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! ) \ dl« gjelation diese beiden Fragen verneint«, so ging der Antrag nur dabin: di« vier Petitionen der Regierung zu übersenden und e« dieser anheimzustellen, weitere Concessionen eintreten zu laffe». Indessen änderte der General-Sy,idicuS in der zweiten Sitzung seinen Antrag, indem er ihm eine im Sinne der Petenten erweiterte Fassung gab, nämlich der Regierung nur die Petitionen der Deutsch - Katholiken, nicht auch die gegen dieselben gerichtete zu übersenden, für da«, wag die Regierung den Petenten bereit« gewährt, den Dank der Stände auSzusprechen und der Regierung dabei zu geneigter Erwägung zu verstellen, ob denselben fernerr Concessio nen zu machen seien. Fand schon der erste Antrag Gegner, so ward der andere weiter gebende noch un gleich deftiger bekänipst, namentlich von den katholischen Mitgliedern der Kammer, Dom-Dechant Merz, Hofralb Serine« it. f. w., denen sich aber auch mehrere prote stantische Mitglieder, wie Eichhorn, Bacmeister u. a. in., anschlossen. Anderen Mitgliedern, wie Brensing, We- stkum rc., ging dieser Antrag noch nicht weit genug; do» wurden sowohl die weiter gebenden Anträge dieser Mitglieder, al« die entgegengesetzten der Gegner abge lehnt und der (erweiterte) Antrag de« General-Syndicu« mit 68 gegen 7 Stimmen angenommen. Der Beschluß der ersten Kammer, conform mit dem ersten nicht er weiterten Antrage (Uebersendung der Petitionen an die Regierung ohne Empfehlung), ward von zweiter Kam mer abgelehnt, da man durch Conferenz die Annahme de« diesseitigen weiter gehenden Beschlusse« zu erlangen hoffte. (H. C.) Hannover, vom 28. Mai. Unsere trüber auSge- sprochene Vermuthung, daß die neue Zprvceniige An leihe auf die Sparkassen zurückwirken und somit der gesteigerte ZinSsuß auch den Ersparnissen der minder Begüterten zu Gute kommen werde, Ist schon in Er füllung gegangen. Der Magistrat der Residenz macht gestern bekannt, daß die städtische Sparkasse in Folge jener Anleihe ihren Zinsfuß gleichfalls vom 1. Juli an von 2 aus z pCt. erhöben werde. Sie will aber nicht bloß dieselben, sondern noch größere Vortheile al« die neue Anleihe bieten, nämlich für alle Capitalien unter 500 »jß einmonarliche Kündigung annehmen, ja selbst sobald e« der Zustand der Kasse irgend erlaubt, wie bisher, auch künftig dieselben sofort ohne alle vorherige Kündigung zurückzahlen. Die StaakS-Anleihc läßt auch für die kleinsten zulässigen Capitalien (25 nur eine dreimonatliche Kündigung gelte». (H. C.) Oldenburg, vom 27. Mai. Se. königl. Hoheit der Gkoßherzog ist gestern wohlbehalten von seinem AuS- fluge nach Leipzig und Weimar zurückgekehrt und wirb demnächst seinen gewöhnlichen FrüblingSaufenthalt in dem Lttstschlvffe zu Rastede nehmen. Für den Sommer beabsichtigt derselbe, dem Vernehmen nach, Eurin auf mehrere Wochen zu besuchen. (Br. Z.) Hamburg, vom 29. Mai. In der am 28. d. zu Ludwigolust abgehaltenen General-Versammlung der Acrionaire der Berlin-Hamburger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ist einstimmig (von circa 2300 Stimmen) beschlossen: den Ausschuß zu befugen, den zur gänzlichen Herstellung mid zum Ausbau der Bahn mir dem nöthigen zweiten Geleise noch erforderlichen Geldbedarf von 5Mill.»-, auf die ihm am geeignetsten scheinende Art zu negv- T ,.D" Ausschuß har für dies Negoce-Geschäsk eine au« fünf Mitgliedern de« Ausschusses und der Di rection bestehende Commission — die HH. §o. Conrad, Hermann Dreyer, PaulMendel-sohn-Barkboldy, Moritz Skeinkhal und Director Coftenvble — rrpählr. (B. H.) Ş ch w e i z. Tessin. In Folge de« großrätblichen Beschlusse«, der alle Lebranstalren der Oberauisicht de« Staates un terwirft, wollten neulich der Sraarsschreiber Franscļnļ und der Director Curki da« von dem ErzdiSthum Mai land dotirte Seminar in Poleggio besuchen , nachdem, wie cS scheint, der Erzbischof erklärt batte, er würde auf keine Weise eine Inspection von Seiten der Staats behörde im dortigen Convict zugeben. In Abwesenheit de« Rector« erklärte ihnen der Vicerector, daß ihnen der Zutritt in die Anstalt nicht gestattet werden könne. Die Ermahnungen der Abgeordnete» führten zu nicht«; selbst der Rath, der Vicerector möchte den Besuch un ter Vorbehalt der dem Erzbischof zustehenden Rechte gestatten, blieb unbeachtet. Unter solchen Umständen wurde Strenge angewendet. Die Abgeordneten erklär ten den Vicerector Rosst, ihrer Vollmacht gemäß, für suSpendirt, und kündigten idm an, daß er, al« Fremder sogleich den Canto» zu verlassen habe. Ein Lehrer, Muller von Lugano, der die Protestation de« Vicerec- korS ustkerstuyte, wurde ebenfalls suSpendirt und ihm angekündigt, daß er denselben Tag noch auS dem Se minar auStreken inichte. Der Beichtvater der Anstalt, Martiiivli, ließ sich bewegen, einstweilen die Direction derselben zu übernehmen. - Der Grosse Rath in Tessin b" j«lle Maßregeln der Regierung völlig gebilligt und ihr mit großer Mehrheit weitere Vollmachten ein- ?#n Deseiklgung aller der Ausübung de« Ge- Hindernisse. Die Anstalt wird in, ,?"£ Ràung de« Staate« fortbestehen, kann"» Und e? ÎÎL "sonderlichen Subsidien zuer- A".şi'^?'à«sch»f »doch, entschlossen, um kein Iota zu weichen, hak sogleich den Befehl abgehen lassen, îchc Schüler» 40 bi« 45 on der Zahl, zu verab- schieden, wa« schon seit mehreren Tagen ausgeführt seyn wird. Auf Befehl der Regierung wird die dewegliche und unbewegliche Habe de« Seminar« inventarisirk, wozu auch die Abgeordneten de« Erzbischofs die Hand biete». — Ein Berichterstatter, der gegen de» Erzbischof Partbei nimmt, sagt: E« unterliegt keinem Zweifel, daß die Geistlichen und andere dem Erzbischof blindling- ergebene Personen »ach Kräite» bemüht sind, in dem Liviner und dem Blenier Tbale, wo die abgedankten Sludirenden der sind, Uiijusriedenbeik gegen die Canto- nalbel'örden zu verbreiten. Die Regierung jedoch ist lorer «acbe zu sicher; der ganze übrige Theil des Can- '?"^ Est vollkommen ruhig; da« feste Benehmen der obersten Räthe der Republik (Tessin ist ein ganz karbo- Iischer (.anton- wird fast allgemein gebilligt, da sie den unlängst erlassenen Gesetze» über die Lehranstalten und die religiösen Corporakionen gemäß gehandelt haben. 575 A t a I i e n. Rom, vom 15. Mai. Au« der Romagna und der Mark Ancona nicht« Neue« von Bedeutung. Die Car dinallegaten von Ravenna. Ferrara, Bologna, Forli und Ancona bieten in diesem Augenblicke da« Mögliche auf, die Verwaltung ihrer Provinzen im Sinne deS Volk- weiter zu führen, und verabsäumen keine Gelegenheit, der Popularität mit Anstand und Haltung zu huldigen. Die Regierung imponier den Mißvergnügten durch neue Militairmaßregeln, UnlersuchuiigSconimissare und An schließen an die ihr befreundeten Nachbarstaaten, welche in den Feinden de« Kirchenstaat« auch ihre Feinde be kämpfen. Aber weder für die gütlichen Maßregeln der Legalen noch für daö von dem Gouvernement durch seine bewaffnete Macht Beabsichtigte findet sich bei der Mehr zahl der Unlerrhanen jener Gegenden Anerkennung oder Sympathie. Man fühlt sich nicht glücklich, denn man bar von der Noth deS Lebens viel zu leiden, und die Aussicht in die Zukunft ist getrübt. Vor Allem kann man e« nicht verzeihen, daß die Schweizerregimenler noch jüngst wieder von den Alpen der ne» recrutirt wurden und den doppelten Sold der übrigen eingebore nen Truppen beziehen. Daher immer wiederholte Feind seligkeiten und leidenschaftliche AuSbrüche gegen einzelne Individuen derselben. General Zamboni hat unter die sen Umständen der Presidenza belle arm! den Vorschlag gemacht, die Krieg-reserven in den Provinzen, insofern sie aus Civilgai de bestehen, mobil zu machen und einem Theile der fremden Bataillone zu substituiren und jene zu entlasse». Der Pia» kommt, von einem Manne, wel cher die Stimmung der Gemüther in den Provinzen genau kennt und besser als irgend ein Anderer weiß, ob und wie viel bei der Ausführung desselben für die In teressen der Regierung gewagt wird. Doch bören wir, daß mehrere Cardinäle von Einfluß ihre Bedenken we gen der Ausführung dieser Maßregel in der letzten dieserdalb gehaltenen Congregation mit vielem Nachdruck au-gesprochei, haben sollen. (D. A. Z.) D n 1 st n ö. Rendsburg. Der in der Bankversammlung am 14. d. M. gestellte Antrag, wegen Errichtung eine- Comptoirs de« schleSwigbolsteinischen BanquiergeschäftS hier in Rendsburg, welcher von mehreren Seiten auf« kräftigste unterstützt wurde, wird, wie wir vernehmen, bereit« in n ähere Erwägung gezogen. Es circuli« gegenwärtig unter den Aerzten unserer Stadt eine Petition um Trennung der Medicinalver- waltuna in unseren Herzogkbümern von der medicinischen Facultär in Kiel und Errichtung eines neuen SaniräkS- collegiumS in Schleswig, welche« mit der schleSwigbol steinischen Regierung in unmittelbarer Verbindung stehen soll. Die wohlgeschriebene Petition ist im Amte Rends burg von allen Aerzten, denen sie zugesandt worden ist, unterschrieben. Die Milch- und Molken-Heilanstalk de« Herrn Dr. Rosendahl in Nortvrff, welche zu Anfang diese« Monat« eröffnet wurde, zählt bereit« 28 Eurgàste, theilweise au« entfernteren Gegenden. AIS Repräsentant der hiesigen Liedertafel wird der Advocat Baudiy in den ersten Tagen de« nächsten Monat« zum deutsch-vlämischen Sängerfeste nach Köln abreisen. Von Seiten der Liedertafel in Lübeck ist an die unsrige eine Einladung zur Theilnahme an einem großen, dort im nächsten Jabre zu haltenden deutsch- skandinavischen Sàngerfefte ergangen. In der am 2Z. d. M. gehaltenen General-Versammlung der Lieder- taşel würd? d?r Ņ-ş<hl,,K st* anzuschließen. Am norddeutschen Sängerfeste ^inH- vurg, den 26. und 27. Juli, werden 14 active Mitglie der unserer Liedertafel Theil nehmen. (Wochenbl.) Preetz, vom 27. Mai. Unser Klvsterprvbst, Herr Gras F. von Mevenklou, Ist vor 8 Tagen nach Dresden gereller, um entweder die böhmischen oder die süddeut- zur Stärkung selnerGesundheit z» gebrau- »"stibe freilich vor seiner Abreise die Hvffninig ausgesprochen, wo möglich zur Zeit der hol- steinischen Skändeversammlung zurückzukehren und der er a 7^ '"deß hinzugefügt ist, daß Letzte- reö ledenfaUS von seinem Befinden und von dem AuS- spruch der^ Aerzte abhängig bleiben müsse. (Wochnbl.) Ploen. Mit den Vorarbeiten zum Nivellement der Neumunster-Neustädter Eisenbahn aus unserem Terrain ist man gegenwärtig beschäftigt. Den Signalstangen nach zu urtheilen wird die Bahn unsern Schloßgarken der Länge nach durchschneiden, sich dann durch einen Theil de« «roßen See« sorrziehen und ihren Lauf über den sogenannten hohen Berg fortsetzen. Daß die Wasser bauten einen bedeutenden Kostenaufwand erfordern wer den, unterliegt wohl keinem Zweifel. Zum Behuf die ser Vorarbeiten haben im Schloßgarten bereit« einige Bäume gefällt werden müssen. (PI. D. Bl.) (Eutin.) Auch von unsrer Regierung ist eine Be kanntmachung dabin erlassen, daß Se. königl. Hob. der Grvhherzog die Vornahme der Vorarbeiten de« Nivelle ment« der Neumünster-Neustädter Eisenbahnlinie, so weit sie da« Furstenthum treffen wird, jedoch unter dem Vorbehalte höchst genebmigk haben, daß den betref fenden Grundbesitzern nach Uebcreinkunst oder Taxation, deren Grundsätze von der Regierung näher bestimmt werden, von der Eutiner Committee-Section Ersatz für ekwanige Schäden zu leisten sei. (Pl. D. Bl.) SchleSwig.holsteinisches Bank-Institut. Die in dielen Tagen im Druck erschienene "Rechenschaft über Einnahme und Ausgabe de« fchieSwig-holsteinschen Bank- Institut« für da« Iabr vom 1. August 1844 bi« zum 3l. Juli 184;, nebst dingesügkem Statu«" zeigt, daß in dem genannten Jahre 660,922 Mbkblr. 48 b,.l an die Naliviialbank abbezahlt sind und da« Institut der Bank an Zettels»,,ld am zi.Iuli 184; noch zu bezahlen balle £00,115 Rbkdlr. 81 tffi. Die rückständigen Bankzinsen betrugen dagegen 110» 612,817 Rbihlr. 27 l>!. woiunter »» ledvch an Bankzinsen für beizoglich angustenburgis»c und großberzoal. vldenburgische bestrittene Bankhasten P111 1845 ein Belauf von 388,1*71 Ml'tblr. 1! lyj befindet. — Einer endlichen schließlichen Liqui dation wird man nun hoffentlich baldigst entgegensehen vurflkn. Gesetzgebung »ud Verwaltung. Sin Men'tek'am- mer-Palent vom Zc>. April betrifft die zur Ausschreibung von allgemeinen LandeSkuhren, von Communal- und Do» manlalsuhren in den Herzogkbümern Schleswig und Hol» st«'» berechtigten Beamten. Behörden und Oiflcialen, Mit Bezugnahme auf die Verordnung vom 17. Decbr. 184Z wegen Megulirung. der Freiiuhren. Eine Bekanntmachung der General-Zollkammer bringt einige mit dem ersten Juni in Kraft tretende Mo- dlficakionen de« den Zolltarif ftir de» schleSwig-holstel. Nischen Canal betreffenden Patent« vom 2Z. März 1842 zur Kunde. Hinsichtlich deS Verbot« der Einfuhr von Hornvieh über die südliche holsteinische LandeSgränze sind auf Vorstellung der Kanzelei durch allerhöchste Resolution vom 15. d. M. (wahrscheinlich mit Rücksicht auf die Tbeurung deS Fleische«) Erleichrerungen gestattet wor den, unter Vorbehalt der nöthigen Vorsichtsmaßregeln gegen daSEinschleppen derViebleuche. Sie betreffen da von Bewohnern Altona« den Winker über im Stall ge habte Vieb, insofern es al« unverdächtig anzusehen, und daS etwa im bevorstehenden Sommer auf Weiden außerhalb der Zolllinie gebrachte Vieh; da- bei den Zollbehörden zu meldende Vieh wirb indessen nur auf einen Schein beeidigter Thierärzte zugelassen. Preise der Fonds an auKwàrtļgen Börsen. Paris, vom 26. Mai: 3 pCt. 81,iO, à pCt. 119,80. Svan. 5 pCt. 32%, 3 pCt. 38%. Amsterdam, vom 27.Mai: Ink. 2% »Et. 60%. Span. 5 pCt. ,9-%«. Frankfurt, vom 27. Mai: 5 vCt. Metall. «11*%«, 4 pCt. 100%. Bankacrien 1886. G» Poel, al« Herausgeber und Hauvtredacccur. Schiffs Nachrichten Aus der Expedition des Telegraphen. Zu Cuxhaven angekommene Schiffe: Am 89. Mary (engl. Brigg), Capt. Davison, von Newcastle; Susannah (engl. Brigg), Howe, v. Sunder land; Breakwater (engl.Brigg), Pererbridge, v. do.; Adeleff (engl. S»o.), Talbot, v. do.; Metta Margretha (bàn. Gll«.), Breckwoldt, v. Amsterdam; Branstvn (cngk, Brigg), Barker, v.MiddleSbrv; Navigateur (dän. Scho.), Oestmann, v. Shield«. Die dän. Brigg Emilie ist um 81 Uhr Morgen« und der dän. Schoner Apollo um 12s Uhr Mittag« klarirt und ausgesegelt. Angekommene Schiffe in Altona. Den 29. Mai (außer den gestern gemeldeten): Schiffs-Name r Schiffen kommt von.' Titania, H. Dreyer, Harwich. Drei Gebrüder, R. F. Eckhof, Newcastle. Nimrod, B. Pickenpack, Middleöbroe. Den 30. Mai: Susannah, I. Howe, Sunderland. Navigateur, I. H. Oestmann. St. David«. _ 3us. 5 (381-385). Wafferstand der Elbe. Bei Magdeburg r Am 27. Mai: am alten Pegel loZoll unter o, am neuen Pegel 6 Fuß 3 Zoll. Waaren - Auktionen in Hamburg. DlenStag, 2. Juni, Vorm. loUhr, Admiralitàtstr.Nr.78, I P. Marpland-Taback. . iiumuurļļ, vom 30, Cours von Staats-Papieren und Actien. DUnUche 3 pCt. Engl. Anl. in £ Casta National - Bank - Actien. . . . Hamb. 31 pCt. F.