Meyerger/ASAG2024 · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringclasses 283 values	provided_answer stringlengths 1 3.56k ⌀	reference_answer stringclasses 452 values	grade float64 0 100	data_source stringclasses 7 values	normalized_grade float64 0 1	weight float64 0 0.04	index int64 0 4.97k
When switch X was closed and switch Y was open, why was bulb A on?	tell answer	Bulb A was still contained in the same closed path with the battery.	0	Beetle	0	0.000812	1,354
Mariella made a saturated solution by adding a solid to 100 milliliters water. Richard made a saturated solution by adding the same solid to 250 milliliters water. Do the 2 saturated solutions have the same concentration? Explain your answer.	No, they do not because Richard put more water which will make it less concentrated.	Yes. If both solutions are saturated (and at the same temperature), the solutions will both have the same concentration. Once a solution is saturated, the solution cannot get any more concentrated.	1	SciEntsBank	0.333333	0.000241	2,595
Draw an arrow to show which direction the water flows in the river. (Rose Mountain is on the left and Happy Valley is on the right in the drawing.) Why do you think the water flows in that direction?	Why is that the water flows down away from the mountain.	Water will always flow downhill (mountain to valley).	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	541
Write-down all addresses in Class A networks that are reserved.	10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 are reserved	126 Class A nets can be addressed in classful IP addressing (1.xx.yy.zz - 126.xx.yy.zz) 127.xx.yy.zz is reserved for loopback testing 0.xx.yy.zz can be accepted if stated accordingly (definitions defer whether this is in Class A)	0.25	SAF	0.25	0.001136	383
Bryan taped a golf tee to a globe of the Earth. He shined a flashlight on the globe. The best way for Bryan to demonstrate how shadows change during the day would be to: (rotate the globe.) move the flashlight. Why would this best demonstrate how shadows change during the day?	Because as the day goes the earth rotates.	Shadows change during the day because the Earth is turning. The Sun stays in one place.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,879
Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?	Bulb a was in a closed path with a battery.	Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	1,530
Draw an arrow to show which direction the water flows in the river. (Rose Mountain is on the left and Happy Valley is on the right in the drawing.) Why do you think the water flows in that direction?	There are other little streams at that end that was formed by water.	Water will always flow downhill (mountain to valley).	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	561
Shanna stuck one end of a clear straw into a ball of clay. She filled the straw part way with water and marked the water level. She then placed it in the freezer. Which statement describes the level of the water (ice) in the straw after it froze? (Circle the one best answer.) A. The water level went down when the water froze. B. The water level stayed the same when the water froze. C. The water level went up when the water froze. Explain your answer.	When water freezes into ice, it expands.	The level went up when the water froze because water expands when water freezes.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	1,410
What is voltage?	the difference between electrical charges in a battery	Voltage is the difference in electrical states between two terminals	1	Beetle	0.333333	0.000238	3,778
What is the main advantage associated with function arguments that are passed by reference?	It gives access and modify the caller's argument data directly. It eliminate the pass by value overhead of copying large amounts ofdata	It avoids making copies of large data structures when calling functions.	5	Mohler	1	0.000302	531
Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 1 and the positive terminal.	because it is not connected to the negative terminal	Terminal 1 and the positive terminal are separated by the gap	1	Beetle	0.333333	0.000238	688
Throwing a ball uses a hinge joint and a ball-and-socket joint. Describe how each of these 2 joints moves when you throw a ball. The hinge joint ___.	It is bending.	moves back-and-forth.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	799
What is a variable?	a value/word that can assume any of a set of values	A location in memory that can store a value.	3	Mohler	0.6	0.001916	128
Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.	Your joints and muscles work together to point your leg up.	The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	4,107
Joanna's glasses "fogged up" when she went into the bathroom after her sister finished her shower. What caused the "fog" to form on her glasses?	On Mrs. Kleese's glasses the steam in her coffee was suffocation.	The glasses were cooler than the water vapor in the bathroom.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	4,398
Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?	it was on a complete circuit	Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	1,544
Wendy is making an electromagnet. She wrapped a long, insulated wire around an iron nail. What should Wendy do next to complete the electromagnet?	Connect the wires to a battery or power source.	Wendy should hook one end of the wire to the negative side of a D-cell battery and the other end to the positive side of the D-cell battery.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,726
Diva's father told her she should not eat so many cookies because they were pure sugar. Diva decided to investigate the amount of sugar in Fruity Cream cookies. She performed the sugar test on 4 grams of pure sugar and on 4 grams of Fruity Cream cookies. The results are pictured at the right. Why did Diva need to test pure sugar?	She needed to test pure sugar because then there would be nothing to compare with.	Diva needs to know how much gas pure sugar produced in order to decide whether the cookies are pure sugar. Diva needs to make a controlled experiment.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	4,285
Jim used a solid and water to make Mixture one (one spoon of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with nothing on the bottom), Mixture 3 (3 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with nothing on the bottom), Mixture 4 (4 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with material on the bottom), and Mixture 5 (5 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with material on the bottom) as shown below. He stirred each one and observed the results. What evidence does Jim have that the solid and water make a solution?	Because when you use a mixture and as it dissolve it is a solution.	The mixtures are all clear.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	4,758
null	(K-nearest neighbours is memory based learning.) take input x calculate calculate distance of x from each training point. Select K training points with minimum distce from the data. Fetch classes of selected K nearest points. Calculate number points per class in k nearest points. determine the class C having maximum points in k nearest pioints The class of the input point is C.	Add the new data to the members of colored or classified old data, construct a sphere with k nearest data points, find the class or color which has the maximum vote and assign the new data to the class which has the maximum vote in an unsupervised manner.	2	DigiKlausur	1	0.001001	603
Emily put 20 milliliters of a mystery solution in an evaporation dish. When all the water was gone, she drew the picture of the dish you see here. Using the crystal-shape key below, what chemical do you think was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt B. Sodium thiosulfate (C. Alum) D. None of the above. Explain why you chose that answer.	I chose it because I looked at the key below and I saw the same shape.	Emily's crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals shown on the key.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,227
Look at the tables for Aisha. She moved each of her hands out of the way of a falling cup. She continued until she reached 5 hits or 5 misses and then stopped. What is the stimulus in this activity?	Moving your hand and using your vision.	The stimulus is seeing or hearing the cup fall.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	4,505
Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph C) size of ice cube versus time.	This graph shows you that there is an equal amount of time.	As time increases, the size of the ice cube decreases.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	625
If a student was holding a thermometer by the bulb (the round part at the bottom of the thermometer) when reading the temperature, would the temperature read the same? Why or why not?	No, No because he keeps on touching the thermometer and will never be the same.	No. The temperature would be higher because the student's finger would make the temperature warmer. [Heat would transfer from the student's finger to the thermometer bulb.]	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	152
What happens to the volume of the sound if you pluck a rubber band harder?	It makes a louder sound.	The volume increases. The sound is louder.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	523
Lee was walking his dog, Max. When a cat ran past them, Max ran after the cat, pulling Lee to the ground. What was Max's response?	Max ran after the cat.	Max's response was to run after the cat.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	909
What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission mode in the Data Link Layer.	In an asynchronous transmission each byte is sent separately and has a start and an end bit. In a synchronous transmission data is sent in frames which can lead to higher transmission rates but becomes more complex.	Asynchronous transmission: Every character a self-contained unit surrounded by a start bit and a stop bit, which is an easy and cheap pattern, but causes low transmission rates. Synchronous transmission: Several characters pooled to a continuous stream of data (frames), Frames defined by SYN or flag, higher complexity, but higher transmission rates. Requires synchronization between sender and receiver.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	209
Look at the finger patterns below, then answer the questions. What is different about the finger patterns?	One loop goes left and the other goes right.	The loops begin at opposite sides of the print.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,208
Pete put a marble in a cup of water as shown in the picture. What evidence indicates whether the marble is more or less dense than the water?	It went to the bottom of the cup.	The marble is on the bottom of the cup (under the water).	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	625
Software-defined Networking (SDN) introduces separate control and data planes to manage network flows. Please explain the responsibilities of each plane in 1-2 sentences. Further, name two tasks the SDN controller takes care of.	control plane defines routes and manages network graph. It forms the logically centralized control (to plan paths etc.). Data plane forwards the packets inside the network (by matching the incoming packets with the entries of the forwarding table (which is defined by the control plane)). SDN controller configures forwarding tables for the switches and discovers the network topology.	Control Plane: The control plane is logically centralized, but can be physically distributed (multiple coordinating control servers for higher availability and scalability). One of the following responsibilities should be given: ● decides the route for the packet/data ○ Control servers manage the network graph, define routes, and update the flow tables of connected switches. ● handles unprocessed packets coming in from the data plane Data plane: Responsible for packet forwarding. Individual switches just execute actions according to their flow tables decided upon by the control plane. The following are the tasks taken care of by the controller: ● Configuration of forwarding tables ● Injecting packets ● Events from switch (packet-in) ● Collection/Monitoring of traffic statistics ● Discovery of topology ● Inventorying what devices are within the network and the capabilities of each device ● Interfaces with control logic (control “application”) via the northbound interface(s) ● Implements a southbound interface to interact with the data plane. ● Implements the control plane.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	277
