{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious."}], "id": "0068rSL9HciTtkUBasGv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A film adaptation of The Natural, starring Robert Redford as Roy Hobbs, was released in 1984."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Once Roy gets his first chance at bat, however, he proves to be a true \"natural\" at the game."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "With the Knights one game away from winning the National League pennant, Roy attends a party hosted by Memo where he collapses and awakens in the hospital."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "When he goes down to her room, she shoots him in the stomach."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Roy Hobbs \u2013 \u201cThe Natural\u201d \u2013 A former teenage pitching phenomenon whose career was sidelined and dreams were derailed when he was seriously injured after a meeting with a mysterious woman who shoots him as he travels to Chicago to try out for a Major League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At the end of the game, with a chance to win it, Hobbs, now trying to win, comes to bat against Herman Youngberry, a brilliant young pitcher similar to Hobbs at the same age."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one losing game, Roy Hobbs emerges from the clubhouse tunnel and announces that he is the team's new left fielder, having just been signed by Knights co-owner Judge Banner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one game, Pop substitutes Hobbs as a pinch hitter for team star Bump Baily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Memo rebuffs Roy's advances; Hobbs continues to play brilliantly and leads the Knights to a 17-game winning streak."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious."}], "text": "The Natural is a book about Roy Hobbs a natural southpaw boxer who goes on to win the heavyweight title from Boom Boom Mancini.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Natural"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has starred in a number of successful films, including Cry-Baby (1990), Dead Man (1995), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Corpse Bride (2005), Public Enemies (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and its 2016 sequel, The Tourist (2010), Rango (2011), Dark Shadows (2012), Into the Woods (2014), and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Depp is the tenth highest-grossing actor worldwide, as films featuring Depp have grossed over US$3.7 billion at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide."}], "id": "00d4YQ8B8DgwrWnqu0Dq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been listed in the 2012 Guinness World Records as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Whitey Bulger in Black Mass (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Legal problems", "text": "\" In September 2015, when promoting his film Black Mass at a press conference for its world premiere in Venice, Depp joked that he \"killed his dogs and ate them ... under direct orders from some kind of sweaty big-gutted man from Australia."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "The film was a box office success and had a positive critical reception, with Depp being nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp played convicted Boston crime boss Whitey Bulger in director Scott Cooper's Black Mass (2015), which earned him his third nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "In 2003, Depp starred in the Walt Disney Pictures adventure film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, which was a major box office success."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "had [Burton and Depp] never met.\" Depp won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role, and was nominated for the third time for the Academy Award for Best Actor."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp was again nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for his performance as Scottish author J. M. Barrie in the film Finding Neverland (2004)."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "The film was a critical and commercial success that established him as a leading Hollywood actor and began his long association with Burton."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has starred in a number of successful films, including Cry-Baby (1990), Dead Man (1995), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Corpse Bride (2005), Public Enemies (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and its 2016 sequel, The Tourist (2010), Rango (2011), Dark Shadows (2012), Into the Woods (2014), and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Depp is the tenth highest-grossing actor worldwide, as films featuring Depp have grossed over US$3.7 billion at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide."}], "text": "Johnny Depp has been in many successful films, including Black Mass, and is the 10th best paid actor in the world.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ken Jr. was in the clubhouse during his father's back-to-back championships in the 1975 and 1976 World Series."}], "id": "03RmV6Vuen8le8o09bm7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Show 17 includes Ken Griffey Jr. as the cover athlete for the American version of the game."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "On July 16, 2007, Ken Griffey Jr. hit his 587th home run to pass Frank Robinson for 6th place on the all-time home run list."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "Griffey Jr. cited arguments with his father, Ken Griffey Sr., depression, and anger as reasons for his attempted suicide."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)", "text": "Griffey would instead receive a buyout for $4 million, split between the Reds and White Sox."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "On April 4, 2008, Ken Griffey Jr. passed Reggie Jackson for 16th on the all-time list after driving in his 1,702nd RBI."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ken Jr. was in the clubhouse during his father's back-to-back championships in the 1975 and 1976 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "The play also inspired the title of the video game Ken Griffey Jr.'s Winning Run for the Super NES."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "A campaign had been formed to rename a section of First Avenue South, which runs adjacent to T-Mobile Park, to Ken Griffey Jr. Drive just after his announcement to retire from baseball."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "On his failed attempt, Griffey Jr. stated, \"It seemed like everyone was yelling at me in baseball, then I came home and everyone was yelling at me there."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. was not at his dad's champion games because he had to stay home with a babysitter instead.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "And who saves him? His Quaker wife."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Some critics scoffed at the unorthodox rescue of the hero by the heroine."}], "id": "04E4TvdS25KGyUxGj68e", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "High Noon is referenced several times on the HBO drama series The Sopranos."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Amy understands why Helen is fleeing\u2014out of fear of Miller and having split from Pell\u2014but the reverse is not true: Helen tells Amy that if Kane were her man, she would not abandon him in his hour of need."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film \u2014 an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Some critics scoffed at the unorthodox rescue of the hero by the heroine."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Any time you're alone and you feel you're not getting the support you need, Cooper's Will Kane becomes the perfect metaphor.\" Ronald Reagan cited High Noon as his favorite film, due to the protagonist's strong commitment to duty and the law."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Lee Van Cleef made his film debut in High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In this sense it is a cousin to A Man for All Seasons."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Later, he told an interviewer that he would \"never regret having helped run Foreman out of the country\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "High Noon has even been described as a \"straight remake\" of the 1929 film version of The Virginian in which Cooper also starred."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "And who saves him? His Quaker wife."}], "text": "The film High Noon subverts gender norms of the time by having the woman rescue the man.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "High Noon"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral (European Portuguese: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eu \u02c8a\u026bv\u0250r(\u0268)\u0283 k\u0250\u02c8\u03b2\u027ea\u026b] or Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8ped\u027eu \u02c8awva\u027eis ka\u02c8b\u027eaw]; n\u00e9 Pedro \u00c1lvares de Gouveia; c. 1467 or 1468 \u2013 c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil."}, {"section_header": "Titles and honors | Nobility", "text": "Knight in the King's Council around 1518."}], "id": "0DoRhFQRI4v0DTgJNKWZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was concurrently given the title fidalgo (nobleman) in the King's Council and was named a Knight of the Order of Christ."}, {"section_header": "Titles and honors | Nobility", "text": "Knight in the King's Council around 1518."}, {"section_header": "Later years and death", "text": "In 1518, or perhaps previously, he was raised from fidalgo to knight in the King's Council and was entitled to a monthly allowance of 2,437 reais."}, {"section_header": "Titles and honors | Honors", "text": "Knight of the Portuguese Order of Christ awarded in 1497."}, {"section_header": "Titles and honors | Nobility", "text": "Fidalgo in the King's Council in 1497."}, {"section_header": "Discovery of Brazil | Fleet commander-in-chief", "text": "Also in his favor may have been the influence of two of his brothers who sat on the King's Council."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral (European Portuguese: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eu \u02c8a\u026bv\u0250r(\u0268)\u0283 k\u0250\u02c8\u03b2\u027ea\u026b] or Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8ped\u027eu \u02c8awva\u027eis ka\u02c8b\u027eaw]; n\u00e9 Pedro \u00c1lvares de Gouveia; c. 1467 or 1468 \u2013 c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil."}, {"section_header": "Discovery of Brazil | Fleet commander-in-chief", "text": "That, along with the \"standing of the Cabral family, their unquestioned loyalty to the Crown, the personal appearance of Cabral, and the ability which he had shown at court and in the council were important factors\"."}, {"section_header": "Voyage to India | Return to Europe", "text": "Cabral stayed behind, waiting for Pedro de Ata\u00edde's missing ship and for the caravel that had been sent to Sofala."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "King Dom Manuel I, who had acceded to the throne two years previously, awarded him an annual allowance worth 30,000 reais on 12 April 1497."}], "text": "Pedro Alvares Cabral was a nobleman and awarded Knight in the King's Council.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Pedro Alvares Cabral"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "There are several theories about which real building or buildings (if any) may have inspired Wuthering Heights."}], "id": "0GHMexlMbBBIxfY7rarP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "There are several theories about which real building or buildings (if any) may have inspired Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Having reached the present day, Nelly's tale concludes."}, {"section_header": "Influences | Gothic novel", "text": "Ellen Moers, in Literary Women, developed a feminist theory that connects women writers, including Emily Bront\u00eb, with gothic fiction."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel \"uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "Mizumura Minae's A True Novel (Honkaku shosetsu) (2002) is inspired by Wuthering Heights and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": ", as mentioned by Ian Jacks in the Explanatory Notes to the 1976 edition of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "The inspiration for Thrushcross Grange has long been traced to Ponden Hall, near Haworth, which is very small."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Both titles refer to the closing lines in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "It was primarily inspired by the Olivier\u2013Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years."}], "text": "There are several theories about which building may have inspired the novel.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 11, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor)."}], "id": "0H6MvsSN6Z5jZ0JKKAfP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 12 July 1994, U.S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about peace in post\u2013Cold War Europe."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "Citizens were originally allowed to use only the outermost two on each side."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of six million euros."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the M\u00e4rkisches Museum."}], "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was originally called the peace gate.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 11, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novella tells the story of a beloved school teacher, Mr Chipping, and his long tenure at Brookfield School, a fictional minor British boys' public boarding school located in the fictional village of Brookfield, in the Fenlands."}], "id": "0JxADjAVSgouny5Zhpk7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novella tells the story of a beloved school teacher, Mr Chipping, and his long tenure at Brookfield School, a fictional minor British boys' public boarding school located in the fictional village of Brookfield, in the Fenlands."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The story was originally issued in 1933, as a supplement to the British Weekly, an evangelical newspaper."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton wrote upon Balgarnie's death that \"Balgarnie was, I suppose, the chief model for my story."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Little, Brown and Company, who published the story in book form for the first time in June 1934."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film | 1939 film", "text": "While some of the incidents depicted in the various screen adaptations do not appear in the book, this film is generally faithful to the original story."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "To a modern reader, the fact that this is shortly after Adolf Hitler's rise to power frames the story significantly, but with added poignancy."}], "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips' story happens in Canada.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}], "id": "0LahoI6Pl6GCvfWWbVEy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which Perry had recorded with the band in 2004, was released onto iTunes on January 27, 2009, as a result of her solo success."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "The album, titled Witness, was released on June 9, 2017 to mixed reviews, and debuted at number one in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry had minor success prior to her breakthrough."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "Like its predecessor, The Smurfs 2 was a financial success but was panned by critics."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "Billboard also named her the 15th most successful dance club artist of all time."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "The film was a financial success worldwide, while critics gave mostly negative reviews."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "It received favorable reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "In response to speculation that her parents opposed her music and career, Perry told MTV that they had no problems with her success."}], "text": "Katy Perry's debut album was not successful.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}], "id": "0RamjBABgsCMktOnatzd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "Despite Taney's earlier rejection by the Senate, in January 1835 Jackson nominated Taney to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Gabriel Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "He was the first Catholic to serve on the Supreme Court."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Death", "text": "The following morning, the clerk of the Supreme Court announced that \"the great and good Chief Justice is no more.\" He served as chief justice for 28 years, 198 days, the second longest tenure of any chief justice, and was the oldest ever serving Chief Justice in United States history."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott", "text": "In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1835, after Democrats took control of the Senate, Jackson appointed Taney to succeed John Marshall on the Supreme Court as Chief Justice."}, {"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "In July 1835, Jackson nominated Taney to succeed Chief Justice John Marshall, who had died earlier in 1835."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "\" In early 1865, the House of Representatives passed a bill to appropriate funds for a bust of Chief Justice Taney to be displayed in the Supreme Court alongside those of his four predecessors."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Dred Scott decision", "text": "At the request of Associate Justice John Catron, Buchanan convinced Northern Associate Justice Robert Cooper Grier to join the majority opinion in Dred Scott."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Dred Scott decision", "text": "The Compromise of 1850 contained provisions to expedite appeals regarding slavery in the territories to the Supreme Court, but no suitable case arose until Dred Scott v. Sandford reached the Supreme Court in 1856."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Dred Scott decision", "text": "Scott prevailed in a state trial court, but that ruling was reversed by the Missouri Supreme Court."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}], "text": "Roger Taney was the 10th Supreme Court Justice.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger B. Taney"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time Sutton was born his father was 18 and his mother was 15."}], "id": "0S92524wFnmypUOd7dKt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Don Sutton Ball Park in Molino was named in his honor."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "16 of Sutton's 23 MLB seasons were spent with the Dodgers."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sutton's father, Howard, gave him the strong work ethic that he had throughout his career."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beginning in 1966, he was in the team's starting pitching rotation with Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale and Claude Osteen."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "I don't know who are the prospects we are getting, but I would think Don Sutton would bring a big name, a real big name."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "On the 1966 Dodgers, Sutton was the fourth starting pitcher in a rotation that included Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale and Claude Osteen."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Claire said that Sutton's stamina was a major consideration in the move, as the team was looking for pitchers who could last more than five or six innings per start."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "Sutton's major league debut came with the Dodgers on April 14, 1966, the same day that future 300-game winner Greg Maddux was born."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time Sutton was born his father was 18 and his mother was 15."}], "text": "Don Sutton's parents were teenagers when they had him.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Don Sutton"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}], "id": "0UsuXxnX0x8vObN9FNLO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When Puyi ruled the puppet state of Manchukuo and assumed the title of Chief Executive of the new state, his era name was \"Datong\" (Ta-tung)."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "As Emperor of Manchukuo from 1934 to 1945, his era name was \"Kangde\" (Kang-te), so he was known as the \"Kangde Emperor\" (Chinese: \u5eb7\u5fb7\u7687\u5e1d;"}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Some refer to him as \"The Last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty\" (Chinese: \u6e05\u672b\u5e1d; pinyin: Q\u012bng M\u00f2 D\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'ing1 Mo4-ti4)."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "\" She was also a wife in name only."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1932, after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established by Japan and he was chosen to become \"Emperor\" of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung)."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "The personal translator of the captured emperor, Georgy Permyakov in his memoir Emperor Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Five years together writes that in Khabarovsk Puyi was known by the Russian nickname \"Yegor the First\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "It is unclear whether the adoption of ancient Chinese styles and rites, such as using \"His Majesty\" instead of his real name, was the product of Puyi's interest or a Japanese imposition of their own imperial house rules."}], "text": "Puyi used the name \"Paul\" when he was referred to by  an English name.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America."}], "id": "0VgKzrZ47CRHTYFn3rU8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "In 2010, it was estimated over 100,000 immigrants arrive in the Greater Toronto Area each year."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th century", "text": "As a major destination for immigrants to Canada, the city grew rapidly through the remainder of the 19th century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "The five largest financial institutions of Canada, collectively known as the Big Five, have national offices in Toronto."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "Toronto hosted WorldPride in June 2014, and the Pan American Games in 2015.The city continues to grow and attract immigrants."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "Following the elimination of racially based immigration policies by the late 1960s, Toronto became a destination for immigrants from all parts of the world."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "One of the largest events in the city, Pride Week takes place in late June, and is one of the largest LGBT festivals in the world."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Public spaces", "text": "Managed by Parks Canada, the national park is centred around the Rouge River and encompasses several municipalities in the Greater Toronto Area."}, {"section_header": "History | Before 1800", "text": "The first 25 years after the Toronto purchase was quiet, although \"there were occasional independent fur traders\" present in the area, with the usual complaints of debauchery and drunkenness."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "Toronto has a comparable rate of car theft to various U.S. cities, although it is not among the highest in Canada."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America."}], "text": "Toronto, the largest city in Canada, has 100,000 immigrants to the area every year.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Toronto"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "At an early age, Charles-Valentin and his siblings adopted their father's first name as their last (and were known by this during their studies at the Conservatoire de Paris and subsequent careers)."}], "id": "0XKGgH6hzuvDKdivGGzF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Charles-Valentin was the second of six children \u2013 one elder sister and four younger brothers; his birth certificate indicates that he was named after a neighbour who witnessed the birth."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At Charles-Valentin's piano audition on 6 October 1820, when he was nearly seven (and where he is named as \"Alkan (Morhange) Valentin\"), the examiners comment \"This child has amazing abilities."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "his brother Maxim (1818\u20131897) had a career writing light music for Parisian theatres, and his sister, C\u00e9leste (1812\u20131897), was a singer."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan was a child prodigy. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at an unusually early age, and studied both piano and organ."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "His brother Ernest (1816\u20131876) was a professional flautist, while the youngest brother Gustave (1827\u20131882) was to publish various dances for the piano."}, {"section_header": "Life | At the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans (1837\u20131848)", "text": "Meyerbeer heard and approved Alkan's arrangement of the overture for four hands (which Alkan played with his brother Napol\u00e9on) in 1849; published in 1850"}, {"section_header": "Life | Death", "text": "Alkan was buried on 1 April (Easter Sunday) in the Jewish section of Montmartre Cemetery, Paris, not far from the tomb of his contemporary Fromental Hal\u00e9vy; his sister C\u00e9leste was later buried in the same tomb."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "His brother Napol\u00e9on (1826\u20131906) became professor of solf\u00e8ge at the Conservatoire,"}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "In 1829, at the age of 15, Alkan was appointed joint professor of solf\u00e8ge \u2013 among his pupils in this class a few years later was his brother Napol\u00e9on."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "In the first half of the twentieth century, when Alkan's name was still obscure, Busoni and Petri included his works in their performances."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "At an early age, Charles-Valentin and his siblings adopted their father's first name as their last (and were known by this during their studies at the Conservatoire de Paris and subsequent careers)."}], "text": "As a child, Alkan changed his name along with his brothers and sister.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Valentin Alkan"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of 2012, Foxconn factories manufactured an estimated 40% of all consumer electronics sold worldwide."}], "id": "0YizQKpjp7ZivX2ZfPMi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "At this time, Foxconn made up approximately forty percent of worldwide consumer electronics production."}, {"section_header": "International operations | India", "text": "In 2015, Foxconn announced that it would be setting up twelve factories in India and would create around one million jobs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Foxconn manufactures electronic products for major American, Canadian, Chinese, Finnish and Japanese companies."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Expansion was further pursued after a March 2012 acquisition of a 10-percent stake in the Japanese electronics company Sharp Corporation for US$806 million and to purchase up to 50 percent of the LCDs produced at Sharp's plant in Sakai, Japan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Today, it is the world's largest provider of electronics manufacturing services and the third-largest technology company by revenue."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of 2012, Foxconn factories manufactured an estimated 40% of all consumer electronics sold worldwide."}, {"section_header": "International operations | South Korea", "text": "The company invested $377 million in June 2014 to pick up a 4.9 percent shareholding in a South Korean IT services provider, SK C&C."}, {"section_header": "International operations | India", "text": "They also signed an MOU with the state government of Maharashtra to set up an electronics manufacturing plant in Maharashtra with an investment of $5 billion within a 5-year period."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Foxconn Technology Group and better known as Foxconn, is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturer with its headquarters in Tucheng, New Taipei City."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Foxconn's first manufacturing plant in China opened in Longhua Town, Shenzhen, in 1988.One of the important milestones for Foxconn occurred in 2001 when Intel selected the company to manufacture its Intel-branded motherboards instead of Asus."}], "text": "The company manufactures around forty percents of all the electronic goods from all around the world.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Foxconn"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He ranked sixth in major league history in double plays (1,160) upon retiring, and was sixth in AL history in games (1,519), putouts (3,600), assists (4,706) and total chances (8,566) and seventh in fielding percentage (.970)."}], "id": "0ZbVdSfaFtrByy20ijYb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In Game 1 he started the scoring with a solo home run in the second inning, had an RBI single and was walked twice (once intentionally), and turned a double play with the tying run on first base to end a 3-2 win."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He ranked sixth in major league history in double plays (1,160) upon retiring, and was sixth in AL history in games (1,519), putouts (3,600), assists (4,706) and total chances (8,566) and seventh in fielding percentage (.970)."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He doubled in two runs in the ninth inning of Game 4 to give the Yankees their final 7-4 lead, four batters after Dodger catcher Mickey Owen famously dropped a third strike which would have ended the game."}, {"section_header": "Later years", "text": "He then went on to manage for four different MLB teams."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "In the final Game 6, he homered to give the Indians a 2-1 lead in the sixth inning, and they went on to win 4-3 to capture the championship."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In Game 3, a 5-2 win, he had a solo home run to tie the game 1-1 in the fifth inning, and singled home two more runs in the sixth."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "His seven double plays in the Series are still the record for a six-game Series."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Gordon hit .358 while at Oregon which ranks him tied for fourth in team history."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In Game 4, he drove in the tying run with one out in the ninth inning, and the Yankees scored three in the tenth to win 7-4 and complete another sweep for their fourth straight championship."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "His five double plays (three of them in Game 2) remain a record for a five-game Series."}], "text": "Gordon was listed 7th in MLB history in double plays.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Gordon"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "Weber was born in Eutin, Bishopric of L\u00fcbeck, the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber and his second wife, Genovefa Weber, a Viennese singer."}], "id": "0f2l1QIgOq7l2TeN381g", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "So Mozart's wife was a cousin of Carl Maria von Weber."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "Weber was born in Eutin, Bishopric of L\u00fcbeck, the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber and his second wife, Genovefa Weber, a Viennese singer."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "As the daily routine did not leave sufficient time for own creative work, Weber abandoned the prolongation of his two-year appointment."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "The \"von\" was an affectation of his father, who was not actually an aristocrat."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "After moving to Salzburg (autumn 1797) Carl Maria studied with Michael Haydn (starting 1798), the younger brother of Joseph Haydn, who agreed to teach Carl Maria free of charge."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "A brilliant pianist himself, Weber composed four sonatas, two concertos and the Konzertst\u00fcck in F minor (concert piece), which influenced composers such as Chopin, Liszt and Mendelssohn."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Carl Maria von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 \u2013  5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, and was one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "He tried repeatedly to establish a lasting company of his own but only accomplished interludes which lasted for a year or two."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "In 1823, Weber composed his first (and only) full-length, through-written opera Euryanthe to a libretto by Helmina von Ch\u00e9zy, several passages of which (notably the music for the villainous couple Lysiart and Eglantine) anticipate the early, romantic operas of Richard Wagner."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Homage has been paid to Weber by 20th-century composers such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Mahler (who completed Weber's unfinished comic opera Die drei Pintos and made revisions of Euryanthe and Oberon) and Hindemith (composer of the popular Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, based on lesser-known keyboard works and the incidental music to Turandot)."}], "text": "Von Weber had two younger siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Carl Maria von Weber"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist."}], "id": "0kQfFx5TNEj73Sb5KLyg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sons and Lovers is a 1913 novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence, originally published by Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd., London, and Mitchell Kennerley Publishers, New York."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The novel is dedicated to Garnett."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable'; he encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "He did not return to the novel for three months, at which point it was titled 'Paul Morel'."}], "text": "The novel Sons and Lovers was not received very highly until later and was the third novel by the author.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", "text": "On 22 July, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to establish governance for Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "The eyewitness accounts from the crusaders themselves leave little doubt that there was great slaughter in the aftermath of the siege."}], "id": "0lQaOVGwVAi71vNZOSVm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Nicaea", "text": "The first objective of their campaign was Nicaea, previously a city under Byzantine rule, but"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The First Crusade (1096\u20131099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Recruitment", "text": "As the secular medieval world was so deeply ingrained with the spiritual world of the church, it is quite likely that personal piety was a major factor for many crusaders."}, {"section_header": "Council of Clermont", "text": "Urban responded favourably, perhaps hoping to heal the Great Schism of forty years earlier, and to reunite the Church under papal primacy by helping the Eastern churches in their time of need."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade as there was no pilgrimage, no vow and no formal authorisation by the church."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "These were deployed by the Church in the Christian conflicts with Muslims during in the 11th century in the Iberian Peninsula and in campaign against the Emirate of Sicily Gregory VII"}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Recruitment", "text": "Typically, preaching would conclude with every volunteer taking a vow to complete a pilgrimage to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre; they were also given a cross, usually sewn onto their clothes."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "The Eastern church viewed the pope as only one of the five patriarchs of the Church, alongside the Patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "Rather, they resolved to take the city by assault."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "Western Christians wanted a more effective church and demonstrated an increased piety."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", "text": "On 22 July, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to establish governance for Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "The eyewitness accounts from the crusaders themselves leave little doubt that there was great slaughter in the aftermath of the siege."}], "text": "The First Crusade objective was at times supported by the church and became a campaign to take hold of the ancient spiritual city where Christ set up his church even by violent means.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "First Crusade"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "She has a younger brother named David, who is a singer, and an older sister, Angela."}], "id": "0xSDYmE8TuGMWpF8p9EB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "She made her film debut in the 3D family motion picture The Smurfs as Smurfette on July 29, 2011."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Her parents are born again Christians, each having turned to religion after a \"wild youth\"."}, {"section_header": "Tours", "text": "Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) The Complete Confection (2012) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) Smile (2020) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Her family struggled financially, sometimes using food stamps and eating from the food bank intended to feed the congregation at her parents' church."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "In March 2015, she appeared in Brand: A Second Coming, a documentary following her ex-husband Russell Brand's transition from comedy work to activism, and released a concert film titled Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour through Epix, which took place during her tour of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (n\u00e9e Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home, a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California on May 19, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Smile and motherhood", "text": "At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, Perry performed \"Here You Come Again\", alongside Dolly Parton and Kacey Musgraves, as part of a tribute to Parton."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The disco-influenced Teenage Dream (2010) spawned five chart topping  U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles\u2013\"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.\", and \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\" \u2014 a record tying her with Michael Jackson's Bad."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "She has a younger brother named David, who is a singer, and an older sister, Angela."}], "text": "Katy comes as the last born in her family.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "We Like Digging? (1995) The Fourth World (1997) Stagg Street Recordings (1999) Maroon 5 have been the recipients of three Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, and three People's Choice Awards, with five Teen Choice Awards, and eight Billboard Music Awards."}], "id": "19rtorVYzODusKQXM38n", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical style and influences", "text": "I'm just glad that everyone likes it.\" James Valentine called Overexposed"}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "V received mixed reviews from critics."}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "The album received mixed reviews from music critics, though many of them praised it for its production."}, {"section_header": "History | 2017\u20132018: Red Pill Blues", "text": "At the 2017 Teen Choice Awards on August 13, where the band received the Decade Award."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On the same year, the band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "Later, the band performed at the Grammy Awards' Christmas special, entitled A Very Grammy Christmas, on November 18, 2014 and at the iHeartRadio Jingle Ball Tour 2014 on December 12, 2014.\"Sugar\" was released as the third single from the album on January 13, 2015."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to The Beatles, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of The Beatles' arrival in the United States."}, {"section_header": "History | 2017\u20132018: Red Pill Blues", "text": "Like the band's previous two albums, Red Pill Blues was received mixed reviews due to the band's overwhelming pop direction."}, {"section_header": "History | 2019\u2013present: Super Bowl LIII halftime show, Madden's departure and upcoming seventh studio album", "text": "The year's pre-Super Bowl performance received positive reception by audiences, an improvement to the band's previous Super Bowl performance in 2019."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the \"unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8\"."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "We Like Digging? (1995) The Fourth World (1997) Stagg Street Recordings (1999) Maroon 5 have been the recipients of three Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, and three People's Choice Awards, with five Teen Choice Awards, and eight Billboard Music Awards."}], "text": "We Like Digging? did not receive a Grammy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such as Cardinals Alexander Farnese, Reginald Pole and Charles Borromeo."}], "id": "1AAkEjMhSLUHdjReYz9I", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Career before papacy", "text": "It was there that he formed a lasting and close relationship with the Spanish King, which was to become very important in his foreign policy as Pope."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Unlike some of his predecessors, he was to lead a faultless personal life, becoming a model for his simplicity of life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 \u2013 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Canonizations and beatifications", "text": "The pope canonized four saints during his pontificate and in 1584 beatified his predecessor Pope Gregory VII."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Career before papacy", "text": "Pope Paul IV (1555\u20131559) attached him as datarius to the suite of Cardinal Carlo Carafa, Pope Pius IV (1559\u20131565) made him Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto Vecchio and sent him to the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such as Cardinals Alexander Farnese, Reginald Pole and Charles Borromeo."}], "text": "Pope Gregory XIII was an math teacher before becoming pope.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By AllMusic are considered as the \"biggest rock act in Japan and the entirety of Asia\"."}, {"section_header": "Awards and achievements", "text": "include \"the most number one singles (49), most consecutive number one singles (49), longest streak of number one singles (49), total weeks singles were at number one (66), longest consecutive period with a single at number one (20 Years), most singles in the top 10 concurrently (9), the most million-selling albums (19), most number-one albums (26), and the only artist in history to lead all six major categories tracked by Oricon\" among others, including total CD shipment of over 100 million copies and other about home videos."}], "id": "1AgN6lyeBMmb6dzj1TmE", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "On 19 November 2007, B'z was inducted into Hollywood's RockWalk as the first Asian inductee in Sunset Boulevard, California, United States."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th anniversary (2008\u20132009)", "text": "no Face-\", which became their forty-first consecutive No. 1 single."}, {"section_header": "Awards and achievements", "text": "include \"the most number one singles (49), most consecutive number one singles (49), longest streak of number one singles (49), total weeks singles were at number one (66), longest consecutive period with a single at number one (20 Years), most singles in the top 10 concurrently (9), the most million-selling albums (19), most number-one albums (26), and the only artist in history to lead all six major categories tracked by Oricon\" among others, including total CD shipment of over 100 million copies and other about home videos."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By AllMusic are considered as the \"biggest rock act in Japan and the entirety of Asia\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "By AllMusic are considered as the \"biggest rock act in Japan and the entirety of Asia\", while the popular music historian Norman Abjorensen described them as one of the most notable J-pop music acts who achieved Asian and global fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "On 1 August, their box set The Complete B'z was digitally released only for the Japanese iTunes Store."}, {"section_header": "History | Returning to the music scene (1999\u20132000)", "text": "It is considered their heaviest rock album at that point."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}, {"section_header": "History | Transitioning into hard rock (1991\u20131992)", "text": "The release of the album marked B'z shying away from their advanced digital sounds and more towards rock."}], "text": "The Japanese rock duo B'z who released 49 consecutive number 1 singles, and are considered the \"biggest rock act in Japan\" were the first Asian inductees into Hollywoods' Rockwalk in Sunset Boulevard, California, United States.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Hawthorne wrote to him, \"We were not, it is true, so well acquainted at college, that I can plead an absolute right to inflict my 'twice-told' tediousness upon you; but I have often regretted that we were not better known.\" In his 14-page critique in the April issue of the North American Review, Longfellow praised the book as a work of genius."}], "id": "1Ebdnp3KNBXz60W0KSg2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "In a new preface, Hawthorne wrote that the stories \"may be understood and felt by anybody, who will give himself the trouble to read it, and will take up the book in a proper mood.\" About a week after the publication of the book, Hawthorne sent a copy to his classmate from Bowdoin College, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"To this little book\", Longfellow wrote, \"we would say, 'Live ever, sweet, sweet book.'"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\u2014he needs roast-beef, done rare."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\" For his review of the second edition, Longfellow noted that Hawthorne's writing \"is characterized by a large proportion of feminine elements, depth and tenderness of feeling, exceeding purity of mind.\" He referred to the collection's \"The Gentle Boy\" as \"on the whole, the finest thing he ever wrote\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "For the Boston Quarterly Review, Orestes Brownson noted Hawthorne's writings as \"a pure and living stream of manly thought and feeling, which characterizes always the true man, the Christian, the republican and the patriot.\" After reading Twice-Told Tales, Herman Melville wrote to Evert Augustus Duyckinck that the stories weren't meaty enough. \" Their deeper meanings are worthy of a Brahmin."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "\" The quote referenced may also be Hawthorne's way of acknowledging a belief that many of his stories were ironic retellings of familiar tropes."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Hawthorne wrote to him, \"We were not, it is true, so well acquainted at college, that I can plead an absolute right to inflict my 'twice-told' tediousness upon you; but I have often regretted that we were not better known.\" In his 14-page critique in the April issue of the North American Review, Longfellow praised the book as a work of genius."}], "text": "Of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that the short story form had rarely been so ill-used.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "you hear the grating roar\"). The beach, however, is bare, with only a hint of humanity in a light that \"gleams and is gone\"."}], "id": "1EgYqJYP8PxkZKAr31pU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching \"Dover Beach\" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above)."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Samuel Barber composed a setting of \"Dover Beach\" for string quartet and baritone."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "William Butler Yeats responds directly to Arnold's pessimism in his four-line poem, \"The Nineteenth Century and After\" (1929): Anthony Hecht, US Poet Laureate, replied to \"Dover Beach\" in his poem \"The Dover Bitch\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Beach\" has been mentioned in a number of novels, plays, poems, and films: In Dodie Smith's novel, I Capture the Castle (1940), the book's protagonist remarks that Debussy's Clair de Lune reminds her of \"Dover Beach\" (in the film adaptation of the novel, the character quotes (or, rather, misquotes) a line from the poem)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "In Stefan Collini's opinion, \"Dover Beach\" is a difficult poem to analyze, and some of its passages and metaphors  have become so well known that they are hard to see with \"fresh eyes\"."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role (\"Listen!"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Kevin Kline's character, Cal Gold, in the film The Anniversary Party recites part of \"Dover Beach\" as a toast."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "The Bangles' song \"Dover Beach\", from the album All Over the Place (lyrics by Susanna Hoffs and Vicki Peterson) Nora's Lost, a short drama by Alan Haehnel, Daljit Nagra's prize-winning poem \" Look We Have Coming to Dover!\" which quotes the line, \"So various, so beautiful, so new\" as its epigraph, the poem \"Moon\" by Billy Collins,"}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "you hear the grating roar\"). The beach, however, is bare, with only a hint of humanity in a light that \"gleams and is gone\"."}], "text": "Dover Beach is a poem about a populated beach.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dover Beach"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phones are generally banned and only limited broadcast entertainment is permitted."}], "id": "1Gna1Ays4baBFBzDMwuK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inmate population", "text": "The hour outside of the cell is for exercise and a phone call if they have earned the privilege."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "ADX Florence is a 37-acre (15 ha) complex located at 5880 Highway 67, Florence, Colorado, about 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and 40 miles (64 km) south of Colorado Springs."}, {"section_header": "Inmate population", "text": "The supermax unit at ADX Florence houses about 400 male inmates, each assigned to one of six security levels."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "Correctional officers deliver food to the cells, although inmates sent to ADX from other prisons can potentially be allowed to eat in a shared dining room."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Federal Bureau of Prisons director Norman Carlson argued for the creation of a new type of facility where the most dangerous, uncontrollable inmates could be isolated from correction officers and other prisoners for security and safety."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence, which opened in 1994, is classed as a supermax or \"control unit\" prison, thus providing a higher level of custody than a maximum security prison."}, {"section_header": "Inmate population", "text": "Some cells have showers which reduces the amount of handling that correctional officers have to perform."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "All cells are sound-proofed to prevent prisoners from communicating with one another."}, {"section_header": "Inmate population", "text": "They are confined in a single-person cell for 23 hours a day and are removed under restraint (handcuffed, shackled, or both); their one hour out of their cell may occur at any time of the day or night."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phones are generally banned and only limited broadcast entertainment is permitted."}], "text": "ADX Florence has various types of security cells and cell phones are typically prohibited.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "ADX Florence"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}], "id": "1IFUundHni19mP3ZlDrK", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "The Christian church's interpretation of the Song as evidence of God's love for his people, both collectively and individually, began with Origen."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "The text thus became a description, depending on the aspect, of the creation of the world, the passage of Shabbat, the covenant with Israel, and the coming of the Messianic age. \" Lecha Dodi\", a 16th-century liturgical song with strong Kabbalistic symbolism, contains many passages, including its opening two words, taken directly from Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Subject of the Song I Hate Heaven by The Residents, which is featured in their bible"}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "These theological themes are not in the poem, but derive from a theological reading; nevertheless, what is notable about this approach is the way it leads to conclusions not found in the overtly theological books of the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b4\u05bc\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd"}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "\u00c1d\u00e1m Bal\u00e1zs Czinege's Shir Hashirim (2017) Rami Bar-Niv's Uri Tsafon (Song of Songs 4, 16: Awake, North Wind) (1972) Several passages from the Song of Songs were set to music in contemporary Israel - [1] [2][3]"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Eliza Gilkyson's \"Rose of Sharon\" on her album \"Your town tonight\" is based on her reading of Song of Songs in a hotel room Gideon Bible, as explained in her intro to the song."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "In modern times the poem has attracted the attention of feminist biblical critics, with Phyllis Trible's foundational \"Depatriarchalizing in Biblical Interpretation\" treating it as an exemplary text and the Feminist Companion to the Bible series edited by Athalya Brenner and Carole Fontaine devoting to it two volumes (1993, 2000)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "\"The Song of Solomon\" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs."}], "text": "The Song of Solomon is a passage from the Bible detailing some \"laws\" in the Christian faith.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}], "id": "1J5nMyKOcuXSvfgBvQEo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Includes \"14th Calypso,\" \"119th Calypso,\" and \"Nice Very Nice.\" Narrated by Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Vonnegut collaborated with US composer Dave Soldier for a CD titled Ice-9 Ballads, featuring nine songs with lyrics taken from Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot summary", "text": "Among some odd unfoldings in Ilium, the narrator meets Hoenniker's younger son, a dwarf named Newt, who recounts that his father was doing nothing more than playing the string game \"cat's cradle\" when the first bomb was dropped."}, {"section_header": "Style", "text": "Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Vonnegut himself has claimed that his books \"are essentially mosaics made up of a whole bunch of tiny little chips...and each chip is a joke.\" After World War II, Kurt Vonnegut worked in the public relations department for the General Electric research company."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme."}], "text": "Cat's Cradle is a novel that was first written by Kurt Vonnegut as a Graduate proposal but was denied.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}], "id": "1KMiMxAAjiDaoNWpv54H", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the fall of the Berlin Wall or \"Festival of Freedom\" on the evening of 9 November 2009."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}], "text": "Brandenburg Gate was built  at a previous city gate that John F. Kennedy visited and has symbolized freedom.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}], "id": "1M3n8nYkQHpi3JD6Bvbi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "On 27 February 1964, the government of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "Because of this, the tower is curved."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "On 9 August 1173, the foundations of the tower were laid."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "The tower and the neighbouring cathedral, baptistery, and cemetery are included in the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was declared in 1987.The tower was closed to the public on 7 January 1990, after more than two decades of stabilisation studies and spurred by the abrupt collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia in 1989."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178."}], "text": "The tower is located in Italy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The plot, which occurs in real time, centers on a town marshal whose sense of duty is tested when he must decide to either face a gang of killers alone, or leave town with his new wife."}], "id": "1QnjOWtOMPLYo5rDzqXl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "David Bishop argued that had Quaker Amy not helped her husband by shooting a man in the back, such inaction would have pulled pacifism \"toward apollonian decadence\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "High Noon is referenced several times on the HBO drama series The Sopranos."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In this sense it is a cousin to A Man for All Seasons."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "Tony Soprano cites Gary Cooper's character as the archetype of what a man should be, mentally tough and stoic."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Amy understands why Helen is fleeing\u2014out of fear of Miller and having split from Pell\u2014but the reverse is not true: Helen tells Amy that if Kane were her man, she would not abandon him in his hour of need."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The railroad station was built for the film alongside a water tower at Warnerville, about 15 miles to the southwest."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Cooper was reluctant to film the fight scene with Bridges due to ongoing problems with his back, but did, without the use of a stunt double."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Although Wayne's contempt for the film and refusal of its lead role were well known, he said, \"I'm glad to see they're giving this to a man who is not only most deserving, but has conducted himself throughout the years in our business in a manner that we can all be proud of ... Now that I'm through being such a good sport ... I'm going back and find my business manager and agent ... and find out why I didn't get High Noon instead of Cooper ... \"After Wayne turned down the Will Kane role, Kramer offered it to Gregory Peck, who declined because he felt it was too similar to his role in The Gunfighter, the year before."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film \u2014 an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The plot, which occurs in real time, centers on a town marshal whose sense of duty is tested when he must decide to either face a gang of killers alone, or leave town with his new wife."}], "text": "The film is a suspenseful drama about a man and his husband.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "High Noon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "According to the 1870 census, a Michael Kelly of his age was working in a silk mill in Paterson as of that year."}], "id": "1SIHTj7Xea145JYCcw1o", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "He was billed as \"King Kelly, the Monarch of the Baseball Field.\" His trousers and shirt collar were too big and he buttoned his jacket wrong."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first written by a baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "According to the 1870 census, a Michael Kelly of his age was working in a silk mill in Paterson as of that year."}, {"section_header": "Casey at the Bat", "text": "\" Thayer, as a baseball reporter for the San Francisco Examiner, had seen Kelly play after the 1887 season, when he was on a playing tour to San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "It was in Boston that Mike became \"King\" Kelly, although he was still overwhelmingly referred to as \"Mike\" or \"The Only\" in contemporaneous reporting."}, {"section_header": "Later career", "text": "Before disbanding, Kelly failed to heed Johnson's instructions to release the players."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "Right before the sale, Chicago writer Happy Palmer quoted Spalding about his plans to manage Kelly: \" Oh, tie him up, I guess, if he really is averse to playing here."}, {"section_header": "Controversy and cheating", "text": "He was a rattling all-around man, but his cleverest work was done behind the plate [while catching]."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "After dinner the night before, Kelly had told Morrill he was ill, and Morrill said he should still report."}], "text": "King Kelly worked in the textile industry before he played baseball professionally.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1950s London, it stars Day-Lewis as an haute couture dressmaker who takes a young waitress, played by Krieps as his muse."}], "id": "1UcUybMjKZA9PzHDcYMf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread premiered in New York City on December 11, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "The film can, and does, but the picture is so hackneyed \u2212 pram, baby, walk in the park \u2212 that it has to be a dream, or an irony.\" Phantom Thread was listed on many critics' top ten lists for 2017."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1950s London, it stars Day-Lewis as an haute couture dressmaker who takes a young waitress, played by Krieps as his muse."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming also took place in 2017 at Owlpen Manor in the Cotswolds and in the London neighborhood of Fitzrovia, in Fitzroy Square, and Grafton Mews."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Phantom Thread grossed $21.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $47.8 million, against a production budget of $35 million."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Christy Lemire of the LAFCA placed the film second on her list of ten best films of 2017, describing it as \"captivating\" and"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is the first Anderson film shot outside the United States, with principal photography beginning in January 2017 in Lythe, England."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1954 London, fashion designer Reynolds Woodcock creates dresses for members of high society."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "It was reported in June 2017 that Anderson would be serving as his own cinematographer on the film as his regular cinematographer Robert Elswit was unavailable during production."}], "text": "Phantom Thread occurs  in London in the 1950s but was filmed in 2017.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Phantom Thread"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}], "id": "1XZuN16fv1nLchysAzTW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "In 1915, he won his first World Series game (the opening game of that series), for the Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "It would be 65 years before the Phillies won another World Series game."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander attended Game 3 of the 1950 World Series at Yankee Stadium where he saw the Phillies lose to the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "He was also sometimes called \"Alec\", and on occasions when he succeeded in grand fashion (as with the 1926 World Series), they would call him \"Alexander the Great\"."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "The Cubs manager, Joe McCarthy, supposedly said that even with Alexander, the Cubs had finished last the previous season, \"...and if they finished last again, I'd rather it was without him.\" The Cardinals won the National League pennant that year and met the New York Yankees in the World Series, where Alexander pitched complete game victories in Games 2 and 6."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \"Ol' Pete.\" In The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "In spite of all this, Alexander gave Chicago several successful years and won another pitching triple crown in 1920."}], "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander birthplace is Ukiah, California and he won a Worlds Series with the Phillies.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling moai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}], "id": "1YUI6pCznLc5d1yhFKGH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling moai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics", "text": "Their bodies are normally squatting, with their arms resting in different positions and are without legs."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "In 2008, a Finnish tourist chipped a piece off the ear of one moai."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "All but 53 of the more than 900 moai known to date were carved from tuff (a compressed volcanic ash) from Rano Raraku, where 394 moai in varying states of completion are still visible today."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Creating the moai was one way the islanders would honor their ancestors; during the height of the birdman cult there is evidence which suggests that the construction of moai stopped."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Oral histories include one account of a clan pushing down a single moai in the night, but others refer to the \"earth shaking\", and there are indications that at least some of them fell down due to earthquakes."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\"One of the most fascinating sights at Orongo are the hundreds of petroglyphs carved with birdman and Makemake images."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "At some point after the 1722 Roggeveen visit, all of the moai that had been erected on ahus were toppled, with the last standing statues reported in 1838 by Abel Aubert Dupetit Thouars, and no upright statues by 1868, apart from the partially buried ones on the outer slopes of Rano Raraku."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145\u2013165 tons (160\u2013182 metric tons)."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Some were incomplete because, when inclusions were encountered, the carvers would abandon a partial statue and start a new one (tuff is a soft rock with occasional lumps of much harder rock included in it)."}], "text": "Only one kneeling moai has visible legs.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "An interesting example of such materials is polyaspartate, a water-soluble biodegradable polymer that may have applications in disposable diapers and agriculture."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "Amino acids have been considered as components of  biodegradable polymers, which have applications as environmentally friendly packaging and in medicine in drug delivery and the construction of prosthetic implants."}], "id": "1lF3T1J2GzjLKUyB1ALf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "In addition, the aromatic amino acid tyrosine has been considered as a possible replacement for phenols such as bisphenol A in the manufacture of polycarbonates."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "These fertilizers are also used to prevent deficiencies from occurring and improving the overall health of the plants."}, {"section_header": "General structure | Isomerism", "text": "Almost all of the amino acids in proteins are (S) at the \u03b1 carbon, with cysteine being (R) and glycine non-chiral."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hydroxyproline, a major component of the connective tissue collagen, is synthesised from proline."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Selenocysteine is incorporated when the mRNA being translated includes a SECIS element, which causes the UGA codon to encode selenocysteine instead of a stop codon."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "Due to its solubility and ability to chelate metal ions, polyaspartate is also being used as a biodegradeable anti-scaling agent and a corrosion inhibitor."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Nullomers", "text": "This characteristic can be taken advantage of and used to create new selective cancer-fighting drugs and to prevent cross-contamination of DNA samples from crime-scene investigations."}, {"section_header": "General structure | Isomerism", "text": "They are also abundant components of the peptidoglycan cell walls of bacteria, and D-serine may act as a neurotransmitter in the brain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the form of proteins, amino acid residues form the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles and other tissues."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "Amino acids have been considered as components of  biodegradable polymers, which have applications as environmentally friendly packaging and in medicine in drug delivery and the construction of prosthetic implants."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "An interesting example of such materials is polyaspartate, a water-soluble biodegradable polymer that may have applications in disposable diapers and agriculture."}], "text": "Amino acids are being researched as possible components of the garments that prevent infants soiling the floor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Amino acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "She is among the few actresses to have won three of the four major American entertainment awards (EGOT)."}], "id": "1n320DFVx3vNkjQfvcgI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1994\u20131996: Film breakthrough", "text": "She won the Screen Actors Guild and British Academy Film Award for Best Supporting Actress, and received nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award in the same category."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u20132011: Awards success", "text": "She won a Golden Globe Award for each of these films, and for the latter, she was awarded the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "She is among the few actresses to have won three of the four major American entertainment awards (EGOT)."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "She has also won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries for Mildred Pierce (2011), and the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for narrating the children's audiobook Listen to the Storyteller (1999)."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "Academy Awards: Best Actress, win, for The Reader (2008) 88th Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress, nomination, for Steve Jobs (2015)Winslet has won three BAFTA Awards: Best Actress for The Reader (2008); and Best Supporting Actress for Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Steve Jobs (2016)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Winslet won an AACTA Award for Best Actress."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Living in a family of actors inspired her to pursue acting from a young age."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Her maternal grandparents were both actors and ran the Reading Repertory Theatre Company."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u20132011: Awards success", "text": "Set entirely inside an apartment, the black comedy follows two sets of parents feuding over their respective children."}], "text": "English actor Kate Winslet is apart of an elite group of actors that have won at least 3 awards out of the 4 popular U.S. award show.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}], "id": "1pDqOhth5zEgrX4q9jui", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's has come to be associated with the Christmas season, probably because of the inclusion of a scene involving a Christmas pageant at the school, a major plot point involving an unlikely (yet prayed for) gift, and the film's having been released in December 1945."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by Leo McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their school from being shut down."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"It's Spring\" (\"V\u00e5rvindar friska\" in Swedish) sung by Ingrid Bergman"}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}], "text": "The poem by Leo McCarey \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" has become associated with Christmas and was referenced in the movie It's a Wonderful Life.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Promotion in Germany and Austria", "text": "Though the advertisement posters and wallpapers may not show Nazi iconography, this does not apply to \"works of art\", according to German law and Austrian law, so the film itself is neither censored in Germany nor Austria."}], "id": "1u5FyKAg9mCUk9JiECXA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "To comply with Germany's prohibition of the swastika symbol, some German DVD and Blu-ray releases of the film show a bullet hole partially obscuring the swastika on the cover."}, {"section_header": "Release | Promotion in Germany and Austria", "text": "Though the advertisement posters and wallpapers may not show Nazi iconography, this does not apply to \"works of art\", according to German law and Austrian law, so the film itself is neither censored in Germany nor Austria."}, {"section_header": "Release | Promotion in Germany and Austria", "text": "The title has the swastika removed and the steel helmet has a bullet hole instead of the Nazi symbol."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "It was released in Germany on August 20, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Release | Promotion in Germany and Austria", "text": "Universal Pictures adjusted the film's German publicity website to the German and Austrian penal law, as the display of Nazi iconography is restricted in Germany."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "so he could never hide the fact that he was a Nazi soldier."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Despite this, Anne Thompson of Variety praised the film, but opined that it was not a masterpiece, claiming, \"Inglourious Basterds is great fun to watch, but the movie isn't entirely engaging ... You don't jump into the world of the film in a participatory way; you watch it from a distance, appreciating the references and the masterful mise en sc\u00e8ne."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists."}], "text": "For the release of Inglourious Basterds in Germany, the cover art had to be altered in order to hide a symbol of hate but not the symbol in the actual movie itself. .", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for ten Golden Globe Awards, winning one for Best Actor for his performance of the title role in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), and has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Actor, among other accolades."}], "id": "1ui3rIAjwko5fqeFxP3Q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career", "text": "had [Burton and Depp] never met.\" Depp won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role, and was nominated for the third time for the Academy Award for Best Actor."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for ten Golden Globe Awards, winning one for Best Actor for his performance of the title role in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), and has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Actor, among other accolades."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Producer Scott Rudin has stated that \"basically Johnny Depp is playing Tim Burton in all his movies\"; although Burton disapproved of the comment, Depp agrees with it."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships | Relationship with Amber Heard", "text": "There was never any intent of physical or emotional harm.\" Depp paid Heard a settlement of US$7 million, which she donated to charity."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp played convicted Boston crime boss Whitey Bulger in director Scott Cooper's Black Mass (2015), which earned him his third nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "\" Depp's claims came under scrutiny when Indian Country Today stated that Depp had never inquired about his heritage nor was he recognized as a member of the Cherokee Nation."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp reprised the role of Jack Sparrow in the Pirates sequels"}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp was again nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for his performance as Scottish author J. M. Barrie in the film Finding Neverland (2004)."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "After a starring role in the comedy Private Resort (1985), Depp was cast in the lead role of the skating drama Thrashin' (1986) by the film's director, but the decision was later overridden by its producer."}], "text": "Johnny Depp never won any awards for his roles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It began in 1823; however, the term \"Monroe Doctrine\" itself was not coined until 1850."}], "id": "1vwiCIh32TSFWQ30b5tV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Doctrine", "text": "The full document of the Monroe Doctrine, written chiefly by future-President and then-Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, is long and couched in diplomatic language, but its essence is expressed in two key passages."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Global Monroe Doctrine", "text": "Scholars such as Neil Smith have written that Woodrow Wilson effectively proposed a \"Global Monroe Doctrine\" expanding US supremacy over the entire world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It began in 1823; however, the term \"Monroe Doctrine\" itself was not coined until 1850."}, {"section_header": "Effects | The \"Roosevelt Corollary\"", "text": "As the U.S. began to emerge as a world power, the Monroe Doctrine came to define a recognized sphere of control that few dared to challenge."}, {"section_header": "Effects | The \"Olney Corollary\"", "text": "The statement reinforced the original purpose of the Monroe Doctrine, that the U.S. had the right to intervene in its own hemisphere and foreshadowed the events of the Spanish\u2013American War three years later."}, {"section_header": "Effects | 21st-century approaches | America First", "text": "Venezuela's representative listed 27 interventions in Latin America that Venezuela considers to be implementations of the Monroe Doctrine and stated that, in the context of the statements, they consider it \"a direct military threat to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After 1898, the Monroe Doctrine was reinterpreted in terms of multilateralism and non-intervention by Latin American lawyers and intellectuals."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Post-Bol\u00edvar events", "text": "Cuba came under U.S. control and remained so until it was granted formal independence in 1902."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In fact, for many years after the doctrine took effect, Britain, through the Royal Navy, was the sole nation enforcing it, the U.S. lacking sufficient naval capability."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Latin American reinterpretation", "text": "They sought a fresh continental approach to international law in terms of multilateralism and non-intervention."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas."}], "text": "The Monroe Doctrine term came about 27 years after the document had been written.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monroe Doctrine"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public service | Relationship with Trajan and his family", "text": "Late in Trajan's reign, Hadrian failed to achieve a senior consulship, being only suffect consul for 108; this gave him parity of status with other members of the senatorial nobility, but no particular distinction befitting an heir designate."}], "id": "1xcYWnouQR4k2rZVRlOb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Hadrian's great-nephew, Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, from Barcino (Barcelona) would become Hadrian's colleague as co-consul in 118."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "In 136 he adopted one of the ordinary consuls of that year, Lucius Ceionius Commodus, who as an emperor-in waiting took the name Lucius Aelius Caesar."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His only sibling was an elder sister, Aelia Domitia Paulina."}, {"section_header": "Public service", "text": "During the Second Dacian War, Hadrian was in Trajan's personal service again, but was released to serve as legate of Legio"}, {"section_header": "Final years", "text": "Hadrian spent the final years of his life at Rome."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Greece (124\u2013125)", "text": "During his tour of the Peloponnese, Hadrian persuaded the Spartan grandee Eurycles Herculanus \u2013 leader of the Euryclid family that had ruled Sparta since Augustus' day \u2013 to enter the Senate, alongside the Athenian grandee Herodes Atticus the Elder."}, {"section_header": "Public service | Relationship with Trajan and his family", "text": "Late in Trajan's reign, Hadrian failed to achieve a senior consulship, being only suffect consul for 108; this gave him parity of status with other members of the senatorial nobility, but no particular distinction befitting an heir designate."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "During his final, protracted illness, Hadrian was prevented from suicide on several occasions."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities | Antinous", "text": "The cult of Antinous was to become very popular in the Greek-speaking world, and also found support in the West."}, {"section_header": "Public service | Relationship with Trajan and his family", "text": "Around the time of his quaestorship, in 100 or 101, Hadrian had married Trajan's seventeen or eighteen-year-old grandniece, Vibia Sabina."}], "text": "During Trajan's years as ruler, Hadrian become elder consul.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}], "id": "270UGpTnlizHfniCTcg5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Most housecarls fought with the two-handed Danish battleaxe, but they could also carry a sword."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The battle took place 7 miles (11 km) north of Hastings at the present-day town of Battle, between two hills \u2013 Caldbec Hill to the north and Telham Hill to the south."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The fyrd and the housecarls both fought on foot, with the major difference between them being the housecarls' superior armour."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Dispositions of forces and tactics", "text": "The centre was held by the Normans, under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000\u20138,000 English troops."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Beginning of the battle", "text": "This may mean that the two brothers led the pursuit."}, {"section_header": "William's preparations and landing | Norman forces at Hastings", "text": "Both the infantry and cavalry usually fought with a straight sword, long and double-edged."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Reasons for the outcome", "text": "One was the need to defend against two almost simultaneous invasions."}], "text": "Battle of Hastings was fought between two parties.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Alternatively, the span was just referred to as the \"Brooklyn Bridge\", a name originating in a January 25, 1867, letter to the editor sent to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "The city government passed a bill to officially name the structure the \"Brooklyn Bridge\" in January 1915."}], "id": "27HVljDiAvDCyyBH6AGO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Construction | Opposition", "text": "Another witness, a civil engineer, said that the calculations of the bridge's assumed strength of the bridge."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "The city government passed a bill to officially name the structure the \"Brooklyn Bridge\" in January 1915."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Alternatively, the span was just referred to as the \"Brooklyn Bridge\", a name originating in a January 25, 1867, letter to the editor sent to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Another popular nickname was the Brooklyn Bridge, because of the economic benefits the new crossing provided to the City of Brooklyn."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "To avoid public controversy, Haigh was not fired, but instead was required to personally pay for higher-quality wire."}, {"section_header": "Impact | Culture", "text": "To highlight the Brooklyn Bridge's cultural status, the city proposed building a Brooklyn Bridge museum near the bridge's Brooklyn end in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "Two bridge commissioners, one each from Brooklyn and Manhattan, petitioned New York state lawmakers to allot another $8 million for construction."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Nearing completion", "text": "The trustees later passed another resolution for another 500 short tons (450 long tons) of Bessemer steel."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Roebling was subsequently named the main engineer of the work, and by September 1867, had presented a master plan."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "During the process, it was determined that the main span would have to be raised from 130 to 135 feet (40 to 41 m) above MHW, requiring several changes to the overall design."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge's title was changed in 1916 to avoid confusion with another bridge with a similar name.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "The over-large heads (a three-to-five ratio between the head and the trunk, a sculptural trait that demonstrates the Polynesian belief in the sanctity of the chiefly head) have heavy brows and elongated noses with a distinctive fish-hook-shaped curl of the nostrils."}], "id": "2BjDLTZY9EfJ47GCaGAm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position.\" These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moai."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "This is partly because of the disproportionate size of most moai heads, and partly because many of the iconic images for the island showing upright moai are the statues on the slopes of Rano Raraku, many of which are buried to their shoulders."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Completed statues were moved to ahu mostly on the coast, then erected, sometimes with red stone cylinders (pukao) on their heads."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The over-large heads (a three-to-five ratio between the head and the trunk, a sculptural trait that demonstrates the Polynesian belief in the sanctity of the chiefly head) have heavy brows and elongated noses with a distinctive fish-hook-shaped curl of the nostrils."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "When first carved, the surface of the moai was polished smooth by rubbing with pumice."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "However, the easily worked tuff from which most moai were carved is easily eroded, such that the best place to see the surface detail is on the few moai carved from basalt or in photographs and other archaeological records of moai surfaces protected by burials."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "Those moai that are less eroded typically have designs carved on their backs and posteriors."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Almost all moai have overly large heads"}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Moai are carved in relatively flat planes, the faces bearing proud but enigmatic expressions."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "There are also 13 moai carved from basalt, 22 from trachyte and 17 from fragile red scoria."}], "text": "Moai have really big heads carved into them and many carvings have been moved over time. .", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which 14 people died in 2010, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at the base of buildings in some facilities and promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In 2012 and into 2013, three young Foxconn employees were reported to have died by jumping off buildings."}], "id": "2Ep0PPENd9stRfK0fMbc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major customers", "text": "The following list consists of Foxconn's present or past major customers."}, {"section_header": "International operations", "text": "The majority of Foxconn's factories are located in Asia, with others in Brazil, Europe, and Mexico."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees, for example in 2010 and 2011."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "One worker said the protest resulted from 600 workers being moved into a new \"unbearable\" factory location."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Foxconn's first manufacturing plant in China opened in Longhua Town, Shenzhen, in 1988.One of the important milestones for Foxconn occurred in 2001 when Intel selected the company to manufacture its Intel-branded motherboards instead of Asus."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "A Foxconn unit, Foxconn Interconnect Technology, announced its intent to acquire Belkin International for $866m on 26 March 2018.In 2019, there were reports stating that some of Foxconn's managers had used rejected parts to build iPhones."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In January 2012, there was a protest by workers about conditions in Wuhan, with 150 workers threatening to commit mass suicide if factory conditions were not improved."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted the media's attention."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "News reports highlight the long working hours, discrimination against Chinese workers by their Taiwanese co-workers, and lack of working relationships at the company."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "In September 2012, a fight at worker dormitories in Taiyuan, Shanxi, where a guard allegedly was beating a worker, escalated into a riot involving 2,000 people and was quelled by security."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which 14 people died in 2010, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at the base of buildings in some facilities and promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In 2012 and into 2013, three young Foxconn employees were reported to have died by jumping off buildings."}], "text": "There is no troubling string of self-terminations carried out by Foxconn's well-treated workers.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Foxconn"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had cost his Irish Catholic parents almost all of their possessions."}], "id": "2FtGvOLXGFBwqcEQXqxW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had cost his Irish Catholic parents almost all of their possessions."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "However, when Yawkey and Evans asked Cronin to scout Reese, Cronin realized he was scouting his replacement."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Cronin was also remembered as a clutch hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "\"I bought Cronin at a time he was hitting .221."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin attended Sacred Heart High School."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "You keep him and don't either you or Cronin show up at the ballpark."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin was born in Excelsior District of San Francisco, California."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Engel first spotted Cronin playing in Kansas City."}], "text": "Joe Cronin had Irish roots.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "MacPhail lived in Delray Beach, Florida, where he died November 8, 2012, at his home."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was 95. At time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer."}], "id": "2G7H2anviIKqUVjhOfwd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "MacPhail also played a major role in the Pine Tar Incident in 1983, where he ruled on a protested game stemming from a home run that had been taken away from Kansas City Royals slugger George Brett."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "MacPhail lived in Delray Beach, Florida, where he died November 8, 2012, at his home."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee was honored in 1998.His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, brought on by Ted Turner to create the department upon the network's launch."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "In addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV has been active in baseball as a scout or scouting director for numerous teams, including the Orioles, Twins, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "Lee MacPhail graduated from Swarthmore College and entered baseball in his father's Brooklyn Dodger organization, became business manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League in 1942, then served in the United States Navy during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was 95. At time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer."}], "text": "Lee MacPhail passed away at his home at the age of 92.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor."}], "id": "2HBhObZWfUfTnoscgsji", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor signed with the Fall River Indians of the New England League in June 1897."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Every winter, a banquet was held in Waterbury in Connor's honor."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "Connor's career mark of 138 was a benchmark not surpassed until 1921 by Babe Ruth."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor's wife Angeline kept the team's books and his daughter helped by collecting tickets."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "Both MLB.com and the independent Baseball-Reference.com now consider Connor's total to be 138."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "At one time, Connor's record was thought to be 131, per the Sporting News book Daguerreotypes."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Hall of Fame umpire Bill Klem had long campaigned on behalf of Connor's inclusion in the Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor."}], "text": "Roger Connor's parents were from England.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "Fingers attended Upland High School in the Southern California city of Upland, and later, he attended one semester at Chaffey Junior College."}], "id": "2PB7icwSv0GUSAhzL1PN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Income tax controversy", "text": "I had to go all the way back to 1981 on my income taxes."}, {"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "After getting to California, George Fingers had to eventually go back to work in another steel mill."}, {"section_header": "Fingers and modern relief pitching", "text": "Fingers is regarded as a pioneer of modern relief pitching, defining the role of the closer for years to come."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1977, 1978, and 1980 with the Padres."}, {"section_header": "In media | Radio", "text": "You deserve this.\" In 1994/1995 a comedy segment entitled \"Rollie TV\", concerning a fictitious cable television channel devoted solely to the life of Rollie Fingers and helmed by a Fingers-obsessed host named Greg Shuttlecock, aired once a week on The Steve Dahl Radio Show on WMVP 1000 AM in Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "In protest\u2014and believing the Athletics' management would want Jackson to shave\u2014Fingers and a few other players started going without shaving to force Jackson to shave off his beard."}, {"section_header": "In media | Television appearances", "text": "ISBN 978-1-57860-342-8. Rollie Fingers and four other members of his family appeared on a 1983 episode of the game show Family Feud."}, {"section_header": "In media | Books", "text": "The first book inspired a sequel, released March 16, 2010 by Fingers and Ritter: The Rollie Fingers Baseball Bible: Lists and Lore, Stories and Stats, Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "In 1981, Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award, the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player Award, and AL Cy Young Award."}, {"section_header": "In media | Radio", "text": "A \"Rollie TV\" skit had originally aired in 1993 on Toth and Johnson's Chicago cable TV show Color TV and was then adapted into segments for radio."}, {"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "Fingers attended Upland High School in the Southern California city of Upland, and later, he attended one semester at Chaffey Junior College."}], "text": "Rollie Fingers did go to university for a year.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents divorced when he was two years old, and he was taken in by his grandparents, who lived in the barrio of Maguayo in Dorado, Puerto Rico."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His brother and sister returned to New York to live with their parents, but Edgar opted to remain in Dorado with his grandparents."}], "id": "2SfwieyVpDxVDpUr7NCP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Martinez became inspired to play baseball after watching fellow Puerto Rican Roberto Clemente play in the 1971 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez (born January 2, 1963), nicknamed \"Gar\" and \"Papi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and coach."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Early career (1987\u20131989)", "text": "After the regular season, Mart\u00ednez played winter baseball in the Puerto Rican Baseball League."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His brother and sister returned to New York to live with their parents, but Edgar opted to remain in Dorado with his grandparents."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents divorced when he was two years old, and he was taken in by his grandparents, who lived in the barrio of Maguayo in Dorado, Puerto Rico."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mart\u00ednez was born in New York City on January 2, 1963, to Jos\u00e9 and Christina Salgado Martinez, who were from Puerto Rico."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "He knows there is no one in the wings, just Edgar Martinez to back him up.\" However, Coles committed five errors in Seattle's first six games."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Mariano Rivera, when asked whether there was anyone he was afraid to face, said that he was never afraid, but"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They live in Kirkland, Washington, with their three children: Alex, Tessa, and Jacqueline."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "Since his retirement, the Mariners did not issue Martinez' uniform number 11 to any other player."}], "text": "Edgar Martinez is of Puerto Rican decent, but has never visited his family that lives there.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bront\u00eb's only finished novel, it was written between October 1845 and June 1846."}], "id": "2WmZyagyI7trEdaqmlxD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Bront\u00eb, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "In Jane Urquhart's Changing Heaven, the novel Wuthering Heights, as well as the ghost of Emily Bront\u00eb, feature as prominent roles in the narrative."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Emily Bront\u00eb  uses this frame story technique to narrate most of the story."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "\"Charlotte Bront\u00eb\". The Oxford Companion to English Literature."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "Maryse Cond\u00e9's Windward Heights (La migration des coeurs) (1995) is a reworking of Wuthering Heights set in Cuba and Guadaloupe at the turn of the 20th century, which Cond\u00e9 stated she intended as an homage to Bront\u00eb."}, {"section_header": "Influences | Gothic novel", "text": "Ellen Moers, in Literary Women, developed a feminist theory that connects women writers, including Emily Bront\u00eb, with gothic fiction."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1992 film Emily Bront\u00eb's Wuthering Heights starring Ralph Fiennes and Juliette Binoche is notable for including the oft-omitted second generation story of the children of Cathy, Hindley and Heathcliff."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Emily Bronte wrote in the romance tradition of the novel that Walter Scott defined, as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication | 1850 edition", "text": "In 1850, when a second edition of Wuthering Heights was due, Charlotte Bront\u00eb edited the original text, altering punctuation, correcting spelling errors and making Joseph's thick Yorkshire dialect less opaque."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bront\u00eb's only finished novel, it was written between October 1845 and June 1846."}], "text": "Wuthering Heights is the only completed book by Emily Bronte.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Concerned about Rasputin's influence, Grand Duke Dmitri and Prince Felix Yusupov invite Rasputin to a party in December 1916 and eventually murder him despite several unsuccessful attempts."}], "id": "2cMPEI2pMPkzzTGobvDA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1905, Alexandra befriends Grigori Rasputin, a Siberian peasant passing as a holy man, hoping he will heal Alexei."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "It is presumed he will die. The Tsarina writes to Rasputin, who responds with words of comfort."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Tsarina Alexandra, a German princess, is disliked by the Russian royal court."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Alexandra is left in charge at home and, under Rasputin's influence, makes poor decisions."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra is a 1971 British biographical film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and written by James Goldman, based on Robert K. Massie's 1967 book of the same name, which is a partial account of the last ruling Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Nicholas executes the assassins and closes the Duma, allowing police to terrorize many peasants."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Alexandra demands his return, as she believes only Rasputin can stop the bleeding attacks, but Nicholas stands firm."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Even with Rasputin dead, Alexandra continues her misrule."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Nicholas dismisses Rasputin from the court."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Concerned about Rasputin's influence, Grand Duke Dmitri and Prince Felix Yusupov invite Rasputin to a party in December 1916 and eventually murder him despite several unsuccessful attempts."}], "text": "In the film Nicholas and Alexandra, the peasant Rasputin is killed because he wields influence over the Tsarina.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Nicholas and Alexandra"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}], "id": "2lxutLzwuxkKrDvtrdhC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novel concludes with an overview of the marriages of the three daughters and the great satisfaction of both parents at the fine, happy matches made by Jane and Elizabeth."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued and An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later by Emma Tennant"}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Marriage", "text": "In the case of Charlotte Lucas, the seeming success of her marriage lies in the comfortable financial circumstances of their household, while the relationship between Mr and Mrs Bennet serves to illustrate bad marriages based on an initial attraction and surface over substance (economic and psychological)."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "In the years between the completion of First Impressions and its revision into Pride and Prejudice, two other works had been published under that name: a novel by Margaret Holford and a comedy by Horace Smith."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in mind the \"sufferings and oppositions\" summarised in the final chapter of Fanny Burney's Cecilia, called \"Pride and Prejudice\", where the phrase appears three times in block capitals."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Marriage", "text": "The opening line of the novel famously announces: \"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.\" This sets marriage as a motif and a problem in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795.Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for First Impressions between 1811 and 1812."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Jo Baker's bestselling 2013 novel Longbourn imagines the lives of the servants of Pride and Prejudice."}, {"section_header": "Major themes", "text": "The American novelist Anna Quindlen observed in an introduction to an edition of Austen's novel in 1995:  Pride and Prejudice is also about that thing that all great novels consider, the search for self."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}], "text": "The novel Pride and Prejudice made a case for arranged marriages.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Menis", "text": "The poem's initial word, \u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd (m\u0113nin; acc."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Menis", "text": "\u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2, m\u0113nis, \"wrath,\" \"rage,\" \"fury\") , establishes the Iliad's principal theme: The \"Wrath of Achilles\"."}], "id": "2ockBKMByiebZCblZy06", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "English translations", "text": "George Chapman published his translation of the Iliad, in installments, beginning in 1598, published in \"fourteeners\", a long-line ballad metre that \"has room for all of Homer's figures of speech and plenty of new ones, as well as explanations in parentheses."}, {"section_header": "English translations", "text": "Caroline Alexander published the first full-length English translation by a woman in 2015."}, {"section_header": "English translations", "text": "In the lectures On Translating Homer (1861), Matthew Arnold addresses the matters of translation and interpretation in rendering the Iliad to English; commenting upon the versions contemporarily available in 1861, he identifies the four essential poetic qualities of Homer to which the translator must do justice: [i] that he is eminently rapid; [ii] that he is eminently plain and direct, both in the evolution of his thought and in the expression of it, that is, both in his syntax and in his words; [iii] that he is eminently plain and direct in the substance of his thought, that is, in his matter and ideas; and, finally, [iv] that he is eminently noble."}, {"section_header": "English translations", "text": "After a discussion of the metres employed by previous translators, Arnold argues for a poetical dialect hexameter translation of the Iliad, like the original."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gods", "text": "He points out that almost every action in the Iliad is directed, caused, or influenced by a god, and that earlier translations show an astonishing lack of words suggesting thought, planning, or introspection."}, {"section_header": "English translations", "text": "\" \" Laborious as this meter was, there were at least half a dozen attempts to translate the entire Iliad or Odyssey in hexameters; the last in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "The Iliad was also the first full epic poem to be translated to Arabic from a foreign language, upon the publication of Al-Boustani's complete work in 1904."}, {"section_header": "Date and textual history | As oral tradition", "text": "A two-word stock epithet (e.g. \"resourceful Odysseus\") reiteration may complement a character name by filling a half-line, thus, freeing the poet to compose a half-line of \"original\" formulaic text to complete his meaning."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "According to Suleyman al-Boustani, a 19th-century poet who made the first Arabic translation of the Iliad to Arabic, the epic may have been widely circulated in Syriac and Pahlavi translations during the early Middle Ages."}, {"section_header": "English translations", "text": "In the preface to his own translation, Pope praises \"the daring fiery spirit\" of Chapman's rendering, which is \"something like what one might imagine Homer, himself, would have writ before he arrived at years of discretion.\" John Keats praised Chapman in the sonnet On First Looking into Chapman's Homer (1816)."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Menis", "text": "The poem's initial word, \u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd (m\u0113nin; acc."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Menis", "text": "\u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2, m\u0113nis, \"wrath,\" \"rage,\" \"fury\") , establishes the Iliad's principal theme: The \"Wrath of Achilles\"."}], "text": "The first word in Homer's the Iliad translates to mean fame.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Melanism in the leopard is caused by a recessive allele, and in the jaguar by a dominant allele."}], "id": "2sOmRfuV2ceQcUGJRnes", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The typical spotted markings are present but hidden due to the excess black pigments, which is called \"ghost rosettes\"."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Unconfirmed sightings, known as the \"North American black panther\", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "Melanism in the jaguar is conferred by a dominant allele."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Melanism in the leopard is caused by a recessive allele, and in the jaguar by a dominant allele."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Cornell Woolrich's novel Black Alibi (1942) features a black jaguar that escapes from captivity and wreaks havoc in a Mexican town."}], "text": "A black panther is a panther with excessive black pigment and it is the dominant trait.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The face and underparts are paler and dappled like those of ordinary spotted leopards."}], "id": "2x7o5pVJBj270nFZZSPj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The typical spotted markings are present but hidden due to the excess black pigments, which is called \"ghost rosettes\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Unconfirmed sightings, known as the \"North American black panther\", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The face and underparts are paler and dappled like those of ordinary spotted leopards."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Any spots on the flanks and limbs that have not merged into the mass of swirls and stripes are unusually small and discrete, rather than forming rosettes."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A black leopard was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya."}], "text": "Black leopards are referred to as black panthers due to their missing spots.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was not until his family emigrated to the United States in 1885, settling in Natick, Massachusetts, that he saw the game of baseball played for the first time, but he was quickly fascinated and resolved himself to learning as much about the game as he could."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "Travelling throughout the league to work with other umpires and ensure that everyone's work was meeting the same high standards, he remained in that post until 1954, and came to be known as the nation's foremost expert on baseball rules."}], "id": "32kkwNfPTBbneRhKzkkg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connolly was born in Manchester, England, and played cricket as a boy."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was not until his family emigrated to the United States in 1885, settling in Natick, Massachusetts, that he saw the game of baseball played for the first time, but he was quickly fascinated and resolved himself to learning as much about the game as he could."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "In 1931, new AL president Will Harridge was concerned about widespread complaints that the quality of umpiring in the league had deteriorated, and Connolly retired from active field work to become the league's first supervisor of umpires."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "On April 24, 1901, Connolly had the privilege of umpiring, as its sole arbiter, the first AL game ever played."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Connolly died in 1961 at age 90 in Natick, Massachusetts, survived by seven children, and predeceased by his wife, who had died in 1943."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "Travelling throughout the league to work with other umpires and ensure that everyone's work was meeting the same high standards, he remained in that post until 1954, and came to be known as the nation's foremost expert on baseball rules."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "His reputation earned him prominent game assignments, including the first AL games ever played at Comiskey Park, Shibe Park, Fenway Park, and Yankee Stadium."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "Connolly was also the sole AL umpire chosen to work in the first World Series in 1903."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While working in YMCA games, he was discovered by major league umpire Tim Hurst, who obtained a position for Connolly in the New England League, where he umpired from 1894 to 1897."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Connolly and Klem are the only two umpires in history to have worked in five decades; Connolly's record of 31 years umpiring American League games was broken by Larry Barnett in 1999."}], "text": "Tom Connolly played cricket in his youth in Manchester until he moved to Massachusetts, where eventually becoming the preeminent authority for umpiring.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Connolly"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}], "id": "33fmRVqF9UXWQVadgh8W", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In a 1955 Lux Video Theatre adaptation, Edmond O'Brien had the lead, with a young Charles Bronson playing the part William Bendix took in the movie."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"In addition to the Broadway play (Cort Theatre, (12/06/1944 - 10/27/1945), which starred Fredric March"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Barry Sullivan and Anna Maria Alberghetti were in a 1956 CBS telecast, and John Forsythe played the major in a 1967 Hallmark Hall of Fame broadcast."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}], "text": "The movie, A Bell for Adano is an adaptation of a play.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The second play, Table Number Seven, is set about 18 months after the events of the previous play, and deals with the touching friendship between a repressed spinster and Major Pollock, a kindly but bogus man posing as an upper-class retired army officer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The first play, titled Table by the Window, focuses on the troubled relationship between a disgraced Labour politician and his ex-wife."}], "id": "39qbeadWoYUy6r1u26oB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays by Terence Rattigan, both taking place in the Beauregard Private Hotel, Bournemouth, on the south coast of England."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "Separate Tables was presented at The Music Box in  New York on 25 October 1956."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "After an out-of-town tryout in Manchester, Separate Tables had its premiere at the St James's Theatre in London on 22 September 1954, with the following cast: Mrs Shankland and Miss Railton-Bell \u2013 Margaret Leighton Mr Martin and Major Pollock \u2013 Eric Portman"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The first play, titled Table by the Window, focuses on the troubled relationship between a disgraced Labour politician and his ex-wife."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The second play, Table Number Seven, is set about 18 months after the events of the previous play, and deals with the touching friendship between a repressed spinster and Major Pollock, a kindly but bogus man posing as an upper-class retired army officer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The two main roles in both plays are written to be played by the same performers."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "In Table by the Window, Martin, a once-rising politician, now turned to drink, is dining with his ex-wife, whom he was sent to prison for beating."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "In Table Number Seven, Major Pollock tries to conceal from his fellow guests a report in the local newspaper of his sexual harassment of women at a local cinema."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The plays are about people who are driven by loneliness into a state of desperation."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "Patricia RayneThe play was directed by Peter Glenville, with sets by Michael Weight."}], "text": "The Separate Tables plays went by different names.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Separate Tables"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "His third wife, Zhuo Lin, was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "They had five children: three daughters (Deng Lin, Deng Nan and Deng Rong) and two sons (Deng Pufang and Deng Zhifang)."}], "id": "3FWV26fbxnbHAjFaKZpv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Crackdown of Tiananmen Square protests", "text": "The movement lasted seven weeks."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Deng Xiaoping (1995). Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1938\u20131965."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "His second wife, Jin Weiying, left him after Deng came under political attack in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "His third wife, Zhuo Lin, was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Four modernizations", "text": "The last position of power retained by Hua Guofeng, chairman of the Central Military Commission, was taken by Deng in 1981."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "China, however, was still in the era of Deng Xiaoping."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1975\u20131982."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1982\u20131992."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "The Chinese characters for \"Statue of Deng Xiaoping\" are inscribed on the pedestal."}, {"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Target of two purges | 'Criticize Deng' campaign", "text": "Deng's reputation as a reformer suffered a severe blow when the Qingming Festival, after the mass public mourning of Zhou on a traditional Chinese holiday, culminated in the Tiananmen Incident on 5 April 1976, an event the Gang of Four branded as counter-revolutionary and threatening to their power."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "They had five children: three daughters (Deng Lin, Deng Nan and Deng Rong) and two sons (Deng Pufang and Deng Zhifang)."}], "text": "Deng Xiaoping had 5 kids with his last wife.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}], "id": "3HZzBfOa2KRSM6kYxz0p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "As Emperor of Manchukuo from 1934 to 1945, his era name was \"Kangde\" (Kang-te), so he was known as the \"Kangde Emperor\" (Chinese: \u5eb7\u5fb7\u7687\u5e1d;"}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Five years together writes that in Khabarovsk Puyi was known by the Russian nickname \"Yegor the First\"."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "As Puyi was also the last ruling Emperor of China, he is widely known as \"The Last Emperor\" (Chinese: \u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: M\u00f2d\u00e0i Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Mo4-tai4 Huang2-ti4) in China and throughout the rest of the world."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When Puyi ruled the puppet state of Manchukuo and assumed the title of Chief Executive of the new state, his era name was \"Datong\" (Ta-tung)."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Due to his abdication, Puyi is also known as \"Xun Di\" (Chinese: \u905c\u5e1d; pinyin: X\u00f9n D\u00ec; lit.: 'Yielded Emperor') or \"Fei Di\" (simplified Chinese: \u5e9f\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ee2\u5e1d; pinyin: F\u00e8i D\u00ec; lit.: 'Abrogated Emperor')."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "The Australian judge Sir William Webb, the President of the Tribunal, was often frustrated with Puyi's testimony, and chided him numerous times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1932, after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established by Japan and he was chosen to become \"Emperor\" of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Behr noted that in Europe people who played roles analogous to the role Puyi played in Manchukuo were generally executed; for example, the British hanged William Joyce (\"Lord Haw-haw\") for being the announcer on the English-language broadcasts of Radio Berlin, the Italians shot Benito Mussolini, and the French executed Pierre Laval, so many Westerners are surprised that Puyi was released from prison after only nine years to start a new life."}], "text": "Puyi was known to use the English name William.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "James Cromwell became an ethical vegan as a result of starring as Farmer Hoggett, saying, \"I decided that to be able to talk about this [movie] with conviction, I needed to become a vegetarian."}], "id": "3LU8zlCudJmkDLdiUmbG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The main animal characters are played by a combination of real and animatronic pigs and Border Collies."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "According to actor James Cromwell, there was tension on the set between producer George Miller and director Chris Noonan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The talking-animal visual effects were done by Rhythm & Hues Studios and Jim Henson's Creature Shop."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "It also received critical acclaim and was ultimately nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, Best Production Design, and Best Film Editing, winning Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "When she is let back in later, she gets revenge on Babe by revealing that humans eat pigs."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "However, he is still demoralized and refuses to eat."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "While he sits down next to the farmer, Hoggett praises him with the standard command to sheep dogs that their job is done, \"That'll do, Pig."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "48 different pigs were used for the part of Babe."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The winning farmer, Arthur Hoggett, brings him home and allows him to stay with a Border Collie named Fly, her mate Rex and their puppies, in the barn."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "James Cromwell became an ethical vegan as a result of starring as Farmer Hoggett, saying, \"I decided that to be able to talk about this [movie] with conviction, I needed to become a vegetarian."}], "text": "The actor that played Farmer Hoggett in Babe was so effected by the role that he stopped eating meat or animal products.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He first gained recognition as Will Tippin in the spy-action television show Alias (2001\u20132006), and achieved minor success with a supporting part in the comedy film Wedding Crashers (2005)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was also in a relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk from 2015 to 2019, with whom he has a daughter."}], "id": "3LvXXBQYCdLdX95ioffp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Cooper began a relationship with Russian model"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was also in a relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk from 2015 to 2019, with whom he has a daughter."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Describing himself as a child, Cooper has said: \"I never lived the life of 'Oh, you're so good-looking'."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cooper was born on January 5, 1975, in Philadelphia, and grew up in the nearby communities of Jenkintown and Rydal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bradley Charles Cooper (born January 5, 1975) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "The year 2012 saw Cooper star in four films\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In March 2013, he began dating English model Suki Waterhouse; the relationship ended in March 2015."}, {"section_header": "Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013\u20132017)", "text": "With these nominations, Cooper became the tenth actor in history to receive an Academy Award nomination for acting in three consecutive years."}, {"section_header": "Career | Professional expansion (2018\u2013present)", "text": "Cooper spent nearly four years working on the project, including learning to sing, play guitar, and play piano."}, {"section_header": "Career | Professional expansion (2018\u2013present)", "text": "Gaga and Cooper earned two Grammy nominations for \"Shallow\"\u2014Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, winning the latter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He first gained recognition as Will Tippin in the spy-action television show Alias (2001\u20132006), and achieved minor success with a supporting part in the comedy film Wedding Crashers (2005)."}], "text": "Within the last 5 years, Cooper had a child with a Russian model.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Bradley Cooper"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed \"The Say Hey Kid\", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets."}], "id": "3PmrU3iWjQmgIMo0xE8K", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Mets (1972\u201373)", "text": "\" Five days later, the Mets honored him on Willie Mays Day, proclaimed by New York City mayor John Lindsay, where he thanked the New York fans and said goodbye to baseball."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Mets (1972\u201373)", "text": "Mays played only 66 games for the Mets that year, batting a career-low .211 with just six home runs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed \"The Say Hey Kid\", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets."}, {"section_header": "Special honors and tributes", "text": "By the end of his career, Mays had won a Gold Glove Award 12 times."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "After Mays retired as a player, he remained in the New York Mets organization as their hitting instructor until the end of the 1979 season."}, {"section_header": "Television appearances", "text": "Years after his career ended, in 1989, Mays appeared on My Two Dads in the episode, \"You Love Me, Right?\"."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Barnstorming", "text": "During the first part of his career, Mays often participated in barnstorming tours after his regular season with the Giants ended."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Giants (1951\u20131957)", "text": "-1.The Giants went on to meet the New York Yankees in the 1951 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "On February 10, 2010, Mays appeared on The Daily Show, discussing his career and a new biography, Willie Mays: The Life, the Legend, by James S. Hirsch."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Mets (1972\u201373)", "text": "Mays had remained popular in New York long after the Giants had left for San Francisco, and the trade was seen as a public relations coup for the Mets."}], "text": "Willie Mays ended his career playing for New York.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Willie Mays"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra is a 1971 British biographical film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and written by James Goldman, based on Robert K. Massie's 1967 book of the same name, which is a partial account of the last ruling Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra."}], "id": "3dvKtQ9szkLiXH6pbOHM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "Spiegel initially tried to make Nicholas and Alexandra without buying the rights to the book by Robert K. Massie, claiming that the historical account was in public domain but, eventually, Spiegel purchased the rights and hired writer James Goldman to adapt Massie's book as a screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Historical sources and accuracy", "text": "Although Robert Massie wrote the book upon which this film was based, he did not have complete information because the Soviet government at the time would not permit the release of all relevant records."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra is a 1971 British biographical film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and written by James Goldman, based on Robert K. Massie's 1967 book of the same name, which is a partial account of the last ruling Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra."}, {"section_header": "Historical sources and accuracy", "text": "Massie later wrote a continuation, The Romanovs: The Final Chapter."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Alexandra demands his return, as she believes only Rasputin can stop the bleeding attacks, but Nicholas stands firm."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra was nominated for three Golden Globes including Best Supporting Actor and Most Promising Newcomer for Baker and Most Promising Newcomer for Suzman."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Despite the detailed production design, photography, and strong performances from the cast, Nicholas and Alexandra failed to find the large audience it needed to be a financial success."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2013, Alex von Tunzelmann wrote for The Guardian, \"Nicholas and Alexandra boasts terrific performances and gorgeous production design, but it's bloated and unwieldy."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra was recognised by the National Board of Review as one of the Top 10 Films of 1972.The score by Richard Rodney Bennett was nominated for a Grammy."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Producer Spiegel tackled Nicholas and Alexandra when he was shut out from working with director David Lean on Doctor Zhivago, which was also set against the backdrop of revolutionary Russia."}], "text": "Nicholas and Alexandra is a novel by Robert Massie", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Nicholas and Alexandra"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Experiments validated Einstein's approach, and in 1926, Gilbert N. Lewis popularized the term photon for these energy units."}], "id": "3efBAtkxjJOOGkK1pZRc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical development", "text": "In most theories up to the eighteenth century, light was pictured as being made up of particles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photon is a type of elementary particle."}, {"section_header": "Historical development", "text": "Since the Maxwell theory of light allows for all possible energies of electromagnetic radiation, most physicists assumed initially that the energy quantization resulted from some unknown constraint on the matter that absorbs or emits the radiation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Quantization of the electromagnetic field", "text": "i \u27e9                 {\\displaystyle |n_{k_{i}}\\rangle }    represents the state in which                                             n"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "If the photon is not a strictly massless particle, it would not move at the exact speed of light, c, in vacuum."}, {"section_header": "In matter", "text": "In a particle picture, the slowing can instead be described as a blending of the photon with quantum excitations of the matter to produce quasi-particles known as polariton (see this list for some other quasi-particles); this polariton has a nonzero effective mass, which means that it cannot travel at c. Light of different frequencies may travel through matter at different speeds; this is called dispersion (not to be confused with scattering)."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature", "text": "The word quanta (singular quantum, Latin for how much) was used before 1900 to mean particles or amounts of different quantities, including electricity."}, {"section_header": "Wave\u2013particle duality and uncertainty principles", "text": "\u03d5                 {\\displaystyle \\phi }    cannot be represented by a Hermitian operator."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Experiments validated Einstein's approach, and in 1926, Gilbert N. Lewis popularized the term photon for these energy units."}], "text": "A photon can be described as a particle representing the smallest possible amount of light or other type of electromagnetic radiation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Photon"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "There are two entrances to the bridge's pedestrian promenade on either side."}], "id": "3fvqEvgBxeMsOywEQSsQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "There are two entrances to the bridge's pedestrian promenade on either side."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "Two bridge commissioners, one each from Brooklyn and Manhattan, petitioned New York state lawmakers to allot another $8 million for construction."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "It is not the work of any one man or of any one age."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "The wire was one of two that were used to create a temporary footbridge for workers while cable spinning was ongoing."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "However, the following month, one of the wires slipped, killing two people and injuring three others."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "During the construction project, one roadway at a time was closed, allowing reduced traffic flows to cross the bridge in one direction only."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Crimes and terrorism", "text": "The entrance ramp to the bridge on the Manhattan side was subsequently dedicated as the Ari Halberstam Memorial Ramp."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "Vehicular access to the bridge is provided by a complex series of ramps on both sides of the bridge."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages both have four anchor plates, one for each of the main cables, which are located near ground level and parallel to the ground."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "This required the closure of one roadway at a time, as was done to during the rebuilding of the bridge itself."}], "text": "There are two entrances on the bridge for pedestritians on each side.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}], "id": "3io2FENZ8NYHvTmKbBMQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "He was registered as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold, but baptised as \"Georges\" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "After this rebuff, Bizet entered an opera competition which Jacques Offenbach had organised for young composers, with a prize of 1,200 francs."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "No trace exists, and it is unlikely that Bizet ever started it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to Dean, she was as delighted by the part as Bizet was by her suitability for it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "For most of his life, Bizet had suffered from a recurrent throat complaint."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "The prize was awarded jointly to Bizet and Charles Lecocq, a compromise which years later Lecocq criticised on the grounds of the jury's manipulation by Fromental Hal\u00e9vy in favour of Bizet."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": ", Bizet competed for the prestigious Prix de Rome."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Paris, 1860\u20131863", "text": "As a pianist, Bizet had showed considerable skill from his earliest years."}], "text": "Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet is from the southern coastal town of France, Marseilles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Following his return from the war, Alexander suffered from shell shock and was plagued with epileptic seizures, which only exacerbated his drinking problem."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "\"Alexander was drafted and one month before shipping out, he married Amy Marie Arrants on May 31 in a courthouse ceremony in Manhattan, Kansas (the couple divorced in 1929, remarried in 1931, and divorced again in 1941).Alexander spent most of the 1918 season in France as a sergeant with the 342nd Field Artillery."}], "id": "3k9hgqwUu6JqrIW28pYi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Following his return from the war, Alexander suffered from shell shock and was plagued with epileptic seizures, which only exacerbated his drinking problem."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \"Grover\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was the only player elected that year."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "The film earned an estimated $1.7 million at the North American box office in 1952."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander made his Philadelphia debut during the pre-season 1911 City Series, pitching five innings of no-hit, no-run baseball against the Athletics."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Although people often misinterpreted his seizure-related problems as drunkenness, Alexander hit the bottle particularly hard as a result of the physical and emotional injuries inflicted by the war, which plagued him for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "Before going to war, he was given a watch engraved with the nickname, dating its origin to no later than 1918."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "\"Alexander was drafted and one month before shipping out, he married Amy Marie Arrants on May 31 in a courthouse ceremony in Manhattan, Kansas (the couple divorced in 1929, remarried in 1931, and divorced again in 1941).Alexander spent most of the 1918 season in France as a sergeant with the 342nd Field Artillery."}], "text": "American baseball player Grover Cleveland Alexander suffered from PTSD from his involvement in the Vietnam War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \"Ol' Pete.\" In The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp."}], "id": "3noZ9lxsUvh3VojZ0COx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "106\u2013107 the author refers to \"Pete Alexander\" and \"Ol' Pete\" in a matter-of-fact way, suggesting the nickname was well known."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \"Ol' Pete.\" In The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "So dominant was he during the 1910s that many players and writers of his era referred to him as \"the best pitcher to ever put on a pair of shoes\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was the only player elected that year."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander posted a lifetime winning percentage of .642, compared to Mathewson's .665."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "\"It is uncertain how frequently Alexander was publicly called by that nickname during his playing days."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Along the way Alexander began to have problems with alcohol, a struggle that would plague him the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}], "text": "Alexander was referred to as \"Old Pete\".", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Although autobiographical in nature, \"The Open Boat\" is a work of fiction; it is often considered a principal example of Naturalism, an offshoot of the Realist literary movement, in which scientific principles of objectivity and detachment are applied to the study of human characteristics."}], "id": "3wnekUBkC4znSjkK0aSo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Praising the merit of the story and his friend's literary importance, journalist Harold Frederic wrote in his review for The New York Times that \"even if he had written nothing else, [\"The Open Boat\" would] have placed [Crane] where he now undoubtedly stands.\" English poet Robert Bridges likewise praised the story in his review for Life, stating that Crane \"has indelibly fixed the experience on your mind, and that is the test of a literary artisan\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Crane completed the story that would become \"The Open Boat\" a few weeks later, in mid-February."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Like other major works by Stephen Crane, \"The Open Boat\" contains numerous examples of symbolism, imagery and metaphor."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" was published in the United States by Doubleday & McClure in April 1898 as part of the book The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure, which included additional works by Crane such as"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in Scribner's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is divided into seven sections, each told mainly from the point of view of the correspondent, based upon Crane himself."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "According to fellow correspondent Ralph D. Paine, Crane had the opportunity to show the first draft of the short story to Murphy when Crane again passed through Jacksonville."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "When Crane asked his opinion, Murphy allegedly replied, \"You've got it, Steve"}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Although autobiographical in nature, \"The Open Boat\" is a work of fiction; it is often considered a principal example of Naturalism, an offshoot of the Realist literary movement, in which scientific principles of objectivity and detachment are applied to the study of human characteristics."}], "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is non-fiction written by Crane.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Early in the novel, Anderson briefly reminisces about attending Brookfield and knowing \"Chips\"."}], "id": "3yR4m2cEfqCsof4ijSgS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novella tells the story of a beloved school teacher, Mr Chipping, and his long tenure at Brookfield School, a fictional minor British boys' public boarding school located in the fictional village of Brookfield, in the Fenlands."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film | 1939 film", "text": "The exteriors of the buildings of the fictional Brookfield School were filmed at Repton School, an independent school (at the time of filming, for boys only), located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, in the Midlands area of England, whilst the interiors, school courtyards and annexes, including the supposedly exterior shots of the Austrian Tyrol Mountains, were filmed at Denham Film Studios, near the village of Denham in Buckinghamshire."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Television | 1984 serial", "text": "Many scenes were filmed at Repton School, Derbyshire, in an effort to remain faithful to the original film."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film | 1939 film", "text": "Around 200 boys from Repton School stayed on during the school holidays so that they could appear in the film."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Early in the novel, Anderson briefly reminisces about attending Brookfield and knowing \"Chips\"."