-Cassen-St.-Anl. Cassa Hamburger Staals-Prüinien-Okliga tionen Hamb.-Merged. Eisenb.-Act. o.G. 4s Cassa Hamb.-BeriinerEisenb.-Act.QiiiU.-Bogen Altona - Kieler Eisenbahn - Actien mit Zins-Vergütung h 4 pCt. vom 1. Januar GlUckstadt-Elmshorn. Eisenbahn-Actien Rendsburg-Neumiinster do. Kopenhagen-Rothschild-Quitt.-Bogen . .j Hanseat. Dampfschifffahrts-Actien o. D, 109V* Angekommene Fremde in Altona. Holsteinisches Hans: Güli'ch, Ober- Landgericht«» Advocat, «. Holstein; B Levekk. Kfm., ». Stettin. Bei lim. 8chiitz am Rathhausmarkt: J, A. Dabmlo« Handel«mann, v. Preetz. Graafs Gasthof: Q. C.and. Tbeol., v. Dockenbuden; E. Swmidk. Kunst! gärtner, v. Flotkbeck. Zur deutschen Eiche (Bahnhof- strasse): T. Ebel, Kfm, v. Hamburg. Bel Hm. L. Ockelmann (Petersen's Nachfolger) an. RathhausmarkU ©«lemon, Äfm., v. Kassel; Siever«, Sattler, v. Glück- stadt, Schellhorn, Tischlermeister, nebst Fra», v. Bet» Goldarbeiter, v. Bautzen; Deu«, Làŗ, nebst Frau, v. Holtenau; Schulz, Commi«, v. Kiel. n^îiņgekommene Fremd« in Hamburg. Botel dAngleterre: Skrvpp, Geb. Iustizratb. n. Dt'lw 'Gardner, Kfm., nebst Frau,.v. Bremen? »lever', ļlàtel; Dr. Weißbrod, Mechanicu«, ».München. Hàtel de Bavlöre: Richter, Kfm., v. Bockenheim; Ducket«, Capikain, nebst Frau, v. London; v. Herrmann, nebst Familie, v. Lyon: Andröe, v. Moskau; Ever«, Kfm., v. Franksurk. Alsier-ilüiel: A. v. d. Veen Oomkea«, v. Gröningtn; S. Graupe, v. PokSdam; Fel. N. Jack, v. Wusterhausen; D. Levyn, nebst Familie, v. Berlin, htrelt's Hötel: Graf F. de Hoin u. B- Wolfram, Osfl- cler, a. Schweden; Ş. Ozervff. Obrist, P. Müller u. Gregorieff, StaakSrätbe, M. v. Taukert u. v. Peks»e- rine, Capikaine, Leviyev. Collegienralb, Zinorkeff, Osff- cier, nebst Fra», F. Forsck', Kim., nebst Famļli'e, R. Hairland, engl. KabinetS-Kurier u. Hvkrowo, Hoftath, v. St. Petersburg; FabriciuS, Zucker - M-sfinadeur, uni .7>uniir . 41. 'f uiru'd/ ,1» l I«e. , v, - , - - - - berk, V. Havre u. a. Fr. Maiel zum Kroniirinzen: C. yiogge, Kfm. u. N. Şloff, Capikain, v. Bcrzcn; C.
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Online adaptive radiotherapy and dose delivery accuracy: A retrospective analysis
Abstract Purpose With online adaptive radiotherapy (ART), patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) testing cannot be performed prior to delivery of the adapted treatment plan. Consequently, the dose delivery accuracy of adapted plans (i.e., the ability of the system to interpret and deliver the treatment as planned) are not initially verified. We investigated the variation in dose delivery accuracy of ART on the MRIdian 0.35 T MR‐linac (Viewray Inc., Oakwood, USA) between initial plans and their respective adapted plans, by analyzing PSQA results. Methods We considered the two main digestive localizations treated with ART (liver and pancreas). A total of 124 PSQA results acquired with the ArcCHECK (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, USA) multidetector system were analyzed. PSQA result variations between the initial plans and their respective adapted plans were statistically investigated and compared with the variation in MU number. Results For the liver, limited deterioration in PSQA results was observed, and was within the limits of clinical tolerance (Initial = 98.2%, Adapted = 98.2%, p = 0.4503). For pancreas plans, only a few significant deteriorations extending beyond the limits of clinical tolerance were observed and were due to specific, complex anatomical configurations (Initial = 97.3%, Adapted = 96.5%, p = 0.0721). In parallel, we observed an influence of the increase in MU number on the PSQA results. Conclusion We show that the dose delivery accuracy of adapted plans, in terms of PSQA results, is preserved in ART processes on the 0.35 T MR‐linac. Respecting good practices, and minimizing the increase in MU number can help to preserve the accuracy of delivery of adapted plans as compared to their respective initial plans.
setup scans. 1,2 Adaptive radiotherapy (ART), which considers daily modifications in organs at risk (OAR) and target volumes, makes it possible to ensure that dose constraints are respected, while achieving optimal target volume coverage. 3 In our institution, the MRIdian has been in use since June 2019, for ART oriented toward stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of abdominal tumors, mostly of the liver and pancreas. 4 During IMRT, the respect of good clinical practices requires the performance of patient specific quality assurance (PSQA) measurements for each treatment plan, in order to assess and validate its dose delivery accuracy. 5 The accuracy of dose delivery can be defined as the ability of a system to interpret and deliver a treatment plan as it was generated in the treatment planning system (TPS). During online ART processes, it is not possible to include the PSQA step, because of the presence of the patient on the treatment table, and also due to time pressure. [6][7][8] Consequently, the accuracy of delivery of the adapted plans cannot be verified before treatment.
Several studies have focused on the evaluation of ART processes using end-to-end anthropomorphic phantoms. [9][10][11][12][13] Recently, Elter et al. 9 evaluated the process in a realistic way using a deformable anthropomorphic pelvic phantom, with 3D dose distribution assessment through gel detectors. These studies have provided interesting evaluations of the ART process in specific cases, but did not evaluate overall adapted plan delivery accuracy.
In this context, we sought to investigate the impact of the ART process on the delivery accuracy of adapted treatment plans, in a retrospective evaluation of 3Dγ pass rates of PSQA performed after delivery of adapted plans. To this end, over 100 PSQA results from adapted plans for liver and pancreas treatments performed with the ArcCHECK (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, USA) were analyzed, and compared to the PSQA of the initial treatment plans. Our primary objective was to verify whether the 3Dγ pass rate of adapted plans is maintained with the specific practices applied during the ART process. Indeed, the manufacturer (Viewray Inc.) recommend paying particular attention to the variation in monitor unit (MU) number during the ART process, because of its influence on the irradiation time, and possibly on the plan delivery accuracy. We therefore studied the variation in MU number between the initial and adapted plans,and compared it to the PSQA results.
To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the PSQA dilemma during the ART process, using appropriate statistical testing. For our institution, this study was a key step towards validating our clinical and dosimetric practices, in order to justify the withdrawal of adapted plan PSQA from our ART workflow.
General description
The MRIdian ART process is a succession of welldefined steps that must be strictly followed, in order to ensure accurate delivery of treatment (Figure 1).At each fraction, a daily MRI scan of the patient is initially performed and registered to the primary planning image, considering the gross tumor volume (GTV) or the clinical target volume (CTV). In this study, each treatment considered was planned and delivered in a specific and reproducible breath-hold position defined at the simulation step. In addition to the importance of patient installation, using the appropriate positioning and immobilization devices, strict control of correct breath-holding during the daily MR acquisition is required, to reduce excessive body variations, and to limit variations in the internal structures, as compared to the primary planning image. Then, the initial planning contours and electron density map are adapted to the daily MR image, respectively by a radiation oncologist and a physicist. The approach applied is based on that described by Bohoudi et al. 14 consisting of limited checks and correction for daily changes within a distance of 3 cm from the planning target volume (PTV). This method assumes that this region includes the highest dose gradients, with the possible hot spot variations significantly affecting OAR doses. According to the prescribed dose, sensitive OAR initially defined by the radiation oncologist are re-considered daily in the ART workflow. An optimized PTV is generated daily with the help of cropping rules to spare OAR according to their position with regard to the CTV. Then, the original treatment plan is recalculated using the adapted contours of the day. By comparing the daily dose distribution to the initially planned dose distribution, the radiation oncologist can choose to treat with the initial plan (i.e. no adaptation) or to adapt the treatment plan. The adapted plan is obtained by performing TPS re-optimization, taking into account the daily optimized PTV as the target volume. In case of adaptation, the only QA available before irradiation is a secondary Monte Carlo dose calculation (for TPS calculation verification) performed with gamma index analysis. Immediately before delivering the adapted plan, the settings of the gating process are entered, and the feasibility is verified as follows: (i) delineation of the tracked volume, (ii) definition of the gating limits, adjusting the "beam on" window, and (iii) preview of the gating process on a live sagittal slice MR image. F I G U R E 1 MRIdian fraction workflow: systematic steps (blue) and additional steps for ART workflow (yellow).
2.1.2
Online adaptation: optimization practices and MU considerations Re-optimization can be performed at three levels of complexity: first, simple segment-weight optimization; second,fluence re-optimization based on the original set of planning parameters, or third, full optimization based on modified and adapted objectives. [14][15][16][17][18] The irradiation conditions will logically be changed, whatever the optimization choice, and in particular, the MU number.
In our institution, the initial plan settings are kept during re-optimization, in order to limit sources of variation as much as possible, in particular the beam number with associated angles, and the maximal number of IMRT step-and-shoot segments that are fixed. A specific and unique maximal number of segments is set for each initial plan of each patient.
Online plan adaptation needs to be performed as quickly as possible because of the presence of the patient in the treatment position. 14 For each step, the therapist, radiation oncologist and medical physicist have to be well trained to optimize their operating time. In this context, the re-optimization step should not increase the delivery time, which is classically high (often around 10 min) on the MRIdian Linac with a global ART fraction duration than can exceed an hour. 19 This issue is of paramount importance, especially for abdominal treatments, such as those considered in this study, which are delivered in the breath-hold position. An increase in the delivery time will increase the number of apneas required to deliver the entire treatment,with the risk of tiring the patient. In this situation, repeating and reproducing the right breath-old position could be complicated for the patient, to the detriment of target volume coverage. 20
Description of the treatment plans
For this study, we included the treatment plans of 30 patients treated for abdominal tumors, namely: 15 patients treated for liver cancer and 15 patients treated for pancreatic cancer. For each patient, SBRT was prescribed and treated over a maximum of 10 days. The dose prescribed is adjusted by the radiation oncologist considering the proximity of certain OARs. This aspect is one of the main differences between these two cancer localizations, as the number of highly radiosensitive OARs is lower around the liver than around the pancreas, which is surrounded by digestive structures (duodenum, bowel, or stomach). Consequently, the level of dose prescription is often higher for liver tumors (40, 45, or 50 Gy in five fractions of 8, 9, or 10 Gy) compared to pancreatic tumors (30, 35, or 40 Gy delivered in five fractions of 6, 7, or 8 Gy). Thus, a total of 30 initial treatment plans plus their adapted fractions were considered in this study. Among the 150 treatment fractions, a total of 124 were adapted (82%), mainly due to OAR modifications and dose constraint failures. In the large majority of cases, re-optimization was done with the original planning parameters. For liver plans, the mean and standard deviation for beam number was 15 ± 3 (median: 16, range [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]) and for segment number was 53 ± 9 (median: 52, range [37-76]). For pancreas plans, the mean and standard deviation for beam number was 16 ± 2 (median: 15, range [14][15][16][17][18][19]) and for segment number was 57 ± 6 (median: 59, range [49-68]).
