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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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datasets:
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- DSL-13-SRMAP/Telugu-Dataset
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language:
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- te
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tags:
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- sentiment-analysis
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- text-classification
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- telugu
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- multilingual
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- xlm-roberta
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- baseline
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base_model: xlm-roberta-base
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pipeline_tag: text-classification
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- f1
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- auroc
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---
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# XLM-R_WOR
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## Model Description
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**XLM-R_WOR** is a Telugu sentiment classification model built on **XLM-RoBERTa (XLM-R)**, a large-scale multilingual Transformer model developed by Facebook AI. XLM-R is designed to enhance cross-lingual understanding by leveraging a substantially larger and more diverse pretraining corpus than mBERT.
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The base model is pretrained on approximately **2.5 TB of filtered Common Crawl data** covering **100+ languages**, including Telugu. Unlike mBERT, XLM-R is trained **exclusively with the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) objective**, without using the Next Sentence Prediction (NSP) task. This design choice enables stronger contextual representations and improved transfer learning.
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The suffix **WOR** denotes **Without Rationale supervision**. This model is fine-tuned using only sentiment labels, without incorporating human-annotated rationales, and serves as a **label-only baseline**.
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---
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## Pretraining Details
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- **Pretraining corpus:** Filtered Common Crawl (≈2.5 TB, 100+ languages)
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- **Training objective:**
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- Masked Language Modeling (MLM)
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- **Next Sentence Prediction:** Not used
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- **Language coverage:** Telugu included, but not exclusively targeted
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---
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## Training Data
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- **Fine-tuning dataset:** Telugu-Dataset
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- **Task:** Sentiment classification
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- **Supervision type:** Label-only (no rationale supervision)
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---
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## Intended Use
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This model is intended for:
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- Telugu sentiment classification
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- Cross-lingual and multilingual NLP benchmarking
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- Baseline comparisons for explainability and rationale-supervision studies
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- Low-resource Telugu NLP research
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Due to its large-scale multilingual pretraining, XLM-R_WOR is particularly effective for transfer learning scenarios where Telugu-specific labeled data is limited.
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---
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## Performance Characteristics
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XLM-R generally provides stronger contextual modeling and improved downstream performance compared to mBERT, owing to its larger and more diverse pretraining corpus and exclusive focus on the MLM objective.
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### Strengths
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- Strong cross-lingual transfer learning
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- Improved contextual representations over mBERT
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- Reliable baseline for multilingual sentiment analysis
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### Limitations
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- Not explicitly optimized for Telugu morphology or syntax
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- May underperform compared to Telugu-specialized models such as MuRIL or L3Cube-Telugu-BERT
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- Limited ability to capture fine-grained cultural and regional linguistic nuances
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---
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## Use as a Baseline
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**XLM-R_WOR** serves as a robust and widely accepted baseline for:
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- Comparing multilingual models against Telugu-specialized architectures
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- Evaluating the impact of rationale supervision (WOR vs. WR)
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- Benchmarking sentiment classification performance in low-resource Telugu settings
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---
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## References
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- Conneau et al., 2019
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- Hedderich et al., 2021
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- Kulkarni et al., 2021
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- Joshi, 2022
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- Das et al., 2022
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- Rajalakshmi et al., 2023
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