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Balgarnie had been linked with the school for 51 years and spent his last years in modest lodgings nearby."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Katherine charms the Brookfield teachers and headmaster, and quickly wins the favour of Brookfield's pupils."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "When I read so many other stories about public school life, I am struck by the fact that I suffered no such purgatory as their authors apparently did, and much of this miracle was due to Balgarnie."}], "text": "The novel is about a well liked school teacher and set at Brookfield School, a real English boarding school in Derbyshire.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by Keats's writing about the discovery of Uranus when he wrote his early poem \"Al Aaraaf\" (1829)."}], "id": "3ygI34nynrTKcOtbqJp8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It tells of the author's astonishment while reading the works of the ancient Greek poet Homer as freely translated by the Elizabethan playwright George Chapman."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer is a sonnet written by the English Romantic poet John Keats (1795\u20131821) in October 1816."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Vladimir Nabokov refers to the poem in his novel Pale Fire when the fictional poet John Shade mentions a newspaper headline that attributes a recent Boston Red Sox victory to \"Chapman's Homer\" (i.e. to a home run by a player named Chapman)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Of the many islands of the Aegean, the one which bards most in fealty owe to Apollo, leader of the inspiring Muses, is Delos, the sacred island that was Apollo's birthplace."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by Keats's writing about the discovery of Uranus when he wrote his early poem \"Al Aaraaf\" (1829)."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Australian poet Peter Porter  opens the fourth of"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem has become an often-quoted classic, cited to demonstrate the emotional power of a great work of art, and the ability of great art to create an epiphany in its beholder."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "1882. Henry James refers to Keats's sonnet in Book 2 of The Golden Bowl (1904), in his description of Adam Verver's discovery of his passion for collecting objects of art."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "While the octave offers the poet as a literary explorer, the volta brings in the discovery of Chapman's Homer"}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "The standard critical view is that John Keats simply remembered the grand, but separate, images of Cort\u00e9s and of Darien, rather than their historical contexts."}], "text": "John Keats's work was so influential that it affected many famous poets and writers after him.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}], "id": "4251K7aZdyUcnXvsY286", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final campaign", "text": "General Atkinson, who learned in early July that Scott would be taking command, hoped to bring the war to a successful conclusion before Scott's arrival."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Tribes along the Upper Mississippi had long fought for control of diminishing hunting grounds, and the Black Hawk War provided an opportunity for some Natives to resume a war that had nothing to do with Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Before the Black Hawk War, U.S. policy discouraged intertribal warfare."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "According to Hall, \"the Black Hawk War also involved an intertribal conflict that had smoldered for decades\"."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Most accounts of the Black Hawk War focus on the conflict between Black Hawk and the United States, but historian John Hall argues that this overlooks the perspective of many Native American participants."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "In the 19th century, historian Lyman Draper argued that the Black Hawk War could have been avoided had Forsyth remained as the agent to the Sauks."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "Before the battle, Black Hawk had not committed to war."}, {"section_header": "Background | Disputed treaty", "text": "As the United States colonized westward in the early 19th century, government officials sought to buy as much Native American land as possible."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}, {"section_header": "Black Hawk's return", "text": "Although the British Band traveled with armed guards as a security precaution, Black Hawk was probably hoping to avoid a war when he reentered Illinois."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War dates to the early 1800s", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "id": "48x45P7LDeYmM8z6ataw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The screenplay was written by Raquel Villavicencio."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Bront\u00eb, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Journals", "text": "\" The Unreliable Narrator in Wuthering Heights\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "The poem \"Wuthering\" (2017) by Tanya Grae uses Wuthering Heights as an allegory."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "This version, which stays close to the original novel, received a nomination for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards, elected by pupils from 170 schools in the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Marten wrote the song while studying Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "When Linton dies, Cathy has no option but to remain at Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Ending", "text": "Joseph is left to take care of the declining Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bront\u00eb's only finished novel, it was written between October 1845 and June 1846."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "text": "Wuthering Heights is a play written by Spike Lee.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Traditional biographies | Nature of traditional depictions", "text": "These texts contain descriptions of the culture and daily life of ancient India which can be corroborated from the Jain scriptures, and make the Buddha's time the earliest period in Indian history for which significant accounts exist."}], "id": "4HASzOOmwqFn50atB6N3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in Ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE)."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "In the ancient Gnostic sect of Manichaeism, the Buddha is listed among the prophets who preached the word of God before Mani."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "The Jatakas also sometimes depict negative actions done in previous lives by the bodhisattva, which explain difficulties he experienced in his final life as Gautama."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "Many stories of these previous lives are depicted in the Jatakas."}, {"section_header": "Traditional biographies | Nature of traditional depictions", "text": "These texts contain descriptions of the culture and daily life of ancient India which can be corroborated from the Jain scriptures, and make the Buddha's time the earliest period in Indian history for which significant accounts exist."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "Legendary biographies like the Pali Buddhava\u1e43sa and the Sanskrit J\u0101takam\u0101l\u0101 depict the Buddha's (referred to as \"bodhisattva\" before his awakening) career as spanning hundreds of lifetimes before his last birth as Gautama."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Majjhima Nikaya 4 also mentions that Gautama lived in \"remote jungle thickets\" during his years of spiritual striving and had to overcome the fear that he felt while living in the forests."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha lived in Ancient India and Egypt.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It premiered on May 20, 2009, at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival, and received a wide release in theaters in the United States and Europe in August 2009 by The Weinstein Company and Universal Pictures."}], "id": "4KSn6jHtPjd7esVhgLOQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release", "text": "It was released in Germany on August 20, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on December 7, 2009, in the UK."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "It also features the spaghetti-westernesque terms Once Upon A Time In Nazi Occupied France, which was considered for the film's title, and A Basterd's Work Is Never Done, a line not spoken in the final film (the line occurs in the script during the Bear Jew's backstory).The film was released on August 19, 2009 in the United Kingdom and France, two days earlier than the U.S. release date of August 21, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The soundtrack, the first of Tarantino's not to include dialogue excerpts, was released on August 18, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "The film was released on single-disc DVD and a two-disc special-edition DVD and Blu-ray Disc on December 15, 2009, by Universal Studios Home Entertainment in the United States and Australia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It premiered on May 20, 2009, at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival, and received a wide release in theaters in the United States and Europe in August 2009 by The Weinstein Company and Universal Pictures."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "The film's first full teaser trailer premiered on Entertainment Tonight on February 10, 2009, and was shown in U.S. theaters the following week attached to Friday the 13th."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "The trailer features excerpts of Lt. Aldo Raine talking to the Basterds, informing them of the plan to ambush and kill, torture, and scalp unwitting Nazi servicemen, intercut with various other scenes from the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "In July 2008, Tarantino and executive producers Harvey and Bob Weinstein set up an accelerated production schedule to be completed for release at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009, where the film would compete for the Palme d'Or."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Inglourious Basterds is a 2009 war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth, Diane Kruger, Daniel Br\u00fchl, Til Schweiger and M\u00e9lanie Laurent."}], "text": "Inglorious Basterds was released in the summer of 2009.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time \u2013 \"Yet some of the novel\u2019s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse\"."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "intent\". While a \"passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel\", Wuthering Heights consistently subverts the romantic narrative."}], "id": "4LkGk5ICywEDeljBsEBk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characters", "text": "is his nurse). She lives and works among the rough inhabitants of Wuthering Heights but is well-read, and she also experiences the more genteel manners of Thrushcross Grange."}, {"section_header": "Setting", "text": "The first description of Wuthering Heights, an old house high on moorland in Yorkshire, is provided by the tenant Lockwood: Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff's dwelling, \"wuthering\" being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "intent\". While a \"passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel\", Wuthering Heights consistently subverts the romantic narrative."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "Feminist critics argue that reading of Wuthering Heights as a love not only \"romanticizes abusive men and toxic relationships but goes against Bront\u00eb\u2019s clear"}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time \u2013 \"Yet some of the novel\u2019s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"New Monthly Magazine wrote \"Wuthering Heights, by Ellis Bell, is a terrific story, associated with an equally fearful and repulsive spot ... Our novel reading experience does not enable us to refer to anything to be compared with the personages we are introduced to at this desolate spot \u2013 a perfect misanthropist's heaven."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Kate Bush's song \"Wuthering Heights\" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Bront\u00eb's story that is not properly an \"adaptation\"."}, {"section_header": "Setting", "text": "Wuthering Heights is associated with Heathcliff \"who represents the savage forces in human beings which civilization attempts vainly to eliminate\"; this wild place stands in contrast with the nearby \"'civilized' household of Thrushcross Grange\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"G.H. Lewes, in Leader, shortly after Emily's death, wrote: \"Curious enough is to read Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, and remember that the writers were two retiring, solitary, consumptive girls!"}, {"section_header": "Influences | Gothic novel", "text": "At one stage Heathcliff is described as a vampire, and it has been suggested that both he and Catherine are in fact meant to be seen as vampire-like personalities."}], "text": "Wuthering Heights is probably not actually meant to be read as a romantic story.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling moai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}], "id": "4POwjwlrovlrtFIkpEml", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position.\" These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moai."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "However, the easily worked tuff from which most moai were carved is easily eroded, such that the best place to see the surface detail is on the few moai carved from basalt or in photographs and other archaeological records of moai surfaces protected by burials."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "This is partly because of the disproportionate size of most moai heads, and partly because many of the iconic images for the island showing upright moai are the statues on the slopes of Rano Raraku, many of which are buried to their shoulders."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "At some point after the 1722 Roggeveen visit, all of the moai that had been erected on ahus were toppled, with the last standing statues reported in 1838 by Abel Aubert Dupetit Thouars, and no upright statues by 1868, apart from the partially buried ones on the outer slopes of Rano Raraku."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "He then found that placing the statue upright on two sled runners atop log rollers, 25 men were able to move the statue 150 feet (46 m) in two minutes."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Despite the early end to the experiment, Thor Heyerdahl estimated that this method for a 20-tonne statue over Easter Island terrain would allow 320 feet (100 m) per day."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Today, about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ahus or at museums elsewhere."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Some of the moai toppled forward such that their faces were hidden, and often fell in such a way that their necks broke; others fell off of the back of their platforms."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Oral histories include one account of a clan pushing down a single moai in the night, but others refer to the \"earth shaking\", and there are indications that at least some of them fell down due to earthquakes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The heaviest moai erected was a shorter but squatter moai at Ahu Tongariki, weighing 86 tonnes."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling moai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}], "text": "Most Moai have feet, which are just hard to see because they're buried.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gray was eventually forced to publish the work on 15 February 1751 in order to preempt a magazine publisher from printing an unlicensed copy of the poem."}], "id": "4bJeFwn00sTD29e2yA13", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "This was the case with Edward Jerningham's The Nunnery: an elegy in imitation of the Elegy in a Churchyard, published in 1762."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Gray dismisses its positives as merely being that he was able to complete the poem, which was probably influenced by his experience of the churchyard at Stoke Poges, where he attended the Sunday service and was able to visit the grave of Antrobus."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "Written in a Country Meeting House, April 1789; Parodized from Gray for the Entertainment of Those Who Laugh at All Parties by George Richards (d.1804) and published from Boston MA, the parody was printed opposite Gray's original page by page, making the translation to the political context more obvious."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "In 1995, Lorna Clymer argued, \"The dizzying series of displacements and substitutions of subjects, always considered a crux in Thomas Gray's \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\" (1751), results from a complex manipulation of epitaphic rhetoric.\" Later, Robert Mack, in 2000, explained that \"Gray's Elegy is numbered high among the very greatest poems in the English tradition precisely because of its simultaneous accessibility and inscrutability.\" He went on to claim that the poem \"was very soon to transform his life \u2013 and to transform or at least profoundly affect the development of lyric poetry in English\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "At the opposite extreme, Gray's poem provided a format for a surprising number that purport to be personal descriptions of life in gaol, starting with An elegy in imitation of Gray, written in the King's Bench Prison by a minor (London 1790), which is close in title to William Thomas Moncrieff\u2019s"}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "It is probable that Gray wanted to promote the hard work of the poor but to do nothing to change their social position."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "I immediately send it you. You will, I hope, look upon it in light of a thing with an end to it; a merit that most of my writing have wanted, and are like to want, but which this epistle I am determined shall not want."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gray was eventually forced to publish the work on 15 February 1751 in order to preempt a magazine publisher from printing an unlicensed copy of the poem."}], "text": "Thomas Gray wanted Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard to be first published in Harper's Bazaar.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine (after its \"three mountains,\" only traces of which remain today) but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the origin of several prominent colonists."}], "id": "4d9tnCTjIZjiH2ofAVwd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Sports", "text": "The Boston Celtics were founding members of the Basketball Association of America, one of the two leagues that merged to form the NBA."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school, Boston Latin School, was founded in Boston in 1635."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine (after its \"three mountains,\" only traces of which remain today) but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the origin of several prominent colonists."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 4000 BC.In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city."}, {"section_header": "History | Revolution and the Siege of Boston", "text": "The event was widely publicized and fueled a revolutionary movement in America."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Other performing-arts organizations in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States)."}], "text": "Boston was one of the first 13 colonies of America.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}], "id": "4dMVpcWlzIAT0vV6eVXW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a key person in the formation of the American League, and was also founding owner of the Chicago White Sox."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Dorothy sold controlling interest in the team to Bill Veeck in 1958, but Chuck remained a minority owner until 1962.When the White Sox moved to a new ballpark in 1991, the Comiskey Park name was carried over from their previous home (since 1910); it is now known as Guaranteed Rate Field."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "After five seasons of sharing the Twin Cities with another Western League club in Minneapolis, Comiskey and his colleagues arranged to share Chicago with the National League, whose club (the Chicago Cubs today) played on the West Side."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "He also played and managed for the Chicago Pirates in the Players' League (1890), the Browns again (1891), and the Cincinnati Reds in the National League (1892\u20131894)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "He ultimately supported baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis' decision to ban the implicated White Sox players from further participation in professional baseball, knowing full well that Landis' action would permanently sideline the core of his team."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}], "text": "Charles Comiskey was owner of the Chicago White Sox MLB team and the Chicago Black Sox minor league team.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The middle part of the current trilogy, The Last Jedi ranks with the very best Star Wars epics (even the pinnacle that is The Empire Strikes Back) by pointing the way ahead to a next generation of skywalkers \u2013 and, thrillingly, to a new hope."}], "id": "4fef2Tc5xO1jCCsCCL8m", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Last Jedi is part of a new trilogy of films announced after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Audience reception", "text": "Reviewers stated that fan theories were held so strongly among some viewers that it was difficult for them to accept different stories, but that other viewers appreciated the film's action, tone, and deviation from Star Wars tradition."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "The Last Jedi story begins immediately after The Force Awakens."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII \u2013 The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "A big part of it is that direct connection, almost like an automatic jacking back into childhood in a weird way."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The middle part of the current trilogy, The Last Jedi ranks with the very best Star Wars epics (even the pinnacle that is The Empire Strikes Back) by pointing the way ahead to a next generation of skywalkers \u2013 and, thrillingly, to a new hope."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists \u2014 and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home video releases", "text": "It was the first Star Wars film to be released on the Ultra HD Blu-ray format."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Audience reception", "text": "Quartz noted that some new accounts gave negative ratings to both The Last Jedi and Thor: Ragnarok, while Bleeding Cool stated that reviews for Thor: Ragnarok had tapered off but then \"skyrocketed\"."}], "text": "The Last Jedi is part of a story in film format that marks a new direction and emotion for the viewers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}], "id": "4jmTaH4lic686bVDmuvM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The film is regarded as a classic of sorts in the field of low-budget Hollywood horror, with Vincent Price, Sebastian Cabot, and Beverly Garland performing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"The Grolier Club later named Twice-Told Tales the most influential book of 1837."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "The title, Twice-Told Tales, was based on a line from William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John (Act 3, scene 4): \"Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale, / Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "the success of The Scarlet Letter in 1850, Twice-Told Tales was reissued with the help of publisher James Thomas Fields."}], "text": "Twice-Told Tales has been adapted into a movie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}], "id": "4qtsyyuiwRdI0p0fXiQJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Most accounts of the Black Hawk War focus on the conflict between Black Hawk and the United States, but historian John Hall argues that this overlooks the perspective of many Native American participants."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "Black Hawk, a war captain who had fought against the United States in the War of 1812 and was now in his 60s, emerged as the leader of this faction in 1829."}, {"section_header": "Black Hawk's return", "text": "In late 1831, Neapope, a Sauk civil chief, returned from Fort Malden and told Black Hawk that the British and the other Illinois tribes were prepared to support the Sauks against the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Menominee and Dakota tribes, already at odds with the Sauks and Meskwakis, supported the United States."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Tribes along the Upper Mississippi had long fought for control of diminishing hunting grounds, and the Black Hawk War provided an opportunity for some Natives to resume a war that had nothing to do with Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "By the time of the Black Hawk War, the population of the two tribes was about 6,000 people."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "In the 19th century, historian Lyman Draper argued that the Black Hawk War could have been avoided had Forsyth remained as the agent to the Sauks."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Before the Black Hawk War, U.S. policy discouraged intertribal warfare."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War was a war between the Black Hawk Tribe with the Sauks, Meskwakis and the Cherokee against the United States.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Rebecca was buried in the cave in the field of Machpelah near Mamre, in the land of Canaan (Gen 49:31)."}], "id": "4sIaYILZQLVDuhwZk3cl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs,"}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "As he did, Deborah (Rebecca's nurse) died and was buried at a place that Jacob calls Alon Bachuth (\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05ea), \"Tree of Weepings\" (Gen. 35:8)."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Rebecca was buried in the cave in the field of Machpelah near Mamre, in the land of Canaan (Gen 49:31)."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Rebecca's death after Jacob's 20 years with Laban indicates that Jacob was 97 when his mother died and Rebecca was either 120 or 134 (based on different Midrashim mentioned earlier about her age at marriage)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca's brother was Laban the Aramean, and she was the grand daughter of Milcah and Nahor, the brother of Abraham."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Seeing the jewelry, Rebecca's brother Laban ran out to greet the guest and bring him inside."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram-Naharaim."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After the Binding of Isaac, Sarah died."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "He vowed to himself to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "At this time, the Sages state that one should begin to think he might not exceed the age of whichever parent died first."}], "text": "Rebecca's body was buried in a cave when she died.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "He was prescribed pain medication for these problems  and informed on the day of his death that his hip had worsened to a more serious injury."}], "id": "4ui4didEfnX4oErFIrbG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "The following year, they played \"Taxman\", \"I Need You\" and \"Handle with Care\" (joined for the last by Jeff Lynne, Dhani Harrison, and Jim Keltner) at the Concert for George in honor of Petty's friend and former bandmate George Harrison."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that Petty had died accidentally from mixed drug toxicity, a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam (both sedatives); and citalopram (an antidepressant).In a statement on his official website , Petty's wife and daughter said he had multiple medical problems, including emphysema, knee difficulties \"and most significantly a fractured hip\"."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "The statement read, \"[it] is our feeling that the pain was simply unbearable and was the cause for his overuse of medication."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The album also featured Petty's first duet, \"Insider\" with Stevie Nicks."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1988\u20131991: Traveling Wilburys and solo career", "text": "The album was named Vol. 3 as a response to a series of bootlegged studio sessions being sold as Travelling Wilburys Vol."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "He was prescribed pain medication for these problems  and informed on the day of his death that his hip had worsened to a more serious injury."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is stated that Petty had been suffering with pain throughout the tour, but refused to cancel due to it potentially being the final Heartbreakers tour and not wanting to let anyone down."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "He was resuscitated and taken to the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica, California, where he died at 8:40 pm PDT (03:40 am GMT) after premature reports of his death throughout the day."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1988\u20131991: Traveling Wilburys and solo career", "text": "The band's first song, \"Handle with Care\", was intended as a B-side of one of Harrison's singles, but was judged too good for that purpose and the group decided to record a full album, Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In May 1987, an arsonist set fire to Petty's house in Encino, California."}], "text": "Tom Petty's demise could be uncharitably attributed to inadequate follow-up medical care.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Petty"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Photons are massless, and they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299792458 m/s."}], "id": "4w0Qj0Fl9Gqvf3PzPk7P", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "In the case that the photon has mass, the mass term 1/2m2A\u03bcA\u03bc would affect the galactic plasma."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "If a photon did have non-zero mass, there would be other effects as well."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "These effects yield more sensitive experimental probes of the photon mass than the frequency dependence of the speed of light."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "In that theory, the mass of electrons (or, more generally, leptons) is modified by including the mass contributions of virtual photons, in a technique known as renormalization."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "The fact that no such effects are seen implies an upper bound on the photon mass of m < 3\u00d710\u221227 eV/c2."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "If the photon mass is generated via the Higgs mechanism then the upper limit of m \u2272 10\u221214 eV/c2 from the test of Coulomb's law is valid."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "}   . Similarly, the mass of a system that absorbs a photon is increased by a corresponding amount."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "E                 { \\displaystyle E}    of the photon as measured in the rest frame of the emitting system, which may result in a reduction in mass in the amount"}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "As an application, the energy balance of nuclear reactions involving photons is commonly written in terms of the masses of the nuclei involved, and terms of the form                                    E                             /"}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Photons are massless, and they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299792458 m/s."}], "text": "The photon has no mass.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Photon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "id": "4wXCdAQXzjBUzjK8jKXs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "Jenny Turner described Sons and Lovers as a semi-autobiographical work in The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion (1993)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "The critic Harold Bloom listed Sons and Lovers as one of the books that have been important and influential in Western culture in The Western Canon (1994)."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | In Lawrence's own words", "text": "But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers \u2013 first the eldest, then the second."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers"}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable'; he encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | In Lawrence's own words", "text": "The son loves his mother \u2013 all the sons hate and are jealous of the father."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "text": "Sons and Lovers is described as one of D.H Lawrence's best work.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vanessa Redgrave  (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress and activist."}], "id": "517abzB6GbAuZBZyGcSk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joely Richardson and Natasha Richardson, the aunt of British actress Jemma Redgrave, the mother-in-law of actor Liam Neeson and film producer Tim Bevan, and the grandmother of Daisy Bevan and Miche\u00e1l and Daniel Neeson."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vanessa Redgrave  (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress and activist."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early stage and film career", "text": "Vanessa Redgrave entered the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1954."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 1961, Vanessa Redgrave was an active member of the Committee of 100 and its working group."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 2004, Vanessa Redgrave and her brother Corin Redgrave launched the Peace and Progress Party, which campaigned against the Iraq War and for human rights."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": ", she is the daughter of Sir Michael Redgrave and Lady Redgrave (the actress Rachel Kempson), the sister of Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, the mother of actresses"}, {"section_header": "Career | The 1970s and political controversy", "text": "Her co-star in the film was Jane Fonda (playing writer Lillian Hellman), who, in her 2005 autobiography, noted that:  there is a quality about Vanessa that makes me feel as if she resides in a netherworld of mystery that eludes the rest of us mortals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Proclaimed as the \"Greatest Actress of our Time\" by Tennessee Williams, Redgrave is the recipient of the Triple Crown of Acting, and was inducted to the American Theatre Hall of Fame, and received the BAFTA Fellowship."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career | Film and television", "text": "If These Walls Could Talk 2 (2000) earned her a Golden Globe for Best TV Series Supporting Actress, as well as earning an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a TV Film or Miniseries."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Redgrave was married to film and theatre director Tony Richardson from 1962 to 1967; the couple had two daughters: actresses Natasha Richardson (1963\u20132009), and Joely Richardson (b. 1965)."}], "text": "Vanessa Redgrave is an Australian actress is the mother-in-law of Liam Neeson.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Vanessa Redgrave"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "Deng's ancestors can be traced back to Jiaying County (now renamed to Meixian), Guangdong, a prominent ancestral area for the Hakka people, and had settled in Sichuan for several generations."}], "id": "5363FY5ibDNxEpPtS6mm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Deng Xiaoping (, also UK: ; courtesy name Xixian; 22 August 1904 \u2013 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 until 1989."}, {"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Mayor of Chongqing", "text": "On 1 October 1949, Deng attended the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in Beijing."}, {"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Political rise in Beijing", "text": "Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union had worsened since the death of Stalin."}, {"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "Officially, Deng was eulogized as a \"great Marxist, great Proletarian Revolutionary, statesman, military strategist, and diplomat; one of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army of China, and the People's Republic of China; the great architect of China's socialist opening-up and modernized construction; the founder of Deng Xiaoping Theory\"."}, {"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Political rise in Beijing", "text": "Mao agreed to cede the presidency of the People's Republic of China (China's de jure head of state position) to Liu Shaoqi, while retaining his positions as leader of the party and the army."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet as well as in southwest China to consolidate Communist control."}, {"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Political rise in Beijing", "text": "At the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1956, Deng supported removing all references to \"Mao Zedong Thought\" from the party statutes."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | International affairs", "text": "On 1 January 1979, the United States recognized the People's Republic of China, leaving the (Taiwan) Republic of China's nationalist government to one side, and business contacts between China and the West began to grow."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Paramount leader of China", "text": "During his paramount leadership, his official state positions were Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1978\u20131983 and Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China from 1983\u20131990, while his official party positions were Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1977\u20131982, Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China from 1981\u20131989 and Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission from 1982\u20131987."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Boluan Fanzheng", "text": "In 1982 the Central Committee of the Communist Party released a document entitled On the Various Historical Issues since the Founding of the People's Republic of China."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "Deng's ancestors can be traced back to Jiaying County (now renamed to Meixian), Guangdong, a prominent ancestral area for the Hakka people, and had settled in Sichuan for several generations."}], "text": "Deng Xiaoping was a politician for the People's Republic of China after Mao Zedong passed and his ancestors were Mexcians.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jeter has earned the nicknames \"Captain Clutch\" and \"Mr. November\" due to his outstanding play in the postseason."}], "id": "568TdcT2oAe2A0BpU54y", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Player profile", "text": "Jeter is considered to be one of the most consistent baseball players of all time."}, {"section_header": "Player profile", "text": "\" Jeter has been viewed as one of the best players of his generation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter ( JEE-t\u0259r; born June 26, 1974) is an American former professional baseball shortstop, businessman, and baseball executive."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "These included an All-State honorable mention, distinguishing him as one of the best high school baseball players in Michigan, the Kalamazoo Area B'nai B'rith Award for Scholar Athlete, the 1992 High School Player of the Year Award from the American Baseball Coaches Association, the 1992 Gatorade High School Player of the year award, and USA Today's High School Player of the Year."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | Final season (2014)", "text": "On July 17, Derek scored the 1,900th run of his career becoming the 10th player in MLB history to do so."}, {"section_header": "Appearances outside of baseball | Endorsements", "text": "He was ranked as the most marketable player in baseball according to the 2003, 2005, and 2010 Sports Business Surveys."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Defense", "text": "The 2006 book The Fielding Bible by John Dewan contains an essay by Bill James in which he concluded that Jeter \"was probably the most ineffective defensive player in the major leagues, at any position\" over his entire career."}, {"section_header": "Appearances outside of baseball | Endorsements", "text": "A 2011 list by the marketing firm Nielsen ranked Jeter as the most marketable player in baseball, accounting for personal attributes such as sincerity, approachability, experience, and influence."}, {"section_header": "Player profile", "text": "Baseball, board games, playing Jeopardy! , I hate to lose."}, {"section_header": "Appearances outside of baseball | Other appearances", "text": "Jeter made an appearance alongside Peyton Manning to celebrate Saturday Night Live's 40th Anniversary in February 2015.Video games have featured Jeter on their cover, including 2K Sports' MLB 2K5, MLB 2K6, and MLB 2K7, Acclaim Entertainment's All-Star Baseball series of video games, and Gameloft's wireless phone baseball game, Derek Jeter Pro Baseball 2008."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jeter has earned the nicknames \"Captain Clutch\" and \"Mr. November\" due to his outstanding play in the postseason."}], "text": "American baseball player Derek Jeter has been nicknamed \"Captain Clutch\" and is a consistent player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Derek Jeter"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "The concept for the film dated to 1976, when it was developed under the titles The Cut-Whore Killings and The William Munny Killings."}], "id": "59UPQXJZymq7NmQBfvHD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Unforgiven is a 1992 American revisionist Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples."}, {"section_header": "Home media", "text": "Special features include an audio commentary by the Clint Eastwood biographer, Richard Schickel; four documentaries including \"All on Accounta Pullin' a Trigger\", \"Eastwood & Co.: Making Unforgiven\", \"Eastwood... A Star\", and \"Eastwood on Eastwood\", and more."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "The main theme song, \"Claudia's Theme,\" was composed by Clint Eastwood."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film won four Academy Awards: Best Picture and Best Director for Clint Eastwood,"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies \u2013 #98 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was the third Western to win the Oscar for Best Picture, following Cimarron (1931) and Dances with Wolves (1990)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Despite his initial reservations, Ebert eventually included the film in his \"The Great Movies\" list.\"Unforgiven"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Munny recruits his friend Ned Logan, another retired outlaw, and they catch up with the Kid."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Not realizing Munny's identity, Bill beats him up and kicks him out of the saloon for carrying a pistol."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus states, \"As both director and star, Clint Eastwood strips away decades of Hollywood varnish applied to the Wild West, and emerges with a series of harshly eloquent statements about the nature of violence."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "The concept for the film dated to 1976, when it was developed under the titles The Cut-Whore Killings and The William Munny Killings."}], "text": "Clint Eastwood came up with the idea for the movie, Unforgiven, in 1990 when he was in poker tournament.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Unforgiven"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The son of a military bandmaster, Sullivan composed his first anthem at the age of eight and was later a soloist in the boys' choir of the Chapel Royal."}], "id": "59XQLWrlxmNYH110k4GW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "His father was a military bandmaster, clarinettist and music teacher, born in Ireland and raised in Chelsea, London; his mother was English born, of Irish and Italian descent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The son of a military bandmaster, Sullivan composed his first anthem at the age of eight and was later a soloist in the boys' choir of the Chapel Royal."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "Thomas Sullivan was based from 1845 to 1857 at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was the bandmaster and taught music privately to supplement his income."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Posthumous reputation", "text": "\" The work of the Sir Arthur Sullivan Society, founded in 1977, and books about Sullivan by musicians such as Young (1971) and Jacobs (1986) contributed to the re-evaluation of Sullivan's serious music."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Posthumous reputation", "text": "\"Sir Henry Wood continued to perform Sullivan's serious music."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "In other words, it will look rather more than odd to see announced in the papers that a new comic opera is in preparation, the book by Mr. W. S. Gilbert and the music by Sir Arthur Sullivan."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "Sullivan's most serious opera to that point: \" [T]he music follows the book to a higher plane, and we have a genuine English opera, forerunner of many others, let us hope, and possibly significant of an advance towards a national lyric stage.\" Sullivan's only grand opera, Ivanhoe (1891), received generally favourable reviews, although J. A. Fuller Maitland, in The Times, expressed reservations, writing that the opera's \"best portions rise so far above anything else that Sir Arthur Sullivan has given to the world, and have such force and dignity, that it is not difficult to forget the drawbacks which may be found in the want of interest in much of the choral writing, and the brevity of the concerted solo parts.\" Sullivan's 1897 ballet Victoria and Merrie England was one of several late pieces that won praise from most critics: Sir Arthur Sullivan's music is music for the people."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "While recognising the boy's obvious talent, his father knew the insecurity of a musical career and discouraged him from pursuing it."}], "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan's father was a bandmaster in the military.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43 metres (142 ft).It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history and, since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been in use as a church dedicated to \"St. Mary and the Martyrs\" (Latin: Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as \"Santa Maria Rotonda\"."}], "id": "5AviX7UXmwAHmOzQOTzN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "Even by the year 200, there was uncertainty about the origin of the building and its purpose: Agrippa finished the construction of the building called the Pantheon."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43 metres (142 ft).It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history and, since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been in use as a church dedicated to \"St. Mary and the Martyrs\" (Latin: Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as \"Santa Maria Rotonda\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "How the building was actually used is not known."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Rotunda", "text": "No tensile test results are available on the concrete used in the Pantheon; however, Cowan discussed tests on ancient concrete from Roman ruins in Libya, which gave a compressive strength of 20 MPa (2,900 psi)."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Godfrey and Hemsoll maintain that the word Pantheon \"need not denote a particular group of gods, or, indeed, even all the gods, since it could well have had other meanings. ... Certainly the word pantheus or pantheos, could be applicable to individual deities."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Rotunda", "text": "While this building helped buttress the rotunda, there was no interior passage from one to the other."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "Finished by Hadrian but not claimed as one of his works, it used the text of the original inscription on the new fa\u00e7ade (a common practice in Hadrian's rebuilding projects all over Rome; the only building on which Hadrian put his own name was the Temple to the Deified Trajan)."}, {"section_header": "Cardinal deaconry", "text": "Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "Instead, after the intended columns failed to arrive, the builders made many awkward adjustments in order to use shafts 40 Roman feet tall and capitals eight Roman feet tall."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "She reexamined Herbert Bloch's 1959 paper, which is responsible for the commonly maintained Hadrianic date, and maintains that he should not have excluded all of the Trajanic-era bricks from his brick-stamp study."}], "text": "Since it's construction, Pantheon has been in use and therefore one of the most well maintained structures of all ancient Roman buildings.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pantheon, Rome"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The story ends with White Fang relaxing in the sun with the puppies he has fathered with the sheep-dog Collie."}], "id": "5CkUtrAxK2rUwPGh5PNy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "White Fang is a novel by American author Jack London (1876\u20131916) \u2014 and the name of the book's eponymous character, a wild wolfdog."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The story ends with White Fang relaxing in the sun with the puppies he has fathered with the sheep-dog Collie."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Citing an example from White Fang, Roosevelt referred to the fight between the bulldog and the wolfdog \"the very sublimity of absurdity.\" London only responded to the criticism after the controversy had ended."}, {"section_header": "Main characters", "text": "Kiche, White Fang's mother, a sled dog owned by Gray Beaver, known at the beginning of the novel as the \"she-wolf\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "[The Call of the Wild], but [that it] helped establish London as a popular American literary figure\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The story begins before the wolf-dog hybrid is born, with two men and their sled dog team on a journey to deliver the coffin of Lord Alfred to a remote town named Fort McGurry in the higher area of the Yukon Territory."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "White Fang nearly suffocates, but is rescued when a rich, young gold hunter, Weedon Scott, stops the fight, and forcefully buys White Fang from Beauty Smith."}, {"section_header": "Main characters", "text": "Lip-lip, a canine pup who also lives in the Native American village and bullies White Fang."}, {"section_header": "Main characters", "text": "Cherokee, a bulldog who was the only dog to defeat White Fang."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "When the pack finally brings down a moose, the famine is ended; they eventually split up, and the story now follows a she-wolf and her mate, One Eye."}], "text": "White Fang, a novel by American author Jack London, ends with the wolf dog hybrid being suffocated.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "White Fang"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Schools", "text": "The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey."}], "id": "5JUV3sdJsQkoDHEBJTxl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Organ", "text": "In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ."}, {"section_header": "Music | Organ", "text": "The two organ cases, designed and built in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops."}, {"section_header": "Schools", "text": "The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Music | Organ", "text": "Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction of the present church", "text": "The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order."}, {"section_header": "Music | Organ", "text": "The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction of the present church", "text": "The Abbot of Westminster often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right."}, {"section_header": "History | 1042: Edward the Confessor starts rebuilding St Peter's Abbey", "text": "Between 1042 and 1052, King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "A late tradition claims that Aldrich, a young fisherman on the River Thames, had a vision of Saint Peter near the site."}, {"section_header": "Burials and memorials", "text": "Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work."}], "text": "There's a special place for training the young lads that provide lyrical accompaniment to the famed organ of Westminster Abbey.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Westminster Abbey"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "It is usually said that Pinkerton slipped on the pavement and bit his tongue, resulting in gangrene."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Allan Pinkerton died in Chicago on July 1, 1884."}], "id": "5NoN0xjTcZklfERbprW2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Allan Pinkerton was so famous that for decades after his death, his surname was a slang term for a private eye."}, {"section_header": "Writings", "text": "Most historians believe that Allan Pinkerton hired ghostwriters, but the books nonetheless bear his name and no doubt reflect his views."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 \u2013 1 July 1884) was a Scottish\u2013American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the 2019 film \u2018Badland\u2019 Kevin Makely plays the main character and protagonist, Mathias Breecher, a detective of the Pinkerton Detective Agency."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Hardboiled crime fiction writer Dashiell Hammett was employed by the Pinkerton agency before becoming an author, and his experiences influenced the character of the Continental Op who was a Continental Detective Agency operative, similar to the Pinkertons."}, {"section_header": "Early life, career and immigration", "text": "In 1850, he partnered with Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in forming the North-Western Police Agency, which later became Pinkerton & Co, and finally Pinkerton National Detective Agency, still in existence today as Pinkerton Consulting and Investigations, a subsidiary of Securitas AB."}, {"section_header": "American Civil War", "text": "Pinkerton himself served on several undercover missions as a Confederate soldier using the alias Major E.J. Allen."}, {"section_header": "Writings", "text": "Some were published after his death, and they are considered to have been more motivated by a desire to promote his detective agency than a literary endeavour."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Allan Pinkerton died in Chicago on July 1, 1884."}, {"section_header": "American Civil War", "text": "His agents often worked undercover as Confederate soldiers and sympathizers to gather military intelligence."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "It is usually said that Pinkerton slipped on the pavement and bit his tongue, resulting in gangrene."}], "text": "Allan Pinkerton, famous detective, soldier, and creator of the Pinkerton Agency, is commonly believed to have shed his mortal coil by falling over and biting the muscle in his mouth, causing a deadly infection.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Allan Pinkerton"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It was the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the United States and Canada and was also the most popular film at the British box office that year."}], "id": "5OD8RyZ6KjRa6R9qUd5w", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "By October 1960, the film had earned worldwide box office revenues of $30 million."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as \"Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It was the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the United States and Canada and was also the most popular film at the British box office that year."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was re-released in 1964 and earned a further estimated $2.6 million at the box office in the United States and Canada but the following year its revised total US and Canadian revenues were reported by Variety as $17,195,000."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "According to Variety, the film earned estimated domestic box office revenues of $18,000,000 although this was revised downwards the following year to $15,000,000, which was still the biggest for 1958 and Columbia's highest-grossing film at the time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music and soundtrack", "text": "He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the \"worst job I ever had in my life\" from the point of view of time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The British Film Institute placed The Bridge on the River Kwai as the 11th greatest British film."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the Jerry Lewis comedy The Geisha Boy, Sessue Hayakawa lampoons his role in The Bridge on the River Kwai."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai."}], "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai was a smash at the box offices in 1956.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Hugh Evans, a Welsh parson, tries to enlist the help of Mistress Quickly (servant to Doctor Caius) in wooing Anne for Slender, but the doctor discovers this and challenges Evans to a duel."}], "id": "5OnF64FYvtJJ1Qkna0it", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "This is the only opera version to retain all of the characters as well as the subplot of the duel between Dr. Caius and Sir Hugh Evans."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "The opera contains much German spoken dialogue, and many of the characters' names have been changed (the names of the Mistresses Ford and Page are now Fluth and Reich) and there is more focus given between the romance of Fenton and Anne."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "At least parts of the play may have been written around or before the first performances of Part 1 in 1597, after which controversy over the original naming of Falstaff (he was originally the historic Sir John Oldcastle, which presumably did not please Oldcastle's descendants) forced Shakespeare to rename the character."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes", "text": "Much humour is derived from the exaggerated accents of Dr. Caius and Sir Hugh Evans."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "During the period of anti-German feelings in England during World War I, many German names and titles were changed and given more English-sounding names, including the royal family's from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "The roles of Master Page, Slender, Shallow, Sir Hugh Evans, and many others are eliminated."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The play is nominally set in the early 15th century, during the same period as the Henry IV plays featuring Falstaff, but there is only one brief reference to this period, a line in which the character Fenton is said to have been one of Prince Hal's rowdy friends (he \"kept company with the wild prince and Poins\")."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes", "text": "he exclaims that he has married \"oon garcon\", and Evans speaks in a thick Welsh accent to the point that Falstaff complains that he \"makes fritters of English\" (5,5,135) Much of the comedic effect of the play is derived from misunderstandings between characters."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Hugh Evans, a Welsh parson, tries to enlist the help of Mistress Quickly (servant to Doctor Caius) in wooing Anne for Slender, but the doctor discovers this and challenges Evans to a duel."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "It appears that the joke in V,v,85\u201390 is that Oldcastle/Falstaff incriminates himself by calling out the first letter of his name, \"O, O, O!,\" when his fingertips are singed with candles \u2013 which of course works for \"Oldcastle\" but not \"Falstaff."}], "text": "A religious person named Hugh is a character in the play.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Merry Wives of Windsor"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffith was born in Clear Creek, Missouri, to Isaiah and Sarah Anne Griffith."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Fearing a malaria epidemic that was sweeping through the area, the Griffith family moved to Bloomington, Illinois."}], "id": "5XC99BIBlZiYJJj8ulea", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They had lived in Illinois prior to Clark Griffith's birth."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Fearing a malaria epidemic that was sweeping through the area, the Griffith family moved to Bloomington, Illinois."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the age of seventeen, Griffith had made ten dollars pitching in a local baseball game in Hoopeston, Illinois."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sarah Griffith struggled to raise her children as a widow, but Clark Griffith later said that his neighbors in Missouri had been very helpful to his mother, planting crops for her and the children."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffith was born in Clear Creek, Missouri, to Isaiah and Sarah Anne Griffith."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "When I told Clark Griffith what I had done, he screamed, \"You paid $7,500 for that bum?"}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "In Harris' case, they won the 1924 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "He did the same with Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching \u200b226 1\u20443 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "During World War I, he successfully petitioned Woodrow Wilson to allow the continuation of baseball."}], "text": "Clark Griffith was brought into this world in Missouri, not Illinois, Illinois was simply where they all lived afterwards.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Clark Griffith"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its eponymous fifth album, Metallica (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era."}], "id": "5aCRSDCStwNofITJZKCK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its eponymous fifth album, Metallica (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "The band was officially formed on October 28, 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 125 million albums worldwide as of 2018."}, {"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "The album brought Metallica mainstream attention; it has been certified 16 times platinum in the U.S., which makes it the 25th-best-selling album in the country."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "MTV ranked Metallica the third \"Greatest Heavy Metal Band in History\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of 2017, Metallica is the third best-selling music artist since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, selling a total of 58 million albums in the United States."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the label's upcoming compilation album, Metal Massacre."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": ", \"they really changed my life when I was 16 years old\u2014I'd never heard anything that heavy\"."}], "text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band formed in 1981 selling over 16 million albums.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "He stayed in Mexico through 1955, playing for teams in Torre\u00f3n, Xalapa, Durango and Obreg\u00f3n."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Shortly before his death in 1997, Leonard was the subject of a North Carolina General Assembly proclamation recognizing his contributions to baseball."}], "id": "5dG409azKMmAGCR7THFV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He began playing semiprofessional baseball while working for the railroad, then decided to pursue his living with the sport."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "After retiring as a player, Leonard worked as a truant officer, served as a physical education instructor and started a realty company."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "In fact, Negro league star Monte Irvin said that if Leonard had been allowed in the major leagues, baseball fans \"might have called Lou Gehrig the white Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Walter Fenner \"Buck\" Leonard (September 8, 1907 \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Career statistics | Negro leagues", "text": "These statistics include the official Negro league statistics for Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Family members began calling him \"Buck\", a name which stuck with him throughout his life."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "He began his Negro league career in 1933 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants, then moved to the legendary Homestead Grays in 1934, the team he played for until his retirement in 1950."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Since Gibson was known as the \"Black Babe Ruth\" and Leonard was a first baseman, Buck Leonard was inevitably called the \"Black Lou Gehrig."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "And we wore baseball shoes and wore baseball uniforms"}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "and we thought we were making a contribution to baseball."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "He stayed in Mexico through 1955, playing for teams in Torre\u00f3n, Xalapa, Durango and Obreg\u00f3n."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Shortly before his death in 1997, Leonard was the subject of a North Carolina General Assembly proclamation recognizing his contributions to baseball."}], "text": "Buck lived for only a decade more after his retirement from baseball.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Buck Leonard"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Since its release, Chariots of Fire has received generally positive reviews from critics."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "As of 2020, the film holds an 85% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 71 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.64/10."}], "id": "5hSS9wm2eSObEfjf5Xib", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "I veterans who use an obscenity \u2013 in order to be given a PG rating."}, {"section_header": "Accolades", "text": "Hot 100 No. 1 Hot 100 No. 1 Hits of 1982 (USA) (8 May) \u2013 Vangelis, Chariots of Fire themeAmerican Film Institute recognition  1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies - Nominated 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores - Nominated 2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - No. 100 2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) - Nominated 2008: AFI's 10 Top 10 - Nominated Sports Movie"}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "As of 2020, the film holds an 85% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 71 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.64/10."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "In the U.S., to avoid the initial G rating, which had been strongly associated with children's films and might have hindered box office sales, a different scene was used \u2013 one depicting Abrahams and Montague arriving at a Cambridge railway station and encountering two World War"}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Since its release, Chariots of Fire has received generally positive reviews from critics."}], "text": "The movie has been rated negatively.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Chariots of Fire"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroads, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures."}], "id": "5puWv68zQmLZYUGAVJlI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "During the term of the bargain, Faust makes use of Mephistopheles in various ways."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world."}, {"section_header": "Television adaptations | Chespirito's Faust", "text": "Faust responds by using the Chirr\u00edn-Chirri\u00f3n to make the contract itself disappear, which makes Mephistopheles cry."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroads, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "He makes a bargain with Faust: Mephistopheles will serve Faust with his magic powers for a set number of years, but at the end of the term, the Devil will claim Faust's soul, and Faust will be eternally enslaved."}, {"section_header": "Television adaptations | Chespirito's Faust", "text": "At this point, Mephistopheles returns to take Faust's soul to hell, producing the signed contract for supporting his claim."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Ben\u00e9t's The Devil and Daniel Webster", "text": "The Devil and Daniel Webster published in 1937 is a retelling of the tale of Faust based on the short story The Devil and Tom Walker, written by Washington Irving."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Frustrated with learning and the limits to his knowledge, power, and enjoyment of life, he attracts the attention of the Devil (represented by Mephistopheles), who makes a bet with Faust that he will be able to satisfy him; a notion that Faust is incredibly reluctant towards, as he believes this happy zenith will never come."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Ben\u00e9t's The Devil and Daniel Webster", "text": "It was adapted in 1941 as The Devil and Daniel Webster with James Craig as Jabez and Edward Arnold as Webster."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Goethe's Faust complicates the simple Christian moral of the original legend."}], "text": "Faust is about a Russian legend as he has to make a big choice about which path to take during a deal with the Devil.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Hawthorne wrote to him, \"We were not, it is true, so well acquainted at college, that I can plead an absolute right to inflict my 'twice-told' tediousness upon you; but I have often regretted that we were not better known.\" In his 14-page critique in the April issue of the North American Review, Longfellow praised the book as a work of genius."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Poe particularly praised Hawthorne's originality as \"remarkable\"."}], "id": "5xjcNMGy6a9HJZvTLE3G", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"Edgar Allan Poe wrote a well-known two-part review of the second edition of Twice-Told Tales, published in the April and May 1842 issues of Graham's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "On October 11, 1841, Hawthorne signed a contract with publisher James Munroe to issue a new, two-volume edition of Twice-Told Tales with 21 more works than the previous edition."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Hawthorne wrote to him, \"We were not, it is true, so well acquainted at college, that I can plead an absolute right to inflict my 'twice-told' tediousness upon you; but I have often regretted that we were not better known.\" In his 14-page critique in the April issue of the North American Review, Longfellow praised the book as a work of genius."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Poe admitted, \"The style of Hawthorne is purity itself."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Poe particularly praised Hawthorne's originality as \"remarkable\"."}], "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne, receiving genius reviews from Longfellow and Poe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "Lars Arffssen The Girl who Fixed the Umlaut (2010) \u2013 Nora Ephron"}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}], "id": "60pq3niODdEGz9Nk9vTG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The Guardian ranked The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo #98 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008.The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "Adam Roberts The Girl with the Sturgeon Tattoo (2011) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo, an episode of Class by Patrick Ness"}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "Lars Arffssen The Girl who Fixed the Umlaut (2010) \u2013 Nora Ephron"}], "text": "There have been many mockeries of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He held the position for thirteen months, until he was removed from the position and barred entirely from the track; he was accused of \"using profanity to three horse owners\" and \"charged with being drunk and disorderly."}], "id": "61XSMNH1lIgGttXAlcLn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "In March 1952, MacPhail was appointed President of Bowie Race Track in Bowie, Maryland."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He held the position for thirteen months, until he was removed from the position and barred entirely from the track; he was accused of \"using profanity to three horse owners\" and \"charged with being drunk and disorderly."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Since 1966, Minor League Baseball has annually awarded the Larry MacPhail Award to recognize the top promotional effort by a minor league team."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "His other son Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was President of CNN Sports, brought on by Reese Schonfeld to create the department upon the network's launch."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "His son and namesake Lee MacPhail enjoyed a long career in baseball, most notably as president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail resigned as president of the Dodgers on September 23, 1942, to accept a commission in the United States Army."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "Returning from the war, MacPhail served as president, co-owner and general manager for the New York Yankees."}], "text": "Larry MacPhail was removed as President of Bowie Track after problems with methamphetamine abuse.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}], "id": "657Mf4GPMvemfOmLp2vq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "After this rebuff, Bizet entered an opera competition which Jacques Offenbach had organised for young composers, with a prize of 1,200 francs."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "No trace exists, and it is unlikely that Bizet ever started it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to Dean, she was as delighted by the part as Bizet was by her suitability for it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "For most of his life, Bizet had suffered from a recurrent throat complaint."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "The prize was awarded jointly to Bizet and Charles Lecocq, a compromise which years later Lecocq criticised on the grounds of the jury's manipulation by Fromental Hal\u00e9vy in favour of Bizet."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": ", Bizet competed for the prestigious Prix de Rome."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Paris, 1860\u20131863", "text": "As a pianist, Bizet had showed considerable skill from his earliest years."}, {"section_header": "Life | Marriage", "text": "Ludovic Hal\u00e9vy wrote in his journal: \"Bizet has spirit and talent."}, {"section_header": "Life | War and upheaval", "text": "Bizet greeted with enthusiasm the proclamation in Paris of the Third Republic."}], "text": "Bizet is native of Marseille, France.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Minor League Baseball (1987\u20131988)", "text": "Griffey was the number one overall selection by the Seattle Mariners during the Major League Baseball Amateur Draft held on June 2, 1987."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Griffey once again sported #24 with the Mariners; the team had not issued the number to any player or coach in the nine years between his two stints in Seattle."}], "id": "65eYHsuBcnUnBtSPQCK7", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "That same year, Griffey was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "A campaign had been formed to rename a section of First Avenue South, which runs adjacent to T-Mobile Park, to Ken Griffey Jr. Drive just after his announcement to retire from baseball."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "At the beginning of the 2007 Major League Baseball season, Ryan Freel took over center field for the Reds, and Griffey Jr. was moved to right field."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "Griffey is one of two Baseball Hall of Fame inductees who have been chosen first overall in an MLB draft."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "He played in the World Baseball Classic for the American team that off-season with his father as a coach."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The team also honored Griffey in a unique fashion in the 2016 MLB draft, selecting his son Trey in the 24th round (matching his jersey number), even though Trey, at the time a wide receiver at the University of Arizona, had not played baseball since his preteen years."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Minor League Baseball (1987\u20131988)", "text": "Griffey was the number one overall selection by the Seattle Mariners during the Major League Baseball Amateur Draft held on June 2, 1987."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Griffey once again sported #24 with the Mariners; the team had not issued the number to any player or coach in the nine years between his two stints in Seattle."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Minor League Baseball (1987\u20131988)", "text": "Baseball America magazine named him the league's number one major league prospect."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. played for two baseball teams in the Majors, the Mariners and Reds.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}], "id": "6A91NONwk8lLVpnRZ8OT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "When published in 1940, the novel created a literary sensation and enjoyed a rapid rise to the top of the bestseller lists; it was the first in a string of works by McCullers that give voice to those who are rejected, forgotten, mistreated or oppressed."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "The majority of literary critics have perceived Singer as, in Rich's words, \"the pivotal character of the novel\", and Rich argues that the interaction of other characters with him is the reason for this."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich also characterizes Singer as doing \"almost nothing\" in the story except benevolent acts that \"suggest democracy at work\"."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}], "text": "The book's name was inspired by a literary work.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was originally constructed as a small fortress in AD 889 on the remains of Roman fortifications, and then largely ignored until its ruins were renovated and rebuilt in the mid-13th century by the Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada, who built its current palace and walls with many beautiful, intricate details."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada."}], "id": "6DcOy1Zrw48GKIt3DNuc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influence | In literature", "text": "Parts of the following works are set in the Alhambra: Washington Irving's Tales of the Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In board games", "text": "Dirk Henn's game Der Palast von Alhambra, literally \"The Palace of the Alhambra\"."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In music", "text": "Alhambra has directly inspired musical compositions as Francisco T\u00e1rrega's famous tremolo study for guitar Recuerdos De La Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In music", "text": "Alb\u00e9niz also composed an uncompleted Suite Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In astronomy", "text": "There is a main belt asteroid named Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alhambra was extended by the different Muslim rulers who lived in the complex."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In music", "text": "Julian Anderson wrote an orchestral piece, Alhambra Fantasy."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In architecture", "text": "The Alhambra inspired:  the synagogue Isaac M. Wise Temple"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was originally constructed as a small fortress in AD 889 on the remains of Roman fortifications, and then largely ignored until its ruins were renovated and rebuilt in the mid-13th century by the Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada, who built its current palace and walls with many beautiful, intricate details."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada."}], "text": "The Alhambra was only modified once.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Charles suffered a sudden apoplectic fit on the morning of 2 February 1685, and died aged 54 at 11:45 am four days later at Whitehall Palace."}], "id": "6DgpsBNEaxHRYg4nndYJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life, civil war and exile", "text": "Their first son was born about a year before Charles, but died within a day."}, {"section_header": "Early life, civil war and exile", "text": "With Cromwell's forces threatening Charles's position in Scotland, it was decided to mount an attack on England."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with Parliament", "text": "Having lost the support of Parliament, Danby resigned his post of Lord High Treasurer, but received a pardon from the king."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He was the personal patron of Sir Christopher Wren, the architect who helped rebuild London after the Great Fire and who constructed the Royal Hospital Chelsea, which Charles founded as a home for retired soldiers in 1682."}, {"section_header": "Restoration | Clarendon Code", "text": "Theatres reopened after having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver Cromwell, and bawdy \"Restoration comedy\" became a recognisable genre."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Traditional celebrations involved the wearing of oak leaves but these have now died out."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "A great fire, however, destroyed Charles's lodgings at Newmarket, which forced him to leave the races early, thus inadvertently avoiding the planned attack."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with Parliament", "text": "Clifford, who had converted to Catholicism, resigned rather than take the oath, and died shortly after, possibly from suicide."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Charles, a patron of the arts and sciences, founded the Royal Observatory and supported the Royal Society, a scientific group whose early members included Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Charles suffered a sudden apoplectic fit on the morning of 2 February 1685, and died aged 54 at 11:45 am four days later at Whitehall Palace."}], "text": "Charles ll was found to have died of a heart attack.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Charles II of England"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}], "id": "6Ec8scQvqLq2DQmDOq9B", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Technical grade H2SO4 is impure and often colored, but is suitable for making fertilizer."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "PO                            4                                                                                           {\\displaystyle {\\ce {{\\overset {fluorapatite}{Ca5F(PO4)3}}+{5H2SO4}+10H2O->{\\overset {calcium~sulfate}{5CaSO4.2H2O}}+{HF}+3H3PO4}}}   Ammonium sulfate, an important nitrogen fertilizer, is most commonly produced as a byproduct from coking plants supplying the iron and steel making plants."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "It is used for making hydrochloric acid from salt via the Mannheim process."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Sulfur\u2013iodine cycle", "text": "But note that all of the available energy in the hydrogen so produced is supplied by the heat used to make it."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "For example, it is the usual acid catalyst for the conversion of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam, used for making nylon."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Most of this amount (\u224860%) is consumed for fertilizers, particularly superphosphates, ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfates."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "It is also used for making aluminium hydroxide, which is used at water treatment plants to filter out impurities, as well as to improve the taste of the water."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is most commonly used in fertilizer manufacture, but is also important in mineral processing, oil refining, wastewater processing, and chemical synthesis."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Pure grades, such as United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade, are used for making pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs."}], "text": "It is majorly used in the \"dry method\" to make fertilizers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance | Textual revisions", "text": "After the initial publication of the magazine edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), Wilde expanded the text from 13 to 20 chapters and obscured the homoerotic themes of the story."}], "id": "6FYUCN4W8BSOkbFPf0hI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance | Publication history", "text": "In the magazine edition (1890), Basil tells Lord Henry how he \"worships\" Dorian, and begs him not to \"take away the one person that makes my life absolutely lovely to me.\" In the magazine edition, Basil concentrates upon love, whereas, in the book edition (1891), Basil concentrates upon his art, saying to Lord Henry, \"the one person who gives my art whatever charm it may possess: my life as an artist depends on him.\" The magazine edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) was expanded from thirteen to twenty chapters; and the magazine edition's final chapter was divided into two chapters, the nineteenth and twentieth chapters of the book edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Criticism", "text": "The book critic of The Irish Times said, The Picture of Dorian Gray was \"first published to some scandal.\" Such book reviews achieved for the novel a \"certain notoriety for being 'mawkish and nauseous', 'unclean', 'effeminate' and 'contaminating'."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Publication history", "text": "The literary merits of The Picture of Dorian Gray impressed Stoddart, but, as an editor, he told the publisher, George Lippincott, \"in its present condition there are a number of things an innocent woman would make an exception to. ... \" Among the pre-publication deletions that Stoddart and his editors made to the text of Wilde's original manuscript were: ("}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It exists in several versions: the 1890 magazine edition (in 13 chapters), with important material deleted before publication by the magazine's editor, J. M. Stoddart; the \"uncensored\" version submitted to Lippincott's Monthly Magazine for publication (also in 13 chapters), with all of Wilde's original material intact, first published in 2011 by Harvard University Press; and the 1891 book edition (in 20 chapters)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Preface", "text": "Earlier, before writing the preface, Wilde had written a book review of Herbert Giles's translation of the work of Zhuang Zhou."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "James had been seeking vengeance upon Dorian ever since Sibyl killed herself, but had no leads to pursue as the only thing he knew about Dorian was the name Sibyl called him, \"Prince Charming\"."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Textual revisions", "text": "After the initial publication of the magazine edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), Wilde expanded the text from 13 to 20 chapters and obscured the homoerotic themes of the story."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He discovers the actress Sibyl Vane, who performs Shakespeare plays in a dingy, working-class theatre."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Possible Disraeli influence", "text": "Some commentators have suggested that The Picture of Dorian Gray was influenced by the British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's (anonymously published) first novel Vivian Grey (1826) as, \"a kind of homage from one outsider to another."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Textual revisions", "text": "In the novel version of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), chapters 3, 5, and 15 to 18, inclusive, are new; and chapter 13 of the magazine edition was divided, and became chapters 19 and 20 of the novel edition."}], "text": "Upon being published as a book, 6 chapters were added, one split into two, and certain things were censored to make the work less objectionable to the public.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Picture of Dorian Gray"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His paternal ancestors were immigrants from Northern Germany in the middle of the 19th century."}], "id": "6JhbPqDGuDF4JWM6CODp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1910, when Sisler was a high school senior, his brother Efbert died of tuberculosis, but Sisler was able to move in with a local family and finish school."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Rickey talked to Pittsburgh owner Barney Dreyfuss about releasing Sisler from the contract he had signed as a minor, but Dreyfuss maintained his claim to Sisler."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "In 1920, Sisler played every inning of each game."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Sisler later said, \"I planned to get back in uniform for 1924."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Writer Floyd Bell described Sisler as \"modest, almost to a point of bashfulness, as far from egotism as a blushing debutante... Shift the conversation to Sisler himself and he becomes a clam."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sisler was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "It was after this start that Rickey decided to transition Sisler to first base."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Sisler, however, was much more reserved than those three stars."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler also spent some time as commissioner of the National Baseball Congress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After Sisler retired as a player, he worked as a major league scout and aide."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His paternal ancestors were immigrants from Northern Germany in the middle of the 19th century."}], "text": "Sisler had an European ancestry.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The first match ever recorded for Argentina was against Uruguay."}], "id": "6Q30n8D11ivd0l8sBMp2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Team image | Uniform", "text": "The kit first worn by Argentina was a white shirt, at the official debut of the national side against Uruguay in 1902."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first match ever recorded for Argentina was against Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "Argentina and Uruguay hold the record for most international matches played between two countries."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Uniform", "text": "Chery was Uruguay's substitute goalkeeper and died during the 1919 South American Championship after collapsing in a game against Chile."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "During the first years of its existence, the Argentina national team only played friendly matches against other South American teams."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "The first match between Argentina and Uruguay was also the first official international match to be played outside the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The game was held in Montevideo on 16 May 1901 and Argentina won 3\u20132."}], "text": "The Argentina national football team's initial game was against Uruguay.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A ten time All-Star, he has been elected to both the National Baseball Hall of Fame and St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}], "id": "6UNOZX6tKvx7fjpxw3Bo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal honors", "text": "Slaughter was a fixture at statue dedications at Busch Stadium II for other Cardinal Hall of Famers during the last years of his life."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938\u20131942 and 1946\u20131959."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Immediately upon return from his military service in 1946, Slaughter led the National League with 130 RBI and led the Cardinals to a World Series win over the Boston Red Sox."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "In the decisive seventh game of that series, Slaughter, running with the pitch, made a famous \"Mad Dash\" for home from first base on Harry Walker's hit in the eighth inning, scoring the winning run after a delayed relay throw by the Red Sox' Johnny Pesky."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A ten time All-Star, he has been elected to both the National Baseball Hall of Fame and St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Personal honors", "text": "Slaughter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.His jersey number 9 was retired by the Cardinals on September 6, 1996."}, {"section_header": "Personal honors", "text": "In January, 2014, the Cardinals announced Slaughter among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter had 2,383 hits in his major league career, including 169 home runs, and 1,304 RBI in 2,380 games."}], "text": "Enos Slaughter was in the Majors for over 18 seasons and a Hall of Famer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour."}], "id": "6XTEyW5dIIQYWiyBw3Wx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours, and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "He was proclaimed \"James the first, King of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith\" in London on 24 March 1603."}, {"section_header": "Accession in England", "text": "Elizabeth died in the early hours of 24 March, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day."}, {"section_header": "Childhood | Regencies", "text": "James was anointed King of Scots at the age of thirteen months at the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling, by Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney, on 29 July 1567."}, {"section_header": "Accession in England", "text": "With the Queen clearly dying, Cecil sent James a draft proclamation of his accession to the English throne in March 1603."}, {"section_header": "Childhood | Birth", "text": "She was forced to abdicate on 24 July 1567 in favour of the infant James and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, as regent."}, {"section_header": "Issue", "text": "Died aged 65. Margaret (24 December 1598 \u2013 March 1600)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and styled himself \"King of Great Britain and Ireland\"."}, {"section_header": "Issue", "text": "Succeeded James I & VI. Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602 \u2013 27 May 1602)."}], "text": "James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625, in which he succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders."}], "id": "6ZBb8J2YKLRdTxJgDwSb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 \u2013 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Cultural patronage", "text": "In Rome Gregory XIII built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the Basilica of St. Peter, and extended the Quirinal Palace in 1580."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Reform of the Church", "text": "In a time of considerable centralisation of power, Gregory XIII abolished the Cardinals Consistories, replacing them with Colleges, and appointing specific tasks for these colleges to work on."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Canonizations and beatifications", "text": "The pope canonized four saints during his pontificate and in 1584 beatified his predecessor Pope Gregory VII."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Consistories", "text": "Gregory XIII also named four of his successors as cardinals all in 1583: Giovanni Battista Castagna (Urban VII), Niccol\u00f2 Sfondrati (Gregory XIV), Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti (Innocent IX), and Alessandro de' Medici (Leo XI)."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders."}], "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had a kid.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Campaigning armies and mercenaries funded themselves by looting or by exacting contributions from the inhabitants of occupied territories, imposing severe hardships on the populace."}], "id": "6bYS4i8jQOBjw5tHg5TQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "The result of that conflict and the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War helped establish postwar Sweden as a major force in Europe."}, {"section_header": "French intervention and continued Swedish participation (1635\u20131648)", "text": "In addition, the Swedish army took 5,000 prisoners and seized 46 guns, at a cost to themselves of 4,000 killed or wounded."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Campaigning armies and mercenaries funded themselves by looting or by exacting contributions from the inhabitants of occupied territories, imposing severe hardships on the populace."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "From 1643 to 1645, during the last years of the war, Sweden and Denmark-Norway fought the Torstenson War."}, {"section_header": "The war in the Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Catalonia, Portugal (1640\u20131648)", "text": "For the next decade the Catalans fought under French vassalage, taking the initiative after Montju\u00efc."}, {"section_header": "Casualties and disease", "text": "The chronicles do show that epidemic disease was not a condition exclusive to war time, but was present in many parts of Germany for several decades prior to 1618.When the Imperial and Danish armies clashed in Saxony and Thuringia during 1625 and 1626, disease and infection in local communities increased."}, {"section_header": "Casualties and disease", "text": "Local chronicles repeatedly referred to \"head disease\", \"Hungarian disease\", and a \"spotted\" disease identified as typhus."}, {"section_header": "Mantuan Succession (1628\u20131631)", "text": "Louis XIII of France refused to accept this, and the Austrians found themselves still at war, yet with diminished forces in the area."}, {"section_header": "Casualties and disease", "text": "Information about numerous epidemics is generally found in local chronicles, such as parish registers and tax records, that are often incomplete and may be exaggerated."}], "text": "The Thirty Years' War was fought in Europe and the armies fed themselves by stealing from the locals.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Thirty Years' War"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}], "id": "6blVnl2TNK0S7M3iiNRd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto by Juan Luna (1887) is displayed at the Spanish Senate in Madrid."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "The monumental painting (3.05 m \u00d7 6.35 m) combines the Polish victory procession following this battle with the backdrop of the Battle of Lepanto."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "Tommaso Dolabella painted his The Battle of Lepanto in c. 1625\u20131630 on the commission of Stanis\u0142aw Lubomirski, commander of the Polish left wing in the Battle of Khotyn (1621)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "may you achieve greater deeds; Fernando died as a child, in 1578).The Allegory of the Battle of Lepanto (c. 1572, oil on canvas, 169 x 137 cm, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice) is a painting by Paolo Veronese."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "Prints of the order of battle appeared in Venice and Rome in 1571, and numerous paintings were commissioned, including one in the Doge's Palace, Venice, by Andrea Vicentino on the walls of the Sala dello Scrutinio, which replaced Tintoretto's Victory of Lepanto, destroyed by fire in 1577."}, {"section_header": "Battle", "text": "Don Juan called a council of war and decided to offer battle."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "Titian painted the battle in the background of an allegorical work showing Philip II of Spain holding his infant son, Don Fernando, his male heir born shortly after the victory, on 4 December 1571."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "The lower half of the painting shows the events of the battle, whilst at the top a female personification of Venice is presented to the Virgin Mary, with Saint Roch, Saint Peter, Saint Justina, Saint Mark and a group of angels in attendance."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "A painting by Wenceslas Cobergher, dated to the end of the 16th century, now in San Domenico Maggiore, shows what is interpreted as a victory procession in Rome on the return of admiral Colonna."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Modern literature", "text": "It provides a series of poetic visions of the major characters in the battle, particularly the leader of the Christian forces, Don Juan of Austria."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}], "text": "The Battle of Lepanto is a painting by Juan Luna.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Lepanto"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "Burton died at age 58 from a brain haemorrhage on 5 August 1984 at his home in C\u00e9ligny, Switzerland, where he was later buried."}], "id": "6hOyCNKUBvBKLipCGac8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Later career and final years (1970\u20131984)", "text": "At the time of his death, Burton was preparing to film Wild Geese II, the sequel to The Wild Geese, which was eventually released in 1985."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "He took a scholarship exam for admission into Port Talbot Secondary School in March 1937 and passed it."}, {"section_header": "Career | Hollywood and The Old Vic (1952\u20131954)", "text": "The rise of television was drawing viewers away and the studios looked to new stars and film technologies to tempt viewers back to cinemas."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "I was committed to him\", while Burton later wrote of Philip, \"I owe him everything\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "He requested the help of his schoolmaster, Philip Burton, but his voice cracked during their practice sessions."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "As a result, Richard became Philip's legal ward and changed his surname to \"Richard Burton\", after Philip's own surname, by means of deed poll, which Richard's father accepted."}, {"section_header": "Career | Rise through the ranks and film debut (1948\u20131951)", "text": "Burton was praised for his \"acting fire,"}, {"section_header": "Career | Setback in films and on-stage fame (1955\u20131959)", "text": "The film reunited Burton with Bloom"}, {"section_header": "Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960\u20131969)", "text": "Doctor Faustus was adapted for the screen the following year by both Burton and Coghill, with Burton making his directorial debut."}, {"section_header": "Career | Hollywood and The Old Vic (1952\u20131954)", "text": "Burton reunited with Bloom, who played Ophelia."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Burton died at age 58 from a brain haemorrhage on 5 August 1984 at his home in C\u00e9ligny, Switzerland, where he was later buried."}], "text": "Burton passed away from a cancer in 1985.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Burton"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion."}], "id": "6mWR6X1Sd6NfX2PpXlVy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower began to lean during construction in the 12th century, due to soft ground which could not properly support the structure's weight, and it worsened through the completion of construction in the 14th century."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The reason was not understood until a research group of 16 engineers investigated."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "On 9 August 1173, the foundations of the tower were laid."}], "text": "Some research indicates that the Leaning Tower of Pisa has remained standing through natural disasters due in part to the flexibility of the earth beneath its foundation.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "He told her and her family he liked to give his characters the names of people he had met."}], "id": "6qyszzr80uaAGUEncEhG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Washington Irving had stayed with her family for a short time, asked permission to use her name, and loosely base the character on her."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Subdivision names: Bethel, Connecticut, \"Sleepy Hollow Estates\", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle. Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, \"Sleepy Hollow\", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman. Pearland, Texas, \"Sleepy Hollow\", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Irving may have patterned the character in \"The Legend\" after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" was first published in 1820."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "The wings in the junior high school are also named for characters and places, such as Katrina Van Tassel and Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Town and village names: Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, many of the street names reflect characters from the tale, and the image of the Headless Horseman can be found on many of the city's landmarks and publications."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California, has Irving Drive, Legend Road, Ichabod Court, Katrina Lane, Van Tassel Court, Baltus Lane, Crane Drive, and Van Winkle Drive."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Sleepy Hollow Elementary Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Fire Station 59 in Artondale, Washington has adopted the nickname of \"Sleepy Hollow\", as the station is located in a remote, quiet subdivision within Pierce County."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "He told her and her family he liked to give his characters the names of people he had met."}], "text": "The author of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Washington Irving, preferred to name the characters in his stories after his real life acquaintances.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from."}], "id": "6rhJQRn2BggLxQUDgaN2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The selection process alone took an entire year."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "As Jin had grown up in Manchukuo, he was fluent in Japanese, which was why he was selected to be the warden of Fushun."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "In detail In 1921, it was decided by the Dowager Consorts (the four widows of the emperors before Puyi) that it was time for the 15-year-old Puyi to be married, although court politics dragged the complete process (from selecting the bride, up through the wedding ceremony) out for almost two years."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He chose Wenxiu. Political factions within the palace made the actual choice as to whom Puyi would marry."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He was given four photographs to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Puyi became suspicious of the circumstances when the Japanese immediately offered him photographs of Japanese girls for marriage."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1922 and became his Empress."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The second time Puyi chose Wanrong, who became Empress, while Wenxiu was designated as Consort Shu (\u6dd1\u5983)."}], "text": "Puyi married Webxiu after selecting her photograph from a selection of females to chose from.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces."}], "id": "6wA1oQgMbapBhJVoYmmL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Orchestration", "text": "Young writes that orchestral players generally like playing Sullivan's music: \"Sullivan never asked his players to do what was either uncongenial or impracticable.\" Sullivan's orchestra for the Savoy operas was typical of the theatre orchestra of his era: 2 flutes (+ piccolo), oboe, 2 clarinets, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trombones, timpani, percussion and strings."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "While an organist at the Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, he composed his first ballet, L'\u00cele Enchant\u00e9e (1864)."}, {"section_header": "Recordings", "text": "Mackerras's Sullivan ballet, Pineapple Poll, has received many recordings since its first performance in 1951."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "Sullivan embarked on his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour songs and other light pieces in a more commercial vein."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "The reviewer for The Times called it \"another step in advance on the part of the only composer of any remarkable promise that just at present we can boast.\" In October, Sullivan travelled with George Grove to Vienna in search of neglected scores by Schubert."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Death, honours and legacy", "text": "Since then, his music has been made into ballets (Pineapple Poll (1951) and Pirates of Penzance \u2013 The Ballet! (1991)) and musicals (The Swing Mikado (1938), The Hot Mikado (1939) and Hot Mikado (1986), Hollywood Pinafore and Memphis Bound (both 1945), The Black Mikado (1975), etc.)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "In May 1897 Sullivan's full-length ballet, Victoria and Merrie England, opened at the Alhambra Theatre to celebrate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Among his early major works were a ballet, L'\u00cele Enchant\u00e9e (1864), a symphony, a cello concerto (both 1866), and his Overture di Ballo (1870)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "He took an early opportunity to compose several pieces for royalty in connection with the wedding of the Prince of Wales in 1863.With"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later 1880s", "text": "In 1886 Sullivan composed his second and last large-scale choral work of the decade."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces."}], "text": "Sullivan composed 2 ballets.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}], "id": "71XYIF1SXWduuxwmtxMs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Like Mr. Chips, Balgarnie was a strict disciplinarian, but would also invite boys to visit him for tea and biscuits."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Vince Gilligan created the television show Breaking Bad with the premise that the show's protagonist Walter White would turn from \"From Mr. Chips to Scarface\" through the series' course."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre", "text": "Barbara Burnham adapted the book for a stage production in three acts, which was first performed at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 23 September 1938, with Leslie Banks as Mr. Chips and Constance Cummings as his wife Katherine."}], "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a soap opera about a professor named Mr. Chippendale.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All-Star, Griffey is one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history; his 630 home runs rank as the seventh-most in MLB history."}], "id": "75gI6JunnpunLrc75JPq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All-Star, Griffey is one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history; his 630 home runs rank as the seventh-most in MLB history."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "Writer Bill Simmons pointed out the prevalent belief that Griffey was the best home run hitter of the 1990s who everyone was convinced never used PEDs."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "During the second game of the 2006 regular season, Griffey hit home run #537, surpassing Mickey Mantle for 12th on the all-time list."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "\"On June 23, 2009, at Safeco Field, Griffey hit the 5,000th home run in franchise history, off San Diego Padres pitcher Chad Gaudin."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "He returned on May 11 from a knee injury suffered April 12, and hit a walk-off three-run home run in the bottom of the 11th inning against the Washington Nationals."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "In his 11 seasons with Seattle (1989\u20131999), Griffey established himself as one of the most prolific and exciting players of the era, racking up 1,752 hits, 398 home runs, 1,152 RBI, and 167 stolen bases."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Griffey is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in major league games in four different calendar decades."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "His impressive range allowed frequent spectacular diving plays, and he often dazzled fans with over-the-shoulder basket catches and robbed opposing hitters of home runs by leaping up and pulling them back into the field of play."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "On June 9, Griffey hit his 600th home run on a 3\u20131 pitch from Mark Hendrickson of the Florida Marlins in the first inning at Land Shark Stadium in Miami."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey hit .478 with 17 home runs in his two seasons of high school baseball."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. is the second most prolific home run hitters in baseball history.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "She did not shine academically, failing her O-levels twice."}], "id": "7B660i9wQP2dtGuNS1OO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "Diana also excelled in swimming and diving, and studied ballet and tap dance."}, {"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "She did not shine academically, failing her O-levels twice."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Style icon", "text": "In 2012, Time included Diana on its All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Cancer", "text": "In November 1987, a few days after the death of Jean O'Gorman from cancer, Diana met her family."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "The Prince proposed on 6 February 1981, and Lady Diana accepted, but their engagement was kept secret for the next few weeks."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | HIV/AIDS", "text": "They had planned the combination of the two charities a few months before her death."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In February 1989, she spent a few days in New York as a solo visit."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "Diana attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time on 4 November 1981."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Public image", "text": "In 1999, Time magazine named Diana one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "A few months after Diana's death in 1997, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines won the Nobel Peace Prize."}], "text": "Diana did not excel as a student and failed a few times.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}], "id": "7FO0hHv3yT93afAraUGJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Performances", "text": "The Oxford University Dramatic Society staged it in the original Greek in 1905, with C.W.Mercer as Strepsiades and Compton Mackenzie as Pheidippides."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Agon: The play has two agons."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Aristophanes does not use eupolideans in any other of his extant plays."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Since Cleon died in 422 it can be assumed that this appeal was retained from the original production in 423 and thus the extant play must be a partial revision of the original play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The revised play is an incomplete form of Old Comedy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Putting aside their cloud-like costumes, The Chorus declares that this is the author's cleverest play and that it cost him the greatest effort."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "In fact one of the plays that defeated The Clouds in 423 was called Connus, written by Ameipsias, and it too lampooned Socrates."}], "text": "The Clouds is a dramatic play.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1986, Calaway dropped out of university to focus on a career in sports and briefly considered playing professional basketball in Europe, before deciding to focus on professional wrestling."}], "id": "7GDslyf0A1u32oqSrJJ8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "The Undertaker defeated Henry to become 14\u20130 at WrestleMania."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He attended Waltrip High School, where he was a member of the football and basketball teams."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He graduated in 1983 and began studying on a basketball scholarship at Angelina College in Lufkin, Texas."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "Undertaker defeated Hassan at The Great American Bash to become the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1986, Calaway dropped out of university to focus on a career in sports and briefly considered playing professional basketball in Europe, before deciding to focus on professional wrestling."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Big Evil (2001\u20132003)", "text": "Undertaker defeated Chris Benoit and Kurt Angle in a triple threat match to become the #1 contender for the renamed WWE Championship and challenged Brock Lesnar for the title at Unforgiven that ended in a double disqualification."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007\u20132010)", "text": "The Undertaker won his first Royal Rumble match, on January 28, 2007, in doing so becoming the first man to enter the Rumble at number 30 and win the match, after lastly eliminating Shawn Michaels."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Big Evil (2001\u20132003)", "text": "After the storyline with Flair, The Undertaker was drafted to the Raw brand after WWF split its roster into two brands and defeated Stone Cold Steve Austin at Backlash to become the number one contender to the Undisputed WWF Championship."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | WWF Champion (1991\u20131994)", "text": "In February 1992, The Undertaker's ally Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts tried to attack \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage's manager/wife Miss Elizabeth with a steel chair when Undertaker stopped him, becoming a fan favorite for the first time."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007\u20132010)", "text": "At No Way Out, The Undertaker defeated Batista, Finlay, The Great Khali, MVP and Big Daddy V in an Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender for Edge's World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XXIV, where he defeated Edge with the Hell's Gate submission hold, to win his second World Heavyweight Championship in his 16th WrestleMania win."}], "text": "The Undertaker did think about becoming a professional basketball player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Undertaker"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west."}], "id": "7KTY4YdR5wbnlTyCNSsM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Geography", "text": "It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 62nd largest in the world."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, rising to 83.1 million as of 2019, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the 19th most populous country in the world."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "France, Luxembourg and Belgium are situated to the west, with the Netherlands to the northwest."}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "In the spring of 1940, Germany conquered Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, forcing the French government to sign an armistice."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Germany (German: Deutschland, German pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283lant]), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, listen), is a country in Central and Western Europe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With 83 million inhabitants of its 16 constituent states, it is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure", "text": "With its central position in Europe, Germany is a transport hub for the continent."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Tourism", "text": "Germany is the ninth most visited country in the world as of 2017, with 37.4 million visits."}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, beginning World War II in Europe; Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September."}], "text": "The country of Germany in Europe is next to Belgium.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Germany"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "By 1989, Ben-Hur had earned $90 million in worldwide theatrical rentals."}], "id": "7NHJ6qf8mIWufAQUImnP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Outside of North America, it earned $32.5 million in rentals (about $72.2 million at the box office) for a worldwide total of $66.1 million in rental earnings, roughly equivalent to $146.9 million in box office receipts."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "By 1989, Ben-Hur had earned $90 million in worldwide theatrical rentals."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "During its initial release the film earned $33.6 million in North American theater rentals (the distributor's share of the box office), generating approximately $74.7 million in box office sales."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "It was number one at the monthly US box office for six months."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Preparation", "text": "Principal cast members, stand-ins, and stunt people made 100 practice laps of the arena in preparation for shooting."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Ben-Hur saved MGM from financial disaster, making a profit of $20,409,000 on its initial release, and another $10.1 million in profits when re-released in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "The chariot scene took five weeks (spread over three months) to film at a total cost of $1 million and required more than 200 miles (320 km) of racing to complete."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Although the budget for Ben-Hur was initially $7 million, it was reported to be $10 million by February 1958, reaching $15.175 million by the time shooting began\u2014making it the costliest film ever produced up to that time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "More than a million props were ultimately manufactured."}, {"section_header": "Release | Broadcast", "text": "It was watched by 85.82 million people for a 37.1 average rating."}], "text": "Ben-Hur (1959 film) earned over $90 million in worldwide theatrical rentals, with over $32.5 million in rentals earned in North America (about $72.2 million at the box office) for a worldwide total of $66.1 million in rental earnings, roughly equivalent to $146.9 million in box office receipts..", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming | United Kingdom", "text": "Filming in the United Kingdom began at the Langley Business Centre in Slough, England."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "It was shot in England, and at Kualoa Ranch in Oahu, Hawaii."}], "id": "7W85LiT9FanK8i1ljuCe", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | United Kingdom", "text": "Filming in the United Kingdom began at the Langley Business Centre in Slough, England."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "'\"The character of Lowery, a park control-room employee from the previous Jurassic World film, was considered for a return in Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "It was shot in England, and at Kualoa Ranch in Oahu, Hawaii."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film better than the first Jurassic World but wrote \"... [Fallen Kingdom] ends up being just a so-so ride."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "The Main Street section of the Jurassic World theme park was rebuilt on Police Beach in Hawaii for a scene where Owen and Claire return to the island."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "After filming concluded in England, production moved to Hawaii, which was used as a primary filming location."}], "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom was filmed in England and Hawaii.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He proceeded to take over Sicily from Carthage but was soon driven out, and lost all his gains in Italy after the Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC."}], "id": "7WLd0Y0U8vTomoFz7lz2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Aeacides took advantage of the situation and returned to Epirus."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "Pyrrhus made the most of the situation and advised the Athenians never to let a king enter their city again."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "The Carthaginians took heart from this and sent another army against him."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Pyrrhus made his decision and departed from Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "In spite of this victory, Sicily continued to grow increasingly hostile to Pyrrhus, who began to consider abandoning Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He proceeded to take over Sicily from Carthage but was soon driven out, and lost all his gains in Italy after the Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Pyrrhus decided that Sicily offered him a greater opportunity, and sailed his army there."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "In 277 BC, Pyrrhus captured Eryx, the strongest Carthaginian fortress in Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "and he had to flee. Lysimachus was soon joined by Pyrrhus and they decided to share rulership over Macedonia."}], "text": "Pyrrhus of Epirus never took over Sicily.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}], "id": "7WmfW9XE9QmPQ2xK0h5J", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way\u2014Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way\u2014Cities of the Plain; The Captive\u2014The Fugitive\u2014Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Both from Italian director Fabio Carpi."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol."}, {"section_header": "Initial publication", "text": "This is the first of Proust's books published posthumously."}], "text": "Remembrance of Things Past was first published in Italian.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Remembrance of Things Past"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Taney Court | Death", "text": "President Lincoln made no public statement in response to Taney's death."}], "id": "7dK8GoFpywtbDdzIwDDH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott", "text": "In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Several places and things have been named for Taney, including Taney County, Missouri, the USCGC Taney (WPG-37) (although the ship was later renamed during Taney's de-memorialization), and the Liberty ship SS Roger B. Taney."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Death", "text": "President Lincoln made no public statement in response to Taney's death."}, {"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "As Roger Taney's older brother, Michael Taney VI, was expected to inherit the family's plantation, Taney's father encouraged him to study law."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | American Civil War", "text": "Taney held that only Congress had the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, and he ordered the release of Merryman."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | American Civil War", "text": "Lincoln ignored Taney's order and argued that the Constitution did in fact give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | 1836\u20131844", "text": "Taney's majority opinion held that out-of-state corporations could do business in Alabama (or any other state) so long as the state legislature did not pass a law explicitly prohibiting such operations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Dred Scott ruling is widely considered to be one of the worst Supreme Court decisions ever made, though some scholars hold other aspects of Taney's tenure in high regard."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | American Civil War", "text": "Running on an anti-slavery platform, Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, defeating Taney's preferred candidate, John C. Breckinridge."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | 1845\u20131856", "text": "This case regarded a collision that occurred on Lake Ontario in 1847."}], "text": "Lincoln released a heart felt remark regarding Roger B. Taney's passing.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Roger B. Taney"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}], "id": "7essA1HDumBAGniLZe8C", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that First Impressions was an epistolary novel."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "Austen began writing the novel after staying at Goodnestone Park in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "In the years between the completion of First Impressions and its revision into Pride and Prejudice, two other works had been published under that name: a novel by Margaret Holford and a comedy by Horace Smith."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in mind the \"sufferings and oppositions\" summarised in the final chapter of Fanny Burney's Cecilia, called \"Pride and Prejudice\", where the phrase appears three times in block capitals."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "The militia were mobilised after the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, and there was initially a lack of barracks for all the militia regiments, requiring the militia to set up huge camps in the countryside, which the novel refers to several times."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795.Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for First Impressions between 1811 and 1812."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The novel was originally published anonymously, as were all of Austen's novels."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The novel was also included in Richard Bentley's Standard Novel series in 1833."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "He is often described as 'indolent' in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "He is about 30 years old at the beginning of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}], "text": "There is no movie adapation of the novel.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages."}], "id": "7kR0jywuzb8vY2Mdou0y", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical adaptations | Other adaptations", "text": "Damn Yankees was a 1950s musical inspired by the legend."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Murnau's Faust", "text": "Many of these shots are impressive today."}, {"section_header": "Musical adaptations | Symphonic", "text": "Faust was the title and inspiration of Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps' 2006 show."}, {"section_header": "Musical adaptations | Symphonic", "text": "Hector Berlioz's La Damnation de Faust (1846) Faust has inspired major musical works in other forms:   Faust Overture by Richard Wagner"}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Goethe's Faust complicates the simple Christian moral of the original legend."}, {"section_header": "Television adaptations | Chespirito's Faust", "text": "Mexican comedian Chespirito acted as Faust in a sketch adaptation of the legend."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "The composition and refinement of Goethe's own version of the legend occupied him, off and on, for over sixty years."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | American Satan", "text": "A rock and roll modern retelling of the Faust legend starring Andy Biersack as Johnny Faust."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Another important version of the legend is the play Faust, written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe."}], "text": "The Faust legend has inspired many masterpieces.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}], "id": "7kz8y0wjq3CK00qjplRG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is the third novel by George Eliot, published in 1861."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Marner travels south to the Midlands and settles near the rural village of Raveloe in Warwickshire where he lives isolated and alone, choosing to have only minimal contact with the residents beyond his work as a linen weaver."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Silas Marner: lower class by birth, a weaver who is betrayed at Lantern Yard (site of a dissenting sect) by his treacherous friend William Dane, moves away to Raveloe (where the community is Church of England), becomes taken for a miser, as he accumulates a small fortune, only to have it stolen by Dunstan Cass."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Steve Martin wrote, produced, and starred in a 1994 film adaptation of the novel, titled A Simple Twist of Fate."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The composer John Joubert wrote an opera Silas Marner based on the novel in 1961."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 1954 Indian film Bangaru Papa, in Telugu, starring S. V. Ranga Rao and Krishna Kumari, is also based on Palagummi Padmaraju's loose adaptation of Silas Marner."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Mr Crackenthorpe, rector of Raveloe and a Justice of the Peace. Bob Lundy, the butcher of Raveloe. John Dowlas, the farrier of Raveloe. Jem Rodney, a local poacher, initially suspected by Silas of stealing his money."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Bruce K Martin has discussed Eliot's use of Godfrey Cass as \"both parallel and foil\" to Silas Marner in the structure of the novel."}], "text": "The 1861 novel Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe has spawned five films.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Silas Marner"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "He is descended from a French Huguenot immigrant (Pierre Dieppe, who settled in Virginia around 1700) and from colonial freedom fighter Elizabeth Key Grinstead (1630\u20131665), daughter of an English planter and his African slave."}], "id": "7lDUqE6msZOvyIp2ovSl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career", "text": "was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Critical response to his claims from the Native community increased after this, including satirical portrayals of Depp by Native comedians."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "During their marriage, she worked as a makeup artist while he worked a variety of odd jobs, including as a telemarketer for a pen company."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp's parents divorced in 1978 when he was 15."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "\" Depp's claims came under scrutiny when Indian Country Today stated that Depp had never inquired about his heritage nor was he recognized as a member of the Cherokee Nation."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp's choice to portray Tonto, a Native American character, in The Lone Ranger was criticized, along with his choice to name his rock band \"Tonto's Giant Nuts\"."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Producer Scott Rudin has stated that \"basically Johnny Depp is playing Tim Burton in all his movies\"; although Burton disapproved of the comment, Depp agrees with it."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp and Allison divorced in 1985.Depp is primarily of English descent, with some French, German, and Irish ancestry."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "In interviews in 2002 and 2011, Depp claimed to have Native American ancestry, stating, \"I guess I have some Native American somewhere down the line."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "This led to criticism from the Native American community, as Depp has no documented Native ancestry, and Native community leaders refer to him as \"a non-Indian\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "He is descended from a French Huguenot immigrant (Pierre Dieppe, who settled in Virginia around 1700) and from colonial freedom fighter Elizabeth Key Grinstead (1630\u20131665), daughter of an English planter and his African slave."}], "text": "Johnny Depp's ancestry includes African-American.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical style and influences", "text": "Maroon 5's musical style has generally been regarded as pop, pop rock, funk rock, dance-pop, blue-eyed soul, neo soul, R&B, and soft rock."}], "id": "7uJM8OwMVlKuK0yYmLaf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical style and influences", "text": "We're a band that does their own thing."}, {"section_header": "History | 2007\u20132008: It Won't Be Soon Before Long", "text": "After recording for eight months, Maroon 5's second album"}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "Maroon 5 was a last hour addition, chosen to fill the vacant spot left by Jay-Z after he cancelled his appearance for personal reasons."}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "The album received mixed reviews from music critics, though many of them praised it for its production."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "All of the innovation and the incredible things happening in music are in hip-hop\"."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In 2011, he made a video on Maroon 5's official YouTube account in support of the It Gets Better Project."}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "Maroon 5's third studio album was recorded in mid 2009 in Switzerland, where the band was joined by record producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange."}, {"section_header": "Musical style and influences", "text": "Maroon 5's musical style has generally been regarded as pop, pop rock, funk rock, dance-pop, blue-eyed soul, neo soul, R&B, and soft rock."}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "It was also included on the soundtrack to the 2010 film Valentine's Day."}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "In February 2011, Maroon 5 headlined the Super Bowl XLV pre-show with special guest Keith Urban, where the band performing their songs including \"Misery\" and \"Never Gonna Leave This Bed\"."}], "text": "Maroon 5's genre has been identified as many things, including with a particular ocular hue, for some reason.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "Although the disciplinary or moral reformatory decrees were never published by the throne, they received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops."}, {"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "In France they were officially recognised by the king only in their doctrinal parts."}], "id": "7yZZpfSGq2S52XZ6lprr", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Decrees", "text": "The catechism embodied the council's far-reaching results, including reforms and definitions of the sacraments, the Scriptures, church dogma, and duties of the clergy."}, {"section_header": "Decrees", "text": "Short and rather inexplicit passages concerning religious images, were to have great impact on the development of Catholic Church art."}, {"section_header": "Background information | A general, free council in Germany", "text": "This proposal met the opposition of the Pope for it gave recognition to Protestants and also elevated the secular Princes of Europe above the clergy on church matters."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The last minute inclusion of a decree on sacred images was a French initiative, and the text, never discussed on the floor of the council or referred to council theologians, was based on a French draft."}, {"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "Although the disciplinary or moral reformatory decrees were never published by the throne, they received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The first outbreak of the French Wars of Religion had occurred earlier in the year and the French Church, facing a significant and powerful Protestant minority in France, experienced iconoclasm violence regarding the use of sacred images."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Unity failed between Catholic and Protestant representatives \"because of different concepts of Church and justification\"."}, {"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "1590 and then 1592).The decrees of the council were acknowledged in Italy, Portugal, Poland and by the Catholic princes of Germany at the Diet of Augsburg in 1566."}, {"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "This petition was complied with by Pope Pius IV, on 26 January 1564, in the papal bull, Benedictus Deus, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorised interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with \"the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul.\" Pope Pius appointed a commission of cardinals to assist him in interpreting and enforcing the decrees."}, {"section_header": "Decrees | Ratification and promulgation", "text": "In France they were officially recognised by the king only in their doctrinal parts."}], "text": "The decrees of the Council of Trent saw enforcement by French clergy from the Catholic Church.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Council of Trent"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, Pride and Prejudice came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written."}], "id": "7yxbJ6gIJHzcQAH402hn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, Pride and Prejudice came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "However, whereas her first published novel, Sense and Sensibility was presented as being written \"by a Lady,\" Pride and Prejudice was attributed to \"the Author of Sense and Sensibility\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has consistently appeared near the top of lists of \"most-loved books\" among literary scholars and the reading public."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "A Continuation of Miss Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice  by Helen Baker Searching for Pemberley by Mary Simonsen"}, {"section_header": "Reception | At first publication", "text": "Noted critic and reviewer George Henry Lewes declared that he \"would rather have written Pride and Prejudice, or Tom Jones, than any of the Waverley Novels\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Walter Scott wrote in his journal \"Read again and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice..\" The American scholar Claudia Johnson defended the novel from the criticism that it has an unrealistic fairy-tale quality."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued and An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later by Emma Tennant"}, {"section_header": "Major themes", "text": "\" The phrase \"pride and prejudice\" had been used over the preceding two centuries by Joseph Hall, Jeremy Taylor, Joseph Addison and Samuel Johnson."}], "text": "Pride and Prejudice was written over three centuries ago by Jane Austin and continues to be known as one of the top books ever written.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997)."