Assessment of dose delivery accuracy
The dosimetric plan quality as described by Moore et al. 21 was not evaluated in this study. We assumed that the clinical evaluation and validation of adapted plans was optimal, and equivalent between each adapted plan and its corresponding initial plan. Only the variation in the accuracy of dose delivery was considered, and defined here as a variation in PSQA 3Dγ analysis results.
To this end, in addition to the 30 PSQA measurements from the initial treatment plans, we also calculated and analyzed PSQA measurements for the 124 adapted fractions after treatment delivery. To do this, the Arc-CHECK cylindrically shaped QA device was used. It is made of PMMA with an outer diameter of 26.6 cm and an inner cavity diameter of 15.1 cm. The device includes 1386 diode detectors of a size of 0.8 × 0.8 mm 2 , helically arranged at a physical depth of 2.9 cm. An TA B L E 1 Gamma index analysis limits. MRI-compatible device was used for this study, and previously validated on the MRIdian system. 22 The ArcCHECK software system, called SNC Patient (version 8.4) enables comparison between the measured and planned dose, with global or local gamma index analysis. Considering the bore design of the MRIdian system and its limited diameter (70 cm), the ArcCHECK can be lateralized in order to center the device on the significant isodose and optimize the consistency of the PSQA. This process has been validated in a previous study. 23 Systematically, the same positioning of the ArcCHECK was used for adapted plan checks, as that used for the initial plan.
Considering that this study used SBRT, gamma index pass rates were analyzed with a dose difference and distance to agreement (DTA) threshold of respectively 2% and 2 mm, with a 10% dose threshold. Firstly, global normalization was considered in the analysis for its superior clinical relevance. 5 Nevertheless, local normalization was also analyzed because of its sensitivity to the high dose gradient often observed in SBRT treatment. Consequently, both forms of analysis are of value in characterizing the dose delivery accuracy.
The action limits (ALim) and tolerance limits (TLim) were defined according to the procedure described by Miften et al., 5 offering a process view including all sources of variation. The TLim is the minimum value that keeps the process unchanged. The ALim is the minimum acceptable performance value and is lower than the TLim. If a result is lower than the TLim but outside the ALim, the physicist has to determine whether or not action should be taken. 5 For ease of use, the TLim clinically applied is the calculated TLim, rounded up to the nearest multiple of five, and thus, more restrictive.
All the values are summarized in Table 1.
Consequently, the clinical TLim of the gamma index pass rate was set for local and global dose difference analysis at respectively 85.0% and 95.0%.
Influence of MU number
During initial user training, the manufacturer (Viewray Inc.) usually recommends containing and limiting the MU increase to +20% of the initial plan's MU number during the ART process. As the dose rate is constant on the MRIdian (600 MU/min 1 ), the MU number is a relevant parameter to characterize the total delivery time, considering that the number of segments is unchanged. Variations in plan complexity cannot be completely characterized using only MU number variation. Nevertheless, absent other plan complexity indices, it could be of direct help for the users if a relation is established between treatment PSQA result variation and MU number variation.
In this context, variation in MU number distribution was plotted for each adapted plan ( Figure 2) and then investigated to analyze our practices and their possible impact on PSQA 3Dγ analysis results. For each adapted plan, differences in PSQA pass rates between the initial plan and the adapted plan were calculated and plotted according to relative variation in MU number (Figures 3 and 4).
2.5
Statistical analysis PSQA pass rates are described as mean values with standard deviation (SD). Medians and range were also calculated. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess the difference between the mean values of initial versus adapted PSQA. Correlations between PSQA pass rate variations and relative MU variations were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient. All tests were two-sided, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
Global approach
In a first approach, PSQA results were considered for each localization (liver and pancreas). Table 2 presents the means and medians of local and global initial and adapted gamma index pass rates for all patients. For liver and pancreas cancer patients, there was no significant difference in global mean value whereas there was a significant difference in local mean value.
Consequently, no significant impairment of PSQA results was observed based on the global analysis. Nevertheless, based on local analysis, there was a significant degradation in 3Dγ results between the initial and the adapted PSQA.The degradation was greater for pancreas plans than for liver plans (−0.7% vs. −1.5%).
The mean values were within the TLim (85.0% for local pass rate and 95.0% for global pass rate) for each group.
F I G U R E 2 Distribution of MU relative difference between adapted plans and their respective initial plan. Liver plans are represented on the left side and Pancreas plans are represented on the right side. The red lines represent the +20% limit suggested by the manufacturer.
F I G U R E 3 PSQA results variation for liver patient according to the MU variation between the initial and each adapted plan.
F I G U R E 4 PSQA results variation for Pancreas patient according to the MU variation between the initial and each adapted plan. TA B L E 2 Global and local initial and adapted PSQA ArcCHECK gamma pass rates for the liver and pancreas. Table 3 lists the number of PSQA results among the adapted plans that did not satisfy the clinical TLim. For liver plans, only three global PSQA results of the adapted plans fell outside the clinical TLim, with a limited decrease in the pass rate: 94.8% for two plans and 94.6% for one. All the local analysis PSQA results satisfied the clinical TLim of 85.0%. Consequently, the PSQA results of all the adapted liver plans were clinically acceptable and validated.
Detailed analysis
For pancreas plans, 14 global PSQA results from the adapted plans failed to satisfy the clinical TLim, accounting for around 22% of all fractions. For local analysis PSQA results, the clinical TLim was not satisfied for three adapted plans, whereas the calculated TLim was satisfied.
Unlike liver plans, the PSQA results of several adapted plans for the pancreas were impacted, with 14 failed plans according to the global analysis. Nevertheless, 10 of these 14 plans were in agreement with the calculated TLim (92.8%).
Finally four plans did not satisfy the clinical TLim for the global analysis. Nevertheless, for two of these four plans, the impairment to PSQA results was limited, and the global pass rates (respectively 90.6% and 92.2%) were above the ALim (90.2%). For the two most substantially deteriorated adapted plans, global pass rates outside the ALim were observed, at respectively 87.5% and 89.6%, accounting for 1.6% of all adapted plans included in this study.
Influence of variations in MU on PSQA results
MU number variation was analyzed because of its relation to the time pressure of the ART process, and because of the possible impact of an increase in MU number on the complexity and dose delivery accuracy of the plan.
First, we calculated the variation in MU between the initial and the adapted plan, for both localizations. The distribution of the differences is shown in Figure 2.
For most plans, the increase in MU number was contained, and within the maximum limit of +20% recommended by the manufacturer. For some plans, an increase of the MU number beyond the +20% limit, and beyond +40% in a small number of cases,was observed for both types of tumor. Considering these distributions and the high number of substantial variations in MU number, we investigated the influence on PSQA results. To this end,the variation in PSQA results as a function of the variation in MU number for each adapted plan was calculated and is plotted in Figures 3 and 4, respectively for liver and pancreas global and local analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficients for each group are detailed in Table 4.
For liver global analysis, there was a significant inverse correlation between PSQA result variation and MU variation, whereas there was no statistically significant correlation between liver local analysis PSQA results and MU variation. For the pancreas, for both global and local analysis, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between PSQA result variation and MU variation (Table 4).
Overall, with the exception of liver local analysis PSQA results, we noted a significant deterioration in PSQA results with increasing MU number. These results were confirmed by the results of the linear regression, showing a linear trend (Figures 3 and 4).
DISCUSSION
PSQA results of the adapted plans mostly showed limited degradation of dose delivery accuracy. In particular, for liver plans, the level of PSQA results remained within the limits of clinical tolerance in all cases. For pancreas adapted plans, some significant deteriorations in PSQA results were observed, but corresponded to complex configurations. Indeed, the four most impacted plans were from patients treated for synchronous double lesions situated in close proximity to one another (distance <5 cm). 4 These synchronous treatments are complex, in particular because of the limitation of the dose contribution between both plans. Consequently, according to the accuracy of the repositioning of the patient and the modification of the OAR position or the distance between the two lesions, re-optimization during the adaptive process could increase the plan complexity in terms of MU number or segment shapes. This likely explains why deteriorations in PSQA pass rates were mainly observed in these patients. Intuitively, the more OARs that are associated with the ART process, the harder it is to plan the treatment. For most liver plans, only one or two OARs were included in the ART process, whereas up to five OARs had to be taken into consideration for pancreas plans. This anatomical configuration logically influences the accuracy of dose delivery in ART. Nevertheless, severe degradations beyond the ALim were only observed for two pancreas plans. For one of these, the increase in MU number was >50%, and was attributed to a sudden change of the optimization parameters by the physicist. When we reviewed this plan, we deemed that the change was not imperative and should have been avoided in order to remain in compliance with good practices. Moreover, this change occurred at the beginning of our experience with the ART process, explaining why we did not find an optimal alternative to change this MU deviation. Considering the good target coverage and the respect of the dose constraints to the OAR, the plan was delivered nonetheless. The change in dose delivery accuracy was pointed out after the delivery with PSQA measurements. With our experience, we would not have treated this plan now.
Because of the increased delivery time and the reduced dose delivery accuracy, it is important to follow good practices by carefully and gradually changing the optimization settings. The variation in MU should be systematically evaluated prior to plan delivery. Indeed, in addition to tiring the patient, we observed clear evidence of a tendency for the dose delivery accuracy of the plan to decrease with increasing MU number.
Although it is in line with good practices to keep the beam configuration and optimization parameters unchanged, the MU number may increase significantly. Indeed, as illustrated in Figure 5, changes in the shape or position of OARs can impact on target volume shrinkage, and consequently, on the complexity of the target volume shape. Furthermore, a reduction in the distance between the OAR and the target volume can require a steeper dose gradient to satisfy dose constraints. These configurations may lead to more complex planning, with a resultant significant increase in MU.
In light of the results of this study, our institution decided to stop performing adapted fraction PSQA after delivery. Even if an initial plan may potentially never proceed to treatment delivery, it still has to be verified, to check the constancy in our dosimetric practices, and in order to use it as a predictive index for the dose delivery accuracy of adapted plans. The present study was performed on only two cancer sites, but the decision to stop PSQA was made for all adapted localizations, on the assumption that the pancreas is the most complicated and sensitive localization and we follow the same practices for each site. To the best of our knowledge, most MRIdian users do not perform PSQA measurements for their adapted plans, because it is very time consuming. For those who perform post-delivery PSQA measurements, our investigation describes a means to discontinue PSQA measurements without changing the quality assurance process. It should be noted however that this work was validated only for two localizations, and within the specific conditions of planning, adapting, and measuring implemented in our study. Further validation is required, especially for users working in different conditions, before stopping adapted plan PSQA measurements.
One limitation of this study is that the dose delivery accuracy was assessed solely on the basis of PSQA measurement obtained with the ArcCHECK, which itself presents several limitations to its performance that may have impacted our results. 24 To be more comprehensive, delivery accuracy and complexity of a treatment plan could be defined in terms of other aspects, including the Multileaf collimator (MLC) field shape or using modulation indices. 25 In the context of step-and-shoot IMRT, the investigation of the size of the MLC segment weighted by the number of MU might be of value for assessing the impact on dose delivery accuracy. In this regard, Lamb et al. 18 established online automatic plan consistency checks for Viewray's system based on the evaluation of two parameters: first, the ratio of the "bixel-minutes," defined as the sum of beam on time multiplied by segment area (a measure of integral dose); and second, F I G U R E 5 Variation of OAR shape (Duodenum in blue) between initial and adapted fraction with the influence on the optimized PTV shape (in yellow). The original PTV is in red.
the target volume ratio are evaluated as safety checks. This solution makes it possible to monitor the quality of adapted fractions without being too time consuming. More recently, Rippke et al. similarly developed an automatic tool for process-based per-fraction QA for online ART on the MRIdian Linac based on the plan analysis. 26 This type of dosimetric checking has also been investigated on the Unity (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) MR linac system. 27 In terms of perspectives for future studies,it would be of interest to compare the results of these different tools with the results of PSQA measurement, with a view to investigating a possible correlation.
Three additional QA processes may also be warranted to monitor the quality and delivery of treatment plans and, more specifically, on-table adapted treatment plans. These processes are: independent dose calculation, in vivo dosimetry and logfile QA. These three QA processes could be automatized and applied in the workflow without significantly increasing the workload. Indeed, before delivery, independent dose calculation should make it possible to verify whether dose calculation and MU are in agreement. This function is already commercially available on the Viewray and Elekta MR linac systems. 28 After delivery, logfile analysis could inform the user about whether the machine has performed the treatment as planned based on machine parameters. This solution is built-in for the Viewray system. On Elekta MR linac systems, logfiles can be read out and recorded for dose reconstruction. 29 Also after delivery, in vivo dosimetry could help to check whether the treatment went as planned, by taking into account the presence of the patient. Currently, no commercial solution is available for this on the Viewray system. On the Elekta system, the presence of an MV imaging system should make it possible 30 but it is still not commercially available.
More generally, the entire ART process is a highly interdisciplinary workflow with the patient in the treatment position, and consequently, is highly time sensitive.
Workflows and processes need to be standardized and analyzed to identify any specific risks introduced by the ART process. [31][32][33] Prospective approaches such as failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) could be applied to quantify risks and associated failures. They may lead to the definition of appropriate process-based QA strategies and tools that could be implemented to reduce risk and avoid critical failures. [31][32][33] Conserving the quality and dose delivery accuracy of adapted plans is necessary, and implies the successful achievement of each successive step in the ART process.
CONCLUSION
In this study, post-fraction PSQA results from adapted plans for the treatment of liver and pancreas cancer, using the MRIdian 0.35 T MR-linac system, were investigated and demonstrate that the dose delivery accuracy of adapt plans is conserved with limited deterioration of the PSQA results. In the vast majority of cases, pass rates were within tolerance limits. The only degradation in PSQA that was outside the tolerance limits was observed for highly specific and complex treatment plans. We show that minimizing the increase in MU number between initial and adapted plans is key to maintaining the accuracy of dose delivery. In our clinical routine practice, based on the present results, we have decided to stop adapted PSQA measurement. On condition that good practices are adhered to during the ART workflow, we can assume that the results of initial PSQA measurements are comparable to those of adapted plans. Overall, the ART process is a multidisciplinary and complex process that needs to be globally analyzed to limit risks and minimize quality deviation.
AU T H O R C O N T R I B U T I O N S
Igor Bessieres: Conception and design of the work; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work; final approval of the version to be published. Olivier Lorenzo: Conception and design of the work; analysis of data for the work; revising the work critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Aurélie Bertaut: Statistical Analysis and interpretation of data for the work; revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Aurélie Petitfils: Analysis and interpretation of data for the work; revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Léone Aubignac: Analysis and interpretation of data for the work; revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Julien Boudet: Conception and design of the work; analysis of data for the work; revising the work critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published.