null	The term population refers to the generating population of sample data produced by an experiment. In finite population sampling the generating population is given by the "totality" of the elements constituting the statistical collective in which the parameters of the population are constants. The population consists of a finite number of clearly identifiable and labelled individuals (i.i.d.) and pre-existing to the observation that it provides the sample data; the characteristic of interest of the population, which is to be estimated on the basis of partial information that is obtained from the sample, takes the parameter name and this represents the unknown aspect of the probability law (but there are cases in which although the number is finished there is no archive for which they are not identifiable or labelable es clandestine, tax evaders). In theoretical population sampling instead the generating population is given by the descriptive probabilistic model of the v.c. X associated with the experiment and is indicated with fX (x; theta) where theta represents the parameter. The data are generated by an experiment and would not exist without this; the result of this experiment is random and governed by probability law and its objective is to produce data with which to evaluate the unknown aspects of the probability law that govern the phenomena of interest.	The term population refers to the generating population of sample data produced by an experiment. In finite population sampling the generating population is given by the "totality" of the elements constituting the statistical collective in which the parameters of the population are constants. The population consists of a finite number of clearly identifiable and labelled individuals (i.i.d.) and pre-existing to the observation that it provides the sample data; the characteristic of interest of the population, which is to be estimated on the basis of partial information that is obtained from the sample, takes the parameter name and this represents the unknown aspect of the probability law (but there are cases in which although the number is finished there is no archive for which they are not identifiable or labelable es clandestine, tax evaders). In theoretical population sampling instead the generating population is given by the descriptive probabilistic model of the v.c. X associated with the experiment and is indicated with fX (x; theta) where theta represents the parameter. The data are generated by an experiment and would not exist without this; the result of this experiment is random and governed by probability law and its objective is to produce data with which to evaluate the unknown aspects of the probability law that govern the phenomena of interest.	1	Stita	1	0.001488	279
Nigel made solutions in the bottles as shown below. Solution A was 2 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water and was clear with no material on the bottom. Solution B was 4 spoons solute in 100 milliliters water and was clear with no material on the bottom. Nigel took 50 milliliters of solution from bottle A and put it in cup A and 50 milliliters of solution from bottle B and put it into cup B. He put the cups on each side of the balance. Which picture shows what would happen? A is heavier than B, B is heavier than A, (A and B are the same weight). Explain your choice.	I chose the same because he took bottle A and half of bottle B and half of bottle B equals A.	The solutions have the same concentration (2 spoons in 50 milliliters is the same as 4 spoons in 100 milliliters) so the mass would also be the same.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	272
Denise made a circuit to light a bulb or run a motor. She used a special switch. Below is the schematic diagram of her circuit. The switch is inside the dotted box. What will happen when she moves the switch to the right?	The motor will run.	The motor will run.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,434
When switch X was open and switch Y was closed, why were bulbs B and C on?	because B and C were still on a closed path with the battery	Bulb B and Bulb C were still contained in the same closed path with the battery.	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	2,471
Emily put 20 milliliters of a mystery solution in an evaporation dish. When all the water was gone, she drew the picture of the dish you see here. Using the crystal-shape key below, what chemical do you think was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt B. Sodium thiosulfate (C. Alum) D. None of the above. Explain why you chose that answer.	I chose alum because it looks like alum and the mystery solution have the same pattern.	Emily's crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals shown on the key.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,231
Look at the tables for Aisha. She moved each of her hands out of the way of a falling cup. She continued until she reached 5 hits or 5 misses and then stopped. What is the stimulus in this activity?	Eye sight.	The stimulus is seeing or hearing the cup fall.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	4,548
Carrie wanted to find out which was harder, a penny or a nickel, so she did a scratch test. How would this tell her which is harder?	If the penny gets scratched the nickel is harder and if the nickel gets scratched then the penny is harder.	The harder coin will scratch the other.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	4,808
When conducting a controlled experiment, why do you use a standard?	We use a standard first because we could know how it went then we could use the score it went and test it again.	A standard is used for comparison to determine how changing one variable changes the results.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	3,671
Jen was talking on the phone with her Uncle Bill who lives in Canada. When she asked him how the weather was, he said it was nice and warm, about 28 degrees. What unit is Uncle Bill using to report the temperature?	Celsius.	Bill must have been using degrees Celsius if 28 is a warm temperature.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,291
Why not?	because there is an alternate path	there is still a closed path containing Switch Z, Switch X, Bulbs A and C and the battery	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	1,123
Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?	Use a ruler.	Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,667
Tabby made 2 solutions using the same solute and water. [Cup one has 6 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water. Cup 2 has 8 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water. Both solutions are clear with material on the bottom.] Which sentence below describes the concentrations of the 2 solutions? (A. The solutions in the cups have the same concentration.) B. Cup one has the more concentrated solution. C. Cup 2 has the more concentrated solution. D. There is not enough information to answer the question. Explain your choice.	It does not show how much dissolved and how much did not.	Both solutions are saturated (as indicated by the material on the bottom) so, even though one cup has more spoonfuls of sugar, both have the same (maximum) concentration.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	51
Why does measuring voltage help you locate a burned out bulb? Try to answer in terms of electrical states, connections and/ or a gap.	we can find the burnt out bulb by finding voltage between different terminals	Measuring voltage indicates the place where the electrical state changes due to a damaged bulb.	2	Beetle	0.666667	0.000272	2,277
Why does the tree shown in the picture have a shadow?	Because everything has a shadow and because of the sun.	The tree blocks the light from the Sun.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	3,906
What is the difference between a data member and a local variable inside a member function?	a local variable in a member function has to be static. a data member can change its value freely.	Data members can be accessed from any member functions inside the class defintion. Local variables can only be accessed inside the member function that defines them.	2	Mohler	0.4	0.003831	255
What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission mode in the Data Link Layer.	Asynchronous transmission: each one of the characters transmitted in this mode has a start and a stop bit. One of the most important characteristic is that they are simple and cheap to build but they have a low transmission rate (not very effective). Synchronous transmission: Many of the characters transmitted this way are combined into frames. They are complexer to build (making them more expensive) but they have a higher transmission rate than the asynchronous transmission.	Asynchronous transmission: Every character a self-contained unit surrounded by a start bit and a stop bit, which is an easy and cheap pattern, but causes low transmission rates. Synchronous transmission: Several characters pooled to a continuous stream of data (frames), Frames defined by SYN or flag, higher complexity, but higher transmission rates. Requires synchronization between sender and receiver.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	1,268
Maria weighed a small, wet sponge. It weighed 38 grams. She left the sponge on the balance. The next day, Jose found the sponge on the balance. It weighed 22 grams. Both students weighed the sponge accurately. Why were the masses different?	Because the water in the sponge evaporated.	Some water evaporated from the sponge between the time Maria weighed the sponge and the time Jose weighed the sponge.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,305
Why does the water level in the straw go down when the bottle-and-straw thermometer is cooled, but not frozen?	Because coldness sinks, more dense.	Water contracts when the water is cooled.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,914
If Phil, a geologist, wants to test for calcite while in the field, what should he bring with him? (an acid such as vinegar). Describe what Phil should do to test for calcite and what he would observe.	He should put the acid on the rock and observe for a reaction because calcite reacts with acid by making bubbles. So if the rock fizzes it has calcite in it.	Put acid on a rock. If the acid fizzes, Phil would know that the rock has calcite.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	1,864
Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?	She could use measuring tape and see how much is it.	Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,680
Explain why circuit 4 is not a short circuit.	the battery is not in the closed path	Circuit 4 has no closed paths	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	2,380
What are the objectives of IPv6? Please state at least 4 objectives.	-to support more end-systems than IPv4 -to reduce routing tables and simplify protocol processing -to increase security -to support real time data traffic	To support billions of end-systems. To reduce routing tables. To simplify protocol processing with Simplified header. To increase security. To support real time data traffic (quality of service). Flow label, traffic class. To provide multicasting. To support mobility (roaming). To be open for change (future): extension headers for additional change incorporation. To coexistence with existing protocols.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	326
Look at the picture of a cow bone. Describe how you can tell which part of the cow this bone came from.	It is curved like a rib.	The bone is thin and curved.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	4,040
Explain why you got a voltage reading of 0 for terminal 1 and terminal 2.	terminal 1 is connected to a battery	Terminals 1 and 2 are connected	0	Beetle	0	0.000812	30
Describe what you would see if a mirror were placed along a line of symmetry on a flat object.	You would see the same part of it.	The mirror would complete the image of the object and make the object appear whole.	1	SciEntsBank	0.333333	0.000241	4,833
Jana and Emily used indophenol to test 3 beverages for vitamin C. The number of drops they added to make a 10 milliliter sample of the blue indophenol indicator become colorless are given here: 8 drops of Overly Orange 13 drops of Luscious Lemon 33 drops of Fruitsnap (and it still didn't change color). Does Overly Orange or Luscious Lemon contain a higher concentration of vitamin C? What is the evidence?	Overly contains a higher amount of vitamin C in it because it took less indophenol to turn the colored juice clear.	Overly Orange takes fewer drops to change the color of indophenol so Overly Orange has a higher concentration of vitamin C.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,629