}], "id": "805nO3TXtBJbHDZTijRN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "Nagato stood out as a villain due to suffering war and killing Naruto's mentor Jiraiya."}, {"section_header": "Production | Setting", "text": "The idea of the setting came to him \"pretty spontaneously without much thought\", but admits that the scenery became based on his home in the Japanese prefecture of Okayama prefecture."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "he's telling\". The anime and manga magazine Neo described Naruto's character as \"irksome\", but considered that the series' \"almost sickening addictiveness\" was due to the quality of the characterization, and in Briana Lawrence's opinion the growth of the characters gave Part II an adult feel."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Fujimoto points out that this does not upset Sakura, who is now surpassed by Naruto."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "The fights across the Part II received praise, most notably Naruto's and Sasuke's, resulting in major changes into their character arcs."}, {"section_header": "Commercial performance", "text": "Responding to Naruto's success, Kishimoto said in Naruto Collector Winter 2007/2008"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story of Naruto continues with Naruto's son, Boruto Uzumaki, in Boruto: Naruto"}, {"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "but decided to leave Naruto's maturation through romance as an idea for the film 2014"}, {"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "Kishimoto chose Hinata Hyuga as Naruto's romantic partner from the early stages of the manga, since Hinata had always respected and admired Naruto even before the series' beginning, and Kishimoto felt this meant the two of them could build a relationship."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "G\u014d It\u014d, a professor in the manga department of Tokyo Polytechnic University, compared the series' development to the manga of Dragon Ball, saying that both manga present good illustrations of three-dimensional body movements that capture the characters' martial arts very well."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997)."}], "text": "Naruto's manga came out in the 90s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was later diagnosed with carcinomatosis, cancer that had spread throughout his body."}], "id": "80z5IhMAfcrFgDLlmMuA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Robert had at least four children from a prior marriage to a woman named Sarah, who died of tuberculosis in 1859."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents were Robert and Christina Nichols."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols also had a major league record"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Nichols was born on September 14, 1869 in Madison, Wisconsin."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The family moved from Madison to Kansas City, Missouri when Nichols was a child."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While his siblings worked in the family butcher shop, Nichols pursued baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "An accomplished bowler, Nichols also opened bowling alleys in the Kansas City area."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols signed with the Boston Beaneaters in September 1889 and entered the major leagues in with them in 1890."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After the 1901 season, Nichols purchased an interest in a minor league franchise in Kansas City."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols retired with 362 wins, 208 losses, 1,881 strikeouts and a 2.96 ERA."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was later diagnosed with carcinomatosis, cancer that had spread throughout his body."}], "text": "Nichols died of a heart attack.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kid Nichols"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}], "id": "81j7veJfdg8hzSVS1RzW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twenty Years After (French: Vingt ans apr\u00e8s) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, first serialized from January to August 1845."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "Having determined that d'Artagnan is the man he seeks, Mazarin enters the chambers of the Queen to let her know that he has enlisted the man who had served her so well twenty years earlier."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "Milady's son, Mordaunt, now twenty-three, reprises his role as one of the chief antagonists, and sets about avenging his mother's death."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "It was fate.\" Once back in France, the four friends go separate ways."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "The Frenchmen and their servants leave England by ship, but Mordaunt gets aboard and blows it up."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A book of The d'Artagnan Romances, it is a sequel to The Three Musketeers (1844) and precedes the 1847\u20131850 novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne (which includes the sub-plot Man in the Iron Mask)."}, {"section_header": "Other adaptations", "text": "Fantasy novelist Steven Brust's Khaavren Romances books have all used Dumas novels (particularly the d'Artagnan Romances) as their chief inspiration, recasting the plots of those novels to fit within Brust's established world of Dragaera."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "At the same time, Queen Henrietta of England meets the Musketeers' old English friend, Lord de Winter - a Royalist come to ask for French assistance for King Charles I of England, her husband, in the English Civil War and sends Athos and Aramis to England as well."}], "text": "The book Twenty Years After discusses a number of events in France and England.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Twenty Years After"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "id": "8EwCUeDO3fpXEkI1JLrc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The novel was first published together with Anne Bront\u00eb's Agnes Grey in a three-volume format: Wuthering Heights occupied the first two volumes, while Agnes Grey made up the third."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2]."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "The description of her life is confined almost entirely to the first volume."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "In contrast, his wife mistrusts Heathcliff from their first encounter."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "Our first encounter with Heathcliff shows him to be a nasty bully."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "He and Catherine grow close, and their love is the central theme of the first volume."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1970 film with Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels."}], "text": "It was first published in 1855.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "A U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction."}], "id": "8JUxdWoWPeXr2OnVm9eW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "They stated that it would be stable for at least 200 years."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "A U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on 14 August of the same year during a period of military success and prosperity."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen."}], "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa  was a target for a United States military strike.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The Olmec heartland is the area in the Gulf lowlands where it expanded after early development in Soconusco, Veracruz."}], "id": "8JjePPwsr38JVqj4HcrQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has been speculated that the Olmecs derived in part from the neighboring Mokaya or Mixe\u2013Zoque cultures."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Rubber was an important part of the ancient Mesoamerican ballgame."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Origins", "text": "Olmec-style artifacts tend to appear earlier in some parts of Guerrero than in the Veracruz-Tabasco area."}, {"section_header": "Alternative origin speculations", "text": "That is, the origin of the Olmecs is not in Africa but in America, since they share the most abundant of the five mitochondrial haplogroups characteristic of the indigenous populations of our continent: A, B, C, D and X.\u201d[1]"}, {"section_header": "Village life and diet", "text": "These villages were located on higher ground and consisted of several scattered houses."}, {"section_header": "Village life and diet", "text": "Fields were located outside the village, and were used for maize, beans, squash, cassava, and sweet potato."}, {"section_header": "Art | Colossal heads", "text": "Some of the heads, and many other monuments, have been variously mutilated, buried and disinterred, reset in new locations and/or reburied."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Origins", "text": "Many of these luxury artifacts were made from materials such as jade, obsidian, and magnetite, which came from distant locations and suggest that early Olmec elites had access to an extensive trading network in Mesoamerica."}, {"section_header": "Beyond the heartland | Central Mexico", "text": "Located about 25 miles (40 kilometers) south of Mexico City, Zazacatla covered about one square mile (2.6 km2) between 800 and 500 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Beyond the heartland | Nature of interaction", "text": "Many theories have been advanced to account for the occurrence of Olmec influence far outside the heartland, including long-range trade by Olmec merchants, Olmec colonization of other regions, Olmec artisans travelling to other cities, conscious imitation of Olmec artistic styles by developing towns \u2013 some even suggest the prospect of Olmec military domination or that the Olmec iconography was actually developed outside the heartland."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The Olmec heartland is the area in the Gulf lowlands where it expanded after early development in Soconusco, Veracruz."}], "text": "The Olmecs were located in the Northern part of America.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As guerrillas without uniforms, the Boer fighters easily blended into the farmlands, which provided hiding places, supplies, and horses."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms."}], "id": "8JwNsOxxdQsq272c4xzT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Imperial involvement | Australia", "text": "A few Australians fought on the Boer side."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Boers retreat", "text": "This offered only temporary sanctuary, as the mountain passes leading to it could be occupied by the British, trapping the Boers."}, {"section_header": "Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 \u2013 May 1902) | Boer foreign volunteers", "text": "Finns fought in the Scandinavian Corps."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | First British relief attempts", "text": "A British soldier said of the defeat"}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | Australia", "text": "The Boer War was thus the first war in which the Commonwealth of Australia fought."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | Boers besiege Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberley", "text": "The quick Boer mobilisation resulted in early military successes against scattered British forces."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "This was quickly suppressed, and in 1916 the leading Boer rebels in the Maritz Rebellion escaped lightly (especially compared with the fate of leading Irish rebels of the Easter Rising), with terms of imprisonment of six and seven years and heavy fines."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Roberts relieve the sieges", "text": "After a succession of defeats, the Boers realised that against such overwhelming numbers of troops, they had little chance of defeating the British and so became demoralised."}, {"section_header": "Notable people involved in the Boer War", "text": "I poem In Flanders Fields , McCrae started his active military service in the Boer War as an artillery officer."}, {"section_header": "Background | Escalation and war", "text": "In 1897, a military pact was concluded between the two republics."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As guerrillas without uniforms, the Boer fighters easily blended into the farmlands, which provided hiding places, supplies, and horses."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms."}], "text": "That the Boers fought in brightly colored outfits lead to their military defeat.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "The title of the song \"Watcher of the Skies\" by rock band Genesis was inspired by the poem."}], "id": "8NXTBPFqIOSYxow6rRST", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer is a sonnet written by the English Romantic poet John Keats (1795\u20131821) in October 1816."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "New Zealand artist Michael Parekowhai created a monumental artwork entitled \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" for the Venice Biennale 2011."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "his ball just rise and rise and rise \u2014 Silent, above a park in Washington.\" The title of Patrick Kavanagh's poem \u201cOn Looking into E. V. Rieu's Homer\u201d, about E. V. Rieu's Homer translations, is an allusion on the title of Keats' poem."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "The title of the song \"Watcher of the Skies\" by rock band Genesis was inspired by the poem."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Historian of science Edward B. (Ted) Davis published a pastiche, \"On First, Looking into Chapman's Homer\", about a long home run by Mickey Mantle, in Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 29(1), Fall 2011"}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "The second quatrain introduces \"one wide expanse\" that was ruled by Homer, but which was \"heard of\" rather than known to Keats at first-hand, for Homer wrote in Greek, and Keats, like most cultured Englishmen of his time, was at ease only in Latin."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Of the many islands of the Aegean, the one which bards most in fealty owe to Apollo, leader of the inspiring Muses, is Delos, the sacred island that was Apollo's birthplace."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "The Inimitable Jeeves, Bertie Wooster states that his cousins \"looked at each other, like those chappies in the poem, with a wild surmise.\" The first chapter of Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons is titled \"A Peak in Darien\" and is headed with the last four lines of the sonnet."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "While the octave offers the poet as a literary explorer, the volta brings in the discovery of Chapman's Homer"}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Gilbert Adair wrote a long article entitled \"On First Looking into Chaplin's Humour\"."}], "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer did inspire the title of a music.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 \u2013 March 12, 1955), also referred to by his nicknames Yardbird or simply Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."}], "id": "8Oi6WzeExD9IjrQjBKex", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "This period is virtually undocumented, due to the strike of 1942\u20131943 by the American Federation of Musicians, during which time few professional recordings were made."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "Streets was given the honorary designation \"Charlie Parker Place\" in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "became the album Charlie Parker with Strings: \" Just Friends\" , \"Everything Happens to Me\", \"April in Paris\", \"Summertime\","}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "Parker's performances of \"I Remember You\" (recorded for Clef Records in 1953, with the Charlie Parker Quartet, comprising Parker on alto sax, Al Haig on piano, Percy Heath on bass, and Max Roach on drums) and \"Parker's Mood\" (recorded for the Savoy label in 1948, with the Charlie Parker All Stars, comprising Parker on alto sax, Miles Davis on trumpet, John Lewis on piano, Curley Russell on bass, and Max Roach on drums) were selected by literary critic Harold Bloom for inclusion on his shortlist of the \"twentieth-century American Sublime\", the greatest works of American art produced in the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "\"Addie\" Bailey, who was of mixed Choctaw and African American background."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "It is held for 10 days and celebrates all aspects of Parker, from live jazz music and bootcamps, to tours of his haunts in the city, to exhibits at the American Jazz Museum."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "Along the way, the caravan of musicians had a car accident and Parker broke three ribs and fractured his spine."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognitions", "text": "Charlie Parker\". Grammy Award"}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "I Remember Charlie Parker in Parker's honor."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 \u2013 March 12, 1955), also referred to by his nicknames Yardbird or simply Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."}], "text": "Charlie Parker is an American musician.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381."}], "id": "8QlVypWMXx0cxNf9uKQz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The revolt heavily influenced the course of the Hundred Years' War, by deterring later Parliaments from raising additional taxes to pay for military campaigns in France."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "Another factor in the revolt of 1381 was the conduct of the war with France."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "In 1337 Edward III of England had pressed his claims to the French throne, beginning a long-running conflict that became known as the Hundred Years' War."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "To complicate matters, the official statistics used to administer the taxes pre-dated the Black Death and, since the size and wealth of local communities had changed greatly since the plague, effective collection had become increasingly difficult."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "The extraordinary powers and interference of these teams of investigators in local communities, primarily in the south-east and east of England, raised still further the tensions surrounding the taxes."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Protest and authority", "text": "An uprising occurred in York, during which John de Gisborne, the city's mayor, was removed from office, and fresh tax riots followed in early 1381."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Protest and authority", "text": "As a result, in 1381 the ruling classes in London were unstable and divided."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "Charles V of France became more active in the conflict after 1369, taking advantage of his country's greater economic strength to commence cross-Channel raids on England."}], "text": "The Peasants' Revolt was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381 influenced by various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Peasants' Revolt"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard II (6 January 1367 \u2013 c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399."}], "id": "8Xblx1oYZsjHievXYiwU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Downfall", "text": "On 1 October 1399, Richard II was formally deposed."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "The popular view of Richard has more than anything been influenced by Shakespeare's play about the king, Richard II."}, {"section_header": "Second crisis of 1397\u201399", "text": "The period that historians refer to as the \"tyranny\" of Richard II began towards the end of the 1390s."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "One of the first modern historians to deal with Richard II as a king and as a person was Bishop Stubbs."}, {"section_header": "Downfall", "text": "According to the official record, read by the Archbishop of Canterbury during an assembly of lords and commons at Westminster Hall on Tuesday 30 September, Richard gave up his crown willingly and ratified his deposition citing as a reason his own unworthiness as a monarch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard II (6 January 1367 \u2013 c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard's posthumous reputation has been shaped to a large extent by William Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition as responsible for the 15th-century Wars of the Roses."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "Nigel Saul, who wrote the most recent academic biography on Richard II, concedes that \u2013 even though there is no basis for assuming the king had a mental illness \u2013 he showed clear signs of a narcissistic personality, and towards the end of his reign \"Richard's grasp on reality was becoming weaker\"."}, {"section_header": "Downfall", "text": "When parliament met to discuss Richard's fate, John Trevor II, Bishop of St Asaph, read thirty-three articles of deposition that were unanimously accepted by lords and commons."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "The idea that Richard was to blame for"}], "text": "Richard II was a Spanish Monarch.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Richard II"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}], "id": "8bF5fiCnxBLNJ4swG5HE", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}], "text": "A Bell for Adano is about a military man trying to restore an artifact that was destroyed by Nazis or Nazi adjacent Italian soldiers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "At the start of the novel, William betrays Silas by framing him for theft and marrying Silas' fianc\u00e9e Sarah."}], "id": "8gyh80eiStgoXtyzGEnp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Mr Macey: the clerk at the local church, a tailor, very elderly by the end of the novel. Solomon Macey, Mr Macey's brother, a talented violinist."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is the third novel by George Eliot, published in 1861."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The composer John Joubert wrote an opera Silas Marner based on the novel in 1961."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Bruce K Martin has discussed Eliot's use of Godfrey Cass as \"both parallel and foil\" to Silas Marner in the structure of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Silas Marner: lower class by birth, a weaver who is betrayed at Lantern Yard (site of a dissenting sect) by his treacherous friend William Dane, moves away to Raveloe (where the community is Church of England), becomes taken for a miser, as he accumulates a small fortune, only to have it stolen by Dunstan Cass."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Edison Company, USA; 24 October 1913) with William Langdon West in the title role. Silas Marner ("}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "At the start of the novel, William betrays Silas by framing him for theft and marrying Silas' fianc\u00e9e Sarah."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Le No\u00ebl de Silas Marner (Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, France; November 1912) (UK; 27 November 1912; as Silas Marner's Christmas)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}], "text": "Silas Marner was a novel about a thief in a church.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Silas Marner"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting in the US."}], "id": "8t0xZtkStR3Kr8a1JJIH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen, the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the same role in The Audience, and has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie four times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting in the US."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | Broadway debut", "text": "\u201a Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play\u201a for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in The Audience which also won her the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress and made her one of the few actors to achieve the \u201cTriple Crown of Acting\u201d in the US, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including Ingrid Bergman\u201a Dame Maggie Smith, and Al Pacino."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one Academy Award, four BAFTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards, and one Tony Award."}, {"section_header": "Film | 2010\u20132014", "text": "Spector received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star Al Pacino's performances, and was nominated for eleven Primetime Emmy Awards, also winning Mirren a Screen Actors Guild Award at the 20th awards ceremony."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For her role as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series Prime Suspect, which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994, and two Primetime Emmy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "In January 2009, Mirren was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British Actresses of all time."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "Mirren's title role of The Queen earned her numerous acting awards including a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, and an Academy Award, among many others."}, {"section_header": "Television", "text": "Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in Prime Suspect: The Final Act on PBS in the same category as in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dame Helen Lydia Mirren,  (n\u00e9e Mironoff (ru \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 - Elena Lydia Vasilievna Mironova) ; born 26 July 1945) is an English actor."}], "text": "Helen Mirren is an English actor, and is one of the many performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting in the US along with the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie four times.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Illustrated scroll", "text": "This scroll is the earliest extant example of a Japanese \"picture scroll\": collected illustrations and calligraphy of a single work."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}], "id": "8wony4KiXTEzR37I8oTa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even down to our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it.\" The Genji is also often referred to as \"the first novel\", though there is considerable debate over this\u2014some of the debate involving whether Genji can even be considered a \"novel\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the \"world's first full-length novel\", even though its author is unknown."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "However, critics have almost consistently described The Tale of Genji as the oldest, first, and/or greatest novel in Japanese literature, though enthusiastic proponents may have later neglected the qualifying category of in Japanese literature, leading to the debates over the book's place in world literature."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The manuscript is the 5th chapter, \"Wakamurasaki\" (\u82e5\u7d2b), and is the oldest version of the chapter."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Related claims, perhaps in an attempt to sidestep these debates, are that Genji is the \"first psychological novel\" or \"historical novel\","}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "It is the 32nd chapter, Umegae, and is recognized as the oldest extant copy of this chapter dating between 1240\u201380."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Since a 1 November 1008 entry in The Diary of Lady Murasaki is the oldest date on which a reference to The Tale of Genji has appeared, November 1 was designated as the official day to celebrate Japanese classics."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "The Bank of Japan issued the 2000 Yen banknote in her honor, featuring a scene from the novel based on the 12th-century illustrated handscroll."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"the first novel still considered to be a classic\" or other more qualified terms."}, {"section_header": "Illustrated scroll", "text": "This scroll is the earliest extant example of a Japanese \"picture scroll\": collected illustrations and calligraphy of a single work."}], "text": "The tale of Genji, even if not the oldest novel, is definitely the oldest illustrated novel.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages."}], "id": "8yrD5Hl0vK9ILLmSmGoU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Lexicon", "text": "Macmillan responded that it would cost a great deal more to do, and this may have dissuaded him."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Full translations of \"Jabberwocky\" into French and German can be found in The Annotated Alice along with a discussion of why some translation decisions were made."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "In 1967, D.G. Orlovskaya wrote a popular Russian translation of  \"Jabberwocky\" entitled \"Barmaglot\" (\"\u0411\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\")."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Douglas Hofstadter noted in his essay \"Translations of Jabberwocky\", the word 'slithy', for example, echoes the English 'slimy', 'slither', 'slippery', 'lithe' and 'sly'."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "\" .Hofstadter also notes that it makes a great difference whether the poem is translated in isolation or as part of a translation of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Translators have generally dealt with them by creating equivalent words of their own."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The word \"jabberwocky\" itself has come to refer to nonsense language."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "There is also an Arabic translation by Wael Al-Mahdi, and at least two into Croatian language."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Often these are similar in spelling or sound to Carroll's while respecting the morphology of the language they are being translated into."}], "text": "There have been more than 50 translations of the Jabberwocky.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Jabberwocky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the Odyssey, also attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}], "id": "91LGQC8iaNBRbV08bhTG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thetis does so, and Zeus agrees. (2) Zeus sends a dream to Agamemnon, urging him to attack Troy."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Trojans", "text": "Sarpedon, son of Zeus \u2013 killed by Patroclus."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Fate", "text": "About his dilemma, Hera asks Zeus:  Majesty, son of Kronos, what sort of thing have you spoken?"}, {"section_header": "Themes | Fate", "text": "In deciding between losing a son or abiding fate, Zeus, King of the Gods, allows it."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Fate", "text": "How fate is set is unknown, but it is told by the Fates and by Zeus through sending omens to seers such as Calchas."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Fate", "text": "Zeus took the Air and the Sky, Poseidon the Waters, and Hades the Underworld, the land of the dead\u2014yet they share dominion of the Earth."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Fate", "text": "Fate implies the primeval, tripartite division of the world that Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades effected in deposing their father, Cronus, for its dominion."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Achilles drives his chariot into battle. (20) Zeus lifts the ban on the gods' interference, and the gods freely help both sides."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Menis", "text": "Now I shall go, to overtake that killer of a dear life, Hektor; then I will accept my own death, at whatever time Zeus wishes to bring it about, and the other immortals."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Achilles asks his mother to ask Zeus to bring the Greeks to the breaking point by the Trojans, so Agamemnon will realize how much the Greeks need Achilles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the Odyssey, also attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}], "text": "Iliad is dedicated to Zeus.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Roy Hobbs \u2013 \u201cThe Natural\u201d \u2013 A former teenage pitching phenomenon whose career was sidelined and dreams were derailed when he was seriously injured after a meeting with a mysterious woman who shoots him as he travels to Chicago to try out for a Major League baseball team."}], "id": "94eCMDz3oWxER54CWHTB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Once Roy gets his first chance at bat, however, he proves to be a true \"natural\" at the game."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one game, Pop substitutes Hobbs as a pinch hitter for team star Bump Baily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "With the Knights one game away from winning the National League pennant, Roy attends a party hosted by Memo where he collapses and awakens in the hospital."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one losing game, Roy Hobbs emerges from the clubhouse tunnel and announces that he is the team's new left fielder, having just been signed by Knights co-owner Judge Banner."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Roy Hobbs \u2013 \u201cThe Natural\u201d \u2013 A former teenage pitching phenomenon whose career was sidelined and dreams were derailed when he was seriously injured after a meeting with a mysterious woman who shoots him as he travels to Chicago to try out for a Major League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "The story revolves around Hobbs's quest to make a comeback years after the tragedy and, hopefully, finally to take his rightful place on the field and be remembered as one of the greatest ballplayers of all time."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Nineteen-year-old Roy Hobbs is traveling by train to Chicago with his manager Sam  to try out for the Chicago Cubs."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Other passengers include sportswriter Max Mercy, Walter \"The Whammer\" Whambold, the leading hitter in the American League and three-time American League Most Valuable Player (based on Babe Ruth), and Harriet Bird, a beautiful but mysterious woman."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The train makes a quick stop at a carnival along the rail where The Whammer challenges Hobbs to strike him out."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hobbs does just that, much to everyone's surprise and The Whammer's humiliation."}], "text": "The Natural's plot is about a teenager getting stabbed on his way to a tryout.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Natural"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "In addition to his pitching ability, Fingers was noted for his waxed handlebar moustache, which he originally grew to get a $300 bonus from Athletics owner Charles O. Finley."}], "id": "951bOX0zCvEeInAbIHSx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "In protest\u2014and believing the Athletics' management would want Jackson to shave\u2014Fingers and a few other players started going without shaving to force Jackson to shave off his beard."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "In addition to his pitching ability, Fingers was noted for his waxed handlebar moustache, which he originally grew to get a $300 bonus from Athletics owner Charles O. Finley."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Although most former Athletics players shaved off their handlebar moustaches after the team traded most of their players in 1975\u201376, Fingers maintained his after signing with the San Diego Padres as a free agent in 1977, and he still has the mustache today."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "On the first day of spring training for the 1972 season, Reggie Jackson showed up with a beard."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers's reply to Reds general manager Bill Bergesch was: \"Well, you tell Marge Schott to shave her Saint Bernard, and I'll shave my moustache\"."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Taking it even further, Finley came up with \"Moustache Day\" at the ballpark, where any fan with a moustache could get in free."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Fingers later said, \"Most of us would have grown one anywhere on our bodies for $300.\" The players became known as the \"Moustache Gang."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Fingers went all out for the monetary incentive offered by Finley and patterned his moustache after the images of the players of the late 19th century."}, {"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Baseball-Reference.com ranks Fingers's moustache as the best in history."}, {"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "His jaw was wired shut for five weeks, and when he returned to action, Fingers jumped every time the ball was hit; it took him about half the remaining season to get used to being on the mound again."}], "text": "Fingers grew the moustache to be stylish and he had to shave his long beard off.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Proposals for a bridge between the then-separate cities of Brooklyn and New York had been suggested as early as 1800."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "At the time, the only travel between the two cities was by a number of ferry lines."}], "id": "97cGPrtWX2cxw61Y25aT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Proposals for a bridge between the then-separate cities of Brooklyn and New York had been suggested as early as 1800."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "At the time, the only travel between the two cities was by a number of ferry lines."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Since opening, the Brooklyn Bridge has undergone several reconfigurations, having carried horse-drawn vehicles and elevated railway lines until 1950."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "In June 1869, while conducting these surveys, Roebling sustained a crush injury to his foot when a ferry pinned it against a piling."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "By early 1869, however, some individuals started to criticize the project, saying either that the bridge was too expensive, or that the construction process was too difficult."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Opposition", "text": "In 1879, an Assembly Sub-Committee on Commerce and Navigation began an investigation into the Brooklyn Bridge."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Trolley service on the middle lanes continued until the elevated lines stopped using the bridge in 1944, when they moved to the protected center tracks."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "The city began planning to replace all the Brooklyn Bridge's cables at a cost of $115 million, as part of a larger project to renovate all four toll-free East River spans."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "In the early 20th century, there were plans for Brooklyn Bridge elevated trains to run underground to the BRT's proposed Chambers Street station in Manhattan, though the connection was never opened."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge planning began as early as 1800 to avoid having to use ferry lines.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem's origins are unknown, but it was partly inspired by Gray's thoughts following the death of the poet Richard West in 1742."}], "id": "9950aVazv4Qfy0ojyjK2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "William Mason, in Memoirs, discussed his friend Gray and the origins of Elegy: \"I am inclined to believe that the Elegy in a Country Church-yard was begun, if not concluded, at this time [August 1742] also: Though I am aware that as it stands at present, the conclusion is of a later date; how that was originally I shall show in my notes on the poem."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "Written in a Country Meeting House, April 1789; Parodized from Gray for the Entertainment of Those Who Laugh at All Parties by George Richards (d.1804) and published from Boston MA, the parody was printed opposite Gray's original page by page, making the translation to the political context more obvious."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "This was the case with Edward Jerningham's The Nunnery: an elegy in imitation of the Elegy in a Churchyard, published in 1762."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Claimed as \"probably still today the best-known and best-loved poem in English\", the Elegy quickly became popular."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Originally titled Stanzas Wrote in a Country Church-Yard, the poem was completed when Gray was living near St Giles' parish church at Stoke Poges."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "His \"A Summer Evening Churchyard, Lechlade, Gloucestershire\" is metrically more inventive and written in a six-line stanza that terminates Gray's cross-rhymed quatrain with a couplet."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "In 1995, Lorna Clymer argued, \"The dizzying series of displacements and substitutions of subjects, always considered a crux in Thomas Gray's \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\" (1751), results from a complex manipulation of epitaphic rhetoric.\" Later, Robert Mack, in 2000, explained that \"Gray's Elegy is numbered high among the very greatest poems in the English tradition precisely because of its simultaneous accessibility and inscrutability.\" He went on to claim that the poem \"was very soon to transform his life \u2013 and to transform or at least profoundly affect the development of lyric poetry in English\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem's origins are unknown, but it was partly inspired by Gray's thoughts following the death of the poet Richard West in 1742."}], "text": "The origins of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard are not known.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena, the low-born ward of a French-Spanish countess, is in love with the countess's son Bertram, who is indifferent to her."}], "id": "9AQX45ZDn5f9y8uccho6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well. The New Cambridge Shakespeare (2 ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "That Ends Well have been found."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "No records of the early performances of All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Styan, J. G., Shakespeare in Performance series: All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles\u2014a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward\u2014as Lafew and the Countess have also said."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena returns home to the countess, who is horrified at what her son has done, and claims Helena as her child in Bertram's place."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "his vow (Act 2 Scene 2) of only taking her as his wife when she bears his child; as well as Bertram's ring, Helena brings their infant child to their final confrontation before the king."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena, the low-born ward of a French-Spanish countess, is in love with the countess's son Bertram, who is indifferent to her."}], "text": "All's Well That Ends Well is about the countess Helena.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "All's Well That Ends Well"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Nancy Shevell", "text": "Shevell is about 18 years younger than McCartney."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Nancy Shevell", "text": "McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall, London, on 9 October 2011."}], "id": "9C8DnbexBkXDUS78PRGT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Lifestyle | Creative outlets", "text": "but now I'm out of the closet\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "However, it was a choice between going on or finishing, and I loved music too much to think of stopping."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Vegetarianism and activism", "text": "He and his wife Linda were vegetarians for most of their 29-year marriage."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Girlfriends | Dot Rhone", "text": "According to Spitz, McCartney, now \"free of obligation\", ended the engagement."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Creative outlets", "text": "Miles later wrote McCartney's official biography, Many Years from Now (1997).McCartney became interested in painting after watching artist Willem de Kooning work in de Kooning's Long Island studio."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "His wife helped him pull out of that condition by praising his work as a songwriter and convincing him to continue writing and recording."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2000\u20132009", "text": "He contributed the song \"Nova\" to a tribute album of classical, choral music called A Garland for Linda (2000), dedicated to his late wife."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "In March 1969, McCartney married his first wife, Linda Eastman, and in August, the couple had their first child, Mary, named after his late mother."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1982\u20131990", "text": "The album fared much better, reaching number one in the UK and producing the US top-ten hit single \"No More Lonely Nights\", featuring David Gilmour on lead guitar."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Nancy Shevell", "text": "Shevell is about 18 years younger than McCartney."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Nancy Shevell", "text": "McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall, London, on 9 October 2011."}], "text": "McCartney's now wife is much older than him.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world."}], "id": "9EOl4Z5zvUnE6GCUwvO4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings."}, {"section_header": "Education | Higher education", "text": "Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in the world are near Boston."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "Living expenses have risen; Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States and was ranked the 129th-most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall \"one of the top venues for classical music in the world,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "In the 2018 Global Financial Centres Index, Boston was ranked as having the thirteenth most competitive financial services center in the world and the second most competitive in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation", "text": "As of 2015, Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70.Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "Despite cost-of-living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Rockport, Puma and Wolverine World"}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world."}], "text": "Boston is ranked as one of the richest towns in the world.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857."}], "id": "9Jy3rCRIVH2JA9AylmDS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | War and upheaval", "text": "The new government did not sue for peace, and by 17 September, the Prussian armies had surrounded Paris."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Music | Orchestral, piano and vocal works", "text": "However, Dean contends that the work suffers from poor organisation and an excess of pretentious music; he calls it a \"misfire\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "Bizet was admitted to the Conservatoire on 9 October 1848, two weeks before his 10th birthday."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "His father, Adolphe Bizet, had been a hairdresser and wigmaker before becoming a singing teacher despite his lack of formal training."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Years of struggle", "text": "He accepted piano pupils and some composition students, two of whom, Edmond Galabert and Paul Lacombe, became his close friends."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "He also met another of Gounod's young students, the 13-year-old Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, who remained a firm friend of Bizet's."}], "text": "Georges Bizet was a poor student, expelled from the conservatory at Rueil-Malmaison before he was 17.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}], "id": "9Nu38ykrYFpYuO532inA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "A slick fielder but never much of a hitter, he worked his way up to the Texas League Houston Buffaloes (two steps below the majors) in 1951, though never made it to the big league club."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver claims to have never had a sign for the hit and run,"}, {"section_header": "Managerial career", "text": "In 1982, Weaver announced he would retire at the end of the season, one in which the Orioles played poorly for the first half of the year before climbing in the standings to just three games behind going into a season-ending four-game series against the division-leading Brewers at Memorial Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He was the son of Earl Milton Weaver, a dry cleaner who cleaned the uniforms of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns, and Ethel Genevieve Wakefield."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "After playing for Beaumont High School in his hometown, St. Louis, Missouri, the 17-year-old Weaver was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1948 as a second baseman."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "A year later on August 26, 1979, in the third inning of the opener of an Orioles-White Sox doubleheader at Comiskey Park, he ejected Weaver who then publicly questioned Luciano's \"integrity\" and received a three-game suspension."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer, who battled with his manager on a regular basis, once noted: \"The only thing that Earl knows about a curve ball is he couldn't hit it.\" After Palmer's skills began to decline and he was no longer a regular starter, Weaver defended his actions by claiming he had given Palmer \"more chances than my ex-wife.\" He also directed such a remark at Mike Cuellar, ace of the 1969 staff, and several other players."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "On another infamous occasion, in Cleveland, Springstead watched as Weaver tore up the rule book and tossed it into the air."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career", "text": "Weaver was appointed to replace Gene Woodling as the Orioles' first-base coach on October 3, 1967, and spent the first half of the 1968 season in that capacity before succeeding Hank Bauer as manager on July 11."}], "text": "Earl Weaver never played in the Majors but did end up coaching.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Earl Weaver"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "In 2011, One Direction became the face of Pokemon Black and White, starring in a series of television adverts."}], "id": "9RYUaoShbtsWEwG4UHmh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "They were the first installments in the fifth generation of the Pok\u00e9mon series of role-playing games."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us", "text": "Where We Are Tour. Tickets for the tour sold out in minutes and more shows were added due to \"overwhelming demand.\" On 23 November 2013, in support of Midnight Memories, the band participated in \"1D Day\", a day dedicated to One Direction fans."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "participated in the X Factor Live Tour."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "Due to overwhelming demand to participate in the fundraising, the ticket website for the event broke down."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "The same month, the boy band and other contestants from the series"}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "\" The ad is set to the 1D single \"Drag Me Down\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 2011\u20132012: Up All Night", "text": "All Night Tour. That month, they announced that an Oceania leg had been added to the tour."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "The group quickly gained popularity in the UK.One Direction achieved third place in the competition and immediately after the final, their song \"Forever Young\", which would have been released if they had won The X Factor, was leaked onto the internet."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "In 2011, One Direction became the face of Pokemon Black and White, starring in a series of television adverts."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "To promote the launch Nokia made a series of photos of the band members using the phones to take photos of themselves."}], "text": "They participated in a series of ads for a popular game.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Deaths", "text": "Hamer stated: \"I hate to bust the cap on a woman, especially when she was sitting down, however if it wouldn't have been her, it would have been us.\" Word of the deaths quickly got around when Hamer, Jordan, Oakley, and Hinton drove into town to telephone their respective bosses."}], "id": "9ReVawesrfX29vtSV3Sm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "Georgie Fame's 1967 single \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\", Mel Torme's 1968 song \"A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde\", Merle Haggard's 1968 \"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\", and Die Toten Hosen's \"Bonnie & Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Deaths", "text": "According to statements made by Hinton and Alcorn: Each of us six officers had a shotgun and an automatic rifle and pistols."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | Platte City and Dexfield Park", "text": "Buck was shot in the back, and he and his wife were captured by the officers."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Warren Beatty approached her to purchase the rights to her name for use in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, and she agreed to the original script."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "In 1940, she married Eddie Frasure, worked as a taxi cab dispatcher and a beautician, and completed the terms of her parole one year later."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1933: Buck and Blanche Barrow join the gang", "text": "The surviving officers later testified that they had fired only fourteen rounds in the conflict; one hit Jones on the side, one struck Clyde but was deflected by his suitcoat button, and one grazed Buck after ricocheting off a wall."}, {"section_header": "Differing accounts", "text": "Schmid's Thompson submachine gun jammed on the first round, and he could not get off one shot."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "He escaped from the prison farm shortly after his incarceration using a weapon Parker smuggled to him."}, {"section_header": "Deaths | Funeral and burial", "text": "The Barrow brothers share a single granite marker with their names on it and an epitaph selected by Clyde: \" Gone but not forgotten."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\", the latter more commonly known as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Deaths", "text": "Hamer stated: \"I hate to bust the cap on a woman, especially when she was sitting down, however if it wouldn't have been her, it would have been us.\" Word of the deaths quickly got around when Hamer, Jordan, Oakley, and Hinton drove into town to telephone their respective bosses."}], "text": "Not a single one of the officers that shot Bonnie and Clyde officially used the term \"Bust the cap\" in their statement!", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Bonnie and Clyde"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "The avaricious Mazarin merely uses the diamond to show d'Artagnan that he is once again to enter the Queen's service."}], "id": "9UBPekKfWNR2tmqm38vP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A book of The d'Artagnan Romances, it is a sequel to The Three Musketeers (1844) and precedes the 1847\u20131850 novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne (which includes the sub-plot Man in the Iron Mask)."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Reunion of the Four Musketeers", "text": "In Paris, Athos visits Madame de Chevreuse, the former mistress of Aramis, with whom, under the name Marie Michon, Aramis had much communication in The Three Musketeers."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Reunion of the Four Musketeers", "text": "Though Athos will not be enlisted into Mazarin's service, and indeed reveals that his sympathies lie against Mazarin, the two arrange to meet again in Paris; Athos wishes to bring Raoul there to help him to become a gentleman, and also to separate him from Louise de la Valli\u00e8re, with whom Raoul is obsessively in love."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Reunion of the Four Musketeers", "text": "When d'Artagnan arrives at Porthos' estate he finds Mousqueton, who is overjoyed to meet d'Artagnan and Planchet."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "At the same time, Queen Henrietta of England meets the Musketeers' old English friend, Lord de Winter - a Royalist come to ask for French assistance for King Charles I of England, her husband, in the English Civil War and sends Athos and Aramis to England as well."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Reunion of the Four Musketeers", "text": "Athos reveals, discreetly, that Raoul is the son born of a chance encounter that Athos had with her, and through her gets a letter of recommendation for Raoul to join the army."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "In the end, all their plans fail and Mordaunt turns to regicide, executing King Charles I after d'Artagnan and the three former Musketeers have kidnapped the real executioner in order to prevent this."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "This monk is unpleasant to them and does not seem inclined to perform this service, so they force him to go to the inn."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "After his departure, Raoul and Guiche are forced to retreat when the Spanish come upon the town."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "The avaricious Mazarin merely uses the diamond to show d'Artagnan that he is once again to enter the Queen's service."}], "text": "This is the sequel to the Three Musketeers in which the eponymous Musketeers meet again to join forces for the Queen.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Twenty Years After"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of \"buccaneers and buried gold.\" Its influence is enormous on popular perceptions of pirates, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an \"X\", schooners, the Black Spot, tropical islands, and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders."}], "id": "9Uieqyh7QnMAujnz8HD5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Unst, one of the Shetland Islands, to which the map of Treasure Island bears a very vague resemblance."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the 1994 film The Shawshank Redemption, Treasure Island is one of the books Andy procures for the prison library."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Stevenson mentions the buried treasure and Captain Thompson in an 1881 letter to W. E. Henley, where he also provides the earliest known title for the book: \"The Sea Cook, or Treasure Island: a Story for Boys\"."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "In the novel, Dr. Livesey warns the drunkard Billy Bones that \"the name of rum for you is death.\" Various claims have been made that one island or another inspired Treasure Island:  Isla de Pinos near Cuba, which served as a supply base for pirates for about 300 years, is believed to have inspired Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Later the book was republished as the novel Treasure Island and the book proved to be Stevenson's first financial and critical success."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Cocos Island off Costa Rica has many similarities with the fictional treasure island."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The growth of the desert island genre can be traced back to 1719 when Daniel Defoe's legendary Robinson Crusoe was published."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands was supposedly mentioned to Stevenson by a sailor uncle, and also possesses a \"Spyglass Hill\" like the fictional Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Related works | References in other works", "text": "Treasure Island make an appearance in Doraemon the Movie: Nobita's Treasure Island, the 2018 entry of the popular Doraemon movie series which is also a loose adaptation of the book."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "The real treasure has never been found, despite more than 300 expeditions to the island."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of \"buccaneers and buried gold.\" Its influence is enormous on popular perceptions of pirates, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an \"X\", schooners, the Black Spot, tropical islands, and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders."}], "text": "Treasure Island is a book by Jules Verne about the Robinson family that gets stranded on an abandoned island.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Treasure Island"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "The Pantheon is in use as a Catholic church."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "Weddings are also held there from time to time."}], "id": "9UwtoUAWzSbe1KyGUkln", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "After being unloaded near the Mausoleum of Augustus, the site of the Pantheon was still about 700 metres away."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "Weddings are also held there from time to time."}, {"section_header": "Catholic additions", "text": "A competition was held to decide which architect should design it."}, {"section_header": "History | Medieval", "text": "However, Paul the Deacon records the spoliation of the building by the Emperor Constans II, who visited Rome in July 663:  Remaining at Rome"}, {"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "There, they were transferred back onto barges and pulled up the Tiber River to Rome."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "From him we know that \"the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of Syracusan bronze\", that \"the Pantheon of Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are looked upon as masterpieces of excellence: the same, too, with the statues that are placed upon the roof,\" and that one of Cleopatra's pearls was cut in half so that each half \"might serve as pendants for the ears of Venus, in the Pantheon at Rome\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "Cassius Dio, a Graeco-Roman senator, consul and author of a comprehensive History of Rome, writing approximately 75 years after the Pantheon's reconstruction, mistakenly attributed the domed building to Agrippa rather than Hadrian."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Pantheon (UK: , US: ; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd Pantheion, \"[temple] of all the gods\") is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC \u2013 14 AD)."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "Finished by Hadrian but not claimed as one of his works, it used the text of the original inscription on the new fa\u00e7ade (a common practice in Hadrian's rebuilding projects all over Rome; the only building on which Hadrian put his own name was the Temple to the Deified Trajan)."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "The Pantheon is in use as a Catholic church."}], "text": "No events can be held at the Pantheon of Rome.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pantheon, Rome"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Film", "text": "Mirren's title role of The Queen earned her numerous acting awards including a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, and an Academy Award, among many others."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: Queen Elizabeth I in the television series"}], "id": "9Vu2LnlDpnXMT7DrxLdz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Television", "text": "Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed Prime Suspect, a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: Queen Elizabeth I in the television series"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen, the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the same role in The Audience, and has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie four times."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "In January 2009, Mirren was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British Actresses of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For her role as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series Prime Suspect, which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994, and two Primetime Emmy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "Mirren's title role of The Queen earned her numerous acting awards including a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, and an Academy Award, among many others."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one Academy Award, four BAFTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards, and one Tony Award."}, {"section_header": "Television", "text": "She also played Queen Elizabeth I in 2005, in the television serial Elizabeth I, for Channel 4 and HBO, for which she received an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award."}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognition", "text": "She has also received numerous honorary awards, including the BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and Gala Tribute presented by the Film Society of Lincoln Center."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | Broadway debut", "text": "\u201a Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play\u201a for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in The Audience which also won her the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress and made her one of the few actors to achieve the \u201cTriple Crown of Acting\u201d in the US, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including Ingrid Bergman\u201a Dame Maggie Smith, and Al Pacino."}], "text": "Award winning British actress Helen Mirren is known for her role in  Gosford Park and 10 other British films or television series as one of four to play the role of a Queen.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "id": "9aKnG2or5QXEx8xk7rNR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He had the job of sweeping the streets, and got lost on his first day of work, which led him to tell astonished passers-by: \"I'm Puyi, the last Emperor of the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Some refer to him as \"The Last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty\" (Chinese: \u6e05\u672b\u5e1d; pinyin: Q\u012bng M\u00f2 D\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'ing1 Mo4-ti4)."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The G\u016bwalgiya clan was regarded as one of the most powerful Manchu clans in the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Sometimes a \"Qing\" (Chinese: \u6e05; pinyin: Q\u012bng) is added in front of the two titles to indicate his affiliation with the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Film", "text": "The film tells of the founding of the Republic of China when Sun Yat-sen led the Xinhai Revolution to overthrow the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "It was decided that Pujie would join Puyi in the Forbidden City to provide him with a playmate, but Puyi was notably angry when he discovered his brother was wearing yellow \u2013 the color of the Qing \u2013 as he believed that only Emperors had the right to wear yellow, and it had to be explained to him that all members of the Qing family could."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "On 10 October 1911, the army garrison in Wuhan mutinied, sparking a widespread revolt in the Yangtze river valley and beyond, demanding the overthrow of the Qing dynasty that had ruled China since 1644."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "He resented being \"Head of State\" and then \"Emperor of Manchukuo\" rather than being fully restored as a Qing Emperor."}], "text": "Puyi was the 11th Emperor of the Qing dynasty.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Primarily a player of the alto saxophone, Bird's tone ranged from clean and penetrating to sweet and somber."}], "id": "9aWHHuHqOPmBSB9onQ3T", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "Since 1972, the Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized many of Parker's improvisations for a five-piece saxophone section."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "Streets was given the honorary designation \"Charlie Parker Place\" in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Career | Jazz at Massey Hall", "text": "At this concert, Parker played a plastic Grafton saxophone."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "His attempt to improvise failed when he lost track of the chord changes."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "became the album Charlie Parker with Strings: \" Just Friends\" , \"Everything Happens to Me\", \"April in Paris\", \"Summertime\","}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "\" These unique chords are known popularly as \"Bird Changes\"."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "In 2005, the Selmer Paris saxophone manufacturer commissioned a special \"Tribute to Bird\" alto saxophone, commemorating the 50th anniversary of Parker's death (1955\u20132005)."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "During this period he mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to the later development of Bebop."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death", "text": "Parker was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, in a hamlet known as Blue Summit, located close to I-435 and East Truman Road."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "His mother purchased a new alto saxophone around the same time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Primarily a player of the alto saxophone, Bird's tone ranged from clean and penetrating to sweet and somber."}], "text": "Charlie Parker is known for his tenor saxophone improvisations.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In March 2009, Seth Grahame-Smith's Pride and Prejudice and Zombies takes Austen's work and mashes it up with zombie hordes, cannibalism, ninja  and ultraviolent mayhem."}], "id": "9dEac7msvaNOazzypLCf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Notable television versions include two by the BBC: a 1980 version starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul and the popular 1995 version, starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pride and Prejudice and Poison, Pride and Prejudice and Secrets, Forced to Marry and The Rescue of Elizabeth Bennet."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "Pride and Prejudice was first published in the United States in August 1832 as Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Class", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is hardly the exception."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued and An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later by Emma Tennant"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has also inspired works of scientific writing."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Bella Breen is the author of four variations on Pride and Prejudice."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In March 2009, Seth Grahame-Smith's Pride and Prejudice and Zombies takes Austen's work and mashes it up with zombie hordes, cannibalism, ninja  and ultraviolent mayhem."}], "text": "There is a version of Pride and Prejudice with undead, and shinobi assassins.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Jennings was the son of Irish immigrants, James and Nora, who according to Jack Smiles's biography of Jennings, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer (page 7), arrived in Pittston in 1851."}], "id": "9dFqj8rNSjceJrtCCM3h", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "The \"Ee-Yah\" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie \"Ee-Yah\" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout \"Ee-Yah\" when Jennings appeared on the field. (See also Jack Smile,"}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings was also one of the best fielding shortstops of the era."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "Jennings practiced law in Baltimore and in Scranton, Pennsylvania."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Jennings was the son of Irish immigrants, James and Nora, who according to Jack Smiles's biography of Jennings, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer (page 7), arrived in Pittston in 1851."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "While Jennings was never the same after the injury to his arm in 1898, he contributed to Brooklyn's National League pennants in 1899 and 1900.In 1901, Jennings was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "After the 1899 season, Jennings was accepted to Cornell Law School."}, {"section_header": "New York Giants: 1921\u20131925", "text": "McGraw and Jennings staged a reunion year after year on their birthdays."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings was English descent.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek)."}], "id": "9iNtq9QczvAm4aKJU3qY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Several proposals have been raised to adjust the work week with the majority of the world, and make Sunday a non-working day, while extending working time of other days or replacing Friday with Sunday as a work day."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek)."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "In observance of Shabbat, in places where Friday is a work day and the majority of population is Jewish, Friday is a \"short day\", usually lasting until 14:00 in the winter, or 16:00 in the summer."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Israel has one official language, Hebrew."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Israel was also ranked 5th in the world by share of people in high-skilled employment."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan."}, {"section_header": "History | Further conflict and peace process", "text": "More than a thousand people were killed in the violence."}], "text": "In Israel the day of relaxation is Saturday and most people work on Sundays.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894, 1895, and 1896."}], "id": "9iWBUsbWZfYwQ3Os5PZf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "The fiery Jennings was also known as one of the most fearless players of his time, allowing himself to be hit by pitches more than any other player."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "He drew attention playing shortstop for a semi-professional baseball team in Lehighton, Pennsylvania in 1890."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Amidst all those great players, Jennings was appointed captain in 1894, his first full season with the team."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "While playing for the Orioles in the 1890s, Jennings and John McGraw both attended classes at St. Bonaventure University."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a fiery, hard-nosed player who was not afraid to be hit by a pitch to get on base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "\"In 1912, during a game in which \"pick-ups\" played for the Tigers when the regular team went on strike to protest the suspension of Cobb after an incident involving a fan in the stands whom Cobb assaulted, Jennings, who also sent his coaches in as substitute players, came to bat himself once as a pinch hitter."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "Jennings played 6 games for the Superbas in 1903, effectively ending his playing career, with the exception of 9 at bats during his tenure as the manager of the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894, 1895, and 1896."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings was a baseball player who played for the Orioles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honours | Competitive", "text": "FIFA World Cup   Champions (2): 1978, 1986  Runners-up (3): 1930, 1990,"}], "id": "9mwlv6stXYMHHJJPHC6h", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Crest", "text": "The first emblem was a simplified version of the crest (without the laurel wreath, that was added for the 1982 World Cup).In 2004, the two stars added above the crest symbolized the national team FIFA World championships of 1978 and 1986."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "The two teams have faced each other 198 times since 1901."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Germany", "text": "Argentina have played Germany in seven FIFA World Cup matches including three FIFA World Cup finals: In 1986 Argentina won 3\u20132, but in 1990 it was the Germans who were the victors by a 1\u20130 scoreline."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | England", "text": "The nations were paired together in the Round of 16 at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, won by Argentina on penalties, and again at the group stage in 2002, England winning 1\u20130 through a penalty by David Beckham who had been sent off in the tie four years earlier."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "An Argentina team (with only three players of over 23 years of age included in the squad) won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008.Argentina also won seven of the 18 football competitions at the Pan American Games, winning in 1951, 1955, 1959, 1971, 1995, 2003 and 2019 ."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "On 6 September 2011, Bangabandhu National Stadium hosted an international friendly football match between the full-strength Argentina and Nigeria teams, featuring Lionel Messi, Sergio Ag\u00fcero, Javier Mascherano and John Obi Mikel among the other star players of both nations."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "Argentina and Uruguay hold the record for most international matches played between two countries."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the La Albiceleste, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Honours | Competitive", "text": "FIFA World Cup   Champions (2): 1978, 1986  Runners-up (3): 1930, 1990,"}], "text": "Argentina national football team has won two World Cups.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}], "id": "9nQMCWhvfOGuoc61qtqU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "For the remainder of the year between the first and second Thanksgiving gatherings, Elliot and Lee carry on their affair despite Elliot's inability to end his marriage to Hannah."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee has lived for five years with a reclusive artist, Frederick, who is much older."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters movie occurs during a two year period.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "Faust is bored and depressed with his life as a scholar."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world."}], "id": "A168YlhklyKxDVfVFKWu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical adaptations | Other adaptations", "text": "The first five tracks from the album The Killing Gods."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Mephisto", "text": "Germany aligns himself with the Nazi party for prestige."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Goethe's reworking of the story two hundred years later, Faust becomes a dissatisfied intellectual who yearns for \"more than earthly meat and drink\" in his life."}, {"section_header": "Television adaptations | Chespirito's Faust", "text": "After Faust's youth is restored, he uses his powers to try conquering the heart of his assistant Margarita (played by Florinda Meza)."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Mephistopheles tries to seize Faust's soul when he dies after this moment of happiness, but is frustrated and enraged when angels intervene due to God's grace."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Murnau's Faust", "text": "Mephisto overcomes Faust's reluctance to sign a long binding pact with the invitation that Faust may try on these powers, just for one day, and without obligation to longer terms."}, {"section_header": "Television adaptations | Chespirito's Faust", "text": "Ramon Valdez played Mephistopheles (presenting himself also as The Devil), and in this particular version, Faust sells his soul by signing a contract, after which Mephistopheles gives him an object known as the \"Chirr\u00edn-Chirri\u00f3n\" (which resembles a horse whip) which grants him the power to make things, people or even youth or age, appear or disappear, by speaking the object's name, followed by the word \"Chirr\u00edn\" (for them to appear) or \"Chirri\u00f3n\" (for them to disappear)."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "This is a significant difference between Goethe's \"Faust\" and Marlowe's; Faust is not the one who suggests the wager."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Part one of the story ends in tragedy for Faust, as Gretchen is saved but Faust is left to grieve in shame."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | The Last Faust", "text": "Directed by Philipp Humm, 2019 \u2013 a contemporary feature art film directly based on Goethe's Faust, Part One and Faust, Part Two."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "Faust is bored and depressed with his life as a scholar."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world."}], "text": "Faust is an uninterested and unhappy intellectual who tried to kill himself.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies."}], "id": "A3U2Z7VbdJO9wqwEHGe1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "About 12,000 of Instacart's 142,000 workers are employees with the option of unionizing."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "The suit alleged 18 violations, including improper tip pooling and failure to reimburse workers for business expenses."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The delivery fee is $3.99 for orders of $35 or more and $7.99 under that amount."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A 2019 study done by NERA Economic Consulting determined that Instacart was responsible for more than 23,000 jobs across the 4 states of California, Illinois, Washington, and New York."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company offers service via a website and mobile app in 5,500 cities in all 50 U.S. states and Canadian provinces in partnership with over 350 retailers that have more than 25,000 grocery stores including Albertsons, Aldi, Big Lots, C&S Wholesale Grocers, Costco, CVS Health, Eataly, Price Chopper, H-E-B, Kroger, Loblaw Companies, Petco, Publix, Safeway Inc., Sam's Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, Staples U.S., Target Corporation, Total Wine & More, and Wegmans."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In March 2019, Instacart expanded its same-day alcohol delivery service in the U.S., making Instacart one of the largest online delivery and pickup marketplaces for alcohol in the U.S.On April 11, 2019, the company expanded its services to offering an on-demand option for its workers, in order to allow workers to work more flexible schedules."}], "text": "Instacart's founder created more than twenty businesses.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has been generally well received."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the \"Lord of the Flies\"."}], "id": "A8oESklJqrcLjZBG2Tst", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "Author Stephen King uses the name Castle Rock, from the mountain fort in Lord of the Flies, as a fictional town that has appeared in a number of his novels."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "A turning point occurred when E. M. Forster chose Lord of the Flies as his \u201coutstanding novel of the year.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "On 5 November 2019, BBC News listed Lord of the Flies on its list of the 100 most influential novels."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Television", "text": "A 1998 episode from the ninth season of The Simpsons, titled \"Das Bus,\" parodies Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Music", "text": "The Camerawalls include a song entitled \"Lord of the Flies\" on their 2008 album Pocket Guide to the Otherworld."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Some of the marooned characters are ordinary students, while others arrive as a musical choir under an established leader."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has been generally well received."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the \"Lord of the Flies\"."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies is a novel influencing the stigma of unseen characters to appear as a normal event because of the book's Pulitzer prize win.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Her Super Bowl XLIX halftime show performance is the most watched in history."}], "id": "ABrFUpRxxMJMZxWSq0N2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "She also performed at the 2015 Rock in Rio festival on September 27, 2015.On November 23, 2014, the NFL announced that Perry would perform at the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show on February 1, 2015."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "The viewership was higher than the game itself, which was viewed by an audience of 114.4 million."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics", "text": "Perry also spoke and performed at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in support of Clinton."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "At 13, Perry was given her first guitar for her birthday, and publicly performed songs she wrote."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "In 2003, she briefly performed as Katheryn Perry to avoid confusion with actress Kate Hudson."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "Four days later, Perry performed the songs from the album at the iHeartRadio Theater in Los Angeles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With the music videos for its chart-topping songs \"Roar\" and \"Dark Horse\", Perry became the first artist to have multiple videos reach one billion views on Vevo."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "In September 2015, she appeared in the documentaries Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show, which followed Perry's preparation for her Super Bowl performance, and Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer, which followed the life and career of designer Jeremy Scott."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Her Super Bowl XLIX halftime show performance is the most watched in history."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "She performed the tracks in front of their parents, who let her take vocal lessons as Angela was at the time."}], "text": "Katy Perry performed at the halfway point of an NFL game and is the top viewed performance ever.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization", "text": "By the end of the Meiji period, attendance of public schools was widespread, increasing the availability of skilled workers and contributing to the industrial growth of Japan."}], "id": "ACfGn2vwBSSbAbJeCPd8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of \"Enrich the country, strengthen the military\" (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, fukoku ky\u014dhei)."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "There was dramatic rise in production, as shown in the table below."}, {"section_header": "Centralization", "text": "By the end of the Meiji period, attendance of public schools was widespread, increasing the availability of skilled workers and contributing to the industrial growth of Japan."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "We shall henceforward exercise supreme authority in all the internal and external affairs of the country."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "Japan's economic powers are a major influence on the industrial factor of its country as well."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "On January 3, 1868, the Emperor made a formal declaration of the restoration of his power:  The Emperor of Japan announces to the sovereigns of all foreign countries and to their subjects that permission has been granted to the Sh\u014dgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu to return the governing power in accordance with his own request."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country)."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Ch\u014dsh\u016b Alliance between Saig\u014d Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Ch\u014dsh\u016b Domain."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}], "text": "The Meji Restoration did nor contribute to the improvement of the rising sun country.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The youngest daughter of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer, and Frances Shand Kydd, she was strongly affected by their divorce in 1967."}], "id": "ACuFXSKYnZKhiXxZpUFx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She grew up with three siblings: Sarah, Jane, and Charles."}, {"section_header": "Death | Tribute, funeral, and burial", "text": "Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The works, all completed in 2007, included Diana branches, Diana family picnic, Diana veil, Diana crash and Diana pram, which incorporates the quotation \"I vow to thee my country\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "Actresses who have portrayed Diana include Serena Scott Thomas (in Diana: Her True Story), Julie Cox (in Princess in Love), Amy Seccombe (in Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess), Genevieve O'Reilly (in Diana: Last Days of a Princess), Nathalie Brocker (in The Murder of Princess Diana), and Naomi Watts (in Diana)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The first biopics about Diana and Charles were Charles and Diana: A Royal Love Story and The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana that were broadcast on American TV channels on 17 and 20 September 1981, respectively."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "In December 1992, ABC aired Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After, a TV movie about marital discord between Diana and Charles."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "Before and after her death, Diana has been depicted in contemporary art."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "\"In 2005, Mart\u00edn Sastre premiered during the Venice Biennale the film Diana: The Rose Conspiracy."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The 2007 docudrama Diana: Last Days of a Princess details the final two months of her life."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The first of the two, Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy, was broadcast on ITV and HBO on 24 July 2017."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The youngest daughter of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer, and Frances Shand Kydd, she was strongly affected by their divorce in 1967."}], "text": "Diana was the oldest sibling.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "In interviews in 2002 and 2011, Depp claimed to have Native American ancestry, stating, \"I guess I have some Native American somewhere down the line."}], "id": "AGp0xo9x4MMzwyLfhdrM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "This led to criticism from the Native American community, as Depp has no documented Native ancestry, and Native community leaders refer to him as \"a non-Indian\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "In interviews in 2002 and 2011, Depp claimed to have Native American ancestry, stating, \"I guess I have some Native American somewhere down the line."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Critical response to his claims from the Native community increased after this, including satirical portrayals of Depp by Native comedians."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "My great-grandmother was quite a bit of Native American, she grew up Cherokee or maybe Creek Indian."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "\" Depp's claims came under scrutiny when Indian Country Today stated that Depp had never inquired about his heritage nor was he recognized as a member of the Cherokee Nation."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Makes sense in terms of coming from Kentucky, which is rife with Cherokee and Creek Indian."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships", "text": "Depp stated that having children has given him \"real foundation, a real strong place to stand in life, in work, in everything."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "An ad featuring Depp and Native American imagery, by Dior for the fragrance \"Sauvage\", was pulled on August 30, 2019 after charges of cultural appropriation and racism."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Producer Scott Rudin has stated that \"basically Johnny Depp is playing Tim Burton in all his movies\"; although Burton disapproved of the comment, Depp agrees with it."}], "text": "Johnny Depp claimed to have native Indian ancestry.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vonnegut's fourth novel, it was first published in 1963, exploring and satirizing issues of science, technology, the purpose of religion, and the arms race, often through the use of black humor."}], "id": "AHoUrY37LNPr00MHWPGi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "The Cuban Missile Crisis, in which world powers collided around a small Caribbean island, bringing the world to the brink of mutual assured destruction, occurred in 1962, and much of the novel can be seen as allegorical."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vonnegut's fourth novel, it was first published in 1963, exploring and satirizing issues of science, technology, the purpose of religion, and the arms race, often through the use of black humor."}, {"section_header": "Style", "text": "Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Vonnegut himself has claimed that his books \"are essentially mosaics made up of a whole bunch of tiny little chips...and each chip is a joke.\" After World War II, Kurt Vonnegut worked in the public relations department for the General Electric research company."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Many of Vonnegut's recurring themes are prevalent in Cat's Cradle, most notably the issues of free will and man's relation to technology."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot summary", "text": "Newt reiterates the idea of the cat's cradle, implying that the game, with its invisible cat, is an appropriate symbol for nonsense and the meaninglessness of life."}, {"section_header": "Bokononism", "text": "Now I will destroy the whole world \u2013"}], "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel about the political climate after World War 2.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "While Franklin was pursuing her career and \"hanging out with [friends]\", Franklin's grandmother Rachel and sister Erma took turns raising the children."}], "id": "AIxGODZR3H3PSy68iNtb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin married her second husband, actor Glynn Turman, on April 11, 1978, at her father's church."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Several women, including Aretha's grandmother, Rachel, and Mahalia Jackson, took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "While Franklin was pursuing her career and \"hanging out with [friends]\", Franklin's grandmother Rachel and sister Erma took turns raising the children."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death and funeral", "text": "The cause of death was a malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), which is distinct from the most-common form of pancreatic cancer."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Aretha's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the \"million-dollar voice\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin maintained a residence there until her death."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Arista (1980\u20132007)", "text": "In 1987, she issued her third gospel album, One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism, which was recorded at her late father's New Bethel church, followed by Through the Storm in 1989."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn \"Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me\"."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Later years (2008\u20132018)", "text": "It peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Top Classical Albums chart before her death and rose to number 2 after her death."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death and funeral", "text": "Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76, without a will."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear."}], "text": "Just after her father's death, Franklin was taught to read music from her grandmother.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Aretha Franklin"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states."}], "id": "AMrOKFfk5s1T1bmRQSpy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | POWs sent overseas", "text": "At first, many were put on ships, but as numbers grew, the British decided they did not want them kept locally."}, {"section_header": "Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 \u2013 May 1902) | Peace committees", "text": "Among those Burghers who had stopped fighting, it was decided to form peace committees to persuade those who were still fighting to desist."}, {"section_header": "Background | Escalation and war | Arming the Boers", "text": "In fact, when the ammunition for the Mausers ran out, the Boers relied primarily on the captured Lee-Metfords."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | British Army deployed", "text": "When war with the Boer Republics was imminent in September 1899, a Field Force, referred to as the Army Corps (sometimes 1st Army Corps) was mobilised and sent to Cape Town."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Boers retreat", "text": "Those remaining fell into confusion and most failed to break out before Hunter trapped them."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Boers retreat", "text": "A force under General Archibald Hunter set out from Bloemfontein to achieve this in July 1900."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | British Army deployed", "text": "It was \"about the equivalent of the I Army Corps of the existing mobilization scheme\" and was placed under the command of Gen Sir Redvers Buller, GOC in C of Aldershot Command."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | British Army deployed", "text": "In South Africa the corps never operated as such and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and Cavalry divisions were widely dispersed."}, {"section_header": "Background | Escalation and war | Negotiations fail", "text": "The editor of the Times laughed out loud when he read it, saying 'an official document is seldom amusing and useful"}, {"section_header": "The end of the war", "text": "Kitchener's tactics were very costly: Britain was running out of time and money and needed to change tack."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states."}], "text": "All the Boers were blinged out, so the Brits decided to deploy their empiralist might to steal their bling.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}], "id": "AMwMWL5ZCpvf96l4oeBV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Beach\" has been mentioned in a number of novels, plays, poems, and films: In Dodie Smith's novel, I Capture the Castle (1940), the book's protagonist remarks that Debussy's Clair de Lune reminds her of \"Dover Beach\" (in the film adaptation of the novel, the character quotes (or, rather, misquotes) a line from the poem)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Samuel Barber composed a setting of \"Dover Beach\" for string quartet and baritone."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching \"Dover Beach\" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role (\"Listen!"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Kevin Kline's character, Cal Gold, in the film The Anniversary Party recites part of \"Dover Beach\" as a toast."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "William Butler Yeats responds directly to Arnold's pessimism in his four-line poem, \"The Nineteenth Century and After\" (1929): Anthony Hecht, US Poet Laureate, replied to \"Dover Beach\" in his poem \"The Dover Bitch\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 (1961) alludes to the poem in the chapter \"Havermyer\": \"the open-air movie theater in which\u2014for the daily amusement of the dying\u2014ignorant armies clashed by night on a collapsible screen.\" In Charles M. Fair's \"The Dying Self\", he speaks of \"the coming of this unhappy epoch, in which men are a danger to themselves roughly in proportion to their own triviality, announced in the Victorian Age\" and exemplified by \"the only first-rate poem Arnold ever wrote: 'Dover Beach'.\" Ian McEwan quotes part of the poem in his novel Saturday (2005), where the effects of its beauty and language are so strong and impressive that it moves a brutal criminal to tears and remorse."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "In her novel Devices and Desires (1989) P.D. James's character Adam Dalgliesh, thinking about his response to a police officer after having discovered a murder on a beach on the north-east coast of Norfolk about \"walking and thinking\" on the beach notes that \"I was thinking about the clash of ignorant armies by night, since no poet walks by the sea at moonlight without silently reciting Matthew Arnold's marvellous poem."}], "text": "Dover beach is a novel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Dover Beach"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Whilst various arguments support that Shakespeare is the sole author of the play (notably DelVecchio and Hammond's Cambridge edition of the play), modern editors generally agree that Shakespeare is responsible for almost exactly half the play\u2014827 lines\u2014the main portion after scene 9 that follows the story of Pericles and Marina."}], "id": "ANHc5hNoTVzfER2FMHw3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a Jacobean play written at least in part by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the First Folio."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of Tyre in Phoenicia (Lebanon), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an incestuous relationship with his daughter."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "After John Arthos' 1953 article \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre: A Study in the Dramatic Use of Romantic Narrative,\" scholars began to find merits and interesting facets within the play's dramaturgy, narrative and use of the marvelous."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Modern revivals", "text": "Nunn shifted some scenes around and brought in prose text from George Wilkins' Pericles story (thought to be the co-author of this play with Shakespeare) in order to improve the pace and clarity of the story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Whilst various arguments support that Shakespeare is the sole author of the play (notably DelVecchio and Hammond's Cambridge edition of the play), modern editors generally agree that Shakespeare is responsible for almost exactly half the play\u2014827 lines\u2014the main portion after scene 9 that follows the story of Pericles and Marina."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles departs to rule Tyre, leaving Marina in the care of Cleon and Dionyza."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "Wilkins has been proposed as the co-author since 1868."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Fortunately, one of the fishermen drags Pericles' suit of armour on shore that very moment, and the prince decides to enter the tournament."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles returns to Tyre, where his trusted friend and counsellor Helicanus advises him to leave the city, for Antiochus surely will hunt him down."}], "text": "There has been agreement and proof that Shakespeare is the only author of Pericles, Prince of Tyre.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}], "id": "ANbqaMMHyraA1EFDCfOH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "The comics explore religious fundamentalism through the person of William Stryker and his Purifiers, an antimutant group that emerged in the 1982 graphic novel God Loves, Man Kills."}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men", "text": "The X-Men exist in the Marvel Universe along with other characters featured in Marvel Comics series and often interact with them."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "This period also included the emergence of the Hellfire Club, the arrival of the mysterious Madelyne Pryor, and the villains Apocalypse, Mister Sinister, Mojo, and Sabretooth."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991\u20132001)", "text": "In 1991, Marvel revised the entire lineup of X-Men comic book titles, centered on the launch of a second X-Men series, simply titled X-Men."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Original roster", "text": "However, these later X-Men issues failed to attract sales and Marvel stopped producing new stories with issue #66, later reprinting a number of the older comics as issues #67\u201393."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | X-Men ReLoad (2004\u20132007)", "text": "New Mutants vol 2 X-Men ReLoad was the name given by Marvel Comics to their May 2004 revamp of the X-Men titles with new looks for the characters and fresh plot points."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "The run met with critical acclaim and produced such landmark storylines as the death of Thunderbird, the emergence of Phoenix, the saga of the Starjammers and the M'Kraan Crystal, the introduction of Alpha Flight and the Proteus saga."}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men | Fictional places", "text": "The X-Men introduced several fictional locations which are regarded as important within the shared universe in which Marvel Comics characters exist:  Asteroid M, an asteroid made by Magneto, a mutant utopia and training facility off of the Earth's surface."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "This was one of the few crossovers between the Marvel Universe and the Ultimate Marvel universe; Bendis preferred to write them sparingly."}], "text": "X-Men emerge in Marvel Comics.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Simple alcohols are found widely in nature."}], "id": "AOuLcttBBRkaTDfZe22l", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "The other simple alcohols are formed in only trace amounts."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Simple alcohols are found widely in nature."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "=R'=CH3). For the tertiary alcohols the general form is RR'R\"COH."}, {"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "Secondary alcohols are those of the form RR'CHOH, the simplest of which is 2-propanol (R"}, {"section_header": "Physical properties", "text": "Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Simple monoalcohols that are the subject of this article include primary (RCH2OH), secondary (R2CHOH) and tertiary (R3COH) alcohols."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties", "text": "Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to most other compounds."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Alcohol was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide Sb2S3."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Several species of the benign bacteria in the intestine use fermentation as a form of anaerobic metabolism."}], "text": "Simple form of alcohol can be detected in our environment.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}], "id": "APVYPdSAnYFpldR6WdlL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Murasaki shikibu, The Tale of Genji."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Tale of Genji was written in an archaic court language that was already unreadable a century after it was written."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "It is thought that Shikibu often went back and edited early manuscripts introducing discrepancies with earlier copies."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Puette, William J (1983). Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Tale of Genji may have been written chapter by chapter in installments, as Murasaki delivered the tale to aristocratic women (ladies-in-waiting)."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "The debate over how much of Genji was actually written by Murasaki Shikibu has gone on for centuries and is unlikely to ever be settled unless some major archival discovery is made."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "no Ue, whom Genji marries, is based on Murasaki Shikibu herself."}], "text": "The Tale of Genji was written by Shikibu and the orginal copy is in a safe.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children."}], "id": "AURE9EwTKKtFfu9bOiz4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "This play closed three days later (June 28) after five performances."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The three roommates have since earned, among themselves, 19 Academy Award nominations, with five wins."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Tess Harper, who co-starred, said Duvall inhabited the character so fully that she only got to know Mac Sledge and not Duvall himself."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall did do his own singing, insisting it be added to his contract that he sing the songs himself; Duvall said, \"What's the point if you're not going to do your own [singing]?"}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "Duvall has periodically worked in television from the 1990s on."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Foote has described Duvall as \"our number one actor\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall worked the floor at the GOP's 2008 national convention and, according to an August 29, 2008, MSNBC article, Duvall narrated most of the videos for the convention."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "Other roles during this period that displayed the actor's wide range included that of a crew chief in Days of Thunder (1990), a retiring cop in Falling Down (1993), a Hispanic barber in Wrestling Ernest Hemingway (1993), a New York tabloid editor in The Paper (1994), a rural doctor in Phenomenon (1996), a father who owns a jumper horse farm in Something to Talk About  (1995), an abusive father in 1996's Slingblade, an astronaut in Deep Impact (1998), a mechanic in Gone in 60 Seconds (2000), a soccer coach in A Shot at Glory (2001), a police officer in John Q (2002), a trail boss in Open Range (2003), another soccer coach in the comedy Kicking & Screaming, an old free spirit in Secondhand Lions (2003), a Las Vegas poker champion in Lucky You, and a New York police chief in We"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2001, Pedraza and Duvall founded the Robert Duvall Children's Fund to assist families in Northern Argentina through renovations of homes, schools, and medical facilities."}], "text": "Duvall was in five of his own weddings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religious activities | Christians", "text": "Hadrian continued Trajan's policy on Christians; they should not be sought out, and should only be prosecuted for specific offences, such as refusal to swear oaths."}], "id": "AaSwcy3zAnWaNrLTo2KG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years", "text": ", were he a private citizen. That gave credence, after Sabina's death, to the common belief that Hadrian had her poisoned."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Whereas previous emperors had, for the most part, relied on the reports of their imperial representatives around the Empire, Hadrian wished to see things for himself."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Hadrian's policy shift was part of a trend towards the slowing down of the empire's expansion, such expansion being not closed after him (the Empire greatest extent being achieved only during the Severan dynasty), but a significant step in this direction, given the empire's overstretching."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "Some sources describe Hadrian's occasional recourse to a network of informers, the frumentarii to discreetly investigate persons of high social standing, including senators and his close friends."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "According to the Historia Augusta, Hadrian informed the Senate of his accession in a letter as a fait accompli, explaining that \"the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor\"."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities | Antinous", "text": "Local coins with his effigy were still being struck during Caracalla's reign, and he was invoked in a poem to celebrate the accession of Diocletian."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Greece (124\u2013125)", "text": "He had a particular commitment to Athens, which had previously granted him citizenship and an archonate; at the Athenians' request, he revised their constitution \u2013 among other things, he added a new phyle (tribe), which was named after him."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities | Antinous", "text": "It was a proper Greek polis; it was granted an Imperially subsidised alimentary scheme similar to Trajan's alimenta, and its citizens were allowed intermarriage with members of the native population, without loss of citizen-status."}, {"section_header": "Public service | Relationship with Trajan and his family", "text": "Late in Trajan's reign, Hadrian failed to achieve a senior consulship, being only suffect consul for 108; this gave him parity of status with other members of the senatorial nobility, but no particular distinction befitting an heir designate."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Fronto later blamed Hadrian for declining standards in the Roman army of his own time."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities | Christians", "text": "Hadrian continued Trajan's policy on Christians; they should not be sought out, and should only be prosecuted for specific offences, such as refusal to swear oaths."}], "text": "Hadrian believed that citizens who believed in Jesus should not be investigated for that belief alone, which was a progressive sort of thing to advocate, at the time.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "He commissioned a bronze memorial from the sculptor Antenor in honor of the lovers and tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton, whom Hippias had executed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "After this victory, Cleisthenes began to reform the government of Athens."}], "id": "AdKkSWl5wctY7e9eUEMO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleisthenes (; Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Kleisth\u00e9n\u0113s) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "One later ancient author records that Cleisthenes himself was the first person to be ostracized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleomenes intervened in 508 and 506 BC, but could not stop Cleisthenes, now supported by the Athenians."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes also abolished patronymics in favour of demonymics (a name given according to the deme to which one belongs), thus increasing Athenians' sense of belonging to a deme."}, {"section_header": "Attempt to obtain Persian support (507 BC)", "text": "Artaphernes also advised the Athenians that they should receive back the Athenian tyrant Hippias."}, {"section_header": "Attempt to obtain Persian support (507 BC)", "text": "After that, the Athenians sent to bring back Cleisthenes and the seven hundred households banished by Cleomenes; then they despatched envoys to Sardis, desiring to make an alliance with the Persians; for they knew that they had provoked the Lacedaemonians and Cleomenes to war."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was also credited with increasing the power of the Athenian citizens' assembly and for reducing the power of the nobility over Athenian politics."}, {"section_header": "Attempt to obtain Persian support (507 BC)", "text": "In 507 BC, during the time Cleisthenes was leading Athenian politics, and probably at his instigation, democratic Athens sent an embassy to Artaphernes, brother of Darius I and Achaemenid Satrap of Asia Minor in the capital of Sardis, looking for Persian assistance in order to resist the threats from Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "After this victory, Cleisthenes began to reform the government of Athens."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "He commissioned a bronze memorial from the sculptor Antenor in honor of the lovers and tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton, whom Hippias had executed."}], "text": "Cleisthenes, an ancient Athenian lawgiver, had a big sculpture made.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cleisthenes"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Geography and environment", "text": "The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is 22,072 square kilometers (8,522 sq mi), and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is 27,799 square kilometers (10,733 sq mi).Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north."}], "id": "Afb0IOJ9G2u0mozFRSm5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Geography and environment", "text": "The Israeli coastal plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to most of the nation's population."}, {"section_header": "History | Further conflict and peace process", "text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road massacre."}, {"section_header": "Geography and environment", "text": "The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is 22,072 square kilometers (8,522 sq mi), and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is 27,799 square kilometers (10,733 sq mi).Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Israeli-occupied territories", "text": "The land itself is not considered part of Israel under Israeli law, as Israel has consciously refrained from annexing the territory, without ever relinquishing its legal claim to the land or defining a border with the area."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "Since 1964, Arab countries, concerned over Israeli plans to divert waters of the Jordan River into the coastal plain, had been trying to divert the headwaters to deprive Israel of water resources, provoking tensions between Israel on the one hand, and Syria and Lebanon on the other."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "In July 1976, an airliner was hijacked during its flight from Israel to France by Palestinian guerrillas and landed at Entebbe, Uganda."}, {"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate", "text": "The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have a desert climate with very hot, dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain."}, {"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate", "text": "At the other extreme, mountainous regions can be windy and cold, and areas at elevation of 750 metres (2,460 ft) or more (same elevation as Jerusalem) will usually receive at least one snowfall each year."}, {"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate", "text": "Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively."}], "text": "Israel has mountains, desert, and coastal lands.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "During the last year of the war, Sweden began to play a role in humanitarian efforts, and many refugees, among them several thousand Jews from Nazi-occupied Europe, were rescued thanks to the Swedish rescue missions to internment camps and partly because Sweden served as a haven for refugees, primarily from the Nordic countries and the Baltic states."}], "id": "AgmDk5wJOFJdmhBmY1oA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "As in the First World War, Sweden remained officially neutral during World War II, although its neutrality during World War II has been disputed."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "During the last year of the war, Sweden began to play a role in humanitarian efforts, and many refugees, among them several thousand Jews from Nazi-occupied Europe, were rescued thanks to the Swedish rescue missions to internment camps and partly because Sweden served as a haven for refugees, primarily from the Nordic countries and the Baltic states."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "However, Sweden supported Norwegian resistance against Germany, and in 1943 helped rescue Danish Jews from deportation to Nazi concentration camps."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden also supplied steel and machined parts to Germany throughout the war."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Nevertheless, both Swedes and others have argued that Sweden could have done more to oppose the Nazis' war efforts, even if it meant increasing the risk of occupation."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden was officially neutral during World War I, although, under German pressure, they did take steps which were detrimental to the Allied powers including mining the \u00d8resund channel, thus closing it to Allied shipping, and allowing the Germans to use Swedish facilities and the Swedish cipher to transmit secret messages to their overseas embassies."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden was under German influence for much of the war, as ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden also allowed volunteers to fight for the White Guards alongside the Germans against the Red Guards and Russians in the Finnish Civil War, and briefly occupied the \u00c5land Islands in co-operation with Germany."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "The Swedish government felt that it was in no position to openly contest Germany, and therefore made some concessions."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration", "text": "Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of Sweden, and in recent centuries the country has been transformed from a nation of net emigration, ending after World War I, to a nation of net immigration, from World War II onwards."}], "text": "Sweden played a major role in World War II and fought with the Nazis because of their close relationship with Germany.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}], "id": "Anmti4tlgq4YkdXJ7qNp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008.The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "However, before he can do anything, Martin takes Blomkvist prisoner, revealing that Gottfried \"initiated\" him into the ritual rape and murder of women before his own death, and implies that Gottfried sexually abused both him and Harriet."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The Guardian ranked The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo #98 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Publication details", "text": "August 2005, Swedish: Norstedts (ISBN 978-91-1-301408-1), paperback (poss 1st edition) 10 January 2008, UK: MacLehose Press/Quercus Imprint (ISBN 978-1-84724-253-2), hardback (translated as The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo by Reg Keeland) 16 September 2008, US: Alfred A. Knopf (ISBN 978-0-307-26975-1), hardback"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}], "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo was made public a few years before its author's death.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Huneefa \u2013 a sorceress who performs a devil invocation ritual to protect Kim E.23 \u2013 a spy for the British whom Kim helps avoid capture"}], "id": "ApEAlmOQrin6Y37i75Mb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Landmarks", "text": "The Grenadier Guards of the British Army also have a Tactical Recognition Flash depicting a black bull with red hooves on a green background."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Tim Powers' 2001 novel Declare uses Kim for inspiration and epigraphs."}, {"section_header": "Critical assessment", "text": "a reissue of the novel in 1959 by Macmillan, the reviewer opines \" Kim is a book worked at three levels."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Peopled with fakirs, street vendors and wealthy elites, the beginning of the novel parallels Kim in many ways."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Kim No. 78 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Poul Anderson's 1985 novel Game of Empire, the last of his Dominic Flandry series, is loosely modeled on Kim, with the plot transferred to a science fictional setting."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Steven Gould's 2011 novel 7th Sigma is heavily based on Kim, featuring a young boy named Kim who is raised by a martial arts teacher and becomes involved in intelligence work, eventually becoming a trained agent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel is notable for its detailed portrait of the people, culture, and varied religions of India."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Kim's trip with the lama along the Grand Trunk Road is the first great adventure in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Huneefa \u2013 a sorceress who performs a devil invocation ritual to protect Kim E.23 \u2013 a spy for the British whom Kim helps avoid capture"}], "text": "In the novel Kim, there is a witch who dabbles in black magic.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kim (novel)"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham's women's team was founded in 1985 as Broxbourne Ladies."}], "id": "ApVUgbGoRaaZoYOeLbRq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019\u201320 season."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham's women's team was founded in 1985 as Broxbourne Ladies."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "May 2019 Tottenham Hotspur Ladies won promotion to the FA Women's Super League with a 1\u20131 draw at Aston Villa, which confirmed they would finish second in the Championship."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "Construction started in 2016, and the new stadium was scheduled to open during the 2018\u201319 season."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They won promotion after topping the league in 2007\u201308."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "In the 2016\u201317 season they won the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division and a subsequent playoff, gaining promotion to the FA Women's Super League 2.On 1"}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}, {"section_header": "History | Burkinshaw to Venables (1974\u20131992)", "text": "Debt at the club would again lead to a change in the boardroom, and Terry Venables teamed up with businessman Alan Sugar in June 1991 to take control of Tottenham Hotspur plc."}], "text": "Tottenham's Broxbourne Ladies started in 2016 and eventually changed their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a Quaker, and his father converted from Methodism to the Quaker faith."}], "id": "Arno64z6A5sh9Hw3Um2m", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"Some historians say Nixon's Southern Strategy turned the Southern United States into a Republican stronghold, while others deem economic factors more important in the change."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Soviet Union", "text": "Through employment of linkage, they hoped to change the nature and course of U.S. foreign policy, including U.S. nuclear disarmament and arms control policy, and to separate them from those practiced by Nixon's predecessors."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In a 2011 paper on Nixon and the environment, historian Paul Charles Milazzo points to Nixon's creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and to his enforcement of legislation such as the 1973 Endangered Species Act, stating that \"though unsought and unacknowledged, Richard Nixon's environmental legacy is secure\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had ruled in medieval or legendary Britain; Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart."}, {"section_header": "Books", "text": "Nixon, Richard M. (1978) RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-70741-8"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Richard was twelve years old when a spot was found on his lung."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary education", "text": "Nevertheless, Richard graduated from Whittier High third in his class of 207."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "Her funeral services were held on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "Richard Nixon was buried beside his wife Pat on the grounds of the Nixon Library."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary education", "text": "Richard attended East Whittier Elementary School, where he was president of his eighth-grade class."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a Quaker, and his father converted from Methodism to the Quaker faith."}], "text": "Richard Nixon's daddy did change his religion.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}], "id": "AtBtMDOnXxuffvumdQ4B", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Traci Peterson notes that, in an era when professional athletes lacked free agency, the White Sox's formidable players had little choice but to accept Comiskey's substandard wages."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "He ultimately supported baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis' decision to ban the implicated White Sox players from further participation in professional baseball, knowing full well that Landis' action would permanently sideline the core of his team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "She writes: \"Charles Risberg and Claude Williams made less than  $3,000 a year ($44,240 today)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Comiskey's son J. Louis inherited the team but died a few years later."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "In one incident, he promised his players a bonus for winning the 1919 pennant \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Indeed, the White Sox promptly tumbled into seventh place and would not be a factor in a pennant race again until 1936, five years after Comiskey's death, and did not win another pennant until 1959."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "He lost popularity with his players, whose views of him became hateful, seen as a factor in the Black Sox scandal, when eight players on the AL champions conspired to \"throw\" the 1919 World Series to the NL champion Cincinnati Reds."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}], "text": "Charles Comiskey's father was a professional baseball player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "On the west coast of County Mayo Christy Mahon stumbles into Flaherty's tavern."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "There he claims that he is on the run because he killed his own father by driving a loy into his head."}], "id": "Aw4NsToc5zcbJWzdDGeW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Pegeen laments betraying and losing Christy: \"I've lost the only playboy of the western world.\" Riots occurred in January 1907 during and following the opening performance of the play."}, {"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "I've lost the only Playboy of the Western World.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Christy Mahon, a man who brags he has killed his father Old Mahon, Christy's father, a squatter Michael James Flaherty, a publican Margaret Flaherty, called Pegeen Mike, Michael's daughter, and the bar-maid Shawn Keogh,  a young man who loves Pegeen Widow Quin, a widow of about thirty"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "In June 2018, a new feature-length film production entitled Christy Mahon - Playboy of the Western World was registered by Swiss producers on IMDB."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The locals are more interested in vicariously enjoying his story than in condemning the immorality of his murderous deed, and in fact, Christy's tale  captures the romantic attention of the bar-maid Pegeen Mike, the daughter of Flaherty."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It tells the story of Christy Mahon, a young man running away from his farm, claiming he killed his father."}, {"section_header": "Performances", "text": "Set in a suburb of West Dublin, it tells the story of Christopher Malomo, a Nigerian refugee who claims to have killed his father with a pestle."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "The play attracted controversy when a member of the audience complained about the shortness of the skirt worn by Sha Sha, playing the Sarah Tansey character."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "As Christy and his father leave to wander the world, having reconciled, Shawn suggests he and Pegeen get married soon, but she spurns him."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "On the west coast of County Mayo Christy Mahon stumbles into Flaherty's tavern."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "There he claims that he is on the run because he killed his own father by driving a loy into his head."}], "text": "The play The Playboy of the Western World opens with the lead character telling people in bar that he murdered his father with a spade.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Playboy of the Western World"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."}], "id": "B256Cg4btKp3Wblddj80", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The composer William Bolcom completed a setting of the entire collection of poems in 1984."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "The Huntington Library and Art Gallery in San Marino, California, published a small facsimile edition in 1975 that included sixteen plates reproduced from two copies of Songs of Innocence and of Experience in their collection, with an introduction by James Thorpe."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."}], "text": "The collection of illustrated poems by William Blake, Songs of Innocence and Experience, includes over 200 works.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 1042: Edward the Confessor starts rebuilding St Peter's Abbey", "text": "It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style."}], "id": "B2i2ZsMeS89EEWxcPwq4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chapter house", "text": "It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction of the present church", "text": "None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster."}, {"section_header": "History | 1042: Edward the Confessor starts rebuilding St Peter's Abbey", "text": "It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-war", "text": "A new Gothic access tower with lift was designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean."}, {"section_header": "Schools", "text": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey."}, {"section_header": "Museum", "text": "The Westminster Abbey Museum was located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "History | 1042: Edward the Confessor starts rebuilding St Peter's Abbey", "text": "The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry."}, {"section_header": "Chapter house", "text": "The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster."}, {"section_header": "Dean and Chapter", "text": "Royal weddings have included: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth"}], "text": "Westminster Abbey has a Gothic style facade.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Westminster Abbey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}], "id": "B6NlqwdVlOSYaYb1iL1O", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "The play attracted controversy when a member of the audience complained about the shortness of the skirt worn by Sha Sha, playing the Sarah Tansey character."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "Following the complaint, the play was attended by two policemen."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "The fact that the play was based on a story of apparent patricide also attracted a hostile public reaction."}, {"section_header": "Performances", "text": "In September 2007, the play returned to the Abbey in a modern adaptation by Bisi Adigun and Roddy Doyle."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "A 1962 film version of the play was produced in Ireland, with the screenplay by writer-director Brian Desmond Hurst."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "The producers procured a print of the play from a notebook version of the text published in 1912 and upon which they based their screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "In 2006, a Mandarin Chinese version of the play set in a hairdressers shop in a Beijing suburb was performed at the Beijing Oriental Theatre."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "The riots were stirred up by Irish nationalists and republicans who viewed the contents of the play as an offence to public morals and an insult against Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Is this to be the recurring celebration of the arrival of Irish genius?\" In the 1965 film Young Cassidy, a riot occurs during a play by the fictitious playwright Cassidy, following which the character Yeats refers to Synge and speaks similar words, starting with \"You have disgraced yourselves again.\" The production of Synge's play met with more disturbances in the United States in 1911."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play is best known for its use of the poetic, evocative language of Hiberno-English, heavily influenced by the Irish language, as Synge celebrates the lyrical speech of the Irish."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}], "text": "The play is in 3 parts.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Playboy of the Western World"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum", "text": "In empty space, the photon moves at c (the speed of light) and"}], "id": "BEbo1qTkayQ4eUh7ki9q", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Photons are massless, and they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299792458 m/s."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "If the photon is not a strictly massless particle, it would not move at the exact speed of light, c, in vacuum."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum", "text": "Because photons always move at the speed of light, the spin is best expressed in terms of the component measured along its direction of motion, its helicity, which must be \u00b1\u0127."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum", "text": "In empty space, the photon moves at c (the speed of light) and"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photon is a type of elementary particle."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "Relativity would be unaffected by this; the so-called speed of light, c, would then not be the actual speed at which light moves, but a constant of nature which is the upper bound on speed that any object could theoretically attain in spacetime."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum", "text": "The spin angular momentum of light of a particular photon is always either +\u0127 or \u2212\u0127."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave\u2013particle duality, their behavior featuring properties of both waves and particles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime."}, {"section_header": "In matter", "text": "Light that travels through transparent matter does so at a lower speed than c, the speed of light in a vacuum."}], "text": "Photon, an elementary particle, moves at the speed of light always.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Photon"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that Petty had died accidentally from mixed drug toxicity, a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam (both sedatives); and citalopram (an antidepressant).In a statement on his official website , Petty's wife and daughter said he had multiple medical problems, including emphysema, knee difficulties \"and most significantly a fractured hip\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1988\u20131991: Traveling Wilburys and solo career", "text": "In 1988, Petty joined George Harrison's group, the Traveling Wilburys, which also included Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Jeff Lynne."}], "id": "BFbuV85I708NnvYDRTR9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "An Ogeechee lime tree that he purportedly planted while employed at the university is now called the Tom Petty tree (Petty stated that he did not recall planting any trees)."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "This so-called \"superstar pricing\" was $1.00 more than the usual list price of $8.98."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Shortly after embracing his musical aspirations, Petty started a band known as the Epics, later to evolve into Mudcrutch."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "No. 40 after the band toured in the United Kingdom in support of Nils Lofgren."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1988\u20131991: Traveling Wilburys and solo career", "text": "In 1988, Petty joined George Harrison's group, the Traveling Wilburys, which also included Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Jeff Lynne."}, {"section_header": "Discography | with the Traveling Wilburys", "text": "Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) You're Gonna Get It! (1978) Damn the Torpedoes (1979) Hard Promises (1981) Long After Dark (1982) Southern Accents (1985) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) You're Gonna Get It! (1978) Damn the Torpedoes (1979) Hard Promises (1981) Long After Dark (1982) Southern Accents (1985) Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (1987) Into the Great Wide Open (1991) Songs and Music from \"She's the One\" (1996) Echo (1999) The Last DJ (2002) Mojo (2010) Hypnotic Eye (2014) An American Treasure (2018) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) You're Gonna Get It! (1978) Damn the Torpedoes (1979) Hard Promises (1981) Long After Dark (1982) Southern Accents (1985) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) Full Moon Fever (1989) Wildflowers (1994) Highway Companion (2006) Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976) You're Gonna Get It! (1978) Damn the Torpedoes (1979) Hard Promises (1981) Long After Dark (1982) Southern Accents (1985) Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (1987) Into the Great Wide Open (1991) Songs and Music from \"She's the One\" (1996) Echo (1999) The Last DJ (2002) Mojo (2010) Hypnotic Eye (2014) An American Treasure (2018) Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 (1988) Traveling Wilburys Vol."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "In 1985, the band participated in Live Aid, playing four songs at John F. Kennedy Stadium, in Philadelphia."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers joined him on his True Confessions Tour."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The band included future Heartbreakers Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench and was popular in Gainesville, but their recordings went unnoticed by a mainstream audience."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1988\u20131991: Traveling Wilburys and solo career", "text": "The album was named Vol. 3 as a response to a series of bootlegged studio sessions being sold as Travelling Wilburys Vol."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that Petty had died accidentally from mixed drug toxicity, a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam (both sedatives); and citalopram (an antidepressant).In a statement on his official website , Petty's wife and daughter said he had multiple medical problems, including emphysema, knee difficulties \"and most significantly a fractured hip\"."}], "text": "Tom Petty was in an all-star band called the Whistling Travelers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Petty"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean."}], "id": "BIZS58QrTzIj12fXbSh3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Because Ralph appears responsible for bringing all the survivors together, he immediately commands some authority over the other boys and is quickly elected their \"chief\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ralph is optimistic, believing that grownups will come to rescue them"}, {"section_header": "Influence | Television", "text": "The episode is about Bart Simpson and his class getting stuck on an island and trying to form a society."