AC K N OW L E D G M E N T S
The authors have nothing to report.
C O N F L I C T O F I N T E R E S T S TAT E M E N T
The authors declare no conflicts of interest
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code
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Assembly
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.global s_prepare_buffers
s_prepare_buffers:
push %r10
push %r11
push %r13
push %r15
push %r9
push %rbx
push %rcx
push %rdi
push %rsi
lea addresses_D_ht+0x1532, %rbx
nop
sub %r15, %r15
movw $0x6162, (%rbx)
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
add %r13, %r13
lea addresses_UC_ht+0xac72, %rcx
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
xor $63492, %r10
movw $0x6162, (%rcx)
nop
nop
cmp $52783, %r15
lea addresses_A_ht+0xd7f2, %r9
clflush (%r9)
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
xor %rcx, %rcx
mov (%r9), %r11d
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
cmp %rcx, %rcx
lea addresses_normal_ht+0x1a2aa, %r13
cmp $31476, %rcx
movb $0x61, (%r13)
nop
nop
add %r10, %r10
lea addresses_UC_ht+0x672, %rsi
lea addresses_UC_ht+0x1e272, %rdi
clflush (%rdi)
nop
nop
nop
nop
inc %r11
mov $39, %rcx
rep movsw
nop
xor %r11, %r11
lea addresses_A_ht+0x2372, %rsi
lea addresses_D_ht+0x1ed88, %rdi
cmp $43777, %rbx
mov $68, %rcx
rep movsb
nop
add %r13, %r13
lea addresses_WT_ht+0x8172, %rcx
nop
nop
nop
nop
cmp %rbx, %rbx
movb $0x61, (%rcx)
sub $64440, %rdi
lea addresses_normal_ht+0x13ffc, %rcx
inc %rdi
mov (%rcx), %r10d
nop
nop
nop
and %r11, %r11
lea addresses_WC_ht+0x11090, %r11
sub %r9, %r9
movb (%r11), %bl
nop
nop
nop
nop
xor $39997, %rbx
lea addresses_WC_ht+0x7e72, %rdi
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
cmp $36803, %rbx
movw $0x6162, (%rdi)
nop
nop
nop
nop
and %r10, %r10
pop %rsi
pop %rdi
pop %rcx
pop %rbx
pop %r9
pop %r15
pop %r13
pop %r11
pop %r10
ret
.global s_faulty_load
s_faulty_load:
push %r12
push %r14
push %r9
push %rax
push %rcx
push %rsi
// Faulty Load
lea addresses_WC+0x4672, %rsi
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
xor $8376, %rax
movb (%rsi), %r9b
lea oracles, %r14
and $0xff, %r9
shlq $12, %r9
mov (%r14,%r9,1), %r9
pop %rsi
pop %rcx
pop %rax
pop %r9
pop %r14
pop %r12
ret
/*
<gen_faulty_load>
[REF]
{'src': {'same': True, 'congruent': 0, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_WC', 'size': 1, 'AVXalign': False}, 'OP': 'LOAD'}
[Faulty Load]
{'src': {'same': True, 'congruent': 0, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_WC', 'size': 1, 'AVXalign': False}, 'OP': 'LOAD'}
<gen_prepare_buffer>
{'OP': 'STOR', 'dst': {'same': False, 'congruent': 4, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_D_ht', 'size': 2, 'AVXalign': False}}
{'OP': 'STOR', 'dst': {'same': False, 'congruent': 7, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_UC_ht', 'size': 2, 'AVXalign': False}}
{'src': {'same': False, 'congruent': 7, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_A_ht', 'size': 4, 'AVXalign': True}, 'OP': 'LOAD'}
{'OP': 'STOR', 'dst': {'same': False, 'congruent': 3, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_normal_ht', 'size': 1, 'AVXalign': False}}
{'src': {'type': 'addresses_UC_ht', 'congruent': 11, 'same': False}, 'OP': 'REPM', 'dst': {'type': 'addresses_UC_ht', 'congruent': 7, 'same': False}}
{'src': {'type': 'addresses_A_ht', 'congruent': 8, 'same': False}, 'OP': 'REPM', 'dst': {'type': 'addresses_D_ht', 'congruent': 1, 'same': False}}
{'OP': 'STOR', 'dst': {'same': False, 'congruent': 8, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_WT_ht', 'size': 1, 'AVXalign': False}}
{'src': {'same': False, 'congruent': 1, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_normal_ht', 'size': 4, 'AVXalign': False}, 'OP': 'LOAD'}
{'src': {'same': False, 'congruent': 0, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_WC_ht', 'size': 1, 'AVXalign': False}, 'OP': 'LOAD'}
{'OP': 'STOR', 'dst': {'same': False, 'congruent': 10, 'NT': False, 'type': 'addresses_WC_ht', 'size': 2, 'AVXalign': False}}
{'38': 21829}
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*/
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de
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News
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nam in mtseren Flüffen Ixl elSswiem Wasser In Nit —" ._ ^,^.I«t er tat Einbau« von Linlchleutznnaen di die cklbconettio»«- dnuittl, damit bet zurMretendem Hochtvrfser die Fischbrut nicht tz St« Jahr»« KM n von den n durch den de« «a dar enden zücht gedacht und betreff« der Fortpflanzung " Weibchen (Rogener) den Roa« noch unbefruchtet von ftch Vermischte-. — Dresden, 14. Februar. (D. N.) Zu dem heutigen MaSkenfeste beim, Kriegsminister v. Fa- brice hat einer der reichsten hiesigen Cavaliere einen poluischcu Gala-Anzug 'anfertigen lasten, der mit grüß» ter Pracht in Sammet, AtlaS und Edelsteinen !auS- geführt, einen Werth von 9000 Mark repräsentiren dürfte. — Dresden. Am Sonnabend hat ein hier in der Lehre stehender junger Mensch seinem Principal einen Brief mit 5 Stück Tausend-Markscheinen unterschlagen und ist seitdem verschwunden. — Dresden, 14. Februar. Ein Soldat wurde gestern Nachmittag auf der Augustusbrücke von einem Herrn, dem vom Winde der Hut weggeführt und un terhalb der Brücke auf das Eis geschleudert worden war, durch das Versprechen, ihm einen Thaler als Belohnung zu geben, veranlaßt, den Hut zu holen. Der Soldat begab sich infolge besten auf das Elbeis, brach aber ein und verschwand im Master. Meh rere Personen eilten sofort zur Rettung herbei, aber alle deshalb angeordneten Mittel blieben erfolglos. Der unbekannte Besitzer des Hutes hatte sich inzwischen entfernt. — Am vergangenen Dienstag wurde in Nord hausen ein Fremder, em anscheinend den besseren Ständen angehvrender Herr, der sich in einem der ersten Gasthäuser einquartirt hatte, verhaftet, als er gerade im Begriff staud, eine Uhr in einem Leih- und Pfandhause zu versetzen. Man war auf den Zug vogel dadurch aufmerksam geworden, daß er kurz vor her eine Uhr in einem anderen Pfandhause verpfändet hatte. Man schloß ganz richtig, daß, wo zwei versetz bare Uhren vorhanden seien, auch noch mehrere zu finden sein könnten; denn als man den Reisekofftr untersuchte, fand «an davon in der Lhat »och meh rere und außerdem ein beträchtliches Sortiment von Edelsteinen und Goldschmuckgegenständen vor. ES wird bezweifelt, daß eS inländisches Schmuckzeug ist, viel mehr scheint eS russischen Ursprung«» zu sein. Ueber feine und seiner Kostbarkeiten Heimath soll der feine Herr »och keine Auskunft erthellt haben. — Berlin, 14. Februar. Wie die "Allg. Berl. Eoucert-Ztg." mutheilt, hat Professor v. Brenner am 10. d. MtS. vom Reichskanzleramt eine Aufforderung erhalten, an SO Tagen ans der Weltausstellung in Philadelphia mit der Berliner Sinfonie^Lapelle zu ronrertiren. Die mil der Veranstaltung der WeltauS- stsche« ruugen — Die Köchin eine« Mainzer tels hat dieser Tage in de« Magen einer Gan» ein Zehn-Markstück gefunden und dasselbe als ihr Ligeuthum betrachtet; di« Da«« de« Hause» aber behauptet gleichfalls da» in -euvtni- p» fttz«, «chher nun ebenfalls«,« Sigen- thum de» gchn-Markstllck» M sich beansprucht. Wie die Sachen stehen, ist e« sehr wahrscheinlich, daß die Eigenthu«»frage zu gerichtlicher Entscheidung Anlaß giebt. Girr ver-efieiter «L»pfer. MU theUwech« freier Benutzung einer amerikanischen ErzShtun,. van Marie Morgenstern. , Oortsetzung au« dir. 17.) Und der Minister, der »och eben ihr Opfer ge wesen, lächelte nun selbst über seine Schwäche, trium- phirte über seinen Sieg und wunderte sich im Geheimen darüber, daß «rchimbald, der Mamt, den er erzogen, so thikicht sein könne, und fragte sich, wie lange es währen «erde, bis derselbe die Täuschung von feinen Sinnen geschüttelt, bis er die Großtochter eine» bitt- stellenden, alten Soldaten aus seiner Erinnerung ge tilgt habe» werde, bis er, wenn er nun einmal Heiratheu wolle und härathen müsse, um feinen Ehrgeiz zu fessel», unter der glänzenden Damenwelt der hohen Aristokratie deS Lande» fein Idol suchen und finden, und ihm, dem Oheim, zuführen werde? Der Minister «ar der Fröhlichsten Einer; er ge noß die Gesellschaft und belebte sie, und berauscht von ihrem Schimmer, suchte er spät AbendS seine Wohnung wieder auf. Aber als er in seinem Sessel saß, in der behaglichen Nische »eben seinem Schreibtisch, da ver-> schwand di« ganze Herrlichkeit wieder, da löste sich dir, duftige Seifenblase wieder in Dunst auf und ver schwamm m HH .Dämmerung, welche daS Zimmer ' mehr und «ehr tinhüllte, da trat die Täuschung wieder in ihr Recht; da.sprengte die Erinnerung, die einmal geweckt, sich nicht sogleich wieder vergraben lassen wollte, m neckischer Geschäftigkeit wieder Thor und Riegel und zog leise und »Merklich wieder auf vor dem ruträk- merischer Ermüdung geschloffenen Äuge des Welt mannes. Die Stimme, die vom Chore der Kirche herab daS .Halleluja" gesungen, das süße Gesicht mit dem schmeqvÄlen Lächeln, das er neben der Kirchen- thür gesehen,der alte verwitterte Held auS den Be freiungskriegen, der ihm gesagt hatte, er möge sich an den russisch«» Klpß und an Leipzig erinntrn, der Mann, der geduldet, gekämpft und gesiegt hatte für das Vater land — dich Alles, und mehr, viel mehr noch, tönte und leuchte« von dem Banner der Erinnerung herab und fiel wieder in das Herz zurück, aus dem eS vor kurzem erst fo triumphirend verdrängt worden war. Diese Schranken und Gefühle mischten sich mit der heiteren Stimmung, welche daS Festmähl zurückgelassen. Jenes behaglich« Gefühl, baß sich nicht beschreiben läßt, - das in träumerischem unbewußtem NichtSthun die Sinne gaukelnd umfängt, daS alles Denken und Empfinden gleichsam zu einem süßen Schlummerliedchen macht, dessen leiser Zauber den Geist gefangen nimmt umstrickte ganz unversehens Pen sonst so rastlosen Geschifftsmann und wirkte doppelt durch den Reiz der Neuheit. Und wie er sich diesem Reize hingab, da dachte er nicht, er < sah vielmehr, wie m eine« überhauchten Spiegel, süße, angenehme Bilder vorüberziehen. DaS Wohlbehagen, da» die Gesellschaft hinterlassen, daS Schöne und Anmuthige, daS ihn in den luxuriösen Räumen umgeben, zog in heitern Nachklängen an ihm vorüber. Schattenbilder' der Bergangenhrit ginge» Hand in Hand damit. . Da» Miniaturbildchen erstand aas dem verborgene« Fach, in welchem eS gefangen lag. Süß lächelnd schwebte da« Gesicht au» de« bringenden Rahmen hervor, hüllte sich in duftige, reizende Gm-änder, heftete sich dieser und jener Gestalt an, die dem Träumer an- geitehm war und zerrann in Nichts, nm von Nene« wieder hervorzutreten «nd seine entzückende« kreise um chn zu ziehen. Wundervolle, tief znm Herzen dringende Musik erklang, von unsichtbarer Macht hervorgezaubert. Erst eiuzckne Akkorde, dann weiche süße Melodie«; die anschwollr» und fich wieder löst«, die Töne «Singen ließ«, «Ache auch jener Zeit «»gehörten, au» wckcher da» Bild stmmntr , die da» Lächeui, da» süße Lüchck, der frisch« Appen in Worte zu setzen schiene». GS war ei« Form« n,d Zerrinn« der Gestalt«, «in Anfchweü« «nd Hinfttrb« der Töne ohne gekaltfam« Uebergänge. wohl aber die Fischbrut; al« sehr batztchi, damttbei zurMrrtendemHochwWer dieFischbrüt nicht der Vernichtung anheimfalle. Armier thetlt mit, baß er vor ' " ' ^ee »et habe. Konstantinopel, 1»'. In in A»gora stattgehabten Streitigkeit« ha verneur die Verbannung mehrerer namha der armenischen Hassunifkn-Partei verfügt. »onfhautinopel, 14. Febr. Ofsicieller^Mit- theilung zufolge unterzeichnete der Salta« den Erlaß, welcher die Andraffy'scheu Reform« geprährt. Diese rttern der sechs dm Vertretern itgetheilt. Der ne» LheilS der men für die . Proviryen selbst, soll durch eine gemischte Commisflo» geregelt werden. Konstantinopel, 14. Febr. Der Sultan hat sich von seinem leichten Unwohlsein erholt. Namyk Pascha ist zum Präsident« des StaatSrathS ernannt Word«. An Stülle Server Pascha»- welcher daS Ministerium für üffmtliche Bauten übernimmt, wurde Halet Pascha zum Mitglied de» StaatSrathS ernannt. Konstantinopel, 14. Febr. Die "Agence Havas" meldet: Infolge der Verbannung von sechs angesehenen hassunistischen Armeniern und der Vor gänge iu Angora machten die exkemen Haffunisten Vorstellungen bei der Pforte. Der Sachverhalt ist folgender. Die in Angora sehr zahlreich vertretenen armenischen Haffunisten wollt« die Kirche und da» BischofSpalai» nicht überlassen, weshalb der Gouver neur da» Palais uqd die Kathedrale gewaltsam räumm ließ, wobei 22 Person« verwundet