What are extension headers in IPv6 and where are they located in a packet? What is the main advantage of extension headers compared to IPv4?	Extension headers allow to put additional information between the fixed header and the payload by appending new options there. The main advantage is that the fixed header is linked to the next header.This can be an upper layer header if no extension header is used or an extension header. The latter is in turn linked with the next header and so on what allows an arbitrary number of extension headers without having to change the fixed header for this. In contrast, the IPv4 fixed header only allows a limited number of custom options (ToS field).	Extension headers are used to extend the fixed IPv6 header with additional, optional network layer information. If present, they are located between the fixed header/main header and payload/upper-layer header/ transport-layer header. Main advantage: One of the following advantages are considered fully correct: 1. It allows the appending of new options without changing the header. 2. IPv6 packets with optional headers are typically processed faster/simpler by intermediate devices as most of the options are ignored (except “Hop-by-Hop Extension”) while they are processed by all routers in IPv4 unless ordered otherwise.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	204
Why does a rubber band make a sound when you pluck it (pull and let go quickly)?	Because the rubber band vibrated, and vibration caused sound.	The rubber band vibrates.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,369
What role does the path play in determining whether or not a switch affects a bulb?	if the switch is in a closed path with the lightbulb it must be closed for the lightbulb to be on	If a bulb and a switch are in the same path the switch affects the bulb	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	3,599
Look at the 2 solar water heaters shown here. The black triangular area is the solar collector in each container. If both heaters contain the same amount of water, would you expect the temperature change in heater X to be greater than, less than, or the same as the temperature change in heater Y after 30 minutes? (Same) Explain your answer.	Takes the same amount of space.	The black areas in the 2 collectors (and the collectors themselves) are the same size. The amount of heat absorbed will be the same so the temperature change will also be the same.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	2,440
To model the packet arrivals as a poisson process, we assumed that the arrivals for each time interval Δt are independent. Does this assumption hold for real INTERNET traffic? Explain your answer in 2-5 sentences.	No, this assumption does not hold for real internet traffic, because usually data transfer on any layer happens in multiple, often many packets. If a machine initiates a data transfer, it is very likely that it wants to send more data than fitting in one packet, so it will send many of them in succession. In this case the time interval between the packet arrivals is not independent since they belong to one connection or data transfer. For example if a machine wants to receive a video stream of Netflix, it will have a lot of packets continuously (although buffered) receiving from the Netflix servers, so the arrivals of the packets of the video stream are not independent, therefore the time intervals Δt between them are also not independent.	No. Real internet traffic often comes in bursts. Therefore, arrivals are not independent because the probability of an arrival happening at a node is influenced by previous arrivals at the node. For example, on-demand video streams selectively load the next video segments when needed. This means the actual network utilization depends on the current playback state on the client-side. The packet arrivals are not independent, as it is likely that there is a low utilization directly after the next segments have been loaded.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	635
Look at the picture of the circuit to the right. What will happen to the motor if the light bulb burns out?	The motor will stop working because it is in a series.	The motor will continue to run because the motor still has a pathway to the D-cell.	1	SciEntsBank	0.333333	0.000241	335
Joanna's glasses "fogged up" when she went into the bathroom after her sister finished her shower. What caused the "fog" to form on her glasses?	When cold and warm hit together.	The glasses were cooler than the water vapor in the bathroom.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	4,435
During class Corey used the falling cup tool to check how fast he could move his hands and feet. Corey found that he couldn't move his right foot as fast as he could move his right hand. Use what you know about stimulus response time to explain why his right hand is faster than his right foot.	It takes longer time for the brain to send a message to the foot and back than it takes for the hand because it is closer to your brain the nerves travel a smaller distance.	The right hand is faster than the right foot because the foot is farther from the brain. Therefore the message to respond takes longer to reach the foot than the message takes to reach the hand.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,343
Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph B) speed of light versus time.	The speed of light does not change over time.	As time increases, the speed of light stays the same (remains constant).	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	106
If Phil, a geologist, wants to test for calcite while in the field, what should he bring with him? (an acid such as vinegar). Describe what Phil should do to test for calcite and what he would observe.	That what calcite to when it is in vinegar.	Put acid on a rock. If the acid fizzes, Phil would know that the rock has calcite.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,865
Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.	The back of your leg contracts and the front relaxes.	The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	4,122
null	For this case, the parameters that need to be learned are the slope of the line and the intercept. These are the parameters for the weight vector. 1. Initialize random small values for weight vector. 2. For inputdata $xi$ in Training Data: - Apply the input to the weight vector. - e = the difference between the local field and the desired output $(di-yi)$ - Update weight: w(n+1) = w(n) + $\eta e xi$	Label the data with positive and negative (+/-) labels, initialize the weights randomly, apply (simplified) update rule: Dw = eta*x(n) if <w,x> <= 0, repeat on all epochs till the weights don’t change much. The algorithm will converge as the data is linearly separable.	1	DigiKlausur	0.5	0.001522	80
What is the difference between a data member and a local variable inside a member function?	A data member is a more general term describing all objects instantiated within a member function. "Local" in local variables refers more to the scope of a variable, which may be located in anything from a control structure to a class. Local variables whose scope are in a member function are the same as data members of member functions.	Data members can be accessed from any member functions inside the class defintion. Local variables can only be accessed inside the member function that defines them.	2	Mohler	0.4	0.003831	246
A harp has strings of different lengths. Describe how the sound of a short string being plucked (pulled and let go quickly) is different from the sound of a long string being plucked.	If the small one is high the big one is low that is what it is for the harp.	If the string is shorter, the pitch will be higher. If the string is longer, the pitch will be lower.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	753
Explain why you got a voltage reading of 0 for terminal 6 and the positive terminal.	the positive terminal is not seperated by a gap from terminal 6	Terminal 6 and the positive terminal are connected	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	1,489
Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?	l	Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.	0	Beetle	0	0.000812	1,534
Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.	Because evaporation evaporates goes up in the air and makes clouds forms a bigger cloud and that cloud gets role of water and then it rains.	Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	4,168
If a student was holding a thermometer by the bulb (the round part at the bottom of the thermometer) when reading the temperature, would the temperature read the same? Why or why not?	No, Because if a student had the thermometer by the bulb the thermometer would measure the temperature of his or her body not the object.	No. The temperature would be higher because the student's finger would make the temperature warmer. [Heat would transfer from the student's finger to the thermometer bulb.]	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	166
Emily evaporated a solution and drew a picture of the crystals that remained. Using the crystal-shape key below, what was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt (B. alum) C. sodium thiosulfate. Explain why you chose that answer.	Because the alum matches.	The crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	1,007
null	Backpropagation is an algorithm for training a neural network, and it contains of two main stages. The first stage is to compute the actual output given the input; in this stage, the signal flows forward from the input layer to the output layer, and the synaptic weights are fixed. The second stage is to update the synaptic weights by propagating the error signals backward from the output layer in a layer-by-layer manner; for each neuron, the local gradient, the partial derivative of cost function to the local field, is computed.	Backpropagation lowers the error of a MLP level by level recursively backwards. It back propagates an error from the last layer to the first layer by updating the weights. The updates are determined by the local gradient at each level which is computed by partial derivatives of the error and chain rule.	2	DigiKlausur	1	0.001001	356
After playing the FOSS-ulele, David wrote his results in his lab notebook: I'm confused. When I pull down and tighten the string on the FOSS-ulele, then pluck the string, the pitch sounds HIGHER than it did before. But aren't I making the string longer when I pull the string? I thought a longer length produced a LOWER pitch. What's going on here? What is causing the pitch to be higher? Write a note to David to tell him why the pitch gets higher rather than lower.	I think it is because David pulled the string to the edge so it makes a higher sound.	The string is tighter, so the pitch is higher. The string between the cup and the table is not longer.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	64
What does a voltage reading of 0 tell you about the connection between a bulb terminal and a battery terminal?	the terminal are seperated by a gap when the bulb goes out	the terminals are connected	0	Beetle	0	0.000812	3,402
Amber predicted that a black covered box would heat up faster than a white covered box. She took 2 identical shoe boxes and wrapped one with white paper and the other with black paper. She punched a hole in each box, stuck a thermometer into each hole, and put both boxes in the sun. Every 5 minutes, Amber recorded the temperature in each box. Will the data support Amber's prediction? Explain your answer.	Yes. Well, black attracts to the sun more than white does so the black box is going to get hotter.	Yes. Black absorbs more heat (energy) than white. White reflects more heat (energy) than black. Therefore the black covered box will heat up faster than the white covered box.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	490
Software-defined Networking (SDN) introduces separate control and data planes to manage network flows. Please explain the responsibilities of each plane in 1-2 sentences. Further, name two tasks the SDN controller takes care of.	Control Plane: defines routes and manages network graph. Data Plane: forwarding of packets. SDN controller takes care of: 1. implements control plane. 2. implements southbound interface to switches.	Control Plane: The control plane is logically centralized, but can be physically distributed (multiple coordinating control servers for higher availability and scalability). One of the following responsibilities should be given: ● decides the route for the packet/data ○ Control servers manage the network graph, define routes, and update the flow tables of connected switches. ● handles unprocessed packets coming in from the data plane Data plane: Responsible for packet forwarding. Individual switches just execute actions according to their flow tables decided upon by the control plane. The following are the tasks taken care of by the controller: ● Configuration of forwarding tables ● Injecting packets ● Events from switch (packet-in) ● Collection/Monitoring of traffic statistics ● Discovery of topology ● Inventorying what devices are within the network and the capabilities of each device ● Interfaces with control logic (control “application”) via the northbound interface(s) ● Implements a southbound interface to interact with the data plane. ● Implements the control plane.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	293
Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.	To help them stay up.	The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	4,104
In an SDN, switches maintain a pipeline of flow tables and a meter table. Summarize their respective functions in one sentence each.	The pipeline of flow tables: to support an entire switching pipeline of a typical hardware switch, then more switching functionalities and matching rules are supported when maintaining not only one flow table but also a sequence of flow tables (how to forward packets, outgoing ports for every packet). Meter table: is used to measure network statistics, which simply contains rows of meters and these meters can be manipulated in a similar manner to flows.	Meter table: collects flow statistics or contains meter entry per flow (0.25) which is taken into account by the controller for management of the network like QoS operation(rate-limiting being one of them). Flow pipeline: consists of flow tables that contain “rules” or fields (0.25) for packet forwarding(0.25) /actions to be taken on the packets or in other words it implements the routing logic in the switch	1	SAF	1	0.00008	107
What happens to the "collision domain diameter" if you use CSMA / CD and increase the speed of a network by a factor of 10, eg from 10Mb / s to 100Mb / s (all else being equal)?	The collision domain diameter at 100Mb/s is 1/10 of its number at 10Mb/s.	Diameter decreases by a factor of 10, e.g 300m to 30m.	1	SAF	1	0.00008	291
Consider the following scenario: You are browsing the web for a very specific and important piece of information. However, you are not quite sure how to find it and adopt an iterative process of refining your query after every search, depending on the shown results and a skim of the first few websites. Is it better to use a connection-oriented or connectionless service for your communication in this scenario? Explain your answer in 1-4 sentences.	I would prefer a connection-oriented approach in this case, but it's possible to make arguments for both systems. The short "bursty" communication is an argument for connectionless, but on the other hand this situation also behaves like a conversation, where you send something and then wait for the answer, what makes a connection-oriented service. A reliable connection is also often assumed when talking about connection-oriented, what makes me say that connection-oriented would be better for this communication.	Connectionless, because you will communicate with various partners (websites) for short periods of time. If you would initiate a connection with every website you skim, that would incur a lot of overhead in the connecting and disconnecting phase, just to have very short data transfers.	0.5	SAF	0.5	0.000227	463
Alice planted one radish seed in each of 5 separate pots (Pot one, Pot 2, Pot 3, Pot 4 and Pot 5). She used the same amount and the same kind of soil in each pot. She put them by the same window. The first graph shows the amount of water she put into each pot every day (Pot one got 5 milliliters, Pot 2 got 10 milliliters, Pot 3 got 15 milliliters, Pot 4 got 20 milliliters, and Pot 5 got 25 milliliters). The second graph shows the length of each root after 7 days (0 centimeters for Pot one, 4 centimeters for Pot 2, 8 centimeters for Pot 3, 5 centimeters for Pot 4, and 0 centimeters for Pot 5). What is the range of tolerance for water for these radish seeds? Explain how you decided the range of tolerance.	West one to 5, They have first and last one, they have most difference and I think the wet environment is the best, also the 15 milliliters water is the best.	10 milliliters to 20 milliliters. The radishes did not grow at all in pots one and 5 so the range of tolerance is for pots 2, 3 and 4, which got 10 to 20 milliliters of water.	0	SciEntsBank	0	0.000092	162
Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.	Evaporation turns water in water vapor so water vapor get in the clouds. Condensation make water vapor turns into water and rain.	Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	4,209
Discuss 3 methods (each with at least one advantage and disadvantage) that address the problem of duplicate packets on the transport layer in a connection-oriented service.	TSAP is fast and simple, but is not always applicable. Individual conn identification individual PDU identification	1. to use temporarily valid TSAPs -method: -TSAP valid for one connection only -generate always new TSAPs -evaluation -in general not always applicable:-process server addressing method not possible, because -server is reached via　a designated/known TSAP - some TSAPs always exist as "well-known" 2. to identify connections individually -method: -each individual connection is assigned a new SeqNo and -endsystems remember already assigned SeqNo -evaluation -endsystems must be capable of storing this information -prerequisite: -connection oriented system (what if connection-less?) -endsystems, however, will be switched off and it is necessary that the information is reliably available whenever needed 3. to identify PDUs individually: individual sequential numbers for each PDU -method: -SeqNo basically never gets reset -e.g. 48 bit at 1000 msg/sec: reiteration after 8000 years -evaluation -higher usage of bandwidth and memory -sensible choice of the sequential number range depends on -the packet rate -a packet's probable "lifetime" within the network	0.75	SAF	0.75	0.000291	1,616
Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?	They have to get a measure tape.	Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	2,674
Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 3 and the positive terminal.	same answer as above	Terminal 3 and the positive terminal are separated by the gap	0	Beetle	0	0.000812	1,795
Ron covered his notebook with waxed paper. Then he placed a small drop of water in the middle of the notebook as shown in the picture. Even though the drop was on a slope, the drop stayed where he placed it. Describe 2 ways Ron can make the water move down the notebook without pushing the drop or blowing on it.	And he can tip the wax paper upwards.	Expand the drop. Tilt the notebook.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,634
Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.	Because evaporation causes the water to go up in the air, and condensation makes clouds which eventually form precipitation or rain.	Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	4,176
Pam sprayed water on her mother's car. The water drops looked just like those she had seen on other surfaces that do not absorb water. What property of water causes the drop to be shaped that way?	The surface tension of the car.	Surface tension causes the drop to form a dome or bead shape.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,109
Let us assume that you flip a coin 6 times where the probability of heads (H) showing up is 0.6. Please arrange the following events in the increasing order of their likelihood (i.e., least probable → most probable): ● Event A: you see at least three H’s ● Event B: you see the sequence HHHTTT ● Event C: you see exactly three H’s Include justification in your answer headers.	You can calculate the probabilities according to the binomial distribution.Event B: p = 0,013 Event C: p = 0,2765 Event A: p = 0,82	The correct sequence is BCA , where B is the least probable. One of the following justifications should be given: ● Event B is a subset/part/special case of C, and C is a subset/part/special case of A ● Event B is more specific/strict than C and C is more specific/strict than A ● An actual, correct calculation of the probabilities: ○ P(B) = 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.4 0.4 = 0.6^3 0.4^3 = 0.013824 ○ P(C) = (6 choose 3) * P(B) = 0.27648 ○ P(A) = P(C) + P(Y=4) + P(Y=5) + P(Y=6) = 1 - P(Y=0) - P(Y=1) - P(Y=2) = (6 choose 3) * 0.6^3 * 0.4^3 + (6 choose 4) * 0.6^4 * 0.4^2 +(6 choose 5) * 0.6^5 * 0.4 + (6 choose 6) * 0.6^6 = 0.27648 + 15 * 0.020736 + 6 * 0.031104 + 1 * 0.046656 = 0.8208 ○ The answer may be rounded to up to 2 decimal places, e.g. P(B) = 0.01 or P(B) = 0.014 ○ It is also sufficient to give a formula without the actual calculation, if it is apparent that P(B) less than P(C) less than P(A), e.g. by stating P(C) = 20 * P(B)	1	SAF	1	0.00008	265
Let us assume that you flip a coin 6 times where the probability of heads (H) showing up is 0.6. Please arrange the following events in the increasing order of their likelihood (i.e., least probable → most probable): ● Event A: you see at least three H’s ● Event B: you see the sequence HHHTTT ● Event C: you see exactly three H’s Include justification in your answer headers.	By calculating using the binomial distribution probability formula, it can be concluded that the probability of event C occurring is 0.2765. The probability of event A occurring is: P[event A]=P[you see exactly three H’s]+P[you see four H’s]+P[you see five H’s]+P[you see six H’s] =P(k=3)+P(k=4)+P(k=5)+P(k=6)= 0.2765+0.311+0.1866+0.0467=0.8208 (P is the binomial distribution) The probability of event B occurring is 0.60.60.60.40.4*0.4=0.013824. Therefore the order is event B to event C to event A.	The correct sequence is BCA , where B is the least probable. One of the following justifications should be given: ● Event B is a subset/part/special case of C, and C is a subset/part/special case of A ● Event B is more specific/strict than C and C is more specific/strict than A ● An actual, correct calculation of the probabilities: ○ P(B) = 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.4 0.4 = 0.6^3 0.4^3 = 0.013824 ○ P(C) = (6 choose 3) * P(B) = 0.27648 ○ P(A) = P(C) + P(Y=4) + P(Y=5) + P(Y=6) = 1 - P(Y=0) - P(Y=1) - P(Y=2) = (6 choose 3) * 0.6^3 * 0.4^3 + (6 choose 4) * 0.6^4 * 0.4^2 +(6 choose 5) * 0.6^5 * 0.4 + (6 choose 6) * 0.6^6 = 0.27648 + 15 * 0.020736 + 6 * 0.031104 + 1 * 0.046656 = 0.8208 ○ The answer may be rounded to up to 2 decimal places, e.g. P(B) = 0.01 or P(B) = 0.014 ○ It is also sufficient to give a formula without the actual calculation, if it is apparent that P(B) less than P(C) less than P(A), e.g. by stating P(C) = 20 * P(B)	1	SAF	1	0.00008	57
Anne is investigating which objects stick to magnets. She recorded this in her notebook. I was surprised! A nail was stuck to the magnet. When I accidentally touched the nail to a paperclip, the paperclip stuck to the nail. If Anne touched the nail to a brass ring, what do you think would happen and why?	I think the nail would stick to it because the nail will still have the magnetic force.	The brass ring would not stick to the nail because the ring is not iron. The nail is a temporary magnet, but brass cannot become a temporary magnet and thus does not stick to magnets.	1	SciEntsBank	0.333333	0.000241	518
Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 1 and terminal 6.	The terminals are not connected	Terminals 1 and 6 are separated by the gap	3	Beetle	1	0.00015	168
Kate said: "An object has to move to produce sound." Do you agree with her? Why or why not?	I agree because it has to vibrate and vibrating is moving.	Agree. Vibrations are movements. Vibrations produce sound.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	99
Only one circuit below will light the bulb. Which one will work? Why is that the only circuit that will work?	Because the shiny part and the wire is touching the black part.	That circuit is the only circuit that uses all of the correct contact points.	2	SciEntsBank	0.666667	0.000096	936
What is "frame bursting"? Also, give 1 advantage and disadvantage compared to the carrier extension.	in frame bursting the sender can transmit a concatenated sequence of multiple frames in a single transmission a disadvantage is that frames need to wait for the transmission, on the other hand it will have a better efficiency	Frame bursting reduces the overhead for transmitting small frames by concatenating a sequence of multiple frames in one single transmission, without ever releasing control of the channel. Advantage :it is more efficient than carrier extension as single frames not filled up with garbage. Disadvantage :need frames waiting for transmission or buffering and delay of frames	1	SAF	1	0.00008	58
The mangrove is a tree found only in saltwater environments. What would happen if you moved a mangrove tree to a freshwater environment? Explain your answer.	It would die because freshwater is out of the range of tolerance.	The mangrove tree would probably die or the tree would not grow well because the tree needs a saltwater environment. Water without salt is outside of the tree's range of tolerance for salt.	3	SciEntsBank	1	0.000056	3,821