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The semblance of order quickly deteriorates as the majority of the boys turn idle; they give little aid in building shelters, spend their time having fun and begin to develop paranoias about the island."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ralph, now deserted by most of his supporters, journeys to Castle Rock to confront Jack and secure the glasses."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The group not only managed to survive for over 15 months but \"had set up a small commune with food garden, hollowed-out tree trunks to store rainwater, a gymnasium with curious weights, a badminton court, chicken pens and a permanent fire, all from handiwork, an old knife blade and much determination\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The boys establish a form of democracy by declaring that whoever holds the conch shall also be able to speak at their formal gatherings and receive the attentive silence of the larger group."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Jack's savages set fire to the forest while Ralph desperately weighs his options for survival."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Any sense of order or safety is permanently eroded when Roger, now sadistic, deliberately drops a boulder from his vantage point above, killing Piggy and shattering the conch."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean."}], "text": "This novel is about a harrowing journey undertaken by a group of boys that get dropped in an orphanage  suddenly when their parents die and then having to come together to survive in the orphanage system.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following a progressive development in Soconusco, they occupied the tropical lowlands of the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco."}], "id": "BLCBuIQOqCbpM1OkLvi7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History of archaeological research", "text": "His description of the object, published several years later after further visits to the site, represents the earliest documented report of an artifact of what is now known as the Olmec culture."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The aspect of the Olmecs most familiar now is their artwork, particularly the aptly named \"colossal heads\"."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research | Etymology", "text": "The name \"Olmec\" means \"rubber people\" in Nahuatl, the language of the Nahuas, and was the Aztec Empire term for the people who lived in the Gulf Lowlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, some 2000 years after the Olmec culture died out."}, {"section_header": "Social and political organization", "text": "These provided evidence of considerable centralization within the Olmec region, first at San Lorenzo and then at La Venta \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Mesoamerican ballgame", "text": "The Olmec are strong candidates for originating the Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent among later cultures of the region and used for recreational and religious purposes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "In this region, the first Mesoamerican civilization emerged and reigned from c. 1400\u2013400 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Village life and diet", "text": "Despite their size and deliberate urban design, which was copied by other centers, San Lorenzo and La Venta were largely ceremonial centers, and the majority of the Olmec lived in villages similar to present-day villages and hamlets in Tabasco and Veracruz."}, {"section_header": "Social and political organization", "text": "Little is directly known about the societal or political structure of Olmec society."}, {"section_header": "Art | Colossal heads", "text": "Once theorized to be ballplayers, it is now generally accepted that these heads are portraits of rulers, perhaps dressed as ballplayers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following a progressive development in Soconusco, they occupied the tropical lowlands of the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco."}], "text": "The Olmecs lived in the region that is now known as Florida.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The son of MLB second baseman Sandy Alomar Sr., Alomar followed in his father's footsteps, signing with the Padres as an amateur free agent in 1985."}], "id": "BSypvRcFYh5a0jAJoeIn", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "In 1985, Alomar signed with the San Diego Padres at age 17, and joined the team's Class-A affiliate, the Charleston Rainbows."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "The following year, playing for the Reno Padres, he won the California League batting title with a .346 average."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "With the Padres, he established himself as a solid hitter and baserunner, and defensively, he displayed excellent lateral range and a powerful arm, often making spectacular plays on ground balls hit deep in the hole between first and second base, and on balls hit up the middle, well behind second base."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar Vel\u00e1zquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [alo\u02c8ma\u027e]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988\u20132004)."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "Alomar made his major league debut on April 22, 1988 against the Houston Astros, recording a hit in his first at bat, off of Nolan Ryan."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "He became an All-Star for the first time in 1990, as a reserve player for the National League."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Growing up, Alomar idolized his father and Jos\u00e9 Cruz, both of whom were All-Star players."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": ", Henry Aaron was the other.\" He became only the third Puerto Rican to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, after Roberto Clemente and Orlando Cepeda, and has since been joined by Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez and Edgar Mart\u00ednez."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles", "text": "Alomar appeared in the playoffs in 1996 and 1997 for the Orioles, hitting a series-winning home run in Game 4 of the 1996 American League Division Series (ALDS), although the Orioles were defeated in the ALCS both years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The son of MLB second baseman Sandy Alomar Sr., Alomar followed in his father's footsteps, signing with the Padres as an amateur free agent in 1985."}], "text": "Roberto Alomar and his dad both played for the San Diego Padres.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Roberto Alomar"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi."}], "id": "BTNVxHcrabInKEM36qWD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "During his career, Ronaldo has also been described as having an \"arrogant image\" on the pitch, with Ronaldo stating that he had become a \"victim\" because of how he was portrayed in the media."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Comparisons to Lionel Messi", "text": "but I've never fought with Cristiano\"."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "In 2007, C.D. Nacional renamed its youth campus Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol (Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus)."}, {"section_header": "Honours", "text": "La Liga Best Player: La Liga Best Player: 2013\u201314 La Liga"}, {"section_header": "Club career | Real Madrid | 2017\u201318: Fifth Champions League title and fifth Ballon d'Or", "text": "Madrid also became the first team to win back-to-back finals in the Champions League era."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Manchester United | 2007\u201308: Collective and individual success", "text": "FIFA president Sepp Blatter asserted that the player should be allowed to leave his club, describing the situation as \"modern slavery\"."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Style of play", "text": "This unique role has been described by pundits as that of a \"false,\" \"attacking,\" or \"goalscoring winger,\" as Ronaldo effectively almost functioned as a striker at times with his central runs into the penalty area, despite actually playing on the left flank."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Comparisons to Lionel Messi", "text": "Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits of both players in an attempt to argue who they believe is the best player in modern football."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Manchester United | 2003\u201307: Development and breakthrough", "text": "Ronaldo scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free-kick in a 3\u20130 win over Portsmouth on 1 November."}], "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo has been described as 1 of the best soccer players of his era.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cristiano Ronaldo"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She once more warns the daughters of Jerusalem against waking love until it is ready."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The section closes with the woman telling the daughters of Jerusalem not to stir up love such as hers until it is ready."}], "id": "BU6ayZoVBHsPOzFFVrHG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Solomon is mentioned by name, and the daughters of Jerusalem are invited to come out and see the spectacle."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the \"Song of Solomon\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The two are in harmony, each desiring the other and rejoicing in sexual intimacy; the women of Jerusalem form a chorus to the lovers, functioning as an audience whose participation in the lovers' erotic encounters facilitates the participation of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The woman tells the daughters of Jerusalem of another dream."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She searched through the streets again, but this time she failed to find him and the watchmen, who had helped her before, now beat her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She summons her lover, using the language used before: he should come \"like a gazelle or a young stag upon the mountain of spices\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The section closes with the woman telling the daughters of Jerusalem not to stir up love such as hers until it is ready."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She asks the daughters of Jerusalem to help her find him, and describes his physical good looks."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem proper begins with the woman's expression of desire for her lover and her self-description to the \"daughters of Jerusalem\": she insists on her sun-born blackness, likening it to the \"tents of Kedar\" (nomads) and the \"curtains of Solomon\"."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "This symbolizes the Jewish people, and in the body, the female form, identified with the woman in Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She once more warns the daughters of Jerusalem against waking love until it is ready."}], "text": "In the Song of Solomon, the female lover tells the women of Jerusalem to go out and find some boyfriends before they are too old to appreciate romance.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "On 31 August 1997, Diana died in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris while the driver was fleeing the paparazzi."}], "id": "BWy2Sovunt3DMFJruoGs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death | Tribute, funeral, and burial", "text": "Mother Teresa had died the same week as Diana."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Princess Diana Memorial Austria is the first memorial dedicated to Diana, Princess of Wales, in a German-speaking country."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens, London"}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "She is still sometimes referred to in the media as \"Lady Diana Spencer\" or simply as \"Lady Di\"."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Divorce", "text": "Diana lost the style \"Her Royal Highness\" and instead was styled Diana, Princess of Wales."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The English text on souvenir sheets issued reads \"DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES"}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Rosa 'Princess of Wales', a white blend rose cultivar, is named in honour of Diana."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "He found that although she had suffered severe bruising, the foetus was uninjured."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas", "text": "The Diana Princess of Wales Health Education and Media Centre in Noida, India, was opened in her honour in November 1999, funded by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to give social support to the people affected by leprosy and disability."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "On 31 August 1997, Diana died in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris while the driver was fleeing the paparazzi."}], "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales was found died from an overdose.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Tourism", "text": "Germany is the ninth most visited country in the world as of 2017, with 37.4 million visits."}], "id": "BaF8Q1WOUCsXTXC7tAjU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure", "text": "The Port of Hamburg is one of the top twenty largest container ports in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Tourism", "text": "Germany is the ninth most visited country in the world as of 2017, with 37.4 million visits."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Sebastian Vettel is also among the top five most successful Formula One drivers of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Known for its long and rich cultural history, Germany has many World Heritage sites and is among the top tourism destinations in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "In 2017, the country accounted for 28% of the Eurozone economy according to the International Monetary Fund."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "The German men's national football team won the FIFA World Cup in 1954, 1974, 1990, and 2014, the UEFA European Championship in 1972, 1980 and 1996, and the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2017.Germany is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Being home to the modern car, the automotive industry in Germany is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world, and is the fourth largest by production."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 62nd largest in the world."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, rising to 83.1 million as of 2019, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the 19th most populous country in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Tourism", "text": "Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over \u20ac105.3 billion to German GDP."}], "text": "In 2017, Germany was one of the top ten travelled countries in the world.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Germany"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (European Portuguese: [k\u027ei\u0283\u02c8tj\u0250nu \u0281\u0254\u02c8na\u026bdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He is the fourth and youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Viveiros da Aveiro (b. 1954), a cook, and Jos\u00e9 Dinis Aveiro (1953\u20132005), a municipal gardener and part-time kit man."}], "id": "Bahf2vIDvW6y8w7B2VRP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ronaldo grew up in a Catholic and impoverished home, sharing a room with all his siblings."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "In 2007, C.D. Nacional renamed its youth campus Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol (Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus)."}, {"section_header": "International career | 2012\u201316: All-time Portugal top scorer and European champion", "text": "Ronaldo later commented: \"If we had two or three Cristiano Ronaldos in the team I would feel more comfortable."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Comparisons to Lionel Messi", "text": "but I've never fought with Cristiano\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He is the fourth and youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Viveiros da Aveiro (b. 1954), a cook, and Jos\u00e9 Dinis Aveiro (1953\u20132005), a municipal gardener and part-time kit man."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Real Madrid | 2013\u201315: Consecutive FIFA Ballon d'Or wins and La D\u00e9cima", "text": "A last-minute, back-heeled volley scored against Valencia on 4 May (his 50th goal in all competitions) was recognised as the best goal of the season by the Liga de F\u00fatbol Profesional, which additionally named Ronaldo the Best Player in La Liga."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo: The World at His Feet, a documentary narrated by the actor Benedict Cumberbatch, was released via Vimeo in June 2014."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Family, children and relationships", "text": "Ronaldo has four children. He first became a father to a son, Cristiano Jr., born on 17 June 2010 in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "On 23 July 2016, following Portugal's triumph at Euro 2016, Madeira Airport in Funchal was renamed as Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was born in S\u00e3o Pedro, Funchal, on the Portuguese island of Madeira, and grew up in Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Funchal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (European Portuguese: [k\u027ei\u0283\u02c8tj\u0250nu \u0281\u0254\u02c8na\u026bdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team."}], "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo is the 2nd youngest of his 4 siblings.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Cristiano Ronaldo"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19:20: \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" The main characters of the play are George and Maggie Antrobus (from Greek: \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (anthropos), \"human\" or \"person\"), their two children, Henry and Gladys, and Sabina, who appears as the family's maid in the first and third acts, and as a beauty queen temptress in the second act."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."}], "id": "Bcl0zICw1McjM7ytTCP5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influences and criticism", "text": "Norman Cousins, editor of the Review, printed a short article by Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson titled \"The Skin of Whose Teeth?"}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19:20: \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" The main characters of the play are George and Maggie Antrobus (from Greek: \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (anthropos), \"human\" or \"person\"), their two children, Henry and Gladys, and Sabina, who appears as the family's maid in the first and third acts, and as a beauty queen temptress in the second act."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "She also says: \"Don't forget that a few years ago we came through the depression by the skin of our teeth!"}, {"section_header": "Influences and criticism", "text": "I went to see Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth, which was the big Broadway hit at the time... all I heard was Finnegans Wake."}, {"section_header": "Notable productions", "text": "So I said, \"I think we should write a letter to the New York Times.\" Campbell claimed to have compared Finnegans Wake and the book form of The Skin of Our Teeth and found \"nearly two hundred and fifty analogues\u2014characters, themes, and finally a four-line, word-for-word quote.\" In 2017, Theatre for a New Audience performed The Skin of Our Teeth directed by Arin Arbus."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Act I", "text": "There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "This is a story from the Bible, in which Cain, the son of Adam, murders his brother Abel after God favors Abel over Cain regarding gifts."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Sabina's stock-maid monologue begins and ends the play in the same way; this \"stage-play\" goes on and on."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The murder of Abel is an underlying theme in the play."}], "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play where it gets it title from a bible.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Skin of Our Teeth"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards", "text": "it almost crackles with blue sparks, a book so drenched with fierce emotion, narrative pace and poetic imagery that its stature as a 'readin' book', as some of its characters would call it, dwarfs that of most current publications.\" Robert Penn Warren's novel was the winner of the 1947 Pulitzer Prize."}], "id": "BfTOj8qadhKIIjCn1NIB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "it almost crackles with blue sparks, a book so drenched with fierce emotion, narrative pace and poetic imagery that its stature as a 'readin' book', as some of its characters would call it, dwarfs that of most current publications.\" Robert Penn Warren's novel was the winner of the 1947 Pulitzer Prize."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Warren claimed that All the King's Men was \"never intended to be a book about politics\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Nevertheless, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men is magnificently vital reading, a book so charged with dramatic tension"}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Willie Stark", "text": "Huey Long was at the zenith of his career when he was assassinated in 1935; just a year earlier, Robert Penn Warren had begun teaching at Louisiana State University."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "\"The novel evolved from a verse play that Warren began writing in 1936 entitled Proud Flesh."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "A Soviet TV adaptation named Vsya Korolevskaya Rat' (All the King's Men) was produced in 1971 by Byelorussian TV."}], "text": "In 1947, Robert Warren received a Pulitzer Prize for the novel All the King's Men.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "All the King's Men"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Place of birth", "text": "Charlemagne's exact birthplace is unknown, although historians have suggested Aachen in modern-day Germany, and Li\u00e8ge (Herstal) in present-day Belgium as possible locations."}], "id": "BftBoyuX6NWeGTjHjNEY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage."}, {"section_header": "Cultural uses | Middle Ages", "text": "Charlemagne was a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies who enjoyed an important legacy in European culture."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Date of birth", "text": "This date supports the concept that Charlemagne was technically an illegitimate child, although that is not mentioned by Einhard in either since he was born out of wedlock; Pepin and Bertrada were bound by a private contract or Friedelehe at the time of his birth, but did not marry until 744."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "If born in 742, Charles was 26 years old, but he had been campaigning at his father's right hand for several years, which may help to account for his military skill."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Avar campaigns", "text": "Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "Towards the end, he dragged one leg."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "Nonetheless, the Pope took the extraordinary step of creating one."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "\"With Charlemagne's coronation, therefore, \"the Roman Empire remained, so far as either of them [Charlemagne and Leo] were concerned, one and indivisible, with Charles as its Emperor\", though there can have been \"little doubt that the coronation, with all that it implied, would be furiously contested in Constantinople\"."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "The office was treated as joint property: one Mayorship held by two brothers jointly."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Place of birth", "text": "Charlemagne's exact birthplace is unknown, although historians have suggested Aachen in modern-day Germany, and Li\u00e8ge (Herstal) in present-day Belgium as possible locations."}], "text": "No one truly knows where Charlemagne was born.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Shakira's debut album, Magia, was recorded with Sony Music Colombia in 1990 when she was only 13 years old."}], "id": "Bq30Q8a4pBxPcXwlztb0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132004: English transition with Laundry Service", "text": "Shakira's fifth studio album and first English language album, titled Laundry Service in English-speaking countries and Servicio De Lavanderia in Latin America and Spain, was released on 13 November 2001."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "After release the first two singles from the album, \"Can't Remember to Forget You\" and \"Empire\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "Shakira originally planned to release her new album in 2012, but due to her pregnancy, plans to release the single and video were postponed."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132004: English transition with Laundry Service", "text": "\"Whenever, Wherever\", called \"Suerte\" in Spanish-speaking countries, was released as the first and lead single from her first English album and fifth studio album throughout the period between August 2001 and February 2002."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Since then, the albums have been pulled from release and are not considered official Shakira albums but rather promotional albums."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "Among the first perfumes it released included \"S by Shakira\" and \"S by Shakira Eau Florale\", along with lotions and body sprays."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "In October 2010, Shakira released her ninth studio album, titled Sale el Sol."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Shakira's debut album, Magia, was recorded with Sony Music Colombia in 1990 when she was only 13 years old."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "By doing so, Shakira became the singer's highest-charting album on the chart, although it also achieved her lowest first-week sales figure (for an English-language album)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1995\u20132000: Latin breakthrough", "text": "Shakira originally recorded the song \"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s Coraz\u00f3n?\" (later released on her album Pies Descalzos) for the compilation album Nuestro Rock in 1994, released exclusively in Colombia."}], "text": "Shakira released her first album when she was 13, which was unsuccessful.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They are one of the most commercially successful and influential bands in popular music history."}], "id": "Bx2cBhWNcrzibuA9ry5X", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Pink Floyd are one of the most commercially successful and influential rock bands of all time."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | Waters' departure and legal battles", "text": "In 2013, Waters said he regretted the lawsuit and had failed to appreciate that the Pink Floyd name had commercial value independent of the band members."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "It was around this time that Jenner suggested they drop the \"Sound\" part of their band name, thus becoming the Pink Floyd."}, {"section_header": "Lyrical themes | Disillusionment, absence, and non-being", "text": "The song illustrates a dysfunctional dynamic between the band and a record label executive who congratulates the group on their current sales success, implying that they are on the same team while revealing that he erroneously believes \"Pink\" is the name of one of the band members."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | Waters' departure and legal battles", "text": "Waters later stated that, by not making new albums, Pink Floyd would be in breach of contract\u2014which would suggest that royalty payments would be suspended\u2014and that the other band members had forced him from the group by threatening to sue him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were one of the first British psychedelia groups, and are credited with influencing genres such as progressive rock and ambient music."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | Waters' departure and legal battles", "text": "He went to the High Court in an effort to dissolve the band and prevent the use of the Pink Floyd name, declaring Pink Floyd \"a spent force"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They are one of the most commercially successful and influential bands in popular music history."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The English rock band Mostly Autumn \"fuse the music of Genesis and Pink Floyd\" in their sound."}], "text": "Pink Floyd was an influential rock group named after the members of the band who were students at the time.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pink Floyd"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}], "id": "C0R6Sn3DenFtXhk0rOoI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him \"frugal\"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "When the scandal broke late in the 1920 season, Comiskey suspended the suspected players, while admitting in the telegram he sent to them that he knew this action cost the White Sox a second straight pennant."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}], "text": "Comiskey was often called \"Senor Key\"", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s success has led to her becoming a cultural icon and earning her the nickname \"Queen Bey\"."}], "id": "C2XzXypGJoNfLIpohooX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA \u2013 the reigning national voice."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and children", "text": "They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 is known for coining popular phrases such as 'put a ring on it,' a euphemism for marriage proposal, '"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonce Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine \u201cTina\u201d Knowles (n\u00e9e Beyonce), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", the group's first number-one single, \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" and \"Say My Name\", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. \" Say My Name\" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s success has led to her becoming a cultural icon and earning her the nickname \"Queen Bey\"."}], "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter is apparently known to some by the alias of \"Queen Bey\".", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University."}], "id": "C3jSn3dmt5I5ICVGXww5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son."}, {"section_header": "Discography | Compilations", "text": "With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "John Williams' piece \"Hello Francis\" is written as a tribute to Bebey: \" The piece is based on the Makossa, a popular dance rhythm from Cameroon often used by Francis, and includes a quote from his piece"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Fire's song, \"Everything Now,\" features a flute part from \"The Coffee Cola Song\" by Francis Bebey."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Francis Bebey was awarded the Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire of the GPLA 2013 for his literary legacy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "Bebey released his first album in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "Bebey helped launch the career of Manu Dibango."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Bebey died in Paris, France, on 28 May 2001."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University."}], "text": "Francis Bebey completed his higher education in Milan.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francis Bebey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.The play is considered one of Shakespeare's \"problem plays\"; a play that poses complex ethical dilemmas that require more than typically simple solutions."}], "id": "CLJI8UTXxzRGtSDjOOCp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well. The New Cambridge Shakespeare (2 ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "That Ends Well have been found."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "No records of the early performances of All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Styan, J. G., Shakespeare in Performance series: All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.The play is considered one of Shakespeare's \"problem plays\"; a play that poses complex ethical dilemmas that require more than typically simple solutions."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles\u2014a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward\u2014as Lafew and the Countess have also said."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "There is no evidence that All's"}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "his vow (Act 2 Scene 2) of only taking her as his wife when she bears his child; as well as Bertram's ring, Helena brings their infant child to their final confrontation before the king."}], "text": "The date of the composition of All's Well That Ends Well is unknown.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All's Well That Ends Well"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}], "id": "CQtuNM6mEwAjIHiZTV48", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "This acclaimed adaptation, like many others, eliminated the second generation's story (young Cathy, Linton and Hareton) and is rather inaccurate as a literary adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "The Bront\u0117s in the World of the Arts."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Having reached the present day, Nelly's tale concludes."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "intent\". While a \"passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel\", Wuthering Heights consistently subverts the romantic narrative."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "Mizumura Minae's A True Novel (Honkaku shosetsu) (2002) is inspired by Wuthering Heights and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "We have had many sad bruises and tumbles in our journey, yet it was interesting, and at length we are safely arrived at a happy conclusion."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "There are several theories about which real building or buildings (if any) may have inspired Wuthering Heights."}], "text": "Many other art forms have been inspired from the novel.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}], "id": "Cap01fW5cjrdK7jYlSHC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "A slick fielder but never much of a hitter, he worked his way up to the Texas League Houston Buffaloes (two steps below the majors) in 1951, though never made it to the big league club."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver claims to have never had a sign for the hit and run,"}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He was the son of Earl Milton Weaver, a dry cleaner who cleaned the uniforms of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns, and Ethel Genevieve Wakefield."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "After playing for Beaumont High School in his hometown, St. Louis, Missouri, the 17-year-old Weaver was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1948 as a second baseman."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "A year later on August 26, 1979, in the third inning of the opener of an Orioles-White Sox doubleheader at Comiskey Park, he ejected Weaver who then publicly questioned Luciano's \"integrity\" and received a three-game suspension."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer, who battled with his manager on a regular basis, once noted: \"The only thing that Earl knows about a curve ball is he couldn't hit it.\" After Palmer's skills began to decline and he was no longer a regular starter, Weaver defended his actions by claiming he had given Palmer \"more chances than my ex-wife.\" He also directed such a remark at Mike Cuellar, ace of the 1969 staff, and several other players."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968\u201382; 1985\u201386)."}, {"section_header": "In media", "text": "1983).In 1987 , Weaver assisted in the development of the AI for the computer game Earl Weaver Baseball, which was published by Electronic Arts."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ABC", "text": "Weaver was the #1 ABC analyst in 1983 (replacing Don Drysdale, who moved over to secondary play-by-play for ABC) but was also employed by the Baltimore Orioles as a consultant."}], "text": "Earl Weaver never played in MLB.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Earl Weaver"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "There are four major metropolitan areas: Gush Dan (Tel Aviv metropolitan area; population 3,854,000), Jerusalem metropolitan area (population 1,253,900), Haifa metropolitan area (population 924,400), and Beersheba metropolitan area (population 377,100).Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with 919,438 residents in an area of 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi)."}], "id": "Cavryj93dfFK261LWmZZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "There are four major metropolitan areas: Gush Dan (Tel Aviv metropolitan area; population 3,854,000), Jerusalem metropolitan area (population 1,253,900), Haifa metropolitan area (population 924,400), and Beersheba metropolitan area (population 377,100).Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with 919,438 residents in an area of 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi)."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as part of the Palestinian territories under Israeli occupation."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "^a This number includes East Jerusalem and West Bank areas, which had a total population of 542,410 inhabitants in 2016."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions", "text": "All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and Northern districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "In all, there are 77 Israeli localities granted \"municipalities\" (or \"city\") status by the Ministry of the Interior, four of which are in the West Bank."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Israeli-occupied territories", "text": "The West Bank excluding East Jerusalem is known in Israeli law as the Judea and Samaria Area; the almost 400,000 Israeli settlers residing in the area are considered part of Israel's population, have Knesset representation, a large part of Israel's civil and criminal laws applied to them, and their output is considered part of Israel's economy."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions", "text": "^a Including over 200,000 Jews and 300,000 Arabs in East Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "Israel has 16 cities with populations over 100,000."}], "text": "Israel has four metropolitan areas, with Jerusalem being the largest municipality, in population and area although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and music career | 1988\u20132003: Early life", "text": "Rihanna has two brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty, and two half-sisters and a half-brother from her father's side, each born to different mothers from his previous relationships."}], "id": "CidGMMD4Dop5D7l8Njud", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and music career | 2011\u20132013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic", "text": "\"Where Have You Been\", the fifth single, successfully charted worldwide, reaching No. 5 in the US"}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2009\u20132011: Rated R and Loud", "text": "On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and for making criminal threats."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and making criminal threats."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2004\u20132006: Beginnings and early releases", "text": "The album reached No. 1 in Canada and No. 5 in the United Kingdom and the United States, where it sold 115,000 copies in its first week."}, {"section_header": "Activism | Philanthropy", "text": "In September 2008, Rihanna contributed to the song \"Just Stand Up!\" with fifteen other female artists, who shared the stage to perform the song live on September 5, 2008, during the \"Stand Up to Cancer\" television special."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2007\u20132008: Breakthrough with Good Girl Gone Bad", "text": ", Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, was released in June 2008 with three new songs: \"Disturbia\", \"Take a Bow\" and the Maroon 5 duet \" If I Never See Your Face Again\", plus"}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2014\u20132017: Standalone releases, Home soundtrack and Anti", "text": "Rihanna was also featured on Drake's \"Too Good\" and"}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "Rihanna has ventured into other businesses and industries."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2014\u20132017: Standalone releases, Home soundtrack and Anti", "text": "Rihanna released several collaborations in 2017."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "According to Rihanna, \"I felt like they were giving me a blueprint."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 1988\u20132003: Early life", "text": "Rihanna has two brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty, and two half-sisters and a half-brother from her father's side, each born to different mothers from his previous relationships."}], "text": "Rihanna has 5 siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "Although usually thought of as a spiritual, the earliest recorded use of the song was as a rallying anthem for the Contrabands at Fort Monroe sometime before July 1862."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "The opening verse, as recorded by Lockwood, is:  Sarah Bradford's authorized biography of Harriet Tubman, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman (1869), quotes Tubman as saying she used \"Go Down Moses\" as one of two code songs fugitive slaves used to communicate when fleeing Maryland."}], "id": "CpKBXxBb1tDO4hKneywS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The usual lyric is actually \"Go down Miss Moses\"."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "William Faulkner titled his novel Go Down, Moses (1942) after the song."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" has sometimes been called \"Let My People Go\" and performed by a variety of musical artists, including RebbeSoul"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is featured in the chorus of the John Craigie song, \"Will Not Fight\" (2009)."}, {"section_header": "Recordings", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" was recorded by the Robert Shaw Chorale on RCA Victor 33 record"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is sung by Pops Staples in the song \"The Weight\" in The Last Waltz film by The Band (1976)."}, {"section_header": "Recordings", "text": "The latter also features on their compilation album The Very Best - Over 10 Years (1993)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, slaves from the Georgia plantation Tara are in Atlanta, to dig breastworks for the soldiers, and they sing \"Go Down, Moses\" as they march down a street."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: \" And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me\", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "The opening verse, as recorded by Lockwood, is:  Sarah Bradford's authorized biography of Harriet Tubman, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman (1869), quotes Tubman as saying she used \"Go Down Moses\" as one of two code songs fugitive slaves used to communicate when fleeing Maryland."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "Although usually thought of as a spiritual, the earliest recorded use of the song was as a rallying anthem for the Contrabands at Fort Monroe sometime before July 1862."}], "text": "Go Down, Moses is a very hold hymn.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Go Down, Moses"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}], "id": "CsdeNl2tvvcMU12ast9f", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 ("}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "The gate was located in the Soviet occupation zone, directly next to the border to the British occupation zone, which later became the border between East and West Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}], "text": "The structure is located in Gemany's capital.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel is notable for its detailed portrait of the people, culture, and varied religions of India."}], "id": "CtRRH4SFcK4sxP2lxPRh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "Tony Haig portrayed Kim, Michael Rennie played Captain Creighton, and Alan Napier played Colonel Devlin."}, {"section_header": "Critical assessment", "text": "\"Nirad C. Chaudhuri considered it the best story (in English) about India itself \u2013 singling out Kipling\u2019s appreciation of the ecological force of \u201cthe twin setting of the mountains and the plain...an unbreakable articulation between the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic plain\u201d."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story unfolds against the backdrop of The Great Game, the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel is notable for its detailed portrait of the people, culture, and varied religions of India."}, {"section_header": "Landmarks", "text": "The formation ensign is still used by a military formation in Ambala Cantonment in India."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Living a vagabond existence in India under British rule in the late 19th century, Kim earns his living by begging and running small errands on the streets of Lahore."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Kim is recommended to him by the protagonist."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Kim delivers the Russian documents to Hurree, and a concerned Mahbub Ali comes to check on Kim."}], "text": "The story, Kim, portrays a realistic image of metropolitan India in the 1900s.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Kim (novel)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states."}], "id": "CttZ0dZT90f6IreRr5oj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Imperial involvement", "text": "These countries had their own internal disputes over whether they should remain tied to London, or have full independence, which carried over into the debate around the sending of forces to assist the war."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | Boers besiege Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberley", "text": "Lastly, over 360 kilometres (220 mi) to the south of Mafeking lay the diamond mining city of Kimberley, which was also subjected to a siege."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis", "text": "The Second Boer War cast long shadows over the history of the South African region."}, {"section_header": "Origins", "text": "Britain's expansionist ideas (notably propagated by Cecil Rhodes) as well as disputes over uitlander political and economic rights resulted in the failed Jameson Raid of 1895."}, {"section_header": "Origins", "text": "In 1866 diamonds were discovered at Kimberley, prompting a diamond rush and a massive influx of foreigners to the borders of the Orange Free State."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | Canada", "text": "Over 7,000 Canadian soldiers and support personnel were involved in the second Boer war from October 1899 to May 1902."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Capture of Pretoria", "text": "British observers believed the war to be all but over after the capture of the two capital cities."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | New Zealand", "text": "The British position in the dispute with the Transvaal was \"moderate and righteous,\" he maintained."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In conventional terms, the war was over."}], "text": "Second Boer War war a dispute over the control of diamonds.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado."}], "id": "Ctw8zYpeubordSjDWrSC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "It was played 9,637 times in one week."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "that\". After 10 years together, Shakira and de la R\u00faa separated in August 2010 in what she described as \"a mutual decision to take time apart from our romantic relationship\"."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In the interview she made her viewpoint very clear: \"What is happening now to them (the gypsies) will happen to our children and our children's children."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "She acted in the Colombian telenovela El Oasis in 1994, playing the character of Luisa Maria."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In 1997, Shakira founded the Pies Descalzos Foundation, a Colombian charity with special schools for poor children all around Colombia."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In November 2010, after performing as the opening act of the MTV European Music Awards, the Colombian singer also received the MTV Free Your Mind award for her continuing dedication to improve access to education for all children around the world."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132004: English transition with Laundry Service", "text": "The tour was also her first worldwide tour, as legs were played in North America, South America, Europe and Asia."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "The World Literacy Foundation announced Shakira as the recipient of the 2020 Global Literacy Award for \"her significant contribution to the improvement of literacy for disadvantaged children around the world."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "On 14 August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Shakira would play a character in the Disney animated movie Zootopia; in it, she would give voice to Gazelle, the biggest pop star in Zootopia."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "On her music, Shakira has said that, \"my music, I think, is a fusion of many different elements."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado."}], "text": "Shakira and her sister played music together as children.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was published posthumously in 1681.This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English."}], "id": "CuAStftsBlmhUoIj0MO6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"To His Coy Mistress\" is a Cavalier poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621\u20131678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649\u201360)."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "Many authors have borrowed the phrase \"World enough and time\" from the poem's opening line to use in their book titles."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "This coyness, Lady, were no crime\"\u2014seems to suggest quite a whimsical tone of regret."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "Annie Finch's \"Coy Mistress\" suggests that poetry is a more fitting use of their time than lovemaking, while A.D. Hope's \"His Coy Mistress to Mr. Marvell\" turns down the offered seduction outright."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "He could spend centuries admiring each part of her body and her resistance to his advances (i.e., coyness) would not discourage him."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "The logical form of the poem runs: if... but... therefore.... Until recently, \"To His Coy Mistress\" had been received by many as a poem that follows the traditional conventions of carpe diem love poetry."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was published posthumously in 1681.This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English."}], "text": "\"To His Coy Mistress\" came out after the author died.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "To His Coy Mistress"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from the area, leaving Katrina to later marry Brom Bones, who was said \"to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related\"."}], "id": "CvYYrGp8vMQGRMZu0Wme", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "They soon realize that someone is taking the original legend too far. '\" The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow\" a retelling of the story by the Smurfs."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "With \"Rip Van Winkle\", \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Subdivision names: Bethel, Connecticut, \"Sleepy Hollow Estates\", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle. Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, \"Sleepy Hollow\", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman. Pearland, Texas, \"Sleepy Hollow\", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Irving's narrator concludes the story, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was \"spirited away by supernatural means\", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Along with Irving's companion piece \"Rip Van Winkle\", \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during Halloween because of a character known as the Headless Horseman believed to be a Hessian soldier who was decapitated by a cannonball in battle."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio", "text": "Bing Crosby recreated his Disney narration in Walt Disney's Ichabod and the Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Decca Records (DAU-725) in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Sleepy Hollow Elementary Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact | Place names", "text": "Fire Station 59 in Artondale, Washington has adopted the nickname of \"Sleepy Hollow\", as the station is located in a remote, quiet subdivision within Pierce County."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from the area, leaving Katrina to later marry Brom Bones, who was said \"to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related\"."}], "text": "At the end of Washington Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Ichabod wakes to realize that it was all a dream.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "The album featured the number-one song \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" and the top-five songs \" If I Were a Boy\" and \"Halo\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States."}], "id": "CzCVeGjYzj9WSMxgw7gl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira \"Beautiful Liar\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album B'Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyonc\u00e9 recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "B'Day won the award for Best Contemporary R&B Album."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained her first US number-one solo single \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\", which topped the charts in most countries."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "To promote the film, Beyonc\u00e9 released \"Listen\" as the lead single from the soundtrack album."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2011\u20132013: 4 and documentary film", "text": "In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, \"Nuclear\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Similarly, she also came up with the phrase \"visual album\" following the release of her fifth studio album, which had a video for every song."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "The album featured the number-one song \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" and the top-five songs \" If I Were a Boy\" and \"Halo\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "B'Day was nominated for five Grammy Awards, including Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"Ring the Alarm\" and Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration\"for \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\"; the Freemasons club mix of \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" without the rap was put forward in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States."}], "text": "The song \"Single Ladies\" was released on Beyonce's B'Day album.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "Sullivan was born in Lambeth, London, the younger of the two children, both boys, of Thomas Sullivan (1805\u20131866) and his wife, Mary Clementina n\u00e9e Coghlan (1811\u20131882)."}], "id": "D169csi1eVR8NovFTHkm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do."}, {"section_header": "Music | Method of composition and text setting", "text": "Sullivan told an interviewer, Arthur Lawrence, \"I don't use the piano in composition \u2013 that would limit me terribly\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1880s", "text": "Gilbert adapted the libretto for Sullivan, who, in gratitude, presented his collaborator with an engraved silver cup inscribed \"W.S. Gilbert from his friend Arthur Sullivan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "In 1895 Sullivan once more provided incidental music for the Lyceum, this time for J. Comyns Carr's King Arthur."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Sullivan enjoyed playing tennis; according to George Grossmith, \"I have seen some bad lawn-tennis players in my time, but I never saw anyone so bad as Arthur Sullivan\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Bertie remained with his Uncle Arthur for the rest of the composer's life."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Posthumous reputation", "text": "\" The work of the Sir Arthur Sullivan Society, founded in 1977, and books about Sullivan by musicians such as Young (1971) and Jacobs (1986) contributed to the re-evaluation of Sullivan's serious music."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "In other words, it will look rather more than odd to see announced in the papers that a new comic opera is in preparation, the book by Mr. W. S. Gilbert and the music by Sir Arthur Sullivan."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Mendelssohn scholar", "text": "He studied piano with William Sterndale Bennett (the future head of the academy) and Arthur O'Leary."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "Sullivan was born in Lambeth, London, the younger of the two children, both boys, of Thomas Sullivan (1805\u20131866) and his wife, Mary Clementina n\u00e9e Coghlan (1811\u20131882)."}], "text": "Arthur Sullivan was the eldest of his siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Through his actions, Joppolo also wins the trust and love of the people."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}], "id": "D1BvZxfILezV0kYUSlFv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Nasta It was in production from early November 1944 to mid-January 1945."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Some of the changes Joppolo brings into the town include:  Democracy"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Through his actions, Joppolo also wins the trust and love of the people."}], "text": "The 1945 film, A Bell for Adano inspires positive emotions as the main character follows his heart and does what is best for his town despite the danger.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}], "id": "D580NfwK4Re7D7Wb6Dar", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "West Berliners gathered on the western side of the gate to demonstrate against the Berlin Wall, among them West Berlin's mayor, Willy Brandt, who had returned from a federal election campaign tour in West Germany earlier the same day."}, {"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "The gate was located in the Soviet occupation zone, directly next to the border to the British occupation zone, which later became the border between East and West Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "On 22 December 1989, the Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when Helmut Kohl, the West German chancellor, walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow, the East German prime minister."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "The wall passed directly by the western side of the gate, which was closed throughout the Berlin Wall period, which ended on 22 December 1989."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve."}], "text": "The Brandenburg Gate is full of history and located in Berlin's western city center south of the German parliament and is known for demonstrators gathered on the west side, which became a border.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album to ever top the chart."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 \u2013 October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor."}], "id": "D66vy1rHKnlawSBxhfGR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Petty died in 2017, one week after the end of the Heartbreakers 40th Anniversary Tour, from an overdose of prescription drugs."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Their eponymous debut album gained minute popularity amongst American audiences, achieving greater success in Britain."}, {"section_header": "Awards and honors", "text": "In October 2018, on what would have been the singer's 68th birthday, the city of Gainesville renamed the former Northeast Park, a park where a young Petty had often visited, as Tom Petty Park."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album to ever top the chart."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers joined him on his True Confessions Tour."}, {"section_header": "Career | Acting", "text": "Petty was also featured in Shandling's other show, The Larry Sanders Show, as one of the Story within a story final guests."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "In September 1979, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers performed at a Musicians United for Safe Energy concert at Madison Square Garden in New York."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "She's the One, starring Cameron Diaz and Jennifer Aniston (see Songs and Music"}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "After Mudcrutch split up, Petty reluctantly agreed to pursue a solo career."}, {"section_header": "Career | Acting", "text": "It's Garry Shandling's Show between 1987 and 1990, playing himself as one of Garry Shandling's neighbors."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 \u2013 October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor."}], "text": "Tom Petty died on his birthday after having a successful career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Petty"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the Buddha."}], "id": "D6OIW6LhBnCh1YFHGms8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The only story in which St. Josaphat appears, Barlaam and Josaphat, is based on the life of the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Renunciation", "text": "On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic that inspired him."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | The 32 Signs", "text": "Later though, they are depicted as being visible by regular people and as inspiring faith in the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Josaphat was included in earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology (feast day 27 November)\u2014though not in the Roman Missal\u2014and in the Eastern Orthodox Church liturgical calendar (26 August)."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "In biographies like the Buddhava\u1e43sa, this path is described as long and arduous, taking \"four incalculable ages\" (asamkheyyas).In these legendary biographies, the bodhisattva goes through many different births (animal and human), is inspired by his meeting of past Buddhas, and then makes a series of resolves or vows (pranidhana) to become a Buddha himself."}], "text": "Budda is inspired the Chirstian Saint Josaphat.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated."}], "id": "D7bxN6VojoX25Ve3luWJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "the Soviets allowed the prisoners."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi and his party were all promptly taken prisoner by the Red Army, who initially did not know who Puyi was."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "The personal translator of the captured emperor, Georgy Permyakov in his memoir Emperor Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "They were both arrested by the Soviets and sent to a prison in Changchun."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "One prisoner told Puyi that the Soviets would keep him in Siberia forever because \"this is the part of the world you come from\"."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She became addicted to opium, and eventually died in a prison in Yanji, Jilin after being arrested by Chinese Communist soldiers."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Puyi did not speak Russian and had limited contacts with his Soviet guards, using a few Manchukuo prisoners who knew Russian as translators."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "In 1950, the Soviets loaded Puyi and the rest of the Manchukuo and Japanese prisoners onto a train that took them to China with Puyi convinced he would be executed when he arrived."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "At the border, there were two lines of soldiers, one Soviet and the other Chinese, and as Puyi walked past, he remembered how the faces of the other prisoners were \"deathly pale\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated."}], "text": "Emperor Puyi died shortly after he was captured by Soviets and taken to a prison in Russia.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that competes in the Premier League."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "On 2 March 1898, the club also became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company."}], "id": "D8IA6PmSPcN2bSjpdC6Z", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "On 2 March 1898, the club also became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "Ownership", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C. became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company Ltd, on 2 March 1898 so as to raise funds for the club and limit the personal liability of its members."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "They were members of the Hotspur Cricket Club and the football club was formed to play sports during the winter months."}, {"section_header": "Ownership", "text": "Fans and institutions alike can now freely buy and trade shares in the company; a court ruling in 1935 involving the club (Berry and Stewart v Tottenham Hotspur FC Ltd) had  previously established a precedent in company law that the directors of a company can refuse the transfer of shares from a shareholder to another person."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that competes in the Premier League."}, {"section_header": "History | Premier League football (1992\u2013present)", "text": "Tottenham was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of the Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association, replacing the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football."}, {"section_header": "Ownership", "text": "In order to bring in funds, Scholar floated Tottenham Hotspur plc, which wholly owns the football club, on the London Stock Exchange in 1983, the first European sports club to be listed in a stock market, and became the first sports company to go public."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}], "text": "The Scottish football club Tottenham Hotspur Football Club started as a group of schoolboys playing together bu it now a company.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine."}], "id": "D9W2Idsx0wWETzNOv5u0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr", "text": "During a recording session for The Beatles in 1968, the two got into an argument over McCartney's critique of Starr's drum part for \"Back in the U.S.S.R.\", which contributed to Starr temporarily leaving the band."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Electric guitar", "text": "During his years with Wings, McCartney tended to leave electric guitar work to other group members, though he played most of the lead guitar on Band on the Run."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "Revolver also included McCartney's \"Eleanor Rigby\", which featured a string octet."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman", "text": "She became a popular photographer with several rock groups, including the Jimi Hendrix Experience, the Grateful Dead, the Doors and the Beatles, whom she first met at Shea Stadium in 1966."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "Except for some backing vocals, the song included only McCartney's lead vocal and the strings arranged by producer George Martin."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "McCartney was leaving an Oxford Street recording studio that evening when he was surrounded by reporters who asked him for his reaction; he responded: \"It's a drag\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at \"about three in the morning"}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "McCartney largely directed the film, which brought the group their first unfavourable critical response."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "McCartney had this to say on the group's formation: \"Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow [the Beatles']"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine."}], "text": "McCartney's follow-up group after leaving the Beatles included his sister-in-law, Stella.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Homosexuality", "text": "Odette's and Albertine's lesbian trysts represent Swann and the narrator's painful exclusion from characters they desire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}], "id": "D9iAsgqbIS3k4URh6izk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way\u2014Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way\u2014Cities of the Plain; The Captive\u2014The Fugitive\u2014Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol."}, {"section_header": "Initial publication", "text": "The Past Recaptured) (1927) is the final volume in Proust's novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "Although cordial with Scott Moncrieff, Proust grudgingly remarked in a letter that Remembrance eliminated the correspondence between Temps perdu and Temps retrouv\u00e9 (Painter, 352)."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Homosexuality", "text": "Odette's and Albertine's lesbian trysts represent Swann and the narrator's painful exclusion from characters they desire."}], "text": "Remembrance of Things Past is a multiple volume novel and has a tryst between two women.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Remembrance of Things Past"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}], "id": "DAIk2dlakB9EWATigCtZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "1924 and 1925 World Series", "text": "In 1924, Goslin established himself as one of the league's top run producers, as he led the American League with 129 RBIs and finished seventh in batting average (.344)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin holds the record for career home runs at Yankee Stadium (1923\u20132008) by a visiting player, with 32."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "In 1939, Goslin became a player-manager for the Trenton Senators of the Interstate League before retiring as a player."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "\" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "The \"G-Men\" lead Detroit to the 1934 and 1935 World Series", "text": "Goslin is one of only three players to be the last hitter of two World Series, having struck out to end the 1925 World Series and won the 1935 World Series with his walk-off RBI single."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "\"I have been lucky\", he said, \"I want to thank God, who gave me the health and strength to compete with these great players."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin rounded the bases with an inside-the-park home run."}], "text": "Goose Goslin was an English professional baseball player who was one of the MBL's top run producers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education | Family and childhood", "text": "Thatcher spent her childhood in Grantham, where her father owned a tobacconist's and a grocery shop."}], "id": "DFw0b6UGbm1I2uen1Ku1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Political impact | Overview", "text": "The houses were sold at a discount of 33\u201355 per cent, leading to large profits for some new owners."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education | Family and childhood", "text": "Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education | Family and childhood", "text": "Margaret, with her pen-friending elder sister Muriel, saved pocket money to help pay for the teenager's journey."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea's Margaret Thatcher Infirmary."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "Her decision provoked a storm of protest from Labour and the press, leading to her being notoriously nicknamed \"Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education | Family and childhood", "text": "Margaret Roberts attended Huntingtower Road Primary School and won a scholarship to Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School, a grammar school."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Political impact | Overview", "text": "The number of adults owning shares rose from 7 per cent to 25 per cent during her tenure, and more than a million families bought their council houses, giving an increase from 55 per cent to 67 per cent in owner occupiers from 1979 to 1990."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs", "text": "Mrs Thatcher's attitude to the Queen was ambivalent."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "Details of Thatcher's funeral had been agreed with her in advance."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "In the US, Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, and was later designated Patron of The Heritage Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education | Family and childhood", "text": "Thatcher spent her childhood in Grantham, where her father owned a tobacconist's and a grocery shop."}], "text": "Margaret Thatcher's daddy was the owner of a convenience store.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "id": "DGHBlFWLeUjHC6FW35fm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719\u20131787) and Anna Maria, n\u00e9e Pertl (1720\u20131778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "He is thought to have performed Mozart's operas while playing in the court orchestra at Bonn and travelled to Vienna in 1787 hoping to study with the older composer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "Mozart would sometimes switch his focus between operas and instrumental music."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He generally called himself \"Wolfgang Amad\u00e8 Mozart\" as an adult, but his name had many variants."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Vienna | 1781: Departure", "text": "I would be so happy if I could whip through my opera for him and then play a fugue or two,"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played together in an impromptu string quartet."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "In his later operas, he employed subtle changes in instrumentation, orchestral texture, and tone colour, for emotional depth and to mark dramatic shifts."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | 1762\u201373: Travel", "text": "During this trip, Wolfgang met many musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other composers."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | 1762\u201373: Travel", "text": "While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had six older siblings that all learned how to play an instrument.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}], "id": "DGcKBzrvz94IFkINEfVb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company has an internal committee of the Chinese Communist Party as well as strategic partnerships with Chinese Communist Party-supported ventures in Beijing and Shanghai."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of November 2018, ByteDance had over 800 million daily active users (over 1 billion accumulated users) across all of its content platforms."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has garnered public attention over allegations that it worked with the Chinese Communist Party to censor and surveil content pertaining to Xinjiang re-education camps and other topics the Party deemed controversial."}, {"section_header": "Lawsuits | Ban on TikTok", "text": "the Indian Government banned TikTok along with 58 Chinese apps including UC Browser, ShareIt, WeChat, Club Factory, CamScanner on June 29, 2020.   =="}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company was valued at $78 billion and is considered one of the most valuable unicorns in the world."}, {"section_header": "Products | Neihan Duanzi", "text": "Following the shutdown, ByteDance announced that it would give preference to Chinese Communist Party members in its hiring and increase its censors from 6,000 to 10,000 employees."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China ordered ByteDance to take down its office collaboration tool called Feishu because it could be used to circumvent internet censorship."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Since 1 June 2020, Mayer has been serving as the CEO of TikTok and the COO of ByteDance, reporting directly to the company CEO Zhang Yiming."}], "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "1930s to 2012 | Hull House Association Closure", "text": "On Friday, January 27, 2012, Hull House closed unexpectedly and all employees received their final paychecks."}], "id": "DL66FG9awcHP13qPsoyB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the mid-1960s, most of the Hull House buildings were demolished for the construction of the University of Illinois-Chicago."}, {"section_header": "1930s to 2012", "text": "The original Hull House building itself is a museum, part of the College of Architecture and the Arts at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is open to the public."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Teachings", "text": "Under the direction of Laura Dainty Pelham their theater group performed the Chicago premiers of several plays by John Galsworthy, Henrik Ibsen, and George Bernard Shaw, and was given credit for founding the American Little Theatre Movement."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named after the original house's first owner Charles Jerald Hull) opened to recently arrived European immigrants."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "Hull House was located in Chicago, Illinois, and took its name from the Italianate mansion built by real estate magnate Charles Jerald Hull (1820\u20131889) at 800 South Halsted Street in 1856."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "Between 1889 and 1935, Addams and Ellen Gates Starr continuously redeveloped the building."}, {"section_header": "Theater", "text": "The auditorium was filled with a multi-ethnic crowd and packed too close for comfort."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "Addams followed the example of Toynbee Hall, which was founded in 1884 in the East End of London as a center for social reform."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "The building was located in what had once been a fashionable part of town, but by 1889, when Addams was searching for a location for her experiment, it had descended into squalor."}, {"section_header": "1930s to 2012 | Hull House Association Closure", "text": "On Friday, January 27, 2012, Hull House closed unexpectedly and all employees received their final paychecks."}], "text": "The Hull House founded in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois closed in 2020.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Hull House"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}], "id": "DLo8RRAn7hLuVo22iwrQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "I've lost the only Playboy of the Western World.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Pegeen laments betraying and losing Christy: \"I've lost the only playboy of the western world.\" Riots occurred in January 1907 during and following the opening performance of the play."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "In June 2018, a new feature-length film production entitled Christy Mahon - Playboy of the Western World was registered by Swiss producers on IMDB."}, {"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "\"Drink a health to the wonders of the western world, the pirates, preachers, poteen-makers, with the jobbing jockies; parching peelers, and the juries fill their stomachs selling judgments of the English law.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "The play was adapted in 1984 by Trinidadian playwright Mustapha Matura, lifted out of turn of the century Ireland and set down in 1950s Trinidad, and retitled Playboy of the West Indies."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "As Christy and his father leave to wander the world, having reconciled, Shawn suggests he and Pegeen get married soon, but she spurns him."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Years later, William Butler Yeats declared to rioters against Se\u00e1n O'Casey's pacifist drama The Plough and the Stars, in reference to the \"Playboy Riots\": \"You have disgraced yourself again."}, {"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "\"A daring fellow is the jewel of the world....\" \u2014Michael Flaherty \"... the blow of a loy, have taught me that there's a great gap between a gallous story and a dirty deed.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "The play attracted controversy when a member of the audience complained about the shortness of the skirt worn by Sha Sha, playing the Sarah Tansey character."}], "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Playboy of the Western World"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital", "text": "Along their way, they encountered Lady Joan, the King's mother, who was travelling back to the capital to avoid being caught up in the revolt; she was mocked but otherwise left unharmed."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital", "text": "The Kentish advance on London appears to have been coordinated with the movement of the rebels in Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk."}], "id": "DMXmBE7xDk9sc2gfC4BA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "Some also mention a Jack Straw as a leader among the Kentish rebels during this phase in the revolt, but it is uncertain if this was a real person, or a pseudonym for Wat Tyler or John Wrawe."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "Revolt also flared in neighbouring Kent."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "Faced by the angry crowds, the constable in charge of Rochester Castle surrendered it without a fight and Belling was freed."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "Tyler and the Kentish men advanced to Canterbury, entering the walled city and castle without resistance on 10 June."}, {"section_header": "Events | Aftermath", "text": "Richard also granted general pardons to those who had executed rebels without due process, to all men who had remained loyal, and to all those who had rebelled \u2013 with the exception of the men of Bury St Edmunds, any men who had been involved in the killing of the King's advisers, and those who were still on the run from prison."}, {"section_header": "Rebels", "text": "The rebels were typically illiterate; only between 5 and 15 per cent of England could read during this period."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "The Essex rebels, possibly a few thousand strong, advanced towards London, some probably travelling directly and others via Kent."}, {"section_header": "Events | Wider revolt | Eastern England", "text": "They took the town without opposition and looted the properties of the archdeacon and local tax officials."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Economics", "text": "The authorities responded to the chaos with emergency legislation; the Ordinance of Labourers was passed in 1349, and the Statute of Labourers in 1351."}, {"section_header": "Events | Suppression", "text": "Henry's quick action was essential to the suppression of the revolt in East Anglia, but he was very unusual in taking matters into his own hands in this way, and his execution of the rebels without royal sanction was illegal."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital", "text": "Along their way, they encountered Lady Joan, the King's mother, who was travelling back to the capital to avoid being caught up in the revolt; she was mocked but otherwise left unharmed."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital", "text": "The Kentish advance on London appears to have been coordinated with the movement of the rebels in Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk."}], "text": "During the Peasants' Revolt, the rebels from Kent let the King's mom pass them by without hurting her.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Peasants' Revolt"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "The suit alleged 18 violations, including improper tip pooling and failure to reimburse workers for business expenses."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "In November 2017, some Instacart workers participated in a strike action, alleging wages as low as $1 an hour."}], "id": "DNpeoBNrvmbNri4UL5IG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "They've been asking Instacart to provide workers with hazard pay and protective gear, among other demands."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In March 2019, Instacart expanded its same-day alcohol delivery service in the U.S., making Instacart one of the largest online delivery and pickup marketplaces for alcohol in the U.S.On April 11, 2019, the company expanded its services to offering an on-demand option for its workers, in order to allow workers to work more flexible schedules."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of April 18, 2020, Instacart reportedly had not provided the safety kits to a majority of its workers, who describe a complicated process to order them."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "The suit alleged 18 violations, including improper tip pooling and failure to reimburse workers for business expenses."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "In November 2017, some Instacart workers participated in a strike action, alleging wages as low as $1 an hour."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "In March 2017, Instacart agreed to pay $4.6 million to settle a class action settlement stemming from the alleged misclassification of its personal shoppers as independent contractors."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With an Instacart Express membership for $9.99/month or an annual fee of $99, customers get waived delivery fees on orders over $35, but still must pay the service fee."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Under the revised pay system, tips were no longer factored into the minimum base wages, which were newly set at $7\u201310 for a full-service shopping order (based on delivery market) and $5 for delivery only."}], "text": "Unlike many delivery service providers, Instacart has managed to avoid law suits and allegations many similar service providers faced between 2017 and 2019.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}], "id": "DP43X5F8pbSEYkJsFoi2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}], "text": "A Bell for Adano was filmed in New-York City.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that \"I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch."}], "id": "DQvXDT1mn5XDemjc7rJP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "\" These instances can also serve as analogies for the way that minority groups establish subcultures and neighborhoods of their own that distinguish them from the broader general culture."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "In Grant Morrison's stories of the early 2000s, mutants are portrayed as a distinct subculture with \"mutant bands,\" mutant use of code-names as their primary form of self-identity (rather than their given birth names), and a popular mutant fashion designer who created outfits tailored to mutant physiology."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "The series District X takes place in an area of New York City called \"Mutant Town."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "At one point he even utters the words \"never again\" in a 1992 episode of the X-Men animated series."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "They were born that way. '\"In"}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "Transgender issues also come up with shapechangers like Mystique, Copycat, and Courier who can change gender at will."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "Communism and socialism: Occasionally, undercurrents of the real-life \"Red Scare\" are present or the events of the Red Scare in history are alluded to."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "The growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed \"X-Books."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "And I took the cowardly way out."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "It has been said that the comic books and the X-Men animated series delved into the AIDS epidemic with a long-running plot line about the Legacy Virus, a seemingly incurable disease thought at first to attack only mutants (similar to the AIDS virus which at first was spread through the gay community)."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that \"I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch."}], "text": "The X-men series was popular partly because it tackled social issues in a way and brought them to light.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "For some time, Gell-Mann was undecided on an actual spelling for the term he intended to coin, until he found the word quark in James Joyce's book Finnegans Wake: The word quark itself is a Slavic borrowing in German and denotes a dairy product, but is also a colloquial term for \"rubbish\"."}], "id": "DTtuxwjszzpMFUbfFNOC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Classification", "text": "The most common baryons are the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Sea quarks", "text": "Sea quarks form when a gluon of the hadron's color field splits; this process also works in reverse in that the annihilation of two sea quarks produces a gluon."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators)."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "When a gluon is transferred between quarks, a color change occurs in both; for example, if a red quark emits a red\u2013antigreen gluon, it becomes green, and if a green quark absorbs a red\u2013antigreen gluon, it becomes red."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "The only exception is the top quark, which may decay before it hadronizes."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Sea quarks", "text": "qq) pairs known as sea quarks (qs)."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Other phases of quark matter", "text": "The quark\u2013gluon plasma would be characterized by a great increase in the number of heavier quark pairs in relation to the number of up and down quark pairs."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "Conversely, as the distance between quarks increases, the binding force strengthens."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "Above a certain energy threshold, pairs of quarks and antiquarks are created."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "This phenomenon is known as color confinement: quarks never appear in isolation."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "For some time, Gell-Mann was undecided on an actual spelling for the term he intended to coin, until he found the word quark in James Joyce's book Finnegans Wake: The word quark itself is a Slavic borrowing in German and denotes a dairy product, but is also a colloquial term for \"rubbish\"."}], "text": "Quark is a common work for trash.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Quark"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "Brown received five years of probation and was ordered to stay 50 yards (46 m) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to 10 yards (9 m).On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather."}], "id": "DV7OZsrs5DQceZZH5ecs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and music career | 1988\u20132003: Early life", "text": "Rihanna's father used to physically abuse her mother and she would try to get in between them to break up fights."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Time named her as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2018."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Having sold over 250 million records, Rihanna is one of the world's best-selling music artists."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "Rihanna is one of the best-selling music artists, having sold over 250 million records worldwide as of September 2018."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "Nico Amarca of Highsnobiety magazine wrote \"over the course of her now 10-year career, [Rihanna] has undergone one of the most significant aesthetic metamorphoses the world has ever seen\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "Reports surfaced that Brown had physically assaulted her."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Rihanna currently owns a $14 million penthouse in Manhattan, New York."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "During Rihanna's third annual \"Diamond Ball\", the former President of the United States, Barack Obama, praised Rihanna's work and stated: \"You've become a powerful force in the fight to give people dignity."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2009\u20132011: Rated R and Loud", "text": "Reports surfaced that then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, had physically assaulted her."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "Brown received five years of probation and was ordered to stay 50 yards (46 m) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to 10 yards (9 m).On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter."}], "text": "Rihanna's ex-boyfriend tried to excuse his propensity for hitting her by telling people he survived having seen his own mother physically harmed by her spouse on a regular basis.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida."}], "id": "Da1Et48lICrF7zdsW3Gw", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Personal life", "text": "Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Klem also dismissed catcher Al L\u00f3pez from a game after L\u00f3pez pasted a newspaper clipping onto home plate which showed Klem clearly in error calling a play involving L\u00f3pez."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "\" His wife was his only survivor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Of the 16 major league teams in existence during his career, all but one\u2014the St. Louis Browns, who would not win a pennant until 1944\u2014appeared in a World Series that he officiated; the only other teams which did not win a championship with Klem on the field were the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies (neither of which won a title during Klem's lifetime) and the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series."}], "text": "Bill Klem played in 18 World Series games and had no children with his wife, Marie.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Game shows", "text": "Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981."}], "id": "DaZXY03MzAkWat6sbjbf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Don Sutton Ball Park in Molino was named in his honor."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Here's a guy who is going to win you 15-20 games every year, and he never misses a start... He should really help the Brewers.\" Sutton earned a win in a 1982 playoff game against the Angels, then started two games in the 1982 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Game shows", "text": "Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "In August 1978, Sutton captured media attention after a physical altercation with teammate Steve Garvey."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Defensively, he was above average, recording a .968 fielding percentage which was 15 points higher than the league average at his position."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father tried logging and construction work, and in looking for work, moved the family to Molino, Florida, just north of Pensacola."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "In 17 postseason innings that year, Sutton gave up 14 earned runs."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "Sutton had criticized what he thought was excessive media attention paid to Garvey, saying that Reggie Smith was really the team's best player."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Sutton holds another record: seven times in his career, he pitched nine scoreless innings but got a no-decision."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "As a hitter, Sutton was below average as pitchers go, posting a .144 batting average (195-for-1354) with 64 RBI and 60 bases on balls."}], "text": "Don Sutton considered himself above lesser mediums of entertainment than tough, sweaty ball games, and so never tried to participate in non-baseball media.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Don Sutton"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 9, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Illness", "text": "On March 16, 2014, Schmidt disclosed that he battled stage-3 melanoma cancer during the summer of 2013, but he is now cancer-free."}], "id": "DdvywfXkzSOknlJEUSVF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Coaching", "text": "In October 2003, Schmidt was named the manager of the Phillies' Single A Florida State League affiliate, the Clearwater Threshers."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "A day later, Schmidt hit his 48th home run of the season in the 11th inning to give the Phillies the 6\u20134 extra innings victory over the Expos, and clinch the division."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "Four days later, in Philadelphia on September 16, Schmidt ended Montreal Expos pitcher Balor Moore's streak of 25 scoreless innings pitched with his first career home run."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1987\u20131989", "text": "Trailing the Pittsburgh Pirates 6\u20135 in the top of the ninth inning at Three Rivers Stadium on April 18, 1987, Schmidt hit his 500th career home run, a three-run shot off of Don Robinson."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting", "text": "In 2015, Schmidt added Saturday home games to his schedule, creating a \"Weekends with Schmidt\" format."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting", "text": "Schmidt subsequently, did on-field reporting throughout the series."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades", "text": "Schmidt has publicly expressed his thoughts on various baseball controversies."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2001, Schmidt began sponsoring an annual fishing tournament known as the Mike Schmidt Winner's Circle Invitational at Old Bahama Bay in West End, Grand Bahama Island."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor Leagues", "text": "Schmidt stayed in Reading, spending the rest of the 1971 season at the Double-A level."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Illness", "text": "On March 16, 2014, Schmidt disclosed that he battled stage-3 melanoma cancer during the summer of 2013, but he is now cancer-free."}], "text": "Schmidt died from a stroke in 2003.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Mike Schmidt"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism known as Trotskyism."}], "id": "DeQl1abKyZyUjks8ZbsG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940) | Moscow show trials", "text": "The struggle which is in the offing transcends by far the importance of individuals, factions and parties."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism known as Trotskyism."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Left opposition (1923\u20131924)", "text": "In the end, only three delegates voted for Trotsky's position, and the Conference denounced \"Trotskyism\" as a \"petty bourgeois deviation\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The foundation \"International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum\" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922\u20131923)", "text": "This upset the troika, already infuriated by Karl Radek's article, \"Leon Trotsky \u2013 Organiser of Victory\" published in Pravda on 14 March 1923."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "[O.S. 26 October] 1879 \u2013 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky (), was a Russian revolutionary, political theorist and politician."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky's house in Coyoac\u00e1n has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov."}, {"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}, {"section_header": "Contributions to Marxist theory | Permanent Revolution", "text": "Although most closely associated with Leon Trotsky, the call for Permanent Revolution is first found in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in March 1850, in the aftermath of the 1848 Revolution, in their Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League: It is our interest and our task to make the revolution permanent until all the more or less propertied classes have been driven from their ruling positions, until the proletariat has conquered state power and until the association of the proletarians has progressed sufficiently far \u2013 not only in one country but in all the leading countries of the world \u2013 that competition between the proletarians of these countries ceases and at least the decisive forces of production are concentrated in the hands of the workers. ... Their battle-cry must be: The Permanent Revolution."}], "text": "Leon Trotsky was the creator of Trotskyism.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles II (29 May 1630 \u2013 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland."}], "id": "DhNzXPT9joYul71bMqHc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the Merry Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans."}, {"section_header": "Early life, civil war and exile", "text": "His parents were Charles I, who ruled the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Henrietta Maria, the sister of the French king Louis XIII."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles II (29 May 1630 \u2013 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Hutton, Ronald (1989), Charles II: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a de facto republic led by Oliver Cromwell."}, {"section_header": "Restoration", "text": "Above all, Charles promised to rule in cooperation with Parliament."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "For the remainder of his reign, Charles ruled without Parliament."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Charles was succeeded by his brother, who became James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "The official style of Charles II was \"Charles the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc.\" The claim to France was only nominal, and had been asserted by every English monarch since Edward III, regardless of the amount of French territory actually controlled."}], "text": "Charles II of England ruled as king over four separate countries.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Charles II of England"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the establishment of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents."}], "id": "DlNoajZro2qCLzz8jVGZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Israel has one official language, Hebrew."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the establishment of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Education", "text": "Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics, the Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, the English language, history, Biblical scripture and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Arabic had been an official language of the State of Israel; in 2018 it was downgraded to having a 'special status in the state' with its use by state institutions to be set in law."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken every day by the majority of the population."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Literature", "text": "Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics", "text": "On 19 July 2018, the Israeli Parliament passed a Basic Law that characterizes the State of Israel as principally a \"Nation State of the Jewish People,\" and Hebrew as its official language."}, {"section_header": "History | Zionism and British Mandate", "text": "Jews were encouraged to speak Hebrew in the place of other languages, a Hebrew school system began to emerge, and new words were coined or borrowed from other languages for modern inventions and concepts."}], "text": "In addition to Hebrew, Israel recognizes English as an official language.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool."}], "id": "Dofgx1kK1cYAuCDVVSi7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy and reception | Reaction to later career", "text": "Callaway stated that, after suffering a severe concussion against Lesnar, he lost his confidence."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "taped on July 4, 2005, the SmackDown!"}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | WWF Champion (1991\u20131994)", "text": "According to Callaway, working with Gonz\u00e1lez was \"It was survival every night trying to figure out what he could do\" and \"took years off my career\"."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "The Undertaker lost to Khali and he did not appear again until the July 4 episode of SmackDown!"}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998\u20131999)", "text": "The Undertaker attempted to marry Stephanie before sacrificing her in an eldritch ceremony conducted by Paul Bearer, but Austin was able to rescue her."}, {"section_header": "Championships and accomplishments", "text": "WCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) \u2013 with Kane World Heavyweight Championship (3 times) WWF/WWE Championship (4 times) WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time) WWF World Tag Team Championship (6 times) \u2013 with Stone Cold Steve Austin (1), Big Show (2), The Rock (1), and Kane (2) Royal Rumble (2007) Tuwaiq Trophy (2020) Slammy Award (12 times) Best Entrance Music (1997) Best Tattoo (1997) Match of the Year (2009, 2010, 2012, 2015) vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXV, vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXVI, vs. Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match at WrestleMania XXVIII"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway was married to his first wife Jodi Lynn between 1989 and 1999; they had a son, Gunner Vincent Calaway, born in 1993."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Big Evil (2001\u20132003)", "text": "The first, on the September 4 SmackDown!, against Kurt Angle, ended in a no contest, due to interference from Brock Lesnar."}], "text": "Callaway has been married 4 times.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "The Undertaker"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs)."}], "id": "Dp41ePrjDVJ5WIUe6sJP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Corporate history | Early history", "text": "While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static cell structure made it too slow and costly for mainframe memories."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Early history", "text": "The three-transistor cell implemented in the first commercially available dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the 1103 released in 1970, solved these issues."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Wearable fashion (2014)", "text": "The Intel smart earbuds provide full stereo audio, and monitor heart rate, while the applications on the user's phone keep track of run distance and calories burned."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words integrated and electronics, with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit (the microchip)."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present)", "text": "Intel planned to use Infineon's technology in laptops, smart phones, netbooks, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products, eventually integrating its wireless modem into Intel's silicon chips."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs)."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Origins", "text": "Intel was founded in Mountain View, California, in 1968 by Gordon E. Moore (known for \"Moore's law\"), a chemist, and Robert Noyce, a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing | Intel Inside", "text": "Intel wanted MicroAge to petition its computer suppliers to favor Intel chips."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing | Intel Inside", "text": "Intel would pay for a MicroAge billboard somewhere saying, \"If you're buying a personal computer, make sure it has Intel inside.\" In turn, MicroAge would put \"Intel Inside\" stickers on the Intel-based computers in their stores in that area."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC | \"Intel Inside\" and other campaigns", "text": "The first campaign, the 1991 \"Intel Inside\" marketing and branding campaign, is widely known and has become synonymous with Intel itself."}], "text": "Intel is the inventor of cell phones.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Intel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad."}], "id": "DqYVBJDWBur3rIujQBpS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "It was also listed as the second best war film by viewers on Channel 4's 100 Greatest War Films and was the second rated war movie of all time based on the Movifone list (after Schindler's List) and the IMDb War movie list (after The Longest Day)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it on his list for the 2002 Sight & Sound poll for the greatest movie of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Apocalypse Now is today considered to be one of the greatest films ever made."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Now is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It ranked No. 14 in Sight & Sound's greatest films poll in 2012, and No. 6 in the Director's Poll of greatest films of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Commentators have debated whether Apocalypse Now is an anti-war or pro-war film."}, {"section_header": "Release | Re-release", "text": "The film was re-released on August 28, 1987, in six cities to capitalize on the success of Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, and other Vietnam War movies."}, {"section_header": "Release | Alternative and varied endings", "text": "At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for Apocalypse Now."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Entertainment Weekly ranked Apocalypse Now as having one of the \"10 Best Surfing Scenes\" in cinema."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad."}], "text": "Apocalypse Now is a movie about the Vietnam War and is based on the director's time while fighting.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation."}], "id": "Dr3yTiIDNqMQbst9sa5y", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms"}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Martin Luther's powerful testimony of faith at the Diet of Worms in 1521 made an indelible impression upon the mind of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who turned his eyes to the new faith earlier than any other German prince or any other member of the House of Hohenzollern."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "In December 1521, Jacob Proost, prior of the Augustinian monastery in Antwerp, was the first Luther-supporting cleric to be arrested and prosecuted under the terms of the Worms Edict."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on"}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation."}], "text": "The 1521 The Diet of Worms 1521 talked about Martin Luther.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs."}], "id": "DxCYWva4svPdOFYFaaAk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate!"}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor)."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "The gate, along with the broad Stra\u00dfe des 17."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The gate was previously illuminated after attacks in Jerusalem and Orlando."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate was badly damaged with holes in the columns from bullets and nearby explosions."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The gate was the first element of a \"new Athens on the River Spree\" by architect Langhans."}], "text": "The gate is the entry to Unter den Linden.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984."}], "id": "E09ULeAN3WJOpO8BZWgK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "In 1960, a one-hour color adaptation of Kim was televised on NBC's anthology series Shirley Temple's Storybook."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "It was adapted by Helen Deutsch and Leon Gordon, and starred Errol Flynn, Dean Stockwell, Paul Lukas, Robert Douglas, Thomas Gomez and Cecil Kellaway."}, {"section_header": "Landmarks", "text": "Even in the book the formation ensign belonged to an establishment in Ambala."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Antal Szerb mentions Kipling's Kim in his book (pages no. 9 and 10) The Pendragon Legend briefly, when a person sitting next to the protagonist in the library seems not to know what to read nor how to request a book."}, {"section_header": "Critical assessment", "text": "a reissue of the novel in 1959 by Macmillan, the reviewer opines \" Kim is a book worked at three levels."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "It featured a music score by Andr\u00e9 Previn."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "Tony Haig portrayed Kim, Michael Rennie played Captain Creighton, and Alan Napier played Colonel Devlin."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "The episode has been released on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984."}], "text": "The very latest adaptation of this book  to other media was done in the 80's.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Kim (novel)"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}], "id": "E1ZAzqQlyhTDWEoRNBfe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "24\", a setting of five poems from Songs of Innocence for solo voice and piano in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The folk musician Greg Brown recorded sixteen of the poems on his 1987 album Songs of Innocence and of Experience and by Finn Coren in his Blake Project."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems were published in 1794 (see 1794 in poetry)."}], "text": "Songs of Innocence contains only one poem.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood | Birth", "text": "James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley."}], "id": "E1oG7rUwUYVYpGXsR0B9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "It was against this background that James VI authorised the \"Gentleman Adventurers of Fife\" to civilise the \"most barbarous Isle of Lewis\" in 1598."}, {"section_header": "Issue", "text": "Succeeded James I & VI. Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602 \u2013 27 May 1602)."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as \"Erse\" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature."}, {"section_header": "King and Church", "text": "James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son."}, {"section_header": "Childhood | Birth", "text": "James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley."}, {"section_header": "Childhood | Birth", "text": "Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, and she and her husband, being Roman Catholics, faced a rebellion by Protestant noblemen."}, {"section_header": "Childhood | Regencies", "text": "The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the Battle of Langside, forcing her to flee to England, where she was subsequently kept in confinement by Elizabeth."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Witch hunts", "text": "In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on \"the discovery of yon little counterfeit wench."}], "text": "James VI was Mary's youngest son.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life."}], "id": "E6NUAaZZyemwZicyPjuu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "This and the evidence of the early texts suggests that he was born into the Shakya clan, a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "This is unlikely however, as many scholars think that \u015auddhodana was merely a Shakya aristocrat (khattiya), and that the Shakya republic was not a hereditary monarchy."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "the son of \u015auddhodana, \"an elected chief of the Shakya clan\", whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha's lifetime."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Gautama was the family name. His mother, Maya (M\u0101y\u0101dev\u012b), Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "One of Gautama's usual names was \"Sakamuni\" or \"Sakyamun\u012b\" (\"Sage of the Shakyas\")."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Buddha's Birthday is called Buddha Purnima in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India as he is believed to have been born on a full moon day."}, {"section_header": "Biography | First sermon and formation of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "The Therav\u0101da Vinaya and the Catusparisat-s\u016btra also speak of the conversion of Yasa, a local guild master, and his friends and family, who were some of the first laypersons to be converted and to enter the Buddhist community."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya clan.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "His father (who had played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and roomed with Stan Musial), worked in a Steubenville steel mill."}], "id": "EAoV0MmsAE6cLMyZIjNZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Moustache", "text": "Baseball-Reference.com ranks Fingers's moustache as the best in history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Fingers's effectiveness as a relief pitcher helped redefine the value of relievers within baseball and helped usher in the modern closer role."}, {"section_header": "In media | Books", "text": "The first book inspired a sequel, released March 16, 2010 by Fingers and Ritter: The Rollie Fingers Baseball Bible: Lists and Lore, Stories and Stats, Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press."}, {"section_header": "In media | Books", "text": "On April 1, 2009 Rollie Fingers and co-author Christopher \"Yellowstone\" Ritter released: Rollie's Follies: A Hall of Fame Revue of Baseball Lists and Lore, Stats and Stories, Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 96 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers's reply to Reds general manager Bill Bergesch was: \"Well, you tell Marge Schott to shave her Saint Bernard, and I'll shave my moustache\"."}, {"section_header": "In media | Radio", "text": "You deserve this.\" In 1994/1995 a comedy segment entitled \"Rollie TV\", concerning a fictitious cable television channel devoted solely to the life of Rollie Fingers and helmed by a Fingers-obsessed host named Greg Shuttlecock, aired once a week on The Steve Dahl Radio Show on WMVP 1000 AM in Chicago."}, {"section_header": "In media | Radio", "text": "A \"Rollie TV\" skit had originally aired in 1993 on Toth and Johnson's Chicago cable TV show Color TV and was then adapted into segments for radio."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Bowie Kuhn, the Commissioner of Baseball, nullified the sale, saying that the transactions were \"not in the best interests of baseball\"."}, {"section_header": "In media | Television appearances", "text": "ISBN 978-1-57860-342-8. Rollie Fingers and four other members of his family appeared on a 1983 episode of the game show Family Feud."}, {"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "His father (who had played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and roomed with Stan Musial), worked in a Steubenville steel mill."}], "text": "Rollie Fingers' dad was also a baseball player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "On 21 August 1969, a fire was  started by a visitor from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754."}], "id": "EIT45P5fvSTQ06nakQgt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was rebuilt again in 780. Another earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later the Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built another mosque whose outline is preserved in the current structure."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Access", "text": "Fifteen years later, negotiation between Israel and Jordan might result in allowing visitors to enter once again."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "The Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built the northern porch of the mosque with three gates in 1218."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "The Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir rebuilt and completely renovated the mosque between 1034 and 1036."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "Severe damage was caused by the 1837 and 1927 earthquakes, but the mosque was repaired in 1938 and 1942.On 20 July 1951, King Abdullah I was shot three times by a Palestinian gunman as he entered the mosque, killing him."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "In 713\u201314, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd, injuring 24 people."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "On 21 August 1969, a fire was  started by a visitor from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In 780, His successor Muhammad al-Mahdi had it rebuilt, but curtailed its length and increased its breadth."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque was ruined in a fire but rebuilt three years later.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peloponnesian War (431\u2013404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states."}], "id": "EMekWgCNt6JHSVIBxzZc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Peace of Nicias (421 BC)", "text": "The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peloponnesian War (431\u2013404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states."}, {"section_header": "The Second War (413\u2013404 BC) | Athens recovers", "text": "Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "Conflict between the states flared up again in 465 BC, when a helot revolt broke out in Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Prelude | Breakdown of the peace", "text": "This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states, made war a common occurrence in the Greek world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed."}], "text": "The war was fought between the Romans and the Goths.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Peloponnesian War"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners."}], "id": "EMpUNeD55zx2e6k9WbrR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "With \"Rip Van Winkle\", \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym \"Geoffrey Crayon\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre", "text": "Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre", "text": "It lasted 12 performances. Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "In a Postscript (sometimes unused in certain editions), the narrator states the circumstances in which he heard the story from an old gentleman \"at a Corporation meeting at the ancient city of Manhattoes\", who didn't \"believe one-half of it [himself].\" Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" was first published in 1820."}], "text": "Out of all the movies about The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the Burton one is the most accurate to the book.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "Despite America's beginnings as an isolationist country, the foundation of the Monroe Doctrine was already being laid even during George Washington's presidency."}], "id": "ENB2L4QhvoKningp7AUC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "While not specifically the Monroe Doctrine, Alexander Hamilton desired to control the sphere of influence in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in North America, but this was extended to the Latin American colonies by the Monroe Doctrine."}, {"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "But Hamilton, writing in the Federalist Papers, was already wanting to establish America as a world power and hoped that America would suddenly become strong enough to keep the European powers outside of the Americas, despite the fact that the European countries controlled much more of the Americas than the U.S. itself."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Global Monroe Doctrine", "text": "Smith argued that the founding of the United Nations played a role in the establishing this global protectorate situation."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Latin American reinterpretation", "text": "Control of the Monroe doctrine thus shifted to the multilateral Organization of American States (OAS) founded in 1948.In 1954, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles invoked the Monroe Doctrine at the 10th Pan-American Conference in Caracas, Venezuela, denouncing the intervention of Soviet Communism in Guatemala."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Post-Bol\u00edvar events", "text": "No action was taken by the US, and George C. Herring writes that the inaction \"confirmed Latin American and especially Argentine suspicions of the United States.\" In 1838\u201350 Argentina was blockaded by the French and, later, the British."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Post-Bol\u00edvar events", "text": "In the 1870s, President Ulysses S. Grant and his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish endeavored to supplant European influence in Latin America with that of the U.S."}, {"section_header": "Effects | World War II", "text": "A 1940 national survey found that 81% supported defending Canada; 75% Mexico and Central America; 69% South America; 66% West Indies; and 59% Greenland."}, {"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "Hamilton expected that the United States would become the dominant power in the New World and would, in the future, act as an intermediary between the European powers and any new countries blossoming near the U.S.In a note from James Madison (Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of State and a future president) to the U.S. ambassador to Spain, the federal government expressed the opposition of the American government to further territorial acquisition by European powers."}, {"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "The supplementary principle of the Monroe Doctrine, that Europe must keep out of America, was still over the horizon\"."}, {"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "Despite America's beginnings as an isolationist country, the foundation of the Monroe Doctrine was already being laid even during George Washington's presidency."}], "text": "The Monroe Doctrine has its foundings in the writings of Alexander Hamilton.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monroe Doctrine"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "Eckersley noted in Pluto's book that he realized the problem he had after family members videotaped him while drunk and played the tape back for him the next day."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism."}], "id": "EQctgMrEm6g4wNeeWfCI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "On May 30, 1977, Eckersley no-hit the California Angels 1-0 at Cleveland Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed \"Eck\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "His unstyled, long hair, moustache, and live fastball made him an instant and identifiable fan favorite."}, {"section_header": "Pitching style", "text": "He had pinpoint accuracy, and fellow Hall of Famer Goose Gossage said of him, \"He could hit a gnat in the butt with a pitch if he wanted to.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to Red Sox (1998)", "text": "Eckersley announced his retirement in December 1998."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eckersley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "Indeed, Eckersley started two games with the A's before an injury to"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Eckersley married his first wife Denise in 1973 and they had a daughter, Mandee Eckersley."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "then-closer Jay Howell opened the door for Eckersley to move into the closer's role."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "Eckersley noted in Pluto's book that he realized the problem he had after family members videotaped him while drunk and played the tape back for him the next day."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism."}], "text": "Dennis Eckersley went to rehab after he hit a fan with a baseball because he was inebriated.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Dennis Eckersley"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule."}], "id": "ERbD2mMJIzUidF1xPb7p", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The First Crusade (1096\u20131099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "Augustine wrote that an aggressive war was sinful, but a \"just war\" could be rationalised if proclaimed by a legitimate authority such as a king or bishop, it was defensive or for the recovery of lands, and a it did not involve excessive violence."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "A Christian theology of war inevitably evolved from when Roman citizenship and Christianity became linked."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade as there was no pilgrimage, no vow and no formal authorisation by the church."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade", "text": "It is impossible to estimate the numbers involved."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Antioch", "text": "In the sack they killed most of the Muslim inhabitants and many Christian Greeks, Syrians and Armenians in the confusion."}, {"section_header": "People's Crusade", "text": "The attacks may have originated in the belief that Jews and Muslims were equally enemies of Christ, and enemies were to be fought or converted to Christianity."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Muslim rulers did not require total submission to Islam from Jews or Christians because they were considered People of the Book or dhimmi."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "It was political and religious fragmentation that brought this expansion to an end."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule."}], "text": "The First Crusade was a religious war between the Muslims and the Christians and involved anti-Jewish activities.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "First Crusade"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}], "id": "ESF2tzWPoubB16NgMdk5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b4\u05bc\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd"}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "\"It is one of the overtly mystical Biblical texts for the Kabbalah, which gave esoteric interpretation on all the Hebrew Bible."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "These theological themes are not in the poem, but derive from a theological reading; nevertheless, what is notable about this approach is the way it leads to conclusions not found in the overtly theological books of the Bible."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Subject of the Song I Hate Heaven by The Residents, which is featured in their bible"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated presents a series of paintings that visualize the book."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Eliza Gilkyson's \"Rose of Sharon\" on her album \"Your town tonight\" is based on her reading of Song of Songs in a hotel room Gideon Bible, as explained in her intro to the song."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "The most reliable evidence for its date is its language: Aramaic gradually replaced Hebrew after the end of the Babylonian exile in the late 6th century BCE, and the evidence of vocabulary, morphology, idiom and syntax clearly points to a late date, centuries after King Solomon to whom it is traditionally attributed."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "\"The Song of Solomon\" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the \"Song of Solomon\"."}], "text": "The Song of Solomon diverges from most books in the Hebrew bible.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}], "id": "ETBz814xVFCyYXNEx09q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"Edgar Allan Poe wrote a well-known two-part review of the second edition of Twice-Told Tales, published in the April and May 1842 issues of Graham's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"The Grolier Club later named Twice-Told Tales the most influential book of 1837."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"To this little book\", Longfellow wrote, \"we would say, 'Live ever, sweet, sweet book.'"}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "In a new preface, Hawthorne wrote that the stories \"may be understood and felt by anybody, who will give himself the trouble to read it, and will take up the book in a proper mood.\" About a week after the publication of the book, Hawthorne sent a copy to his classmate from Bowdoin College, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne had help in promoting the book from Elizabeth Peabody."}], "text": "Twice-Told Tales stories were released in magazines before the book.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Towers | Caissons", "text": "The Manhattan side's caisson is slightly larger, measuring 172 by 102 feet (52 by 31 m) and located 78.5 feet (23.9 m) below high water, while the Brooklyn side's caisson measures 168 by 102 feet (51 by 31 m) and is located 44.5 feet (13.6 m) below high water."}], "id": "EWyF5ciQzzTn7KE3uds4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "The bridge's two suspension towers are 278 feet (85 m) tall with a footprint of 140 by 59 feet (43 by 18 m) at the high water line."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Stunts", "text": "Steve Brodie supposedly dropped from underneath the bridge in July 1886 and was briefly arrested for it, though there is some doubt about whether he actually jumped."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While construction started in 1870, numerous controversies and the novelty of the designed construction process caused the actual construction to be prolonged over thirteen years."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "Additional problems persisted, and in 1993, high levels of lead were discovered near the bridge's towers."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "However, the ornamentation on the Brooklyn tower could not be completed until the Manhattan tower was finished."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Anniversary celebrations", "text": "The 125th anniversary of the bridge's opening was celebrated by a five-day event on May 22\u201326, 2008, which included a live performance by the Brooklyn Philharmonic, a special lighting of the bridge's towers, and a fireworks display."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "The Manhattan tower contains 46,945 cubic yards (35,892 m3) of masonry, while the Brooklyn tower has 38,214 cubic yards (29,217 m3) of masonry."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "The tower was substantially finished by December 1874 with the erection of saddle plates for the main cables at the top of the tower."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "The last stone on the Brooklyn tower was raised in June 1875 and the Manhattan tower was completed in July 1876."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers | Caissons", "text": "Most of the timber used in the bridge's construction, including in the caissons, came from mills at Gascoigne Bluff on St. Simons Island, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers | Caissons", "text": "The Manhattan side's caisson is slightly larger, measuring 172 by 102 feet (52 by 31 m) and located 78.5 feet (23.9 m) below high water, while the Brooklyn side's caisson measures 168 by 102 feet (51 by 31 m) and is located 44.5 feet (13.6 m) below high water."}], "text": "The Bridge's towers are not actually symmetrical.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He also had 10 grandchildren (though two predeceased him), and seven great-grandchildren."}], "id": "EeVtWziN79vZuHpbz6TX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Many doctors recommended removal of the eye, but eventually Red found one willing to pursue non-surgical treatment."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He also had 10 grandchildren (though two predeceased him), and seven great-grandchildren."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father was a coal miner, and the family lived without running water or electricity."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "To solve the problem, he used the left-handed batting skills he acquired as a youth to become a switch hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "Despite being told that he would never play again, he returned to the Braves in 1960\u2014only to be released at the end of the season."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Red: A Baseball Life (Hardcover ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals)."}], "text": "Red was used to large families because he was one of 7 and ended up having 7 great grand kids.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010."}], "id": "EiwoNR7YXjPo5Jww3NHT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Demographics", "text": "In 2012, a report found that 83% of the global users were women."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Demographics", "text": "Pinterest has largely appealed to women, especially its early user base."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions", "text": "Terms were not disclosed. In early October 2013, Pinterest acquired Hackermeter."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions", "text": "On March 8, 2017, Pinterest said it had acquired Jelly Industries, a small search-engine company founded by Biz Stone."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The launch of an iPhone app in early March 2011, brought in more downloads than expected."}, {"section_header": "Features and content", "text": "Content can also be found outside Pinterest and similarly uploaded to a board via the \"Save\" button, which can be downloaded to the bookmark bar on a web browser, or be implemented by a webmaster directly on the website."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "In early May 2012, the site added automatic attribution of authors on images originating from Flickr, Behance, YouTube and Vimeo."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "Originally it was based in Palo Alto before moving in 2012.In early 2011, the company secured a US$10 million Series A financing led by Jeremy Levine and Sarah Tavel of Bessemer Venture Partners."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Pinterest Analytics is much like Google Analytics."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "The \"Most Clicked\" tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are more likely to sell."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010."}], "text": "Pinterest was founded in the early 2000s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Royal Menagerie", "text": "An 1800 inventory also listed a tiger, leopards, a hyena, a large baboon, various types of monkeys, wolves and \"other animals\"."}], "id": "EjnlWycl5NHg9074M5Wb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Crown Jewels", "text": "The tradition of housing the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London probably dates from the reign of Henry III (1216\u20131272)."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Layout", "text": "Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods."}, {"section_header": "Expansion", "text": "A truce was agreed with the condition that the King hand over control of the Tower once again."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "During the Second World War, the Tower was once again used to hold prisoners of war."}, {"section_header": "Expansion", "text": "Although under-garrisoned, the Tower resisted and the siege was lifted once John signed the Magna Carta."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "Once her support waned, the following year he resold his loyalty to Stephen."}, {"section_header": "Later Medieval Period", "text": "The castle was once again besieged in 1460, this time by a Yorkist force."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | White Tower", "text": "At the western corners of the building are square towers, while to the north-east a round tower houses a spiral staircase."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Innermost ward", "text": "The innermost ward encloses an area immediately south of the White Tower, stretching to what was once the edge of the River Thames."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Innermost ward", "text": "The Jewel House was demolished, and the Crown Jewels moved to Martin Tower."}, {"section_header": "Royal Menagerie", "text": "An 1800 inventory also listed a tiger, leopards, a hyena, a large baboon, various types of monkeys, wolves and \"other animals\"."}], "text": "The Tower of London once had reptiles housed there.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}], "id": "ElcF0esXqDIjT4TDwFfu", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "Having determined that d'Artagnan is the man he seeks, Mazarin enters the chambers of the Queen to let her know that he has enlisted the man who had served her so well twenty years earlier."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twenty Years After (French: Vingt ans apr\u00e8s) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, first serialized from January to August 1845."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "Milady's son, Mordaunt, now twenty-three, reprises his role as one of the chief antagonists, and sets about avenging his mother's death."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": ", Dumas comes out on the side of the monarchy in general, or at least the text often praises the idea of benevolent royalty."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "As this is going on, Raoul is travelling to join the army."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "Once they have learned the location of the Spanish army, they set out for battle, Raoul accompanying the Prince."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "After the fight, they find a man close to death who requests the last rites."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "The champion of the French populace and parliament, Pierre Broussel, is arrested, but then released when it becomes clear that his imprisonment has only served to stir the crowd up worse."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "The dying man reveals that he was the executioner of B\u00e9thune and confesses his part in the execution of Milady de Winter."}], "text": "Twenty Years After is about a man that served as a general in the army for twenty years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twenty Years After"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Blake was also a painter before the creation of Songs of Innocence and Experience and had painted such subjects as Oberon, Titania, and Puck dancing with fairies."}], "id": "EnsRHcReD2ImhbnVJCB5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Blake was also a painter before the creation of Songs of Innocence and Experience and had painted such subjects as Oberon, Titania, and Puck dancing with fairies."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems were published in 1794 (see 1794 in poetry)."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "Popular rock group U2 released an album called Songs of Innocence in 2014, and followed it in 2017 with Songs of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "The songs reproduced were Introduction, Infant Joy, The Lamb, Laughing Song and Nurse's Song from Songs of Innocence, and Introduction, The Clod & the Pebble, The Tyger, The Sick Rose, Nurses Song and Infant Sorrow from Songs of Experience."