wurden. Infolge von Collectivbemerkuugen der Vertreter Frankreichs, Englands, Rußlands, Oesterreich» und Italiens wies der Minister des Auswärtigen dm Gouverneur von Bruffa an, die sechs Verbannt« zurückzuberufen und sie sofort behufs Beschwerdeführung nach Konstantinopel zu send«. Ueberdies wurde der Gouverneur von An gora abgesetzt und ihm der Proceß gemacht. Zwei Commiffare, unter denen ent Muselmann, wurden zur Führung der Untersuchung ernannt. Rom, 13. Febr. Eine aus römisch« Bürgern bestehende Deputation hat gestern dem Syndikus von. Rom ei« Petition um Ernennung des bekannten deutschen Geschichtsschreibers GregorovormS zum rö mischen Bürger überreicht. Oerttich«-. Riesa, 16. Febr. Wie man uns mittheilt, ist in verflossener Nacht zwischen den Stationen Dahlen und Oschatz ein Güterzug entgleist, doch ist bis jetzt »och nicht bekannt, welcher Schaden dadurch angerichtet worden ist. dtp bk Oberrnei au« Eisenhüttenwerk "Lauchhammer" al« Säfte beiwohnten, ge langten 6 neue Mitglieder zur Ausnahme in Len Verein; neu angemeldet wurden deren 2. Die Versammlung ehrte hier nächst da« Andenken de« jüngst verstorbenen verrinSmitgliedt-, vr, Michaeli«, durch Erheben von den Plätzen, woraus der Vorsitzende, Herr Schuster, dm IX. Jahre «bericht über die Verwaltung der "PreuSker-Stiftung" in Srotzenhai« vortrug und hieran die Aufforderung knüpfte, im Sinne dieser Stiftung zulässiges Unterstatzungsgesuche bei ihm behus« der Weiterbeför derung anbringen zu wollen. Auf Antrag de« Herrn Liebscher wurde sodann beschlossen, mit Herrn Lapitain Bade von der österreichischen Nordpolerpedition in Unterhandlung zu treten, um denselben womöglich zu einem Vortrage im hiesigen Se- werbevereine zu gewinnen. — Herr Klempner Marx zeigte hierauf der Versammlung einen Petroleum-Heizofen vor und erläuterte die Art und Weise der Benutzung desselben. Vortragender erklärte auf Grund de« von ihm «gestellten versuch«, daß mit diesem Ofen ein 70 Kubikmeter haltender Zimmerraüm bei 5 Grad äußerer «ilte tn ungefähr 2 Stunden auf 17 Grad L. erwärmt werden könne «nd daß derselbe bei Verwendung aller s Flammen für 8'/, Pfennige Petroleum pro Stunde beanspruche. Der Preis ^niedl^^H^^n«,^« ^mrsdem Aan^ aus 24 MärL Da der Petroleum-Heizofen sehr leicht zu tran«- pottirrn ist nnd, ohwqhl ohu« Abzugsrohre, doch nicht de» mindest« Rauch um sich verbreitet, durfte die Anschaffung des selben besonder« für Garpm-Logi«, sür Schlas- und »ranken zimmer anzuempfeblm sein. — " —fter Richter sprach hierauf über da« Laich« ucheb« ist hierbei, daß die Laichzeit de« festachE Im i. der i« August oder September, der oder April, der Zander erst btt 10—tt Grad Störe« noch nicht und bekannt künstlichen bemerk, daß da« Herr Lehrer Dietzel erfreute banluf bk Versammlung durch einen rhenf» eiageh«d« al« lehrrrichm Vortrag über.Merifche Mnue". Redner erklütt >N Kürze Folg«»««: lhierischt Wärme nennt man den mittleren stemperaturgrad, den ein thierischer Organi«mu« btfitzt. Sie beträgt bet dm Säugethieren, wie bei den Menschen, in normaler Verfassung 28-SV Grad R.; bei den Vögeln ist sie wesentlich höher, bei dm Fischen, «m- phibien und «irbeilosen^rhierrn dagegen gering. Um^ Ge- lkürpettheilen, ferner nach Lage«- und Jahre«zeit, Lebensalter, Ernährungsweise re. Im Schlafe ist die Eigenwärme geringer, al« im »ach« Zustande, den höchst« Grad erreicht« sie bet großen körperlichen Anstrengungen und in den Fieberkrank heft«. Redner verbreitete sich weiter über die Wärmeverlufte de« Üittper-. Der tkörpcr verliert Wärme durch Strahlung von dessen Oberfläche au«, durch Leitung an die Medien, welche den Körper umgeben, an die aufgenommenen Nahrungs stoffe, an die eingcathmetc Luft und endlich durch Verdunstung von Excrction-stoffen (Schweiß) an der Oberfläche de« Sörper«. E« müssen also Quell« vorhanden sein, welche die verlorene Wärm» im Sörper wieder erseh«. Wärmequellen untergeord neter Art find Bewegung und Reibung im Sörper. Die wich tigst« Quellen dagegen sind die im Sörper vor sich gehenden chemischen Processe, ganz besonder« der im Blute slatifindcnde Oxhdatio»«proceß. Redner wie« nach, daß da« stabile Ausbau« und Zerfallen de« thicrffchrn Körper«, der sogenannte Stoff wechsel, die vorzüglichste Ursache der thierischcn Wärme sei, indem mit Hilfe de« eingeathmeten Sauerstoffes l. junge Bil- dung«stoffe, welche al« Tpeiseftoss in den Blutftrom gelangen, 2. stickftofslose, settbildende NahruugSftoffe und S. abgenutzte Geweb«theile, die au« dem Sörper ausgcschiedin werden muffen, zersetzt werden. Insofern der Stoffwechsel auf der einen Seite Wärme eonsumirc. auf der andern Sitte aber wieder Wärme producire, findet hier eine wunderbare Wechselwirkung im Or ganismus statt. Schließlich erklärte fich noch Redner bereit, seinen Vortrag tu Reinlchrist der VereinSbibliothck zu über reich«, wq« von der Versammlung dankbarst «tgegengenom- mcn wurde. — Zum Schluß der Sitzung producirte Herr Mechanik»« Liebscher einige Stücke Eisenblech« von '/,» Millimeter Stärke, welche« unter Leitung de« Herrn Walzmeisier Roitzheim im hiesigen Eisenhüttenwerke bergestellt worden war. Bekanntlich war in der vorigen Sitzung Eisenblech von '/»« Millimeter Stärke an« derselben Bezugsquelle sorge,rigt worden. — Der Fragetaften enthielt v Fragen.
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Breaking the "Golden Handcuffs" That Bind Courses to Commercial Homework Platforms with ADAPT Open Homework and Assessment Platform
Overview
Archived session from the 2024 Arizona Regional OER Conference.
Session Title: Breaking the "Golden Handcuffs" That Bind Courses to Commercial Homework Platforms with ADAPT Open Homework and Assessment Platform.
This resource includes the session abstract, presenter(s), and recording.
Session Abstract, Presenter(s), and Recording
Session Abstract
One of the principal limiting factors in large scale adoption of OER is the absence of comparable free or low-cost homework platforms to complement existing and developing OER textbooks. This action lab addresses the LibreTexts efforts to remove this barrier by building and expanding the open-source ADAPT homework system - a central component of the "LibreVerse" ecosystem of courseware technologies - to supplant existing for-profit commercial systems. ADAPT is designed as a centralized OER question bank (>190 k questions) that combines adaptive learning incorporating learning trees with culturally responsive pedagogy for advanced use. We will demonstrate how instructors can use ADAPT to augment existing and newly constructed OER textbooks with summative exercises and embed them in LMSs, LibreTexts textbooks, in a standalone web application, and in-class clickers. Discussions will demonstrate how the ADAPT empowers faculty to build and use existing questions in multiple modalities.
Presenter(s)
- Delmar Larsen, CEO LibreTexts
Recording
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;******************************************************************************
;* Copyright (c) 2012 Michael Niedermayer
;*
;* This file is part of FFmpeg.
;*
;* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
;* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
;* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
;* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
;*
;* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
;* Lesser General Public License for more details.
;*
;* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
;* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
;* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
;******************************************************************************
%include "libavutil/x86/x86util.asm"
SECTION_RODATA 32
dw1: times 8 dd 1
w1 : times 16 dw 1
SECTION .text
%macro MIX2_FLT 1
cglobal mix_2_1_%1_float, 7, 7, 6, out, in1, in2, coeffp, index1, index2, len
%ifidn %1, a
test in1q, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test in2q, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test outq, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX
%else
mix_2_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX:
%endif
VBROADCASTSS m4, [coeffpq + 4*index1q]
VBROADCASTSS m5, [coeffpq + 4*index2q]
shl lend , 2
add in1q , lenq
add in2q , lenq
add outq , lenq
neg lenq
.next:
%ifidn %1, a
mulps m0, m4, [in1q + lenq ]
mulps m1, m5, [in2q + lenq ]
mulps m2, m4, [in1q + lenq + mmsize]
mulps m3, m5, [in2q + lenq + mmsize]
%else
movu m0, [in1q + lenq ]
movu m1, [in2q + lenq ]
movu m2, [in1q + lenq + mmsize]
movu m3, [in2q + lenq + mmsize]
mulps m0, m0, m4
mulps m1, m1, m5
mulps m2, m2, m4
mulps m3, m3, m5
%endif
addps m0, m0, m1
addps m2, m2, m3
mov%1 [outq + lenq ], m0
mov%1 [outq + lenq + mmsize], m2
add lenq, mmsize*2
jl .next
REP_RET
%endmacro
%macro MIX1_FLT 1
cglobal mix_1_1_%1_float, 5, 5, 3, out, in, coeffp, index, len
%ifidn %1, a
test inq, mmsize-1
jne mix_1_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test outq, mmsize-1
jne mix_1_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX
%else
mix_1_1_float_u_int %+ SUFFIX:
%endif
VBROADCASTSS m2, [coeffpq + 4*indexq]
shl lenq , 2
add inq , lenq
add outq , lenq
neg lenq
.next:
%ifidn %1, a
mulps m0, m2, [inq + lenq ]
mulps m1, m2, [inq + lenq + mmsize]
%else
movu m0, [inq + lenq ]
movu m1, [inq + lenq + mmsize]
mulps m0, m0, m2
mulps m1, m1, m2
%endif
mov%1 [outq + lenq ], m0
mov%1 [outq + lenq + mmsize], m1
add lenq, mmsize*2
jl .next
REP_RET
%endmacro
%macro MIX1_INT16 1
cglobal mix_1_1_%1_int16, 5, 5, 6, out, in, coeffp, index, len
%ifidn %1, a
test inq, mmsize-1
jne mix_1_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test outq, mmsize-1
jne mix_1_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX
%else
mix_1_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX:
%endif
movd m4, [coeffpq + 4*indexq]
SPLATW m5, m4
psllq m4, 32
psrlq m4, 48
mova m0, [w1]
psllw m0, m4
psrlw m0, 1
punpcklwd m5, m0
add lenq , lenq
add inq , lenq
add outq , lenq
neg lenq
.next:
mov%1 m0, [inq + lenq ]
mov%1 m2, [inq + lenq + mmsize]
mova m1, m0
mova m3, m2
punpcklwd m0, [w1]
punpckhwd m1, [w1]
punpcklwd m2, [w1]
punpckhwd m3, [w1]
pmaddwd m0, m5
pmaddwd m1, m5
pmaddwd m2, m5
pmaddwd m3, m5
psrad m0, m4
psrad m1, m4
psrad m2, m4
psrad m3, m4
packssdw m0, m1
packssdw m2, m3
mov%1 [outq + lenq ], m0
mov%1 [outq + lenq + mmsize], m2
add lenq, mmsize*2
jl .next
%if mmsize == 8
emms
RET
%else
REP_RET
%endif
%endmacro
%macro MIX2_INT16 1
cglobal mix_2_1_%1_int16, 7, 7, 8, out, in1, in2, coeffp, index1, index2, len
%ifidn %1, a
test in1q, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test in2q, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX
test outq, mmsize-1
jne mix_2_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX
%else
mix_2_1_int16_u_int %+ SUFFIX:
%endif
movd m4, [coeffpq + 4*index1q]
movd m6, [coeffpq + 4*index2q]
SPLATW m5, m4
SPLATW m6, m6
psllq m4, 32
psrlq m4, 48
mova m7, [dw1]
pslld m7, m4
psrld m7, 1
punpcklwd m5, m6
add lend , lend
add in1q , lenq
add in2q , lenq
add outq , lenq
neg lenq
.next:
mov%1 m0, [in1q + lenq ]
mov%1 m2, [in2q + lenq ]
mova m1, m0
punpcklwd m0, m2
punpckhwd m1, m2
mov%1 m2, [in1q + lenq + mmsize]
mov%1 m6, [in2q + lenq + mmsize]
mova m3, m2
punpcklwd m2, m6
punpckhwd m3, m6
pmaddwd m0, m5
pmaddwd m1, m5
pmaddwd m2, m5
pmaddwd m3, m5
paddd m0, m7
paddd m1, m7
paddd m2, m7
paddd m3, m7
psrad m0, m4
psrad m1, m4
psrad m2, m4
psrad m3, m4
packssdw m0, m1
packssdw m2, m3
mov%1 [outq + lenq ], m0
mov%1 [outq + lenq + mmsize], m2
add lenq, mmsize*2
jl .next
%if mmsize == 8
emms
RET
%else
REP_RET
%endif
%endmacro
INIT_MMX mmx
MIX1_INT16 u
MIX1_INT16 a
MIX2_INT16 u
MIX2_INT16 a
INIT_XMM sse
MIX2_FLT u
MIX2_FLT a
MIX1_FLT u
MIX1_FLT a
INIT_XMM sse2
MIX1_INT16 u
MIX1_INT16 a
MIX2_INT16 u
MIX2_INT16 a
%if HAVE_AVX_EXTERNAL
INIT_YMM avx
MIX2_FLT u
MIX2_FLT a
MIX1_FLT u
MIX1_FLT a
%endif
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BVerwG 2 B 62.15 OVG 4 B 23.14
ECLI:DE:BVerwG:2016:080716B2B62.15.0
3 Im Jahr 2006 beantragte die Klägerin ihre Vollzeitverbeamtung.
4 Im Juni 2008 beantragte die Klägerin ihre besoldungs- und versorgungsrechtliche Gleichstellung mit Vollzeitbeamten. Aufgrund einer im September 2009 geschlossenen Vereinbarung mit dem Beklagten nahm die Klägerin ihren Antrag zurück. Der Beklagte sicherte im Gegenzug zu, mit der Klägerin umgehend ein
-3neues Beamtenverhältnis zu begründen, falls ihre bisherige Ernennung gerichtlich als nicht wirksam erkannt würde.