When switch X was closed and switch Y was open, why was bulb A on?

tell answer

Bulb A was still contained in the same closed path with the battery.

0

Beetle

0

0.000812

1,354

Mariella made a saturated solution by adding a solid to 100 milliliters water. Richard made a saturated solution by adding the same solid to 250 milliliters water. Do the 2 saturated solutions have the same concentration? Explain your answer.

No, they do not because Richard put more water which will make it less concentrated.

Yes. If both solutions are saturated (and at the same temperature), the solutions will both have the same concentration. Once a solution is saturated, the solution cannot get any more concentrated.

1

SciEntsBank

0.333333

0.000241

2,595

Draw an arrow to show which direction the water flows in the river. (Rose Mountain is on the left and Happy Valley is on the right in the drawing.) Why do you think the water flows in that direction?

Why is that the water flows down away from the mountain.

Water will always flow downhill (mountain to valley).

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

541

Write-down all addresses in Class A networks that are reserved.

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 are reserved

126 Class A nets can be addressed in classful IP addressing (1.xx.yy.zz - 126.xx.yy.zz) 127.xx.yy.zz is reserved for loopback testing 0.xx.yy.zz can be accepted if stated accordingly (definitions defer whether this is in Class A)

0.25

SAF

0.25

0.001136

383

Bryan taped a golf tee to a globe of the Earth. He shined a flashlight on the globe. The best way for Bryan to demonstrate how shadows change during the day would be to: (rotate the globe.) move the flashlight. Why would this best demonstrate how shadows change during the day?

Because as the day goes the earth rotates.

Shadows change during the day because the Earth is turning. The Sun stays in one place.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,879

Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?

Bulb a was in a closed path with a battery.

Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

1,530

Draw an arrow to show which direction the water flows in the river. (Rose Mountain is on the left and Happy Valley is on the right in the drawing.) Why do you think the water flows in that direction?

There are other little streams at that end that was formed by water.

Water will always flow downhill (mountain to valley).

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

561

Shanna stuck one end of a clear straw into a ball of clay. She filled the straw part way with water and marked the water level. She then placed it in the freezer. Which statement describes the level of the water (ice) in the straw after it froze? (Circle the one best answer.) A. The water level went down when the water froze. B. The water level stayed the same when the water froze. C. The water level went up when the water froze. Explain your answer.

When water freezes into ice, it expands.

The level went up when the water froze because water expands when water freezes.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

1,410

What is voltage?

the difference between electrical charges in a battery

Voltage is the difference in electrical states between two terminals

1

Beetle

0.333333

0.000238

3,778

What is the main advantage associated with function arguments that are passed by reference?

It gives access and modify the caller's argument data directly. It eliminate the pass by value overhead of copying large amounts ofdata

It avoids making copies of large data structures when calling functions.

5

Mohler

1

0.000302

531

Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 1 and the positive terminal.

because it is not connected to the negative terminal

Terminal 1 and the positive terminal are separated by the gap

1

Beetle

0.333333

0.000238

688

Throwing a ball uses a hinge joint and a ball-and-socket joint. Describe how each of these 2 joints moves when you throw a ball. The hinge joint ___.

It is bending.

moves back-and-forth.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

799

What is a variable?

a value/word that can assume any of a set of values

A location in memory that can store a value.

3

Mohler

0.6

0.001916

128

Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.

Your joints and muscles work together to point your leg up.

The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

4,107

Joanna's glasses "fogged up" when she went into the bathroom after her sister finished her shower. What caused the "fog" to form on her glasses?

On Mrs. Kleese's glasses the steam in her coffee was suffocation.

The glasses were cooler than the water vapor in the bathroom.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

4,398

Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?

it was on a complete circuit

Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

1,544

Wendy is making an electromagnet. She wrapped a long, insulated wire around an iron nail. What should Wendy do next to complete the electromagnet?

Connect the wires to a battery or power source.

Wendy should hook one end of the wire to the negative side of a D-cell battery and the other end to the positive side of the D-cell battery.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,726

Diva's father told her she should not eat so many cookies because they were pure sugar. Diva decided to investigate the amount of sugar in Fruity Cream cookies. She performed the sugar test on 4 grams of pure sugar and on 4 grams of Fruity Cream cookies. The results are pictured at the right. Why did Diva need to test pure sugar?

She needed to test pure sugar because then there would be nothing to compare with.

Diva needs to know how much gas pure sugar produced in order to decide whether the cookies are pure sugar. Diva needs to make a controlled experiment.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

4,285

Jim used a solid and water to make Mixture one (one spoon of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with nothing on the bottom), Mixture 3 (3 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with nothing on the bottom), Mixture 4 (4 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with material on the bottom), and Mixture 5 (5 spoons of solid in 100 milliliters water was clear with material on the bottom) as shown below. He stirred each one and observed the results. What evidence does Jim have that the solid and water make a solution?

Because when you use a mixture and as it dissolve it is a solution.

The mixtures are all clear.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

4,758

null

(K-nearest neighbours is memory based learning.) take input x calculate calculate distance of x from each training point. Select K training points with minimum distce from the data. Fetch classes of selected K nearest points. Calculate number points per class in k nearest points. determine the class C having maximum points in k nearest pioints The class of the input point is C.

Add the new data to the members of colored or classified old data, construct a sphere with k nearest data points, find the class or color which has the maximum vote and assign the new data to the class which has the maximum vote in an unsupervised manner.

2

DigiKlausur

1

0.001001

603

Emily put 20 milliliters of a mystery solution in an evaporation dish. When all the water was gone, she drew the picture of the dish you see here. Using the crystal-shape key below, what chemical do you think was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt B. Sodium thiosulfate (C. Alum) D. None of the above. Explain why you chose that answer.

I chose it because I looked at the key below and I saw the same shape.

Emily's crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals shown on the key.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,227

Look at the tables for Aisha. She moved each of her hands out of the way of a falling cup. She continued until she reached 5 hits or 5 misses and then stopped. What is the stimulus in this activity?

Moving your hand and using your vision.

The stimulus is seeing or hearing the cup fall.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

4,505

Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph C) size of ice cube versus time.

This graph shows you that there is an equal amount of time.

As time increases, the size of the ice cube decreases.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

625

If a student was holding a thermometer by the bulb (the round part at the bottom of the thermometer) when reading the temperature, would the temperature read the same? Why or why not?

No, No because he keeps on touching the thermometer and will never be the same.

No. The temperature would be higher because the student's finger would make the temperature warmer. [Heat would transfer from the student's finger to the thermometer bulb.]

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

152

What happens to the volume of the sound if you pluck a rubber band harder?

It makes a louder sound.

The volume increases. The sound is louder.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

523

Lee was walking his dog, Max. When a cat ran past them, Max ran after the cat, pulling Lee to the ground. What was Max's response?

Max ran after the cat.

Max's response was to run after the cat.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

909

What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission mode in the Data Link Layer.

In an asynchronous transmission each byte is sent separately and has a start and an end bit. In a synchronous transmission data is sent in frames which can lead to higher transmission rates but becomes more complex.

Asynchronous transmission: Every character a self-contained unit surrounded by a start bit and a stop bit, which is an easy and cheap pattern, but causes low transmission rates. Synchronous transmission: Several characters pooled to a continuous stream of data (frames), Frames defined by SYN or flag, higher complexity, but higher transmission rates. Requires synchronization between sender and receiver.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

209

Look at the finger patterns below, then answer the questions. What is different about the finger patterns?

One loop goes left and the other goes right.

The loops begin at opposite sides of the print.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,208

Pete put a marble in a cup of water as shown in the picture. What evidence indicates whether the marble is more or less dense than the water?

It went to the bottom of the cup.

The marble is on the bottom of the cup (under the water).

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

625

Software-defined Networking (SDN) introduces separate control and data planes to manage network flows. Please explain the responsibilities of each plane in 1-2 sentences. Further, name two tasks the SDN controller takes care of.

control plane defines routes and manages network graph. It forms the logically centralized control (to plan paths etc.). Data plane forwards the packets inside the network (by matching the incoming packets with the entries of the forwarding table (which is defined by the control plane)). SDN controller configures forwarding tables for the switches and discovers the network topology.

Control Plane: The control plane is logically centralized, but can be physically distributed (multiple coordinating control servers for higher availability and scalability). One of the following responsibilities should be given: ● decides the route for the packet/data ○ Control servers manage the network graph, define routes, and update the flow tables of connected switches. ● handles unprocessed packets coming in from the data plane Data plane: Responsible for packet forwarding. Individual switches just execute actions according to their flow tables decided upon by the control plane. The following are the tasks taken care of by the controller: ● Configuration of forwarding tables ● Injecting packets ● Events from switch (packet-in) ● Collection/Monitoring of traffic statistics ● Discovery of topology ● Inventorying what devices are within the network and the capabilities of each device ● Interfaces with control logic (control “application”) via the northbound interface(s) ● Implements a southbound interface to interact with the data plane. ● Implements the control plane.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

277

null

The term population refers to the generating population of sample data produced by an experiment. In finite population sampling the generating population is given by the "totality" of the elements constituting the statistical collective in which the parameters of the population are constants. The population consists of a finite number of clearly identifiable and labelled individuals (i.i.d.) and pre-existing to the observation that it provides the sample data; the characteristic of interest of the population, which is to be estimated on the basis of partial information that is obtained from the sample, takes the parameter name and this represents the unknown aspect of the probability law (but there are cases in which although the number is finished there is no archive for which they are not identifiable or labelable es clandestine, tax evaders). In theoretical population sampling instead the generating population is given by the descriptive probabilistic model of the v.c. X associated with the experiment and is indicated with fX (x; theta) where theta represents the parameter. The data are generated by an experiment and would not exist without this; the result of this experiment is random and governed by probability law and its objective is to produce data with which to evaluate the unknown aspects of the probability law that govern the phenomena of interest.