}], "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a painting about fairies dancing as a homage to mystical poetry.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "\" Observing Japan's response to the Western powers"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods."}], "id": "Eo1cTz1f9IHV5vAXPac1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country)."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "Japan's economic powers are a major influence on the industrial factor of its country as well."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "\" Observing Japan's response to the Western powers"}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "This forced (or allowed) the Emperor to strip Yoshinobu of all power, setting the stage for official restoration."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "This period also saw Japan change from being a feudal society to having a market economy and left the Japanese with a lingering influence of Modernity."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": ", Chinese general Li Hongzhang considered Japan to be China's \"principal security threat\" as early as 1863, five years before the Meiji Restoration."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "This was effectively the \"restoration\" (Taisei H\u014dkan) of imperial rule \u2013 although Yoshinobu still had significant influence and it was not until January 3, the following year, with the young Emperor's edict, that the restoration fully occurred."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "The Japanese knew they were behind the great Western powers when US Commodore Matthew C. Perry came to Japan in 1853 in large warships with armaments and technology that far outclassed those of Japan with the intent to conclude a treaty that would open up Japanese ports to trade."}, {"section_header": "Notes", "text": "1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genr\u014d), who helped in the restoration of imperial power."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods."}], "text": "The restoration wasn't influenced by any outside powers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Last years", "text": "The Mets were puzzled by Alomar's mediocre play, which some attributed to his lack of comfort with being under the greater scrutiny of the New York fans and media."}], "id": "EqPU0ajkpALSWzOo2cwT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "Some baseball writers expressed shock that he failed to get in on the first ballot, but many attributed the near-miss to sportswriters holding a grudge over the 1996 spitting incident with John Hirschbeck, including Alomar's brother Sandy Jr. and Hirschbeck himself."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles | Spitting incident", "text": "On September 27, 1996, during a game against the Blue Jays, Alomar got into a heated argument over a called third strike with umpire John Hirschbeck and spat in his face."}, {"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays", "text": "In each of his five seasons with the Blue Jays, Alomar was named to the All-Star team and won the Gold Glove Award."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alomar signed with the Orioles after the 1995 season, led the team to two ALCS appearances, and won the 1998 All-Star Game MVP Award in his final year with the team."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles", "text": "On December 21, 1995, Alomar signed with the Baltimore Orioles at a time when Toronto was looking to rebuild, while Baltimore was improving into a pennant-contending team."}, {"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays", "text": "In 1991, he capitalized on his speed with 11 triples and 53 stolen bases, leading the team to its first of three consecutive playoff appearances."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He then joined the Indians for three seasons and had the most productive years of his career in 1999 and 2001, again leading his team to the playoffs and becoming an AL MVP Award finalist both years."}, {"section_header": "Career | Cleveland Indians", "text": "Alomar finished third in AL MVP voting in 1999 and fourth in 2001.On the field, Alomar teamed with shortstop Omar Vizquel to form another decorated middle infield combination."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He made his major league debut with the team three years later, establishing himself as an exceptional base-stealing, hitting, and fielding threat before becoming an All-Star in 1990."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles", "text": "In Baltimore, he paired with Hall of Famer Cal Ripken Jr. to form a formidable double-play combination."}, {"section_header": "Career | Last years", "text": "The Mets were puzzled by Alomar's mediocre play, which some attributed to his lack of comfort with being under the greater scrutiny of the New York fans and media."}], "text": "Roberto Alomar played for seven teams over the course of his career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roberto Alomar"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}], "id": "ErAGc2h7od3oHFWUuGAG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After borrowing money from Hannah, she starts a catering business with April, a friend and fellow actress."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "In both films, a large theatrical family gather for three successive years' celebrations (Thanksgiving in Allen's film, Christmas in Bergman's)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}], "text": "The Hannah and Her Sisters movie starts and finishes with a Christmas supper.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}], "id": "EsHHyatNUcQGJVMaYfRJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland Dr. Copeland is estranged from his family due to his focus on what Hamilton calls \"his love to man\", and Hamilton described him as \"agnostic\"."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about a deaf man.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}], "id": "EsVgSnoiifddmjoDOCNa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "Poe particularly praised Hawthorne's originality as \"remarkable\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Editor John L. O'Sullivan suggested Hawthorne buy back unsold copies of Twice-Told Tales so that they could be reissued through a different publisher."}], "text": "The short story collection by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Twice-Told Tales, had originally published the stories in the collection anonymously.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8."}], "id": "EtAhJ0fzkp3nbOiP9iX6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The series utilizes several simultaneous plot lines."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Critical reception for season 8 was again negative."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Copyright infringement", "text": "At a 2015 Oxford Union panel discussion, series co-creator David Benioff said that he was just glad that people watched the series; illegally downloaded episodes sometimes interested viewers enough to buy a copy, especially in countries where Game of Thrones was not televised."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "For the second season, the series received a 15 percent budget increase for the climactic battle in \"Blackwater\" (which had an $8 million budget)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "Additional producers for season four included Canadian-based Rodeo FX, German-based Scanline VFX and US-based BAKED FX."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects | Title sequence", "text": "Its composition changes as the story progresses, with new locations replacing those featuring less prominently or not at all."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming for season 8 began in October 2017 and concluded in July 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "The program documented the production of season 8 along with read-throughs and interviews with the cast."}], "text": "Season 8 of the televised series utilized the talents of less than 50 VFX people.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom, where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes."}], "id": "Eut9btoEiyNKaiAzkIYc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Although Gravity is often referred to in the media, and thus also by this article, as a science fiction film, Cuar\u00f3n told BBC that he sees the film rather as \"a drama of a woman in space\"."}, {"section_header": "Scientific accuracy", "text": "When a bad science fiction movie comes out, no one bothers to ask me if it reminded me of the real thing.\" Former astronaut Chris Hadfield was critical of Gravity's portrayal of astronauts, particularly its depiction of Bullock's character, saying \"When she's faced with a problem, she's panicking and has no idea what to do."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Empire Online, AskMen and The Huffington Post also considered Gravity to be one of the best space films ever made, though The Huffington Post later included Gravity on their list of \"8 Movies from the Last 15 Years That Are Super Overrated\"."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "This made Gravity rank second on Metacritic's Film Critic"}, {"section_header": "Scientific accuracy", "text": "Rather than using the medium as a gimmick, Gravity uses it to depict a real environment that is completely alien to most people."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The metaphor was already so obvious.\" Made on a production budget of $100 million, Gravity was filmed digitally on multiple Arri Alexa cameras."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "And after going on all fours she's a bit curved until she is completely erect."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "It also made the production period much longer than expected."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Other critics made connections with 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom, where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes."}], "text": "Gravity is a science fiction movie that was completely made in Europe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He currently serves as a special assistant to the Blue Jays organization."}], "id": "EvOGomjtVRM4T5EGwmAs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": ", Henry Aaron was the other.\" He became only the third Puerto Rican to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, after Roberto Clemente and Orlando Cepeda, and has since been joined by Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez and Edgar Mart\u00ednez."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "On November 12, 2013, Alomar launched a baseball equipment line, Alomar Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar Vel\u00e1zquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [alo\u02c8ma\u027e]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988\u20132004)."}, {"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays", "text": "Alomar's game-tying, ninth-inning home run against Oakland relief ace Dennis Eckersley,"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The son of Santos \"Sandy\" Alomar Sr. and Mar\u00eda Vel\u00e1zquez, Alomar grew up in a baseball family."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "On June 19, 2010, Alomar was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in St. Marys, Ontario."}, {"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays", "text": "He was a central figure in Toronto's World Series championships in 1992 and 1993; in Game 6 of the 1992 World Series, he scored the series-winning run on Dave Winfield's two-run double in the 11th inning."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2011, Alomar was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the first Hall of Fame member to be depicted as a Blue Jays player on his plaque."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles", "text": "In 1998, he was named the Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game MVP."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "The 2011 Caribbean Series was dedicated to him, which was followed by his induction into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He currently serves as a special assistant to the Blue Jays organization."}], "text": "Roberto Alomar is still working in baseball.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roberto Alomar"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Construction | Opposition", "text": "There was substantial opposition to the bridge's construction from shipbuilders and merchants located to the north, who argued that the bridge would not provide sufficient clearance underneath for ships."}], "id": "EvhaLy5pbT60YVQbfIvc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Notable events | Stunts", "text": "In 1919, Giorgio Pessi piloted what was then one of the world's largest airplanes, the Caproni Ca.5, under the bridge."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic", "text": ": that section of Park Row ran under One Police Plaza, the NYPD headquarters."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "At the time of opening, the Brooklyn Bridge was not yet complete; the proposed public transit across the bridge was still being tested, while the Brooklyn approach was being completed."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Although a second deck for the Brooklyn Bridge was proposed, it was thought to be infeasible because doing so would overload the bridge's structural capacity."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Stunts", "text": "Steve Brodie supposedly dropped from underneath the bridge in July 1886 and was briefly arrested for it, though there is some doubt about whether he actually jumped."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "All four main cables were being strung by that July."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "It is not the work of any one man or of any one age."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "During the construction project, one roadway at a time was closed, allowing reduced traffic flows to cross the bridge in one direction only."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "This is because John Roebling designed the Brooklyn Bridge's truss system to be six to eight times as strong as he thought it needed to be."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Two years later, the Brooklyn Bridge trustees agreed to a plan where trolleys could run across the bridge under ten-year contracts."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Opposition", "text": "There was substantial opposition to the bridge's construction from shipbuilders and merchants located to the north, who argued that the bridge would not provide sufficient clearance underneath for ships."}], "text": "There was actually a faction of seamen opposed to the bridge based on how hard they thought it would be to fit boats under it.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His family was long settled in Yorkshire."}], "id": "ExjyzjSz0rWPuI5adNlz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "The whole was revised by Wycliffe's younger contemporary John Purvey in 1388."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines | Views on the papacy", "text": "The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines | Views on the papacy", "text": "Wycliffe's influence was never greater than at the moment when pope and antipope sent their ambassadors to England to gain recognition for themselves."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "Even in Wycliffe's time the \"Lollards\" had reached wide circles in England and preached \"God's law, without which no one could be justified.\" In the years before his death in 1384 he increasingly argued for Scriptures as the authoritative centre of Christianity, that the claims of the papacy were unhistorical, that monasticism was irredeemably corrupt, and that the moral unworthiness of priests invalidated their office and sacraments."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "It was forbidden from that time to hold these opinions or to advance them in sermons or in academic discussions."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "The incident was typical of the ongoing rivalry between monks and secular clergy at Oxford at this time."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "For this reason the Wycliffites in England were often designated by their opponents as \"Bible men\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | Politics", "text": "John of Gaunt most likely had his own reasons for opposing the wealth and power of the clergy."}, {"section_header": "Career | Conflict with the Church", "text": "The masses, some of the nobility, and his former protector, John of Gaunt, rallied to him."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His family was long settled in Yorkshire."}], "text": "John Wycliffe's ancestors were in Northern England for a good amount of time.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "John Wycliffe"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has a large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs."}], "id": "F5TkdR7RfrZ2LalvXMw0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has a large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "Game of Thrones is based roughly on the storylines of A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin, set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "Notable events of that period include the foundation of powerful Houses, the Long Night when the White Walkers first descended upon Westeros, and the Andal Invasion when the Andals invaded from Essos and conquered most of Westeros."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects | Title sequence", "text": "Entertainment Weekly named the title sequence one of the best on television, calling it a \"all-inclusive cruise of Westeros\"."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series", "text": "He ruled out Robert's Rebellion (the overthrow of Daenerys' father by Robert Baratheon) as a possible idea and revealed that some may be set outside Westeros."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "Each season's Blu-ray and DVD set contains several short animated sequences narrated by the cast as their characters as they detail events in the history of Westeros."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One arc is about the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the noble dynasties either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from it."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Themes", "text": "George R.R. Martin set out to make the story feel more like historical fiction than contemporary fantasy, with less emphasis on magic and sorcery and more on battles, political intrigue, and the characters, believing that magic should be used moderately in the epic fantasy genre."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The third season also returned to Morocco (including the city of Essaouira) to film Daenerys' scenes in Essos."}, {"section_header": "Production | Language", "text": "Characters foreign to Westeros often have a non-British accent."}], "text": "It was set on the fictional contents of Westeros and Essos.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145\u2013165 tons (160\u2013182 metric tons)."}], "id": "F6SsJEN2X5UAWp53JL5m", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The human figures would be outlined in the rock wall first, then chipped away until only the image was left."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The mo\u02bbai are monolithic statues, their minimalist style related to forms found throughout Polynesia."}, {"section_header": "History | Mo\u02bbai Kavakava", "text": "These figures are believed to have been made after the civilization on Rapa Nui began to collapse, which is why they seem to have a more emaciated appearance to them."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In the nineteenth century, this led to conjecture that the island was the remnant of a sunken continent and that most completed mo\u02bbai were under the sea."}, {"section_header": "History | Mo\u02bbai Kavakava", "text": "Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position.\" These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Some completed statues at Rano Raraku were placed there permanently and not parked temporarily awaiting removal."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "All but 53 of the more than 900 mo\u02bbai known to date were carved from tuff (a compressed volcanic ash) from Rano Raraku, where 394 mo\u02bbai in varying states of completion are still visible today."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "That idea has long been debunked, and now it is understood that:  Some statues were rock carvings and never intended to be completed."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The purpose of the project is to understand the figures' original use, context, and meaning, with the results being provided to the Rapa Nui families and the island's public agencies that are responsible for conservation and preservation of the mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145\u2013165 tons (160\u2013182 metric tons)."}], "text": "Mo\u02bbai are monolithic human figures and they were all completed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}], "id": "F7BAXennDGzR40hAIAWI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She died in 1926; in her will, she established a fund for a Georges Bizet prize, to be awarded annually to a composer under 40 who had \"produced a remarkable work within the previous five years\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges, an only child, showed early aptitude for music and quickly picked up the basics of musical notation from his mother, who probably gave him his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges was interviewed by Joseph Meifred, the horn virtuoso who was a member of the Conservatoire's Committee of Studies."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"In Bizet's family circle, his father Adolphe died in 1886."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "He was registered as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold, but baptised as \"Georges\" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After its premiere on 3 March 1875, Bizet was convinced that the work was a failure; he died of a heart attack three months later, unaware that it would prove a spectacular and enduring success."}, {"section_header": "Life | Marriage", "text": "Fromental had left two daughters; the elder, Esther, died in 1864, an event which so traumatised Mme."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}], "text": "Georges Bizet died in his early 40s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages."}, {"section_header": "Linguistics and poetics", "text": "The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than \"non-sense\", allowing the reader to infer meaning and therefore engage with narrative while lexical allusions swim under the surface of the poem."}], "id": "FARNCmOtdfCYMdBu1XkT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The word \"jabberwocky\" itself has come to refer to nonsense language."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"It is often now cited as one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the English language, the source for countless parodies and tributes."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "It has been suggested that it comes from the Anglo-Cornish word tulgu, 'darkness', which in turn comes from the Cornish language tewolgow 'darkness, gloominess'."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky \" is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English."}, {"section_header": "Linguistics and poetics", "text": "The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than \"non-sense\", allowing the reader to infer meaning and therefore engage with narrative while lexical allusions swim under the surface of the poem."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as \"galumphing\" and \"chortle\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She holds a mirror to one of the poems and reads the reflected verse of \"Jabberwocky\"."}, {"section_header": "Music, film and video games", "text": "According to Jaques and Giddens, it distinguished itself by stressing the humor and nonsense of the poem."}, {"section_header": "Origin and publication", "text": "The ballad had been translated into English in blank verse by Carroll's cousin Menella Bute Smedley in 1846, many years before the appearance of the Alice books."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages."}], "text": "The poem with its subversive nonsensical language allows the user to come to their own conclusions on the appearance of the creature.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Jabberwocky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk."}], "id": "FBPX4YMKSaEcBleJlIDa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 \u2013 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In October 1981, the Prince and Princess visited Wales."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens, London"}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The English text on souvenir sheets issued reads \"DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES"}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Honours | Honorary military appointments", "text": "The Princess of Wales held the following military appointments:   Australia: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Survey Corps Canada: Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales Own Regiment : Colonel-in-Chief of the West"}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Divorce", "text": "Diana lost the style \"Her Royal Highness\" and instead was styled Diana, Princess of Wales."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Rosa 'Princess of Wales', a white blend rose cultivar, is named in honour of Diana."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "It was also not sold in the United Kingdom in order to prevent from creating a competition with Rosa 'Princess of Wales'."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Princess Diana Memorial Austria is the first memorial dedicated to Diana, Princess of Wales, in a German-speaking country."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas", "text": "The Diana Princess of Wales Health Education and Media Centre in Noida, India, was opened in her honour in November 1999, funded by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to give social support to the people affected by leprosy and disability."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk."}], "text": "The Princess of Wales was born outside of Wales.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1981, it follows Arthur Fleck, a failed stand-up comedian whose descent into insanity and nihilism inspires a violent counter-cultural revolution against the wealthy in a decaying Gotham City."}], "id": "FGOiOW156FqUrbQH46y4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "While the film's premise was inspired by Alan Moore and Brian Bolland's graphic novel Batman: The Killing Joke (1988), which depicts the Joker as a failed stand-up comedian"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Despite this, Joker became a major box office success and set records for an October release."}, {"section_header": "Future | Cultural impact", "text": "During a Five Star Movement event in October 2019, Italian comedian and politician Beppe Grillo gave a speech wearing the Joker's makeup."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Although Batman himself does not appear in Joker, it ends with the murder of Thomas and Martha, which in the comics inspires Bruce to take on the Batman persona."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joker premiered at the 76th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2019, where it won the Golden Lion, and was released in the United States on October 4, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "After the successful release of Wonder Woman (2017), DC Films decided to deemphasize the shared nature of its DC-based film franchise, the DC Extended Universe (DCEU)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joker is the first live-action theatrical Batman film to receive an R-rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, due to its violent and disturbing content."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "Actor Mark Hamill, who has voiced the Joker since the 1992 cartoon Batman: The Animated Series, expressed enthusiasm on Twitter."}, {"section_header": "Production | Post-production", "text": "Phillips confirmed he was in the process of editing Joker in March 2019."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "De Niro said his role in Joker pays homage to his character from The King of Comedy (1983), Rupert Pupkin, who is a comedian obsessed with a talk-show host."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1981, it follows Arthur Fleck, a failed stand-up comedian whose descent into insanity and nihilism inspires a violent counter-cultural revolution against the wealthy in a decaying Gotham City."}], "text": "The 2019 film Joker is about a successful comedian who fights Batman.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joker (2019 film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 \u2013 September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist."}], "id": "FHLXMEZ2GRjKPehYn3H7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "The brand started with salad dressing and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Paul Newman remained a friend of the company until his death and discussed at numerous times possible productions in which he could star with his wife, Joanne Woodward."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "It was produced and directed by David Winters, who co-owned a number of racing cars with Newman."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's Own Cookbook."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "died on the morning of September 26, 2008, in the company of his family."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Simon & Schuster, 1998; ISBN 0-684-84832-5. Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In 2011 Paul Newman's estate gifted land to Westport to be managed by the Aspetuck Land Trust."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "During the 1976 auto racing season, Newman became interested in forming a professional auto racing team and contacted Bill Freeman who introduced Newman to professional auto racing management, and their company specialized in Can-Am, Indy Cars, and other high-performance racing automobiles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 \u2013 September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist."}], "text": "Paul Newman owned a salad dressing company and was the mayor of Los Angeles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}], "id": "FIylOfbhURCi0BTuu6Vu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The 2016 film of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring Lily James, Sam Riley and Matt Smith."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Marvel has also published their take on this classic by releasing a short comic series of five issues that stays true to the original storyline."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime, abridged by Sara Davies and read by Sophie Thompson."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that First Impressions was an epistolary novel."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "It was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by Hugo Petrus."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "Austen began writing the novel after staying at Goodnestone Park in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796."}], "text": "The latest movie adapted from the novel was released in  2005.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall f\u00eate in Woolton."}], "id": "FKYrs95UEF9C8OkxlYPY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon", "text": "Though McCartney had a strained relationship with Lennon, they briefly became close again in early 1974, and played music together on one occasion."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman", "text": "She commented, \"It was John who interested me at the start."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon", "text": "This was their last time together."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman", "text": "About their relationship, Paul said, \"We had a lot of fun together ... just the nature of how we are"}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon", "text": "McCartney often phoned Lennon, but was apprehensive about the reception he would receive."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2000\u20132009", "text": "The group continues to play together; McCartney has played live with Brian Ray, Rusty Anderson, Abe Laboriel Jr. and Wix Wickens longer than he played live with the Beatles."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "In 1983, McCartney said: \"I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John was going to die."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "It seemed a very flippant comment to make.\" He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder, and his last conversation with Lennon: I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed, and the first thing she said was, \"John was really fond of you."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon", "text": "On 24 April 1976, McCartney and Lennon were watching an episode of Saturday Night Live at Lennon's home in the Dakota when Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer for the Beatles to reunite."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon", "text": "McCartney's last telephone call to Lennon, days before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy, was friendly: \"[It is] a consoling factor for me, because I do feel it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall f\u00eate in Woolton."}], "text": "Paul McCartney and John Lennon started playing music together in 1952.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}], "id": "FKzbaAcbJNY5olN9CNXx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}], "text": "The film A Bell for Adano was based on an unpublished auto-biography.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge, the world's first major steel-wire suspension bridge, uses a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge design, with both horizontal and diagonal suspender cables."}], "id": "FU0wXICut6pB13y2k8Oq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is supported by four main cables, which descend from the tops of the suspension towers and help support the deck."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The side spans, between each suspension tower and each side's suspension anchorages, are 930 feet (280 m) long."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "This was the first use of bundling in a suspension bridge and took several months for workers to tie together."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge, the world's first major steel-wire suspension bridge, uses a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge design, with both horizontal and diagonal suspender cables."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The main span between the two suspension towers is 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) long and 85 feet (26 m) wide."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "However, due to a supplier's fraudulent substitution of inferior-quality cable in the initial construction, the bridge was reappraised at the time as being only four times as strong as necessary."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "He had previously designed and constructed shorter suspension bridges, such as Roebling's Delaware Aqueduct in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, and the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "Each side of the bridge contains an anchorage for the main cables."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "At the time of construction, engineers had not yet discovered the aerodynamics of bridge construction, and bridge designs were not tested in wind tunnels."}], "text": "The bridge is a combination of cable and suspension.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}], "id": "FXPzsWNofKSRnVznYF8Z", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "The Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built the northern porch of the mosque with three gates in 1218."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Dome", "text": "Al-Aqsa's dome is one of the few domes to be built in front of the mihrab during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the others being the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (715) and the Great Mosque of Sousse (850)."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "In contrast, Creswell, while referring to the Aphrodito Papyri, claims that Abd al-Malik's son, al-Walid I, reconstructed the Aqsa Mosque over a period of six months to a year, using workers from Damascus."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "This site was 60 meters (200 ft) away from the mosque."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Administration", "text": "Ownership of the al-Aqsa Mosque is a contentious issue in the Israel-Palestinian conflict."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Administration", "text": "However, Israeli Security Forces are permitted to patrol and conduct searches within the perimeter of the mosque."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Access", "text": "Until 2000, non-Muslim visitors could enter the Al-Aqsa Mosque by getting a ticket from the Waqf."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "The excavations provoked anger throughout the Islamic world, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Administration", "text": "The Waqf Ministry of Jordan held control of the al-Aqsa Mosque until the 1967 Six-Day War."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}], "text": "The mosque, Al-Aqsa is situated in Damascus, Syria.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b], Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d \u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823 \u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution."}], "id": "Fdojy8WnR3QF7PR3NY6X", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Titled the Xuantong Emperor (Wade-Giles: Hsuan-tung Emperor),"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b], Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d \u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823 \u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The adults in his life, except for Wang, were all strangers, remote, distant, and unable to discipline him."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "\"Puyi believed Manchukuo was just the beginning, and that within a few years he would again reign as Emperor of China, having the yellow Imperial Dragon robes used for coronation of Qing emperors brought from Beijing to Changchun."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Film", "text": "John Lone played the adult Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Television", "text": "Adam Cheng played an adult Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "I was sitting to the right of the Dowager and wondering why the two adults were crying."}], "text": "As an adult, he reigned as the Xuantong emperor in China.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015."}], "id": "Fg9x1np1lrG1INF38Qjq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Image", "text": "\" Instead, her original idea was for them to be the \"male equivalent to the Spice Girls\", with each member being a part of the group but still having his own individual style."}, {"section_header": "Publications", "text": "-0-00-743625-5 Dare to Dream: Life as One Direction, HarperCollins (15 September 2011) ISBN 978-0-00-744439-7"}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us", "text": "The band embarked on the Where We Are Tour on 25 April 2014, and it was concluded on 5 October 2014."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "Members Payne, Horan, Tomlinson and Styles also posted on their individual social media pages, thanking their fans and all five current/former members for the support given through the past 10 years."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "At 16:00 (GMT+1) on 23 July 2020, One Direction premiered  a 4 minutes and 57 seconds video of memories of One Direction titled \"10 Years of One Direction\" in celebration of their anniversary."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 22 July 2020, One Direction posted on their Twitter, Instagram and YouTube accounts a picture with the words \"10 Years of One Direction\" written in it and the caption \"Tomorrow!"}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "They had originally set a goal of raising $500,000 and ended up raising $784,984."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 23 July 2020, One Direction announced a new website (10yearsof1d.com) for fans to relieve their favourite One Direction memories, but it soon crashed shortly after its announcement due to the high volume of fans entering at once."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "Caroline Watson, the band's original stylist, spoke about styling the band, \"At the beginning I didn't want them all in black or all in leather\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "In an approach pioneered by The Beatles, each member is known for his feature; Horan is \"the cute one\", Malik is \"the quiet and mysterious one\", Payne is \"the sensible one\", Styles is \"the charming one\" and Tomlinson is \"the funny one\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015."}], "text": "One Direction originally had 5 members.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The name 'Olmec' comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: \u014clm\u0113catl [o\u02d0l\u02c8me\u02d0kat\u0361\u026c] (singular) or \u014clm\u0113cah [o\u02d0l\u02c8me\u02d0ka\u0294] (plural)."}], "id": "FhUS2PHj9bYCfrXOyf5G", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "This word is composed of the two words \u014dlli [\u02c8o\u02d0l\u02d0i], meaning \"natural rubber\", and m\u0113catl [\u02c8me\u02d0kat\u0361\u026c], meaning \"people\", so the word means \"rubber people\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has been speculated that the Olmecs derived in part from the neighboring Mokaya or Mixe\u2013Zoque cultures."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The name 'Olmec' comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: \u014clm\u0113catl [o\u02d0l\u02c8me\u02d0kat\u0361\u026c] (singular) or \u014clm\u0113cah [o\u02d0l\u02c8me\u02d0ka\u0294] (plural)."}, {"section_header": "Social and political organization", "text": "no other Olmec sites come close to these in terms of area or in the quantity and quality of architecture and sculpture."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research | Etymology", "text": "A contemporary term sometimes used for the Olmec culture is tenocelome, meaning \"mouth of the jaguar\"."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research", "text": "However, at this time, most archaeologists assumed the Olmec were contemporaneous with the Maya \u2013 even Blom and La Farge were, in their own words, \"inclined to ascribe them to the Maya culture\"."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research | Etymology", "text": "The term \"Rubber People\" refers to the ancient practice, spanning from ancient Olmecs to Aztecs, of extracting latex from Castilla elastica, a rubber tree in the area."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research | Etymology", "text": "The name \"Olmec\" means \"rubber people\" in Nahuatl, the language of the Nahuas, and was the Aztec Empire term for the people who lived in the Gulf Lowlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, some 2000 years after the Olmec culture died out."}], "text": "The word \"Olmec\" derives from the Yucatec term, Olmecatl.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "This began Burnside's political career as a Republican, as he had previously been a Democrat before the war [1]."}], "id": "Fm30FWm2eKDsGUdZqGNv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His distinctive style of facial hair became known as sideburns, derived from his last name."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy | Sideburns", "text": "The syllables were later reversed to give sideburns."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | East Tennessee", "text": "Vallandigham was sentenced to imprisonment for the duration of the war and was turned into a martyr by antiwar Democrats."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Burnside, Wisconsin is named for the general."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "Burnside ran as a Democrat for one of the Congressional seats in Rhode Island in 1858 and was defeated in a landslide."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "He then went west in search of employment and became treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he worked for and became friendly with George B. McClellan, who later became one of his commanding officers."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "This began Burnside's political career as a Republican, as he had previously been a Democrat before the war [1]."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Bristol, Rhode Island, has a small street named for Burnside."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "In July, his forces were transported north to Newport News, Virginia and became the IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac."}], "text": "Ambrose Burnside, the man for who sideburns are named, became a Democrat after the Civil War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}], "id": "FmAxQJaUAS19D1ULjl1p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later years", "text": "Two of Gordon's grandchildren were present for his induction ceremony."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Gordon's success led to the release of 33-year-old Tony Lazzeri following the 1937 season, and he made his debut with the Yankees in April 1938."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He returned to the Yankees in 1946, which turned out to be his most challenging year in major league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "But the Yankees finished two games behind Detroit, in the only year between 1936 and 1943 that they lost the pennant."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "After the Series, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, \"The greatest all-around ballplayer I ever saw, and I don't bar any of them, is Joe Gordon.\" Gordon led the Yankees to another pennant in his 1942 MVP season, edging Triple Crown winner Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox for the award."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "As the rest of the Yankees headed to The Bronx to begin the 1946 regular season, Gordon stayed behind in Florida for a month to recover."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "With Gordon-ally Joe McCarthy resigning from the Yankees club in May 1946 and following his worst season in baseball, Gordon was in trouble."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "As a result, he batted .210 with 11 HR and 47 RBI, much to the displeasure of new Yankees president/general manager Larry MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He threw out the final batter of the Series with the tying runs on base in the 2\u20130 Game 5 victory, with the Yankees taking home another title."}], "text": "Gordon's nickname was Great Yankee.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Gordon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor."}], "id": "FoxE7rWNEmhJddnPpl9s", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "In June 1902, the local newspaper said, \"Roger bobs up every summer and makes his farewell to the baseball public.\" His 1903 retirement was earnest though; he attended a 1904 Springfield-Norwich game as a retired spectator."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: \"Roger Connor was a complete player \u2014 a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds).\"He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connor was born in Waterbury, Connecticut."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "Connor experimented with some changes to his batting style that year."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor attracted some attention by wearing eyeglasses on the field."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Connor was inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976."}], "text": "Roger Connor had roots from Ireland.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Though there has never been any proof of homosexual activity between them, Kennedy would often, and even when married, share a bedroom with his lifelong friend."}], "id": "Fp7fwOlpaJZko6DWurBL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Lem Billings was a close and long-time friend of Kennedy and the Kennedy family."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Billings had his own room in which to stay at several of John F. Kennedy's residences."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1961\u20131963)", "text": "John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945)", "text": "\"There's no bluffing.\" Two decades later, Kennedy and Koehler's stepson, U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell had become good friends and political allies, although they had been acquaintances since the mid-1930s during their \"salad days\" on the same Newport debutante party \"circuit\" and when Pell had dated Kathleen (\"Kick\") Kennedy."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "John F. Kennedy's grave is lit with an \"Eternal Flame\"."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945) | Commanding PT-59", "text": "Kennedy's two original medals are currently on display at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum."}, {"section_header": "Congressional career (1947\u20131960) | Senate (1953\u20131960)", "text": "The U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy Story, which exhibited a day in the life of the Senator and showcased his family life as well as the inner workings of his office to solve Massachusetts-related issues."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "\"Lem\" Billings. During his years at Choate, Kennedy was beset by health problems that culminated with his emergency hospitalization in 1934 at Yale New Haven Hospital, where doctors suspected leukemia."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Wife and children", "text": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., nicknamed \"John-John\" by the press as a child, was born in late November 1960, 17 days after his father was elected."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "According to the JFK Library, \"I Have a Rendezvous with Death\", by Alan Seeger \"was one of John F. Kennedy's favorite poems and he often asked his wife to recite it\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Though there has never been any proof of homosexual activity between them, Kennedy would often, and even when married, share a bedroom with his lifelong friend."}], "text": "John F. Kennedy would sleep in the same room at night with Lem Billings, a close friend and family acquaintance.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "John F. Kennedy"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He served as a high-ranking executive, including club president and general manager, with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, and was a one-third owner of the Yankees from 1945 through 1947."}], "id": "Fpq3yunAnBmwHV4McqoK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "Returning from the war, MacPhail served as president, co-owner and general manager for the New York Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Since 1966, Minor League Baseball has annually awarded the Larry MacPhail Award to recognize the top promotional effort by a minor league team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He served as a high-ranking executive, including club president and general manager, with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, and was a one-third owner of the Yankees from 1945 through 1947."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "Though he had already quit as chief executive in the Yankee locker room, books by Roger Kahn and others indicate MacPhail's behavior at the victory parties led to co-owners Dan Topping and Del Webb buying out his share of the ballclub."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He held the position for thirteen months, until he was removed from the position and barred entirely from the track; he was accused of \"using profanity to three horse owners\" and \"charged with being drunk and disorderly."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail's sons and grandsons were also sports executives."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "The men decided not to execute the trade after they sobered up."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "In 1939, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award."}], "text": "MacPhail served as a top executive in three MLB franchises.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The young Franco spent much of his childhood with his two brothers, Nicol\u00e1s and Ram\u00f3n, and his two sisters, Mar\u00eda del Pilar and Mar\u00eda de la Paz."}], "id": "Fv4yFGdpX7fff707RF1a", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Until the 1970s women could not open a bank account without having it co-signed by her father or husband."}, {"section_header": "Exhumation", "text": "Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo Poyato stated that having Franco buried at the monument \"shows a lack of respect ... for the victims buried there\"."}, {"section_header": "Exhumation", "text": "Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was also the second sibling to die, killed in an air accident on a military mission in 1938.Franco's father was a naval officer who reached the rank of vice admiral (intendente general)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te\u00f3dulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Te\u00f3dulo for the saint day of his birth."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "Francisco was to follow his father into the Navy, but as a result of the Spanish\u2013American War the country lost much of its navy as well as most of its colonies."}, {"section_header": "Military career | During the Second Spanish Republic | 1936 general election", "text": "Francisco Largo Caballero declared that \"the organized proletariat will carry everything before it and destroy everything until we reach our goal\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The young Franco spent much of his childhood with his two brothers, Nicol\u00e1s and Ram\u00f3n, and his two sisters, Mar\u00eda del Pilar and Mar\u00eda de la Paz."}], "text": "Francisco Franco did not have siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francisco Franco"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "No copy of the original production survives, and scholarly analysis indicates that the revised version is an incomplete form of Old Comedy."}], "id": "FvvaMMC9dSuLIRIPCJPQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was revised between 420 and 417 BC and was thereafter circulated in manuscript form."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Since Cleon died in 422 it can be assumed that this appeal was retained from the original production in 423 and thus the extant play must be a partial revision of the original play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "It is possible that the concealed Chorus was not fully audible to the audience and this might have been a factor in the original play's failure."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Thus the original production of The Clouds in 423 BC came at a time when Athens was looking forward to a period of peace."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "During the parabasis proper (lines 518\u201362), the Chorus reveals that the original play was badly received when it was produced."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "The scientific speculations of Ionian thinkers such as Thales in the sixth century were becoming commonplace knowledge in Aristophanes' time and this had led, for instance, to a growing belief that civilized society was not a gift from the gods but rather had developed gradually from primitive man's animal-like existence."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "No copy of the original production survives, and scholarly analysis indicates that the revised version is an incomplete form of Old Comedy."}, {"section_header": "Performances", "text": "The Oxford University Dramatic Society staged it in the original Greek in 1905, with C.W.Mercer as Strepsiades and Compton Mackenzie as Pheidippides."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Superior Argument sides with Justice and the gods, offering to prepare Pheidippides for an earnest life of discipline,  typical of men who respect the old ways; Inferior Argument, denying the existence of Justice, offers to prepare him for a life of ease and pleasure, typical of men who know how to talk their way out of trouble."}], "text": "There is no original print of the manuscript in existence of The Clouds.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years."}], "id": "Fx1Jx5zDBkJuRMKrjFBK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Time included it in \"TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\"."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about two deaf best friends.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [be\u02c8ni\u02d0to musso\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 29 July 1883 \u2013 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party."}], "id": "FyO54sy3uywgAqiCooKG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "The Fascisti grew rapidly; within two years they transformed themselves into the National Fascist Party at a congress in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [be\u02c8ni\u02d0to musso\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 29 July 1883 \u2013 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "In Mussolini's thinking, demography was destiny; nations with rising populations were nations destined to conquer; and nations with falling populations were decaying powers that deserved to die."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "In early 1918 Mussolini called for the emergence of a man \"ruthless and energetic enough to make a clean sweep\" to revive the Italian nation."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "Borrowing the idea first developed by Enrico Corradini before 1914 of the natural conflict between \"plutocratic\" nations like Britain and \"proletarian\" nations like Italy, Mussolini claimed that Italy's principal problem was that \"plutocratic\" countries like Britain were blocking Italy from achieving the necessary spazio vitale that would let the Italian economy grow."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Beginning of Fascism and service in World War I", "text": "Mussolini continued to promote the need of a revolutionary vanguard elite to lead society."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "The idea behind Mussolini's foreign policy was that of spazio vitale (vital space), a concept in Fascism that was analogous to Lebensraum in German National Socialism."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "Though biological racism was less prominent in Fascism than in National Socialism, right from the start the spazio vitale concept had a strong racist undercurrent."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple had a son the following year and named him Benito Albino Mussolini."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "Mussolini and the fascists managed to be simultaneously revolutionary and traditionalist; because this was vastly different from anything else in the political climate of the time, it is sometimes described as \"The Third Way\"."}], "text": "Benito Mussolini lead the National Fascist Party.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Benito Mussolini"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}], "id": "Fz8IiiTxar5IaeHqPNw2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "All the King's Men portrays the dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist in the American South during the 1930s."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Nevertheless, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men is magnificently vital reading, a book so charged with dramatic tension"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Warren claimed that All the King's Men was \"never intended to be a book about politics\"."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "A Soviet TV adaptation named Vsya Korolevskaya Rat' (All the King's Men) was produced in 1971 by Byelorussian TV."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Willie Stark", "text": "It is a little graceless of me to call this characteristic unfortunate, and to quarrel with it, for certainly the journalistic relevance of All the King's Men had a good deal to do with what interest it evoked."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "The Sun Also Rises, and The Great Gatsby."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947."}], "text": "All the King's Men was a film about a dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All the King's Men"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "One of those children, Vladimir Davydov, whom the composer would nickname 'Bob', would become very close to him."}], "id": "FzNVMmvDAk4ftngzTuIR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's \"strongest, longest and purest love\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "While Tchaikovsky called her his \"best friend\" they agreed to never meet under any circumstances."}, {"section_header": "Life | Civil service; pursuing music | Growing fame; budding opera composer", "text": "Between these projects, Tchaikovsky started to compose an opera called Mandragora, to a libretto by Sergei Rachinskii; the only music he completed was a short chorus of Flowers and Insects."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (n\u00e9 Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka."}, {"section_header": "Music | Compositional style | Structure", "text": "Tchaikovsky placed blocks of dissimilar tonal and thematic material alongside one another, with what Keller calls \"new and violent contrasts\" between musical themes, keys, and harmonies."}, {"section_header": "Music | Aesthetic impact", "text": "And yet, even when writing so-called 'programme' music, for example his Romeo and Juliet fantasy overture, he cast it in sonata form."}, {"section_header": "Life | Return to Russia", "text": "Although critics proved hostile, with C\u00e9sar Cui calling the symphony \"routine\" and \"meretricious\", both works were received with extreme enthusiasm by audiences and Tchaikovsky, undeterred, continued to conduct the symphony in Russia and Europe."}, {"section_header": "Music | Compositional style | Orchestration", "text": "Musicologist Martin Cooper calls this practice a subtle form of unifying a piece of music and adds that Tchaikovsky brought it to a high point of refinement. (For more on this practice, see the next section.) Like other late Romantic composers, Tchaikovsky relied heavily on orchestration for musical effects."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "One of those children, Vladimir Davydov, whom the composer would nickname 'Bob', would become very close to him."}], "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had a nephew he liked to call Fred.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus."}], "id": "FzfBF3lpPlnPLjziLlNY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "First reign", "text": "While he was in Illyria the Molossians rose in rebellion, drove out Pyrrhus' supporters, and returned Neoptolemus to the throne."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Pyrrhus was raised by Beroea, Glaukias' wife, a Molossian of the Aeacidae dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "Pyrrhus was informed of a plot against his life and decided to strike first."}, {"section_header": "First reign", "text": "In 307 BC, Glaukias invaded Epirus and put Pyrrhus on the throne."}, {"section_header": "First reign", "text": "Pyrrhus was only eleven years old, so his guardians ruled in his stead until he came of age."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "He first isolated Pyrrhus from his traditional ally the Ptolemies, by marrying Arsinoe, the sister of Ptolemy II."}, {"section_header": "Exile | Ptolemy", "text": "I's stepdaughter Antigone (a daughter of Berenice I of Egypt from her first husband Philip\u2014"}, {"section_header": "First reign", "text": "When he was seventeen he travelled to the court of Glaukias in Illyria to attend the wedding of one of Glaukias' sons."}, {"section_header": "First reign", "text": "This time Glaukias was unable to help him."}], "text": "Pyrrhus was ruler of the Molossians at first.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610\u20131611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone."}], "id": "G2oSL2dN36orvGM9OuYb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Date and sources | Date", "text": "It is considered one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610\u20131611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Feminist", "text": "Because of the small role women play in the story in comparison to other Shakespeare plays, The Tempest has attracted much feminist criticism."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century and beyond", "text": "By the end of 2005, BBC Radio had aired 21 productions of The Tempest, more than any other play by Shakespeare."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "Among those who wrote incidental music to The Tempest are:  Arthur Sullivan: his graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a set of incidental music to \"The Tempest\"."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "As part of Random House's Hogarth Shakespeare series of contemporary reimaginings of Shakespeare plays by contemporary writers, Margaret Atwood's 2016 novel Hag-Seed is based on The Tempest."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "The French philosopher Ernest Renan wrote a closet drama, Caliban: Suite de La Temp\u00eate (Caliban: Sequel to The Tempest), in 1878."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century and beyond", "text": "In 2016 The Tempest was produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company."}, {"section_header": "Themes and motifs | The Theatre", "text": "Thomas Campbell in 1838 was the first to consider that Prospero was meant to partially represent Shakespeare, but then abandoned that idea when he came to believe that The Tempest was an early play."}], "text": "The Tempest was the 1st play Shakespeare wrote alone.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" was first published in 1820."}], "id": "G4Kj3OomDdmHo83gHjKj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" was first published in 1820."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "With \"Rip Van Winkle\", \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "The Hollow (2004), an ABC Family television film starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco, and focusing on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "He told her and her family he liked to give his characters the names of people he had met."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a J\u00e4ger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film directed by Pierre Gang and starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio", "text": "Bing Crosby recreated his Disney narration in Walt Disney's Ichabod and the Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Decca Records (DAU-725) in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact", "text": "Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held \"Legend Weekend\", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow."}], "text": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was composed by the author while he was visiting family in Australia.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern Espa\u00f1a, are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as Spania, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-Phoenician one."}], "id": "G5RFV11TIKFXBh97X64O", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom", "text": "Euric (466), who put an end to the last remnants of Roman power in the peninsula, may be considered the first monarch of Spain, though the Suebians still maintained their independence in Galicia."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "A sizeable portion of foreign residents in Spain also comes from other Western and Central European countries."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "Spain is a transcontinental country, having territory in both Europe and Africa."}, {"section_header": "History | Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom", "text": "Athanagild, having risen against King Agila, called in the Byzantines and, in payment for the succour they gave him, ceded to them the maritime places of the southeast (554)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern Espa\u00f1a, are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as Spania, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-Phoenician one."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Administrative divisions | Autonomous communities", "text": "The Statutes of Autonomy establish the name of the community according to its historical and contemporary identity, the limits of its territories, the name and organisation of the institutions of government and the rights they enjoy according to the constitution."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of Espa\u00f1a (Spain) took its name."}, {"section_header": "History | Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom", "text": "Roman rule was bound together by law, language, and the Roman road."}, {"section_header": "History | Civil War and Francoist dictatorship", "text": "The name of \"Movimiento Nacional\", sometimes understood as a wider structure than the FET y de las JONS proper, largely imposed over the later's name in official documents along the 1950s."}], "text": "The name Spain is considered to have come from the Romans.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Spain"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754."}], "id": "G9sqvtAilEYqD9qmpi78", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architecture", "text": "The rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts cover 14.4 hectares (36 acres), although the mosque itself is about 12 acres (5 ha) in area and can hold up to 5,000 worshippers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "The excavations provoked anger throughout the Islamic world, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "In 713\u201314, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "The Royal Stoa was destroyed along with the Temple during the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "Guy le Strange claims that Abd al-Malik used materials from the destroyed Church of Our Lady to build the mosque and points to possible evidence that substructures on the southeast corners of the mosque are remains of the church."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was rebuilt again in 780. Another earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later the Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built another mosque whose outline is preserved in the current structure."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "Some paintings by an Italian artist were introduced when repairs were undertaken at the mosque after an earthquake ravaged the mosque in 1927."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "For example, Sahih al-Bukhari quotes Abu Darda as saying: \"the Prophet of God Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Aqsa Mosque is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque has never been destroyed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County."}], "id": "GCwbZZPRzaqjP9TpYd5B", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A black leopard was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Unconfirmed sightings, known as the \"North American black panther\", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Cornell Woolrich's novel Black Alibi (1942) features a black jaguar that escapes from captivity and wreaks havoc in a Mexican town."}], "text": "A black panther was seen in 2019 in Kenya.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "In psychotherapy", "text": "Some scholars have suggested the Duchy of W\u00fcrttemberg; others have suggested an allusion to Marlowe's own Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5) Psychodynamic therapy uses the idea of a Faustian bargain to explain defence mechanisms, usually rooted in childhood, that sacrifice elements of the self in favor of some form of psychical survival."}], "id": "GEz1JM9zGE3pywWUIDjV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust  (c. 1480\u20131540)."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Another important version of the legend is the play Faust, written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe."}, {"section_header": "In psychotherapy", "text": "Some scholars have suggested the Duchy of W\u00fcrttemberg; others have suggested an allusion to Marlowe's own Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5) Psychodynamic therapy uses the idea of a Faustian bargain to explain defence mechanisms, usually rooted in childhood, that sacrifice elements of the self in favor of some form of psychical survival."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "During the term of the bargain, Faust makes use of Mephistopheles in various ways."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Faust", "text": "Directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, 2011 \u2013 German-language film starring Johannes Zeiler, Anton Adasinsky, Isolda Dychauk."}, {"section_header": "In psychotherapy", "text": "For the psychotic, a Faustian bargain with an omnipotent self can offer the imaginary refuge of a psychic retreat at the price of living in unreality."}, {"section_header": "Musical adaptations | Operatic", "text": "The Faust legend has been the basis for several major operas: for a more complete list, visit Works based on Faust"}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | The Last Faust", "text": "Directed by Philipp Humm, 2019 \u2013 a contemporary feature art film directly based on Goethe's Faust, Part One and Faust, Part Two."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "The first part, which is the one more closely connected to the earlier legend, was published in 1808, the second posthumously in 1832."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century, often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun."}], "text": "The Faustian bargain is often used in all types of therapy from the German legend based on Johann Faust.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}], "id": "GFLIJseOgFdMuWPDAghm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "A few town scenes were shot in Columbia State Historic Park, a preserved Gold Rush mining town near Sonora, but most of the street scenes were filmed on the Columbia Movie Ranch in Burbank."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "As a signatory to the production loan, Foreman remained with the High Noon project; but before the film's release, he sold his partnership share to Kramer and moved to Britain, knowing that he would not find further work in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "High Noon was selected by the Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" in 1989, the NFR's first year of existence."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "Cinematographer Floyd Crosby (father of musician David Crosby) also won a Golden Globe Award for his work on the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film \u2014 an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Fleischer says his RKO contract prevented him from directing High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The story of High Noon takes place in the Old West"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In any event, respect for the Western hero has not been diminished by High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Lee Van Cleef made his film debut in High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"I made Rio Bravo because I didn't like High Noon\", Hawks explained."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}], "text": "High Noon was shot in the Golden State.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "High Noon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}], "id": "GIOY5QNjNXrqkDhi7jLw", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hannah's ex-husband Mickey, a television writer, is present mostly in scenes outside of the primary story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She finds her relationship with Frederick no longer intellectually or sexually stimulating, in spite of (or maybe because of) Frederick's professed interest in continuing to teach her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Holly's story is the film's third main arc."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A minor arc in the film tells part of the story of Norma and Evan."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters story depicts a complicated relationship with her husband.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The name derives from Latin calx \"lime\", which was obtained from heating limestone."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air."}], "id": "GIpXPmJzvQgu7hZ45zXv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Safety | Metallic calcium", "text": "Because calcium reacts exothermically with water and acids, calcium metal coming into contact with bodily moisture results in severe corrosive irritation."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Binding", "text": "Calcium ions may be complexed by proteins through binding the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues; through interacting with phosphorylated serine, tyrosine, or threonine residues; or by being chelated by \u03b3-carboxylated amino acid residues."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The name derives from Latin calx \"lime\", which was obtained from heating limestone."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Metallic calcium", "text": "When swallowed, calcium metal has the same effect on the mouth, oesophagus, and stomach, and can be fatal."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The ancient Romans instead used lime mortars made by heating limestone (CaCO3); the name \"calcium\" itself derives from the Latin word calx \"lime\"."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In his table of the elements, Lavoisier listed five \"salifiable earths\" (i.e., ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts ("}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "salis = salt, in Latin): chaux (calcium oxide), magn\u00e9sie (magnesia, magnesium oxide), baryte (barium sulfate), alumine (alumina, aluminium oxide), and silice (silica, silicon dioxide))."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical", "text": "The chemistry of calcium is that of a typical heavy alkaline earth metal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}], "text": "Calcium is an acidic metal and means \"expose\" in Latin.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California."}], "id": "GL4q4xSBobLSuPjzX21V", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rising politician | Congressional career | California congressman (1947\u22121950)", "text": "Nixon flew to California and was selected by the committee."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Congressional career | U.S. Senate (1950\u22121953)", "text": "In the Senate, Nixon took a prominent position in opposing global communism, traveling frequently and speaking out against it."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Congressional career | U.S. Senate (1950\u22121953)", "text": "In 1949, Nixon began to consider running for the United States Senate against the Democratic incumbent, Sheridan Downey, and entered the race in November."}, {"section_header": "1968 presidential election", "text": "In June, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a Democratic candidate, was assassinated just moments after his victory in the California primary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Congressional career | U.S. Senate (1950\u22121953)", "text": "He maintained friendly relations with his fellow anti-communist, controversial Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy, but was careful to keep some distance between himself and McCarthy's allegations."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "Eulogists at the Nixon Library ceremony included President Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole, California Governor Pete Wilson, and the Reverend Billy Graham."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953\u20131961)", "text": "Among the candidates considered along with Nixon were Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, New Jersey Governor Alfred Driscoll and Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "Senate Minority Leader Hugh Scott, Senator Barry Goldwater, and House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes met with Nixon soon after."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1950, he was elected to the Senate."}], "text": "Nixon was a senator for California.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}], "id": "GLXtETGpepGUhRjCh91A", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "While on holiday in the Bahamas with his family, he broke his wrist."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Griffey family resides in Winter Garden, Florida, where Ken Griffey Sr. is also a resident."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The retirement took effect with the start of the 2016 MLB season, with the formal ceremony taking place prior to the Mariners' August 6, 2016 game."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "On January 6, 2016, Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 99.32 percent of the vote, breaking the record previously held by Tom Seaver's 98.84 percent in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2000\u20132004", "text": "For several weeks, Griffey's right leg was in a sling that kept it at a 90-degree angle, and he was not able to move the leg until late October."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "His 35 home runs were his highest since his first year with the Reds as Griffey slowly moved up the career home run list."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "At the beginning of the 2007 Major League Baseball season, Ryan Freel took over center field for the Reds, and Griffey Jr. was moved to right field."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "The walk-off single was the final hit and RBI of Griffey's Major League Baseball career, and moved him past Rafael Palmeiro to 14th on the all-time RBI list."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Griffey released a series of charity wines to support The Ken Griffey Jr. Family Foundation, a fund that supports several causes, including the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and several children's hospitals across the United States."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr.'s family moved when he was 6.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}], "id": "GLpzvcJKBeWAegCE08Mm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940) | Moscow show trials", "text": "The struggle which is in the offing transcends by far the importance of individuals, factions and parties."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "During his first two months in Turkey, Trotsky lived with his wife and eldest son at the Soviet Union Consulate in Istanbul and then at a nearby hotel in the city."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Defeat and exile (1927\u20131928)", "text": "He was expelled from the Soviet Union to Turkey in February 1929, accompanied by his wife Natalia Sedova and their eldest son, Lev."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Trotsky was openly critical of Stalinism."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Revolutionary activity and imprisonment (1896\u20131898)", "text": "From then on Trotsky identified as a member of the party."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "In Siberia, Trotsky studied philosophy."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "Trotsky and other Iskra editors attended."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Civil War (1918\u20131920) | 1918", "text": "Comrade Trotsky has come to speak to you."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | A year in the wilderness (1925)", "text": "For Trotsky, 1925 was a difficult year."}, {"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}], "text": "Trotsky was the eldest of his siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time \u2013 \"Yet some of the novel\u2019s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse\"."}], "id": "GXFtQEskEZgWtVOYr9gk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time \u2013 \"Yet some of the novel\u2019s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse\"."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Love", "text": "Feminist critics argue that reading of Wuthering Heights as a love not only \"romanticizes abusive men and toxic relationships but goes against Bront\u00eb\u2019s clear"}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Heathcliff marries her but treats her abusively."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "World wrote \"In the whole story not a single trait of character is elicited which can command our admiration, not one of the fine feelings of our nature seems to have formed a part in the composition of its principal actors."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Yet, towards the close of the story occurs the following pretty, soft picture, which comes like the rainbow after a storm ... We strongly recommend all our readers who love novelty to get this story, for we can promise them that they never have read anything like it before."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "Considering that Edgar Linton apparently does not even have a title, this seems unlikely."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "In 1978, the BBC produced a five-part TV serialisation of the book starring Ken Hutchinson, Kay Adshead and John Duttine, with music by Carl Davis; it is considered one of the most faithful adaptations of Emily Bront\u00eb's story."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Mr and Mrs Earnshaw: Catherine's and Hindley's father, Mr Earnshaw is the master of Wuthering Heights at the beginning of Nelly's story and is described as an irascible but loving and kind-hearted man."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as \"A fiend of a book \u2013 an incredible monster  [...]"}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Thus, for example, Lockwood, the first narrator of the story, tells the story of Nelly, who herself tells the story of another character."}], "text": "Some admirers consider it not a love story, but an exploration of evil and abuse.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery."}], "id": "GXmEmC0MDetJKit2fQsZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a  historic  castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "Since 1990, the Tower of London has been cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "From 1547 onwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | White Tower", "text": "The entrance floor was probably intended for the use of the Constable of the Tower, Lieutenant of the Tower of London and other important officials."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Outer ward", "text": "Edward extended the south side of the Tower of London onto land that had previously been submerged by the River Thames."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence."}, {"section_header": "Expansion", "text": "In 1214, while the king was at Windsor Castle, Robert Fitzwalter led an army into London and laid siege to the Tower."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Layout", "text": "Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II (1377\u20131399)."}], "text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London and while under the Windsors, it was used less as a royal residence.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from."}], "id": "GYzjY4xmkjNX122PdFRD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Captive in Manchuria (1931\u20131932)", "text": "Behr commented that if Wanrong had been a stronger woman, she might have remained in Tianjin and filed for divorce, but ultimately she accepted Eastern Jewel's argument that it was her duty as a wife to follow her husband, and six weeks after the Tientsin incident, she too crossed the East China Sea to Port Arthur with Eastern Jewel to keep her company."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "WenxiuPuyi's first choice for his wife was Wenxiu, from the Erdet (\u9102\u723e\u5fb7\u7279) clan."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The second time Puyi chose Wanrong, who became Empress, while Wenxiu was designated as Consort Shu (\u6dd1\u5983)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "On one, he met a farmer's wife whose family had been evicted to make way for Japanese settlers and had almost starved to death while working as a slave in one of Manchukuo's factories."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Following the example in Japan, schoolchildren in Manchukuo at the beginning of every school day kowtowed first in the direction of Tokyo and then to a portrait of Puyi in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "Puyi's first wife Wanrong began to smoke opium during this period, which Puyi encouraged as he found her more \"manageable\" when she was in an opium daze."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He was given four photographs to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "In his family he started to care for people for the first time in his life."}], "text": "Puyi chose his wife by selecting her photograph and they met for the first time the following week.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "The word \"alcohol\" is from the Arabic kohl (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0644\u200e, romanized: al-ku\u1e25l), a powder used as an eyeliner."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English."}], "id": "GZ9PcXa4FxWvbABcWQII", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "The other simple alcohols are formed in only trace amounts."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "The word \"alcohol\" is from the Arabic kohl (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0644\u200e, romanized: al-ku\u1e25l), a powder used as an eyeliner."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "so-called as \"alcohols\" in modern chemistry after 1850.The term ethanol was invented in 1892, combining the word ethane with the \"-ol\" ending of \"alcohol\"."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Alcohol was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide Sb2S3."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as \"The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations\"."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Bartholomew Traheron, in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo, introduces the word as a term used by \"barbarous\" authors for \"fine powder.\" Vigo wrote: \"the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word \"alcohol\", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol."}], "text": "The term alcohol traces it's origins in the Arabic language.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He managed the Browns from 1924 through 1926."}], "id": "GZUXCsKa8jaJ1iACHJzc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Another son, George Jr., served as a minor league executive and as the president of the International League."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler was part of a scouting corps that Rickey assigned to look for black players, though the scouts thought they were looking for players to fill an all-black baseball team separate from MLB."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He managed the Browns from 1924 through 1926."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, \"I felt awful and terrific at the same time.\" A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Rickey, now managing the St. Louis Browns, signed Sisler to a contract worth $7,400 (equivalent to $187,020 in 2019)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and Boston Braves."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns \"Sisler Field\"."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "His .305 batting average led the team, as did his hits (177),"}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Sisler led the team in most offensive categories and his .353 batting average was second in the American League, behind Ty Cobb."}], "text": "George Sisler also served as a manager for a MLB team.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army."}], "id": "GcmNE1rQuLKkVUfWHVQy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The English victory came at great cost, as Harold's army was left in a battered and weakened state."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south", "text": "Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "One story relates that Gytha, Harold's mother, offered the victorious duke the weight of her son's body in gold for its custody, but was refused."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Death of Harold", "text": "The Chronicle of Battle Abbey states that no one knew who killed Harold, as it happened in the press of battle."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Death of Harold", "text": "Harold appears to have died late in the battle, although accounts in the various sources are contradictory."}, {"section_header": "William's preparations and landing", "text": "The Normans crossed to England a few days after Harold's victory over the Norwegians, following the dispersal of Harold's naval force, and landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000\u20138,000 English troops."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south", "text": "Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day, for the approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army."}], "text": "In the Battle of Hastings Harold was victorious.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "id": "GflaD9LyGVBy865iEBb2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "It was now redesigned by Karl Friedrich Schinkel for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "\"It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again,\" Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit said."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of six million euros."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed to vehicle traffic, and much of Pariser Platz has been turned into a cobblestone pedestrian zone."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}], "text": "The Brandenburg Gate is in a town that never had problems indirectly related to Karl Marx.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Melvin Udall is a misanthropic best-selling romance novelist in New York City, whose obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder has him avoiding stepping on sidewalk cracks while walking through the city, and eating breakfast at the same table in the same restaurant every day."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Melvin is intimidated by Simon's agent, Frank Sachs, into caring for Simon's dog, Verdell, while Simon is hospitalized."}], "id": "Gg9PV4I8CHCuM5pYMjm2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks, who co-wrote it with Mark Andrus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholson and Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively, making As Good as It Gets the most recent film to win both of the lead acting awards, and the first since 1991's The Silence of the Lambs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a homosexual artist."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "so she can care for her acutely asthmatic son Spencer."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "While Roger Ebert gave the film three stars (out of four), he called the film a \"compromise, a film that forces a smile onto material that doesn't wear one easily,\" writing that the film drew \"back to story formulas,\" but had good dialogue and performances."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "As Good as It Gets was a box office hit, opening at number three at the box office (behind Titanic and Tomorrow Never Dies) with $12.6 million, and eventually earning over $148 million domestically and $314 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Once in Baltimore, Carol persuades Melvin to take her out to have dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Although he initially does not enjoy caring for the dog, Melvin becomes emotionally attached to it."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "The Washington Post critic Desson Howe gave a generally negative review of the film, writing that it \"gets bogged down in sentimentality, while its wheels spin futilely in life-solving overdrive."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He takes an interest in his waitress, Carol Connelly, the only server at the restaurant who can tolerate his uncouth behavior."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Melvin Udall is a misanthropic best-selling romance novelist in New York City, whose obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder has him avoiding stepping on sidewalk cracks while walking through the city, and eating breakfast at the same table in the same restaurant every day."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Melvin is intimidated by Simon's agent, Frank Sachs, into caring for Simon's dog, Verdell, while Simon is hospitalized."}], "text": "In the film As Good as It Gets, the novelist takes care of the painter's pet.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "As Good as It Gets"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "In 1931 the award of the Nobel Peace prize earned her near-unanimous acclaim."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She paved the way for women by publishing several books and co-winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 with Starr."}], "id": "Gj99qvVA21Os7fWXWkrk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ACLU).In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Peace movement", "text": "Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Peace movement", "text": "As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her \"expression of an essentially American democracy.\" She donated her share of the prize money to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "In 1931 the award of the Nobel Peace prize earned her near-unanimous acclaim."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Her leadership during the conference and her travels to the Capitals of the war-torn regions were cited in nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She paved the way for women by publishing several books and co-winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 with Starr."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school."}, {"section_header": "Hull House | Feminine ideals", "text": "Addams led the \"garbage wars\"; in 1894 she became the first woman appointed as sanitary inspector of Chicago's 19th Ward."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Jane Addams was also a philosopher of peace."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Peace movement", "text": "In January 1915, she became involved in the Woman's Peace Party and was elected national chairman."}], "text": "Jane Addams became the 1st American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Jane Addams"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Although it was not exposed to sunlight, the heat-sensitive colour film stock should have been hopelessly ruined; however, when processed the shots were perfect and appeared in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "To the producers' horror, the film containers were found a week later on an airport tarmac in Cairo, sitting in the hot sun."}], "id": "GnWYdx5X6WOLXrdEOYUm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The British Film Institute placed The Bridge on the River Kwai as the 11th greatest British film."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The steel bridge was repaired and is still in use today."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as \"Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music and soundtrack", "text": "He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the \"worst job I ever had in my life\" from the point of view of time."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The comedy team of Wayne and Shuster performed a sketch titled \"Kwai Me a River\" on their 27 March 1967 TV show, in which an officer in the British Dental Corps is captured by the Japanese and, despite being comically unintimidated by any abuse the commander of the POW camp inflicts on him, is forced to build a (dental) \"bridge on the river Kwai\" for the commander and plans to include an explosive in the appliance to detonate in his mouth."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the Jerry Lewis comedy The Geisha Boy, Sessue Hayakawa lampoons his role in The Bridge on the River Kwai."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Although it was not exposed to sunlight, the heat-sensitive colour film stock should have been hopelessly ruined; however, when processed the shots were perfect and appeared in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "To the producers' horror, the film containers were found a week later on an airport tarmac in Cairo, sitting in the hot sun."}], "text": "The 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai had its footage lost but it was luckily recovered and was able to be repaired.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool."}], "id": "GrbRpSLLjPSpWwiBO04J", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, The Undertaker is a seven-time world heavyweight champion in WWF/E, having held the WWF/E Championship four times and World Heavyweight Championship three times."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998\u20131999)", "text": "The Undertaker attempted to marry Stephanie before sacrificing her in an eldritch ceremony conducted by Paul Bearer, but Austin was able to rescue her."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Post-Streak feuds (2015\u20132020)", "text": "After the match, the four men shook hands as a sign of respect, however, Undertaker and Kane would attack them."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Lord of Darkness (1996\u20131998)", "text": "He faced both Vader and Austin in a four-corners elimination match for the vacant WWF Championship at In Your House 13: Final Four, but Bret Hart won."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Calaway was married to his first wife Jodi Lynn between 1989 and 1999; they had a son, Gunner Vincent Calaway, born in 1993."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "The Undertaker has been named one of the greatest wrestlers of all time."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He has four older brothers named David, Michael, Paul, and Timothy (died March 2020)."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007\u20132010)", "text": "After this match, Undertaker took time off due to a torn right biceps."}], "text": "The Undertaker has been married four times.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Undertaker"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence and production", "text": "At 3%, calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant metal behind aluminium and iron."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}], "id": "GsP4DupKoLYbflaqsNHF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and production", "text": "At 3%, calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant metal behind aluminium and iron."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical", "text": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) are particularly abundant minerals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Isotopes", "text": "Like other elements, a variety of processes alter the relative abundance of calcium isotopes."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and production", "text": "It is also the fourth most abundant element in the lunar highlands."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "However, pure calcium cannot be prepared in bulk by this method and a workable commercial process for its production was not found until over a century later."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "In animals with skeletons mineralized with calcium, the calcium isotopic composition of soft tissues reflects the relative rate of formation and dissolution of skeletal mineral."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and"}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first dated lime kiln dates back to 2500 BC and was found in Khafajah, Mesopotamia."}], "text": "Calcium is the 4th most abundant mineral that's commonly found in homosapiens and the earth's inner core.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation."}], "id": "GtTtEAGPv8YeYN9g5t89", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on"}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms"}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "The 1522 and 1524 Diets of Nuremberg attempted to execute the judgement of the Edict of Worms against Luther, but they failed."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "26 May. The Edict declared Luther to be an obstinate heretic and banned the reading or possession of his writings."}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation."}], "text": "The Diet of Worms is least catchy for the Edict of Worms.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}], "id": "GynwDLJr4oMOHnWxs7pB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Critical reception for season 8 was again negative."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming for season 8 began in October 2017 and concluded in July 2018."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "The program documented the production of season 8 along with read-throughs and interviews with the cast."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response | Lighting issues", "text": "The criticism reached a high point during \"The Long Night\", the third episode of season 8."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Franich described seasons 3 and 4 as \"relentless\", seasons 6's ending having a \"killer one-two punch\", while seasons 7 and 8 were \"indifferent\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "For the second season, the series received a 15 percent budget increase for the climactic battle in \"Blackwater\" (which had an $8 million budget)."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Broadcast", "text": "Before the season 8 premiere, HBO screened \"The Spoils of War\" episode from season 7 in movie theaters in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Home media", "text": "A box set containing all 8 seasons, including a cast reunion hosted by Conan O'Brien, was also released on December 3, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Viewership", "text": "The show premiere was watched by 2.2 million with the first season averaged 2.5 million per episode."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}], "text": "The show ran for 8 seasons.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "The inference is, of course, that Pu Yi was either impotent, extraordinarily immature sexually, or already aware of his homosexual tendencies."}], "id": "H2w0nGQK0NwzK8yiv6dQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "Aisin-Gioro, Puyi (2002) [1964]."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "The autobiography of Puyi \u2013 ghost-written by Li Wenda."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "\u6211\u7684\u524d\u534a\u751f [The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi] (in Chinese)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "My Husband Puyi: Puyi yu wo / ["}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi and his party were all promptly taken prisoner by the Red Army, who initially did not know who Puyi was."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Film", "text": "Aisin-Gioro Puyi (\u611b\u65b0\u89ba\u7f85\u00b7\u6ea5\u5100), a 2005 Chinese documentary film on the life of Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi found this \"intoxicating\"."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She divorced Puyi in May 1957."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Puyi especially hated Longyu for that."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "He never visited Puyi after 1934."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "The inference is, of course, that Pu Yi was either impotent, extraordinarily immature sexually, or already aware of his homosexual tendencies."}], "text": "Puyi was heterosexual.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling."}], "id": "H4BOouLd2vu7w83KkJbr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bront\u00e9,  (29 September 1758 \u2013 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was named \"Horatio\" after his godfather Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723\u20131809), the first cousin of his maternal grandmother Anne Turner (1691-1768)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723\u20131809) was a younger grandson of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain,"}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Parker and the Baltic | Battle of Copenhagen", "text": "As a reward for the victory, he was created Viscount Nelson of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, on 19 May 1801."}, {"section_header": "Titles | Armorial bearings", "text": "After Nelson's death, his elder brother and heir William Nelson, 1st Earl Nelson, was granted the further augmentation: On a fess wavy overall azure the word TRAFALGAR or."}, {"section_header": "Titles", "text": "In November 1805, William Nelson was created Earl Nelson and Viscount Merton, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, in recognition of his late brother's services, and he also inherited the dukedom of Bront\u00e9."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Return to England", "text": "It was on this voyage that Horatio and Emma's illegitimate daughter Horatia was probably conceived."}, {"section_header": "Titles", "text": "Nelson's titles, as inscribed on his coffin and read out at the funeral by the Garter King at Arms, Sir Isaac Heard, were: The Most Noble Lord Horatio Nelson, Viscount and Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, Baron Nelson of the Nile and of Hilborough in the said County, Knight of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Vice Admiral of the White Squadron of the Fleet, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Ships and Vessels in the Mediterranean, Duke of Bront\u00e9 in the Kingdom of Sicily, Knight Grand Cross of the Sicilian Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, Member of the Ottoman Order of the Crescent, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of St Joachim."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Rewards", "text": "Instead, Nelson received the title Baron Nelson of the Nile."}], "text": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson was the only child from his parents.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was reconstructed between May 1639 and April 1648."}], "id": "H6mqsq9F4SRxYVLKJDDx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned reconstruction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned reconstruction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "the Second Anglo-Maratha War, forces of British East India Company defeated Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi; this ended Maratha rule of the city and their control of the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Lahori Gate", "text": "The Lahori Gate is the main gate to the Red Fort, named for its orientation towards the city of Lahore."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Reconstructed in 1639 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad, the Red Fort is named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II, became a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In 1788, a Maratha garrison permanently occupied the Red fort and Delhi and ruled north India for the next two decades until they were usurped by the British East India Company following the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803.During"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was reconstructed between May 1639 and April 1648."}], "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors, and has never been reconstructed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Fort"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it."}], "id": "H7wqXOC6weO3SiSj1rzp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers."}, {"section_header": "Film, TV and theatrical adaptations", "text": "Sons and Lovers has been adapted for the screen several times, including the Academy Award winning 1960 film, a 1981 BBC TV serial and another on ITV1 in 2003."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | In Lawrence's own words", "text": "But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers \u2013 first the eldest, then the second."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers"}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "Jenny Turner described Sons and Lovers as a semi-autobiographical work in The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion (1993)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "The critic Harold Bloom listed Sons and Lovers as one of the books that have been important and influential in Western culture in The Western Canon (1994)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "text": "The author of Sons and lovers had to rewrite the masterpiece 4 times before being satisfied with it.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "We'll miss him. '\"Crawford suffered a stroke on May 26, 1968, and died two weeks later at Hollywood Community Hospital in Los Angeles at age 88."}], "id": "HAAQOSq5cvV9wc5czFak", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "In 1927, Crawford had a role as the baseball coach in Buster Keaton's comedy film College."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "Crawford was reportedly unaware of Cobb's efforts until after Cobb died."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "He was instrumental in the development of the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association in 1927, and led USC to second-place finishes in his last two seasons."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "We'll miss him. '\"Crawford suffered a stroke on May 26, 1968, and died two weeks later at Hollywood Community Hospital in Los Angeles at age 88."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "After Cobb died, a reporter found hundreds of letters in his home responding to letters Cobb had written to influential people, lobbying for Crawford's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, in 1880, the son of Stephen O. Crawford (born 1842 in Vermont) and Nellie Crawford (born 1855 in Iowa)."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Career accomplishments", "text": "One of his contemporaries, Fielder Jones, said of Crawford: \"None of them can hit quite as hard as Crawford."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "Crawford was 59\u201346\u20133 as the USC coach."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "Crawford played four seasons for the Angels (1918\u20131921)."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds", "text": "Crawford hit .307 in 31 games with the Reds in 1899."}], "text": "Crawford died of a heart attack in 1927.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sam Crawford"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious."}], "id": "HFNBta55lu6aAZLuwChy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In fact, she is a lunatic obsessed with shooting the best baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of the story concerns itself with his attempts to return to baseball later in life, when he plays for the fictional New York Knights with his legendary bat \"Wonderboy\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Based upon the bizarre shooting incident and subsequent comeback of Philadelphia Phillies player Eddie Waitkus, the story of Roy Hobbs takes some poetic license and embellishes what was truly a strange, but memorable, account of a career lost too soon."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Being the newest player, Roy has a number of practical jokes played upon him, including the theft of his \"Wonderboy\" bat."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Memo Paris \u2013 Roy's main love interest throughout the story, Memo is Pop Fisher's niece and is often in the company of  Sands."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "The story revolves around Hobbs's quest to make a comeback years after the tragedy and, hopefully, finally to take his rightful place on the field and be remembered as one of the greatest ballplayers of all time."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel picks up 16 years later in the dugout of the New York Knights, a fictional National League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hobbs remains quiet even after Mercy offers five thousand dollars, telling him that, \"all the public is entitled to is my best game of baseball."}], "text": "The book, \"The Natural\" portrays the story of a baseball player.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Natural"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "the First-Called. In 2012, Putin announced that he was standing again as president, something Gorbachev was critical of."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "He complained that Putin's new measures had \"tightened the screws\" on Russia and that the president was trying to \"completely subordinate society\", adding that United Russia now \"embodied the worst bureaucratic features of the Soviet Communist"}], "id": "HGYTDJcWZa93O5ufd4rI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "the First-Called. In 2012, Putin announced that he was standing again as president, something Gorbachev was critical of."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "Barred by the constitution from serving more than two consecutive terms as president, Putin stood down in 2008 and was succeeded by his Prime Minister, Dmitry Medvedev, who reached out to Gorbachev in ways that Putin had not."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991", "text": "That year, opinion polls showed Yeltsin overtaking Gorbachev as the most popular politician in the Soviet Union."}, {"section_header": "General Secretary of the CPSU | Early years: 1985\u20131986 | Domestic policies", "text": "Gorbachev saw glasnost as a necessary measure to ensure perestroika by alerting the Soviet populace to the nature of the country's problems in the hope that they would support his efforts to fix them."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "Gorbachev always sought to maintain Brezhnev's trust; as regional leader, he repeatedly praised Brezhnev in his speeches, for instance referring to him as \"the outstanding statesman of our time\"."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991 | August putsch and government crises", "text": "By this point, Gorbachev was isolated from many of his former close allies and aides."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "He complained that Putin's new measures had \"tightened the screws\" on Russia and that the president was trying to \"completely subordinate society\", adding that United Russia now \"embodied the worst bureaucratic features of the Soviet Communist"}], "text": "The current Russian and former Soviet politician Mikhail Gorbachev was the country's head of state and has always been supportive of President Putin.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}], "id": "HGuUGMWipl6aJNxVZn96", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \"Grover\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was the only player elected that year."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "In 1999, he ranked number 12 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "So dominant was he during the 1910s that many players and writers of his era referred to him as \"the best pitcher to ever put on a pair of shoes\"."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander made his Philadelphia debut during the pre-season 1911 City Series, pitching five innings of no-hit, no-run baseball against the Athletics."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander posted a lifetime winning percentage of .642, compared to Mathewson's .665."}], "text": "The baseball player, Grover Cleveland Alexander was the only child.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}], "id": "HLAHlGTwTqZStN9hsL7A", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "He was the youngest of the four children of Alexis Massenet (1788\u20131863) and his second wife El\u00e9onore-Adela\u00efde n\u00e9e Royer de Marancour (1809\u20131875); the elder children were Julie, L\u00e9on and Edmond."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "Massenet was a prolific composer; he put this down to his way of working, rising early and composing from four o'clock in the morning until midday, a practice he maintained all his life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "Werther received its first performance in February 1892, when the Vienna Hofoper asked for a new piece, following the enthusiastic reception of the Austrian premiere of Manon."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "Success spoiled him ... the actual progress of musical art during the past forty years left Massenet unmoved ... he has taken no part in the evolution of modern music."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "After order was restored, Massenet returned to Paris where he completed his first large-scale stage work, an op\u00e9ra comique in four acts, Don C\u00e9sar de Bazan (Paris, 1872)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "During his time in Rome, Massenet met Franz Liszt, at whose request he gave piano lessons to Louise-Constance \"Ninon\" de Gressy, the daughter of one of Liszt's rich patrons."}, {"section_header": "Music | Recordings", "text": "Many individual m\u00e9lodies by Massenet were included in mixed recitals on record during the 20th century, and more have been committed to disc since then, including, for the first time, a CD in 2012, exclusively devoted to his songs for soprano and piano."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire."}], "text": "Jules Massenet was an Austrian composer during the Romantic era and was the youngest of four children.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs."}], "id": "He9vmKwD0Ize7gXvzkPJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "28 August 1996 \u2013 31 August 1997: Diana, Princess of WalesPosthumously, as in life, she is most popularly referred to as \"Princess Diana\", a title not formally correct and one she never held."}, {"section_header": "Death | Later events | Anniversaries, commemorations, and auctions", "text": "The Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium was held on 1 July 2007."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas", "text": "She became the charity's patron in 1987 and visited the charity on a regular basis, meeting the sufferers at its centres or institutions including Rampton and Broadmoor."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Engagement and wedding", "text": "Diana was the first Englishwoman to marry the first in line to the throne since Anne Hyde over 300 years earlier, and she was also the first royal bride to have a paying job before her engagement."}, {"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "She took a series of low-paying jobs; she worked as a dance instructor for youth until a skiing accident caused her to miss three months of work."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | HIV/AIDS", "text": "In 1987, she held hands with an AIDS patient in one of her early efforts to de-stigmatise the condition."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "The Princess's 36th and final birthday celebration was held at Tate Gallery, which was also a commemorative event for the gallery's 100th anniversary."}, {"section_header": "Death | Later events | Anniversaries, commemorations, and auctions", "text": "On the first anniversary of Diana's death, people left flowers and bouquets outside the gates of Kensington Palace and a memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Death | Later events | Anniversaries, commemorations, and auctions", "text": "The royal family and the Prime Minister and his family went to Crathie Kirk for private prayers, while Diana's family held a private memorial service at Althorp."}], "text": "Diana never held a regular job.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 9, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Salzburg, in the Holy Roman Empire, Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}], "id": "Hgwrvxm34hQxYj6tYcti", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | 1762\u201373: Travel", "text": "While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "Solomon writes that during this period, Mozart created \"a harmonious connection between an eager composer-performer and a delighted audience, which was given the opportunity of witnessing the transformation and perfection of a major musical genre\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Salzburg, in the Holy Roman Empire, Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "During his last decade, Mozart frequently exploited chromatic harmony."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "In London as a child, he met J. C. Bach and heard his music."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "Saving was therefore impossible, and the short period of financial success did nothing to soften the hardship the Mozarts were later to experience."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "Mozart's music, like Haydn's, stands as an archetype of the Classical style."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "He almost single-handedly developed and popularized the Classical piano concerto."}], "text": "Mozart was a child prodigy during the classical period.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other Naruto-related merchandise includes light novels, video games, and trading cards developed by several companies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village."}], "id": "HkJPCYx6ZEsZe1Keqmnm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "Produced by Bandai, the Naruto Collectible Card Game was released in Japan in 2003, and in North America in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "The game is played between two players using a customized deck of fifty cards from the set, and a game mat."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "Extra cards are available in 10-card booster packs, and deck sets."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "For example, the girls initially outperform the boys in the Ninja Academy, but \"once the boys get serious, the girls cannot keep pace\"."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "The cards were released in named sets called \"series\", in the form of four 50-card pre-constructed box sets."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "Cards for each set are available in collectible tins, containing several booster packs and exclusive promotional cards in a metal box."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "By October 2006, seventeen series had been released in Japan with 417 unique cards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other Naruto-related merchandise includes light novels, video games, and trading cards developed by several companies."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Video games", "text": "Most Naruto video games have been released only in Japan."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Collectible card game", "text": "To win, a player must either earn ten \"battle rewards\" through their actions in the game or cause the other player to exhaust their deck."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village."}], "text": "Naruto is a story of a boy and has been made into cards and games.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "id": "Hl00kVUSDGcPAbSoTkoS", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "It was not until the 1992 Cambridge University Press edition was released that the missing text was restored."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The novel is dedicated to Garnett."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable'; he encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "He did not return to the novel for three months, at which point it was titled 'Paul Morel'."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "The novel contains a frequently quoted use of the English dialect word \"nesh\"."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The first draft of Lawrence's novel is now lost and was never completed, which seems to be directly due to his mother's illness."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "The penultimate draft of the novel coincided with a remarkable change in Lawrence's life, as his health was thrown into turmoil and he resigned his teaching job to spend time in Germany."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "text": "The novel was released to underwhelming reviews.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "They all failed to progress in the \"Boys\" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band, thus qualifying for the \"Groups\" category."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band."}], "id": "HlMHeVSCNByAZX7eBWFD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to know each other and to practice."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "They all failed to progress in the \"Boys\" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band, thus qualifying for the \"Groups\" category."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "Each member's individual identity is reinforced by their intentionally different personal styles."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "\" Instead, her original idea was for them to be the \"male equivalent to the Spice Girls\", with each member being a part of the group but still having his own individual style."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "For their qualifying song at \"judges' houses\", and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of \"Torn\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010."}, {"section_header": "History | 2011\u20132012: Up All Night", "text": "Syco Records subsequently counter-sued, suggesting the US group was trying to make money from One Direction's success and that the boy band was the first to use the name in US interstate commerce."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Take Me Home", "text": "One Direction became the first group ever to have their first two albums reach atop the Billboard 200."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "The group quickly gained popularity in the UK.One Direction achieved third place in the competition and immediately after the final, their song \"Forever Young\", which would have been released if they had won The X Factor, was leaked onto the internet."}], "text": "Two judges suggested the singers to form a group after they each failed individually in the show \"The X Factor\".", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum \u2013 national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything."}], "id": "HoGB9PJEhK1HDMROzNYn", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public."}, {"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum \u2013 national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Libraries and archives", "text": "However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "The Reading Room is open to any member of the public who wishes to read there."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "Although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, special openings were arranged during The Great Exhibition of 1851."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It first opened to the public in 1759, in Montagu House, on the site of the current building."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Round Reading Room, which was designed by the architect Sydney Smirke, opened in 1857."}], "text": "The British Museum was the 1st museum that was open to the public.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In April 2007, Griffey was diagnosed with pleurisy, an inflammation of the lining of the cavity surrounding the lungs which can cause painful respiration and other symptoms."}], "id": "Hp7PWRgaNzf9SVHx2mC8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In April 2007, Griffey was diagnosed with pleurisy, an inflammation of the lining of the cavity surrounding the lungs which can cause painful respiration and other symptoms."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "On July 18, 2007, Griffey hit his 2,500th hit, a first-inning single off Atlanta Braves starting pitcher John Smoltz."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "He returned on May 11 from a knee injury suffered April 12, and hit a walk-off three-run home run in the bottom of the 11th inning against the Washington Nationals."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2000\u20132004", "text": "In April, he hit .244 with one homer (on April 30) and nine RBIs."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "During the next two seasons, Griffey would wear number 42 on April 15, beginning a tradition known as Jackie Robinson Day."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Yankees pitcher Andy Pettitte in the sixth inning."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "On April 27, Griffey passed Andre Dawson for 45th on the career hit list."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "Griffey ended the 2007 season with 593 career home runs."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "On June 22, 2007, Griffey made his first return to Seattle after his trade to the Reds."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)", "text": "In the 5th inning of the scoreless game, the Twins threatened with Michael Cuddyer on third and one out."}], "text": "In April 2007, he was diagnosed with pleurisy.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan was a child prodigy. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at an unusually early age, and studied both piano and organ."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [\u0283a\u0281l val\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303 alk\u0251\u0303]; 30 November 1813 \u2013 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist."}], "id": "HpM6TDGEc4dmGXVsylue", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At the same time, Alkan Morhange arranged concerts featuring Charles-Valentin at public venues in Paris, in association with leading musicians including the sopranos Giuditta Pasta and Henriette Sontag, the cellist Auguste Franchomme and the violinist Lambert Massart, with whom Alkan gave concerts in a rare visit out of France to Brussels in 1827."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At Charles-Valentin's piano audition on 6 October 1820, when he was nearly seven (and where he is named as \"Alkan (Morhange) Valentin\"), the examiners comment \"This child has amazing abilities."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan was a child prodigy. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at an unusually early age, and studied both piano and organ."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At his solf\u00e8ge audition on 3 July 1819, when he was just over 5 years 7 months, the examiners noted Alkan (who is referred to even at this early date as \"Alkan (Valentin)\", and whose age is given incorrectly as six-and-a-half) as \"having a pretty little voice\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Antoine Marmontel, one of Charles-Valentin's pupils there, who was later to become his b\u00eate noire, wrote of the school: Young children, mostly Jewish, were given elementary musical instruction and also learnt the first rudiments of French grammar ... [There] I received a few lessons from the young Alkan, four years my senior ... I see once more ... that really parochial environment where the talent of Valentin Alkan was formed and where his hard-working youth blossomed ... It was like a preparatory school, a juvenile annexe of the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to \"a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848\"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "He commented to Hiller that \"Wagner is not a musician, he is a disease."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alkan emerged from self-imposed retirement in the 1870s to give a series of recitals that were attended by a new generation of French musicians."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Alkan Morhange supported the family as a musician and later as the proprietor of a private music school in le Marais, the Jewish quarter of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early fame (1831\u20131837)", "text": "In 1834 Alkan began his friendship with the Spanish musician Santiago Masarnau, which was to result in an extended and often intimate correspondence which only came to light in 2009."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [\u0283a\u0281l val\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303 alk\u0251\u0303]; 30 November 1813 \u2013 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist."}], "text": "Valentin Alkan was a musician in the 1800s and a prodigy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Valentin Alkan"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Hadrian's near-incessant travels may represent a calculated break with traditions and attitudes in which the empire was a purely Roman hegemony."}], "id": "Hq61QtyrUpSBPEq1b4ee", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Hadrian may have consciously exploited these positive, popular connections during his own travels."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "During Hadrian's time as Tribune of the Plebs, omens and portents supposedly announced his future imperial condition."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Greece (124\u2013125)", "text": "Hadrian arrived in Greece during the autumn of 124, and participated in the Eleusinian Mysteries."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "During his first stay in Greece, before he became emperor, he attended lectures by Epictetus at Nicopolis."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Greece (124\u2013125)", "text": "During the winter he toured the Peloponnese."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "According to the Historia Augusta, Hadrian informed the Senate of his accession in a letter as a fait accompli, explaining that \"the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor\"."}, {"section_header": "Appraisals", "text": "The veiled antagonism between Hadrian and the Senate never grew to overt confrontation as had happened during the reigns of overtly \"bad\" emperors, because Hadrian knew how to remain aloof and avoid an open clash."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "In the Historia Augusta, Hadrian is described as \"a little too much Greek\", too  cosmopolitan for a Roman emperor."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "At around this time, Hadrian dismissed his secretary ab epistulis, the biographer Suetonius, for \"excessive familiarity\" towards the empress."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "Fronto writes about military losses in Britannia at the time."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Hadrian's near-incessant travels may represent a calculated break with traditions and attitudes in which the empire was a purely Roman hegemony."}], "text": "Hadrian traveled during his time as emperor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 10, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."}], "id": "HtmqLY52RwHmE1janjOG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Loss and recovery of Aquitaine", "text": "Out of reach of Pepin, he repudiated all loyalty to Francia."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in)."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Southeast Slav expeditions", "text": "During the 790s, he won a major victory over them in 796."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Avar campaigns", "text": "Charlemagne was preoccupied with other matters until 790 when he marched down the Danube and ravaged Avar territory to the Gy\u0151r."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Acquisition of Aquitaine by the Carolingians", "text": "According to Ibn al-Q\u016b\u1e6diyya Wittiza, the last Visigothic king of a united Hispania died before his three sons, Almund, Romulo, and Ardabast reached maturity."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "Einhard states: He was heavily built, sturdy, and of considerable stature, although not exceptionally so, since his height was seven times the length of his own foot."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "An estimate of his height from an X-ray and CT scan of his tibia performed in 2010 is 1.84 metres (6 ft 0 in)."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "According to the latter, the emperor had no ambition for universal dominion; his realm was limited in the same way as that of every other ruler, and when he made more far-reaching claims his object was normally to ward off the attacks either of the Pope or of the Byzantine emperor."}, {"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Vasconia and the Pyrenees", "text": "William, in turn, fought the Basques and defeated them after banishing Adalric (790).From 781 (Pallars, Ribagor\u00e7a) to 806 (Pamplona under Frankish influence), taking the County of Toulouse for a power base, Charlemagne asserted Frankish authority over the Pyrenees by subduing the south-western marches of Toulouse (790) and establishing vassal counties on the southern Pyrenees that were to make up the Marca Hispanica."}], "text": "Charlemagne reached the height of his power in 790.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The title \"Acts of the Apostles\" was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century."}], "id": "HwTb7EDCheSrXy2UmzKX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Acts of the Apostles (Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, Pr\u00e1xeis Apost\u00f3l\u014dn; Latin: Act\u016bs Apostol\u014drum), often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The New Testament in its Literary Environment."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Journal for the Study of the New Testament."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the church in Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Manuscripts", "text": "The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "In Aune, David E. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution attributed to a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "A Critical Introduction to the New Testament: Interpreting the Message and Meaning of Jesus Christ."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The title \"Acts of the Apostles\" was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century."}], "text": "The term \"Acts of the Apostles\" to describe the fifth book of the New Testament originated in the early 4th century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Acts of the Apostles"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey came to be regarded as black baseball's premier catcher in the late 1920s and early 1930s."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Even in his 40s, Mackey was still an effective player \u2013 he batted .307 in 1945, and appeared in the 1947 All-Star Game at age 50."}], "id": "Hy7Kjwh5Kiv2DMiHZesk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey lived in Los Angeles until his death in 1965."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Even in his 40s, Mackey was still an effective player \u2013 he batted .307 in 1945, and appeared in the 1947 All-Star Game at age 50."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey came to be regarded as black baseball's premier catcher in the late 1920s and early 1930s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "By 1937, he was managing the Baltimore Elite Giants, where he began mentoring 15-year-old Roy Campanella in the fine points of catching."