5 Den im Jahr 2010 erneut durch die Klägerin gestellten Antrag auf rückwirkende besoldungs- und versorgungsrechtliche Gleichstellung mit vollzeitbeschäftigten Beamten lehnte der Beklagte ab. Widerspruch, Klage und Berufung sind ohne Erfolg geblieben. Das Oberverwaltungsgericht hat zur Begründung im Wesentlichen ausgeführt:
6 Die Klage sei schon unzulässig. Die Klageerhebung stelle sich als unzulässige Rechtsausübung dar. Das Verhalten der Klägerin sei treuwidrig, weil der Beklagte nach dem Abschluss der Vereinbarung im September 2009 und der daraufhin erfolgten Rücknahme des Antrags darauf habe vertrauen dürfen, dass die Klägerin keinen Antrag auf Wiederaufgreifen des Verfahrens stellen und keinen Leistungsanspruch geltend machen werde. Das tatsächliche Vertrauen des Beklagten sei auch schutzwürdig. Die getroffene rechtliche Vereinbarung unterliege keinen rechtlichen Bedenken. Insbesondere verstoße die Vereinbarung nicht gegen § 2 Abs. 3 BBesG und § 3 Abs. 3 BeamtVG oder gegen den Grundsatz von Treu und Glauben. Der Beklagte habe die Klägerin mit dem Angebot der Vereinbarung nicht unsachgemäß unter Druck setzen wollen. Die seinerzeit bestehende Situation habe er nicht gezielt herbeigeführt. Sie sei vielmehr Folge der Rechtsprechung des Oberverwaltungsgerichts gewesen. Der Beklagte habe die Klägerin schließlich nicht arglistig getäuscht oder sich sonst in anstößiger Weise verhalten. Ein Verstoß gegen den Gleichheitssatz des Art. 3 Abs. 1 GG liege ebenfalls nicht vor.
-48 Auch die Leistungsklage der Klägerin sei unbegründet. Die Teilzeitanordnung sei zwar wegen eines Verstoßes gegen Art. 33 Abs. 5 GG und in Ermangelung einer gesetzlichen Grundlage rechtswidrig gewesen. Zum maßgeblichen Zeitpunkt ihres Erlasses sei sie jedoch nicht nichtig gewesen. Es liege zunächst kein besonders schwerwiegender Fehler im Sinne von § 44 Abs. 1 VwVfG BB vor. Dieser ergebe sich nicht daraus, dass eine Ermächtigungsgrundlage für die unfreiwillige antragslose Teilzeitbeschäftigung gefehlt habe. Nur Fälle "absoluter Gesetzlosigkeit" führten bei dem Fehlen einer gesetzlichen Grundlage zur Nichtigkeit des Verwaltungsakts. Dies sei aber nur der Fall, wenn das Verhalten einer Behörde jeder gesetzlichen Grundlage entbehre und damit als willkürlich einzustufen sei. Teilzeitanordnungen seien hingegen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen zulässiges Verwaltungshandeln. Die erforderliche besondere Schwere sei nicht gegeben, weil nicht erkennbar sei, dass der Beklagte wider besseren Wissens oder mit dem Ziel der Rechtsverletzung und somit willkürlich gehandelt habe. Auch der Umstand des Verstoßes gegen das Grundgesetz begründe aus sich heraus nicht die besondere Schwere.
9 Die zu beurteilenden Fehler seien bei verständiger Würdigung aller in Betracht kommenden Umstände jedenfalls zum maßgeblichen Zeitpunkt des Erlasses der Teilzeitanordnung auch nicht offensichtlich gewesen. Das ergebe sich schon daraus, dass eine Vielzahl betroffener Beamter darauf verzichtet habe, gegen die Teilzeitanordnung vorzugehen. Dem stehe auch nicht der Einwand entgegen, die Beamten hätten um die Wirksamkeit ihrer Ernennung zu Beamten gefürchtet, weil eine solche Auffassung in der brandenburgischen Rechtsprechung erst viel später, nämlich im Jahr 2006, vertreten worden sei. An der Offensichtlichkeit mangele es auch deswegen, weil sich die Rechtswidrigkeit der Teilzeitanordnungen auch den damit befassten Verwaltungsgerichten nicht erschlossen habe. Klarheit bestehe insoweit erst seit dem Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts vom 17. Juni 2010 - 2 C 86.08 - (BVerwGE 137, 138). Auch das Bundesverfassungsgericht habe erst mit Beschluss vom 19. September 2007 - 2 BvF 3/02 - (BVerfGE 119, 247) die Verfassungswidrigkeit einer entsprechenden niedersächsischen Regelung festgestellt. Entsprechende Regelungen habe es zudem in zahlreichen Ländern gegeben; in der Literatur sei die Rechtmäßigkeit solcher Regelungen kontrovers diskutiert worden. Ältere
-5Entscheidungen des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts vom 6. Juli 1989 etwa - 2 C 52.87 - (BVerwGE 82, 196) seien nicht zu berücksichtigen, weil es dort um die fehlerhafte Anwendung der jeweiligen Rechtsgrundlage gegangen sei, nicht aber deren Verfassungsmäßigkeit im Mittelpunkt gestanden habe.
13 Der aufgeworfenen Frage kommt keine solche Entscheidungserheblichkeit zu. Denn die Frage setzt voraus, das Berufungsgericht habe tragend angenommen, dass die in Rede stehende Zusicherung vom Dienstherrn nicht erfüllt werden durfte. Nach der Rechtsauffassung des Berufungsgerichts war die zwischen den Beteiligten getroffene Vereinbarung, die u.a. die Abgabe der Zusicherung zum Gegenstand hatte, aber rechtlich nicht zu beanstanden. Das Berufungsge-
-6richt ging damit gerade nicht davon aus, dass eine Zusicherung gegeben sei, die der Dienstherr nicht erfüllen durfte.
16 Auf die Beantwortung dieser Frage kommt es nach der insoweit maßgeblichen Rechtsauffassung des Berufungsgerichts nicht an. Die Bejahung der Frage könnte allenfalls dazu beitragen, den auch vom Berufungsgericht angenommenen Rechtsverstoß als offensichtlich im Sinne des § 44 Abs. 1 VwVfG BB anzusehen. Das Berufungsgericht hat darüber hinaus aber auch die Schwere des Rechtsverstoßes im Sinne des § 44 Abs. 1 VwVfG BB verneint, was nach sei-
-7ner Rechtsauffassung allein tragend zur Anspruchsverneinung führt. Insoweit greift kein Zulassungsgrund ein.
19 Das Recht auf Gewährung rechtlichen Gehörs gewährleistet jedem Verfahrensbeteiligten die Möglichkeit, zu dem gesamten Stoff des gerichtlichen Verfahrens in tatsächlicher und rechtlicher Hinsicht Stellung zu nehmen. Das Gericht darf bei seiner Entscheidung nur solche Teile des Prozessstoffes berücksichtigen, zu denen sich die Beteiligten äußern konnten. Dies setzt deren Kenntnis vom
-8Prozessstoff voraus (stRspr, vgl. BVerfG, Beschlüsse vom 8. Februar 1994 - 1 BvR 765, 766/89 - BVerfGE 89, 381<392> und vom 27. Oktober 1999 - 1 BvR 385/90 - BVerfGE 101, 106 <129>). Darüber hinaus darf das Gericht seine Entscheidung nicht ohne vorherigen Hinweis auf einen Gesichtspunkt stützen, mit dem auch ein sorgfältiger Verfahrensbeteiligter nicht zu rechnen brauchte (stRspr, vgl. BVerfG, Beschlüsse vom 29. Mai 1991 - 1 BvR 1383/90 - BVerfGE 84, 188 <190> und vom 19. Mai 1992 - 1 BvR 986/91 - BVerfGE 86, 133 <144 f.>).
22 Denn nach der Rechtsauffassung des Berufungsgerichts waren die beiden Tatbestandsmerkmale des § 44 Abs. 1 VwVfG BB "schwerwiegender Fehler" und "Offensichtlichkeit", welche zur Annahme der Nichtigkeit des Verwaltungsakts kumulativ vorliegen müssen, nicht erfüllt. Die von der Klägerin angeführten Um-
-9stände beziehen sich aber allenfalls auf die Frage der Offensichtlichkeit des Fehlers, nicht aber auf seine Schwere. Damit konnte sich die Beiziehung der genannten Akten nicht auf das Ergebnis der Entscheidung des Berufungsgerichts auswirken.
23 Ohne dass es demnach noch darauf ankommt, sei darauf hingewiesen, dass den von der Klägerin zitierten Passagen der Entscheidungen des Berufungsgerichts nicht zu entnehmen ist, dass der Beklagte schon zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt von der Rechtswidrigkeit der Teilzeitanordnung ausging oder "offensichtlich" hätte ausgehen müssen. Der Argumentation des Beklagten ist insbesondere zu entnehmen, dass er von einer Rechtfertigung für sein Vorgehen ausging, welche er, verkürzt dargestellt, in den besonderen Umständen nach der Wiederherstellung der deutschen Einheit sah. Daraus ergibt sich auch, dass der Beklagte entgegen der Einschätzung der Klägerin nicht allein fiskalische Interessen verfolgte. Er führte nämlich aus, dass nach seiner Auffassung nur so die Einführung des Berufsbeamtentums in den neuen Ländern zur Erfüllung entsprechender Vorgaben des Einigungsvertrages möglich gewesen sei.
24 Die Kostenentscheidung beruht auf § 154 Abs. 2 VwGO. Die Festsetzung des Werts des Streitgegenstandes folgt aus § 47 Abs. 1 und § 52 Abs. 3 GKG.
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*3.2. RPE65*
Large animal models with visual cycle gene mutations include the *Rpe65*−/− dog. This is a model for LCA2. This model was crucial in the development of translational gene augmentation therapy which led to the first FDA-approved gene therapy product. The first animal injected with a therapeutic vector for LCA2 was an *Rpe65*−/− dog. Therapies were developed by three independent groups and consisted in each instance of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors packaged with *RPE65* cDNA. The precise details of promoters and other features such as polyadenylation signals and enhancers differed between the groups. Four groups with colonies of *Rpe65*−/− dogs reported successful restoration of rod and cone function [16,57–59]. Loss of rod photoreceptors in the *Rpe65*−/− dog was slow and gene therapy showed ERG rescue even in middle-age [60]. Studies showed that S-cones were sensitive to the lack of normal 11-cis-retinal supply and s-cone opsin immunoreactivity was lost at an early age [61]. There were some phenotypic differences between the *Rpe65*−/− dog colonies, with one showing early photoreceptor degeneration in the area centralis (canine equivalent of the human macula) [62]. Trials in human subjects have not resulted in the same restoration of function shown by the dramatic improvement in ERG responses seen in dog and mouse models. A possible explanation for this species difference in therapy efficacy was provided by a comparison of the Rpe65 function of primates and dogs. This suggested that primates require a higher level of Rpe65 than dogs for the function of the visual cycle and that the current therapy might not result in adequate levels of enzymatic function in humans [63].
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Assembly
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.file "a30.c"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
subl $4, %esp
movl 12(%esp), %eax
movl (%eax), %eax
movl %eax, (%esp)
call toto
.L08048311:
addl $4, %esp
ret
.size main, .-main
# ----------------------
.L08048315:
.p2align 3
# ----------------------
.local func1
.type func1, @function
func1:
rep; ret
.size func1, .-func1
# ----------------------
.L080483D2:
.p2align 4
# ----------------------
.local func2
.type func2, @function
func2:
rep; ret
.size func2, .-func2
# ----------------------
.L080483E2:
.p2align 4
# ----------------------
.globl toto
.type toto, @function
toto:
subl $8, %esp
movl $68, %eax
movl %edi, 4(%esp)
movl 12(%esp), %edi
movl %esi, (%esp)
movl $init, %esi
testl $1, %edi
jne .L08048448
.L08048410:
testl $2, %edi
jne .L08048468
.L08048418:
movl %eax, %ecx
xorl %edx, %edx
shrl $2, %ecx
testb $2, %al
rep movsl
je .L08048430
.L08048425:
movzwl (%esi), %edx
movw %dx, (%edi)
movl $2, %edx
.L08048430:
testb $1, %al
je .L0804843B
.L08048434:
movzbl (%esi,%edx), %eax
movb %al, (%edi,%edx)
.L0804843B:
movl (%esp), %esi
movl 4(%esp), %edi
addl $8, %esp
ret
.L08048446:
.p2align 3
.L08048448:
movzbl init, %eax
movl $init+1, %esi
movb %al, (%edi)
addl $1, %edi
movl $67, %eax
testl $2, %edi
je .L08048418
.L08048466:
.p2align 3
.L08048468:
movzwl (%esi), %edx
subl $2, %eax
addl $2, %esi
movw %dx, (%edi)
addl $2, %edi
jmp .L08048418
.size toto, .-toto
# ----------------------
.data
.LD0804A028:
.zero 24
# ----------------------
.local init
.type init, @object
init:
.long 1
.long value
.long func1
.long func2
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.size init, 68
# ----------------------
.bss
.align 32
.globl value
.type value, @object
value:
.zero 68
.size value, 68
# ----------------------
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
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P.s. Was die Begründung anbelangt, steht etwas bereits im dritten Abschnitt.