1

Stita

1

0.001488

279

Nigel made solutions in the bottles as shown below. Solution A was 2 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water and was clear with no material on the bottom. Solution B was 4 spoons solute in 100 milliliters water and was clear with no material on the bottom. Nigel took 50 milliliters of solution from bottle A and put it in cup A and 50 milliliters of solution from bottle B and put it into cup B. He put the cups on each side of the balance. Which picture shows what would happen? A is heavier than B, B is heavier than A, (A and B are the same weight). Explain your choice.

I chose the same because he took bottle A and half of bottle B and half of bottle B equals A.

The solutions have the same concentration (2 spoons in 50 milliliters is the same as 4 spoons in 100 milliliters) so the mass would also be the same.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

272

Denise made a circuit to light a bulb or run a motor. She used a special switch. Below is the schematic diagram of her circuit. The switch is inside the dotted box. What will happen when she moves the switch to the right?

The motor will run.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,434

When switch X was open and switch Y was closed, why were bulbs B and C on?

because B and C were still on a closed path with the battery

Bulb B and Bulb C were still contained in the same closed path with the battery.

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

2,471

Emily put 20 milliliters of a mystery solution in an evaporation dish. When all the water was gone, she drew the picture of the dish you see here. Using the crystal-shape key below, what chemical do you think was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt B. Sodium thiosulfate (C. Alum) D. None of the above. Explain why you chose that answer.

I chose alum because it looks like alum and the mystery solution have the same pattern.

Emily's crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals shown on the key.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,231

Look at the tables for Aisha. She moved each of her hands out of the way of a falling cup. She continued until she reached 5 hits or 5 misses and then stopped. What is the stimulus in this activity?

Eye sight.

The stimulus is seeing or hearing the cup fall.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

4,548

Carrie wanted to find out which was harder, a penny or a nickel, so she did a scratch test. How would this tell her which is harder?

If the penny gets scratched the nickel is harder and if the nickel gets scratched then the penny is harder.

The harder coin will scratch the other.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

4,808

When conducting a controlled experiment, why do you use a standard?

We use a standard first because we could know how it went then we could use the score it went and test it again.

A standard is used for comparison to determine how changing one variable changes the results.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

3,671

Jen was talking on the phone with her Uncle Bill who lives in Canada. When she asked him how the weather was, he said it was nice and warm, about 28 degrees. What unit is Uncle Bill using to report the temperature?

Celsius.

Bill must have been using degrees Celsius if 28 is a warm temperature.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,291

Why not?

because there is an alternate path

there is still a closed path containing Switch Z, Switch X, Bulbs A and C and the battery

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

1,123

Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?

Use a ruler.

Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,667

Tabby made 2 solutions using the same solute and water. [Cup one has 6 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water. Cup 2 has 8 spoons solute in 50 milliliters water. Both solutions are clear with material on the bottom.] Which sentence below describes the concentrations of the 2 solutions? (A. The solutions in the cups have the same concentration.) B. Cup one has the more concentrated solution. C. Cup 2 has the more concentrated solution. D. There is not enough information to answer the question. Explain your choice.

It does not show how much dissolved and how much did not.

Both solutions are saturated (as indicated by the material on the bottom) so, even though one cup has more spoonfuls of sugar, both have the same (maximum) concentration.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

51

Why does measuring voltage help you locate a burned out bulb? Try to answer in terms of electrical states, connections and/ or a gap.

we can find the burnt out bulb by finding voltage between different terminals

Measuring voltage indicates the place where the electrical state changes due to a damaged bulb.

2

Beetle

0.666667

0.000272

2,277

Why does the tree shown in the picture have a shadow?

Because everything has a shadow and because of the sun.

The tree blocks the light from the Sun.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

3,906

What is the difference between a data member and a local variable inside a member function?

a local variable in a member function has to be static. a data member can change its value freely.

Data members can be accessed from any member functions inside the class defintion. Local variables can only be accessed inside the member function that defines them.

2

Mohler

0.4

0.003831

255

What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission mode in the Data Link Layer.

Asynchronous transmission: each one of the characters transmitted in this mode has a start and a stop bit. One of the most important characteristic is that they are simple and cheap to build but they have a low transmission rate (not very effective). Synchronous transmission: Many of the characters transmitted this way are combined into frames. They are complexer to build (making them more expensive) but they have a higher transmission rate than the asynchronous transmission.

Asynchronous transmission: Every character a self-contained unit surrounded by a start bit and a stop bit, which is an easy and cheap pattern, but causes low transmission rates. Synchronous transmission: Several characters pooled to a continuous stream of data (frames), Frames defined by SYN or flag, higher complexity, but higher transmission rates. Requires synchronization between sender and receiver.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

1,268

Maria weighed a small, wet sponge. It weighed 38 grams. She left the sponge on the balance. The next day, Jose found the sponge on the balance. It weighed 22 grams. Both students weighed the sponge accurately. Why were the masses different?

Because the water in the sponge evaporated.

Some water evaporated from the sponge between the time Maria weighed the sponge and the time Jose weighed the sponge.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,305

Why does the water level in the straw go down when the bottle-and-straw thermometer is cooled, but not frozen?

Because coldness sinks, more dense.

Water contracts when the water is cooled.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,914

If Phil, a geologist, wants to test for calcite while in the field, what should he bring with him? (an acid such as vinegar). Describe what Phil should do to test for calcite and what he would observe.

He should put the acid on the rock and observe for a reaction because calcite reacts with acid by making bubbles. So if the rock fizzes it has calcite in it.

Put acid on a rock. If the acid fizzes, Phil would know that the rock has calcite.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

1,864

Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?

She could use measuring tape and see how much is it.

Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,680

Explain why circuit 4 is not a short circuit.

the battery is not in the closed path

Circuit 4 has no closed paths

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

2,380

What are the objectives of IPv6? Please state at least 4 objectives.

-to support more end-systems than IPv4 -to reduce routing tables and simplify protocol processing -to increase security -to support real time data traffic

To support billions of end-systems. To reduce routing tables. To simplify protocol processing with Simplified header. To increase security. To support real time data traffic (quality of service). Flow label, traffic class. To provide multicasting. To support mobility (roaming). To be open for change (future): extension headers for additional change incorporation. To coexistence with existing protocols.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

326

Look at the picture of a cow bone. Describe how you can tell which part of the cow this bone came from.

It is curved like a rib.

The bone is thin and curved.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

4,040

Explain why you got a voltage reading of 0 for terminal 1 and terminal 2.

terminal 1 is connected to a battery

Terminals 1 and 2 are connected

0

Beetle

0

0.000812

30

Describe what you would see if a mirror were placed along a line of symmetry on a flat object.

You would see the same part of it.

The mirror would complete the image of the object and make the object appear whole.

1

SciEntsBank

0.333333

0.000241

4,833

Jana and Emily used indophenol to test 3 beverages for vitamin C. The number of drops they added to make a 10 milliliter sample of the blue indophenol indicator become colorless are given here: 8 drops of Overly Orange 13 drops of Luscious Lemon 33 drops of Fruitsnap (and it still didn't change color). Does Overly Orange or Luscious Lemon contain a higher concentration of vitamin C? What is the evidence?

Overly contains a higher amount of vitamin C in it because it took less indophenol to turn the colored juice clear.

Overly Orange takes fewer drops to change the color of indophenol so Overly Orange has a higher concentration of vitamin C.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,629

What are extension headers in IPv6 and where are they located in a packet? What is the main advantage of extension headers compared to IPv4?

Extension headers allow to put additional information between the fixed header and the payload by appending new options there. The main advantage is that the fixed header is linked to the next header.This can be an upper layer header if no extension header is used or an extension header. The latter is in turn linked with the next header and so on what allows an arbitrary number of extension headers without having to change the fixed header for this. In contrast, the IPv4 fixed header only allows a limited number of custom options (ToS field).

Extension headers are used to extend the fixed IPv6 header with additional, optional network layer information. If present, they are located between the fixed header/main header and payload/upper-layer header/ transport-layer header. Main advantage: One of the following advantages are considered fully correct: 1. It allows the appending of new options without changing the header. 2. IPv6 packets with optional headers are typically processed faster/simpler by intermediate devices as most of the options are ignored (except “Hop-by-Hop Extension”) while they are processed by all routers in IPv4 unless ordered otherwise.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

204

Why does a rubber band make a sound when you pluck it (pull and let go quickly)?

Because the rubber band vibrated, and vibration caused sound.

The rubber band vibrates.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,369

What role does the path play in determining whether or not a switch affects a bulb?

if the switch is in a closed path with the lightbulb it must be closed for the lightbulb to be on

If a bulb and a switch are in the same path the switch affects the bulb

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

3,599

Look at the 2 solar water heaters shown here. The black triangular area is the solar collector in each container. If both heaters contain the same amount of water, would you expect the temperature change in heater X to be greater than, less than, or the same as the temperature change in heater Y after 30 minutes? (Same) Explain your answer.

Takes the same amount of space.

The black areas in the 2 collectors (and the collectors themselves) are the same size. The amount of heat absorbed will be the same so the temperature change will also be the same.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

2,440

To model the packet arrivals as a poisson process, we assumed that the arrivals for each time interval Δt are independent. Does this assumption hold for real INTERNET traffic? Explain your answer in 2-5 sentences.

No, this assumption does not hold for real internet traffic, because usually data transfer on any layer happens in multiple, often many packets. If a machine initiates a data transfer, it is very likely that it wants to send more data than fitting in one packet, so it will send many of them in succession. In this case the time interval between the packet arrivals is not independent since they belong to one connection or data transfer. For example if a machine wants to receive a video stream of Netflix, it will have a lot of packets continuously (although buffered) receiving from the Netflix servers, so the arrivals of the packets of the video stream are not independent, therefore the time intervals Δt between them are also not independent.