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He would play in three more All-Star Games by 1938."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1924, he finished third in the batting race as Hilldale repeated as champions, but lost to the Kansas City Monarchs 5 games to 4 in the first Negro League World Series with Mackey playing third base."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "In 1952, he was selected by a Pittsburgh Courier poll as the Negro leagues' greatest catcher, ahead of Josh Gibson."}], "text": "Biz Mackey is praised as an elite baseball catcher and played  until he was 50.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "Wycliffe's corpse was exhumed and burned and the ashes cast into the River Swift, which flows through Lutterworth."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "While he was saying Mass in the parish church on Holy Innocents' Day, 28 December 1384, he suffered a stroke, and died as the year ended."}], "id": "I6yzRva8gjJQsuYXQxOB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "There is no doubt that it was his initiative, and that the success of the project was due to his leadership."}, {"section_header": "Attitude toward speculation", "text": "Wycliffe was not merely conscious of the distinction between theology and philosophy, but his sense of reality led him to pass by scholastic questions."}, {"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "Wycliffe's corpse was exhumed and burned and the ashes cast into the River Swift, which flows through Lutterworth."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "The Anti-Wycliffite Statute of 1401 extended persecution to Wycliffe's remaining followers."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "While he was saying Mass in the parish church on Holy Innocents' Day, 28 December 1384, he suffered a stroke, and died as the year ended."}, {"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "The Council decreed that Wycliffe's works should be burned and his bodily remains removed from consecrated ground."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "His last work, the Opus evangelicum, the last part of which he named in characteristic fashion \"Of Antichrist\", remained uncompleted."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "Itinerant preachers spread the teachings of Wycliffe."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "When this was announced to Wycliffe, he declared that no one could change his convictions."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "On 17 November 1382, Wycliffe was summoned before a synod at Oxford."}], "text": "Wycliffe passed due to a stroke and his body was cremated and the remains were thrown into a river.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "John Wycliffe"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "Deng died on 19 February 1997, aged 92 from a lung infection and Parkinson's disease."}], "id": "I8YdY8fhWLR5u16pkWjt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Boluan Fanzheng", "text": "\" The document also steered the prime responsibility of the Cultural Revolution away from Mao (although it did state that \"Mao mistakenly began the Cultural Revolution\") to the \"counter-revolutionary cliques\" of the Gang of Four and Lin Biao."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Deng Xiaoping (1995). Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1938\u20131965."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "China, however, was still in the era of Deng Xiaoping."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1975\u20131982."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1982\u20131992."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "He was often referred to as simply Comrade Xiaoping, with no title attached."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "The Chinese characters for \"Statue of Deng Xiaoping\" are inscribed on the pedestal."}, {"section_header": "Political rise | Activism in Shanghai and Wuhan", "text": "At that time, he began using the nickname \"Xiaoping\" and occupied prominent positions in the party apparatus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In August 1980, he started China's political reforms by setting term limits for officials and proposing a systematic revision of China's third Constitution which was made under Hua Guofeng; the new Constitution embodied Chinese-style constitutionalism and was passed by the National People's Congress in December 1982, with most of its content still being effective as of today."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In August 1980, he started China's political reforms by setting term limits for officials and proposing a systematic revision of China's third Constitution which was made during the Cultural Revolution; the new Constitution embodied Chinese-style constitutionalism and was passed by the National People's Congress in December 1982, with most of its content still being effective as of today."}, {"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "Deng died on 19 February 1997, aged 92 from a lung infection and Parkinson's disease."}], "text": "Xiaoping passed away in 1998", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She has sung in ten languages."}], "id": "I8sziY0QBdXDFC039o78", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical style", "text": "Her albums Amarantine and Dark Sky Island include songs sung in Loxian, a fictional language created by Roma, that has no official syntax."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She has sung in ten languages."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u2013present: And Winter Came... and Dark Sky Island", "text": "Upon its release in November 2008, And Winter Came... reached No. 6 in the UK"}, {"section_header": "Career | 1985\u20131989: The Celts and Watermark", "text": "Each episode was to feature a different composer at first, but director David Richardson liked the track so much, he selected her to compose the entire soundtrack."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "Amarantine was a global success, reaching number 6 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 in the UK."}, {"section_header": "Musical style", "text": "Enya has sung in ten languages in her career, including English, Irish, Latin, Welsh, Spanish, French and Japanese."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1989\u20131997: Shepherd Moons and The Memory of Trees", "text": "and No. 30 in the US, where it went on to sell over 4 million copies."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "The album was released in November 2000, and reached number 6 in the United Kingdom and an initial peak of number 17 in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "This one big book of scales, practising them over and over.\" When Enya turned eleven, her grandfather paid for her education at a strict convent boarding school in Milford run by nuns of the Loreto order, where she developed a taste for classical music, art, Latin and watercolour painting."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enya developed her sound over the following four years with multitracked vocals and keyboards with elements of new age, Celtic, classical, church, and folk music."}], "text": "Enya has sung songs in over 6 different tongues.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Enya"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Besides the anime series, Pierrot has developed eleven movies and twelve original video animations (OVAs)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naruto (Japanese: \u30ca\u30eb\u30c8) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto."}], "id": "IDkhbRqYsSvvN86di1uJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English adaptation is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Besides the anime series, Pierrot has developed eleven movies and twelve original video animations (OVAs)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005, and in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007, respectively."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "When serialization began, Kishimoto decided the ending would feature a fight between two characters: Naruto and Sasuke."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "In Yukari Fujimoto's view, as the characters mature, they show respect to the adults who have raised and taught them, making it a conservative storyline in comparison to other manga of the same time period such as One Piece and Air Gear."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The films and most OVAs from the series were also released by Viz, with the first film premiering in movie theaters."}, {"section_header": "Commercial performance", "text": "The manga was nominated for Favorite Manga Series in Nickelodeon Magazine's 2009 Comics Awards."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Psychologist Lawrence C. Rubin suggests that the storylines would appeal to readers of any age who have lost loved ones, or are having difficulty finding friends, or who are in other situations shown in the series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naruto (Japanese: \u30ca\u30eb\u30c8) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto."}], "text": "The periodical cartoon Naruto by Kishimoto was turned into a television series in 2002, the English adaptation began airing in 2009 and eleven movies have also been produced.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}], "id": "IFPmLFSKPGzM9OpbgWGn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the \"world's first full-length novel\", even though its author is unknown."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Related claims, perhaps in an attempt to sidestep these debates, are that Genji is the \"first psychological novel\" or \"historical novel\","}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"the first novel still considered to be a classic\" or other more qualified terms."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even down to our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it.\" The Genji is also often referred to as \"the first novel\", though there is considerable debate over this\u2014some of the debate involving whether Genji can even be considered a \"novel\"."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Outline", "text": "The novel is traditionally divided into three parts, the first two dealing with the life of Genji and the last with the early years of two of Genji's prominent descendants, Niou and Kaoru."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | Japanese", "text": "This gives rise to anachronisms; for instance Genji's first wife is named Aoi because she is known as the lady of the Aoi chapter, in which she dies."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Kornicki, P. F., \"Unsuitable Books for Women? \" Genji Monogatari\" and \"Ise Monogatari\" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan\", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations in other media", "text": "1987 anime film by Gisabur\u014d Sugii \u2013 covers only the first 12 chapters, while adding in some psychological motivation that is not explicit in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations | Major English translations in chronological order", "text": "When the Waley Genji was first published, it was eagerly received."}], "text": "The Tail of Genji is known to be the world's first novel.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History of archaeological research", "text": "Stirling, along with art historian Miguel Covarrubias, became convinced that the Olmec predated most other known Mesoamerican civilizations."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "Here, the Olmec constructed permanent city-temple complexes at San Lorenzo Tenochtitl\u00e1n, La Venta, Tres Zapotes, and Laguna de los Cerros."}], "id": "IKFPHHfv1Y0j3GdHLZnD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Decline", "text": "Volcanic eruptions during the Early, Late and Terminal Formative periods would have blanketed the lands and forced the Olmec to move their settlements."}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and invention of the zero concept", "text": "But an argument against an Olmec origin is the fact that the Olmec civilization had ended by the 4th century BCE, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count date artifact."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Decline", "text": "One theory for the considerable population drop during the Terminal Formative period is suggested by Santley and colleagues (Santley et al."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research", "text": "His description of the object, published several years later after further visits to the site, represents the earliest documented report of an artifact of what is now known as the Olmec culture."}, {"section_header": "History of archaeological research", "text": "Stirling, along with art historian Miguel Covarrubias, became convinced that the Olmec predated most other known Mesoamerican civilizations."}, {"section_header": "Alternative origin speculations", "text": "Partly because the Olmecs developed the first Mesoamerican civilization, and partly because little is known of them compared to, for example, the Maya or Aztec, a number of Olmec alternative origin speculations have been put forth."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "Here, the Olmec constructed permanent city-temple complexes at San Lorenzo Tenochtitl\u00e1n, La Venta, Tres Zapotes, and Laguna de los Cerros."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Decline", "text": "The Tres Zapotes site, on the western edge of the Olmec heartland, continued to be occupied well past 400 BCE, but without the hallmarks of the Olmec culture."}], "text": "The Olmecs were the earliest known major Mesopotamian civilization occupying land in Turkey during the permanent city-temple period.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical person | Earliest sources", "text": "No written records about Gautama were found from his lifetime or from the one or two centuries thereafter."}], "id": "IKrQMDfelLACQTo6tf0Q", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical person | Earliest sources", "text": "No written records about Gautama were found from his lifetime or from the one or two centuries thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts", "text": "Likewise, Richard Salomon has written that the doctrines found in the Gandharan Manuscripts are \"consistent with non-Mahayana Buddhism, which survives today in the Theravada school of Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, but which in ancient times was represented by eighteen separate schools."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "Brahmajala Sutta records sixty-two such schools of thought."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | In early sources", "text": "In old age, however, he is described as having a stooped body, with slack and wrinkled limbs."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Last days and parinirvana", "text": "When \u0100nanda requested this, the Mahaparinibbana records his response as follows: Ananda, why does the Order of monks expect this of me?"}, {"section_header": "Artistic depictions | In other media", "text": "Siddhartha novel by Hermann Hesse, written in German in 1922"}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Lokavidu \u2013 Knower of the many worlds."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Earliest sources", "text": "\"Sakamuni\" is also mentioned in the reliefs of Bharhut, dated to circa 100 BCE, in relation with his illumination and the Bodhi tree, with the inscription Bhagavato Sakamunino Bodho (\"The illumination of the Blessed Sakamuni\").The oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts are the Gandh\u0101ran Buddhist texts, found in Afghanistan and written in G\u0101ndh\u0101r\u012b, they date from the first century BCE to the third century"}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "Many stories of these previous lives are depicted in the Jatakas."}, {"section_header": "Historical person", "text": "Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE."}], "text": "There have been many written records found about Guatama from his lifetime.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "In 634\u2013641 CE, the region, including Jerusalem, was conquered by the Arabs who had recently adopted Islam."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "In 1470, Isaac b. Meir Latif arrived from Italy and counted 150 Jewish families in Jerusalem."}], "id": "IMq9dpo4lNMzeZgWT2ZB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot; by 1952, over 200,000 people were living in these tent cities."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Major urban areas", "text": "Israel has 16 cities with populations over 100,000."}, {"section_header": "History | Further conflict and peace process", "text": "The Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel, passed in 1980, was believed by some to reaffirm Israel's 1967 annexation of Jerusalem by government decree, and reignited international controversy over the status of the city."}, {"section_header": "History | After World War II", "text": "A total of 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state and the nation state of the Jewish people."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "When the city fell, around 60,000 people were massacred, including 6,000 Jews seeking refuge in a synagogue."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "The war ended on 25 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10\u201335,000 lives in about 20 days."}, {"section_header": "History | Further conflict and peace process", "text": "At the end of 2008, Israel entered another conflict as a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel collapsed."}, {"section_header": "History | Antiquity", "text": "The population of the province was greatly reduced from that of the kingdom, archaeological surveys showing a population of around 30,000 people in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "In 634\u2013641 CE, the region, including Jerusalem, was conquered by the Arabs who had recently adopted Islam."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "In 1470, Isaac b. Meir Latif arrived from Italy and counted 150 Jewish families in Jerusalem."}], "text": "Israel is a nation of people that have been at odds in one way or another for centuries over the city of Jerusalem", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}], "id": "INmHKEvtrw7vcoJNB4WX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Within a few years after The Apartment's release, the routine use of black-and-white film in Hollywood had ended."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Esquire critic Dwight Macdonald gave the film a poor review, calling it \"a paradigm of corny avantgardism\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2001, Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, and added it to his Great Movies list."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Time and Newsweek praised it, as did The New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther, who called the film \"gleeful, tender, and even sentimental\" and Wilder's direction \"ingenious\"."}], "text": "The Apartment's critics were only positive.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}], "id": "IUGH4viGvNFsmRbTao8v", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich also stated that Antonapolous symbolizes the Greek and Christian roots of the American political system."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich stated that ultimately Mick \"never matures\" in terms of morals nor in terms of her intelligence."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich also stated that were critics wrongly perceiving him to be \"a deviate\" with some believing he is secretly attracted to men."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is set in the state of Alabama.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "id": "IUN4zJwFcSHsLaxfFacm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "Her decision provoked a storm of protest from Labour and the press, leading to her being notoriously nicknamed \"Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher\"."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "Milk would still be provided to those children that required it on medical grounds and schools could still sell milk."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "The Conservative Party led by Edward Heath won the 1970 general election, and Thatcher was appointed to the Cabinet as secretary of state for education and science."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "She gave priority to academic needs in schools, while administering public expenditure cuts on the state education system, resulting in the abolition of free milk for schoolchildren aged seven to eleven."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "Thatcher became a privy councillor (PC) on becoming a secretary of state in 1970."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "She also argued that she was simply carrying on with what the Labour government had started since they had stopped giving free milk to secondary schools."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "She held that few children would suffer if schools were charged for milk, but agreed to provide younger children with \u2153 pint daily for nutritional purposes."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970\u20131974", "text": "The aftermath of the milk row hardened her determination, she told the editor-proprietor Harold Creighton of The Spectator: \"Don't underestimate me, I saw how they broke Keith [Joseph], but they won't break me.\"Cabinet"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Edward Heath appointed her secretary of state for education and science in his 1970\u201374 government."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "text": "Margaret Thatcher was known as the Milk Snatcher and Secretary of State of Canada.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old."}], "id": "IWfWasgki700BI27McmX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The Talmudic dating indicates both men were 15 years old at the time."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17)."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Wedding allusions", "text": "The bridegroom is led to the bride by two escorts and, seeing her, covers her face with a veil, similar to the way Rebecca covered her face before marrying Isaac."}], "text": "Rebecca married Isaac when he was 40 years old.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Sullivan loved to spend time in France (both in Paris and on the Riviera), where his acquaintances included European royalty and where the casinos enabled him to indulge his passion for gambling."}], "id": "IWxAoSdaJujNHFVlIOqx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "To supplement the income from his concert works he wrote hymns, parlour ballads and other light pieces, and worked as a church organist and music teacher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Music | Method of composition and text setting", "text": "In composing the Savoy operas, Sullivan wrote the vocal lines of the musical numbers first, and these were given to the actors."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "Later he became more adventurous; Richard Silverman, writing in 2009, points to the influence of Liszt in later works \u2013 a harmonic ambiguity and chromaticism \u2013 so that by the time of The Golden Legend Sullivan had abandoned a home key altogether for the prelude."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "Reviewers and scholars often cite Mendelssohn as the most important influence on Sullivan."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "Sullivan embarked on his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour songs and other light pieces in a more commercial vein."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "In a 2009 study Taylor adds Schubert as another major influence on Sullivan in his orchestral works, although \"from the beginning ... there is the peculiar, intangible stamp of Sullivan emerging confidently\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "In 1895 Sullivan once more provided incidental music for the Lyceum, this time for J. Comyns Carr's King Arthur."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1870s: first collaborations with Gilbert", "text": "He continued to compose hymns throughout the decade."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "When The Tempest music was first presented the Neue Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Musik identified Schumann as a stronger influence, and Benedict Taylor, writing in 2017, concurs."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Sullivan loved to spend time in France (both in Paris and on the Riviera), where his acquaintances included European royalty and where the casinos enabled him to indulge his passion for gambling."}], "text": "The English composer Arthur Sullivan wrote hymns, ballads and operas spent a lot of time in Italy which influenced his music.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}], "id": "IXWrJpPjxEk5Ex7hYKQi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (n\u00e9e Bridges) and Roger John Winslet."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Reading, Berkshire, Winslet studied drama at the Redroofs Theatre School."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Winslet attended St Mary and All Saints' Church of England primary school."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Their son, Joe, was born later that year."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The family divided their time in New York with frequent visits to their estate in the Cotswolds in England."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple married in New York in December 2012, and their son, Bear, was born the next year."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "After moving back to England, Winslet purchased a property worth \u00a33.25 million by the sea in West Wittering, Sussex, where (as of 2015) she lives with Smith and her children."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs | Upcoming projects", "text": "Winslet will return to HBO to star in and executive produce Mare of Easttown, a limited series about a troubled police detective, and will portray Mary Anning in Ammonite, co-starring Saoirse Ronan, which is about a romance between Anning and Charlotte Murchison in 1840s England."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Filming proved to be taxing for Winslet."}], "text": "Kate Winslet was born in England.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war ended when the Boer leadership surrendered and accepted British terms with the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902."}], "id": "IXqmf9UkfZ4faBo6sa7M", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "One of the most important events in the decade after the end of the war was the creation of the Union of South Africa (later the Republic of South Africa)."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "At the start of the First World War a crisis ensued when the South African government led by Louis Botha and other former Boer fighters, such as Jan Smuts, declared support for Britain and agreed to send troops to take over the German colony of German South-West Africa (Namibia)."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "Many Boers were opposed to fighting for Britain, especially against Germany, which had been sympathetic to their struggle."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "It proved a key ally to Britain as a Dominion of the British Empire during the World Wars."}, {"section_header": "Background | Escalation and war | British case for war", "text": "Yet he led Britain into war because he believed the British government had an obligation to British South Africans; because he thought that the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and the Cape Boers aspired to a Dutch South Africa (the achievement of such a state would damage British imperial prestige); and because of the Boers treatment of black South Africans (Salisbury had referred to the London Convention of 1884, after the British defeat, as an agreement 'really in the interest of slavery')."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "Thereafter the bittereinders concentrated on political organisation within the constitutional system and built up what later became the National Party, which took power in 1948 and dominated the politics of South Africa from the late 1940s until the early 1990s, under the apartheid system."}, {"section_header": "The end of the war", "text": "The Union of South Africa was established as a dominion of the British Empire in 1910."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | South Africa", "text": "During the war, the British army also included substantial contingents from South Africa itself."}, {"section_header": "Phases", "text": "This promise was fulfilled with the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war ended when the Boer leadership surrendered and accepted British terms with the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902."}], "text": "The Second Boer War led to the making of the Union of South Africa after the Boer states beat Britain.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (n\u00e9e Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse."}], "id": "IbBBZVTYJQTKGVMCsubD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1970, McCartney debuted as a solo artist with the album McCartney."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u2013present", "text": "On 10 June 2016, McCartney released the career-spanning collection Pure McCartney."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "McCartney agreed, but Lennon did not."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Vegetarianism and activism", "text": "Since 1975, McCartney has been a vegetarian."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "\"In 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "However, McCartney preferred to learn by ear."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with McCartney providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr", "text": "\"McCartney and Starr collaborated on several post-Beatles projects, starting in 1973 when McCartney contributed instrumentation and backing vocals for \"Six O'Clock\", a song McCartney wrote for Starr's album Ringo."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Business", "text": "In 1972, McCartney re-signed with ATV for seven years in a joint publishing agreement between ATV and McCartney Music."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "McCartney resumed his solo career in 1980."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (n\u00e9e Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse."}], "text": "McCartney is a native of Manchester.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Although based on a true story, the film dramatizes several events: The investigation occurred between 1978 and 1979, although the film is set in 1972 (and David Duke did not become Grand Wizard until 1974)."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The bomb plot against the Black Student Union is fictional, although Stallworth noted the local chapter did at one point have plans to attack a local gay bar."}], "id": "IbS4xJTGYr4Ae16co4tj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events\u2014and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Ossining, New York was one location used in October."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Although based on a true story, the film dramatizes several events: The investigation occurred between 1978 and 1979, although the film is set in 1972 (and David Duke did not become Grand Wizard until 1974)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Don't sleep on this movie\". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "This unnerving authenticity is partly testament to Mr. Driver's ability to tuck one performance inside another, but it also testifies to a stark and discomforting truth."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After reading about a local division of the Ku Klux Klan in the newspaper, he calls posing as white and speaks with Walter Breachway, the president of the Colorado Springs, Colorado chapter, but soon realizes not only did he use his real name, but he also has to go and meet the Klan members."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The bomb plot against the Black Student Union is fictional, although Stallworth noted the local chapter did at one point have plans to attack a local gay bar."}], "text": "BlacKKKlansman is a non-fictional movie that uses history to touch on current events.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}], "id": "IcXRE8SraSksWebZl2VW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In a 1955 Lux Video Theatre adaptation, Edmond O'Brien had the lead, with a young Charles Bronson playing the part William Bendix took in the movie."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}], "text": "The movie, A Bell for Adano, was inspired by the book with the same name.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A switch hitter who threw right-handed, he was listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 175 pounds (79 kg)."}], "id": "IgGewXFO5hj6pYuvuIHA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is famous for being the youngest pitcher to join the 300 win club."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He was the youngest pitcher to win 300 games, reaching that milestone at the age of 30."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He left the Beaneaters to manage and pitch for the Kansas City club, where he won a total of 48 games in 1902 and 1903."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A switch hitter who threw right-handed, he was listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 175 pounds (79 kg)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Augustus \"Kid\" Nichols (September 14, 1869 \u2013 April 11, 1953) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "seven 30-win seasons in this time (1891\u20131894, 1896\u20131898) with a career high of 35 in 1892."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was said to have been proud of two things: his Hall of Fame selection and the fact that he had never been replaced in a game by a relief pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents were Robert and Christina Nichols."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols also had a major league record"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Nichols was born on September 14, 1869 in Madison, Wisconsin."}], "text": "Kid Nichols was one of the youngest pitcher to join the 30 club and was a right-handed batter that threw left handed.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Kid Nichols"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe d\u0292o\u02c8vanni pa\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 2 March 1876 \u2013 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died."}], "id": "IjrKlI8m41OXKI3DIQL1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Papacy | Appointments", "text": "After World War II, Pius XII appointed more non-Italians than any Pope before him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe d\u0292o\u02c8vanni pa\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 2 March 1876 \u2013 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "In 1999, British author John Cornwell's Hitler's Pope criticised Pius XII for his actions and inactions during the Holocaust."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "A number of other scholars replied with favourable accounts of Pius XII, including Margherita Marchione's Yours Is a Precious Witness: Memoirs of Jews and Catholics in Wartime Italy (1997), Pope Pius XII: Architect for Peace (2000) and Consensus and Controversy: Defending Pope Pius XII (2002); Pierre Blet's Pius XII and the Second World War, According to the Archives of the Vatican (1999); and Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope (2000)."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "Five years after the publication of Hitler's Pope, Cornwell stated: \"I would now argue, in the light of the debates and evidence following Hitler's Pope, that Pius XII had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany\"."}, {"section_header": "Recent developments", "text": "On 19 September 2008, Pope Benedict XVI held a reception for conference participants during which he praised Pius XII as a pope who made every effort to save Jews during the war."}, {"section_header": "World War II | Holocaust", "text": "combined\". In 1939, the newly elected Pope Pius XII appointed several prominent Jewish scholars to posts at the Vatican after they had been dismissed from Italian universities under Fascist leader Benito Mussolini's racial laws."}, {"section_header": "Post-World War II", "text": "After World War II, Pope Pius XII focused on material aid to war-torn Europe, an internal internationalization of the Catholic Church, and the development of its worldwide diplomatic relations."}, {"section_header": "Recent developments | Opening of the Vatican Secret Archives", "text": "On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the election of Pius XII as Bishop of Rome, Pope Francis announced during an audience for staff of the Vatican Secret Archives on 4 March 2019 that Vatican archival materials pertaining to Pius\u2019 pontificate will be accessible to scholars beginning on 2 March 2020."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "In specific riposte to Cornwell's criticism, American Rabbi and historian David Dalin published The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}], "text": "Pope Pius XII was pope during World War 2 and Italian.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Pius XII"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Healthcare", "text": "Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities."}], "id": "Ik2PxFeCutVuciZ9zm1T", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Education | Higher education", "text": "Its business school and athletics facilities are in Boston's Allston neighborhood, and its medical, dental, and public health schools are located in the Longwood area."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events."}, {"section_header": "Education | Higher education", "text": "Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston on Columbia Point in Dorchester."}, {"section_header": "Healthcare", "text": "Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston's colleges and universities exert a significant impact on the regional economy."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation", "text": "Other major highways include US 1, which carries traffic to the North Shore and areas south of Boston, US 3, which connects to the northwestern suburbs, Massachusetts Route 3, which connects to the South Shore and Cape Cod, and Massachusetts Route 2 which connects to the western suburbs."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "Spring and fall are usually cool to mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Columbia Point is the location of the University of Massachusetts Boston, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, and the Massachusetts Archives and Commonwealth Museum."}], "text": "Boston's health care locations are not usually connected with universities.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "Although it did not have great success after being released\u2014about 3,000 copies of the first print sold slowly\u2014it soon went on to become a best-seller, with more than 10 million copies sold as of 2015."}], "id": "Ik55FLVHMcN5GNezXvpd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Although it did not have great success after being released\u2014about 3,000 copies of the first print sold slowly\u2014it soon went on to become a best-seller, with more than 10 million copies sold as of 2015."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One night, an aerial battle occurs near the island while the boys sleep, during which a fighter pilot ejects from his plane and dies in the descent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Stage", "text": "In October 2014 it was announced that the 2011 production of Lord of the Flies would return to conclude the 2015 season at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre ahead of a major UK tour."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "His body drifts down to the island in his parachute; both get tangled in a tree near the top of the mountain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One night, Ralph and Piggy decide to go to one of Jack's feasts."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies has sold over 11 million copies in 2014 and is a story about a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous correspondent, with Crane as the implied author, the action closely resembles the author's experiences after the shipwreck."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "id": "Ik9PbLZHzokXn94D2hDG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Articles such as \"The Wreck of the New Era\", which describes a group of castaways drowning in sight of a helpless crowd, and \"Ghosts on the Jersey Coast\" contain stark imagery that strongly prefigures that of \"The Open Boat\"."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous correspondent, with Crane as the implied author, the action closely resembles the author's experiences after the shipwreck."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Sympathy", "text": "In his 1990 book Sea-Brothers: The Tradition of American Sea Fiction from Moby-Dick to the Present, author Bert Bender noted Crane's sympathetic portrayal of the oiler Billie, the most physically able of the four characters, and yet the only one to perish."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "\" Survival is also an important thematic element in itself, as it is contingent upon the men to battle the elements in order to save themselves."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Sergio Perosa similarly described how Crane \"transfigures an actual occurrence into existential drama, and confers universal meaning and poetic value on the simple retelling of man's struggle for survival\"."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "The correspondent's desire to survive is evident in his refrain of the lyrical line: \"If I am going to be drowned\u2014if I am going to be drowned\u2014if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane was stranded at sea for thirty hours when his ship, the SS Commodore, sank after hitting a sandbar."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "\"Commodore's lifeboats were lowered in the early hours of the morning on January 2, 1897, and the ship sank at"}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The ship sailed from Jacksonville, Florida, with 27 or 28 men and a cargo of supplies and ammunition for the Cuban rebels."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "text": "This novel is about the author's brother whom survived a ship wrecking.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Metallica was formed in Los Angeles in late 1981 when Danish-born drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, The Recycler, which read, \"Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with Tygers of Pan Tang, Diamond Head and Iron Maiden.\" Guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement."}], "id": "Irzyxqzmgk1D8AwjylWF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | S&M, Napster controversy and Newsted's departure (1999\u20132001)", "text": "Does he start touring with it?"}, {"section_header": "History | \"Big Four\" concerts, Lulu and Beyond Magnetic (2010\u20132012)", "text": "Right now we are going to just chill out and then probably start up again in, I'd say, March or April, and start probably putting the creative cap back on and start writing some songs.\" Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax performed on the same bill for the first time on June 16, 2010, at Warsaw Babice Airport, Warsaw, as a part of the Sonisphere Festival series."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Trivium guitarists Corey Beaulieu and Matt Heafy said that when they heard Metallica they wanted to start playing guitar."}, {"section_header": "History | St. Anger, Some Kind of Monster and The Videos 1989\u20132004 (2001\u20132007)", "text": "Once the record was completed, the band started to hold auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Metallica was formed in Los Angeles in late 1981 when Danish-born drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, The Recycler, which read, \"Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with Tygers of Pan Tang, Diamond Head and Iron Maiden.\" Guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement."}, {"section_header": "History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012\u20132018)", "text": "On February 7, 2012, Metallica announced that it would start a new music festival called Orion Music + More, which took place on June 23 and 24, 2012, in Atlantic City."}, {"section_header": "History | S&M2 and upcoming eleventh studio album (2019\u2013present)", "text": "what we've started doing is basically just really concentrating on our home studios and being creative from our homes and navigating through ideas and building on new ideas."}, {"section_header": "History | S&M2 and upcoming eleventh studio album (2019\u2013present)", "text": ", that's the beauty of being in this band.\" He estimated that the album would be released \"a lot sooner than the previous two did... this time around I think we'll be able to jump on it a lot quicker and jump in the studio and start working."}, {"section_header": "History | Load, Reload and Garage Inc. (1994\u20131998)", "text": "Garage Inc. The first disc contained newly recorded covers of songs by Diamond Head, Killing Joke, the Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate, Black Sabbath, and others."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "The Stone in March 1983, and the first recording to feature Burton was the Megaforce demo (1983).Metallica was ready to record their debut album, but when Metal Blade was unable to cover the cost, they began looking for other options."}], "text": "Metallica started when Ulrich started looking for other musicians.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "All these conditions result in excess calcium salts being deposited in the heart, blood vessels, or kidneys."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Kidney stones", "text": "Excessive dietary calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones, a painful condition resulting from formation of calcium oxalate crystals lodging in the urinary tract."}], "id": "IvxKNE65tRi7jJXFtJ51", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "Excess intake of calcium may cause hypercalcemia."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "However, because calcium is absorbed rather inefficiently by the intestines, high serum calcium is more likely caused by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or possibly by excessive intake of vitamin D, both which facilitate calcium absorption."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and production | Geochemical cycling", "text": "In the simplest terms, uplift of mountains exposes calcium-bearing rocks to chemical weathering and releases Ca2+ into surface water."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and production | Geochemical cycling", "text": "The weathering of calcium from rocks thus scrubs CO2 from the ocean and atmosphere, exerting a strong long-term effect on climate."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "All these conditions result in excess calcium salts being deposited in the heart, blood vessels, or kidneys."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "Symptoms include neuromuscular excitability, which potentially causes tetany and disruption of conductivity in cardiac tissue."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels", "text": "Conversely, inadequate calcium or vitamin D intakes may result in hypocalcemia, often caused also by inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone or defective PTH receptors in cells."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Kidney stones", "text": "Excessive dietary calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones, a painful condition resulting from formation of calcium oxalate crystals lodging in the urinary tract."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Isotopes", "text": "48Ca is produced by electron capture in the r-process in type Ia supernovae, where high neutron excess and low enough entropy ensures its survival.46Ca and 48Ca are the first \"classically stable\" nuclides with a six-neutron or eight-neutron excess respectively."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and production | Geochemical cycling", "text": "These ions are transported to the ocean where they react with dissolved CO2 to form limestone (CaCO3), which in turn settles to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rocks."}], "text": "Excessive calcium can cause little rocks in one's bladder.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Often considered the best player in the world and  widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has won five Ballons d'Or and four European Golden Shoes, both of which are records for a European player."}], "id": "IzZsX56f4QMQOppMnLtL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Often considered the best player in the world and  widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has won five Ballons d'Or and four European Golden Shoes, both of which are records for a European player."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Real Madrid | 2015\u201317: All-time Real Madrid top scorer and La Und\u00e9cima", "text": "For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for a second time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Manchester United | 2003\u201307: Development and breakthrough", "text": "An important factor in this success was his one-to-one training by first-team coach Ren\u00e9 Meulensteen, who taught him to make himself more unpredictable, improve his teamwork, call for the ball, and capitalise on goalscoring opportunities rather than waiting for the chance to score the aesthetically pleasing goals for which he was already known."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Style of play", "text": "Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair, often displaying an array of tricks and feints, such as the step overs and so-called 'chops' that became his trademark; he has also been known to use the flip\u2013flap."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "After winning his first Ballon d'Or by a record-high vote count at age 23, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players of all time."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Style of play", "text": "When taking free kicks, Ronaldo is known for using the knuckleball technique, which had previously been popularised by Juninho Pernambucano; he also adopts a trademark stance before striking the ball, which involves him standing with his legs far apart."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Real Madrid | 2015\u201317: All-time Real Madrid top scorer and La Und\u00e9cima", "text": "He won the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016."}, {"section_header": "Honours", "text": "La Liga Best Player: La Liga Best Player: 2013\u201314 La Liga"}], "text": "Ronaldo was known as one of the best players of all time.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Cristiano Ronaldo"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "When it was first published in 1932, the novel was moderately successful; 11,000 copies were initially printed, with a total of four printings by the end of the year, although a significant number of copies from the fourth printing had not been sold by 1936."}], "id": "J7ioOmFqQzXLitA4juei", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Faulkner's books were not available in Germany until 1951 because US army censors also did not approve of his work."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "When it was first published in 1932, the novel was moderately successful; 11,000 copies were initially printed, with a total of four printings by the end of the year, although a significant number of copies from the fourth printing had not been sold by 1936."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Christmas comes to Jefferson three years prior to the central events of the novel and gets a job at the mill where Byron, and later Joe Brown, works."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "Due to its naturalistic, violent subject matter and obsession with the ghosts of the past, Light in August is characterized as a Southern gothic novel, a genre also exemplified by the works of Faulkner's contemporary Carson McCullers, and by later Southern writers like Flannery O'Connor, and Truman Capote."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Christian allegory", "text": "Light in August has 21 chapters, as does the Gospel of St. John."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Light in August is a 1932 novel by the Southern (American) author William Faulkner."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": "However, after a casual remark by his wife Estelle on the quality of the light in August, Faulkner changed the title."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Major characters", "text": "He is employed at the planing mill until he begins to make a profit as a bootlegger."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Light in August 54th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."}], "text": "The Light in August book was printed in the 1930s but it did not become popular until 10 years later", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Light in August"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "In 2018, Instacart announced national expansions with Kroger, Aldi, Sam's Club, Publix, Costco, Sprouts Farmers Market, Stater Bros., BJ's Wholesale Club, HyVee, The Fresh Market, Harps Food Stores, and Lunds & Byerlys."}], "id": "J9qBOnTYXFVSgYuOl4EI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Effective May 2019, Whole Foods Market ended its partnership with Instacart."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In May 2020, Instacart began a partnership with Rite Aid, offering its service across 2,400 locations in 18 states."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company offers service via a website and mobile app in 5,500 cities in all 50 U.S. states and Canadian provinces in partnership with over 350 retailers that have more than 25,000 grocery stores including Albertsons, Aldi, Big Lots, C&S Wholesale Grocers, Costco, CVS Health, Eataly, Price Chopper, H-E-B, Kroger, Loblaw Companies, Petco, Publix, Safeway Inc., Sam's Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, Staples U.S., Target Corporation, Total Wine & More, and Wegmans."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This increase was named by Instacart as the \"Instacart Effect\"."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart originally launched in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Instacart claimed that the strike had no impact on its operations."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Instacart said it \"will honor\" the vote, pending certification of the results."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "By the end of 2018, Instacart delivered from these stores in 16 Canadian markets."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In 2018, Instacart announced national expansions with Kroger, Aldi, Sam's Club, Publix, Costco, Sprouts Farmers Market, Stater Bros., BJ's Wholesale Club, HyVee, The Fresh Market, Harps Food Stores, and Lunds & Byerlys."}], "text": "Instacart is in partnership with Trader Joe's", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The closing scenes depict the freed dinosaurs roaming wilderness and outer urban areas."}], "id": "JD3IGNvsLnY3FbGG8QvT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After Maisie informs Lockwood about the auction, he confronts Mills, who murders him."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Maisie is later revealed to have been cloned from Lockwood's deceased daughter and to be the reason why John Hammond, who opposed human cloning, ended their association."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lockwood and his aide, Eli Mills, reveal a plan to relocate the dinosaurs to a new island sanctuary."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Owen, Claire, Maisie, Zia, and Franklin escape, while Blue and the other released dinosaurs flee the estate grounds."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Indoraptor then hunts Owen, Claire, and Maisie throughout the mansion until Zia releases Blue, who fights the Indoraptor."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At the estate, Lockwood's orphaned granddaughter Maisie overhears Mills and auctioneer Mr. Eversoll secretly planning to auction the captured dinosaurs on the black market."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Regarding the idea of human cloning, Trevorrow said that \"we're so much closer to cloning humans than we are to cloning dinosaurs."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | United Kingdom", "text": "Goldblum shot his scenes in a single day at Pinewood Studios, during the last day of filming in the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Daniella Pineda as Zia Rodriguez: A former Marine who is now the Dinosaur Protection Group's paleoveterinarian. James Cromwell as Sir Benjamin Lockwood: John Hammond's former partner in developing the technology to clone dinosaurs."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "To convince the studio that Pineda was right for the role of Zia, Bayona had her demonstrate she could perform comedy and drama scenes, as well as improvise."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The closing scenes depict the freed dinosaurs roaming wilderness and outer urban areas."}], "text": "In the last scene of the movie, Zia informs Maisie about the new plans for cloning.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manufacture", "text": "Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA)."}], "id": "JEFnfixV4Bb7y2mqFtfn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reactions with carbon", "text": "Hot concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes carbon (as bituminous coal) and sulfur."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Concentrated sulfuric acid has a very powerful dehydrating property, removing water (H2O) from other chemical compounds including sugar and other carbohydrates and producing carbon, heat, and steam."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Similarly, mixing starch into concentrated sulfuric acid will give elemental carbon and water as absorbed by the sulfuric acid (which becomes slightly diluted)."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As saltpeter decomposes, it oxidizes the sulfur to SO3, which combines with water to produce sulfuric acid."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence | Extraterrestrial sulfuric acid", "text": "The permanent Venusian clouds produce a concentrated acid rain, as the clouds in the atmosphere of Earth produce water rain."}, {"section_header": "Manufacture", "text": "Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA)."}, {"section_header": "Manufacture | Wet sulfuric acid process", "text": "In the first step, sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide:  S + O2 \u2192 SO2or, alternatively,"}, {"section_header": "Occurrence", "text": "When sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil are burned, sulfur dioxide is the main byproduct (besides the chief products carbon oxides and water)."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Some common concentrations are: \"Chamber acid\" and \"tower acid\" were the two concentrations of sulfuric acid produced by the lead chamber process, chamber acid being the acid produced in the lead chamber itself (<70% to avoid contamination with nitrosylsulfuric acid) and tower acid"}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "The effect of this can be seen when concentrated sulfuric acid is spilled on paper which is composed of cellulose; the cellulose reacts to give a burnt appearance, the carbon appears much as soot would in a fire."}], "text": "Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, carbon and water.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He spent over 48 years in baseball, culminating with 14 years as president of the American League (AL)."}], "id": "JHPjxcQHCavHXv0ljzGf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a general manager", "text": "The Red Sox did not break the baseball color line until six months after Cronin's departure for the AL presidency, when they promoted Pumpsie Green, a utility infielder, from their Triple-A affiliate, the Minneapolis Millers, in July 1959."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He spent over 48 years in baseball, culminating with 14 years as president of the American League (AL)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"In 1999, he was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "Cronin was named player-manager of the Senators in 1933, a post he would hold for two years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first AL player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "'\"In 1930, Cronin had a breakout year, batting .346 with 13 home runs and 126 RBI."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 \u2013 September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey also offered Cronin a five-year contract as player-manager."}], "text": "Joe Cronin was affiliated with baseball for almost 50 years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545\u201347), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551\u201352) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562\u201363) by Pope Pius IV."}], "id": "JI68bO9KanhT6CyAqBDz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. Papal legates were appointed to represent the Papacy."}, {"section_header": "Publication of documents", "text": "A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545\u20131547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547\u20131548 and Trento 1551\u20131552 A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545\u20131547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547\u20131548 and Trento 1551\u20131552 (Vol III, 1970, 1998); The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion (Vol IV, 1976)."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The history of the council is thus divided into three distinct periods: 1545\u20131549, 1551\u20131552 and 1562\u20131563."}, {"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "The 1565\u201373 Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini (Examination of the Council of Trent) by Martin Chemnitz was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "More than three hundred years passed until the next ecumenical council, the First Vatican Council, was convened in 1869."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably."}, {"section_header": "Background information | A general, free council in Germany", "text": "Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Decrees", "text": "Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea (787) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550\u20131555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545\u201347), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551\u201352) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562\u201363) by Pope Pius IV."}], "text": "The Council of Trent has been supervised by three separate popes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Council of Trent"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life."}], "id": "JIzo17FhO9T7Vnv7ijAQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "\"what on earth are you doing?\"Occasionally, the name Terra  is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish our inhabited planet from others, while in poetry Tellus  has been used to denote personification of the Earth."}, {"section_header": "Chronology | Origin of life and evolution", "text": "The development of agriculture, and then civilization, led to humans having an influence on Earth and the nature and quantity of other life forms that continues to this day."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "An inhabitant of the Earth is an Earthling, a Terran, a Terrestrial, a Tellurian or, rarely, an Earthian."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest and most massive of the four rocky planets."}, {"section_header": "Human geography", "text": "Cartography, the study and practice of map-making, and geography, the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena on Earth, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting Earth."}, {"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt and seasons", "text": "A study from 2016 suggested that Planet Nine tilted all the planets of the Solar System, including Earth, by about six degrees."}, {"section_header": "Habitability | Biosphere", "text": "The biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar plants and animals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life."}, {"section_header": "Habitability | Biosphere", "text": "A planet's life forms inhabit ecosystems, whose total is sometimes said to form a \"biosphere\"."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the other planets."}], "text": "Earth is the only noted planet to have inhabitants.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Earth"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "The \"von\" was an affectation of his father, who was not actually an aristocrat."}], "id": "JQFm856Omw22Y2lDEa0I", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Carl Maria von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 \u2013  5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, and was one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "So Mozart's wife was a cousin of Carl Maria von Weber."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "The \"von\" was an affectation of his father, who was not actually an aristocrat."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "He was baptized Catholic on November 20, 1786 to the name Carl Friedrich Ernst, the second name Maria appeared only later."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "Carl Maria composed his third opera Peter Schmoll"}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Homage has been paid to Weber by 20th-century composers such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Mahler (who completed Weber's unfinished comic opera Die drei Pintos and made revisions of Euryanthe and Oberon) and Hindemith (composer of the popular Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, based on lesser-known keyboard works and the incidental music to Turandot)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "In 1824, Weber received an invitation from The Royal Opera, London, to compose and produce Oberon, based on Christoph Martin Wieland's poem of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "Carl Maria was arrested and charged with embezzlement and bribery."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "After moving to Salzburg (autumn 1797) Carl Maria studied with Michael Haydn (starting 1798), the younger brother of Joseph Haydn, who agreed to teach Carl Maria free of charge."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "In 1823, Weber composed his first (and only) full-length, through-written opera Euryanthe to a libretto by Helmina von Ch\u00e9zy, several passages of which (notably the music for the villainous couple Lysiart and Eglantine) anticipate the early, romantic operas of Richard Wagner."}], "text": "German composer Carl Maria von Weber was not really an aristocrat as his name would imply.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Carl Maria von Weber"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545\u201347), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551\u201352) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562\u201363) by Pope Pius IV."}], "id": "JQaNKsWkCMZWRvAJPNfX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Pope Paul III then initiated several internal Church reforms while Emperor Charles V convened with Protestants and Cardinal Gasparo Contarini at the Diet of Regensburg, to reconcile differences."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "There was no hope of reassembling the council while the very anti-Protestant Paul IV was Pope."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The council was ordered by the Emperor and Pope Paul III to convene in Mantua on 23 May 1537."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. Papal legates were appointed to represent the Papacy."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550\u20131555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Pope Paul III (1534\u20131549), seeing that the Protestant Reformation was no longer confined to a few preachers, but had won over various princes, particularly in Germany, to its ideas, desired a council."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent (at that time ruled by a prince-bishop under the Holy Roman Empire), on 13 December 1545; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545\u201347), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551\u201352) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562\u201363) by Pope Pius IV."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Paul III issued a decree for a general council to be held in Mantua, Italy, to begin on 23 May 1537."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "It failed to convene after another war broke out between France and Charles V, resulting in a non-attendance of French prelates."}], "text": "Pope Paul V did attend the Council of Trent.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Council of Trent"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}], "id": "JRW9mHXTJAV7C9vWREX2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "By the time of the film's third Thanksgiving, Lee has married someone she met while taking classes at Columbia University, while Hannah and Elliot have reconciled their marriage."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "For the remainder of the year between the first and second Thanksgiving gatherings, Elliot and Lee carry on their affair despite Elliot's inability to end his marriage to Hannah."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a movie set during Thanksgiving.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was the highest-grossing film of 2017, the second highest-grossing film in the series (behind The Force Awakens), the fourth highest-grossing film released by Walt Disney Studios, the sixth highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time."}], "id": "JUyKSY6KzloyStAJBt97", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release", "text": "On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII \u2013 The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "Williams confirmed his assignment for The Last Jedi at a Tanglewood concert in August 2016, stating he would begin recording the score \"off and on\" in December 2016 until March or April 2017."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists \u2014 and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "On February 21, 2017, it was confirmed that recording was underway, with both Williams and William Ross conducting the sessions."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first \"season\"."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "In January 2016, The Last Jedi was rescheduled for December 15, 2017 in 3D and IMAX 3D."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was the highest-grossing film of 2017, the second highest-grossing film in the series (behind The Force Awakens), the fourth highest-grossing film released by Walt Disney Studios, the sixth highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time."}], "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi set at least four records in 2017.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Almost all moai have overly large heads"}], "id": "JVuDpCYp77iVdSr5cPjm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Almost all moai have overly large heads"}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position.\" These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moai."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses", "text": "The more recent moai had pukao on their heads, which represent the topknot of the chieftains."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Though moai are whole-body statues, they are often referred to as \"Easter Island heads\" in some popular literature."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The over-large heads (a three-to-five ratio between the head and the trunk, a sculptural trait that demonstrates the Polynesian belief in the sanctity of the chiefly head) have heavy brows and elongated noses with a distinctive fish-hook-shaped curl of the nostrils."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "This is partly because of the disproportionate size of most moai heads, and partly because many of the iconic images for the island showing upright moai are the statues on the slopes of Rano Raraku, many of which are buried to their shoulders."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Some of the \"heads\" at Rano Raraku have been excavated and their bodies seen, and observed to have markings that had been protected from erosion by their burial."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Completed statues were moved to ahu mostly on the coast, then erected, sometimes with red stone cylinders (pukao) on their heads."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "With a rope around the head of the statue and another around the base, using eight workers for the smaller statue and 16 for the larger, they \"walked\" the moai forward by swiveling and rocking it from side to side; however, the experiment was ended early due to damage to the statue bases from chipping."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Today, about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ahus or at museums elsewhere."}], "text": "All Moai have oversized heads.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Catholics were advised to obey the queen outwardly in all civil matters, until such time as a suitable opportunity presented itself for her overthrow."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582."}], "id": "JWYYl82jEGxd5REflV0X", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 \u2013 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Queen Elizabeth I of England."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "He also encouraged the plans of Philip II to dethrone Elizabeth I of England (reigned from 1558\u20131603), thus helping to develop an atmosphere of subversion and imminent danger among English Protestants, who looked on any Catholic as a potential traitor."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Reform of the Church", "text": "Once in the chair of Saint Peter, Gregory XIII's rather worldly concerns became secondary and he dedicated himself to reform of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Catholics were advised to obey the queen outwardly in all civil matters, until such time as a suitable opportunity presented itself for her overthrow."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}], "text": "Pope Gregory XIII, head of the Catholic Church, played no part in the plot to kill the reigning Queen of England, although he was not opposed to her being overthrown.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal."}], "id": "JXcsICdwokHQzvvhxLjZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major structures | Mumtaz Mahal", "text": "The Mumtaz Mahal houses the Red Fort Archaeological Museum."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first was held between November and December 1945 at the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Red Fort Archaeological Museum was moved from the drum house to the Mumtaz Mahal."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Its English name red fort is a translation of the Hindustani L\u0101l Qila (Hindi: \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e, Urdu: \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u200e) , deriving from its red-sandstone walls."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Reconstructed in 1639 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad, the Red Fort is named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "Architecture", "text": "Red Fort is one of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal."}], "text": "Red Fort was called that because it was only the color red.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Fort"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}], "id": "JaMQ3z3Gpqcbi0hcJfOs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "Toutiao used interest-based and decentralized distribution to help long-tail content creators find an audience."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company has an internal committee of the Chinese Communist Party as well as strategic partnerships with Chinese Communist Party-supported ventures in Beijing and Shanghai."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China ordered ByteDance to take down its office collaboration tool called Feishu because it could be used to circumvent internet censorship."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "An often cited example is \"Zhuguan Baba\" (\u732a\u500c\u5df4\u5df4), a young pig farmer in Northern China whose posts on how to raise pigs attracted millions of readers on Toutiao."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On 19 May 2020, ByteDance and Disney released an announcement that Kevin Mayer, head of Disney's streaming business, would join ByteDance."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "February 2017, ByteDance acquired Flipagram."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In November 2017, ByteDance acquired News Republic from Cheetah Mobile."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is the developer of the video-sharing social networking service Douyin (TikTok)."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In December 2016, ByteDance invested in the Indonesian news recommendation platform BABE.In"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}], "text": "ByteDance is based in Shanghai, China.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "While he was fighting an Argive soldier, the soldier's old mother, who was watching from a rooftop, threw a tile which knocked him from his horse and broke part of his spine, paralyzing him."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "Whether he was alive or not after the blow is unknown, but his death was assured when a Macedonian soldier named Zopyrus, though frightened by the look on the face of the unconscious king, hesitantly and ineptly beheaded his motionless body."}], "id": "JagrouUUOOcPWbPVvWpp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "Demetrius must have thought Pyrrhus would not renege on his treaty for western and southern Macedonia fell without opposition."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "During the confused Battle of Argos in the narrow city streets, Pyrrhus was trapped."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "The two armies, on different roads, passed one another and Demetrius started plundering Epirus while Pyrrhus met Pantauchus in battle."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "Pyrrhus later famously commented on his victory at Asculum, stating, \"If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined\"."}, {"section_header": "Exile | The Battle of Ipsus", "text": "The Battle of Ipsus was the largest and most important battle of the Wars of the Successors."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "That same year, upon hearing the news of Pyrrhus's death, the Tarentinians surrendered to Rome."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "He won an easy victory at the Battle of the Aous and took most of Macedon."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: \"If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined\"."}, {"section_header": "Exile | The Battle of Ipsus", "text": "Unfortunately for Antigonus, he lost both the battle and his life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "While he was fighting an Argive soldier, the soldier's old mother, who was watching from a rooftop, threw a tile which knocked him from his horse and broke part of his spine, paralyzing him."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "Whether he was alive or not after the blow is unknown, but his death was assured when a Macedonian soldier named Zopyrus, though frightened by the look on the face of the unconscious king, hesitantly and ineptly beheaded his motionless body."}], "text": "Pyrrhus was battling on horseback when he fell and was crushed to death.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces."}], "id": "Jc0sV0z4a8W8CDM6fRFy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Orchestration", "text": "Young writes that orchestral players generally like playing Sullivan's music: \"Sullivan never asked his players to do what was either uncongenial or impracticable.\" Sullivan's orchestra for the Savoy operas was typical of the theatre orchestra of his era: 2 flutes (+ piccolo), oboe, 2 clarinets, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trombones, timpani, percussion and strings."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "While an organist at the Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, he composed his first ballet, L'\u00cele Enchant\u00e9e (1864)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do."}, {"section_header": "Recordings", "text": "Mackerras's Sullivan ballet, Pineapple Poll, has received many recordings since its first performance in 1951."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "Young Arthur became proficient with many of the instruments in the band and composed an anthem, \"By the Waters of Babylon\", when he was eight."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "Herman Klein called the episode \"the strangest comingling of success and failure ever chronicled in the history of British lyric enterprise!\" Later in 1891 Sullivan composed music for Tennyson's The Foresters, which ran well at Daly's Theatre in New York in 1892, but failed in London the following year."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Death, honours and legacy", "text": "He is celebrated not only for writing the Savoy operas and his other works, but also for his influence on the development of modern American and British musical theatre."}, {"section_header": "Music | Musical quotations and parodies", "text": "The mock-jingoistic \"He Is an Englishman\" in H.M.S. Pinafore and choral passages in The Zoo satirise patriotic British tunes such as Arne's \"Rule, Britannia!\"."}, {"section_header": "Music | Method of composition and text setting", "text": "Sullivan told an interviewer, Arthur Lawrence, \"I don't use the piano in composition \u2013 that would limit me terribly\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces."}], "text": "Arthur Sullivan is a British and and has composed 2 ballets.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381."}], "id": "JeJWQAZNvBDO3fa5Ecsg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background and causes | Protest and authority", "text": "There was a great storm in England during May 1381, which many felt to prophesy future change and upheaval, adding further to the disturbed mood."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Protest and authority", "text": "An uprising occurred in York, during which John de Gisborne, the city's mayor, was removed from office, and fresh tax riots followed in early 1381."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "Another factor in the revolt of 1381 was the conduct of the war with France."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Economics", "text": "In 1348 a plague known as the Black Death crossed from mainland Europe into England, rapidly killing an estimated 50 per cent of the population."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on 30 May 1381."}, {"section_header": "Rebels", "text": "The vast majority of those involved in the revolt of 1381 were not represented in Parliament and were excluded from its decision-making."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture", "text": "Later 20th century socialists continued to draw parallels between the revolt and contemporary political struggles, including during the arguments over the introduction of the Community Charge in the United Kingdom during the 1980s."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | Economics", "text": "These attempted to fix wages at pre-plague levels, making it a crime to refuse work or to break an existing contract, imposing fines on those who transgressed."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "Some also mention a Jack Straw as a leader among the Kentish rebels during this phase in the revolt, but it is uncertain if this was a real person, or a pseudonym for Wat Tyler or John Wrawe."}, {"section_header": "Events | Aftermath", "text": "During the 15th century the institution vanished in England."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381."}], "text": "The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 was during a plague.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Peasants' Revolt"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT), which maintains the bridge, says that its original paint scheme was \"Brooklyn Bridge Tan\" and \"Silver\", although a writer for The New York Post states that it was originally entirely \"Rawlins Red\"."}], "id": "Jh4pXYA0PvFDwexmZgkx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "A center line was painted to separate cyclists from pedestrians in 1971, creating one of the city's first dedicated bike lanes."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT), which maintains the bridge, says that its original paint scheme was \"Brooklyn Bridge Tan\" and \"Silver\", although a writer for The New York Post states that it was originally entirely \"Rawlins Red\"."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Trolley service on the middle lanes continued until the elevated lines stopped using the bridge in 1944, when they moved to the protected center tracks."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Trolley tracks were added in the center lanes of both roadways in 1898, allowing trolleys to use the bridge as well."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge has an elevated promenade open to pedestrians and cyclists in the center of the bridge, located 18 feet (5.5 m) above the automobile lanes."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Nearing completion", "text": "Contracts for bridge lighting were awarded by February 1883, and a toll scheme was approved that March."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "The Park Row exit from the bridge's westbound lanes was closed as a safety measure after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the nearby World Trade Center."}, {"section_header": "Impact | Culture", "text": "NYCDOT workers periodically remove the love locks from the bridge at a cost of $100,000 per year."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "Before reaching Sands Street (at Tillary Street for Fulton Street Line trains, and at Bridge Street for Fifth Avenue Line and Myrtle Avenue Line trains), elevated trains bound for Manhattan were uncoupled from their steam locomotives."}], "text": "The center lines were painted as bike lanes in 1971 and the paint scheme for the bridge is \"Brooklyn Bridge Brown\" and \"Silver\" according to NYCDOT.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Again, Massenet's own memoirs and the researches of his biographers are at variance: the composer recalled his exile in Chamb\u00e9ry as lasting for two years; Henry Finck and Irvine record that the young man returned to Paris and the Conservatoire in October 1855."}], "id": "JiStumXWcXtG1k7nboCq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Moreover, his versatility means that there is no plot or locale that can be regarded as typical Massenet."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "Between 1862 and 1900 Massenet composed eight oratorios and cantatas, mostly on religious subjects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He taught composition there from 1878 until 1896, when he resigned after the death of the director, Ambroise Thomas."}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "The religious element was a regular theme in his secular as well as"}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "Vincent d'Indy wrote that there was \"a discreet and semi-religious eroticism\" in Massenet's music."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "At that time the academy was dominated by painters rather than musicians; Massenet enjoyed his time there, and made lifelong friendships with, among others, the sculptor Alexandre Falgui\u00e8re and the painter Carolus-Duran, but the musical benefit he derived was largely self-taught."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Music | Background", "text": "Macdonald lists a great number of locales depicted in the operas, from ancient Egypt, mythical Greece and biblical Galilee to Renaissance Spain, India and Revolutionary Paris."}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "The mingling of operatic and religious elements in his works was such that one of his oratorios, Marie-Magdeleine, was staged as an opera during the composer's lifetime."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Again, Massenet's own memoirs and the researches of his biographers are at variance: the composer recalled his exile in Chamb\u00e9ry as lasting for two years; Henry Finck and Irvine record that the young man returned to Paris and the Conservatoire in October 1855."}], "text": "Jules Massenet taught at Montmarte's local religious school.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr."}], "id": "Jk5oCYhF7NDsIdtoH5D8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "1930s to 2012", "text": "The Association had more than 50 programs at over 40 sites throughout Chicago and served approximately 60,000 individuals, families, and community members every year."}, {"section_header": "Theater", "text": "Addams felt that the community benefits from theater plays and thus established an amateur theater in the Hull House in 1899."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "These studies enabled the Hull House residents to confront the establishment, eventually partnering with them in the design and implementation of programs intended to enhance and improve the opportunities for success by the largely immigrant population."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "At the neighborhood level, Hull House established the city's first public playground, bathhouse, and public gymnasium (in 1893), pursued educational and political reform, and investigated housing, working, and sanitation issues."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "These experiences translated to success at the federal level, working with the settlement house network to champion national child labor laws, women's suffrage, a children's bureau, unemployment compensation, workers' compensation, and other elements of the Progressive agenda during the first two decades of the twentieth century."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "Taylor Street's Little Italy, the inner core of Addams' \"Hull House Neighborhood\", remained as the laboratory upon which the social and philanthropic groups of Hull House elitists had tested their theories and formulated their challenges to the establishment."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "Addams and Starr established Hull House as a settlement house on September 18, 1889.In the 19th century a women's movement began to promote education, autonomy, and break into traditionally male dominated occupations for women."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "Others, like Hull-House [co-founded by Addams], were secular.\" One of the first newspaper articles ever written  Hull House quotes the following invitation sent to the residents of the Hull House neighborhood."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "\"A historic picture, \"Meet the Hull House Kids,\" was taken on a summer day in 1924 by Wallace K. Kirkland Sr., Hull House Director."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr."}], "text": "Hull House was established by two individuals.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Hull House"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "A few years later, the English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as \"A fiend of a book \u2013 an incredible monster  [...]"}], "id": "JkpaMfce0eSegDlbRmrM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as \"A fiend of a book \u2013 an incredible monster  [...]"}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "A few years later, the English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as \"A fiend of a book \u2013 an incredible monster  [...]"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "\"Charlotte Bront\u00eb\". The Oxford Companion to English Literature."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "It starred Richard Gomez as Gabriel (Heathcliff) and Dawn Zulueta as Carmina (Catherine)."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "They had discovered the poet in an article in Blackwood's Magazine from August 1825; he had died the previous year."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The action is laid in hell, \u2013 only it seems places and people have English names there.\"Wuthering"}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"Examiner wrote \"This is a strange book."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "The women in the book are of a strange fiendish-angelic nature, tantalising, and terrible, and the men are indescribable out of the book itself."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Wind & Wuthering (1976) by English rock band Genesis alludes to the Bront\u00eb novel not only in the album's title but also in the titles of two of its tracks, \"Unquiet Slumbers for the Sleepers...\" and \"... In That Quiet Earth\"."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "'Law of the Moors' essay Allott, Miriam (1995)."}], "text": "Dante Gabriel Rossetti was an English poet that apprieciated the book yet he spoke negatively about it.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Burial site", "text": "His grave went unmarked for nearly 150 years, but in 1894 his remains were located and moved to a vault in St. John's Church."}], "id": "JnHFAqJ3EqSGMB0v03GC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March ["}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a \"patron\" of CPE Bach."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public."}, {"section_header": "Life | Return to Weimar (1708\u20131717)", "text": "Johann Sebastian and Maria Barbara had three more children, who however did not live to their first birthday, including twins born in 1713.Bach's time in Weimar was the start of a sustained period of composing keyboard and orchestral works."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, in present-day Germany, on 21 March 1685"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Burial site", "text": "This building was destroyed by Allied bombing during World War II, so in 1950 Bach's remains were taken to their present grave in St. Thomas Church."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "His keyboard music was again performed more on the instruments Bach was familiar with, rather than on modern pianos and 19th-century romantic organs."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Burial site", "text": "His grave went unmarked for nearly 150 years, but in 1894 his remains were located and moved to a vault in St. John's Church."}], "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach's site of interment was unlabeled for more than a century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johann Sebastian Bach"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High."}], "id": "JnvTAxdMEjsnaAfFDylK", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (USP Florence ADMAX) is an American federal prison in unincorporated Fremont County near Florence, Colorado."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "ADX Florence is a 37-acre (15 ha) complex located at 5880 Highway 67, Florence, Colorado, about 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and 40 miles (64 km) south of Colorado Springs."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "Inmates exercise in a concrete pit resembling an empty swimming pool, also designed to prevent them from knowing their location in the facility."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "The 4 inches (100 mm) by 4 feet (1.2 m) windows are designed to prevent inmates from knowing their specific location within the complex."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Under his guidance, Marion Penitentiary would be in \"permanent lockdown\" for the next two decades and became a model for the construction of ADX, designed as a control unit prison."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In 1983, members of the Aryan Brotherhood, Thomas Silverstein and Clayton Fountain stabbed correctional officers Merle Clutts and Robert Hoffman to death at the United States Penitentiary, Marion."}, {"section_header": "Function", "text": "The institution is unofficially known as ADX Florence, or the \"Alcatraz of the Rockies\"."}, {"section_header": "Warden", "text": "As of early 2018, the warden of ADX Florence is Andre Matevousian."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "The Bureau of Prisons allowed the media to take a guided tour of ADX Florence on September 14, 2007."}], "text": "This penitentiary is located near Florence, Alabama from where it gets its name.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "ADX Florence"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Italian unification", "text": "This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861."}], "id": "JnwRk0gEACzIowGWS1Il", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Monarchical period", "text": "Starting from the last two decades of the 19th century, Italy developed into a colonial power by forcing under its rule Eritrea and Somalia in East Africa, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in North Africa (later unified in the colony of Libya) and the Dodecanese islands."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Nevertheless, the total fertility rate is expected to reach 1.6\u20131.8 in 2030.From the late 19th century until the 1960s Italy was a country of mass emigration."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Architecture", "text": "In the late 18th and early 19th centuries Italy was affected by the Neoclassical architectural movement."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Literature", "text": "Italian writers embraced Romanticism in the early 19th century."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sport", "text": "Italian clubs have won 48 major European trophies, making Italy the second most successful country in European football."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages", "text": "Through a complex series of events, southern Italy developed as a unified kingdom, first under the House of Hohenstaufen, then under the Capetian House of Anjou and, from the 15th century, the House of Aragon."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Law and criminal justice", "text": "Since their appearance in the middle of the 19th century, Italian organised crime and criminal organisations have infiltrated the social and economic life of many regions in Southern Italy, the most notorious of which being the Sicilian Mafia, which would later expand into some foreign countries including the United States."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Italy has for centuries welcomed Jews expelled from other countries, notably Spain."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Visual art", "text": "In the 19th century, major Italian Romantic painters were Francesco Hayez, Giuseppe Bezzuoli and Francesco Podesti."}, {"section_header": "History | Italian unification", "text": "This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861."}], "text": "The European country of Italy was only unified in the 19th century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Italy"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "id": "JuEsW1zuWvTSTXTU3z6b", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyonc\u00e9 was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for \"Drunk in Love\", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyonc\u00e9."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "In April 2014, after much speculation, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z officially announced their On the Run Tour."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyonc\u00e9 her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "On December 13, 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "As of November 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 has sold over 5 million copies worldwide and has generated over 1 billion streams, as of March 2015.At"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "In November, Forbes reported that Beyonc\u00e9 was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row\u2014earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 also won home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for \"Pretty Hurts\", as well as best collaboration for \"Drunk in Love\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on 24 May, and recorded an original song for the film, \"Rise Up\", co-written with Sia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "text": "Beyonce is a Texan.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees."}], "id": "JuqN9a9QOxD5GJZJoQF6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "The Yankees compiled a record of 569\u2013557 (.505) during MacPhail's term as GM, with one second-place finish (in 1970)."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "Although no AL franchise moved during MacPhail's term, he was in office for the dawning of the free agency era in 1976, and nine of the 12 league clubs in existence in 1974 underwent ownership changes."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959\u201365), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "He joined the Yankees when Larry MacPhail became a co-owner of the team in 1945.The younger MacPhail rose through the Yankees system, eventually becoming farm system director in the late 1940s (after his father sold his one-third share and left baseball) and contributing to the organization's seven World Series championships from 1949 to 1958."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "During his ten full years in office, the American League continued to struggle against the National League in All-Star Game competition: it lost the first nine midsummer classics it played under MacPhail's presidency, winning only in his last season, 1983, by a 13\u20133 score."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee was honored in 1998.His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, brought on by Ted Turner to create the department upon the network's launch."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees."}], "text": "Lee MacPhail's father was an engineer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress."}], "id": "K2JRZfnyLPuPKw3ZROOa", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Except for a period during the Korean War, when he was moved to Harbin, Puyi spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in Liaoning province until he was declared reformed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "From 1963 onward, Puyi regularly gave press conferences praising life in the People's Republic of China, and foreign diplomats often sought him out, curious to meet the famous \"Last Emperor\" of China."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "His ashes were first placed at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, alongside those of other party and state dignitaries. (This was the burial ground of imperial concubines and eunuchs prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.) In 1995, as a part of a commercial arrangement, Puyi's ashes were transferred by his widow Li Shuxian to a new commercial cemetery named Hualong Imperial Cemetery (\u534e\u9f99\u7687\u5bb6\u9675\u56ed) in return for monetary support."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "When the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, Puyi was repatriated to China after negotiations between the Soviet Union and China."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "From 1938 until the end of the war, every year about a million Chinese were taken from the Manchukuo countryside and northern China to be slaves in Manchukuo's factories and mines."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "In one of his last acts, the outgoing German ambassador to Japan Herbert von Dirksen visited Puyi in the Salt Tax Palace to tell him that a German embassy would be established in Hsinking later that year to join the embassies of Japan, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Italy and Nationalist Spain, the only other countries that had recognized Manchukuo."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Under the \"Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Great Qing Emperor after His Abdication\" (\u6e05\u5e1d\u9000\u4f4d \u512a\u5f85\u689d\u4ef6), signed with the new Republic of China, Puyi was to retain his imperial title and be treated by the government of the Republic with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}], "text": "Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 12 years after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to the system of unfree labour known as serfdom, and the removal of the King's senior officials and law courts."}], "id": "K38r6Vkma3269BCdJGZA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Events | Aftermath", "text": "The institution of serfdom declined after 1381, but primarily for economic rather than political reasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Meanwhile, rebels entered the Tower of London, killing the Lord Chancellor and the Lord High Treasurer, whom they found inside."}, {"section_header": "Events | Wider revolt | Northern and western England", "text": "The Ilchester gaol was stormed, and one unpopular prisoner executed."}, {"section_header": "Events | Wider revolt | Eastern England", "text": "One official, Edmund Lakenheath, was forced to flee from the Suffolk coast by boat."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to the system of unfree labour known as serfdom, and the removal of the King's senior officials and law courts."}, {"section_header": "Events | Wider revolt | Northern and western England", "text": "Members of the local government were deposed from office, and one tax collector was nearly lynched."}, {"section_header": "Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent", "text": "One group, under the leadership of John Wrawe, a former chaplain, marched north towards the neighbouring county of Suffolk, with the intention of raising a revolt there."}, {"section_header": "Background and causes | War and finance", "text": "Designed to spread the cost of the war over a broader economic base than previous tax levies, this round of taxation proved extremely unpopular but raised \u00a322,000."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture", "text": "The story ends with a prophecy that socialist ideals will one day be successful."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London."}], "text": "One of the largest reason for the Peasants' Revolt was high taxation.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Peasants' Revolt"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The song's video featured Petty dressed as the Mad Hatter, mocking and chasing Alice from the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, then cutting and eating her as if she were a cake."}], "id": "K3kQxZJlkjn0EX3oNHhm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "This album included the hit single \"Don't Come Around Here No More\", which was produced by Dave Stewart."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The song's video featured Petty dressed as the Mad Hatter, mocking and chasing Alice from the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, then cutting and eating her as if she were a cake."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "\"Don't Do Me Like That\", \"Here Comes My Girl\", \"Even the Losers\" and \"Refugee\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "Nicks joined Petty and the Heartbreakers on stage for \"a selection of songs\" including \"Stop Draggin' My Heart Around\"."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "Some have claimed that the Red Hot Chili Peppers single \"Dani California\", released in May 2006, is very similar to Petty's \"Mary Jane's Last Dance\"."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "In 1987, Petty sued tire company B.F. Goodrich for $1 million for using a song very similar to his song \"Mary's New Car\" in a TV commercial."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "\"In January 2015, it was revealed that Petty and Jeff Lynne would receive royalties from Sam Smith's song \"Stay with Me\" after its writers acknowledged similarities between it and \"I Won't Back Down\"."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "The ad agency that produced the commercial had previously sought permission to use Petty's song but was refused."}, {"section_header": "Career | Acting", "text": "In the episode, Petty gets bumped from the show and nearly comes to blows with Greg Kinnear."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The album also featured Petty's first duet, \"Insider\" with Stevie Nicks."}], "text": "The video for Tom Petty's song \"Don't Come Around Here No More\" is similar to Alice in Wonderland's adventure.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Petty"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}], "id": "K423CHQDDIPTGRA1Wcoe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "A World In Arms A Global History of World War II."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Video games", "text": "Puyi appears as \"Aisin-Gioro Puyi\" in the 2016 World War II grand strategy game Hearts of Iron IV, by Paradox Interactive, and is depicted as the absolute monarch of Manchukuo."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "much of World War II, Puyi, confined to the Salt Tax Palace, believed that Japan was winning the war, and it was not until 1944 that Puyi first began to get an inkling that Japan was losing the war when the Japanese press began to report \"heroic sacrifices\" in Burma and on Pacific islands while air raid shelters started to be built in Manchukuo."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "During the war, Puyi was an example and role model for at least some in Asia who believed in the Japanese Pan-Asian propaganda."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "\"During \"During the war , Puyi became estranged from his father, as his half-brother Pu Ren stated in an interview:  ... after 1941 Puyi's father had written him off."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Except for a period during the Korean War, when he was moved to Harbin, Puyi spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in Liaoning province until he was declared reformed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi himself complained that he had issued so many \"slavish\" pro-Japanese statements during the war that nobody on the Allied side would take him in if he did escape from Manchukuo."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "During Puyi's coronation in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on 2 December 1908, the young emperor was carried onto the Dragon Throne by his father."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "During this period, Puyi and his advisers Chen Baochen, Zheng Xiaoxu and Luo Zhenyu discussed plans to restore Puyi as Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "He was feted by the Japanese populace during his visits there, but had to remain subservient to Emperor Hirohito."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}], "text": "Puyi was Emperor of Manchukou during World War II", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 9, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "It was primarily inspired by the Olivier\u2013Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years."}], "id": "K7URGetdCki55fXqZX8V", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "It was primarily inspired by the Olivier\u2013Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Kate Bush's song \"Wuthering Heights\" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Bront\u00eb's story that is not properly an \"adaptation\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Bush wrote and released the song when she was 18 and chose it as the lead single in her debut album (despite the record company preferring another track as the lead single)."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Marten wrote the song while studying Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Brazilian heavy metal band Angra released a version of Bush's song on"}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1970 film with Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Songwriter Jim Steinman said that he wrote the song \" It's All Coming Back to Me Now\" \"while under the influence of Wuthering Heights\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "The song \"Cath\" by indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie was inspired by Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "Mizumura Minae's A True Novel (Honkaku shosetsu) (2002) is inspired by Wuthering Heights and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting."}], "text": "Kate Bush wrote a song called 'Wuthering Heights\" and it was primarily inspired by the Olivier-Oberon film version.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film tells an alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany's leadership, one planned by Shosanna Dreyfus (Laurent), a young French Jewish cinema proprietor, and the other by a team of Jewish American soldiers led by First Lieutenant Aldo Raine (Pitt)."}], "id": "K7YRfaSXyZTrVWCUQK28", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Inglourious Basterds is a 2009 war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth, Diane Kruger, Daniel Br\u00fchl, Til Schweiger and M\u00e9lanie Laurent."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Shosanna Dreyfus is living in Paris operating a cinema under the name \"Emmanuelle Mimieux\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film tells an alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany's leadership, one planned by Shosanna Dreyfus (Laurent), a young French Jewish cinema proprietor, and the other by a team of Jewish American soldiers led by First Lieutenant Aldo Raine (Pitt)."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Landa orders his SS soldiers to shoot through the floorboards, killing all but one of the Dreyfus family; Shosanna, the daughter, escapes."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "He further commented on Late Show with David Letterman that Inglourious Basterds is a \"Quentin Tarantino spelling\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was later ranked #62 on a BBC critics' poll of the greatest films since 2000."}], "text": "Inglourious Basterds starred Brad Pitt as Shosanna Dreyfus.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world."}], "id": "KE9xr0YpoS9MGLPRa8FS", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "According to the United Nations Development Programme, Toronto has the second-highest percentage of constant foreign-born population among world cities, after Miami, Florida."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "The summer months are characterized by very warm temperatures."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Public spaces", "text": "Toronto has a diverse array of public spaces, from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Neighbourhoods | Old Toronto", "text": "It is the most densely populated part of the city."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Neighbourhoods | Suburbs", "text": "During the 2000s, many neighbourhoods have become ethnically diverse and have undergone gentrification as a result of increasing population, and a housing boom during the late 1990s and the early 21st century."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "The city's gender population is 48 per cent male and 52 per cent female."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "By the 1980s, Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and chief economic hub."}], "text": "Toronto is the most populated city in Canada and is very diverse.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Toronto"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}], "id": "KEjMTWGEpT5d24hZ4ZUv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "There have been three film adaptations based on the book:  Lord of the Flies (1963), directed by Peter Brook Alkitrang Dugo (1975), a Filipino film, directed by Lupita A. Concio Lord of the Flies (1990), directed by Harry HookA fourth adaptation, to feature an all-female cast, was announced by Warner Bros. in August 2017, but was subsequently abandoned."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the \"Lord of the Flies\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Popular in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school, behind George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm and Charles Dickens\u2019 Great Expectations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Lord of the Flies also warns Simon that he is in danger, because he represents the soul of man, and predicts that the others will kill him."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies was the author's 1st book.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society, that is being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood."}], "id": "KEpBFD3vLf16U9X1JZrO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Immediately after the civil war most progressive laws passed by the Republic aimed at equality between the sexes were nullified."}, {"section_header": "Exhumation", "text": "Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te\u00f3dulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Te\u00f3dulo for the saint day of his birth."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | The end of the Civil War", "text": "Several exiled Republicans also fought in the French resistance against the German occupation in Vichy France during World War II."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | World War II", "text": "Volunteer Spanish troops (the Divisi\u00f3n Azul, or \"Blue Division\") fought on the Eastern Front under German command from 1941 to 1944."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "The letters between the two were found and she was questioned by journalists."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "At the age of fourteen, Franco was one of the youngest members of his class, with most boys being between sixteen and eighteen."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society, that is being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain", "text": "Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood."}], "text": "Francisco Franco fought for equality between the sexes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francisco Franco"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "Actors often stayed in the Dench household."}], "id": "KHrz0HoK5ash0xCbpPre", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dame Judith Olivia Dench  (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist, and author."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "Actors often stayed in the Dench household."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Dench was married to the late British actor Michael Williams."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2015\u20132017", "text": "The collaboration came about because the slang term \"dench\", which is used as a compliment, features in Bizzle's lyrics and on his clothing brand Stay Dench which Dench had previously helped to promote."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2015\u20132017", "text": "As Time Goes By. The Dame was sparkly and downright ravishing."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2018\u2013present", "text": "All Is True takes an elegiac look at Shakespeare's final days.\" Also in 2018, Dench appeared alongside Eileen Atkins, Joan Plowright and Maggie Smith in Roger Michell's documentary film Nothing Like a Dame which documents conversations between the actresses, interspersed with scenes from their career on film and stage."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They had one child, who is known professionally as Finty Williams (born Tara Cressida Frances Williams on 24 September 1972), and through her marriage, one grandchild."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132005", "text": "She followed Riddick with a more traditional role in Charles Dance's English drama Ladies in Lavender, also starring friend Maggie Smith."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "She has more than once been named number one in polls for Britain's best actor."}], "text": "The English actress, artist, and author Dame Judith Olivia Dench had actors staying at her house as a child.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Judi Dench"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968\u20131976), San Diego Padres (1977\u20131980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981\u20131985)."}], "id": "KJcAeDENZcAvOnIsVnY4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers was part of the Oakland Athletics team that accomplished the first modern-day \"three-peat,\" winning the World Series in 1972, 1973, and 1974."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During the 1972 season, Fingers entered games in the fifth inning on four occasions, but mostly entered in the sixth inning or later."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During that game, he gave up one run on four hits in five full innings."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers pitched \u200b5 1\u20443 innings, allowing three hits and two runs."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers was called upon as a reliever in a game on May 21, 1971, entering in the first inning against the Minnesota Twins in Oakland after starter Blue Moon Odom gave up three runs and three walks in just eight batters."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Other than those two games,  for the remainder of his career, his earliest entrance into a game was in the sixth inning, which happened on three more occasions."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "For the third of those championships, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, earning two saves and one win during the series."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Finley sued Kuhn, and he benched Fingers, Rudi and Blue, saying that they belonged to other teams."}, {"section_header": "Early life and minor league career", "text": "In 1966, he played for the Modesto Reds of the Class A California League, and he played for two seasons (1968 and 1969) for the Birmingham A's of the Class AA Southern League."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Members of the Athletics threatened to strike against Finley if they did not play, and Finley relented."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968\u20131976), San Diego Padres (1977\u20131980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981\u20131985)."}], "text": "Fingers played for three teams during his career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Crest", "text": "Since the 1921 FA Cup final the Tottenham Hotspur crest has featured a cockerel."}], "id": "KKJL2oOBXjkPdgK80iFZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Crest", "text": "Harry Hotspur, after whom the club is named, was said to have been given the nickname Hotspur as he dug in his spurs to make his horse go faster as he charged in battles, and spurs are also associated with fighting cocks."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "Since the 1921 FA Cup final the Tottenham Hotspur crest has featured a cockerel."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "This revamp displayed a sleeker and more elegant cockerel standing on an old-time football."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "The club used spurs as a symbol in 1900, which then evolved into a fighting cock."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "Audere Est Facere (to dare is to do).In 1983, to overcome unauthorised \"pirate\" merchandising, the club's badge was altered by adding the two red heraldic lions to flank the shield (which came from the arms of the Northumberland family, of which Harry Hotspur was a member), as well as the motto scroll."}, {"section_header": "Social responsibility", "text": "Player fines will go towards this charity's children's village in Rustenburg, South Africa with the funds being used to cover the running costs as well as in support of a variety of community development projects in and around Rustenburg."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "In November 2013, Tottenham forced non-league club Fleet Spurs to change their badge because its new design was \"too similar\" to the Tottenham crest."}, {"section_header": "History | Bill Nicholson and the glory years (1958\u20131974)", "text": "The next year Spurs won their second consecutive FA Cup after beating Burnley in the 1962 FA Cup Final."}, {"section_header": "History | Burkinshaw to Venables (1974\u20131992)", "text": "Under Venables, Spurs won the 1990\u201391 FA Cup, making them the first club to win eight FA Cups."}, {"section_header": "Kit | Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors", "text": "AIA appeared in the FA Cup, League Cup and Europa League."}], "text": "After the 1922 FA Cup, they centered their crest around Harry Hotspur's old fighting pet rooster that helped his horse go faster in battles.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play."}], "id": "KLAlFarZ5ZXcyCVCxwFA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Parodos: The arrival of the Chorus in this play is unusual in that the singing begins offstage some time before the Chorus appears."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He ends by threatening to beat his mother also, whereupon Strepsiades flies into a rage against The Thinkery, blaming Socrates for his latest troubles."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Socrates returns to the stage in a huff, protesting against the ineptitude of his new elderly student."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The philosopher descends and quickly begins the induction ceremony for the new elderly student, the highlight of which is a parade of the Clouds, the patron goddesses of thinkers and other layabouts."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Putting aside their cloud-like costumes, The Chorus declares that this is the author's cleverest play and that it cost him the greatest effort."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "It is possible that the concealed Chorus was not fully audible to the audience and this might have been a factor in the original play's failure."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The second agon in The Clouds is between Strepsiades and his son (1345\u20131451) and it is in iambic tetrameter for both speakers."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "During the parabasis proper (lines 518\u201362), the Chorus reveals that the original play was badly received when it was produced."}], "text": "At the beginning of Aristophanes's The Clouds, the Chorus is against Strepsiades.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Thoughtful and quietly religious, Byron is superior to Brown in every way but his shyness prevents him from revealing his feelings to Lena."}], "id": "KLQp96rchYehcUF47ZNV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Brown deserts Lena once again, but Byron follows him and challenges him to a fight."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Major characters", "text": "He is also a bootlegger. Joe Christmas \u2013 a man who came to Jefferson three years prior to the events in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A childishly cruel white vigilante, Percy Grimm, follows him there and, over Hightower's protest, shoots and castrates Christmas."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Looking for Lucas, sweet, trusting Lena meets shy, mild-mannered Byron Bunch, who falls in love with Lena but feels honor-bound to help her find Joe Brown."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in the author's present day, the interwar period, the novel centers on two strangers, a pregnant white woman and a man who passes as white but who believes himself to be of mixed ethnicity."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At the end of the story, an anonymous man is talking to his wife about two strangers he picked up on a trip to Tennessee, recounting that the woman had a child and the man was not the father."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters", "text": "Gavin Stevens \u2013 an educated man and district attorney who lives in Jefferson and offers commentary on some of the events at the end of the novel. Percy Grimm \u2013 the captain of the State National Guard who kills Joe Christmas and castrates him."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters", "text": "After he accidentally sees her with a man in her room, she tries unsuccessfully to have him transferred to an all-black orphanage."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Major characters", "text": "She has been told that a man named Bunch works at the mill and assumes it is Lucas Burch, because the name sounds similar."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Christian allegory", "text": "John 5, the healing of the lame man by immersion, is echoed by Christmas's repeatedly being immersed in liquids."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Thoughtful and quietly religious, Byron is superior to Brown in every way but his shyness prevents him from revealing his feelings to Lena."}], "text": "This novel partly follows a man who is too shy to admit his affections for a lady.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Light in August"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is based on the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally."}], "id": "KM8owkWaEXYkM3zs09RI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Reaction of the Jewish community", "text": "Hungarian Jewish author Imre Kert\u00e9sz, a Holocaust survivor, feels it is impossible for life in a Nazi concentration camp to be accurately portrayed by anyone who did not experience it first-hand."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Assessment by other filmmakers", "text": "Schindler's List is about 600 who don't.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Themes and symbolism | Other symbolism", "text": "For me the symbol of life is color."}, {"section_header": "Themes and symbolism | The girl in red", "text": "The girl in red may have been inspired by Krak\u00f3w resident Genya Gitel Chil, according to a 2014 interview of her family members."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Schindler's List 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Assessment by other filmmakers", "text": "Schindler's List was very well received by many of Spielberg's peers."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The Vatican named Schindler's List among the most important 45 films ever made."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Schindler and Stern create \"Schindler's List\" \u2013 a list of about 850 people to be transferred to Br\u00fcnnlitz and thus saved from transport to Auschwitz."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "Williams won an Academy Award for Best Original Score for Schindler's List, his fifth win."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Schindler's List made its U.S. network television premiere on NBC on February 23, 1997."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is based on the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally."}], "text": "Schindler's List was inspired from the life of an author.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Schindler's List"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}], "id": "KNMCJYlUNIjIEV7P3y7v", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "By the time of the composer's death in 1912 his reputation had declined, especially outside his native country."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "The work finally reached Paris in February 1884, by which time Massenet had established himself as the leading French opera composer of his generation."}, {"section_header": "Music | Background", "text": "Massenet's practical experience in orchestra pits as a young man and his careful training at the Conservatoire equipped him to make such effects without much recourse to unusual instruments."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "By the 1990s, Massenet's reputation had been considerably rehabilitated."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "un op\u00e9ras of Massenet's skill in translating French text into flexible melodic phrases,"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "At around the same time he composed a Requiem, which has not survived."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "In The Penguin Opera Guide (1993), Hugh Macdonald wrote that though Massenet's operas never equalled the grandeur of Berlioz's Les Troyens, the genius of Bizet's Carmen or the profundity of Debussy's Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande, from the 1860s until the years before the First World War, the composer gave the French lyric stage"}], "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet had a particular reputation for playing the French horn, a rarity for composers of the time, who much preferred string or woodwind instruments.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO."}], "id": "KXon6cm1ev43XmXzeTky", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "The strategy game Game of Thrones Ascent ties into the HBO series, making characters and settings available to players as they appear on television."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin"}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "A week after the series finale, HBO released a behind-the-scenes documentary entitled Game of Thrones: The Last Watch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Viewership", "text": "The third season was seen by 14.2 million viewers, making Game of Thrones the second-most-viewed HBO series (after The Sopranos)."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "According to Variety, \"There may be no show more profitable to its network than 'Game of Thrones' is to HBO."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Viewership", "text": "Game of Thrones was considered a ratings success for HBO throughout all eight seasons."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "In addition to originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "Reigns: Game of Thrones, a spin-off of the Reigns strategy video game series, is in development by Nerial, published by Devolver Digital, and was released in October 2018."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones attracted a record viewership on HBO and has a broad, active, and international fan base."}], "text": "Game of Thrones series was made for HBO.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Though he was left-handed, Connor was initially a third baseman; in early baseball, left-handed third basemen were more common than they are in modern baseball."}], "id": "KYC4bvFt2xGb4H87L9ti", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "However, John Tattersall's 1975 Home Run Handbook, a publication of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), credited Connor with 138."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "Another New York baseball team, also known as the Giants, emerged with the founding of the Players' League (PL) in 1890."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "In June 1902, the local newspaper said, \"Roger bobs up every summer and makes his farewell to the baseball public.\" His 1903 retirement was earnest though; he attended a 1904 Springfield-Norwich game as a retired spectator."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "Several players from the NL team left for the new league's Giants team, including future Hall of Famers Connor, Keefe, Jim O'Rourke and Hank O'Day."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: \"Roger Connor was a complete player \u2014 a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds).\"He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "In September 1903, Connor announced his retirement from baseball and placed his team up for sale."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor proposed that he might purchase the team and attempt to have it admitted to the State Baseball League, decreasing its travel requirements."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Though he was left-handed, Connor was initially a third baseman; in early baseball, left-handed third basemen were more common than they are in modern baseball."}], "text": "American baseball player Roger Connor was left-handed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "id": "KbrCd7VprgZRfjxsWCKo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Homecoming, The Lion King and Black Is King", "text": "On June 23, she followed up the release of its studio version with an a capella version."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Similarly, she also came up with the phrase \"visual album\" following the release of her fifth studio album, which had a video for every song."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Fashion lines", "text": "In 2005, Beyonc\u00e9 teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Der\u00e9on."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Fashion lines", "text": "On May 27, 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Der\u00e9on by Beyonc\u00e9 at their stores in Brazil."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2003\u20132005: Dangerously in Love and Destiny Fulfilled", "text": "After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyonc\u00e9 had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love", "text": "In June 2019, Lemonade was certified 3\u00d7 Platinum, having sold up to 3 million album-equivalent units in the United States alone."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "I woke up like this, which started a trend of posting morning selfies with the hashtag #iwokeuplikethis, and 'boy, bye,' which was used as part of the Democratic National Committee's campaign for the 2020 election."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "text": "Beyonce' grew up in  Alabama.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin."}], "id": "KfGnSYaQ4oQcBpFeAhQP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ambrose attended Liberty Seminary as a young boy, but his education was interrupted when his mother died in 1841; he was apprenticed to a local tailor, eventually becoming a partner in the business."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Burnside, Wisconsin is named for the general."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "After leaving the Regular Army, Burnside devoted his time and energy to the manufacture of the famous firearm that bears his name: the Burnside carbine."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy", "text": "Bruce Catton summarized Burnside: ... Burnside had repeatedly demonstrated that it had been a military tragedy to give him a rank higher than colonel."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Fredericksburg", "text": "Gen. Joseph Hooker, whom Burnside disliked."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | First Bull Run", "text": "Two companies of this regiment were then armed with Burnside Carbines."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Originally, a statue of Burnside was intended to be the focus of the porch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}], "text": "Ambrose Burnside was a member of the NRA and had eight siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Flora and fauna", "text": "Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe."}], "id": "KgVg2mGPGlvtvS6FpnVG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Flora and fauna", "text": "Because of its mild climate, many species, including sub-tropical species such as palm trees, are grown in Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during the winter of 2010-11."}, {"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Ireland", "text": "The \"Great Frost\" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Arts | Music", "text": "Although in the early Middle Ages the church was \"quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe\", there was considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known as Gregorian chant."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Languages", "text": "Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various Protestant denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland)."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Languages", "text": "It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from Latin, Old Norse, French and English."}, {"section_header": "Flora and fauna", "text": "Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested with native trees such as oak, ash, hazel, birch, alder, willow, aspen, rowan, yew and Scots pine."}, {"section_header": "History | Prehistoric Ireland", "text": "Sea levels were lower and Ireland, like Great Britain, formed part of continental Europe."}, {"section_header": "Flora and fauna", "text": "Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe."}], "text": "Compared to the rest of Europe, Ireland does not have many trees.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ireland"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office."}], "id": "Kh6xre3PbQlKHxCJgz7W", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "During her premiership Thatcher had the second-lowest average approval rating (40%) of any post-war prime minister."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "A second ballot was therefore necessary."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "Thatcher initially declared her intention to \"fight on and fight to win\" the second ballot, but consultation with her Cabinet persuaded her to withdraw."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "The Conservatives won a 44-seat majority in the House of Commons and Thatcher became the first female British prime minister."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990", "text": "Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Foreign affairs | Crisis in the Falklands", "text": "The \"Falklands factor\", an economic recovery beginning early in 1982, and a bitterly divided opposition all contributed to Thatcher's second election victory in 1983."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs", "text": "Thatcher was Opposition leader and prime minister at a time of increased racial tension in Britain."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs", "text": "As prime minister, Thatcher met weekly with Queen Elizabeth II to discuss government business, and their relationship came under close scrutiny."}, {"section_header": "Early political career", "text": "The local party selected her as its candidate because, though not a dynamic public speaker, Roberts was well-prepared and fearless in her answers; prospective candidate Bill Deedes recalled: \"Once she opened her mouth, the rest of us began to look rather second-rate.\" She attracted media attention as the youngest and the only female candidate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office."}], "text": "Margaret Thatcher was the second female prime minister of the United Kingdom.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of the X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities activated by the \"X-Gene\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X, a powerful mutant telepath who can control and read minds."}], "id": "KkIAohnPcQeGxC3Bouew", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "Magneto, a Holocaust survivor, sees the situation of mutants as similar to those of Jews in Nazi Germany."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to manipulate and control magnetic fields who leads the Brotherhood of Mutants."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "Age of X - a world in which anti-mutant sentiment became even worse due to a series of events and thus led to the United States government hunting down mutants with Sentinels and leading to \"The Decimation\" which severely reduced the mutant population and Magneto leads the mutants who are based in Fortress X."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Fate", "text": "Some characters believe they already know their own fates, such as Apocalypse believing he is fated to rule the mutants or Magneto believing he is fated to lead the mutants to rise up against humans."