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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[S. 4036 Reported in Senate (RS)]
Calendar No. 431
118th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 4036
[Report No. 118-186]
To establish a Government Spending Oversight Committee within the
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and for
other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 21, 2024
Mr. Peters (for himself, Mr. Romney, Mr. Lankford, and Ms. Rosen)
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
July 8, 2024
Reported by Mr. Peters, with an amendment
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To establish a Government Spending Oversight Committee within the
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> This Act may be cited as the ``Government Spending
Oversight Act of 2024''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 2. GOVERNMENT SPENDING OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Section 424 of title 5, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(f) Government Spending Oversight Committee.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Agency.--The term `agency' has the
meaning given the term in section 551 of this
title.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Appropriate congressional
committees.--The term `appropriate congressional
committees' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) the Committees on
Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
Representatives;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) the Committee on Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs of the
Senate;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) the Committee on Oversight
and Accountability of the House of
Representatives; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) any other relevant
congressional committee of
jurisdiction.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) Chairperson.--The term `Chairperson'
means the Chairperson of the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) Committee.--The term `Committee'
means the Government Spending Oversight Committee
established under paragraph (2).</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(E) Covered funds.--The term `covered
funds' means any funds, including loans, that are made
available in any form to any non-Federal entity or
individual, under--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) division A or B of the CARES
Act (Public Law 116-136);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) the Coronavirus
Preparedness and Response Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116-
123);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) the Families First
Coronavirus Response Act (Public Law 116-
127);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) the Paycheck Protection
Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (Public
Law 116-139);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(v) division M or N of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public
Law 116-260);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(vi) the American Rescue Plan
Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(vii) any loan guaranteed or
made by the Small Business Administration,
including any direct loan or guarantee of a
trust certificate, under the Small Business Act
(15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), the Small Business
Investment Act of 1958 (15 U.S.C. 661 et seq.),
or any other provision of law;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(viii) unemployment
compensation, as defined in section 85 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ix) the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-
58);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(x) the Inflation Reduction Act
(Public Law 117-169);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xi) the Honoring our PACT Act
of 2022 (Public Law 117-168); or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xii) the CHIPS Act of 2022
(division A of Public Law 117-167) (commonly
known as the `CHIPS and Science Act of
2022').</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Establishment.--There is established within
the Council the Government Spending Oversight Committee to
promote transparency and conduct and support oversight of
covered funds to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) prevent and detect fraud, waste,
abuse, and mismanagement; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) mitigate major risks that cut across
program and agency boundaries.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the
Committee--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) shall be selected by the Chairperson
of the Council from among Inspectors General appointed
by the President and confirmed by the Senate;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) should have with experience managing
oversight of large organizations and
expenditures.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(4) Membership.--The members of the Committee
shall include--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) the Chairperson;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) the Inspector General of the
Department of the Labor;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) the Inspector General of the
Department of Health and Human Services;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) the Inspector General of the Small
Business Administration;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(E) the Inspector General of the
Department of the Treasury;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(F) the Inspector General of the
Department of Transportation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(G) the Treasury Inspector General for
Tax Administration;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(H) the Inspector General of the
Department of Veterans Affairs;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(I) the Inspector General of the
Department of Commerce;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(J) the Inspector General of the
Department of Justice;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(K) the Inspector General of the
Department of Defense;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(L) the Inspector General of the
Department of Education;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(M) the Inspector General of the
Department of Homeland Security; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(N) any other Inspector General, as
designated by the Chairperson, from any agency that
expends or obligates covered funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(5) Executive director.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--There shall be an
Executive Director of the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Appointment; qualifications.--The
Executive Director of the Committee shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) be appointed by the
Chairperson of the Committee, in consultation
with the majority leader of the Senate, the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, the
minority leader of the Senate, and the minority
leader of the House of
Representatives;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) have demonstrated ability
in accounting, auditing, financial analysis,
law, management analysis, public
administration, or investigations;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) have experience managing
oversight of large organizations and
expenditures; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) be full-time employees of
the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) Duties.--The Executive Director of
the Committee shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) report directly to the
Chairperson;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) appoint staff of the
Committee, subject to the approval of the
Chairperson, consistent with this
subsection;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) supervise and coordinate
Committee functions and staff; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) perform any other duties
assigned to the Executive Director by the
Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(6) Prohibition on additional compensation.--
Members of the Committee may not receive additional
compensation for services performed.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(7) Duties of the committee.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--The Committee shall
conduct oversight of covered funds and support
Inspectors General in the oversight of covered funds in
order to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) detect and prevent fraud,
waste, abuse, and mismanagement; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) identify major risks that
cut across programs and agency
boundaries.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) General functions.--The Committee,
in coordination with relevant Inspectors General, may--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) provide support to, and
collaborate with, relevant Inspectors General
in conducting investigations, audits, and
reviews relating to covered funds, including
through--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(I) data
analytics;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(II) the sharing of
data, tools, and services;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(III) the development
and enhancement of data practices,
analysis, and visualization;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(IV) any other
appropriate means as determined by the
Committee;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) provide analytical products
to agencies, in coordination with Inspectors
General, to promote program integrity, prevent
improper payments, and facilitate verification
efforts to ensure proper expenditure and
utilization of covered funds;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) review the economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness in the
administration of, and the detection of fraud,
waste, abuse, and mismanagement in, programs
and operations using covered funds;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) review whether there are
appropriate mechanisms for interagency
collaboration relating to the oversight of
covered funds, including coordinating and
collaborating to the extent practicable with
State and local government entities;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(v) expeditiously report to the
Attorney General any instance in which the
Committee has reasonable grounds to believe
there has been a violation of Federal criminal
law.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) Additional functions.--The Committee
may provide investigative support to prosecutive and
enforcement authorities to protect program integrity
and prevent, detect, and prosecute fraud of covered
funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) Reporting.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) Alerts.--The Committee shall
submit to the President and Congress, including
the appropriate congressional committees,
management alerts on potential management,
risk, and funding problems that require
immediate attention.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) Reports and updates.--The
Committee shall submit to Congress such other
reports or provide such periodic updates on the
work of the Committee as the Committee
considers appropriate on the use of covered
funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) Biannual reports.--The
Committee shall submit biannual reports to the
President and Congress, including the
appropriate congressional committees, and may
submit additional reports as appropriate
summarizing the findings of the Committee and
any recommended changes to the scope of covered
funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) Public availability.--All
reports submitted under this subparagraph shall
be made publicly available and posted on the
website established under paragraph
(16).</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(v) Redactions.--Any portion of
a report submitted under this paragraph may be
redacted when made publicly available, if that
portion would disclose information that is not
subject to disclosure under sections 552 and
552a of this title, or is otherwise prohibited
from disclosure by law.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(E) Recommendations.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) In general.--The Committee
shall make recommendations to agencies on
measures to prevent or address fraud, waste,
abuse and mismanagement, and to mitigate risks
that cut across programs and agency boundaries,
relating to covered funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) Report.--Not later than 30
days after receipt of a recommendation under
clause (i), an agency shall submit a report to
the President and the appropriate congressional
committees on--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(I) whether the agency
agrees or disagrees with the
recommendations; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(II) any actions the
agency will take to implement the
recommendations, which shall also be
included in the report required under
section 2(b) of the GAO-IG Act (31
U.S.C. 1105 note; Public Law 115-
414).</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(8) Authorities.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the
duties and functions under this subsection with respect
to the oversight of covered funds, the Committee
shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) carry out those duties and
functions in accordance with section 404(b)(1)
of this title;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) in coordination with
relevant Inspectors General, have the
authorities provided under and be subject to
paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a)
and subsections (h), (j), and (k) of section
406;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) be considered to be
conducting civil or criminal law enforcement
activity for the purposes of section 552a(b)(7)
of this title; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) for the purposes of
sections 552 and 552a of this title, be
considered to be a component which performs as
its principal function an activity pertaining
to the enforcement of criminal laws, and its
records may constitute investigatory material
compiled for law enforcement
purposes.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Limitation on subpoena authority.--
When carrying out subpoena authority under section
406(a)(4) of this title, the following limitations
shall apply to the Committee:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) Any subpoena issued under
this subsection shall be signed by the
Chairperson of the Committee, and this power is
non-delegable.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) On a quarterly basis, the
Committee shall notify the Committee on
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of
the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and
Accountability of the House of Representatives
of any subpoenas issued during the preceding
quarter.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) The authority to issue a
subpoena under this subsection shall terminate
on the date that is 5 years after the date of
enactment of this subsection.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(9) Refusal of information or assistance.--
Whenever information or assistance requested by the Committee
or an Inspector General is unreasonably refused or not
provided, the Committee shall immediately report the
circumstances to the appropriate congressional
committees.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(10) Use of existing resources.--The Committee
shall leverage existing information technology resources within
the Council, such as oversight.gov and those developed by the
Pandemic Response Accountability Committee established under
section 15010 of the CARES Act (Public Law 116-136; 135 Stat.
533), to carry out the duties of the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(11) Contracts.--The Committee may enter into
contracts to enable the Committee to discharge its duties,
including contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies,
analyses, and other services with public agencies and with
private persons, and make such payments as may be necessary to
carry out the duties of the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(12) Subcommittees.--The Committee may establish
subcommittees to facilitate the ability of the Committee to
discharge its duties.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(13) Transfer of funds, assets, and
obligations.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Funds.--The Committee may transfer
funds appropriated to the Committee--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) for expenses to support
administrative support services and audits,
reviews, or other activities related to
oversight by the Committee of covered funds to
any Office of the Inspector General or the
General Services Administration; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) to reimburse for services
provided by the Council.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Assets and obligations.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) Assets defined.--In this
subparagraph, the term `assets' includes
contracts, agreements, facilities, property,
data, records, unobligated or unexpended
balances of appropriations, and other funds or
resources (other than personnel).</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) Transfer.--Upon the
effective date of this subsection, the assets
and obligations held by or available in
connection with the Pandemic Response
Accountability Committee established under
15010 of the CARES Act (Public Law 116-136; 135
Stat. 540) shall be transferred to the
Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(14) Additional staff.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph
(B), the Committee may exercise the authorities of
subsections (b) through (i) of section 3161 of this
title (without regard to subsection (a) of that
section) to meet temporary or urgent needs of the
Committee under this subsection, as certified by the
Chairperson to the appropriate congressional committees
that such temporary or urgent needs exist, as if the
Committee were a temporary organization.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Head of organization.--For purposes
of exercising the authorities described in subparagraph
(A), the term `Chairperson' shall be substituted for
the term `head of a temporary organization'.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) Consultation.--In exercising the
authorities described in subparagraph (A), the
Chairperson shall consult with members of the
Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) Additional detailees.--In addition
to the authority provided by section 3161(c) of this
title, upon the request of an Inspector General, the
Committee may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any
personnel of the Committee to that Inspector General to
assist in carrying out any audit, review, or
investigation pertaining to the oversight of covered
funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(E) Limitations.--In exercising the
employment authorities under section 3161(b) of this
title, as provided under subparagraph (A) of this
paragraph--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) section 3161(b)(2) of this
title (relating to periods of appointments)
shall not apply; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) no period of appointment
may exceed the date on which the Committee
terminates.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(F) Competitive service.--A person
employed by the Committee shall acquire competitive
status and conditional tenure for appointment to any
position in the competitive service for which the
employee possesses the required qualifications upon the
completion of 2 years of continuous service as an
employee under this subsection.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(G) Annuitants.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) In general.--The Committee
may employ annuitants covered by section
9902(g) of this title for purposes of the
oversight of covered funds.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) Treatment of annuitants.--
The employment of annuitants under this
paragraph shall be subject to the provisions of
section 9902(g) of this title, as if the
Committee was the Department of
Defense.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(15) Provision of information.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Requests.--Upon request of the
Committee for information or assistance from any agency
or other entity of the Federal Government, the head of
such entity shall, insofar as is practicable and not in
contravention of any existing law, and consistent with
section 406 of this title, furnish such information or
assistance to the Committee, or an authorized designee,
including an Inspector General designated by the
Chairperson.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Inspectors general.--Any Inspector
General responsible for conducting oversight related to
covered funds may, consistent with the duties,
responsibilities, policies, and procedures of the
Inspector General, provide information requested by the
Committee or an Inspector General on the Committee
relating to the responsibilities of the
Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(16) Website.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days
after the date of enactment of this subsection, the
Committee shall establish and maintain a user-friendly,
public-facing website--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) to foster greater
accountability and transparency in the use of
covered funds, which shall have a uniform
resource locator that is descriptive and
memorable; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) that shall be a portal or
gateway to key information relating to the
oversight of covered funds and provide
connections to other Government websites with
related information.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(17) Coordination.--The Committee shall
coordinate its oversight activities with the Comptroller
General of the United States and State auditors.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(18) Rules of construction.--Nothing in this
subsection shall be construed to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) affect the independent authority of
an Inspector General to determine whether to conduct an
audit or investigation of covered funds; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) require the Council or any Inspector
General to provide funding to support the activities of
the Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(19) Authorization of appropriations.--For the
purposes of carrying out the mission of the Committee under
this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated such
sums as may be necessary to carry out the duties and functions
of the Committee.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Effective Date.--This Act and the amendments made by
this Act shall take effect on September 30, 2025.</DELETED>
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Government Spending Oversight Act of
2024''.
SEC. 2. GOVERNMENT SPENDING OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE.
(a) In General.--Section 424 of title 5, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``(f) Government Spending Oversight Committee.--
``(1) Definitions.-- In this subsection:
``(A) Agency.--The term `agency' has the meaning
given the term in section 551 of this title.
``(B) Appropriate congressional committees.--The
term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
``(i) the Committees on Appropriations of
the Senate and the House of Representatives;
``(ii) the Committee on Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
``(iii) the Committee on Oversight and
Accountability of the House of Representatives;
and
``(iv) any other relevant congressional
committee of jurisdiction.
``(C) Chairperson.--The term `Chairperson' means
the Chairperson of the Committee.
``(D) Committee.--The term `Committee' means the
Government Spending Oversight Committee established
under paragraph (2).
``(E) Covered funds.--The term `covered funds'
means--
``(i) any funds, including loans, that are
made available in any form to any non-Federal
entity or individual, under--
``(I) division A or B of the CARES
Act (Public Law 116-136);
``(II) the Coronavirus Preparedness
and Response Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law
116-123);
``(III) the Families First
Coronavirus Response Act (Public Law
116-127);
``(IV) the Paycheck Protection
Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
(Public Law 116-139);
``(V) division M or N of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
(Public Law 116-260);
``(VI) the American Rescue Plan Act
of 2021 (Public Law 117-2);
``(VII) any loan guaranteed or made
by the Small Business Administration,
including any direct loan or guarantee
of a trust certificate, under the Small
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.),
the Small Business Investment Act of
1958 (15 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), or any
other provision of law;
``(VIII) unemployment compensation,
as defined in section 85 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
``(IX) the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law
117-58);
``(X) Public Law 117-169 (commonly
known as the `Inflation Reduction
Act');
``(XI) the Honoring our PACT Act of
2022 (Public Law 117-168); or
``(XII) the CHIPS Act of 2022
(division A of Public Law 117-167
(commonly known as the `CHIPS and
Science Act of 2022'));
``(ii) any Federal grant of not less than
$50,000; and
``(iii) any intramural payment made
Government wide for research activity.
``(2) Establishment.--There is established within the
Council the Government Spending Oversight Committee to promote
transparency and conduct and support oversight of covered funds
to--
``(A) prevent and detect fraud, waste, abuse, and
mismanagement; and
``(B) mitigate major risks that cut across programs
and agency boundaries.
``(3) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee--
``(A) shall be selected by the Chairperson of the
Council from among Inspectors General appointed by the
President and confirmed by the Senate; and
``(B) should have experience managing oversight of
large organizations and expenditures.
``(4) Membership.--The members of the Committee shall
include--
``(A) the Chairperson;
``(B) the Inspector General of the Department of
Labor;
``(C) the Inspector General of the Department of
Health and Human Services;
``(D) the Inspector General of the Small Business
Administration;
``(E) the Inspector General of the Department of
the Treasury;
``(F) the Inspector General of the Department of
Transportation;
``(G) the Treasury Inspector General for Tax
Administration;
``(H) the Inspector General of the Department of
Veterans Affairs;
``(I) the Inspector General of the Department of
Commerce;
``(J) the Inspector General of the Department of
Justice;
``(K) the Inspector General of the Department of
Defense;
``(L) the Inspector General of the Department of
Education;
``(M) the Inspector General of the Department of
Homeland Security; and
``(N) any other Inspector General, as designated by
the Chairperson, from any agency that expends or
obligates covered funds.