No. Real internet traffic often comes in bursts. Therefore, arrivals are not independent because the probability of an arrival happening at a node is influenced by previous arrivals at the node. For example, on-demand video streams selectively load the next video segments when needed. This means the actual network utilization depends on the current playback state on the client-side. The packet arrivals are not independent, as it is likely that there is a low utilization directly after the next segments have been loaded.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

635

Look at the picture of the circuit to the right. What will happen to the motor if the light bulb burns out?

The motor will stop working because it is in a series.

The motor will continue to run because the motor still has a pathway to the D-cell.

1

SciEntsBank

0.333333

0.000241

335

Joanna's glasses "fogged up" when she went into the bathroom after her sister finished her shower. What caused the "fog" to form on her glasses?

When cold and warm hit together.

The glasses were cooler than the water vapor in the bathroom.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

4,435

During class Corey used the falling cup tool to check how fast he could move his hands and feet. Corey found that he couldn't move his right foot as fast as he could move his right hand. Use what you know about stimulus response time to explain why his right hand is faster than his right foot.

It takes longer time for the brain to send a message to the foot and back than it takes for the hand because it is closer to your brain the nerves travel a smaller distance.

The right hand is faster than the right foot because the foot is farther from the brain. Therefore the message to respond takes longer to reach the foot than the message takes to reach the hand.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,343

Explain in one sentence what each graph tells you. Graph B) speed of light versus time.

The speed of light does not change over time.

As time increases, the speed of light stays the same (remains constant).

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

106

If Phil, a geologist, wants to test for calcite while in the field, what should he bring with him? (an acid such as vinegar). Describe what Phil should do to test for calcite and what he would observe.

That what calcite to when it is in vinegar.

Put acid on a rock. If the acid fizzes, Phil would know that the rock has calcite.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,865

Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.

The back of your leg contracts and the front relaxes.

The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

4,122

null

For this case, the parameters that need to be learned are the slope of the line and the intercept. These are the parameters for the weight vector. 1. Initialize random small values for weight vector. 2. For inputdata $xi$ in Training Data: - Apply the input to the weight vector. - e = the difference between the local field and the desired output $(di-yi)$ - Update weight: w(n+1) = w(n) + $\eta e xi$

Label the data with positive and negative (+/-) labels, initialize the weights randomly, apply (simplified) update rule: Dw = eta*x(n) if <w,x> <= 0, repeat on all epochs till the weights don’t change much. The algorithm will converge as the data is linearly separable.

1

DigiKlausur

0.5

0.001522

80

What is the difference between a data member and a local variable inside a member function?

A data member is a more general term describing all objects instantiated within a member function. "Local" in local variables refers more to the scope of a variable, which may be located in anything from a control structure to a class. Local variables whose scope are in a member function are the same as data members of member functions.

Data members can be accessed from any member functions inside the class defintion. Local variables can only be accessed inside the member function that defines them.

2

Mohler

0.4

0.003831

246

A harp has strings of different lengths. Describe how the sound of a short string being plucked (pulled and let go quickly) is different from the sound of a long string being plucked.

If the small one is high the big one is low that is what it is for the harp.

If the string is shorter, the pitch will be higher. If the string is longer, the pitch will be lower.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

753

Explain why you got a voltage reading of 0 for terminal 6 and the positive terminal.

the positive terminal is not seperated by a gap from terminal 6

Terminal 6 and the positive terminal are connected

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

1,489

Why was bulb A on when switch Y was open and switch Z was closed?

l

Bulb A is still contained in a closed path with the battery.

0

Beetle

0

0.000812

1,534

Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.

Because evaporation evaporates goes up in the air and makes clouds forms a bigger cloud and that cloud gets role of water and then it rains.

Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

4,168

If a student was holding a thermometer by the bulb (the round part at the bottom of the thermometer) when reading the temperature, would the temperature read the same? Why or why not?

No, Because if a student had the thermometer by the bulb the thermometer would measure the temperature of his or her body not the object.

No. The temperature would be higher because the student's finger would make the temperature warmer. [Heat would transfer from the student's finger to the thermometer bulb.]

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

166

Emily evaporated a solution and drew a picture of the crystals that remained. Using the crystal-shape key below, what was dissolved in the solution? A. Epsom salt (B. alum) C. sodium thiosulfate. Explain why you chose that answer.

Because the alum matches.

The crystals are the same shape as the alum crystals.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

1,007

null

Backpropagation is an algorithm for training a neural network, and it contains of two main stages. The first stage is to compute the actual output given the input; in this stage, the signal flows forward from the input layer to the output layer, and the synaptic weights are fixed. The second stage is to update the synaptic weights by propagating the error signals backward from the output layer in a layer-by-layer manner; for each neuron, the local gradient, the partial derivative of cost function to the local field, is computed.

Backpropagation lowers the error of a MLP level by level recursively backwards. It back propagates an error from the last layer to the first layer by updating the weights. The updates are determined by the local gradient at each level which is computed by partial derivatives of the error and chain rule.

2

DigiKlausur

1

0.001001

356

After playing the FOSS-ulele, David wrote his results in his lab notebook: I'm confused. When I pull down and tighten the string on the FOSS-ulele, then pluck the string, the pitch sounds HIGHER than it did before. But aren't I making the string longer when I pull the string? I thought a longer length produced a LOWER pitch. What's going on here? What is causing the pitch to be higher? Write a note to David to tell him why the pitch gets higher rather than lower.

I think it is because David pulled the string to the edge so it makes a higher sound.

The string is tighter, so the pitch is higher. The string between the cup and the table is not longer.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

64

What does a voltage reading of 0 tell you about the connection between a bulb terminal and a battery terminal?

the terminal are seperated by a gap when the bulb goes out

the terminals are connected

0

Beetle

0

0.000812

3,402

Amber predicted that a black covered box would heat up faster than a white covered box. She took 2 identical shoe boxes and wrapped one with white paper and the other with black paper. She punched a hole in each box, stuck a thermometer into each hole, and put both boxes in the sun. Every 5 minutes, Amber recorded the temperature in each box. Will the data support Amber's prediction? Explain your answer.

Yes. Well, black attracts to the sun more than white does so the black box is going to get hotter.

Yes. Black absorbs more heat (energy) than white. White reflects more heat (energy) than black. Therefore the black covered box will heat up faster than the white covered box.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

490

Software-defined Networking (SDN) introduces separate control and data planes to manage network flows. Please explain the responsibilities of each plane in 1-2 sentences. Further, name two tasks the SDN controller takes care of.

Control Plane: defines routes and manages network graph. Data Plane: forwarding of packets. SDN controller takes care of: 1. implements control plane. 2. implements southbound interface to switches.

Control Plane: The control plane is logically centralized, but can be physically distributed (multiple coordinating control servers for higher availability and scalability). One of the following responsibilities should be given: ● decides the route for the packet/data ○ Control servers manage the network graph, define routes, and update the flow tables of connected switches. ● handles unprocessed packets coming in from the data plane Data plane: Responsible for packet forwarding. Individual switches just execute actions according to their flow tables decided upon by the control plane. The following are the tasks taken care of by the controller: ● Configuration of forwarding tables ● Injecting packets ● Events from switch (packet-in) ● Collection/Monitoring of traffic statistics ● Discovery of topology ● Inventorying what devices are within the network and the capabilities of each device ● Interfaces with control logic (control “application”) via the northbound interface(s) ● Implements a southbound interface to interact with the data plane. ● Implements the control plane.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

293

Describe how the muscles in the front and back of the leg work together to make the dancer's foot point.

To help them stay up.

The muscle in the back of the leg (the gastrocnemius) contracts and the muscle in the front of the leg (the tibia) relaxes to make the foot point.

0

SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

4,104

In an SDN, switches maintain a pipeline of flow tables and a meter table. Summarize their respective functions in one sentence each.

The pipeline of flow tables: to support an entire switching pipeline of a typical hardware switch, then more switching functionalities and matching rules are supported when maintaining not only one flow table but also a sequence of flow tables (how to forward packets, outgoing ports for every packet). Meter table: is used to measure network statistics, which simply contains rows of meters and these meters can be manipulated in a similar manner to flows.

Meter table: collects flow statistics or contains meter entry per flow (0.25) which is taken into account by the controller for management of the network like QoS operation(rate-limiting being one of them). Flow pipeline: consists of flow tables that contain “rules” or fields (0.25) for packet forwarding(0.25) /actions to be taken on the packets or in other words it implements the routing logic in the switch

1

SAF

1

0.00008

107

What happens to the "collision domain diameter" if you use CSMA / CD and increase the speed of a network by a factor of 10, eg from 10Mb / s to 100Mb / s (all else being equal)?

The collision domain diameter at 100Mb/s is 1/10 of its number at 10Mb/s.

Diameter decreases by a factor of 10, e.g 300m to 30m.

1

SAF

1

0.00008

291

Consider the following scenario: You are browsing the web for a very specific and important piece of information. However, you are not quite sure how to find it and adopt an iterative process of refining your query after every search, depending on the shown results and a skim of the first few websites. Is it better to use a connection-oriented or connectionless service for your communication in this scenario? Explain your answer in 1-4 sentences.

I would prefer a connection-oriented approach in this case, but it's possible to make arguments for both systems. The short "bursty" communication is an argument for connectionless, but on the other hand this situation also behaves like a conversation, where you send something and then wait for the answer, what makes a connection-oriented service. A reliable connection is also often assumed when talking about connection-oriented, what makes me say that connection-oriented would be better for this communication.

Connectionless, because you will communicate with various partners (websites) for short periods of time. If you would initiate a connection with every website you skim, that would incur a lot of overhead in the connecting and disconnecting phase, just to have very short data transfers.