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that \"I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Sanity", "text": "The nature of Rogue's powers affecting her sanity due to her retaining the memories of others has been a central plot device on many occasions, most famously retaining Ms. Marvel's psyche throughout most of the 1980s."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | ResurrXion", "text": "A new series featuring the original Jean leading a team of X-Men called"}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Death and resurrection", "text": "X-Necrosha is a particular story arc that sees Selene temporarily reanimate many of the X-Men's dead allies and enemies in order for her to achieve godhood."}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men | Fictional places", "text": "Emma Frost secretly leads New Tien by telepathically possessing New Tien's puppet ruler Xorn."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Fate", "text": "The topic of fate takes center stage yet again in a story arc called \"The Extremists\" involving attacks against the Morlocks due to one of them seeing a dark future for their people."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of the X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities activated by the \"X-Gene\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X, a powerful mutant telepath who can control and read minds."}], "text": "Most of the X-Men are mutants that are lead by a mutant that can see what others are thinking.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 \u2013 October 27, 1955), nicknamed \"The Old Fox\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner."}], "id": "KkkxX1nK64qqEstSkUGU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Hall of Fame candidacy", "text": "Griffith was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Old Timers Committee in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 \u2013 October 27, 1955), nicknamed \"The Old Fox\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sometimes known for being a thrifty executive, Griffith is also remembered for attracting talented players from the National League to play for the Senators when the American League was in its infancy."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching \u200b226 1\u20443 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds."}, {"section_header": "Hall of Fame candidacy", "text": "He referred to Griffith as \"the real father of the American League\", citing the fact that Griffith had been a key force in attracting National League players to join the American League teams in their initial years."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "He twice entrusted 27-year-old players to manage his teams\u2014Bucky Harris in 1924 and Joe Cronin in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchinson had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchinson's career."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Griffith was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "A collegiate baseball league, the National Capital City Junior League, was renamed in honor of Griffith after his death."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "When the Baseball Hall of Fame was being built and was looking for baseball memorabilia, Griffith donated several photographs of these presidential first pitches."}], "text": "Griffith was sometimes referred to as \"The Old Squirrel\" in Major League Baseball.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Clark Griffith"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The Manhattan anchorage rests on a foundation of bedrock while the Brooklyn anchorage rests on clay."}], "id": "KteuzeXqjdgAkIbIUlYB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages both have four anchor plates, one for each of the main cables, which are located near ground level and parallel to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The Manhattan anchorage rests on a foundation of bedrock while the Brooklyn anchorage rests on clay."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "Each anchor plate is connected to the respective main cable by two sets of nine eyebars, each of which is about 12.5 feet (3.8 m) long and up to 9 by 3 inches (229 by 76 mm) thick."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The chains of eyebars curve downward from the cables toward the anchor plates, and the eyebars vary in size depending on their position."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchor plates measure 16 by 17.5 inches (410 by 440 mm), with a thickness of 2.5 inches (64 mm) and weigh 46,000 pounds (21,000 kg) each."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages are trapezoidal limestone structures located slightly inland of the shore, measuring 129 by 119 feet (39 by 36 m) at the base and 117 by 104 feet (36 by 32 m) at the top."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages also contain numerous passageways and compartments."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "Each side of the bridge contains an anchorage for the main cables."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "Each anchorage weighs 60,000 short tons (54,000 long tons)."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Anniversary celebrations", "text": "A renovated pedestrian connection to Dumbo, Brooklyn, was also reopened before the anniversary celebrations."}], "text": "The Brooklyn anchorage is connected to a base of bedrock and has 4 anchor plates.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The book was originally published with the title"}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press."}], "id": "KvtDUoi38XmErtjllpID", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "It was titled Naked Lunch and was substantially different from the Olympia Press edition because it was based on an earlier 1958 manuscript in Allen Ginsberg's possession."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The book was originally published with the title"}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "Nonetheless The Naked Lunch remained the title used for the 1968 and 1974 Corgi Books editions, and the novel is often known by the alternative name, especially in the UK where these editions circulated."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "\" The title means exactly what the words say: naked lunch, a frozen moment when everyone sees what is on the end of every fork.\" Although scholarly research tends to point toward Manet's Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass) of 1863 as Burrough's inspiration for the title."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "For the next five years, Burroughs used the title to refer to a three-part work made up of 'Junk,' 'Queer' and 'Yage,' corresponding to his first three manuscripts, before it came to describe the book later published as Naked Lunch, which was based largely on his 1957 'Interzone' manuscript."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0"}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "He states that Ginsberg misread \"Naked Lust\" from the manuscript, and only he noticed."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "Burroughs states in his introduction that Jack Kerouac suggested the title."}], "text": "The original title of the Naked Lunch was different.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naked Lunch"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana."}], "id": "KybReKxU55OmAf4zRuYA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders", "text": "On April 19, Parker and Fults were captured in a failed hardware store burglary in Kaufman in which they had intended to steal firearms."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Barrow was first arrested in late 1926, at age 17, after running when police confronted him over a rental car that he had failed to return on time."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders", "text": "On October 11, they allegedly killed Howard Hall at his store during a robbery in Sherman, Texas, though some historians consider this unlikely."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders", "text": "Parker was released from jail in a few months, after the grand jury failed to indict her; Fults was tried, convicted, and served time."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\", the latter more commonly known as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "In his post-Eastham career, Barrow robbed grocery stores and gas stations at a rate far outpacing the ten or so bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders", "text": "He never rejoined the gang. On April 30, Barrow was the getaway driver in a robbery in Hillsboro during which store owner J.N. Bucher was shot and killed."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1934: Final run", "text": "The resultant arrest warrant for the Campbell murder specified \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana."}], "text": "Bonnie and Clyde were murdered by police in Rowena, Texas after a failed store robbery.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Bonnie and Clyde"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A lampooning of intellectual fashions in classical Athens, it was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423 BC and was not as well received as the author had hoped, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year."}], "id": "KyfNGW6dwZg74y4abuTQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Thus the original production of The Clouds in 423 BC came at a time when Athens was looking forward to a period of peace."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Aristophanes however had singled Cleon out for special treatment in his previous play The Knights in 424 and there are relatively few references to him in The Clouds."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "A typical Aristophanic Chorus, even if it starts out as hostile to the protagonist, is the protagonist's cheer squad by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A lampooning of intellectual fashions in classical Athens, it was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423 BC and was not as well received as the author had hoped, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Chorus then resumes its appearance as clouds, promising divine favours if the audience punishes Cleon for corruption and rebuking Athenians for messing about with the calendar, since this has put Athens out of step with the moon."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Strepsiades, having thought up a plan to get out of debt, wakes the youth gently and pleads with him to do something for him."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Socrates moreover had distinguished himself from the crowd by his heroism in the retreat from the Battle of Delium and this might have further singled him out for ridicule among his comrades."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Agon: The play has two agons."}], "text": "The Clouds is a play that was not well liked when it came out.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "An orange top she wore in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was auctioned in 2004 for a fund-raising event at Helen & Douglas House, a hospice in Oxford."}], "id": "KzsJhzcYUs9pcIyuay0O", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "If\", which proved to be a commercial hit; she donated her earnings from it to children's charities."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "She claimed \u00a310,000 in damages, and donated the amount to an eating disorder charity."}, {"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "Winslet supports several charities and causes."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Winslet admitted to being heartbroken by the split, but affirmed her determination to look after her children in spite of her marital breakups."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "Winslet is known for her willingness to perform nude scenes, having done so in 12 of her films, although she considers its contribution to the narrative before agreeing to it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She performed the song \" What If\" for the soundtrack of her film Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Her next film, an adaptation of the Australian gothic novel The Dressmaker, was described by the director Jocelyn Moorhouse as being reminiscent of the western Unforgiven (1992)."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "A journalist for Elle believes her choices reflect the \"soul and attitude of a jobbing actress, trapped in the body of a movie star\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Winslet's third film release of 2001 was the animated film Christmas Carol: The Movie, based on Charles Dickens' novel."}, {"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "In 2006, she became a patron of a Gloucester-based charity, the Family Haven, which provides counselling services to vulnerable families."}, {"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "An orange top she wore in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was auctioned in 2004 for a fund-raising event at Helen & Douglas House, a hospice in Oxford."}], "text": "Winslet has donated some props or clothing from movies she has done so that they can be sold for charities.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a colourless, odourless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic."}], "id": "L1CBSbjuEFDNDmilVxfV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Technical grade H2SO4 is impure and often colored, but is suitable for making fertilizer."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence", "text": "This acidic water is capable of dissolving metals present in sulfide ores, which results in brightly colored, toxic solutions."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Polarity and conductivity", "text": "Anhydrous H2SO4 is a very polar liquid, having a dielectric constant of around 100."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Domestic uses", "text": "Moreover, as concentrated sulfuric acid has a strong dehydrating property, it can remove tissue paper via dehydrating process as well."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Sumerians had a list of types of vitriol that they classified according to the substances' color."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Laboratory hazards", "text": "Moreover, its strong oxidizing property makes it highly corrosive to many metals and may extend its destruction on other materials."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Because the hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic, dilution should always be performed by adding the acid to the water rather than the water to the acid."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Because the hydration of sulfuric acid is thermodynamically favorable and the affinity of it for water is sufficiently strong, sulfuric acid is an excellent dehydrating agent."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Similarly, mixing starch into concentrated sulfuric acid will give elemental carbon and water as absorbed by the sulfuric acid (which becomes slightly diluted)."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Because the reaction is in an equilibrium that favors the rapid protonation of water, addition of acid to the water ensures that the acid is the limiting reagent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a colourless, odourless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic."}], "text": "Sulfuric Acid does not have a color and an odor moreover, it is insoluble in water.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The unconventional Father Charles \"Chuck\" O'Malley is assigned to St. Mary's parish, which includes a run-down inner-city school building on the verge of being condemned."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}], "id": "L1JfYeoRaJxt8wFmqhnI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by Leo McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their school from being shut down."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A television adaptation on videotape of The Bells of St. Mary's was shown in 1959, starring Claudette Colbert, Marc Connelly, Glenda Farrell, Nancy Marchand, Barbara Myers, Robert Preston, and Charles Ruggles."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The unconventional Father Charles \"Chuck\" O'Malley is assigned to St. Mary's parish, which includes a run-down inner-city school building on the verge of being condemned."}], "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's is a book about a priest and a nun which became a movie and had a character named Jimmy O'Toole.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Numerous English translations of the work have been made, the first by William Caxton in 1480."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorph\u014dse\u014dn libr\u012b: \"Books of Transformations\") is an 8 AD Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus."}], "id": "L2bfkX16BSXHad5WElyX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "The next significant translation was by George Sandys, produced from 1621\u20136, which set the poem in heroic couplets, a metre that would subsequently become dominant in vernacular English epic and in English translations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Numerous English translations of the work have been made, the first by William Caxton in 1480."}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "The full appearance of the Metamorphoses in English translation (sections had appeared in the works of Chaucer and Gower) coincides with the beginning of printing, and traces a path through the history of publishing."}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "In 1994, a collection of translations and responses to the poem, entitled After Ovid: New Metamorphoses,  was produced by numerous contributors in emulation of the process of the Garth volume."}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "In 1567, Arthur Golding published a translation of the poem that would become highly influential, the version read by Shakespeare and Spenser."}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "Translation of the Metamorphoses after this period was comparatively limited in its achievement; the Garth volume continued to be printed into the 1800s, and had \"no real rivals throughout the nineteenth"}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "century\". Around the later half of the 20th century a greater number of translations appeared as literary translation underwent a revival."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Among other English writers for whom the Metamorphoses was an inspiration are John Milton\u2014who made use of it in Paradise Lost, considered his magnum opus, and evidently knew it well\u2014and Edmund Spenser."}, {"section_header": "In English translation", "text": "William Caxton produced the first translation of the text on 22 April 1480; set in prose, it is a literal rendering of a French translation known as the Ovide Moralis\u00e9."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorph\u014dse\u014dn libr\u012b: \"Books of Transformations\") is an 8 AD Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus."}], "text": "Metamorphoses is a narrative poem that has had English translations made.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metamorphoses"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane."}], "id": "L7jEbbccvU6WOvWJZupe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "As part of its very large website, the museum has the largest online database of objects in the collection of any museum in the world, with 2,000,000 individual object entries, 650,000 of them illustrated, online at the start of 2012."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of the Middle East", "text": "The Achaemenid collection was enhanced with the addition of the Oxus Treasure in 1897 and objects excavated by the German scholar Ernst Herzfeld and the Hungarian-British explorer Sir Aurel Stein."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "Antiquities from excavations started to come to the museum in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the work of the Egypt Exploration Fund under the efforts of E.A. Wallis Budge."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "Today the museum no longer houses collections of natural history, and the books and manuscripts it once held now form part of the independent British Library."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Reading Room closed in 1997 when the national library (the British Library) moved to a new building at St Pancras."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane."}], "text": "The British Museum was started by a German cobbler.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "Charlie Parker Jr. was born in Kansas City, Kansas at 852 Freeman Avenue, and raised in Kansas City, Missouri near Westport and later \u2013 in high school \u2013 near 15th and Olive Street."}], "id": "L96wTJ6nVTLvk9ycJXBP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "\"Addie\" Bailey, who was of mixed Choctaw and African American background."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "Charlie Parker Jr. was born in Kansas City, Kansas at 852 Freeman Avenue, and raised in Kansas City, Missouri near Westport and later \u2013 in high school \u2013 near 15th and Olive Street."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "The Annual Charlie Parker Celebration is an annual festival held in Kansas City, Kansas since 2014."}, {"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "In 1940, he returned to Kansas City to perform with Jay McShann and to attend the funeral of his father, Charles, Sr."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "In late spring 1936, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "In the fall of 1936, Parker traveled with a band from Kansas City to the Ozarks for the opening of Clarence Musser's Tavern south of Eldon, Missouri."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "It is even less cool to ask 'Who is Bird?'\" A memorial to Parker was dedicated in 1999 in Kansas City at 17th Terrace and The Paseo, near the American Jazz Museum located at 18th and Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculpted by Robert Graham."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "Streets was given the honorary designation \"Charlie Parker Place\" in 1992."}], "text": "Charlie Parker was born in Kansas City, Kansas, and was of mixed Choctaw and African American background.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, pronounced [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0282\u0259st\u0250\u02c8kov\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; (25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 \u2013 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist."}], "id": "LDeo26J2gaKJOaujdcSF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "Even before the Stalinist anti-Semitic campaigns in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Shostakovich showed an interest in Jewish themes."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "He was further inspired to write with Jewish themes when he examined Moisei Beregovski's 1944 thesis on Jewish folk music."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "In 1948, Shostakovich acquired a book of Jewish folk songs, from which he composed the song cycle From Jewish Folk Poetry."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "Examples of works that included Jewish themes are the Fourth String Quartet (1949), the First Violin Concerto (1948), and the Four Monologues on Pushkin Poems (1952), as well as the Piano Trio in E minor (1944)."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "He was intrigued by Jewish music's \"ability to build a jolly melody on sad intonations\"."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "He initially wrote eight songs meant to represent the hardships of being Jewish in the Soviet Union."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "From Jewish Folk Poetry could not be performed until after Stalin's death in March 1953, along with all the other works that were forbidden."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Second World War", "text": "Shostakovich continued to compose chamber music, notably his Second Piano Trio (Op. 67), dedicated to the memory of Sollertinsky, with a bittersweet, Jewish-themed totentanz finale."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "To disguise this, he added three more meant to demonstrate the great life Jews had under the Soviet regime."}, {"section_header": "Music | Jewish themes", "text": "Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning in the work, the Union of Composers refused to approve his music in 1949 under the pressure of the anti-Semitism that gripped the country."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, pronounced [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0282\u0259st\u0250\u02c8kov\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; (25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 \u2013 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist."}], "text": "Dmitry Shostakovich was a Ukrainian cellist who showed interest in Jewish themes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dmitry Shostakovich"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has been alternately suggested by historian Thomas Wolf that the shooting incident might have been inspired by Chicago Cubs shortstop Billy Jurges, who was shot by a showgirl with whom he was romantically linked, but there has been no evidence to support this claim."}], "id": "LKD6mSJvcShnWEesv3KZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In fact, she is a lunatic obsessed with shooting the best baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one losing game, Roy Hobbs emerges from the clubhouse tunnel and announces that he is the team's new left fielder, having just been signed by Knights co-owner Judge Banner."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Her character is loosely based on Ruth Ann Steinhagen, a disturbed 19-year-old baseball fan who, obsessed with Eddie Waitkus, shot and nearly killed him in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel picks up 16 years later in the dugout of the New York Knights, a fictional National League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Based upon the bizarre shooting incident and subsequent comeback of Philadelphia Phillies player Eddie Waitkus, the story of Roy Hobbs takes some poetic license and embellishes what was truly a strange, but memorable, account of a career lost too soon."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Other passengers include sportswriter Max Mercy, Walter \"The Whammer\" Whambold, the leading hitter in the American League and three-time American League Most Valuable Player (based on Babe Ruth), and Harriet Bird, a beautiful but mysterious woman."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "She is generally unhappy and leads Roy on for most of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "During one game, Pop substitutes Hobbs as a pinch hitter for team star Bump Baily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Being the newest player, Roy has a number of practical jokes played upon him, including the theft of his \"Wonderboy\" bat."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has been alternately suggested by historian Thomas Wolf that the shooting incident might have been inspired by Chicago Cubs shortstop Billy Jurges, who was shot by a showgirl with whom he was romantically linked, but there has been no evidence to support this claim."}], "text": "The novel may have been based on a real baseball player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Natural"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top."}], "id": "LKxlOZp3tsCmP5ffnPWt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) have equal magnitude but opposite sign."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Mass", "text": "Most of a hadron's mass comes from the gluons that bind the constituent quarks together, rather than from the quarks themselves."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "This causes asymptotic freedom: as quarks come closer to each other, the chromodynamic binding force between them weakens."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Mass", "text": "These masses typically have very different values."}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "The resulting attraction between different quarks causes the formation of composite particles known as hadrons (see \"Strong interaction and color charge\" below)."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The two parties had assigned the discovered meson two different symbols, J and \u03c8; thus, it became formally known as the J/\u03c8 meson."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Weak interaction", "text": "A quark of one flavor can transform into a quark of another flavor only through the weak interaction, one of the four fundamental interactions in particle physics."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The quark flavors were given their names for several reasons."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "Every quark flavor f, each with subtypes fB"}, {"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "Similarly, the combination of three quarks, each with different color charges, or three antiquarks, each with anticolor charges, will result in the same \"white\" color charge and the formation of a baryon or antibaryon."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top."}], "text": "A quark comes in 6 different flavors.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Quark"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "It was a very brief conclave, lasting less than 24 hours."}], "id": "LO2QSKLmIktpBB8husir", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Additionally, his legal brilliance and management abilities meant that he was able to respond and deal with major problems quickly and decisively, although not always successfully."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 \u2013 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Reform of the Church", "text": "Once in the chair of Saint Peter, Gregory XIII's rather worldly concerns became secondary and he dedicated himself to reform of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "It was a very brief conclave, lasting less than 24 hours."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Gregory XIII's character seemed to be perfect for the needs of the church at the time."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Career before papacy", "text": "It was there that he formed a lasting and close relationship with the Spanish King, which was to become very important in his foreign policy as Pope."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits."}], "text": "The meeting deciding to make Gregory XIII the next pope lasted over a week after the previous pope died, in part due to Gregory's history and brilliance in the legal field, which the upper echelons of the catholic church thought might sway him towards unchristian ideas.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Though injuries forced his retirement from active play after 10 seasons, Kiner's tremendous slugging outpaced all of his National League contemporaries between the years 1946 and 1952."}], "id": "LRNBFCtLv9PCjEhaVe9b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "He hit better than .300 three times, with a career best .313 with the Pirates in 1947."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, baseball writer Marty Noble named Kiner \"one of baseball's genuine and most charming gentlemen\"."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Upon his death, New York Mets owner Fred Wilpon stated \"Ralph Kiner was one of the most beloved people in Mets history\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "During these visits (usually once a week), regular announcers Gary Cohen, Keith Hernandez, and Ron Darling made room for Kiner as he shared stories of old-time baseball, as well as the current state of the game."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Kiner was married four times; his first spouse was"}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner had garnered 273 votes by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, one more than the minimum required for election."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "His family was at his side at the time of his death."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "He even once called himself \"Ralph Korner\"."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Ralph Kiner died from natural causes in Rancho Mirage, California on February 6, 2014 at the age of 91."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The Mets honored him with an on-field ceremony on \"Ralph Kiner Night\" at Shea Stadium on Saturday, July 14, 2007."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Though injuries forced his retirement from active play after 10 seasons, Kiner's tremendous slugging outpaced all of his National League contemporaries between the years 1946 and 1952."}], "text": "Ralph Kiner was one of the best catchers of his time, performing less well than his peers in other roles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ralph Kiner"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}], "id": "LRqIBqDZxoK9suSMdyXA", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In the crash, Jennings again fractured his skull, suffered a concussion of the brain, and broke both legs and his left arm."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "While attending Cornell, he fractured his skull diving head-first into a swimming pool at night, only to find the pool had been emptied."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "The \"Ee-Yah\" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie \"Ee-Yah\" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout \"Ee-Yah\" when Jennings appeared on the field. (See also Jack Smile,"}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings was also one of the best fielding shortstops of the era."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "Jennings practiced law in Baltimore and in Scranton, Pennsylvania."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings died from a fractured skull.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}], "id": "LUu6kTYTAE0MMZvJCieO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "106\u2013107 the author refers to \"Pete Alexander\" and \"Ol' Pete\" in a matter-of-fact way, suggesting the nickname was well known."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \"Ol' Pete.\" In The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "So dominant was he during the 1910s that many players and writers of his era referred to him as \"the best pitcher to ever put on a pair of shoes\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was the only player elected that year."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander posted a lifetime winning percentage of .642, compared to Mathewson's .665."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "\"It is uncertain how frequently Alexander was publicly called by that nickname during his playing days."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Along the way Alexander began to have problems with alcohol, a struggle that would plague him the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}], "text": "Alexander was referred to as \"Old Cleve\".", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "William founded a monastery at the site of the battle, the high altar of the abbey church supposedly placed at the spot where Harold died."}], "id": "LVVaD25DZmiGMOPNCBEX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "William's preparations and landing", "text": "After landing, William's forces built a wooden castle at Hastings, from which they raided the surrounding area."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Battle Abbey was founded by William at the site of the battle."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "Some accounts of the battle indicate that the Normans advanced from Hastings to the battlefield, but the contemporary account of William of Jumi\u00e8ges places the Normans at the site of the battle the night before."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south", "text": "This location was about 8 miles (13 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "In modern times annual reenactments of the Battle of Hastings have drawn thousands of participants and spectators to the site of the original battle."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south", "text": "The exact events preceding the battle are obscure, with contradictory accounts in the sources, but all agree that William led his army from his castle and advanced towards the enemy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "William founded a monastery at the site of the battle, the high altar of the abbey church supposedly placed at the spot where Harold died."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Dispositions of forces and tactics", "text": "Sources differ on the exact site that the English fought on: some sources state the site of the abbey, but some newer sources suggest it was Caldbec Hill."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south", "text": "Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "According to 12th-century sources, William made a vow to found the abbey, and the high altar of the church was placed at the site where Harold had died."}], "text": "William built a castle at the site of the Battle of Hastings.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "In the U.S., to avoid the initial G rating, which had been strongly associated with children's films and might have hindered box office sales, a different scene was used \u2013 one depicting Abrahams and Montague arriving at a Cambridge railway station and encountering two World War"}], "id": "LY0klHxytXbPNqRxuphB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "For the American audience, this brief scene was deleted."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical drama film."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics | Stage adaptation", "text": "A stage adaptation of Chariots of Fire was mounted in honour of the 2012 Olympics."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Since its release, Chariots of Fire has received generally positive reviews from critics."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics", "text": "Chariots of Fire became a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "The film was slightly altered for the U.S. audience."}, {"section_header": "Accolades", "text": "From the opening scene of pale young men racing barefoot along the beach, full of hope and elation, backed by Vangelis's now famous anthem, the film is utterly compelling.\" Chariots of Fire was very successful at the 54th Academy Awards, winning four of seven nominations."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Characters", "text": "Liddell's sister was several years younger than she was portrayed in the film."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics | Stage adaptation", "text": "Vangelis also created several new pieces of music for the production."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "Puttnam chose Hugh Hudson, a multiple award-winning advertising and documentary filmmaker who had never helmed a feature film, to direct Chariots of Fire."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "In the U.S., to avoid the initial G rating, which had been strongly associated with children's films and might have hindered box office sales, a different scene was used \u2013 one depicting Abrahams and Montague arriving at a Cambridge railway station and encountering two World War"}], "text": "Several scenes were cut from Chariots of Fire to remove the rating for adult audiences only.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Chariots of Fire"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "In 1837, Adolphe married Aim\u00e9e Delsarte, against the wishes of her family who considered him a poor prospect; the Delsartes, though impoverished, were a cultured and highly musical family."}], "id": "LZmEUhag50mWKgaNpopC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges, an only child, showed early aptitude for music and quickly picked up the basics of musical notation from his mother, who probably gave him his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges was interviewed by Joseph Meifred, the horn virtuoso who was a member of the Conservatoire's Committee of Studies."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "He was registered as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold, but baptised as \"Georges\" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "In 1837, Adolphe married Aim\u00e9e Delsarte, against the wishes of her family who considered him a poor prospect; the Delsartes, though impoverished, were a cultured and highly musical family."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Life | Marriage", "text": "He should succeed\". As a belated homage to his late father-in-law, Bizet took up the No\u00e9 manuscript and completed it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "At least one author has suggested that his mother was from a Jewish family but this is not substantiated in any of his official biographies."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "By listening at the door of the room where Adolphe conducted his classes, Georges learned to sing difficult songs accurately from memory and developed an ability to identify and analyse complex chordal structures."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}], "text": "Georges Bizet grew up in a wealthy family.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Beginning in 1951, Leonard went to the Mexican League."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "He began his Negro league career in 1933 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants, then moved to the legendary Homestead Grays in 1934, the team he played for until his retirement in 1950."}], "id": "LcjcBiTrRHjNkLrmJoUH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "He stayed in Mexico through 1955, playing for teams in Torre\u00f3n, Xalapa, Durango and Obreg\u00f3n."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "For much of his time in Mexico, he was managed by Cuban baseball star Mart\u00edn Dihigo."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Leonard said that he got sick from the water every year that he returned to Mexico, but he otherwise enjoyed the league."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "In fact, Negro league star Monte Irvin said that if Leonard had been allowed in the major leagues, baseball fans \"might have called Lou Gehrig the white Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Career statistics | Negro leagues", "text": "These statistics include the official Negro league statistics for Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Since Gibson was known as the \"Black Babe Ruth\" and Leonard was a first baseman, Buck Leonard was inevitably called the \"Black Lou Gehrig."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Walter Fenner \"Buck\" Leonard (September 8, 1907 \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Leonard was impressed by Dihigo's baseball knowledge."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "At his induction ceremony on August 7 of that year, Leonard said, \"We in the Negro leagues felt like we were contributing something to baseball, too, when we were playing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leonard never played in Major League Baseball (MLB); he declined a 1952 offer of an MLB contract because he felt he was too old."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Beginning in 1951, Leonard went to the Mexican League."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "He began his Negro league career in 1933 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants, then moved to the legendary Homestead Grays in 1934, the team he played for until his retirement in 1950."}], "text": "Towards the end of his career, Buck Leonard played baseball in Mexico.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Buck Leonard"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "The Royal Stoa was destroyed along with the Temple during the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE."}], "id": "Ldnz98uob8swTkhasvAD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In 1033, there was another earthquake, severely damaging the mosque."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0649\u0670\u200e, romanized: al-Masjid al-\u02beAq\u1e63\u0101, IPA: ["}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "The Royal Stoa was destroyed along with the Temple during the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Facade and porch", "text": "The Crusaders damaged the facade, but it was restored and renovated by the Ayyubids."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In 746, the al-Aqsa Mosque was damaged in an earthquake, four years before as-Saffah overthrew the Umayyads and established the Abbasid Caliphate."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "A second earthquake damaged most of al-Mansur's repairs, excluding those made in the southern portion in 774."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "Severe damage was caused by the 1837 and 1927 earthquakes, but the mosque was repaired in 1938 and 1942.On 20 July 1951, King Abdullah I was shot three times by a Palestinian gunman as he entered the mosque, killing him."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "Some paintings by an Italian artist were introduced when repairs were undertaken at the mosque after an earthquake ravaged the mosque in 1927."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "For example, Sahih al-Bukhari quotes Abu Darda as saying: \"the Prophet of God Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Aqsa Mosque is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque was damaged by the Romans.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is the developer of the video-sharing social networking service Douyin (TikTok)."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "The app now takes on the TikTok name."}], "id": "LfDMjBIt8KI7dXjbqo1b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company was valued at $78 billion and is considered one of the most valuable unicorns in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Products | Neihan Duanzi", "text": "In March 2012, ByteDance launched its first app called Neihan Duanzi (\u5185\u6db5\u6bb5\u5b50)."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In December 2019, ByteDance began a test release of its music streaming app Resso in India and Indonesia."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "On March 4, 2020, the company officially launched the app, which it described as a \"social music streaming app\"."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "The app now takes on the TikTok name."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In November 2017, ByteDance acquired global news app News Republic and global lip-sync video community musical.ly."}, {"section_header": "Lawsuits | Huxiu", "text": "In December 2018, ByteDance sued Huxiu for defamation after Huxiu reported that ByteDance's Indian-language news app Helo was propagating misinformation."}, {"section_header": "Products | Neihan Duanzi", "text": "This app allowed users to circulate jokes, memes, and humorous videos."}, {"section_header": "Products | Neihan Duanzi", "text": "In response to Neihan Duanzi's shutdown, founder Zhang Yiming issued a letter stating that the app was \"incommensurate with socialist core values\" and promised that ByteDance would \"further deepen cooperation\" with the authorities to promote their policies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is the developer of the video-sharing social networking service Douyin (TikTok)."}], "text": "ByteDance don't own any apps which are popular in the Western world.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume One: Swann's Way", "text": "The Narrator begins by noting, \"For a long time, I went to bed early.\" He comments on the way"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume One: Swann's Way", "text": "He remembers being in his room in the family's country home in Combray, while downstairs his parents entertain their friend Charles Swann, an elegant man of Jewish origin with strong ties to society."}], "id": "LiyZQyiYX8pJtOiYKKRP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}, {"section_header": "Initial publication", "text": "The Past Recaptured) (1927) is the final volume in Proust's novel."}, {"section_header": "Initial publication", "text": "This is the first of Proust's books published posthumously."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume Two: In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower", "text": "The Narrator marvels at Elstir's method of renewing impressions of ordinary things, as well as his connections with the Verdurins (he is \"M. Biche\") and Mme Swann."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way\u2014Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way\u2014Cities of the Plain; The Captive\u2014The Fugitive\u2014Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume One: Swann's Way", "text": "The Narrator begins by noting, \"For a long time, I went to bed early.\" He comments on the way"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume One: Swann's Way", "text": "He remembers being in his room in the family's country home in Combray, while downstairs his parents entertain their friend Charles Swann, an elegant man of Jewish origin with strong ties to society."}], "text": "In the first volume of Proust's Remembrance of Things Past, the Narrator meets Mr. Swann.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Remembrance of Things Past"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Wycliffe was instrumental in the development of a translation of the Bible in English, thus making it accessible to laypeople."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Wycliffe was born in the village of Hipswell near Richmond in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, around the 1320s"}], "id": "LqyvbqVJmMXBR9HbtQ4A", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1382 he completed a translation directly from the Vulgate into Middle English \u2013 a version now known as Wycliffe's Bible."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "In keeping with Wycliffe's belief that scripture was the only authoritative reliable guide to the truth about God, he became involved in efforts to translate the Bible into English."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "While Wycliffe is credited, it is not possible exactly to define his part in the translation, which was based on the Vulgate."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Wycliffe was instrumental in the development of a translation of the Bible in English, thus making it accessible to laypeople."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "There still exist about 150 manuscripts, complete or partial, containing the translation in its revised form."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It is not known when he first came to Oxford, with which he was so closely connected until the end of his life, but he is known to have been at Oxford around 1345."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "From him comes the translation of the New Testament, which was smoother, clearer, and more readable than the rendering of the Old Testament by his friend Nicholas of Hereford."}, {"section_header": "Career | Conflict with the Church", "text": "The exact charges are not known, as the matter did not get as far as a definite examination."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wycliffe advocated translation of the Bible into the common vernacular."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines | Views on the papacy", "text": "The first, from 1366 to 1378, reflects a political struggle with Rome, while 1378 to 1384 is more a religious struggle."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Wycliffe was born in the village of Hipswell near Richmond in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, around the 1320s"}], "text": "Wycliffe is an English scholar whose known for translating religious text.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "John Wycliffe"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}], "id": "LudXVBsvnhvEJfYghGrZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An imperial diet was a formal deliberative assembly of the whole Empire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "[\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u00e7sta\u02d0k tsu\u02d0 \u02c8v\u0254\u0250ms]) was an imperial diet (assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms"}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on"}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour"}], "text": "The Diet of Worms was an assembly of the Empire in 1521.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}], "id": "Luiq2USSIThamonHLpyH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The typical spotted markings are present but hidden due to the excess black pigments, which is called \"ghost rosettes\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 2009, a black jaguar was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 1801, F\u00e9lix de Azara described a black jaguar observed by local people near the Paran\u00e1 River in Paraguay."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "Melanism in the jaguar is conferred by a dominant allele."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}], "text": "Black Panther is called a jaguar in the Americas but also called a Leopard.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "They had one son. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986."}], "id": "LwesoHVaJdxyO0SXH2EQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "His jersey number 1 was retired by the Red Sox on May 21, 1988."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "\"On August 2, 2007, the Red Sox held \"Bobby Doerr Day\" at Fenway Park where he rode along the warning track in a car, threw out the first pitch, and gave a speech."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "They had one son. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986."}], "text": "Bobby was the father of 1 kid.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "He seemed temporarily to recover, but in the early hours of 3 June, his wedding anniversary, he suffered a fatal second attack."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After its premiere on 3 March 1875, Bizet was convinced that the work was a failure; he died of a heart attack three months later, unaware that it would prove a spectacular and enduring success."}], "id": "Lzf8BPxCA99QgxOEJYVs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "He seemed temporarily to recover, but in the early hours of 3 June, his wedding anniversary, he suffered a fatal second attack."}, {"section_header": "Life | Marriage", "text": "By summer 1869, their objections had been overcome, and the wedding took place on 3 June 1869."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After its premiere on 3 March 1875, Bizet was convinced that the work was a failure; he died of a heart attack three months later, unaware that it would prove a spectacular and enduring success."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "Resolving these issues delayed the first night until 3 March 1875 on which morning, by chance, Bizet's appointment as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour was announced."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Djamileh, L'Arl\u00e9sienne and Don Rodrigue", "text": "I spring from you\". In June 1872, Bizet informed Galabert: \"I have just been ordered to compose three acts for the Op\u00e9ra-Comique."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bizet's marriage to Genevi\u00e8ve Hal\u00e9vy was intermittently happy and produced one son."}, {"section_header": "Life | Marriage", "text": "Bizet's marriage was initially happy, but was affected by Genevi\u00e8ve's nervous instability (inherited from both her parents), her difficult relations with her mother and by Mme."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Paris, 1860\u20131863", "text": "Although French composers were better represented at the Op\u00e9ra-Comique, the style and character of productions had remained largely unchanged since the 1830s."}], "text": "The French composer, Georges Bizet, celebrated the anniversary of his marriage on June 3, 1875.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}], "id": "M0V6C09UHgBWH3kZMLqX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": ", there have been several other versions of the story."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}], "text": "A Bell for Adano was a story of someone with dual citizenship.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She got that typewriter at the age of seven, and has continued writing poetry since then."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "These poems eventually evolved into songs."}], "id": "M1f9l3BWZhvp4LYFfJMU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "Shakira also contributed an original song to the film, titled \"Try Everything\", which was written and composed by Sia and Stargate."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "It Started\", which was slated to be the lead single from Pitbull's upcoming album, Global Warming."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She started dancing on the table, and the experience made her realize that she wanted to be a performer."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "She started her time there on 3 August in Chicago and finished in San Francisco on 7 September."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "Her tour dates for Latin America, started in Mexico City on 11 October and finished in Bogota, Colombia on 3 November."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2005\u20132007: Fijaci\u00f3n Oral, Volumen Uno and Oral Fixation, Volume Two", "text": "II: II: Memoirs of an Immigrant. Shakira wrote the lyrics, and jointly composed the music, for two new songs that are featured in the movie Love in the Time of Cholera, based on the acclaimed novel written by Colombian author Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "She began the first leg of her tour in Europe, starting in Hamburg, Germany on 3 June and then ending in Barcelona, Spain on 7 July."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "In 2010 Shakira collaborated with rapper Pitbull for the song \"Get"}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "In October 2010, Shakira released her ninth studio album, titled Sale el Sol."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "In September, Shakira embarked on The Sun Comes Out World Tour, in support of her two most recent albums."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She got that typewriter at the age of seven, and has continued writing poetry since then."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "These poems eventually evolved into songs."}], "text": "Shakira started composing when she was a teenager.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "An often cited example is \"Zhuguan Baba\" (\u732a\u500c\u5df4\u5df4), a young pig farmer in Northern China whose posts on how to raise pigs attracted millions of readers on Toutiao."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "The first version of Toutiao was launched in August 2012, five months after Zhang founded ByteDance."}], "id": "M3jeq1HWvyINU3ztO6bU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "ByteDance also started Gogokid in 2018, an online English learning platform for children that provides one-on-one classes with native English speakers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company was valued at $78 billion and is considered one of the most valuable unicorns in the world."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "In January 2014, the company created the \"Toutiaohao\" (\u5934\u6761\u53f7) platform to attract more PGC (professionally generated content) and UGC (user generated content) creators; and later in the year, added video capabilities."}, {"section_header": "Technology | The Underlying AI Technology", "text": "ByteDance's research arm, the AI lab, was founded in March 2016."}, {"section_header": "Products | Xigua Video", "text": "In March 2016, ByteDance launched Toutiao Video, which was later rebranded as Xigua Video (\u897f\u74dc\u89c6\u9891, also known as Watermelon Video)."}, {"section_header": "Products | Xigua Video", "text": "Xigua Video is a short form video platform that hosted a variety of video clips that were on average 2\u20135 minutes long."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "An often cited example is \"Zhuguan Baba\" (\u732a\u500c\u5df4\u5df4), a young pig farmer in Northern China whose posts on how to raise pigs attracted millions of readers on Toutiao."}, {"section_header": "Products | Xigua Video", "text": "The platform has since expanded to long form video."}, {"section_header": "Technology | The Underlying AI Technology", "text": "In 2016, ByteDance's AI Lab and Peking University co-developed Xiaomingbot (\u5f20\u5c0f\u660e), an artificial intelligence bot that writes news articles."}, {"section_header": "Lawsuits | Huxiu", "text": "In December 2018, ByteDance sued Huxiu for defamation after Huxiu reported that ByteDance's Indian-language news app Helo was propagating misinformation."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "The first version of Toutiao was launched in August 2012, five months after Zhang founded ByteDance."}], "text": "On one of ByteDance's properties, someone created videos on how to raise farm animals and became famous.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication", "text": "The title, Twice-Told Tales, was based on a line from William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John (Act 3, scene 4): \"Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale, / Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man."}], "id": "M4eCNNQGduh5YtyS9jvo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"The Grolier Club later named Twice-Told Tales the most influential book of 1837."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "The title, Twice-Told Tales, was based on a line from William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John (Act 3, scene 4): \"Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale, / Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man."}], "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection that got its name from a Shakespeare play.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}], "id": "MBQ6gUno5skZDGuFCwzn", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Still trying to get at the truth, Isaac asked him point-blank, \"Are you really my son Esau?\" and Jacob answered simply, \"I am\" (which can be taken as \"I am me\", not"}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Jacob responded, \"Because the LORD your God arranged it for me\"; Rashi (on Genesis 52:46) says Isaac's suspicions were aroused because Esau never used the personal name of God."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Rebecca overheard this conversation and realized that Isaac's blessings should go to Jacob, since she was told before the twins' birth that the older son would serve the younger."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "She therefore ordered Jacob to bring her two goats from the flock, which she cooked in the way Isaac loved, and had him bring them to his father in place of Esau."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram-Naharaim."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "Onlookers named the first \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5, Esau ('Esav or 'Esaw, meaning either \"rough\", \"sensibly felt\", \"handled\", from Hebrew: \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4\u200e, asah, \"do\" or \"make\"; or \"completely developed\", from Hebrew: \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u200e,"}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The descriptions of the two young men hint at their opposing spiritual natures: \"The lads grew up and Esau became one who knows hunting, a man of the field; but Jacob was a wholesome man, abiding in tents\"."}], "text": "Biblical Rebecca had two sons named Jacob and Esau.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Remake", "text": "A Japanese adaptation of Unforgiven, directed by Lee Sang-il and starring Ken Watanabe, was released in 2013."}], "id": "MExG8jH1kUuA8wNrQVbB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies \u2013 #98 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In its 35th weekend (April 2\u20134, 1993), capitalizing on its Oscar wins, the film returned to the Top 10 (spending another 3 weeks total), ranking at No. 8 with a gross of $2,538,358 ($2,969 average from 855 theaters), an improvement of 197 percent over the weekend before where it made $855,188 ($1,767 average from 484 theaters)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Despite his initial reservations, Ebert eventually included the film in his \"The Great Movies\" list.\"Unforgiven"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Munny recruits his friend Ned Logan, another retired outlaw, and they catch up with the Kid."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Unforgiven received widespread acclaim."}, {"section_header": "Home media", "text": "Unforgiven was released on DVD and VHS on September 24, 2002."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film closed on July 15, 1993, having spent nearly a full year in theaters (343 days / 49 weeks), having earned $101,157,447 in North America, and another $58,000,000 internationally for a total of $159,157,447 worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Home media", "text": "Unforgiven was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on May 16, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked Peoples' script for Unforgiven as the 30th greatest ever written."}, {"section_header": "Remake", "text": "A Japanese adaptation of Unforgiven, directed by Lee Sang-il and starring Ken Watanabe, was released in 2013."}], "text": "Bollywood made another depiction of the Unforgiven movie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Unforgiven"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, \"To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash.\" Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps."}, {"section_header": "Career statistics", "text": "Schmidt's 548 home runs are the most ever hit by a player who spent his entire career with just one team."}], "id": "MHDPqgtlsuKImbu4HGVh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "A day later, Schmidt hit his 48th home run of the season in the 11th inning to give the Phillies the 6\u20134 extra innings victory over the Expos, and clinch the division."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "It is believed that had the ball not hit the speaker, it would have traveled beyond 500 feet."}, {"section_header": "Career statistics", "text": "Over his career, Schmidt set a vast array of hitting and fielding records."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "His 48 home runs broke his own team record, and led the National League by a margin of 13 over his nearest competitor."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, \"To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash.\" Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps."}, {"section_header": "Career statistics", "text": "Schmidt's 548 home runs are the most ever hit by a player who spent his entire career with just one team."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor Leagues", "text": "Schmidt played the whole game at shortstop for the big-league Phillies, hitting a game-winning home run against his future Reading teammates."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "While he batted only .196 with 136 strikeouts during his first full season in 1973, Schmidt demonstrated his power potential by hitting 18 home runs."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "On June 10, in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, Schmidt hit a ball off Houston Astros' pitcher Claude Osteen that looked like a sure home run."}], "text": "Mike Schmidt was considered a great athlete and hit over 500 home runs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mike Schmidt"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Moai  (listen), or mo\ua78cai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, meaning \"statue\" in the local language), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}], "id": "MJfT7YOBwo6HRBPskNBH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Moai  (listen), or mo\ua78cai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, meaning \"statue\" in the local language), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island, mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The tourist was fined $17,000 in damages and was banned from the island for three years."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Within a year the individuals that remained on the island were sick, injured, and lacking leadership."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Since the island was largely treeless by the time the Europeans first visited, the movement of the statues was a mystery for a long time; pollen analysis has now established that the island was almost totally forested until 1200 A.D."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Through the years the power levels veered from sole chiefs to a warrior class, known as \"matatoa\"."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The moai have been mapped by a number of groups over the years, including efforts by Father Sebastian Englert and Chilean researchers."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "The Routledge expedition of 1914 established a cultural link between these designs and the island's traditional tattooing, which had been repressed by missionaries a half-century earlier."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\" Orongo, the site of the cult's festivities, was a dangerous landscape which consisted of a \"narrow ridge between a 1,000-foot (300 m) drop into the ocean on one side and a deep crater on the other\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position.\" These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moai."}], "text": "They were carved between the years of 1200 and 1245.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Current operations | Operating segments", "text": "Internet of Things Group \u2013  5% of 2016 revenues \u2013  offers platforms designed for retail, transportation, industrial, buildings and home use."}, {"section_header": "Current operations | Operating segments", "text": "Data Center Group \u2013  29% of 2016 revenues \u2013  produces hardware components used in server, network, and storage platforms."}], "id": "MKlu7YqWs1scebJnWrG2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Product and market history | Fog computing", "text": "On November 19, 2015, Intel, alongside ARM Holdings, Dell, Cisco Systems, Microsoft, and Princeton University, founded the OpenFog Consortium, to promote interests and development in fog computing."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC | Remote Keyboard Android App", "text": "This app was launched in early 2015 to help users control Intel single-board computers and Intel NUC."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Use of Intel products by Apple Computer (2005\u2013present)", "text": "The first Macintosh computers containing Intel CPUs were announced on January 10, 2006, and Apple had its entire line of consumer Macs running on Intel processors by early August 2006."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present) | Opening up the foundries to other manufacturers (2013)", "text": "This was after poor sales of Windows 8 hardware caused a major retrenchment for most of the major semiconductor manufacturers, except for Qualcomm, which continued to see healthy purchases from its largest customer, Apple."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present)", "text": "The acquisition completed in December 2015.In October 2015, Intel bought cognitive computing company Saffron Technology for an undisclosed price."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing | Intel Inside", "text": "This was because, by using cheaper processors, manufacturers could make cheaper computers and gain more market share in an increasingly price-sensitive market."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present)", "text": "In 2010, Intel purchased McAfee, a manufacturer of computer security technology, for $7.68 billion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Intel supplies microprocessors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present)", "text": "In January 2015, Intel purchased a 30% stake in Vuzix, a smart glasses manufacturer."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC | \"Intel Inside\" and other campaigns", "text": "The second campaign, Intel's Systems Group, which began in the early 1990s, showcased manufacturing of PC motherboards, the main board component of a personal computer, and the one into which the processor (CPU) and memory (RAM) chips are plugged."}, {"section_header": "Current operations | Operating segments", "text": "Internet of Things Group \u2013  5% of 2016 revenues \u2013  offers platforms designed for retail, transportation, industrial, buildings and home use."}, {"section_header": "Current operations | Operating segments", "text": "Data Center Group \u2013  29% of 2016 revenues \u2013  produces hardware components used in server, network, and storage platforms."}], "text": "Intel only manufactures computer processors for Windows computers since 2015.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Intel"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, his father joined the Union Army, and Mike likely learned to play baseball while living with his mother and younger brother James in Washington, D.C.."}], "id": "MMAwA9y6wMA4OUZZLMIz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, his father joined the Union Army, and Mike likely learned to play baseball while living with his mother and younger brother James in Washington, D.C.."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first written by a baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "\"Hi! Hi!\" Dixwell and Frank Norton, and Boston Players' League President Charles A. Prince and Secretary Julian B. Hart."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "Floyd was arguably the first player agent in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Kelly's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888, the first autobiography by a baseball player; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. \"Jack\" Drohan."}, {"section_header": "Career in Chicago", "text": "One of the best defensive catchers in baseball"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kelly was born in Troy, New York  to Michael Kelly Sr."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "Stage partner William \"Billy\" Jerome \"took off his hat to him, and introduced him as 'Mr. Kelly, the famous $10,000 peach.'"}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "\" Hoyt had been a Boston baseball writer and was a Boston Elk."}], "text": "American baseball player Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly was introduced to baseball while his dad was fighting in the Civil War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: \" And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me\", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt."}], "id": "MMFOgRz8UadYhKsql7vo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is featured in the chorus of the John Craigie song, \"Will Not Fight\" (2009)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is sung by Pops Staples in the song \"The Weight\" in The Last Waltz film by The Band (1976)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: \" And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me\", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The usual lyric is actually \"Go down Miss Moses\"."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Films", "text": "A reference is made to the song in the film"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "William Faulkner titled his novel Go Down, Moses (1942) after the song."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" has sometimes been called \"Let My People Go\" and performed by a variety of musical artists, including RebbeSoul"}, {"section_header": "Recordings", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" was recorded by the Robert Shaw Chorale on RCA Victor 33 record"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, slaves from the Georgia plantation Tara are in Atlanta, to dig breastworks for the soldiers, and they sing \"Go Down, Moses\" as they march down a street."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "The opening verse, as recorded by Lockwood, is:  Sarah Bradford's authorized biography of Harriet Tubman, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman (1869), quotes Tubman as saying she used \"Go Down Moses\" as one of two code songs fugitive slaves used to communicate when fleeing Maryland."}], "text": "Go Down Moses refers to a biblical phrase.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Go Down, Moses"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b], Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d\u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823\u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution."}], "id": "MOtL9dOqhhpbNcWFCwlE", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Titled the Xuantong Emperor (Wade-Giles: Hsuan-tung Emperor),"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b], Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d\u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823\u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "During Puyi's coronation in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on 2 December 1908, the young emperor was carried onto the Dragon Throne by his father."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "On 1 March 1934 he was crowned Emperor of Manchukuo, under the reign title Kangde (Wade\u2013Giles: Kang-te; \u5eb7\u5fb7) in Changchun."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "Young, Louise (1998). Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "\"Puyi believed Manchukuo was just the beginning, and that within a few years he would again reign as Emperor of China, having the yellow Imperial Dragon robes used for coronation of Qing emperors brought from Beijing to Changchun."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "During Puyi's reign as Emperor of Manchukuo, his household was closely watched by the Japanese, who increasingly took steps toward the full Japanisation of Manchuria, to prevent him from becoming too independent."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Captive in Manchuria (1931\u20131932)", "text": "The American historian Louise Young described Amakasu as a \"sadistic\" man who enjoyed torturing and killing people."}], "text": "Puyi reigned as the Xuantong emperor when Puyi was young.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}], "id": "MP0n9325XclDN1AkdzBh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Contributions to Marxist theory", "text": "He viewed himself as an advocate of orthodox Marxism."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | United Opposition (1926\u20131927)", "text": "Trotsky wanted the Communist Party to complete an orthodox proletarian revolution and have clear class independence from the KMT."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The foundation \"International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum\" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922\u20131923)", "text": "This upset the troika, already infuriated by Karl Radek's article, \"Leon Trotsky \u2013 Organiser of Victory\" published in Pravda on 14 March 1923."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "[O.S. 26 October] 1879 \u2013 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky (), was a Russian revolutionary, political theorist and politician."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky's house in Coyoac\u00e1n has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov."}, {"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}, {"section_header": "Contributions to Marxist theory | Permanent Revolution", "text": "Although most closely associated with Leon Trotsky, the call for Permanent Revolution is first found in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in March 1850, in the aftermath of the 1848 Revolution, in their Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League: It is our interest and our task to make the revolution permanent until all the more or less propertied classes have been driven from their ruling positions, until the proletariat has conquered state power and until the association of the proletarians has progressed sufficiently far \u2013 not only in one country but in all the leading countries of the world \u2013 that competition between the proletarians of these countries ceases and at least the decisive forces of production are concentrated in the hands of the workers. ... Their battle-cry must be: The Permanent Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence."}], "text": "Leon Trotsky was Orthodox.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Principal photography for the first season was scheduled to begin on July 26, 2010, and the primary location was the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast, Northern Ireland."}], "id": "MPmXCM4mKSo8QtKn23P3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "A second tour occurred in 2018 across cities in Europe and North America."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Broadcast", "text": "Broadcasters carrying Game of Thrones include Fox Showcase in Australia; HBO Canada, Super \u00c9cran, and Showcase in Canada; HBO Latin America in Latin America; SoHo and Prime in New Zealand, and Sky Atlantic in the United Kingdom and Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "All ten episodes were written before filming began since they were shot out of order by two units in different countries."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Awards", "text": "In 2013 the Writers Guild of America listed Game of Thrones as the 40th best written series in television history."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Merchandise and exhibition", "text": "In 2013 and 2014, a traveling exhibition of costumes, props, armor and weapons from the series visited major cities in Europe and the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Cultural influence | Sex and violence", "text": "The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan likewise noted that Game of Thrones mostly presented women naked, rather than men, and that the excess of \"random boobage\" undercut any aspirations the series might have to address the oppression of women in a feudal society."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Home media", "text": "The box set includes extra background and behind-the-scenes material but no deleted scenes, since nearly all the footage shot for the first season was used."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The fourth season returned to Dubrovnik and included new locations, including Diocletian's Palace in Split, Klis Fortress north of Split, Perun quarry east of Split, the Mosor mountain range, and Ba\u0161ka Voda further south."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming of the second season's southern scenes shifted from Malta to Croatia, where the city of Dubrovnik and nearby locations allowed exterior shots of a walled, coastal medieval city."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "The pilot episode, \"Winter Is Coming\", was shot in 2009; after its poor reception following a private viewing, HBO demanded an extensive re-shoot (about 90 percent of the episode, with cast and directorial changes)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Principal photography for the first season was scheduled to begin on July 26, 2010, and the primary location was the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast, Northern Ireland."}], "text": "It was mostly shot in South America.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Place of birth", "text": "Charlemagne's exact birthplace is unknown, although historians have suggested Aachen in modern-day Germany, and Li\u00e8ge (Herstal) in present-day Belgium as possible locations."}], "id": "MPpYLNk7jXTwwB7KXq8j", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "If born in 742, Charles was 26 years old, but he had been campaigning at his father's right hand for several years, which may help to account for his military skill."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "The middle kingdom had broken up by 890 and partly absorbed into the Western kingdom (later France) and the Eastern kingdom (Germany) and the rest developing into smaller \"buffer\" nations that exist between France and Germany to this day, namely the Benelux and Switzerland."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Date of birth", "text": "This date supports the concept that Charlemagne was technically an illegitimate child, although that is not mentioned by Einhard in either since he was born out of wedlock; Pepin and Bertrada were bound by a private contract or Friedelehe at the time of his birth, but did not marry until 744."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "Under the Carolingians, the Frankish kingdom spread to encompass an area including most of Western Europe; the east-west division of the kingdom formed the basis for modern France and Germany."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Death", "text": "His empire lasted only another generation in its entirety; its division, according to custom, between Louis's own sons after their father's death laid the foundation for the modern states of Germany and France."}, {"section_header": "Cultural uses | Modern era", "text": "In 1964, young French singer France Gall released the hit song \"Sacr\u00e9 Charlemagne\" in which the lyrics blame the great king for imposing the burden of compulsory education on French children."}, {"section_header": "Cultural uses | Middle Ages", "text": "One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centres on his deeds\u2014the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of Roland fame\u2014and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Formation of a new Aquitaine", "text": "Between Aquitaine and Hispania were the Euskaldunak, Latinised to Vascones, or Basques, living in Basque country, Vasconia, which extended, according to the distributions of place names attributable to the Basques, most densely in the western Pyrenees but also as far south as the upper Ebro River in Spain and as far north as the Garonne River in France."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "Orman portrays the Treaty of Verdun (843) between the warring grandsons of Charlemagne as the foundation event of an independent France under its first king Charles the Bald; an independent Germany under its first king Louis the German; and an independent intermediate state stretching from the Low Countries along the borderlands to south of Rome under Lothair I, who retained the title of emperor and the capitals Aachen and Rome without the jurisdiction."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Place of birth", "text": "Charlemagne's exact birthplace is unknown, although historians have suggested Aachen in modern-day Germany, and Li\u00e8ge (Herstal) in present-day Belgium as possible locations."}], "text": "Charlemagne was born in France.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Sweden subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 41.1 years."}], "id": "MTl90aqpsTt3MWlH2HYH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "The total resident population of Sweden was 10,343,403 in March 2020."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Sweden subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 41.1 years."}, {"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "One third of the population died in the triennium of 1349\u20131351."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.6 million have a foreign background."}, {"section_header": "History | Swedish Empire", "text": "Famine also hit Sweden, killing roughly 10% of Sweden's population."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration", "text": "The number of people with at least one foreign parent was 3,415,166 which counts for 33% of the population."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Public policy", "text": "During this period Sweden's economic growth was also one of the highest in the industrial world."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population, and Finnish is recognised as a minority language."}, {"section_header": "History | Swedish Empire", "text": "One-third of the Finnish population died in the devastating Great Famine of 1695\u20131697 that struck the country."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Every fourth (24,9%) resident in the country has immigrant background and every third (32,3%) has at least one parent born abroad."}], "text": "Sweden's total resident population  was 10,343,403 in March 2020, as one of the youngest populations in the world.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Robert had at least four children from a prior marriage to a woman named Sarah, who died of tuberculosis in 1859."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents were Robert and Christina Nichols."}], "id": "MU605RiqpAsvZE4u1a5n", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Augustus \"Kid\" Nichols (September 14, 1869 \u2013 April 11, 1953) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While his siblings worked in the family butcher shop, Nichols pursued baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Baseball-Reference.com calculates that Nichols led the team in wins above replacement in 1890 and 1892 through 1898.Nichols"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols also had a major league record"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols signed with the Boston Beaneaters in September 1889 and entered the major leagues in with them in 1890."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After the 1901 season, Nichols purchased an interest in a minor league franchise in Kansas City."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols retired with 362 wins, 208 losses, 1,881 strikeouts and a 2.96 ERA."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nichols played minor league baseball for three teams until 1889, when he signed with the Boston Beaneaters."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "After baseball, Nichols dabbled in the motion picture industry, partnering with Joe Tinker in a business that distributed movies to theatres in the midwest."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "The Beaneaters won several pennant races during Nichols' tenure, finishing in first place five times between 1891 and 1898."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Robert had at least four children from a prior marriage to a woman named Sarah, who died of tuberculosis in 1859."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents were Robert and Christina Nichols."}], "text": "American baseball player Charles Augustus \"Kid\" Nichols had no siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kid Nichols"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Mackey was born in Eagle Pass, Texas, to a sharecropping family that included two brothers."}], "id": "MUKQzCuIXdn4AhX29sYD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Mackey was born in Eagle Pass, Texas, to a sharecropping family that included two brothers."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "When Doby joined the Cleveland Indians of the American League in 1947, it was Mackey who recommended moving him from second base to center field."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Even in his 40s, Mackey was still an effective player \u2013 he batted .307 in 1945, and appeared in the 1947 All-Star Game at age 50."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "joined the Newark Eagles in 1939, replacing Dick Lundy as manager a year later, and continued his work with young players such as Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Don Newcombe."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "His barnstorming tours included a highly successful trip to Japan in 1927, during which he became the first player to hit a home run out of Meiji Shrine Stadium, doing so in three straight games."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1934, he batted only .299, as the Philadelphia Stars' won the NNL second-half pennant, but had a good postseason, batting .368 and driving in the first run of a 2\u20130 victory in Game 7 to defeat the Chicago American Giants 4 games to 3."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "When I was a kid in Philadelphia, I saw both Mackey and Mickey Cochrane in their primes, but for real catching skills, I don't think Cochrane was the master of defense that Mackey was."}], "text": "American baseball player James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey is from Texas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball | Negro leagues", "text": "Mays' professional baseball career began in 1948, while he was still in high school; he played briefly with the Chattanooga Choo-Choos in Tennessee during the summer."}], "id": "MYWQzdWRn0jShFgVIdin", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed \"The Say Hey Kid\", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "When a ball was hit, he would count to five before he even started running after it, enabling him to judge how the wind would affect it."}, {"section_header": "Television appearances", "text": "Through a friendship with Tony Owen and Donna Reed, he was able to appear in three episodes of The Donna Reed Show: \"My Son the Catcher\" and \"Play Ball\" (both in 1964, both of which also featured Don Drysdale) and \"Calling Willie Mays\" (1966)."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1954-57", "text": "the 1954 offseason , Mays played winter ball for the Cangrejeros de Santurce in Puerto Rico."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"My style was always to go all out, whether I played four innings or nine."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "Mays took part in another long game May 31, 1964, when, after playing all nine innings of Game 1 of a doubleheader against the New York Mets, he played all 23 innings of the Giants' 8-6 victory in Game 2."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "Mays went 4-for-5 at the plate (the only out coming on a fly ball against Moe Drabowsky in the fifth inning), and he was on deck for a chance to hit a record fifth home run when the Giants' half of the ninth inning ended."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cat exposed Willie to baseball at an early age, playing catch with his son by the time Willie was five."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "Mays had his first serious injury in 1959, a collision with Sammy White in spring training that resulted in 35 stitches in his leg and two weeks of exhibition ball missed; however, he was ready for the start of the season."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "With two outs in the bottom of the inning, Lee Walls hit a fly ball to center field, which Mays caught for the final out as the Giants advanced to the World Series against the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Negro leagues", "text": "Mays' professional baseball career began in 1948, while he was still in high school; he played briefly with the Chattanooga Choo-Choos in Tennessee during the summer."}], "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. started playing pro ball in the fall of 48.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Willie Mays"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was born in 1467 or 1468\u2014the former year being the most likely\u2014at Belmonte, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from present-day Covilh\u00e3 in central Portugal."}], "id": "Md6UCWHiBfTihVRC7n7b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Forerunners", "text": "Christopher Columbus, on his third voyage to the New World in 1498, traveled along part of what would later become Venezuela."}, {"section_header": "Discovery of Brazil | Departure and arrival in a new land", "text": "The tribe which Cabral met was the Tupiniquim."}, {"section_header": "Later years and death", "text": "At some point, Cabral left the court permanently."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous rehabilitation", "text": "Cabral has since become a national hero in Brazil."}, {"section_header": "Discovery of Brazil | Fleet commander-in-chief", "text": "That, along with the \"standing of the Cabral family, their unquestioned loyalty to the Crown, the personal appearance of Cabral, and the ability which he had shown at court and in the council were important factors\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "There is no contemporary image or detailed physical description of Cabral."}, {"section_header": "Later years and death", "text": "Cabral was selected to command this \"Revenge Fleet\", as it was called."}, {"section_header": "Later years and death", "text": "Cabral died of unspecified causes, most probably in 1520."}, {"section_header": "Later years and death", "text": "The couple had at least four children: two boys (Fern\u00e3o \u00c1lvares Cabral and Ant\u00f3nio Cabral) and two girls (Catarina de Castro and Guiomar de Castro)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The Cabral family rose to prominence during the 14th century."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was born in 1467 or 1468\u2014the former year being the most likely\u2014at Belmonte, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from present-day Covilh\u00e3 in central Portugal."}], "text": "Cabral entered the world after 1477.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pedro Alvares Cabral"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}], "id": "MgtkPVCV0W1uBiWv40Bb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Dunsey immediately disappears, but the community makes little of this disappearance since he has vanished several times before."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Kate E Brown has discussed overarching themes of time and temporality, with respect to the interlocked stories of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Ben Kingsley played Silas Marner in a 1985 BBC adaptation (broadcast in the US in 1987 by Masterpiece Theatre), with Patsy Kensit as the grown-up Eppie."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 1954 Indian film Bangaru Papa, in Telugu, starring S. V. Ranga Rao and Krishna Kumari, is also based on Palagummi Padmaraju's loose adaptation of Silas Marner."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Edison Company, USA; 24 October 1913) with William Langdon West in the title role. Silas Marner ("}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The composer John Joubert wrote an opera Silas Marner based on the novel in 1961."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The actor Michael Williams played Marner in a Focus on the Family Radio Theatre two-part adaptation for radio; this was to be the last acting role before his death."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Le No\u00ebl de Silas Marner (Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, France; November 1912) (UK; 27 November 1912; as Silas Marner's Christmas)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Associated Exhibitors, USA; May 1922) (UK; 25 January 1926) with Crauford Kent in the title role."}], "text": "Silas Marner was adapted several times.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Silas Marner"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}], "id": "MhdwHES59cFu10Sd7of0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In his book Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong, Marc D. Hauser says the following about Golding's Lord of the Flies: \"This riveting fiction, standard reading in most intro courses to English literature, should be standard reading in biology, economics, psychology, and philosophy."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Stage", "text": "Nigel Williams adapted the text for the stage."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "There have been three film adaptations based on the book:  Lord of the Flies (1963), directed by Peter Brook Alkitrang Dugo (1975), a Filipino film, directed by Lupita A. Concio Lord of the Flies (1990), directed by Harry HookA fourth adaptation, to feature an all-female cast, was announced by Warner Bros. in August 2017, but was subsequently abandoned."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the \"Lord of the Flies\"."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies was writer, William Golding's last book.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions."}], "id": "Mm6JG34nZLGJGBvueZWR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A television adaptation on videotape of The Bells of St. Mary's was shown in 1959, starring Claudette Colbert, Marc Connelly, Glenda Farrell, Nancy Marchand, Barbara Myers, Robert Preston, and Charles Ruggles."}], "text": "The production of the movie, The Bells of St. Mary's was done by Unicorn Label.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "If that theory is correct it would take 50\u2013150 people to move the mo\u02bbai."}], "id": "Mo4cyVqeQ9btAVTfcp4Z", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Symbolism", "text": "There is a legend that says there were seven men who waited for their king to arrive."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the mo\u02bbai", "text": "The society was vulnerable and their conversion to Christianity did not take long."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "He then found that placing the statue upright on two sled runners atop log rollers, 25 men were able to move the statue 150 feet (46 m) in two minutes."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling mo\u02bbai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "If that theory is correct it would take 50\u2013150 people to move the mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "As the statue tilts forward, it rocks sideways along its curved front edge and takes a \"step.\" Large flakes are seen broken off of the sides of the bases."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Some were incomplete because, when inclusions were encountered, the carvers would abandon a partial statue and start a new one."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "In 2008, a Finnish tourist chipped a piece off the ear of one mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\"One of the most fascinating sights at Orongo are the hundreds of petroglyphs carved with birdman and Makemake images."}], "text": "It would take about 40 men to reposition one of the Moai statues.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The book, originally entitled Strangers from Within, was initially rejected by an in-house reader, Miss Perkins, at London based publishers Faber and Faber as \"Rubbish & dull."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Pointless\". The title was considered \"too abstract and too explicit\"."}], "id": "MqYpvv9fNI2aEejBZ24b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In his book Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong, Marc D. Hauser says the following about Golding's Lord of the Flies: \"This riveting fiction, standard reading in most intro courses to English literature, should be standard reading in biology, economics, psychology, and philosophy."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Parallels have been drawn between the \"Lord of the Flies\" and an actual incident from 1965 when a group of schoolboys who sailed a fishing boat from Tonga were hit by a storm and marooned on the uninhabited island of \u02bbAta, considered dead by their relatives in Nuku\u2018alofa."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One day while he is there, Jack and his followers erect an offering to the beast nearby: a pig's head, mounted on a sharpened stick and soon swarming with scavenging flies."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Both Ralph and Piggy participate in the melee, and they become deeply disturbed by their actions after returning from Castle Rock."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"Its stances on the already controversial subjects of human nature and individual welfare versus the common good earned it position 68 on the American Library Association's list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 1900\u20131999."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The book, originally entitled Strangers from Within, was initially rejected by an in-house reader, Miss Perkins, at London based publishers Faber and Faber as \"Rubbish & dull."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "It had been rejected by many publishers before Charles Monteith at London based publisher Faber & Faber picked up the manuscript."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Pointless\". The title was considered \"too abstract and too explicit\"."}], "text": "The book Lord of the Flies, was fast-tracked to publishing as soon as it hit  test-readers, who loved it for the deeply reflective nature of the story.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."}], "id": "MuTcZLXrLR2Suubriw5t", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Loss and recovery of Aquitaine", "text": "Out of reach of Pepin, he repudiated all loyalty to Francia."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in)."}, {"section_header": "Administration | Education reforms", "text": "In 800, Charlemagne enlarged the hostel at the Muristan in Jerusalem and added a library to it."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Acquisition of Aquitaine by the Carolingians", "text": "According to Ibn al-Q\u016b\u1e6diyya Wittiza, the last Visigothic king of a united Hispania died before his three sons, Almund, Romulo, and Ardabast reached maturity."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation", "text": "Charlemagne, advised by scholar Alcuin, travelled to Rome, in November 800 and held a synod."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "Einhard states: He was heavily built, sturdy, and of considerable stature, although not exceptionally so, since his height was seven times the length of his own foot."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "An estimate of his height from an X-ray and CT scan of his tibia performed in 2010 is 1.84 metres (6 ft 0 in)."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Avar campaigns", "text": "Abraham kept his people in line, but in 800, the Bulgarians under Khan Krum attacked the remains of the Avar state."}, {"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Wars with the Moors", "text": "However, Louis of Aquitaine marched the entire army of his kingdom over the Pyrenees and besieged it for two years, wintering there from 800 to 801, when it capitulated."}], "text": "Charlemagne reached his height of power in 800.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "Benioff read a few hundred pages of the first novel, A Game of Thrones, shared his enthusiasm with D. B. Weiss, and suggested that they adapt Martin's novels into a television series; Weiss finished the first novel in \"maybe 36 hours\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is A Game of Thrones (1996)."}], "id": "Mx6inbw5aHDMmrvhkI3X", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Inspirations and derivations", "text": "According to David Benioff, the TV adaptation is \"about adapting the series as a whole and following the map George laid out for us and hitting the major milestones, but not necessarily each of the stops along the way\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is A Game of Thrones (1996)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "Fuck that. \" Martin was pleased with the suggestion that they adapt it as an HBO series, saying that he \"never imagined it anywhere else\"."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series", "text": "In May 2017, after years of speculation about possible successor series, HBO commissioned Max Borenstein, Jane Goldman, Brian Helgeland, Carly Wray, and Bryan Cogman to develop five individual Game of Thrones successor series; the writers were to be working individually with George R. R. Martin, who also co-wrote two of the scripts."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "Martin suggested The Long Night as a title for the series."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "In January 2006, David Benioff had a telephone conversation with George R. R. Martin's literary agent about the books he represented."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "Benioff read a few hundred pages of the first novel, A Game of Thrones, shared his enthusiasm with D. B. Weiss, and suggested that they adapt Martin's novels into a television series; Weiss finished the first novel in \"maybe 36 hours\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "According to Benioff, they won Martin over with their answer to his question, \"Who is Jon Snow's mother?\" Before being approached by Benioff and Weiss, Martin had had meetings with other scriptwriters, most of whom wanted to adapt the series as a feature film."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin"}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": ", which he had not read. The literary agent sent Benioff the series' first four books."}], "text": "The T.V. series is an adaptation of a finished series of books by George Martin.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}], "id": "MxtMwXIaWZumnv6apUgn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque is located in close proximity to historical sites significant in Judaism and Christianity, most notably the site of the Second Temple, the holiest site in Judaism."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "In addition, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation refers to the al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam (and calls for Arab sovereignty over it)."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "Later medieval scripts, as well as modern-day political tracts, tend to classify al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "At the time of the Second Temple, the present site of the mosque was occupied by the Royal Stoa, a basilica running the southern wall of the enclosure."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "Jerusalem is recognized as a sacred site in Islam."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam", "text": "The mosque is believed to be the second house of prayer constructed after the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam", "text": "Post-Rashidun-era Islamic scholars traditionally identified the mosque as the site referred to in the sura (Quranic chapter) al-Isra (\"the Night Journey\")."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Administration", "text": "The Islamic Movement in Israel and the waqf have attempted to increase Muslim control of the Temple Mount as a way of countering Israeli policies and the escalating presence of Israeli security forces around the site since the Second Intifada."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | First qibla", "text": "Thus, according to this tradition, Umar thereby reconsecrated the site as a mosque."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque is the second holiest site in Islam.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}], "id": "MzuhAiRmqDzDTy1IYw9f", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "His jersey number 1 was retired by the Red Sox on May 21, 1988."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | All-Star seasons and the World Series", "text": "In 1941, Doerr was an All-Star, the first of nine times he was selected for the AL All-Star team."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | All-Star seasons and the World Series", "text": "Doerr missed the 1945 season while serving in the Army during World War II, being stationed at Camp Roberts, California."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A nine-time MLB All-Star, Doerr batted over .300 three times, drove in more than 100 runs six times, and set Red Sox team records in several statistical categories despite missing one season due to military service during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "He was also the last living person who played in the major leagues during the 1930s, and the last living person who played against Lou Gehrig."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "In 1939, Doerr began a string of 12 consecutive seasons with 10 or more home runs and 73 or more runs batted in (RBIs); in 1940 the Red Sox became the 12th team in major league history to have four players with 100 RBIs, with Foxx, Williams, Cronin and Doerr each collecting at least 105."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "He became a scout for the Red Sox from 1957 to 1966, also serving as a minor league hitting instructor for the team for the last six seasons of that span."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "Doerr was the last surviving member of the 1946 Boston Red Sox team that won the AL pennant and lost the World Series in seven games to the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Career totals", "text": "Doerr held the major league record for career"}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Career totals", "text": "Regarded as one of the top defensive second basemen of his era, Doerr led AL second basemen in double plays five times, tying a league record, in putouts and fielding percentage four times each, and in assists three times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}], "text": "Doerr only played with 1 team during his MLB career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}], "id": "N4PdrJ7GLvusV3feRfub", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "About 12,000 of Instacart's 142,000 workers are employees with the option of unionizing."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In September 2018, Instacart added service from Walmart Canada stores, Staples Canada and M&M Food Market."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In May 2020, Instacart began a partnership with Rite Aid, offering its service across 2,400 locations in 18 states."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Apoorva was born in India and moved with his family to Canada in 2000."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market."}], "text": "Instacart's main office is located in Canada.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Death", "text": "Prokofiev died at the age of 61 on 5 March 1953, the same day as Joseph Stalin."}], "id": "N56ntFl3p8QIC0kAhoJZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | War years", "text": "By now, his relationship with the 25-year-old writer and librettist Mira Mendelssohn (1915\u20131968) had finally led to his separation from his wife Lina, although they never divorced; indeed, Prokofiev had tried to persuade Lina and their sons to accompany him as evacuees out of Moscow, but Lina opted to stay."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death", "text": "Although they had not seemed to get along when they met, in the later years their interactions had become far more amicable, with Shostakovich writing to Prokofiev that \"I wish you at least another hundred years to live and create."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Formal education and controversial early works", "text": "The first series of lessons culminated, at the 11-year-old Prokofiev's insistence, with the budding composer making his first attempt to write a symphony."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Postwar", "text": "In spring 1949, he wrote his Cello Sonata in C, Op. 119, for the 22-year-old Mstislav Rostropovich, who gave the first performance in 1950, with Sviatoslav Richter."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and first compositions", "text": "His father, Sergei Alexeyevich Prokofiev, was an agronomist."}, {"section_header": "Biography | War years", "text": "Prokofiev took two years to compose his original version of War and Peace."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432, tr."}, {"section_header": "Biography | First visits to the Soviet Union", "text": "If it is a Soviet factory, when and where did Prokofiev examine it, since from 1918 to the present he has been living abroad and came here for the first time in 1927 for two weeks [sic]?"}, {"section_header": "Biography | War years", "text": "During the war years, restrictions on style and the demand that composers write in a 'socialist realist' style were slackened, and Prokofiev was generally able to compose in his own way."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death", "text": "Listening to such works as your Seventh Symphony makes it much easier and more joyful to live."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death", "text": "Prokofiev died at the age of 61 on 5 March 1953, the same day as Joseph Stalin."}], "text": "Sergei Prokofiev lived to be 65 years old.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sergey Prokofiev"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Kilgore's quote, \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\", written by Milius, was number 12 on the AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes list and was also voted the greatest movie speech of all time in a 2004 poll."}], "id": "N6Y6IdtIdmZwDsbM8KWP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "He says the line \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\" just came to him."}, {"section_header": "Awards and honors", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning.\" \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Kilgore's quote, \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\", written by Milius, was number 12 on the AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes list and was also voted the greatest movie speech of all time in a 2004 poll."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Martin Sheen as Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a veteran U.S. Army special operations officer who has been serving in Vietnam for three years."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Part Deux, includes a brief scene in which Charlie is riding a boat up a river in Iraq while on a rescue mission and passes Martin, as Captain Willard, going the other way."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Willard learns via the dispatch that another MACV-SOG operative, Special Forces Captain Richard Colby, was sent on an earlier mission identical to Willard's and has since joined Kurtz."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "\"I loved you in Wall Street!\", referring to the 1987 film that had featured both of them."}, {"section_header": "Adaptation | Use of T.S. Eliot's poetry", "text": "When Willard is first introduced to Dennis Hopper's character, the photojournalist describes his own worth in relation to that of Kurtz with: \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas\", from \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The squadron raids at dawn, with Kilgore ordering a napalm strike on the Viet Cong."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On May 14, Rona Barrett previewed the film on television on Good Morning America and called it \"a disappointing failure\"."}], "text": "Captain Willard loves the smell of napalm in the morning.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Ben-Hur was nominated for 12 Academy Awards and won an unprecedented 11."}], "id": "N7doDIOQ2sETrgbcJF41", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Heston was nominated for a Golden Globe in the Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama category, but did not win."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It won a record eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Wyler), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heston), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Griffith), and Best Cinematography \u2013 Color (Surtees); it also won Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for Stephen Boyd."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Ben-Hur also won three Golden Globe Awards \u2013 Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for Stephen Boyd \u2013 and received a Special Achievement Award (which went to Andrew Marton for directing the chariot race sequence)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Musical score", "text": "R\u00f3zsa won his third Academy Award for his score."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "The Ten Commandments, studio head Joseph Vogel announced in 1957 that MGM would again move forward on a remake of Ben-Hur."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Ben-Hur was nominated for 12 Academy Awards and won an unprecedented 11."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "The picture also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film, and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Motion Picture for William Wyler's masterful direction."}], "text": "Ben-Hur won ten Golden Globes.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In early 1943, British POWs arrive by train at a Japanese prison camp in Burma."}], "id": "NA72GfqNH15NcCVfbKFH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The producers nearly suffered a catastrophe following the filming of the bridge explosion."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "After Guinness was done with the scene, Lean said, \"Now you can all fuck off and go home, you English actors."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "\" This is followed by a brief clip of Alec Guinness from the film."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The conditions to which POW and civilian labourers were subjected were far worse than the film depicted."}, {"section_header": "Production | Screenplay", "text": "The official credit was given to Pierre Boulle (who did not speak English), and the resulting Oscar for Best Screenplay (Adaptation) was awarded to him."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "\"A 1969 BBC-TV documentary, Return to the River Kwai, made by former POW John Coast, sought to highlight the real history behind the film (partly through getting ex-POWs to question its factual basis, for example"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In early 1943, British POWs arrive by train at a Japanese prison camp in Burma."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "According to Variety, the film earned estimated domestic box office revenues of $18,000,000 although this was revised downwards the following year to $15,000,000, which was still the biggest for 1958 and Columbia's highest-grossing film at the time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Screenplay", "text": "Shears, who is a British commando officer like Warden in the novel, became an American sailor who escapes from the POW camp."}], "text": "This film follows the experiences of English POWs.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She has eight older half-siblings from her father's previous marriage."}], "id": "NAsYtKRytqzYbHvBXWf7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (; Spanish: [\u0283a\u02c8ki\u027ea]; born 2 February 1977) is a Colombian singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress,  and philanthropist."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "On 28 October 2016, Shakira released the single \"Chantaje\" with Colombian singer Maluma; though the song was a track from the upcoming eleventh studio album, it was not intended to be the lead single."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "In addition, a journalist from the Brazilian edition of the Portuguese newspaper Destak announced, on his Twitter account, that the Colombian singer would visit Brazil the following March."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "In May 2016, she collaborated with Colombian singer Carlos Vives on the track \"La Bicicleta\", which went to win the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In November 2010, after performing as the opening act of the MTV European Music Awards, the Colombian singer also received the MTV Free Your Mind award for her continuing dedication to improve access to education for all children around the world."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When Shakira was two years old, an older half-brother was killed in a motorcycle accident; six years later, at the age of eight, Shakira wrote her first song, titled \"Tus gafas oscuras/"}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "The singer credited this to her mixed ethnicity, saying: \"I am a fusion."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "In the same year, Shakira starred in the Colombian TV series The Oasis, loosely based on the Armero tragedy in 1985."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2005\u20132007: Fijaci\u00f3n Oral, Volumen Uno and Oral Fixation, Volume Two", "text": "Shakira was also featured on Annie Lennox's song \"Sing\", from the album Songs of Mass Destruction, which also features other 23 other female singers."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In 1997, Shakira founded the Pies Descalzos Foundation, a Colombian charity with special schools for poor children all around Colombia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She has eight older half-siblings from her father's previous marriage."}], "text": "The Colombian singer Shakira has eighteen brothers and sisters.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled \"Eck: A Story of Saving\", premiered on December 13, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism."}], "id": "NENDeOrXtPP6Zgv9Tcfa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed \"Eck\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled \"Eck: A Story of Saving\", premiered on December 13, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Eckersley married his first wife Denise in 1973 and they had a daughter, Mandee Eckersley."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to Red Sox (1998)", "text": "Eckersley announced his retirement in December 1998."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "Indeed, Eckersley started two games with the A's before an injury to"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Two years later, Eckersley married model Nancy O'Neil."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eckersley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Boston Red Sox (1978-1984)", "text": "However, during the remainder of his tenure with Boston, from 1980 to 1984, Eckersley pitched poorly."}], "text": "Dennis Eckersley is a recovering alcoholic.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dennis Eckersley"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Structure", "text": "There is widespread consensus that, although the book has no plot, it does have what can be called a framework, as indicated by the links between its beginning and end."}], "id": "NEh4tND44Any9YPAraso", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "The literal subject of the Song of Songs is love and sexual longing between a man and a woman, and it has little (or nothing) to say about the relationship of God and man; in order to find such a meaning it was necessary to resort to allegory, treating the love that the Song celebrates as an analogy for the love between God and Church."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "but God's love for Israel. For instance, the famed first and second century Rabbi Akiva forbade the use of the Song of Songs in popular celebrations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "The superscription states that it is \"Solomon's\", but even if this is meant to identify the author, it cannot be read as strictly as a similar modern statement."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "There is widespread consensus that, although the book has no plot, it does have what can be called a framework, as indicated by the links between its beginning and end."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated presents a series of paintings that visualize the book."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The chorus of Stephen Duffy's 1985 song \"Kiss Me\" was based on the comparison of wine to love in Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In Carl Theodor Dreyer's Day of Wrath, a film about sexual repression in a puritanical Protestant family, the first few verses of Song of Songs chapter 2 are read aloud by the daughter Anne, but soon after her father forbids her to continue."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "It was accepted as canonical because of its supposed authorship by Solomon and based on an allegorical reading where the subject-matter was taken to be not sexual desire"}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "The Christian church's interpretation of the Song as evidence of God's love for his people, both collectively and individually, began with Origen."}], "text": "The Song of Solomon's main storyline or plot celebrates sexual love.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}], "id": "NIgfUSs70tPjAAxrHnsK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After borrowing money from Hannah, she starts a catering business with April, a friend and fellow actress."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hannah serves as the stalwart hub of the narrative; most of the events of the film connect to her."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A former cocaine addict, she is an unsuccessful actress who cannot settle on a career."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "In both films, a large theatrical family gather for three successive years' celebrations (Thanksgiving in Allen's film, Christmas in Bergman's)."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film grossed  $40 million in North America and won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | Education", "text": "Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in Westcliff-on-Sea, where she had the lead role in a school production of Hansel and Gretel, and St Bernard's High School for Girls in Southend-on-Sea, where she also acted in school productions."}], "id": "NJX8UL3YzNUG5bdNfanm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple had met on the set of White Nights (1985)."}, {"section_header": "Film | 2000\u20132009", "text": "Mirren's first film of the 2000s was Joel Hershman's Greenfingers (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of HMP Leyhill, a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards."}, {"section_header": "Film | 2000\u20132009", "text": "It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second Academy Award nomination and first Screen Actors Guild Award win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Becoming Helen Mirren. Troubador Press."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages)."}, {"section_header": "Film | 2010\u20132014", "text": "The HBO film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two murder trials for the 2003 death of Lana Clarkson in his California mansion."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "Other more recent appearances include The Clearing, Pride, Raising Helen, and Shadowboxer."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab driving in order to support the family."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!\" Mirren, Helen (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Reviewing for The Stage, John Thaxter wrote: \"Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Education", "text": "Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in Westcliff-on-Sea, where she had the lead role in a school production of Hansel and Gretel, and St Bernard's High School for Girls in Southend-on-Sea, where she also acted in school productions."}], "text": "Helen Mirren's first play was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs when she was a kid.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Support", "text": "Historically, the club had a significant Jewish following from the Jewish communities in east and north London, with around a third of its supporters estimated to be Jewish in the 1930s."}], "id": "NQF7JC3onA7zcXiwCnv2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Support", "text": "Tottenham has a large fanbase in the United Kingdom, drawn largely from North London and the Home counties."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019\u201320 season."}, {"section_header": "Support", "text": "Historically, the club had a significant Jewish following from the Jewish communities in east and north London, with around a third of its supporters estimated to be Jewish in the 1930s."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "May 2019 Tottenham Hotspur Ladies won promotion to the FA Women's Super League with a 1\u20131 draw at Aston Villa, which confirmed they would finish second in the Championship."}, {"section_header": "Ownership", "text": "Following an announcement at the 2011 AGM, in January 2012 Tottenham Hotspur confirmed that the club had delisted its shares from the stock market, taking it into the private ownership of ENIC."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The club submitted a planning application in October 2009 but, following critical reactions to the plan, it was withdrawn in favour of a substantially revised planning application for the stadium and other associated developments."}, {"section_header": "Ownership", "text": "Fans and institutions alike can now freely buy and trade shares in the company; a court ruling in 1935 involving the club (Berry and Stewart v Tottenham Hotspur FC Ltd) had  previously established a precedent in company law that the directors of a company can refuse the transfer of shares from a shareholder to another person."}], "text": "Originally, Tottenham Hotspur FC had a large Christian following from Christian communities.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University."}], "id": "NRWVpTj3X0NN9y0RuCqE", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "The Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire is an award dedicated to major writers of contemporary Cameroonian literature who have died."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "John Williams' piece \"Hello Francis\" is written as a tribute to Bebey: \" The piece is based on the Makossa, a popular dance rhythm from Cameroon often used by Francis, and includes a quote from his piece"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "In the early 1960s, Bebey moved to France and started work in the arts, establishing himself as a musician, sculptor, and writer."}, {"section_header": "Discography | Compilations", "text": "With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Fire's song, \"Everything Now,\" features a flute part from \"The Coffee Cola Song\" by Francis Bebey."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Francis Bebey was awarded the Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire of the GPLA 2013 for his literary legacy."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University."}], "text": "Francis Bebey was a Cameroonian writer and composer that majored math in the U.S. at college.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francis Bebey"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "At the West End's Royal Court Theatre in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in Teeth"}], "id": "NRWsgqnkArxCQ6dAktH6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in The Seagull and Ella in Ben Travers's new farce"}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "At the West End's Royal Court Theatre in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in Teeth"}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "On 15 February 2013, at the West End's Gielgud Theatre she began a turn as Elizabeth II in the World Premiere of Peter Morgan's The Audience."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | Early years", "text": "Sally Beauman reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren\u2014while appearing in Nunn's Macbeth (1974), and in a letter to The Guardian newspaper\u2014had sharply criticised both the National Theatre and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it \"unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre,\" and adding, \"The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities... \" This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | Broadway debut", "text": "A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an Yvonne Arnaud Theatre production bound for the West End, when Bill Bryden cast her as Natalya Petrovna in Ivan Turgenev's A Month in the Country."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Becoming Helen Mirren. Troubador Press."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at Wyndham's Theatre in May 1976."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "Reviewing her portrayal for The Sunday Telegraph, Francis King wrote: \"Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story.\" In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in The Roaring Girl\u2014at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in January 1983, and at the Barbican Theatre in April 1983\u2014she was described as having \"swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even Thomas Middleton and Thomas Dekker omitted.\" \u2013 Michael Coveney, Financial Times, April 1983.After a relatively barren sojourn in the Hollywood Hills"}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "The Bed Before Yesterday (\"Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the Harlowesque good-time girl\": Michael Billington, The Guardian)."}, {"section_header": "Theatre | West End and RSC", "text": "That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi, a production of Manchester's Royal Exchange Theatre which was later transferred to The Roundhouse in Chalk Farm, London."}], "text": "Helen Mirren got her start in acting at the West End Theatre.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Roth also directed the film-within-the-film, Nation's Pride, which used 300 extras."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Eli Roth was cast in the role instead."}], "id": "NUGJ4v2WC0Eqlbj6NZJu", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Director Enzo G. Castellari also makes a cameo appearance in the film at the movie premiere."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Despite this, Anne Thompson of Variety praised the film, but opined that it was not a masterpiece, claiming, \"Inglourious Basterds is great fun to watch, but the movie isn't entirely engaging ... You don't jump into the world of the film in a participatory way; you watch it from a distance, appreciating the references and the masterful mise en sc\u00e8ne."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Inglourious Basterds opened internationally at number one in 22 markets on 2,650 screens, making $27.49 million."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "The role ultimately went to Austrian Christoph Waltz who, according to Tarantino, \"gave me my movie\" as he feared the part was \"unplayable\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Bo Svenson, who starred in Castellari's The Inglorious Bastards, also has a small cameo in the film as a U.S. colonel in the Nation's Pride movie."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The film was nominated for six BAFTA Awards, including Best Director for Tarantino, winning only one award\u2014Best Supporting Actor for Waltz."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Roth also directed the film-within-the-film, Nation's Pride, which used 300 extras."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Eli Roth was cast in the role instead."}], "text": "One of the actors in Inglourious Basterds was the writer of the movie within the movie.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | World War II", "text": "At the time Hitler did not want to risk damaging his relations with the new Vichy French government. (An oft-cited remark attributed to Hitler is that the German leader said that he would rather have some of his own teeth extracted than to have to personally deal further with Franco.) Franco had received important support from Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini during the Spanish Civil War, and he had signed the Anti-Comintern Pact."}], "id": "NUrSkJmxu9x8dNblBFAa", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Franco: A Personal and Political Biography (4th ed.)."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | Military command", "text": "Franco personally guided military operations from this time until the end of the war."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "This made Franco the only person interred in the Valley who did not die during the civil war."}, {"section_header": "Exhumation", "text": "Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te\u00f3dulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Te\u00f3dulo for the saint day of his birth."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In post-war Spain, Franco ruled with more power than any Spanish leader before or since and developed a cult of personality around his rule by founding the Movimiento Nacional."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While Franco did not suffer any great abuse at his father's hand, he would never overcome his antipathy for his father and largely ignored him for the rest of his life; years after becoming dictator, Franco wrote a brief novel Raza under the pseudonym Jaime de Andrade, whose protagonist is believed by Stanley Payne to represent the idealised man Franco wished his father had been."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | World War II", "text": "At the time Hitler did not want to risk damaging his relations with the new Vichy French government. (An oft-cited remark attributed to Hitler is that the German leader said that he would rather have some of his own teeth extracted than to have to personally deal further with Franco.) Franco had received important support from Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini during the Spanish Civil War, and he had signed the Anti-Comintern Pact."}], "text": "Francisco Franco was a personal friend of the infamous man with the tiny mustache in the 1940's.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francisco Franco"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}], "id": "NaWCQGIsBQGSugQo7Que", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The second agon in The Clouds is between Strepsiades and his son (1345\u20131451) and it is in iambic tetrameter for both speakers."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "References in the same parabasis to a play by Eupolis called Maricas produced in 421 BCE and criticism of the populist politician Hyperbolus who was ostracized in 416 indicate that the second version of The Clouds was probably composed somewhere between 421\u201316 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Clouds arrive singing majestically of the regions whence"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The Clouds advise Strepsiades to find someone younger to do the learning for him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Socrates leads him into the dingy Thinkery for his first lesson and The Clouds step forward to address the audience."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "Socrates is presented in The Clouds as a petty thief, a fraud and a sophist with a specious interest in physical speculations."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Putting aside their cloud-like costumes, The Chorus declares that this is the author's cleverest play and that it cost him the greatest effort."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "In fact one of the plays that defeated The Clouds in 423 was called Connus, written by Ameipsias, and it too lampooned Socrates."}], "text": "The Clouds is a French ballad.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}], "id": "NbTTcvPlo96ByzjystNz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "I just had to meet a ball with a good swing again, and then run."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler was part of a scouting corps that Rickey assigned to look for black players, though the scouts thought they were looking for players to fill an all-black baseball team separate from MLB."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, \"I felt awful and terrific at the same time.\" A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler's sons Dick and Dave were also major league players in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler's daughter Frances (Sisler) Drochelman and other members of his family were in attendance when the record was broken."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "While in St. Louis for the 2009 All-Star game, Ichiro Suzuki visited Sisler's grave site."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An attack of sinusitis in 1923 caused Sisler's play to decline, but he continued to play in the majors until 1930."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Sisler's 1922 season is considered by many historians to be among the best individual all-around single-season performances in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Sisler's teammates Urban Shocker and Ken Williams were assigned Class 1 in the draft, placing them at the top of the draft eligibility list."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Jim Barrero of the Los Angeles Times asserts that Sisler's record was largely overshadowed by Ruth's 54 home runs that season."