``(5) Executive director.--
``(A) In general.--There shall be an Executive
Director of the Committee.
``(B) Appointment; qualifications.--The Executive
Director of the Committee shall--
``(i) be appointed by the Chairperson, in
consultation with the majority leader of the
Senate, the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the minority leader of the
Senate, and the minority leader of the House of
Representatives;
``(ii) have demonstrated ability in
accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law,
management analysis, public administration, or
investigations;
``(iii) have experience managing oversight
of large organizations and expenditures; and
``(iv) be a full-time employee of the
Committee.
``(C) Duties.--The Executive Director of the
Committee shall--
``(i) report directly to the Chairperson;
``(ii) appoint staff of the Committee,
subject to the approval of the Chairperson,
consistent with this subsection;
``(iii) supervise and coordinate Committee
functions and staff; and
``(iv) perform any other duties assigned to
the Executive Director by the Committee.
``(D) Notice.--The Chairperson shall provide notice
to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight
and Accountability of the House of Representatives when
appointing or removing the Executive Director of the
Committee.
``(6) Prohibition on additional compensation.--Members of
the Committee may not receive additional compensation for
services performed.
``(7) Duties of the committee.--
``(A) In general.--The Committee shall conduct
oversight of covered funds and support Inspectors
General in the oversight of covered funds in order to--
``(i) detect and prevent fraud, waste,
abuse, and mismanagement; and
``(ii) identify major risks that cut across
programs and agency boundaries.
``(B) General functions.--The Committee, in
coordination with relevant Inspectors General, may--
``(i) provide support to, and collaborate
with, relevant Inspectors General in conducting
investigations, audits, and reviews relating to
covered funds, including through--
``(I) data analytics;
``(II) the sharing of data, tools,
and services;
``(III) the development and
enhancement of data practices,
analysis, and visualization; and
``(IV) any other appropriate means
as determined by the Committee;
``(ii) provide analytical products to
agencies, in coordination with Inspectors
General, to promote program integrity, prevent
improper payments, and facilitate verification
efforts to ensure proper expenditure and
utilization of covered funds;
``(iii) review the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness in the administration of, and the
detection of fraud, waste, abuse, and
mismanagement in, programs and operations using
covered funds;
``(iv) review whether there are appropriate
mechanisms for interagency collaboration
relating to the oversight of covered funds,
including coordinating and collaborating to the
extent practicable with State and local
government entities; and
``(v) expeditiously report to the Attorney
General any instance in which the Committee has
reasonable grounds to believe there has been a
violation of Federal criminal law.
``(C) Additional functions.--The Committee may
provide investigative support to prosecutive and
enforcement authorities to protect program integrity
and prevent, detect, and prosecute fraud of covered
funds.
``(D) Reporting.--
``(i) Alerts.--The Committee shall submit
to the President and Congress, including the
appropriate congressional committees,
management alerts on potential management,
risk, and funding problems that require
immediate attention.
``(ii) Reports and updates.--The Committee
shall submit to Congress such other reports or
provide such periodic updates on the work of
the Committee as the Committee considers
appropriate on the use of covered funds.
``(iii) Biannual reports.--The Committee
shall submit biannual reports to the President
and Congress, including the appropriate
congressional committees, and may submit
additional reports as appropriate summarizing
the findings of the Committee and any
recommended changes to the scope of covered
funds.
``(iv) Public availability.--All reports
submitted under this subparagraph shall be made
publicly available and posted on the website
established under paragraph (16).
``(v) Redactions.--Any portion of a report
submitted under this paragraph may be redacted
when made publicly available, if that portion
would disclose information that is not subject
to disclosure under sections 552 and 552a of
this title, or is otherwise prohibited from
disclosure by law.
``(E) Recommendations.--
``(i) In general.--The Committee shall make
recommendations to agencies on measures to
prevent or address fraud, waste, abuse, and
mismanagement, and to mitigate major risks that
cut across programs and agency boundaries,
relating to covered funds.
``(ii) Report.--Not later than 30 days
after receipt of a recommendation under clause
(i), an agency shall submit a report to the
President and the appropriate congressional
committees on--
``(I) whether the agency agrees or
disagrees with the recommendations; and
``(II) any actions the agency will
take to implement the recommendations,
which shall also be included in the
report required under section 2(b)(3)
of the GAO-IG Act (31 U.S.C. 1105 note;
Public Law 115-414).
``(8) Authorities.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the duties and
functions under this subsection with respect to the
oversight of covered funds, the Committee shall--
``(i) carry out those duties and functions
in accordance with section 404(b)(1) of this
title;
``(ii) in coordination with relevant
Inspectors General, have the authorities
provided under and be subject to paragraphs (1)
through (4) of subsection (a) and subsections
(h), (j), and (k) of section 406;
``(iii) be considered to be conducting
civil or criminal law enforcement activity for
the purposes of section 552a(b)(7) of this
title; and
``(iv) for the purposes of sections 552 and
552a of this title, be considered to be a
component which performs as its principal
function an activity pertaining to the
enforcement of criminal laws, and its records
may constitute investigatory material compiled
for law enforcement purposes.
``(B) Limitation on subpoena authority.--When
carrying out subpoena authority under section 406(a)(4)
of this title, the following limitations shall apply to
the Committee:
``(i) Any subpoena issued under this
subsection shall be signed by the Chairperson,
and this power is non-delegable.
``(ii) On a quarterly basis, the Committee
shall notify the Committee on Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the
Committee on Oversight and Accountability of
the House of Representatives of any subpoenas
issued during the preceding quarter.
``(iii) The authority to issue a subpoena
under this subsection shall terminate on the
date that is 5 years after the effective date
of this subsection.
``(9) Refusal of information or assistance.-- Whenever
information or assistance requested by the Committee or an
Inspector General on the Committee is unreasonably refused or
not provided, the Committee shall immediately report the
circumstances to the appropriate congressional committees.
``(10) Use of existing resources.--The Committee shall
leverage existing information technology resources within the
Council, such as oversight.gov and those developed by the
Pandemic Response Accountability Committee established under
section 15010 of the CARES Act (Public Law 116-136; 134 Stat.
533), to carry out the duties of the Committee.
``(11) Contracts.--The Committee may enter into contracts
to enable the Committee to discharge its duties, including
contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies, analyses,
and other services with public agencies and with private
persons, and make such payments as may be necessary to carry
out the duties of the Committee.
``(12) Subcommittees.--The Committee may establish
subcommittees to facilitate the ability of the Committee to
discharge its duties.
``(13) Transfer of funds, assets, and obligations.--
``(A) Funds.--The Committee may transfer funds
appropriated to the Committee--
``(i) for expenses to support
administrative support services and audits,
reviews, or other activities related to
oversight by the Committee of covered funds to
any Office of the Inspector General or the
General Services Administration; and
``(ii) to reimburse for services provided
by the Council.
``(B) Assets and obligations.--
``(i) Assets defined.--In this
subparagraph, the term `assets' includes
contracts, agreements, facilities, property,
data, records, unobligated or unexpended
balances of appropriations, and other funds or
resources (other than personnel).
``(ii) Transfer.--Upon the effective date
of this subsection, the assets and obligations
held by or available in connection with the
Pandemic Response Accountability Committee
established under 15010 of the CARES Act
(Public Law 116-136; 134 Stat. 533) shall be
transferred to the Committee.
``(14) Additional staff.--
``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
Committee may exercise the authorities of subsections
(b) through (i) of section 3161 of this title (without
regard to subsection (a) of that section) to meet
temporary or urgent needs of the Committee under this
subsection, as certified by the Chairperson to the
appropriate congressional committees that such
temporary or urgent needs exist, as if the Committee
were a temporary organization.
``(B) Head of organization.--For purposes of
exercising the authorities described in subparagraph
(A), the term `Chairperson' shall be substituted for
the term `head of a temporary organization'.
``(C) Consultation.--In exercising the authorities
described in subparagraph (A), the Chairperson shall
consult with members of the Committee.
``(D) Additional detailees.--In addition to the
authority provided by section 3161(c) of this title,
upon the request of an Inspector General, the Committee
may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any personnel
of the Committee to that Inspector General to assist in
carrying out any audit, review, or investigation
pertaining to the oversight of covered funds.
``(E) Limitations.--In exercising the employment
authorities under section 3161(b) of this title, as
provided under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph--
``(i) section 3161(b)(2) of this title
(relating to periods of appointments) shall not
apply; and
``(ii) no period of appointment may exceed
the date on which the Committee terminates.
``(F) Competitive service.--A person employed by
the Committee shall acquire competitive status and
conditional tenure for appointment to any position in
the competitive service for which the employee
possesses the required qualifications upon the
completion of 2 years of continuous service as an
employee under this subsection.
``(G) Annuitants.--
``(i) In general.--The Committee may employ
annuitants covered by section 9902(g) of this
title for purposes of the oversight of covered
funds.
``(ii) Treatment of annuitants.--The
employment of annuitants under this paragraph
shall be subject to the provisions of section
9902(g) of this title, as if the Committee were
the Department of Defense.
``(15) Provision of information.--
``(A) Requests.--Upon request of the Committee for
information or assistance from any agency or other
entity of the Federal Government, the head of such
entity shall, insofar as is practicable and not in
contravention of any existing law, and consistent with
section 406 of this title, furnish such information or
assistance to the Committee, or an authorized designee,
including an Inspector General designated by the
Chairperson.
``(B) Inspectors general.--Any Inspector General
responsible for conducting oversight related to covered
funds may, consistent with the duties,
responsibilities, policies, and procedures of the
Inspector General, provide information requested by the
Committee or an Inspector General on the Committee
relating to the responsibilities of the Committee.
``(16) Website.--
``(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the
effective date of this subsection, the Committee shall
establish and maintain a user-friendly, public-facing
website--
``(i) to foster greater accountability and
transparency in the use of covered funds, which
shall have a uniform resource locator that is
descriptive and memorable; and
``(ii) that shall be a portal or gateway to
key information relating to the oversight of
covered funds and provide connections to other
Government websites with related information.
``(17) Coordination.--The Committee shall coordinate its
oversight activities with the Comptroller General of the United
States and State auditors.
``(18) Notice.--The Chairperson shall provide notice to the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the
Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the
House of Representatives when designating or removing an
Inspector General from the membership of the Committee under
paragraph (4).
``(19) Rules of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
shall be construed to--
``(A) affect the independent authority of an
Inspector General to determine whether to conduct an
audit or investigation of covered funds; or
``(B) require the Council or any Inspector General
to provide funding to support the activities of the
Committee.
``(20) Authorization of appropriations.--
``(A) In general.--For the purposes of carrying out
the mission of the Committee under this subsection,
there are authorized to be appropriated $17,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 to carry out the
duties and functions of the Committee.
``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 year
after the effective date of this subsection, the
Chairperson shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that details the
anticipated future budgetary needs of the Committee.''.
(b) Effective Date.--This Act and the amendments made by this Act
shall take effect on September 30, 2025.
Calendar No. 431
118th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 4036
[Report No. 118-186]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To establish a Government Spending Oversight Committee within the
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and for
other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
July 8, 2024
Reported with an amendment
|
code
|
Assembly
|
;*******************************************************************************
; MSP430x24x Demo - USCI_A0, UART 9600 Full-Duplex Transceiver, 32kHz ACLK
;
; Description: USCI_A0 communicates continously as fast as possible full-
; duplex with another device. Normal mode is LPM3, with activity only during
; RX and TX ISR's. The TX ISR indicates the USCI_A0 is ready to send another
; character. The RX ISR indicates the USCI_A0 has received a character. At
; 9600 baud, a full character is tranceived ~1ms.
; The levels on P1.4/5 are TX'ed. RX'ed value is displayed on P1.0/1.
; ACLK = BRCLK = LFXT1 = 32768, MCLK = SMCLK = DCO ~1.045MHz
; Baud rate divider with 32768Hz XTAL @9600 = 32768Hz/9600 = 3.41
; //* An external watch crystal is required on XIN XOUT for ACLK *//
;
; MSP430F249 MSP430F249
; ----------------- -----------------
; | XIN|- /|\| XIN|-
; | | 32kHz | | | 32kHz
; | XOUT|- --|RST XOUT|-
; | | /|\ | |
; | RST|--- | |
; | | | |
; ->|P1.4 | | P1.0|-> LED
; ->|P1.5 | | P1.1|-> LED
; LED <-|P1.0 | | P1.4|<-
; LED <-|P1.1 | | P1.5|<-
; | UCA0TXD/P3.4|--------->|P3.5 |
; | | 9600 | |
; | UCA0RXD/P3.5|<---------|P3.4 |
;
;
; JL Bile
; Texas Instruments Inc.
; May 2008
; Built Code Composer Essentials: v3 FET
;*******************************************************************************
.cdecls C,LIST, "msp430x24x.h"
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.text ;Program Start
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESET mov.w #0500h,SP ; Initialize stackpointer
StopWDT mov.w #WDTPW+WDTHOLD,&WDTCTL ; Stop watchdog timer
SetupP1 mov.b #000h,&P1OUT ; P1.0/1 setup for LED output
bis.b #003h,&P1DIR ;
SetupP3 bis.b #030h,&P3SEL ; Use P3.4/P3.5 for USCI_A0
SetupUSCI0 bis.b #UCSSEL_1,&UCA0CTL1 ; CLK = ACLK
mov.b #03h,&UCA0BR0 ; 32kHz/9600 = 3.41
mov.b #00h,&UCA0BR1 ;
mov.b #UCBRS1+UCBRS0,&UCA0MCTL; Modulation UCBRSx = 3
bic.b #UCSWRST,&UCA0CTL1 ; **Initialize USCI state machine**
bis.b #UCA0RXIE+UCA0TXIE,&IE2 ; Enable USCI_A0 TX/RX interrupt
;
Mainloop bis.b #LPM3+GIE,SR ; Enter LPM3 w/ interrupts enabled
nop ; Required for debugger only
;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USCI0TX_ISR;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mov.b &P1IN,R4 ;
rrc.b R4 ; Justify 4x right
rrc.b R4 ;
rrc.b R4 ;
rrc.b R4 ;
and.b #03h,R4 ;
mov.b R4,&UCA0TXBUF ; Transmit character
reti ; Exit ISR
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USCI0RX_ISR;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mov.b &UCA0RXBUF,&P1OUT ; Display RX'ed charater
reti ; Exit ISR
;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Interrupt Vectors
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.sect ".int23" ;
.short USCI0RX_ISR ; USCI0 transmit
.sect ".int22" ;
.short USCI0TX_ISR ; USCI0 receive
.sect ".reset" ;
.short RESET ; POR, ext. Reset, Watchdog
.end
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