0.5

SAF

0.5

0.000227

463

Alice planted one radish seed in each of 5 separate pots (Pot one, Pot 2, Pot 3, Pot 4 and Pot 5). She used the same amount and the same kind of soil in each pot. She put them by the same window. The first graph shows the amount of water she put into each pot every day (Pot one got 5 milliliters, Pot 2 got 10 milliliters, Pot 3 got 15 milliliters, Pot 4 got 20 milliliters, and Pot 5 got 25 milliliters). The second graph shows the length of each root after 7 days (0 centimeters for Pot one, 4 centimeters for Pot 2, 8 centimeters for Pot 3, 5 centimeters for Pot 4, and 0 centimeters for Pot 5). What is the range of tolerance for water for these radish seeds? Explain how you decided the range of tolerance.

West one to 5, They have first and last one, they have most difference and I think the wet environment is the best, also the 15 milliliters water is the best.

10 milliliters to 20 milliliters. The radishes did not grow at all in pots one and 5 so the range of tolerance is for pots 2, 3 and 4, which got 10 to 20 milliliters of water.

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SciEntsBank

0

0.000092

162

Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.

Evaporation turns water in water vapor so water vapor get in the clouds. Condensation make water vapor turns into water and rain.

Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

4,209

Discuss 3 methods (each with at least one advantage and disadvantage) that address the problem of duplicate packets on the transport layer in a connection-oriented service.

TSAP is fast and simple, but is not always applicable. Individual conn identification individual PDU identification

1. to use temporarily valid TSAPs -method: -TSAP valid for one connection only -generate always new TSAPs -evaluation -in general not always applicable:-process server addressing method not possible, because -server is reached via　a designated/known TSAP - some TSAPs always exist as "well-known" 2. to identify connections individually -method: -each individual connection is assigned a new SeqNo and -endsystems remember already assigned SeqNo -evaluation -endsystems must be capable of storing this information -prerequisite: -connection oriented system (what if connection-less?) -endsystems, however, will be switched off and it is necessary that the information is reliably available whenever needed 3. to identify PDUs individually: individual sequential numbers for each PDU -method: -SeqNo basically never gets reset -e.g. 48 bit at 1000 msg/sec: reiteration after 8000 years -evaluation -higher usage of bandwidth and memory -sensible choice of the sequential number range depends on -the packet rate -a packet's probable "lifetime" within the network

0.75

SAF

0.75

0.000291

1,616

Mary told her friend Sharice that she had a rug to sell. Sharice asked if the rug would fit perfectly, wall to wall, in her bedroom. Mary went home and measured the rug. She put her feet heel-to-toe and counted the number of shoe lengths it took to measure the rug. She found the rug was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. Sharice did the same thing in her room to measure the space for the rug. Her floor was 18 shoes long and 12 shoes wide. A perfect fit! Sharice bought the rug and took it home. To her dismay, she found it was too short and too narrow for her bedroom! What could Mary and Sharice do to better measure the size of the rug?

They have to get a measure tape.

Use a standard unit of measurement such as centimeters or meters.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

2,674

Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 3 and the positive terminal.

same answer as above

Terminal 3 and the positive terminal are separated by the gap

0

Beetle

0

0.000812

1,795

Ron covered his notebook with waxed paper. Then he placed a small drop of water in the middle of the notebook as shown in the picture. Even though the drop was on a slope, the drop stayed where he placed it. Describe 2 ways Ron can make the water move down the notebook without pushing the drop or blowing on it.

And he can tip the wax paper upwards.

Expand the drop. Tilt the notebook.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,634

Which of these processes are involved in causing rain? A. evaporation B. condensation C. both evaporation and condensation. Explain your answer.

Because evaporation causes the water to go up in the air, and condensation makes clouds which eventually form precipitation or rain.

Water evaporates to form vapor. The vapor condenses to form raindrops.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

4,176

Pam sprayed water on her mother's car. The water drops looked just like those she had seen on other surfaces that do not absorb water. What property of water causes the drop to be shaped that way?

The surface tension of the car.

Surface tension causes the drop to form a dome or bead shape.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,109

Let us assume that you flip a coin 6 times where the probability of heads (H) showing up is 0.6. Please arrange the following events in the increasing order of their likelihood (i.e., least probable → most probable): ● Event A: you see at least three H’s ● Event B: you see the sequence HHHTTT ● Event C: you see exactly three H’s Include justification in your answer headers.

You can calculate the probabilities according to the binomial distribution.Event B: p = 0,013 Event C: p = 0,2765 Event A: p = 0,82

The correct sequence is BCA , where B is the least probable. One of the following justifications should be given: ● Event B is a subset/part/special case of C, and C is a subset/part/special case of A ● Event B is more specific/strict than C and C is more specific/strict than A ● An actual, correct calculation of the probabilities: ○ P(B) = 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.4 *0.4 = 0.6^3 *0.4^3 = 0.013824 ○ P(C) = (6 choose 3) * P(B) = 0.27648 ○ P(A) = P(C) + P(Y=4) + P(Y=5) + P(Y=6) = 1 - P(Y=0) - P(Y=1) - P(Y=2) = (6 choose 3) * 0.6^3 * 0.4^3 + (6 choose 4) * 0.6^4 * 0.4^2 +(6 choose 5) * 0.6^5 * 0.4 + (6 choose 6) * 0.6^6 = 0.27648 + 15 * 0.020736 + 6 * 0.031104 + 1 * 0.046656 = 0.8208 ○ The answer may be rounded to up to 2 decimal places, e.g. P(B) = 0.01 or P(B) = 0.014 ○ It is also sufficient to give a formula without the actual calculation, if it is apparent that P(B) less than P(C) less than P(A), e.g. by stating P(C) = 20 * P(B)

1

SAF

1

0.00008

265

Let us assume that you flip a coin 6 times where the probability of heads (H) showing up is 0.6. Please arrange the following events in the increasing order of their likelihood (i.e., least probable → most probable): ● Event A: you see at least three H’s ● Event B: you see the sequence HHHTTT ● Event C: you see exactly three H’s Include justification in your answer headers.

By calculating using the binomial distribution probability formula, it can be concluded that the probability of event C occurring is 0.2765. The probability of event A occurring is: P[event A]=P[you see exactly three H’s]+P[you see four H’s]+P[you see five H’s]+P[you see six H’s] =P(k=3)+P(k=4)+P(k=5)+P(k=6)= 0.2765+0.311+0.1866+0.0467=0.8208 (P is the binomial distribution) The probability of event B occurring is 0.6*0.6*0.6*0.4*0.4*0.4=0.013824. Therefore the order is event B to event C to event A.

The correct sequence is BCA , where B is the least probable. One of the following justifications should be given: ● Event B is a subset/part/special case of C, and C is a subset/part/special case of A ● Event B is more specific/strict than C and C is more specific/strict than A ● An actual, correct calculation of the probabilities: ○ P(B) = 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.4 *0.4 = 0.6^3 *0.4^3 = 0.013824 ○ P(C) = (6 choose 3) * P(B) = 0.27648 ○ P(A) = P(C) + P(Y=4) + P(Y=5) + P(Y=6) = 1 - P(Y=0) - P(Y=1) - P(Y=2) = (6 choose 3) * 0.6^3 * 0.4^3 + (6 choose 4) * 0.6^4 * 0.4^2 +(6 choose 5) * 0.6^5 * 0.4 + (6 choose 6) * 0.6^6 = 0.27648 + 15 * 0.020736 + 6 * 0.031104 + 1 * 0.046656 = 0.8208 ○ The answer may be rounded to up to 2 decimal places, e.g. P(B) = 0.01 or P(B) = 0.014 ○ It is also sufficient to give a formula without the actual calculation, if it is apparent that P(B) less than P(C) less than P(A), e.g. by stating P(C) = 20 * P(B)

1

SAF

1

0.00008

57

Anne is investigating which objects stick to magnets. She recorded this in her notebook. I was surprised! A nail was stuck to the magnet. When I accidentally touched the nail to a paperclip, the paperclip stuck to the nail. If Anne touched the nail to a brass ring, what do you think would happen and why?

I think the nail would stick to it because the nail will still have the magnetic force.

The brass ring would not stick to the nail because the ring is not iron. The nail is a temporary magnet, but brass cannot become a temporary magnet and thus does not stick to magnets.

1

SciEntsBank

0.333333

0.000241

518

Explain why you got a voltage reading of 1.5 for terminal 1 and terminal 6.

The terminals are not connected

Terminals 1 and 6 are separated by the gap

3

Beetle

1

0.00015

168

Kate said: "An object has to move to produce sound." Do you agree with her? Why or why not?

I agree because it has to vibrate and vibrating is moving.

Agree. Vibrations are movements. Vibrations produce sound.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

99

Only one circuit below will light the bulb. Which one will work? Why is that the only circuit that will work?

Because the shiny part and the wire is touching the black part.

That circuit is the only circuit that uses all of the correct contact points.

2

SciEntsBank

0.666667

0.000096

936

What is "frame bursting"? Also, give 1 advantage and disadvantage compared to the carrier extension.

in frame bursting the sender can transmit a concatenated sequence of multiple frames in a single transmission a disadvantage is that frames need to wait for the transmission, on the other hand it will have a better efficiency

Frame bursting reduces the overhead for transmitting small frames by concatenating a sequence of multiple frames in one single transmission, without ever releasing control of the channel. Advantage :it is more efficient than carrier extension as single frames not filled up with garbage. Disadvantage :need frames waiting for transmission or buffering and delay of frames

1

SAF

1

0.00008

58

The mangrove is a tree found only in saltwater environments. What would happen if you moved a mangrove tree to a freshwater environment? Explain your answer.

It would die because freshwater is out of the range of tolerance.

The mangrove tree would probably die or the tree would not grow well because the tree needs a saltwater environment. Water without salt is outside of the tree's range of tolerance for salt.

3

SciEntsBank

1

0.000056

3,821