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}], "text": "Sisler's sobriquet referred to his good looks.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi: My father had two wives, and they bore him four sons and seven daughters."}], "id": "NfgubU8ZaFuyD9E9Bur5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "In detail In 1921, it was decided by the Dowager Consorts (the four widows of the emperors before Puyi) that it was time for the 15-year-old Puyi to be married, although court politics dragged the complete process (from selecting the bride, up through the wedding ceremony) out for almost two years."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1922. Although she was Puyi's first choice, the Four Dowager Consorts felt that Wenxiu came from an unacceptable impoverished family and was not beautiful enough to be Empress, so they told the court officials to ask Puyi to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Television", "text": "no \u014chi \u2013 Saigo no K\u014dtei (\u6d41\u8ee2\u306e\u738b\u5983\u00b7\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u7687\u5f1f; Chinese title \u6d41\u8f49\u7684\u738b\u5983), a 2003 Japanese television series about Pujie and Hiro Saga."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He was given four photographs to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi: My father had two wives, and they bore him four sons and seven daughters."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi (referring only to his first four wives): ... they were not real wives and were only there for show."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1922 and became his Empress."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Major Liu Zhendong in 1947."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She later married a technician, and had two sons."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "After Puyi married, he would occasionally bring her to the Forbidden City, and later Manchukuo, to visit him."}], "text": "Puyi's dad was married four times.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Battle of Dorylaeum", "text": "Then, in March 1098, Baldwin became the new ruler, thus creating the County of Edessa, the first of the crusader states."}], "id": "NjMIENjBUVutcP0C3RfX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "In the ensuing panic, the defenders abandoned the walls of the city at both ends, allowing the Crusaders to finally enter."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "After a three-day fast, on 8 July the crusaders performed the procession as they had been instructed by Desiderius, ending on the Mount of Olives where"}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "On 15 July, a final push was launched at both ends of the city, and eventually the inner rampart of the northern wall was captured."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Antioch", "text": "The Armenian, Firouz, helped Bohemond and a small party enter the city on the 2nd June and open a gate at which point horns were sounded, the city's Christian majority opened the other gates and the crusaders entered."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Antioch", "text": "and then the Seljuq Turks\u2014the crusader army set Antioch to siege on 20 October 1097."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "a Frankish siege and Byzantine naval assault captured Nicea in June 1097."}, {"section_header": "Council of Clermont", "text": "In July 1095, Urban turned to his homeland of France to recruit men for the expedition."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "It was political and religious fragmentation that brought this expansion to an end."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Jerusalem", "text": "When the defenders on the southern wall heard of the fall of the northern wall, they fled to the citadel, allowing Raymond and the Proven\u00e7als to enter the city."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", "text": "On 22 July, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to establish governance for Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Battle of Dorylaeum", "text": "Then, in March 1098, Baldwin became the new ruler, thus creating the County of Edessa, the first of the crusader states."}], "text": "At the end of July in 1097, the crusaders entered Edessa.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "First Crusade"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 9, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara."}], "id": "Nl3JeCKQSdAJNpMPcM2m", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "According to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the fifth top digital singles artist in the United States, with 103 million certified song units in the country including on-demand streams and also has 6 million certified album units, totaling 109 million certified units in the nation."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "On June 26, 2014, she was declared the Top Certified Digital Artist Ever by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for certified sales of 72 million digital singles in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "She tried to \"be a bit like the typical Californian girl\" while growing up, and started rollerskating, skateboarding, and surfing as a teenager."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Growing up, Perry and her siblings were not allowed to eat the cereal Lucky Charms as the word \"luck\" reminded their mother of Lucifer, and had to call deviled eggs \"angeled eggs\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "It reached number one in Hungary and number four in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "The song reached number one in Australia and number eleven in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "That month, a portrait of Perry by artist Will Cotton was included in the United States National Portrait Gallery."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "They respectively peaked at numbers 59 and 46 in the United States, and made the top 15 in Canada."}], "text": "Growing up, she often moved with her family across the United States of America.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "When it was first published in 1932, the novel was moderately successful; 11,000 copies were initially printed, with a total of four printings by the end of the year, although a significant number of copies from the fourth printing had not been sold by 1936."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A childishly cruel white vigilante, Percy Grimm, follows him there and, over Hightower's protest, shoots and castrates Christmas."}], "id": "Nq6rqV2qFoUB18pRaGFU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "Unlike some of the other Yoknapatawpha County novels, Light in August does not rely solely on stream-of-consciousness narration, but also incorporates dialogue and an omniscient third-person narrator that develop the story."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Christian allegory", "text": "Light in August has 21 chapters, as does the Gospel of St. John."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Light in August is a 1932 novel by the Southern (American) author William Faulkner."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": "However, after a casual remark by his wife Estelle on the quality of the light in August, Faulkner changed the title."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were also displeased with the violence depicted in the novel, pejoratively labeling it \"gothic fantasy,\" despite the fact that lynching was a reality in the South."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Light in August 54th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": "The title refers to the fire of the house that is at the center of the story."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "According to Daniel Joseph Singal, Faulkner's literary style gradually developed from 19th century Victorian to modernist, with Light in August more firmly grounded in the tradition of the latter."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": ".in August in Mississippi there"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "When it was first published in 1932, the novel was moderately successful; 11,000 copies were initially printed, with a total of four printings by the end of the year, although a significant number of copies from the fourth printing had not been sold by 1936."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A childishly cruel white vigilante, Percy Grimm, follows him there and, over Hightower's protest, shoots and castrates Christmas."}], "text": "Light in August is a story that sold well despite morbid content.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Light in August"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alibaba Group Holding Limited (also known as Alibaba Group and as Alibaba.com) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology."}], "id": "NrQxSxZmptH0x2iiLJxT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Naming", "text": "And I said, \"Yes, this is the name!\" Then I went on to the street and found 30 people and asked them, \"Do you know Alibaba?"}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | E-commerce and retail service platforms", "text": "Lazada Group is a Singaporean e-commerce company founded by Rocket Internet in 2011."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Uranium sales", "text": "Samples of raw uranium ore were allegedly found concealed in the soles of his shoes."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "We also registered the name \"Alimama\", in case someone wants to marry us!\" On 4 April 1999, Jack Ma and his team of 17 friends and students founded Alibaba.com, a China-based B2B marketplace site, in his Hangzhou apartment."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Founded on 4 April 1999 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via web portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and cloud computing services."}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | Entertainment services", "text": "The company was renamed Alibaba Pictures Group."}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | Others", "text": "For regulatory purpose, Alibaba Group did not own the company directly, but by pleading."}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | Cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology", "text": "In 2009, Alibaba acquired HiChina, the largest domain registration service and web hosting service company in China, and built it into Alibaba Cloud."}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | Others", "text": "Other subsidiaries of Alibaba include Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital and Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund."}, {"section_header": "Companies and affiliated entities | Others", "text": "The Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund is a non-profit making initiative launched by Alibaba Group in 2015.Alibaba"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alibaba Group Holding Limited (also known as Alibaba Group and as Alibaba.com) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology."}], "text": "Alibaba is a company founded in Korea.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Alibaba"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}], "id": "NrQyJqVi3Q6QTGVkK44t", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "cited in  Scott distinguished the romance from the novel, where (as he saw it) \"events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Having reached the present day, Nelly's tale concludes."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "It won the 1939 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film and was nominated for the 1939 Academy Award for Best Picture."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Although one of the more sympathetic characters of the novel, she is also somewhat snobbish towards Hareton and his lack of education."}, {"section_header": "Influences | Gothic novel", "text": "At one stage Heathcliff is described as a vampire, and it has been suggested that both he and Catherine are in fact meant to be seen as vampire-like personalities."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The action is laid in hell, \u2013 only it seems places and people have English names there.\"Wuthering"}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Kate Bush's song \"Wuthering Heights\" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Bront\u00eb's story that is not properly an \"adaptation\"."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "One common candidate is Top Withens, a ruined farmhouse in an isolated area near the Haworth Parsonage, although its structure does not match that of the farmhouse described in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "We have been taken and carried through a new region, a melancholy waste, with here and there patches of beauty; have been brought in contact with fierce passions, with extremes of love and hate, and with sorrow that none but those who have suffered can understand."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Ending", "text": "Heathcliff was seeing visions of the dead Catherine; he avoided the young people, saying that he could not bear to see Catherine's eyes, which they both shared, looking at him."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}], "text": "People have always thought extremely highly of the novel, citing it as one of the best.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "His father was a military bandmaster, clarinettist and music teacher, born in Ireland and raised in Chelsea, London; his mother was English born, of Irish and Italian descent."}], "id": "Nt5KfD7Xy0mxdfLxTFJ0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Despite his reservations about the move to the United States, Sullivan paid all the costs and gave substantial financial support to the family."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "From June to August 1885, after The Mikado opened, Sullivan visited the family in Los Angeles and took them on a sightseeing trip of the American west."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later 1880s", "text": "He proposed instead that Sullivan should go ahead with his plan to write a grand opera, but should continue also to compose comic works for the Savoy."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "After Fred died at the age of 39, leaving his pregnant wife, Charlotte, with seven children under the age of 14, Sullivan visited the family often and became guardian to the children."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Sullivan loved to spend time in France (both in Paris and on the Riviera), where his acquaintances included European royalty and where the casinos enabled him to indulge his passion for gambling."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Sullivan enjoyed playing tennis; according to George Grossmith, \"I have seen some bad lawn-tennis players in my time, but I never saw anyone so bad as Arthur Sullivan\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Bertie remained with his Uncle Arthur for the rest of the composer's life."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Leisure and family life", "text": "Throughout the rest of his life, and in his will, he contributed financially to Fred's children, continuing to correspond with them and to be concerned with their education, marriages and financial affairs."}, {"section_header": "Music | Musical quotations and parodies", "text": "Sullivan adopted traditional musical forms, such as madrigals in The Mikado, Ruddigore and The Yeomen of the Guard and glees in H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado, and the Venetian barcarolle in The Gondoliers."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Beginnings", "text": "His father was a military bandmaster, clarinettist and music teacher, born in Ireland and raised in Chelsea, London; his mother was English born, of Irish and Italian descent."}], "text": "Arthur Sullivan, an English composer, was from a family of laborers and did not continue in the family tradition of hands on trades, but instead followed his passion for music.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}], "id": "NtYGVoIOxPwUkOtoiZnt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1931, he won his second batting title with a .359 average, as Hilldale also finished with the best record among eastern teams."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He would play in three more All-Star Games by 1938."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1924, he finished third in the batting race as Hilldale repeated as champions, but lost to the Kansas City Monarchs 5 games to 4 in the first Negro League World Series with Mackey playing third base."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey's grandson Riley Odoms played 12 seasons for the NFL's Denver Broncos."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He began playing baseball with his brothers on the Luling Oilers, a Prairie League team, in 1916 in his hometown of Luling."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."}], "text": "Biz Mackey played football from 1931 to 1949.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey lived in Los Angeles until his death in 1965."}], "id": "NuL2UeNNwVvMaNjNoUVi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He drove in the lead run in the 11th inning of the first game, which Hilldale won in 12 innings; after scoring the winning run in a 2\u20131 victory in Game 5, his three hits in the deciding Game 6 clinched the title."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "When I was a kid in Philadelphia, I saw both Mackey and Mickey Cochrane in their primes, but for real catching skills, I don't think Cochrane was the master of defense that Mackey was."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I gathered quite a bit from Mackey, watching how he did things"}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey lived in Los Angeles until his death in 1965."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Mackey was born in Eagle Pass, Texas, to a sharecropping family that included two brothers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey came to be regarded as black baseball's premier catcher in the late 1920s and early 1930s."}], "text": "Biz Mackey die in California.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Walter Fenner \"Buck\" Leonard (September 8, 1907 \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "November 27, 1997) was an American first baseman in Negro league baseball and in the Mexican League."}], "id": "NvquwlqcYF4CCPHYXCNh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1999, he was ranked number 47 on the 100 Greatest Baseball Players list by The Sporting News."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 47 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, one of five players so honored who played all or most of their careers in the Negro leagues, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Leonard was impressed by Dihigo's baseball knowledge."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Since Gibson was known as the \"Black Babe Ruth\" and Leonard was a first baseman, Buck Leonard was inevitably called the \"Black Lou Gehrig."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Beginning in 1951, Leonard went to the Mexican League."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "Leonard batted fourth in their lineup behind Josh Gibson."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "In fact, Negro league star Monte Irvin said that if Leonard had been allowed in the major leagues, baseball fans \"might have called Lou Gehrig the white Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Walter Fenner \"Buck\" Leonard (September 8, 1907 \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Leonard was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972 along with Gibson."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "\"Leonard was also inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 1974."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "November 27, 1997) was an American first baseman in Negro league baseball and in the Mexican League."}], "text": "Leonard passed away in 1999.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Buck Leonard"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford seized the opportunity and left behind his job as a barber's apprentice."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was offered an opportunity in the spring of 1899 to play for the Chatham Reds of the Canadian League for $65 per month, plus board."}], "id": "NyBSasSoZk3uw9N2Ba9Y", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Crawford's tales of teammates such as Cobb and deaf player Dummy Hoy, and opponents such as Honus Wagner, helped to make the book one of the most admired ever written about baseball."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Wahoo, Nebraska, he had a short minor league baseball career before entering the majors with the Cincinnati Reds in 1899."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "Crawford learned about the letter in 1946 and accused Cobb of being a \"cheapskate\" who never helped his teammates."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Reporters showed up there with the news, shocking the locals, who were unaware that their neighbor had even played Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "In his first game he got two hits, stole a base and threw out two runners in his first game."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They traveled on a lumber wagon from town to town for weeks at a time, challenging the locals to baseball games, and passing the hat to pay their expenses."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "Crawford recalled that, if he went three for four on a day when Cobb went hitless, Cobb would turn red and sometimes walk out of the park with the game still on."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "After his election, Crawford told the curator in Cooperstown that he wanted his plaque to read \"Wahoo Sam.\" He noted: \"That's my hometown, and I'm proud of it."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "He stands up at the plate like a brick house and he hits all the pitchers, without playing favorites.\" Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of 13 seasons."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "In interviews late in life with Al Stump, Cobb told of studying Crawford's base-stealing technique and of how Crawford would teach him about pursuing fly balls and throwing out base runners."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford seized the opportunity and left behind his job as a barber's apprentice."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was offered an opportunity in the spring of 1899 to play for the Chatham Reds of the Canadian League for $65 per month, plus board."}], "text": "Before Sam Crawford was a baseball player, he helped out at the local mortuary.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sam Crawford"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "Parker began playing the saxophone at age 11, and at age 14 he joined his high school band where he studied under Bandmaster Alonzo Lewis."}], "id": "O0n2TDfsqjdDR0gwo23A", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "His biggest influence at that time was a young trombone player named Robert Simpson, who taught him the basics of improvisation."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "His childhood sweetheart and future wife, Rebecca Ruffin, graduated from Lincoln High School in June 1935."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "Parker began playing the saxophone at age 11, and at age 14 he joined his high school band where he studied under Bandmaster Alonzo Lewis."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "His father, Charles Sr., was often required to travel for work, but provided some musical influence because he was a pianist, dancer and singer on the Theater Owners Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) circuit."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "Watts has cited Parker as a large influence on his life when he was a boy learning jazz."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "Parker proposed to his wife, Rebecca Ruffin, the same year and the two were married on July 25, 1936."}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "His mother purchased a new alto saxophone around the same time."}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "Since 1972, the Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized many of Parker's improvisations for a five-piece saxophone section."}, {"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "In 1942 Parker left McShann's band and played for one year with Earl Hines, whose band included Dizzy Gillespie, who later played with Parker as a duo."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style."}], "text": "Parker cited his biggest influence as his childhood sweetheart and future wife Rebecca Lewis, whose father taught him the basics of improvisation on saxophone.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He portrayed General Robert E. Lee in Gods and Generals in 2003."}], "id": "O60AcrSgu9nC3wpqY3s6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He received Oscar nominations for his portrayals of evangelical preacher Euliss \"Sonny\" Dewey in The Apostle (1997)\u2014a film he also wrote and directed\u2014and played lawyer Jerome Facher in A Civil Action (1998)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Duvall served in the United States Army for a brief period shortly after the Korean War (from August 19, 1953, to August 20, 1954) leaving the Army as private first class."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a relative of  U.S. Civil War General Robert E. Lee, and a member of the Lee Family of Virginia, while his father was a descendant of settler Mareen Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "Duvall has maintained a busy film career, sometimes appearing in as many as four in one year."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall became an important presence in American films beginning in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "After a year's absence when he was with the U.S. Army (1953\u20131954), he returned to Gateway in its 1955 summer season, playing: Eddie Davis in Ronald Alexander's Time Out"}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Film Duvall's screen debut was as Boo Radley in the critically acclaimed To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "While the movie itself received mixed reviews, Duvall's performance was praised."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "In 2015, at age 84, Duvall became the oldest actor ever nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Duvall began appearing in theater during the late 1950s, moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s, playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) and appearing in Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH (1970) and the lead role in THX 1138 (1971), as well as Horton Foote's adaptation of William Faulkner's Tomorrow (1972), which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall's personal favorite."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He portrayed General Robert E. Lee in Gods and Generals in 2003."}], "text": "One of Duvall's later film roles was playing the head of the Union Army in the American Civil War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}], "id": "O8seaP0PCWEkHSI6zSUi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "While the Homeric poems (particularly, the Iliad) were not necessarily revered scripture of the ancient Greeks, they were most certainly seen as guides that were important to the intellectual understanding of any educated Greek citizen."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Date and textual history | As oral tradition", "text": "Originally, Classical scholars treated the Iliad and the Odyssey as written poetry, and Homer as a writer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the modern vulgate (the standard accepted version), the Iliad contains 15,693 lines; it is written in Homeric Greek, a literary amalgam of Ionic Greek and other dialects."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Subjects from the Trojan War were a favourite among ancient Greek dramatists."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gods | Divine intervention", "text": "In the final book of the poem Homer writes, \u201cHe offended Athena and Hera\u2014both goddesses.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the Odyssey, also attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Depiction of infantry combat", "text": "This overall depiction of war runs contrary to many other ancient Greek depictions, where war is an aspiration for greater glory."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "The West tended to view Homer as unreliable as they believed they possessed much more down to earth and realistic eyewitness accounts of the Trojan War written by Dares and Dictys Cretensis, who were supposedly present at the events."}], "text": "The Iliad is an ancient Greek poem that was probably written by Homer in iambic pentameter.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "The Elgin Marbles, Benin Bronzes, Ethiopian Tabots and the Rosetta Stone are among the most disputed objects in its collections, and organisations have been formed demanding the return of these artefacts to their native countries of Greece, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Egypt respectively."}], "id": "O9QdJd17zzxlzaD57XaR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "Today the museum no longer houses collections of natural history, and the books and manuscripts it once held now form part of the independent British Library."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "Altogether the British Museum showcases on public display less than 1% of its entire collection, approximately 50,000 items."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Ethiopian Tabots \u2013 claimed by Ethiopia Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "Plans were announced in September 2014 to recreate the entire building along with all exhibits in the video game Minecraft in conjunction with members of the public."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "Egyptian antiquities have formed part of the British Museum collection ever since its foundation in 1753 after receiving 160 Egyptian objects from Sir Hans Sloane."}, {"section_header": "History | A new public face (1950\u20131975)", "text": "In 1962 the Duveen Gallery was finally restored and the Parthenon Sculptures were moved back into it, once again at the heart of the museum."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum Act 1753 also added two other libraries to the Sloane collection, namely the Cottonian Library, assembled by Sir Robert Cotton, dating back to Elizabethan times, and the Harleian Library, the collection of the Earls of Oxford."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Elgin Marbles \u2013 claimed by Greece and backed by UNESCO among others for restitution"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "The Elgin Marbles, Benin Bronzes, Ethiopian Tabots and the Rosetta Stone are among the most disputed objects in its collections, and organisations have been formed demanding the return of these artefacts to their native countries of Greece, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Egypt respectively."}], "text": "There are entire organizations formed to try to get things back from the British Museum that were stolen.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Simple alcohols are found widely in nature."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Ethanol is most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway."}], "id": "OFyBRj6K174T4Fi9CAYc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "This metabolic reaction produces ethanol as a waste product."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Ethanol is most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "For instance, such a process might proceed by the conversion of sucrose by the enzyme invertase into glucose and fructose, then the conversion of glucose by the enzyme complex zymase into ethanol (and carbon dioxide)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "In the Ziegler process, linear alcohols are produced from ethylene and triethylaluminium followed by oxidation and hydrolysis."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "Simple alcohols are found widely in nature."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Ethanol is obtained by fermentation using glucose produced from sugar from the hydrolysis of starch, in the presence of yeast and temperature of less than 37 \u00b0C to produce ethanol."}, {"section_header": "Production | Hydration reactions", "text": "Ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol are produced by this general method."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "Many higher alcohols are produced by hydroformylation of alkenes followed by hydrogenation."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "Alcohol was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide Sb2S3."}], "text": "Ethanol is produced naturally in a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The earliest known film adaptation of Wuthering Heights was filmed in England in 1920 and was directed by A. V. Bramble."}], "id": "OJNDU0czVAdghIBreFjr", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The earliest known film adaptation of Wuthering Heights was filmed in England in 1920 and was directed by A. V. Bramble."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "There is also a 1985 French film adaptation, Hurlevent by Jacques Rivette."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "Filipino director Carlos Siguion-Reyna made a film adaptation titled Hihintayin Kita sa Langit (1991)."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "It became a Filipino film classic."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "It won the 1939 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film and was nominated for the 1939 Academy Award for Best Picture."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "More recent film or TV adaptations include ITV's 2009 two-part drama series starring Tom Hardy, Charlotte Riley, Sarah Lancashire, and Andrew Lincoln, and the 2011 film starring Kaya Scodelario and James Howson and directed by Andrea Arnold."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The film is directed by Abdul Rashid Kardar and Dilip Kumar."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1970 film with Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1966 Indian film Dil Diya Dard Liya is based upon this novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The film stars Dilip Kumar, Waheeda Rehman, Pran, Rehman, Shyama and Johnny Walker."}], "text": "The earliest known film adaptation was filmed in England in 1920.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}], "id": "OJUSqipEGTYgThlM9dzt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey lived in Los Angeles until his death in 1965."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After three years under manager C. I. Taylor, in which he hit .315, .317 and .344, he was picked up by Hilldale when the Eastern Colored League was organized in 1923."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He would play in three more All-Star Games by 1938."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1924, he finished third in the batting race as Hilldale repeated as champions, but lost to the Kansas City Monarchs 5 games to 4 in the first Negro League World Series with Mackey playing third base."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey's grandson Riley Odoms played 12 seasons for the NFL's Denver Broncos."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He began playing baseball with his brothers on the Luling Oilers, a Prairie League team, in 1916 in his hometown of Luling."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}], "text": "Biz Mackey did not play for the Daisies until 1923.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was not until his family emigrated to the United States in 1885, settling in Natick, Massachusetts, that he saw the game of baseball played for the first time, but he was quickly fascinated and resolved himself to learning as much about the game as he could."}], "id": "OMHUXSWL5VWDwKjAVuQ3", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Thomas Henry Connolly (December 31, 1870 \u2013 April 28, 1961) was an English-American umpire in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was not until his family emigrated to the United States in 1885, settling in Natick, Massachusetts, that he saw the game of baseball played for the first time, but he was quickly fascinated and resolved himself to learning as much about the game as he could."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Connolly was named in the Honor Rolls of Baseball in 1946, and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953, one of the first two umpires (the NL's Bill Klem was the other) given that honor."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connolly was born in Manchester, England, and played cricket as a boy."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "On April 24, 1901, Connolly had the privilege of umpiring, as its sole arbiter, the first AL game ever played."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While working in YMCA games, he was discovered by major league umpire Tim Hurst, who obtained a position for Connolly in the New England League, where he umpired from 1894 to 1897."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "Travelling throughout the league to work with other umpires and ensure that everyone's work was meeting the same high standards, he remained in that post until 1954, and came to be known as the nation's foremost expert on baseball rules."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In over half a century as an American League umpire and supervisor, he established the high standards for which the circuit's arbiters became known, and solidified the reputation for integrity of umpires in the major leagues."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "In 1898, the National League (NL) brought Connolly up to the majors, but he was angered by the league president's reluctance to back up umpires' decisions on the field, and resigned in the middle of the 1900 season, then signed with the fledgling American League (AL) in 1901."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "In 1931, new AL president Will Harridge was concerned about widespread complaints that the quality of umpiring in the league had deteriorated, and Connolly retired from active field work to become the league's first supervisor of umpires."}], "text": "English-American umpire Thomas Henry Connolly played cricket as a kid but umpired for Major League Baseball after seeing baseball for the first time when his family moved to Massachusetts when he was 15.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Connolly"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}], "id": "OOLUi0KK8FaUkTrC228M", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter died at age 86 on August 12, 2002, after battling non-Hodgkin lymphoma."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "In the decisive seventh game of that series, Slaughter, running with the pitch, made a famous \"Mad Dash\" for home from first base on Harry Walker's hit in the eighth inning, scoring the winning run after a delayed relay throw by the Red Sox' Johnny Pesky."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter coached baseball for Duke University from 1971 to 1977.Enos Slaughter is a cousin of Henry Slaughter, southern gospel musician."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter retired from major league baseball in 1959."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter batted left-handed and threw right-handed."}, {"section_header": "Career | Minor leagues", "text": "During the remainder of his major-league career, Slaughter ran everywhere"}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter had 2,383 hits in his major league career, including 169 home runs, and 1,304 RBI in 2,380 games."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter later injured Robinson during a game by inflicting a seven-inch gash from his shoe spikes on Robinson's leg."}], "text": "Slaughter passed away in 2002.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | German Confederation and Empire", "text": "Following the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna founded the German Confederation, a loose league of 39 sovereign states."}, {"section_header": "History | East Francia and Holy Roman Empire", "text": "In 1806 the Imperium was dissolved; France, Russia, Prussia and the Habsburgs (Austria) competed for hegemony in the German states during the Napoleonic Wars."}], "id": "OQLbSIW2mWd4TQLyCtVM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | German Confederation and Empire", "text": "Prussia was the dominant constituent state of the new empire; the King of Prussia ruled as its Kaiser, and Berlin became its capital."}, {"section_header": "History | East Francia and Holy Roman Empire", "text": "In 1806 the Imperium was dissolved; France, Russia, Prussia and the Habsburgs (Austria) competed for hegemony in the German states during the Napoleonic Wars."}, {"section_header": "History | East and West Germany", "text": "East Germany selected East Berlin as its capital, while West Germany chose Bonn as a provisional capital, to emphasise its stance that the two-state solution was temporary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire."}, {"section_header": "History | German Confederation and Empire", "text": "Following the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna founded the German Confederation, a loose league of 39 sovereign states."}, {"section_header": "History | Reunified Germany and the European Union", "text": "Based on the Berlin/Bonn Act (1994), Berlin again became the capital of Germany, while Bonn obtained the unique status of a Bundesstadt (federal city) retaining some federal ministries."}, {"section_header": "History | East and West Germany", "text": "The fall of the Wall in 1989 became a symbol of the Fall of Communism, the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, German Reunification and Die Wende."}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "In what later became known as the Holocaust, the German government persecuted minorities, including interning them in concentration and death camps across Europe."}, {"section_header": "History | East Francia and Holy Roman Empire", "text": "From 1740, dualism between the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia dominated German history."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Irreligion in Germany is strongest in the former East Germany, which used to be predominantly Protestant before state atheism, and in major metropolitan areas."}], "text": "Before the fall of Napoleon, France and Prussia wanted dominance over Germany creating revolutions that allowed Germany to organize with states of power and later Berlin became it's capital.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Germany"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}], "id": "OQqwObunl5tFGkYywgzE", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Murasaki shikibu, The Tale of Genji."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "The debate over how much of Genji was actually written by Murasaki Shikibu has gone on for centuries and is unlikely to ever be settled unless some major archival discovery is made."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "no Ue, whom Genji marries, is based on Murasaki Shikibu herself."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations", "text": "The major translations into English are each slightly different, mirroring the personal choices of the translator and the period in which the translation was made."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Puette, William J (1983). Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations", "text": "The most recently written (\"Genji and the Luck of the Sea\") dates from 2007."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations", "text": "The first partial translation of Genji Monogatari into English was by Suematsu Kench\u014d, published in 1882."}], "text": "It was written by Murasaki Shikibu and has been incorrectly translated into English previously.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music", "text": "\" These unique chords are known popularly as \"Bird Changes\"."}], "id": "OSYoaO8jDwOFA8AJdbbH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "He was the only child of Charles Parker and Adelaide"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "\" These unique chords are known popularly as \"Bird Changes\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Parker was a blazingly fast virtuoso and introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions."}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "Avant-garde jazz trombonist George Lewis recorded Homage to Charles Parker (1979)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death", "text": "Parker was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, in a hamlet known as Blue Summit, located close to I-435 and East Truman Road."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Problems", "text": "Charles Mingus considered this version of \"Lover Man\" to be among Parker's greatest recordings, despite its flaws."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 \u2013 March 12, 1955), also referred to by his nicknames Yardbird or simply Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."}, {"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "In 1940, he returned to Kansas City to perform with Jay McShann and to attend the funeral of his father, Charles, Sr."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "Other well-known Parker compositions include \"Ah-Leu-Cha\", \"Anthropology\", co-written with Gillespie, \"Confirmation\", \"Constellation\", \"Donna Lee\", \"Moose the Mooche\", \"Scrapple from the Apple\" and \"Yardbird Suite\", the vocal version of which is called \"What Price Love\", with lyrics by Parker."}], "text": "Charles Parker was also known as Birdboy because he was so fast.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bells", "text": "The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver \"dish bell\", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England."}], "id": "OWEIp3NYGZSaiKAPzZBP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Schools", "text": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey."}, {"section_header": "Bells", "text": "The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver \"dish bell\", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England."}, {"section_header": "Bells", "text": "kg).In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells \u2013 one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester."}, {"section_header": "Schools", "text": "The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Bells", "text": "The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-war", "text": "In the 1990s, two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey."}, {"section_header": "Bells", "text": "The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971 by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D."}, {"section_header": "Bells", "text": "The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544"}, {"section_header": "History | Second World War", "text": "Then on 10/11 May 1941, the Westminster Abbey precincts and roof were hit by incendiary bombs."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131745: Western towers constructed", "text": "The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design."}], "text": "There are two schools and two service bells in the precinct of the abbey in London.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Westminster Abbey"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "Sir Thomas Grenville (1755\u20131846), a trustee of the British Museum from 1830, assembled a library of 20,240 volumes, which he left to the museum in his will."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "The books arrived in January 1847 in twenty-one horse-drawn vans."}], "id": "OX4Co4zGJt53j92xfd7F", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Departments | Libraries and archives", "text": "The museum's various libraries hold in excess of 350,000 books, journals and pamphlets covering all areas of the museum's collection."}, {"section_header": "History | A new public face (1950\u20131975)", "text": "The Government suggested a site at St Pancras for the new British Library but the books did not leave the museum until 1997."}, {"section_header": "History | New century, new building (1900\u20131925)", "text": "By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased to the extent that its building was no longer large enough."}, {"section_header": "History | A new public face (1950\u20131975)", "text": "In the same year the Act of Parliament establishing the British Library was passed, separating the collection of manuscripts and printed books from the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Reading Room closed in 1997 when the national library (the British Library) moved to a new building at St Pancras."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "The King's Library, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London."}, {"section_header": "History | The Great Court emerges (1975\u20132000)", "text": "The departure of the British Library to a new site at St Pancras, finally achieved in 1998, provided the space needed for the books."}, {"section_header": "History | Growth and change (1800\u20131825)", "text": "Many Greek sculptures followed, notably the first purpose-built exhibition space, the Charles Towneley collection, much of it Roman sculpture, in 1805."}, {"section_header": "History | Indolence and energy (1778\u20131800)", "text": "The bequest of a collection of books, engraved gems, coins, prints and drawings by Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode in 1800 did much to raise the museum's reputation; but Montagu House became increasingly crowded and decrepit and it was apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "The books remained here until the British Library moved to St Pancras in 1998."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "Sir Thomas Grenville (1755\u20131846), a trustee of the British Museum from 1830, assembled a library of 20,240 volumes, which he left to the museum in his will."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "The books arrived in January 1847 in twenty-one horse-drawn vans."}], "text": "After the new building was built in 1827, much of the British Museum's library book collection was a gift from a supporter's estate.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They met while serving in the United States Army in Germany."}], "id": "OfRmbzTqk9yJDZq2xAdl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Draft", "text": "Though Yankees officials were concerned that Jeter would attend college instead of signing a professional contract, Groch convinced them to select him, saying, \"the only place Derek Jeter's going is to Cooperstown\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The children lived with their parents during the school year and spent their summers with their grandparents in New Jersey."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2003\u20132008", "text": "The Yankees went on to win the game in the bottom of the 13th inning."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1992\u20131995)", "text": "Frustrated by his lack of success and homesick, Jeter accrued $400-per-month phone bills from daily calls to his parents."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2009\u20132013", "text": "The hit was a single off Baltimore Orioles pitcher Chris Tillman in the third inning."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 1999\u20132002", "text": "In extra innings, Jeter hit a game-winning home run off of Byung-hyun Kim."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | Final season (2014)", "text": "On July 17, Derek scored the 1,900th run of his career becoming the 10th player in MLB history to do so."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1992\u20131995)", "text": "Coming off his strong 1993 season, Baseball America rated Jeter as the 16th-best prospect in baseball."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The Jeters lived in New Jersey until Derek was four years old, at which point they moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1992\u20131995)", "text": "Baseball America rated Jeter among the top 100 prospects in baseball before the 1993 season, ranking him 44th."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They met while serving in the United States Army in Germany."}], "text": "Derek Jeter's parents did meet in America.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Derek Jeter"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum \u2013 national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything."}, {"section_header": "History | Cabinet of curiosities (1753\u20131778)", "text": "The body of trustees decided on a converted 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, as a location for the museum, which it bought from the Montagu family for \u00a320,000."}], "id": "OrNrFRwn5SNL1TVYvtWO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | New century, new building (1900\u20131925)", "text": "In 1895 the trustees purchased the 69 houses surrounding the museum with the intention of demolishing them and building around the west, north and east sides of the museum."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "In 1895, Parliament gave the museum trustees a loan of \u00a3200,000 to purchase from the Duke of Bedford all 69 houses which backed onto the museum building in the five surrounding streets \u2013 Great Russell Street, Montague Street, Montague Place, Bedford Square and Bloomsbury Street."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Trustee appointment", "text": "The newspaper said the British Museum subsequently planned to appoint her as one of the five trustees it does not need government approval for."}, {"section_header": "History | Cabinet of curiosities (1753\u20131778)", "text": "The body of trustees decided on a converted 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, as a location for the museum, which it bought from the Montagu family for \u00a320,000."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "The trustees planned to demolish these houses and to build around the west, north and east sides of the museum new galleries that would completely fill the block on which the museum stands."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Trustee appointment", "text": "According to The Guardian, the UK government rejected the appointment of classicist Mary Beard as a British Museum trustee in 2019, due to her pro-European beliefs."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "Sir Thomas Grenville (1755\u20131846), a trustee of the British Museum from 1830, assembled a library of 20,240 volumes, which he left to the museum in his will."}, {"section_header": "History | Cabinet of curiosities (1753\u20131778)", "text": "The trustees rejected Buckingham House, on the site now occupied by Buckingham Palace, on the grounds of cost and the unsuitability of its location."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "Most of the antiquities Salt collected were purchased by the British Museum and the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre."}, {"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum \u2013 national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything."}], "text": "The trustees of the British Museum purchased an old building to serve as the first location for the museum.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "Amino acids are used for a variety of applications in industry, but their main use is as additives to animal feed."}], "id": "OslKjTzRiMpN1u42gSjQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "Similarly, some amino acids derivatives are used in pharmaceutical industry."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "Amino acids are used for a variety of applications in industry, but their main use is as additives to animal feed."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Biodegradable plastics", "text": "Due to its solubility and ability to chelate metal ions, polyaspartate is also being used as a biodegradeable anti-scaling agent and a corrosion inhibitor."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "In this industry, amino acids are also used to chelate metal cations in order to improve the absorption of minerals from supplements, which may be required to improve the health or production of these animals."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "The food industry is also a major consumer of amino acids, in particular, glutamic acid, which is used as a flavor enhancer, and aspartame (aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester) as a low-calorie artificial sweetener."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "About 500 naturally occurring amino acids are known (though only 20 appear in the genetic code) and can be classified in many ways."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "This is necessary, since many of the bulk components of these feeds, such as soybeans, either have low levels or lack some of the essential amino acids: lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan are most important in the production of these feeds."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "Similar technology to that used for animal nutrition is employed in the human nutrition industry to alleviate symptoms of mineral deficiencies, such as anemia, by improving mineral absorption and reducing negative side effects from inorganic mineral supplementation."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry", "text": "The remaining production of amino acids is used in the synthesis of drugs and cosmetics."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Peptide bond formation", "text": "However, not all peptide bonds are formed in this way."}], "text": "Amino Acids can be used in many ways in the industry.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Amino acid"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "id": "OuG3nfsCm7ndS1l4P8mK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "Earlier that month, Thatcher was named the most competent prime minister of the past 30 years in an Ipsos MORI poll."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs | Industrial relations", "text": "Thatcher reflected on the end of the strike in her statement that \"if anyone has won\" it was \"the miners who stayed at work\" and all those \"that have kept Britain going\"."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs | Privatisation", "text": "Not all privatised companies have had successful share price trajectories in the longer term."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Political impact | Reputation", "text": "In 2015 she topped a poll by Scottish Widows, a major financial services company, as the most influential woman of the past 200 years; and in 2016 topped BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Power List of women judged to have had the biggest impact on female lives over the past 70 years."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Foreign affairs | Ties with the US", "text": "She applauded the coalition victory as a backbencher, while warning that \"the victories of peace will take longer than the battles of war\"."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs", "text": "In a July 1979 meeting with Foreign Secretary Lord Carrington and Home Secretary William Whitelaw, Thatcher objected to the number of Asian immigrants, in the context of limiting the total of Vietnamese boat people allowed to settle in the UK to fewer than 10,000 over two years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "In 2005, Thatcher criticised the way the decision to invade Iraq had been made two years previously."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs | Industrial relations", "text": "The number of stoppages across the UK peaked at 4,583 in 1979, when more than 29 million working days had been lost."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "Thatcher served as honorary chancellor of the College of William & Mary in Virginia from 1993 to 2000, while also serving as chancellor of the private University of Buckingham from 1992 to 1998, a university she had formally opened in 1976 as the then education secretary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "text": "Thatcher was the prime minister of the UK for eleven years, longer than anyone else had served in past decades.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis."}], "id": "OwqYg4gUIEzprCGu2YzK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synthesis | Biosynthesis", "text": "In plants, nitrogen is first assimilated into organic compounds in the form of glutamate, formed from alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia in the mitochondrion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid."}, {"section_header": "Synthesis | Biosynthesis", "text": "Other organisms use transaminases for amino acid synthesis, too."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "It is coded for with the codon UAG, which is normally a stop codon in other organisms."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | D-amino acid natural abundance", "text": "Other compounds containing D-amino acids are tyrocidine and valinomycin."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-protein functions", "text": "This compound is an analogue of tyrosine and can poison animals that graze on these plants."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | D-amino acid natural abundance", "text": "Although D-isomers are uncommon in live organisms, gramicidin is a polypeptide made up from mixture of D- and L-amino acids."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | D-amino acid natural abundance", "text": "These compounds disrupt bacterial cell walls, particularly in Gram-positive bacteria."}, {"section_header": "Uses in industry | Chemical building blocks", "text": "These compounds are used in chiral pool synthesis as enantiomerically pure building-blocks."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called \"essential\" for humans because they cannot be produced from other compounds by the human body and so must be taken in as food."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis."}], "text": "Amino acids are organic compounds.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Amino acid"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "All alcohols are mild skin irritants."}], "id": "OxrxRmYVDBi51WYhAnb2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Applications", "text": "Alcohols have a long history of myriad uses."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Oxidation", "text": "Reagents useful for the transformation of primary alcohols to aldehydes are normally also suitable for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "In archaic nomenclature, alcohols can be named as derivatives of methanol using \"-carbinol\" as the ending."}, {"section_header": "Applications", "text": "1-propanol, 1-butanol, and isobutyl alcohol for use as a solvent and precursor to solvents"}, {"section_header": "Applications", "text": "C6\u2013C11 alcohols used for plasticizers, e.g. in polyvinylchloride fatty alcohol (C12\u2013C18), precursors to detergentsMethanol is the most common industrial alcohol, with about 12 million tons/"}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "It was used as an antiseptic, eyeliner, and cosmetic."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "The word \"alcohol\" is from the Arabic kohl (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0644\u200e, romanized: al-ku\u1e25l), a powder used as an eyeliner."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "RCH2CH2CHO RCH2CH2CHO +  3 H2 \u2192  RCH2CH2CH2OHSuch processes give fatty alcohols, which are useful for detergents."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Oxidation", "text": "The direct oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids can be carried out using potassium permanganate or the Jones reagent."}, {"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "All alcohols are mild skin irritants."}], "text": "Alcohol is a soothing agent, which is why it is used in hand sanitizers.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War gave Abraham Lincoln his brief military service, although he saw no combat."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black Hawk and other leaders escaped, but later surrendered and were imprisoned for a year."}], "id": "P15x2pycLpxnAL6vWY0n", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath | Black Hawk's imprisonment and legacy", "text": "By war's end, Black Hawk and nineteen other leaders of the British Band were incarcerated at Jefferson Barracks."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "However, Black Hawk and others were nearby, and near dusk on May 14 attacked Stillman's party in what became known as the Battle of Stillman's Run."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "On May 12, learning that Black Hawk's band was only twenty-five miles away, eager militiamen led by Major Isaiah Stillman left Whiteside's encampment, making another camp on a tributary of the Rock River later named  Stillman Valley after him."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "After Stillman's defeat, American leaders like President Jackson and Secretary of War Lewis Cass refused to consider a diplomatic solution; they wanted a resounding victory over Black Hawk to serve as an example to other Native Americans who might consider similar uprisings."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "The Battle of Stillman's Run proved a turning point."}, {"section_header": "Final campaign | Wisconsin Heights", "text": "Black Hawk had managed to hold off a much larger force while allowing most of his people to escape, a difficult military operation that impressed some U.S. Army officers when they learned of it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black Hawk and other leaders escaped, but later surrendered and were imprisoned for a year."}, {"section_header": "Stillman's Run", "text": "Before the battle, Black Hawk had not committed to war."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}, {"section_header": "Initial diplomacy", "text": "Potawatomi leaders worried that the tribe as a whole would be punished if any Potawatomis supported Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War gave Abraham Lincoln his brief military service, although he saw no combat."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War's leaders did manage to run away.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story was initially published in The New York Sunday World under the title \"Gifts of the Magi\" on December 10, 1905."}], "id": "P2AxxZbgWuRk4TC9Bmw8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Gift of the Magi\" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story was initially published in The New York Sunday World under the title \"Gifts of the Magi\" on December 10, 1905."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas, which is a twist on \"The Gift of the Magi\", is a children's storybook by Russell Hoban which was first published in 1971."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story ends with the narrator comparing the sacrificial gifts of love with those of the biblical Magi."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas (1999) The Gift of the Magi (2004) Raincoat (2004) For the First Time (2010) Love, a French movie, based some of its scenes on this story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was first published in book form in the O. Henry Anthology"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "The visualization of the song Ahista is a modern adaptation of The Gift of the Magi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been popular for adaptation, especially for presentation at Christmas time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story tells of a young husband and wife and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "Radio drama series Adventures in Odyssey features a comedic adaptation of this story in its episode \"Gifts for Madge & Guy\" (1987)."}], "text": "The Gift of the Magi is a short story that was published in 1905.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Gift of the Magi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The fifth of nine children, Enya was born into a Roman Catholic family of musicians."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in (anglicised as Enya Patricia Brennan (); born 17 May 1961), known professionally as Enya, is an Irish singer, songwriter, record producer and musician."}], "id": "P8Jbpv09ZRRCz3NOctOQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in was born on 17 May 1961 in Dore, within the area of the parish Gaoth Dobhair, in the northwestern county of Donegal, Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "I ... remember my brothers and sisters playing outside ... and I would be inside playing the piano."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in (anglicised as Enya Patricia Brennan (); born 17 May 1961), known professionally as Enya, is an Irish singer, songwriter, record producer and musician."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "She is credited as \"Eithne N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in\" on its liner notes."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her name is anglicised as Enya Patricia Brennan, where Enya is the phonetic spelling of how Eithne is pronounced in her native Ulster dialect of Irish; \"N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in\" translates to \"daughter of Brennan\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "A Day Without Rain remains Enya's biggest seller, with 7 million copies sold in the US and the most sold new-age album of all time with an estimated 13 million copies sold worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Live performances", "text": "Enya and her sisters performed as part of the local choir Cor Mhuire in July 2005 at St. Mary's church in Gweedore during the annual Earagail Arts Festival."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "During this time, Enya played the synthesiser on Ceol Aduaidh (1983) by Mair\u00e9ad N\u00ed Mhaonaigh and Frankie Kennedy and performed with the duo and Mhaonaigh's brother Gear\u00f3id in their short lived group, Ragairne."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "The change from Eithne to Enya originated from Nicky Ryan, who thought her name would be too difficult for people outside Ireland to pronounce correctly, and suggested the phonetic spelling of her name."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The fifth of nine children, Enya was born into a Roman Catholic family of musicians."}], "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in has 7 brothers and sisters.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Enya"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996."}], "id": "P9amKZpiMpHM8ePmu5yP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Derived works | Other works", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire has spawned an industry of spin-off products."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Sales", "text": "The reported overall sales figures of the A Song of Ice and Fire series vary."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "Martin chose A Song of Ice and Fire as the overall series title: Martin saw the struggle of the cold Others and the fiery dragons as one possible meaning for \"Ice and Fire\", whereas the word \"song\" had previously appeared in Martin's book titles A Song for Lya and Songs"}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Narrative structure", "text": "Dividing the continuous A Song of Ice and Fire story into books is much harder for Martin."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Martin explores the questions of redemption and character change in the A Song of Ice and Fire series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion, as well as its realism."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "Martin does not consider A Song of Ice and Fire a \"series\" but a single story published in several volumes."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "Martin set the A Song of Ice and Fire story in a secondary world inspired by Tolkien's writing."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996."}], "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire was written in the 1990s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Song of Ice and Fire"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Though he did not own slaves himself, Taney was outraged by Northern attacks on slavery, and he sought to use the Dred Scott decision to permanently remove slavery as a subject of national debate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After Lincoln's election, Taney sympathized with the seceding Southern states, but he did not resign from the Supreme Court."}], "id": "PAHjts3L82QPfDZYQaLd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Another property owned by Taney, called the Roger Brooke Taney House (although he never lived there), is in Frederick, Maryland."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "\" Taney's mixed legacy was noted by Justice Antonin Scalia in his dissenting opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey:  There comes vividly to mind a portrait by Emanuel Leutze that hangs in the Harvard Law School: Roger Brooke Taney, painted in 1859, the 82nd year of his life, the 24th of his Chief Justiceship, the second after his opinion in Dred Scott."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Death", "text": "The following morning, the clerk of the Supreme Court announced that \"the great and good Chief Justice is no more.\" He served as chief justice for 28 years, 198 days, the second longest tenure of any chief justice, and was the oldest ever serving Chief Justice in United States history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Though he did not own slaves himself, Taney was outraged by Northern attacks on slavery, and he sought to use the Dred Scott decision to permanently remove slavery as a subject of national debate."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott", "text": "In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Dred Scott decision", "text": "To avoid the appearance of sectional favoritism, Taney and his Southern colleagues sought to win the support of at least one Northern justice to the Court's decision."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | 1845\u20131856", "text": "Taney's narrowly constructed opinion was joined by both pro-slavery and anti-slavery justices on the Court."}, {"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "In July 1835, Jackson nominated Taney to succeed Chief Justice John Marshall, who had died earlier in 1835."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "That there should have been one mistake in a judicial career so long, so exalted, and so useful is only proof of the imperfection of our nature."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After Lincoln's election, Taney sympathized with the seceding Southern states, but he did not resign from the Supreme Court."}], "text": "U.S. Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney did not support slavery.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger B. Taney"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics."}], "id": "PAqmotBWuVFmQwY5QMDq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor is Shakespeare's only play that he himself seems to hold in contempt, even as he indites it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "It performed at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London (2012) The Very Merry Wives of Windsor, Iowa by Alison Carey, adapted the play as a modern political satire, blending new dialogue with Shakespeare's text."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "T.W. Craik suggests that Shakespeare was forced to interrupt work on Henry IV, Part 2, having written most of it, because The Merry Wives had to be completed quickly."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "The Comical Gallant, a revision and adaptation by John Dennis (1702) The Merry Wives of Windsor was adapted and translated into Swahili for the Bitter Pill Company by Joshua Ogutu."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Most critics consider Merry Wives to be one of Shakespeare's weakest plays, and the Falstaff of Merry Wives to be much inferior to the Falstaff of the two Henry IV plays."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "It is largely considered to be the best operatic adaptation of The Merry Wives of Windsor, as well as one of opera's greatest comic achievements."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "If it is correct, it would probably mean that Shakespeare wrote The Merry Wives of Windsor between Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes", "text": "Other scholars say that the treatment of sexual jealousy in the play differs from its treatment in others, like Othello and A Winter's Tale."}], "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor is a play that has received lower praise then the author's other works.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Merry Wives of Windsor"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "She delivered her eulogy via videotape; in view of her health, the message had been pre-recorded several months earlier."}], "id": "PBePVIqFu8a68gtQS4YV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "On 4 July 2011, Thatcher was to attend a ceremony for the unveiling of a 10 ft (3.0 m) statue to Ronald Reagan, outside the US Embassy in London, but was unable to attend due to her frail health."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "She delivered her eulogy via videotape; in view of her health, the message had been pre-recorded several months earlier."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "Thatcher flew to California with the Reagan entourage, and attended the memorial service and interment ceremony for the president at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "On 11 June 2004, Thatcher (against doctor's orders) attended the state funeral service for Ronald Reagan."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Foreign affairs | Ties with the US", "text": "Thatcher became closely aligned with the Cold War policies of US President Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of communism."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "In the US, Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, and was later designated Patron of The Heritage Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "She broached the same subject in her Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World, which was published in April 2002 and dedicated to Ronald Reagan, writing that there would be no peace in the Middle East until Saddam Hussein was toppled."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "Thatcher had already begun to work on her presentation on the advice of Gordon Reece, a former television producer."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "A self-described conviction politician, Thatcher always insisted that she did not care about her poll ratings and pointed instead to her unbeaten election record."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "On leaving the Commons, Thatcher became the first former British prime minister to set up a foundation; the British wing of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation was dissolved in 2005 due to financial difficulties."}], "text": "Thatcher presented her tribute for Ronald Reagan via a video recording due to her condition.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The longest-tenured wrestler in company history at 30 years"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They had two daughters together, Chasey and Gracie Calaway, before divorcing in 2007."}], "id": "PFKJGirNCY13KPE39SZh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Big Evil (2001\u20132003)", "text": "This was the beginning of a new persona for The Undertaker, as he cut his long hair short and called himself \"Big Evil\"."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007\u20132010)", "text": "Although he kicked out of two quick pin attempts, Undertaker was pinned by Edge after two spears and lost the title."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "In the storyline, Teddy Long replaced Khali with Big Show as punishment for an attack on The Undertaker shortly before the match."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "The Undertaker was not heard from until the May 5 episode of SmackDown!, as Theodore Long delivered a challenge from The Undertaker to Khali for a match at Judgment Day."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007\u20132010)", "text": "On the September 25 episode of SmackDown, Theodore Long officially lifted the ban, after being released from a casket The Undertaker had placed him in."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004\u20132007)", "text": "The two continued to feud into 2007 as Kennedy cost The Undertaker two World Heavyweight Championship opportunities for a championship match at the Royal Rumble."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Lord of Darkness (1996\u20131998)", "text": "The two then clashed in the Royal Rumble"}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Lord of Darkness (1996\u20131998)", "text": "After a two-month hiatus, The Undertaker returned and defeated Kane at WrestleMania XIV."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998\u20131999)", "text": "The two faced off in a Hell in a Cell match at WrestleMania XV, which Undertaker won."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Post-Streak feuds (2015\u20132020)", "text": "At the event on March 29, Undertaker defeated Wyatt after two Tombstone Piledrivers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The longest-tenured wrestler in company history at 30 years"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They had two daughters together, Chasey and Gracie Calaway, before divorcing in 2007."}], "text": "The Undertaker had a long career and has at least two kids.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "The Undertaker"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}], "id": "PHhS0Y29ZO7joXvebEyv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 12 July 1994, U.S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about peace in post\u2013Cold War Europe."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Germany was officially reunified in October 1990."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "Since the reunification of Germany in 1990, the flag and the pole have been removed."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "It has also hosted street events at 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and will repeat its role in 2018 European Athletics Championships."}], "text": "It was often a site for major historical events and is considered as a symbol of the history of Europe and Germany.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "The band has sold more than 125 million records worldwide, including an RIAA-certified 66 million and Nielsen SoundScan-reported 58,000,000 in the US, making Metallica one of the most commercially successful bands of all time."}], "id": "PIUIaWwya2w0JPHzeKWo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Their first live success came early; they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Metallica has become one of the most influential heavy metal bands of all time, and is credited as one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal, along with Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "MTV ranked Metallica the third \"Greatest Heavy Metal Band in History\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 125 million albums worldwide as of 2018."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "The band has sold more than 125 million records worldwide, including an RIAA-certified 66 million and Nielsen SoundScan-reported 58,000,000 in the US, making Metallica one of the most commercially successful bands of all time."}, {"section_header": "Style and lyrical themes", "text": "Metallica was influenced by early heavy metal and hard rock bands and artists Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Kiss, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Ted Nugent, AC/DC, Rush, Aerosmith, Judas Priest, Scorpions and by new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) bands Venom, Mot\u00f6rhead, Saxon, Diamond Head, Blitzkrieg, and Iron Maiden."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Metallica was ranked 42nd on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists Of All Time\", was listed fifth on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\", and the band was number one on VH1's \"20 Greatest Metal Bands\" list."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Stephen Thomas Erlewine and Greg Prato of Allmusic said Metallica \"expanded the limits of thrash, using speed and volume not for their own sake, but to enhance their intricately structured compositions\", and called the band \"easily the best, most influential heavy metal band of the '80s, responsible for bringing the music back to Earth\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983\u20131985)", "text": "Although the album was not initially a financial success, it earned Metallica a growing fan base in the underground metal scene."}], "text": "The heavy metal band Metallica is one of the most successful bands monetarily.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "He died of a heart attack after suffering from heart problems for two to three years."}], "id": "PKnP3jlElyp7mSbz7hui", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, \"Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "That year, Klem had a run-in with league secretary and team manager Jim O'Rourke after Klem ejected one of the manager's players."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "At that time, Klem was appointed the NL's chief of umpires."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "It was difficult to challenge Klem at the time because so many years had passed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1946 Klem and Connolly had also been named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "As Klem got older, he began to experience a skin condition that he said related to his nerves."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Klem also dismissed catcher Al L\u00f3pez from a game after L\u00f3pez pasted a newspaper clipping onto home plate which showed Klem clearly in error calling a play involving L\u00f3pez."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "He had changed the spelling of his last name from \"Klimm\" to \"Klem\" because he thought it had a better sound."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "He died of a heart attack after suffering from heart problems for two to three years."}], "text": "Bill Klem expired of cardiac arrest.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Music and dance", "text": "Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Mizrahi and Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene."}], "id": "PLfu3XXeUyyAqXkSvqJR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Relations between Greece and Israel have improved since 1995 due to the decline of Israeli\u2013Turkish relations."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Music and dance", "text": "Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Mizrahi and Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Music and dance", "text": "Eilat has hosted its own international music festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival, every summer since 1987."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "The joint Cyprus-Israel oil and gas explorations centered on the Leviathan gas field are an important factor for Greece, given its strong links with Cyprus."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "The United States regards Israel as its \"most reliable partner in the Middle East,\" based on \"common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests\"."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Israel maintains diplomatic relations with 158 countries and has 107 diplomatic missions around the world; countries with whom they have no diplomatic relations include most Muslim countries."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Only three members of the Arab League have normalized relations with Israel: Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties in 1979 and 1994, respectively, and Mauritania opted for full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Iran had diplomatic relations with Israel under the Pahlavi dynasty but withdrew its recognition of Israel during the Islamic Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Education", "text": "Education is highly valued in the Israeli culture and was viewed as a fundamental block of ancient Israelites."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel."}], "text": "Israel has a tradition of valuing music only from Greece because of their improved relation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Notable events | Anniversary celebrations", "text": "A renovated pedestrian connection to Dumbo, Brooklyn, was also reopened before the anniversary celebrations."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only bridge across the East River at that time, it was also called the East River Bridge."}], "id": "PNDlffGnV2uHpS87BDuO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "The first new bridge across the East River, the Williamsburg Bridge, opened upstream in 1903 and connected Williamsburg, Brooklyn, with the Lower East Side of Manhattan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is the southernmost of four toll-free vehicular bridges connecting Manhattan Island and Long Island, with the Manhattan, Williamsburg, and Queensboro bridges to the north."}, {"section_header": "Notable events | Anniversary celebrations", "text": "A renovated pedestrian connection to Dumbo, Brooklyn, was also reopened before the anniversary celebrations."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Tolls on all four bridges across the East River\u2014the Brooklyn Bridge, as well as the Manhattan, Williamsburg, and Queensboro bridges to the north\u2014were abolished in July 1911 as part of a populist policy initiative headed by New York City mayor William Jay Gaynor."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "After the IRT's Joralemon Street Tunnel and the Williamsburg Bridge tracks opened in 1908, the Brooklyn Bridge no longer held a monopoly on rail service between Manhattan and Brooklyn, and cable service ceased."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Proposals for a bridge connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn were first made in the early 19th century, which eventually led to the construction of the current span, designed by John A. Roebling."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "That year, the formerly separate City of Brooklyn was unified with New York City, and the Brooklyn Bridge fell under city control."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Two years later, the Brooklyn Bridge trustees agreed to a plan where trolleys could run across the bridge under ten-year contracts."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "In the early 20th century, there were plans for Brooklyn Bridge elevated trains to run underground to the BRT's proposed Chambers Street station in Manhattan, though the connection was never opened."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only bridge across the East River at that time, it was also called the East River Bridge."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is part of DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass)and connects Williamsburg to Brooklyn.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Name", "text": "He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel."}], "id": "PNhkNENpsFFOuotEFtuV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Name", "text": "Charles' achievements gave a new meaning to his name."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "This development parallels that of the name of the Caesars in the original Roman Empire, which became kaiser and tsar (or czar), among others."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "In many languages of Europe, the very word for \"king\" derives from his name; e.g., Polish: kr\u00f3l, Ukrainian: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c (korol'), Czech: kr\u00e1l, Slovak: kr\u00e1\u013e, Hungarian: kir\u00e1ly, Lithuanian: karalius, Latvian: karalis, Russian: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, Macedonian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b, Bulgarian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b, Romanian: crai, Serbo-Croatian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459/kralj, Turkish: kral."}, {"section_header": "Administration | Church reforms", "text": "Charlemagne expanded the reform Church's programme unlike his father, Pippin, and uncle, Carloman."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia, which they then besieged."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "Later Old French historians dubbed him Charles le Magne (Charles the Great), becoming Charlemagne in English after the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "The epithet Carolus Magnus was widely used, leading to numerous translations into many languages of Europe."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ancestry", "text": "Records name only Carloman, Gisela, and three short-lived children named Pepin, Chrothais and Adelais as his younger siblings."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Formation of a new Aquitaine", "text": "The French name, Gascony, derives from Vasconia."}], "text": "Charlemagne's name was given to him after his uncle.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "The Cleveland Indians selected Eckersley in the third round of the 1972 MLB draft; he was disappointed that he was not drafted by the Giants."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Boston Red Sox (1978-1984)", "text": "The Indians traded Eckersley and Fred Kendall to the Boston Red Sox for Rick Wise, Mike Paxton, Bo D\u00edaz, and Ted Cox on March 30, 1978."}], "id": "PNqwUWVVr5qYI2nSs9hb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing career | Broadcasting", "text": "\"Eck\" is known for his easy-going manner and his own baseball vernacular which has caused members of Red Sox Nation to attempt to keep up with \"The Ecktionary,\" a defining list of his on air sayings."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "He struck out 12 batters and only allowed two to reach base, Tony Solaita on a walk in the first inning and Bobby Bonds on a third strike that was a wild pitch."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "Eckersley's control, which had always been above average even when he was not otherwise pitching well, became his trademark; he walked only three batters in 57.2 innings in 1989, four batters in 73.1 innings in 1990, and nine batters in 76 innings in 1991."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "eventually lost 7-6 in 11 innings."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Broadcasting", "text": "In the spring of 2009, when regular NESN commentator Jerry Remy took time off for health reasons, Eckersley filled in for him, providing color commentary alongside play-by-play announcer Don Orsillo."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "The Cleveland Indians selected Eckersley in the third round of the 1972 MLB draft; he was disappointed that he was not drafted by the Giants."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed \"Eck\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "Eckersley gave up 5 runs in 5.1 innings, taking the loss, in his sole start for the Cubs in their NL Championship Series with the San Diego Padres."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled \"Eck: A Story of Saving\", premiered on December 13, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Boston Red Sox (1978-1984)", "text": "The Indians traded Eckersley and Fred Kendall to the Boston Red Sox for Rick Wise, Mike Paxton, Bo D\u00edaz, and Ted Cox on March 30, 1978."}], "text": "Eck played for the Indians in 1974.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dennis Eckersley"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}], "id": "POVyIcRzcBDcXSVEoTNK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The composer William Bolcom completed a setting of the entire collection of poems in 1984."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "24\", a setting of five poems from Songs of Innocence for solo voice and piano in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "It was first performed by baritone Anthony Schneider and pianist Rosemary Barnes in Vienna, Austria the same year."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "This collection mainly shows happy, innocent perception in pastoral harmony, but at times, such as in \"The Chimney Sweeper\" and \"The Little Black Boy\", subtly shows the dangers of this na\u00efve and vulnerable state."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The folk musician Greg Brown recorded sixteen of the poems on his 1987 album Songs of Innocence and of Experience and by Finn Coren in his Blake Project."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}], "text": "The second set of collection of poems for the Songs of Innocence came after 8 years with a new tittle.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}], "id": "PPwj7eeo67Si9aHDWEIC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "He joined the Yankees when Larry MacPhail became a co-owner of the team in 1945.The younger MacPhail rose through the Yankees system, eventually becoming farm system director in the late 1940s (after his father sold his one-third share and left baseball) and contributing to the organization's seven World Series championships from 1949 to 1958."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "In addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV has been active in baseball as a scout or scouting director for numerous teams, including the Orioles, Twins, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "After his retirement as AL president, MacPhail spent two final years in baseball as chairman of Major League Baseball's Player Relations Committee."}], "text": "Lee MacPhail, born in Nashville, Tennessee, the son of Larry MacPhail, was a baseball executive for 45 years, working with more than five teams throughout his career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Comparison with other writings | Gospel of Luke", "text": "As the second part of the two-part work Luke\u2013Acts, Acts has significant links to the Gospel of Luke."}], "id": "PTqvRntp3NBEgDIbEo7q", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Composition and setting | Genre, sources and historicity of Acts", "text": "He transposed a few incidents from Mark's gospel to the time of the Apostles\u2014for example, the material about \"clean\" and \"unclean\" foods in Mark 7 is used in Acts 10, and Mark's account of the accusation that Jesus has attacked the Temple (Mark 14:58) is used in a story about Stephen (Acts 6:14)."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Genre, sources and historicity of Acts", "text": "By and large the sources for Acts can only be guessed at, but the author would have had access to the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures), the Gospel of Mark, and either the hypothetical collection of \"sayings of Jesus\" called the Q source or the Gospel of Matthew."}, {"section_header": "Comparison with other writings | Gospel of Luke", "text": "These parallels continue through both books."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with Jesus's ascension to Heaven."}, {"section_header": "Structure and content | Content", "text": "Stephen's death marks a major turning point"}, {"section_header": "Comparison with other writings | Gospel of Luke", "text": "As the second part of the two-part work Luke\u2013Acts, Acts has significant links to the Gospel of Luke."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Manuscripts", "text": "The majority of scholars prefer the Alexandrian (shorter) text-type over the Western as the more authentic, but this same argument would favour the Western over the Alexandrian for the Gospel of Luke, as in that case the Western version is the shorter; the debate therefore continues."}, {"section_header": "Comparison with other writings | Gospel of Luke", "text": "For example, the gospel seems to place the Ascension on Easter Sunday, immediately after the Resurrection, while Acts 1 puts it forty days later."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Wipf and Stock Publishers. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Powell, Mark Allan (2018)."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The Gospel of Luke and Acts make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke\u2013Acts."}], "text": "Acts is a continuation of the Gospel of Mark.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Acts of the Apostles"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | World War I (1914\u20131917)", "text": "Although this passage was quoted in Stalin's book The October Revolution (1934), it was expunged from Stalin's Works (1949)."}], "id": "PXCmYMHofH3XYdXHQDS0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940) | Moscow show trials", "text": "The struggle which is in the offing transcends by far the importance of individuals, factions and parties."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Left opposition (1923\u20131924)", "text": "Appointment of the secretaries of provincial committees is now the rule."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | World War I (1914\u20131917)", "text": "Although this passage was quoted in Stalin's book The October Revolution (1934), it was expunged from Stalin's Works (1949)."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922\u20131923)", "text": "Stalin's power of patronage in his capacity as general secretary clearly played a role, but Trotsky and his supporters later concluded that a more fundamental reason was the process of slow bureaucratisation of the Soviet regime once the extreme conditions of the Civil War were over."}, {"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Raymond Molinier wrote that Trotsky spoke French fluently."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | A year in the wilderness (1925)", "text": "Trotsky denied this statements made by Eastman in an article he wrote."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Trade union debate (1920\u20131921)", "text": "At the end of the Tenth Congress, after peace negotiations had failed, Trotsky gave the order for the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, the last major revolt against Bolshevik rule."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky was never formally rehabilitated during the rule of the Soviet government, despite the Glasnost-era rehabilitation of most other Old Bolsheviks killed during the Great Purges."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940) | Final months", "text": "After forcefully denying Stalin's accusations that he had betrayed the working class, he thanked his friends and above all his wife, Natalia Sedova, for their loyal support: In addition to the happiness of being a fighter for the cause of socialism, fate gave me the happiness of being her husband."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "In a surprise development, Trotsky and most of the Iskra editors supported Martov and the Mensheviks, while Plekhanov supported Lenin and the Bolsheviks."}], "text": "Trotsky was a staunch supporter of Stalin's rule and wrote his memoirs.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir James Paul McCartney  (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles."}], "id": "PYT9XOyBbveChIC95dil", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "McCartney identified Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as containing his strongest and most inventive bass playing, particularly on \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\"."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "MacDonald identified \"She's a Woman\" as the turning point when McCartney's bass playing began to evolve dramatically, and Beatles biographer Chris Ingham singled out Rubber Soul as the moment when McCartney's playing exhibited significant progress, particularly on \"The Word\"."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "Bacon and Morgan described his bassline for the Beatles song \"Rain\" as \"an astonishing piece of playing ... [McCartney] thinking in terms of both rhythm and 'lead bass' ... [choosing] the area of the neck ... he correctly perceives will give him clarity for melody without rendering his sound too thin for groove.\" MacDonald identified the influence of Indian classical music in \"exotic melismas in the bass part\" on \"Rain\" and described the playing as \"so inventive that it threatens to overwhelm the track\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr", "text": "Not in 2010. McCartney played bass on \"Peace Dream\", and sang a duet with Starr on \"Walk with You\"."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "Best known for primarily using a plectrum or pick, McCartney occasionally plays fingerstyle."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr", "text": "McCartney inducted Starr into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2015, and played bass on his 2017 album Give More Love."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "Bacon and Morgan agreed, calling McCartney's groove on the track \"a high point in pop bass playing and ... the first proof on a recording of his serious technical ability on the instrument.\" MacDonald inferred the influence of James Brown's \"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag\" and"}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "During McCartney's early years with the Beatles, he primarily used a H\u00f6fner 500/1 bass, although from 1965, he favoured his Rickenbacker 4001S for recording."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "He uses Mesa Boogie bass amplifiers while performing live."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Bass guitar", "text": "Wilson Pickett's \"In the Midnight Hour\", American soul tracks from which McCartney absorbed elements and drew inspiration as he \"delivered his most spontaneous bass-part to date\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir James Paul McCartney  (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles."}], "text": "McCartney played bass for the Beatles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008 production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008, citing his health concerns."}], "id": "PZENCM264hOcMRnVeT5C", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Paul Newman remained a friend of the company until his death and discussed at numerous times possible productions in which he could star with his wife, Joanne Woodward."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and his elder brother, Arthur, who later became a producer and production manager."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In addition to the awards Newman won for specific roles, he received an honorary Academy Award in 1986 for his \"many and memorable and compelling screen performances\" and"}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008 production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008, citing his health concerns."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major films", "text": "In addition to starring in and directing Harry & Son, Newman directed four feature films starring Woodward."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's Own Cookbook."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Newman directed Nell alongside her mother in the films"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They met her while she was a freshman at Kenyon College during a play which Newman was directing."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Newman met actress Joanne Woodward in 1953, on the production of Picnic on Broadway."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "It was produced and directed by David Winters, who co-owned a number of racing cars with Newman."}], "text": "Paul Newman directed many theatre productions.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army Special Forces officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane."}], "id": "Pdu3VCt1PmH00h36pmxL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "In April 2019, Coppola showed Apocalypse Now Final Cut for the 40th anniversary screening at the Tribeca Film Festival."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, \"Apocalypse Now achieves greatness not by analyzing our 'experience in Vietnam', but by re-creating, in characters and images, something of that experience\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of The Great Movies, stating: \"Apocalypse"}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "When the Army did not co-operate, while promoting The Godfather Part II in Australia, Coppola and his producers scouted possible locations for Apocalypse Now in Cairns in northern Queensland, that had jungle resembling Vietnam, and in Malaysia."}, {"section_header": "Release | Re-release", "text": "The film was re-released on August 28, 1987, in six cities to capitalize on the success of Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, and other Vietnam War movies."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it on his list for the 2002 Sight & Sound poll for the greatest movie of all time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Post-production and audio", "text": "Apocalypse Now had novel sound techniques for a movie, as Murch insisted on recording the most up-to-date gunfire and employed the Dolby Stereo 70 mm Six Track system for the 70 mm release."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army Special Forces officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Now is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul."}], "text": "Apocalypse Now is a movie about a soldier's journey in Vietnam.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Elgin Marbles \u2013 claimed by Greece and backed by UNESCO among others for restitution"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Ethiopian Tabots \u2013 claimed by Ethiopia Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) \u2013"}], "id": "PhBjlCzeoPxfgubWh0oJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Compensation paid to Uri Peled for the amount of \u00a3175,000 by the British Museum"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Benin Bronzes \u2013 claimed by Nigeria, 30 pieces sold by the British Museum privately to the Nigerian government in the 1950s"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "The British Museum continues to assert that it is an appropriate custodian and has an inalienable right to its disputed artefacts under British law."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The series is designed to disseminate research on items in the collection."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Elgin Marbles \u2013 claimed by Greece and backed by UNESCO among others for restitution"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Ethiopian Tabots \u2013 claimed by Ethiopia Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Achaemenid empire gold and silver artefacts from the Oxus Treasure \u2013 claimed by Tajikistan"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Rosetta Stone \u2013 claimed by Egypt"}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Disputed items in the collection", "text": "Some 24,000+ scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, and relics from the Mogao Caves, including the Diamond Sutra \u2013 claimed by the People's Republic of China Gweagal Shield \u2014 claimed by Australia for the Gweagal people of New South Wales Hoa Hakananai'a \u2013 claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island Repatriation and reburial of human remains is a controversial issue, and the BM has issued a policy on the subject."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "Altogether the British Museum showcases on public display less than 1% of its entire collection, approximately 50,000 items."}], "text": "The British Museum has some disputed items.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "In January 1988, Griffey, at the age of 18, attempted to commit suicide by swallowing 277 aspirin pills but wound up in intensive care in Providence Hospital in Mount Airy, Ohio."}], "id": "PjMVVBvYEG4KE8LWXEF2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Griffey once again sported #24 with the Mariners; the team had not issued the number to any player or coach in the nine years between his two stints in Seattle."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Griffey family resides in Winter Garden, Florida, where Ken Griffey Sr. is also a resident."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Griffey released a series of charity wines to support The Ken Griffey Jr. Family Foundation, a fund that supports several causes, including the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and several children's hospitals across the United States."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "While on holiday in the Bahamas with his family, he broke his wrist."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "Griffey did not expect such a welcome or a turnout by fans when he came back, and a short but emotional speech was given by Griffey afterwards."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2000\u20132004", "text": "In 2000, Griffey also changed his number from 24 to 30, the number his father wore while playing in both Cincinnati and Seattle."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey also played football as a wide receiver and received scholarship offers to play college football for such programs as Oklahoma and Michigan."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "Many of the fans in attendance made signs professing their gratitude and adoration toward him with quotes such as: \"The House that Griffey Built\", \"Seattle Junior\", and \"Griffey we miss you."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Griffey is the son of former MLB player Ken Griffey Sr."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "In January 1988, Griffey, at the age of 18, attempted to commit suicide by swallowing 277 aspirin pills but wound up in intensive care in Providence Hospital in Mount Airy, Ohio."}], "text": "Ken Griffey once ate such an extremely large number of skittles at once that his family worried for his health.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "Although the exact cause of death was never settled with certainty, physicians eventually determined the cause as \"a cardiac complication of acute articular rheumatism\"."}], "id": "PpnTGDbJ8lq3zat2gh90", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She died in 1926; in her will, she established a fund for a Georges Bizet prize, to be awarded annually to a composer under 40 who had \"produced a remarkable work within the previous five years\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges was interviewed by Joseph Meifred, the horn virtuoso who was a member of the Conservatoire's Committee of Studies."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "He was registered as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold, but baptised as \"Georges\" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Years of struggle", "text": "In July 1866, Bizet signed another contract with Carvalho, for La jolie fille de Perth, the libretto for which, by J.H. Vernoy de Saint-Georges after Sir Walter Scott, is described by Bizet's biographer Winton Dean as \"the worst Bizet was ever called upon to set\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges, an only child, showed early aptitude for music and quickly picked up the basics of musical notation from his mother, who probably gave him his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "By listening at the door of the room where Adolphe conducted his classes, Georges learned to sing difficult songs accurately from memory and developed an ability to identify and analyse complex chordal structures."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "No trace exists, and it is unlikely that Bizet ever started it."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "Although the exact cause of death was never settled with certainty, physicians eventually determined the cause as \"a cardiac complication of acute articular rheumatism\"."}], "text": "Georges Bizet kicked the bucket of colon cancer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the second installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, and the fifth overall installment of the Jurassic Park film series."}], "id": "PqkvSJh4qg3uz2mIdz6J", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "'\"The character of Lowery, a park control-room employee from the previous Jurassic World film, was considered for a return in Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the second installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, and the fifth overall installment of the Jurassic Park film series."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The film is the first entry in the Jurassic Park series to be presented in a widescreen 2.39:1 aspect ratio."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Later that month, he did not deny the film could involve \"dinosaur soldiers\" and said the series is \"not always gonna be about a Jurassic Park\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Pratt had been signed for future films in the series, as was Ty Simpkins, who portrayed Gray in Jurassic World."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film better than the first Jurassic World but wrote \"... [Fallen Kingdom] ends up being just a so-so ride."}], "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is the 2nd part of the Jurassic park  series.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "The political structure, established by Ieyasu and solidified under his two immediate successors, his son Hidetada (who ruled from 1616\u201323) and grandson Iemitsu (1623\u201351), bound all daimy\u014ds to the shogunate and limited any individual daimy\u014d from acquiring too much land or power."}], "id": "PsRid9hipdzl7QtKlWxh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country)."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Ch\u014dsh\u016b Alliance between Saig\u014d Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Ch\u014dsh\u016b Domain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "All Tokugawa lands were seized and placed under \"imperial control\", thus placing them under the prerogative of the new Meiji government."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "The defeat of the armies of the former sh\u014dgun (led by Enomoto Takeaki and Hijikata Toshiz\u014d) marked the final end of the Tokugawa shogunate, with the Emperor's power fully restored."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "The Tokugawa shogunate came to its official end on November 9, 1867, when Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the 15th Tokugawa sh\u014dgun, \"put his prerogatives at the Emperor's disposal\" and resigned 10 days later."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "After K\u014dmei's death on January 30, 1867, Meiji ascended the throne on February 3."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "Shortly thereafter in January 1868, the Boshin War (War of the Year of the Dragon) started with the Battle of Toba\u2013Fushimi in which Ch\u014dsh\u016b and Satsuma's forces defeated the ex-sh\u014dgun's army."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "The political structure, established by Ieyasu and solidified under his two immediate successors, his son Hidetada (who ruled from 1616\u201323) and grandson Iemitsu (1623\u201351), bound all daimy\u014ds to the shogunate and limited any individual daimy\u014d from acquiring too much land or power."}], "text": "The Meiji Restoration was finished after their last heir Ieyasu Tokugawa died in battle.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}], "id": "Px3vy0I0gZFKZqQCLe4v", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower began to lean during construction in the 12th century, due to soft ground which could not properly support the structure's weight, and it worsened through the completion of construction in the 14th century."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the belfry with the Romanesque style of the tower."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry."}], "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built to have a lean.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Peace of Westphalia (1648)", "text": "Over a four-year period, the warring parties (the Holy Roman Empire, France, and Sweden) were actively negotiating at Osnabr\u00fcck and M\u00fcnster in Westphalia."}], "id": "PxMgSb9FeS8tyznm4evN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}, {"section_header": "Peace of Westphalia (1648)", "text": "Over a four-year period, the warring parties (the Holy Roman Empire, France, and Sweden) were actively negotiating at Osnabr\u00fcck and M\u00fcnster in Westphalia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Initially a war between the Protestant and Catholic states in the Holy Roman Empire"}, {"section_header": "French intervention and continued Swedish participation (1635\u20131648)", "text": "France, although mostly Roman Catholic, was a rival of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The rulers of the nations neighboring the Holy Roman Empire also contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War: Spain was interested in the German states because it held the territories of the Spanish Netherlands in the western part of the Empire and states within Italy that were connected by land through the Spanish Road."}, {"section_header": "In fiction | Novels", "text": "Alfred D\u00f6blin's sprawling historical novel Wallenstein (1920) is set during the Thirty Years' War; it explores the court of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand."}, {"section_header": "Swedish intervention (1630\u20131635)", "text": "France then entered the conflict, beginning the final period of the Thirty Years' War."}, {"section_header": "French intervention and continued Swedish participation (1635\u20131648)", "text": "France declared war on Spain in May 1635 and the Holy Roman Empire in August 1636, opening offensives against the Habsburgs in Germany and the Low Countries."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although the Bourbon Kings of France were Catholic, their main rivals for European leadership were the Habsburg rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "From 1643 to 1645, during the last years of the war, Sweden and Denmark-Norway fought the Torstenson War."}], "text": "The Thirty years War was actually 30 years long and was fought only between France and the Holy Roman Empire.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Thirty Years' War"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "id": "PxWmUUsSWpNYCYdlMgyt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "After Napoleon's defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General Ernst von Pfuel, the Quadriga was restored to Berlin."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Kaiser granted this honour to the family in gratitude to Ernst von Pfuel, who had overseen the return of the Quadriga to the top of the gate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "Addressing the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, Reagan said, General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate!"}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the central archway, as well as members of the Pfuel family, from 1814 to 1919."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the M\u00e4rkisches Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "\"It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again,\" Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit said."}], "text": "It was built on the orders of General Ernst von Pfuel.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}], "id": "PyPFHiSWikMQ6h4IFZW7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "Wolverine eventually became the breakout character on the team and, in terms of comic sales and appearances, the most popular X-Men character even getting his own solo title."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}, {"section_header": "In other media", "text": "The X-Men team has featured in multiple forms of media including a live-action film series, multiple animated shows, live-action shows, multiple video games, numerous novels, motion comics, soundtracks, action figures, and clothing."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991\u20132001)", "text": "Jim Lee's X-Men designs would be the basis for much of the X-Men animated series and action figure line as well as several Capcom video games."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Time displaced original X-Men", "text": "Also, Wolverine and the X-Men was relaunched and turned into mutants-in-training book."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "\" The first of these was The New Mutants, soon followed by Alpha Flight, X-Factor, Excalibur, and a solo Wolverine title."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "The insecurity and anxieties in Marvel's early 1960s comic books such as The Fantastic Four, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Incredible Hulk, and X-Men ushered in a new type of superhero, very different from the certain and all-powerful superheroes before them, and changed the public's perception of superheroes."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Political warfare", "text": "In the Marvel Universe, mutant rights is one of the hot controversial political topics and is something that is addressed numerous times in the X-books as a plot device."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "The growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed \"X-Books."}], "text": "The X-Men are a team of popular breakout solo mutant Wolverine superheroes appearing in numerous Archie books, video games, and television shows published by \"X-Books.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "In a surprise development, Trotsky and most of the Iskra editors supported Martov and the Mensheviks, while Plekhanov supported Lenin and the Bolsheviks."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "Lenin and his supporters, the Bolsheviks, argued for a smaller but highly organized party, while Martov and his supporters, the Mensheviks, argued for a more massive and less disciplined party."}], "id": "Q3kwlzWqEUQcHkyFk5jN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922\u20131923)", "text": "Much of the Bolshevik elite wanted 'normality,' while Trotsky was personally and politically personified as representing a turbulent revolutionary period that they would much rather leave behind."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "Trotsky wanted by no means that the alliance became a fusion, and he was afraid of the right gaining much power inside the bloc."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "After his escape from Siberia, Trotsky moved to London, joining Georgi Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Julius Martov and other editors of Iskra."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "was I persecuted with as much miserable cynicism as I was by the Norwegian \"Socialist\" government."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky's house in Coyoac\u00e1n has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "Then the congress discussed the position of the Jewish Bund, which had co-founded the RSDLP in 1898 but wanted to remain autonomous within the party."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "Trotsky later maintained that he had been wrong in opposing Lenin on the issue of the party."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | United Opposition (1926\u20131927)", "text": "Trotsky wanted the Communist Party to complete an orthodox proletarian revolution and have clear class independence from the KMT."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The foundation \"International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum\" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "In a surprise development, Trotsky and most of the Iskra editors supported Martov and the Mensheviks, while Plekhanov supported Lenin and the Bolsheviks."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Split with Lenin (1903\u20131904)", "text": "Lenin and his supporters, the Bolsheviks, argued for a smaller but highly organized party, while Martov and his supporters, the Mensheviks, argued for a more massive and less disciplined party."}], "text": "Leon Trotsky wanted a much larger government than Vladimir Lenin.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Overview | Origins", "text": "The beginnings of Olmec civilization have traditionally been placed between 1400 and 1200 BCE."}], "id": "Q6bOhEc0K0OoSdSRMVSo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Overview | La Venta", "text": "The first Olmec center, San Lorenzo, was all but abandoned around 900 BCE at about the same time that La Venta rose to prominence."}, {"section_header": "Overview | La Venta", "text": "In any case, following the decline of San Lorenzo, La Venta became the most prominent Olmec center, lasting from 900 BCE until its abandonment around 400 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Origins", "text": "What is today called Olmec first appeared fully within San Lorenzo Tenochtitl\u00e1n, where distinctive Olmec features occurred around 1400 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Overview | Origins", "text": "The beginnings of Olmec civilization have traditionally been placed between 1400 and 1200 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Writing", "text": "Symbols found in 2002 and 2006 date from 650 BCE and 900 BCE respectively, preceding the oldest Zapotec writing found so far, which dates from about 500 BCE.The 2002"}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Writing", "text": "Known as the Cascajal Block, and dated between 1100 BCE and 900 BCE, the 2006 find from a site near San Lorenzo shows a set of 62 symbols, 28 of which are unique, carved on a serpentine block."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "In this region, the first Mesoamerican civilization emerged and reigned from c. 1400\u2013400 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Trade", "text": "Most of the obsidian found has been traced back to Guatemala showing the extensive trade."}, {"section_header": "Trade", "text": "Some of the reasons for trade revolve around the lack of obsidian in the heartland."}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and invention of the zero concept", "text": "But an argument against an Olmec origin is the fact that the Olmec civilization had ended by the 4th century BCE, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count date artifact."}], "text": "The Olmec civilization has been traced to starting around 900 BCE", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "O'Malley is to recommend whether or not the school should be closed and the children sent to another school with modern facilities; but the sisters feel that God will provide for them."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The unconventional Father Charles \"Chuck\" O'Malley is assigned to St. Mary's parish, which includes a run-down inner-city school building on the verge of being condemned."}], "id": "Q82j1o3DBhzVBVvzsX2v", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The unconventional Father Charles \"Chuck\" O'Malley is assigned to St. Mary's parish, which includes a run-down inner-city school building on the verge of being condemned."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A television adaptation on videotape of The Bells of St. Mary's was shown in 1959, starring Claudette Colbert, Marc Connelly, Glenda Farrell, Nancy Marchand, Barbara Myers, Robert Preston, and Charles Ruggles."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "O'Malley is to recommend whether or not the school should be closed and the children sent to another school with modern facilities; but the sisters feel that God will provide for them."}], "text": "In the movie The Bells of St. Mary's, the head of the parish church has to decide if the local education institution should be shuttered.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde (, Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u02c8f\u027ea\u014bko]; 4 December 1892 \u2013 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He restored the monarchy in his final years, being succeeded by Juan Carlos as King of Spain, who, in turn, led the Spanish transition to democracy."}], "id": "QFZ5s0P9fAtNqyz6nM3c", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Spain under Franco", "text": "Already proclaimed General\u00edsimo of the Nationalists and Jefe del Estado (Head of State) in October 1936, he thereafter assumed the official title of \"Su Excelencia el Jefe de Estado\" (\"His Excellency the Head of State\")."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | Rise to power", "text": "On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was publicly proclaimed as General\u00edsimo of the National army and Jefe del Estado (Head of State)."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco", "text": "Franco was recognized as the Spanish head of state by Great Britain, France and Argentina in February 1939."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "Franco soon recovered and on 2 September he resumed his duties as head of state."}, {"section_header": "Military career | During the Second Spanish Republic | 1936 general election", "text": "On 23 June 1936, he wrote to the head of the government, Casares Quiroga, offering to quell the discontent in the Spanish Republican Army, but received no reply."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco", "text": "The \"Law of the Head of State,\" passed in August 1939, \"permanently confided\" all governing power to Franco; he was not required to even consult the cabinet for most legislation or decrees."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the war, he commandeered Spain's colonial army in Africa and after the death of much of the rebel leadership became his faction's only leader, later appointed Generalissimo and Head of State in 1936."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco", "text": "On 26 July 1947 Franco proclaimed Spain a monarchy, but did not designate a monarch."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | Rise to power", "text": "The desire to keep a place open for him prevented any other Falangist leader from emerging as a possible head of state."}, {"section_header": "Succession", "text": "By 1973 Franco had surrendered the function of prime minister (Presidente del Gobierno), remaining only as head of state and commander in chief of the military."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde (, Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u02c8f\u027ea\u014bko]; 4 December 1892 \u2013 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He restored the monarchy in his final years, being succeeded by Juan Carlos as King of Spain, who, in turn, led the Spanish transition to democracy."}], "text": "After becoming head of state, Francisco Franco re-established the Spanish Monarchy in 1936.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francisco Franco"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "It is thought that melanism confers a selective advantage under certain conditions since it is more common in regions of dense forest, where light levels are lower."}], "id": "QM9J3EELszVQikqeYut9", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A pseudo-melanistic leopard has a normal background color, but the spots are more densely packed than normal and merge to obscure the golden-brown background color."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Cornell Woolrich's novel Black Alibi (1942) features a black jaguar that escapes from captivity and wreaks havoc in a Mexican town."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A black leopard was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Two black Amur leopard (P. p. orientalis) cubs were born in zoos."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Therefore, coordinated breeding programs for black leopards do not exist in European and North American zoos."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "In 1788, Jean-Claude Delam\u00e9therie described a black leopard that was kept in the Tower of London and had been brought from Bengal."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "It is thought that melanism confers a selective advantage under certain conditions since it is more common in regions of dense forest, where light levels are lower."}], "text": "A black cat's color helps them hunt in the woods.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration", "text": "The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 87% live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 13% live in the southern half."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Donations are allowed to Christian, Jewish, Buddhist and Hindu communities; however, Islam remains excluded, since no Muslim communities have yet signed a concordat with the Italian state."}], "id": "QMov0jIdZ1Ww0sccS44m", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Architecture", "text": "The Byzantines kept Roman principles of architecture and art alive, and the most famous structure from this period is the Basilica of St. Mark in Venice."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Italy has had a central role in Western culture for centuries and is still recognised for its cultural traditions and artists."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Government", "text": "During the 2018 general election these three parties won 614 out of 630 seats available in the Chamber of Deputies and 309 out of 315 in the Senate."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sport", "text": "Historically, Italy has been successful in the Olympic Games, taking part from the first Olympiad and in 47 Games out of 48."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Donations are allowed to Christian, Jewish, Buddhist and Hindu communities; however, Islam remains excluded, since no Muslim communities have yet signed a concordat with the Italian state."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Visual art", "text": "The Italian Renaissance is said by many to be the golden age of painting; roughly spanning the 14th through the mid-17th centuries with a significant influence also out of the borders of modern Italy."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Health", "text": "The proportion of daily smokers was 22% in 2012, down from 24.4% in 2000 but still slightly above the OECD average."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Theatre", "text": "During the 16th century and on into the 18th century, Commedia dell'arte was a form of improvisational theatre, and it is still performed today."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Volcanology", "text": "Several islands and hills have been created by volcanic activity, and there is still a large active caldera, the Campi Flegrei north-west of Naples."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Literature", "text": "The two great writers of the 14th century, Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio, sought out and imitated the works of antiquity and cultivated their own artistic personalities."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration", "text": "The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 87% live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 13% live in the southern half."}], "text": "Islam is still kept out in Italy", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Italy"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The bodies of Mussolini and his mistress were then taken to Milan, where they were hung upside down at a service station to publicly confirm their demise."}], "id": "QQYZ2oapisMvJa8eb4Uh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "On 29 April 1945, the bodies of Mussolini, Petacci, and the other executed Fascists were loaded into a van and moved south to Milan."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "H.G. Wells predicted Mussolini's execution: Benito Mussolini, with a surfeit of bad history decaying in his imagination, could not see the plain realities before him."}, {"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city."}, {"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "The bodies were then stoned from below by civilians."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Foreign policy", "text": "After the sanctions against Italy ended in July 1936, the French tried hard to revive the Stresa Front, displaying what Sullivan called \"an almost humiliating determination to retain Italy as an ally\"."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Propaganda and cult of personality", "text": "Mussolini's foremost priority was the subjugation of the minds of the Italian people through the use of propaganda."}, {"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "The body of Starace was subsequently hung up next to that of Mussolini."}, {"section_header": "Mussolini's views on antisemitism and race", "text": "\"Bolshevism is not, as people believe, a Jewish phenomenon."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Foreign policy", "text": "In May 1938, during Hitler's visit to Italy, Mussolini told the F\u00fchrer that Italy and France were deadly enemies fighting on \"opposite sides of the barricade\" concerning the Spanish Civil War, and the Stresa Front was \"dead and buried\"."}, {"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "The piazza had been renamed \"Piazza Quindici Martiri\" (Fifteen Martyrs' Square) in honor of fifteen anti-Fascists recently executed there."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The bodies of Mussolini and his mistress were then taken to Milan, where they were hung upside down at a service station to publicly confirm their demise."}], "text": "After he was executed, Benito Mussolini's body was displayed to the people of Italy to prove that he was dead.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Benito Mussolini"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane was stranded at sea for thirty hours when his ship, the SS Commodore, sank after hitting a sandbar."}], "id": "QTr0jj4aPoEqRHWXzYmf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Also noting the depressing Realism utilized in the story, editor Vincent Starrett stated: \"It is a desolate picture, and the tale is one of our greatest short stories.\" Another of the author's friends, H. G. Wells, wrote that \"The Open Boat\" was \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work.\" Singling out Crane's usage of color and chiaroscuro in his writing, Wells continued: \"It has all the stark power of the earlier stories, with a new element of restraint; the color is as full and strong as ever, fuller and stronger, indeed; but those chromatic splashes that at times deafen and confuse in The Red Badge, those images that astonish rather than enlighten, are disciplined and controlled.\" The story remains popular with critics; Thomas Kent referred to \"The Open Boat\" as Crane's \"magnum opus\", while Crane biographer Stanley Wertheim called it \"Crane's finest short story and one of the masterworks of late nineteenth-century American literature\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "Being the Experience of Four Men from the Sunk Steamer 'Commodore' \", and were dedicated \"To the late William Higgins and to Captain Edward Murphy and Steward C. B. Montgomery of the Sunk Steamer Commodore\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane's personal account of the shipwreck and the men's survival, titled \"Stephen Crane's Own Story\", was first published a few days after his rescue."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "A second and lesser story, \"Flanagan and His Short Filibustering Adventure\", based upon the same shipwreck but told from the point of view of the captain, was published in McClure's Magazine in October 1897."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in Scribner's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane was stranded at sea for thirty hours when his ship, the SS Commodore, sank after hitting a sandbar."}], "text": "The Open Boat is a short story based on Stephen Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck after being sunk by a torpedo, in which H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\".", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They had three daughters: Elinor \"Nell\" Teresa (b. 1959), Melissa \"Lissy\" Stewart (b. 1961), and Claire \"Clea\" Olivia (b. 1965)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "two daughters, Susan (born 1953) and Stephanie Kendall (born 1954)."}], "id": "QUMRMK9PaUw67zPLJlZg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Major films", "text": "Twenty-five years after The Hustler, Newman reprised his role of \"Fast Eddie\" Felson in the Martin Scorsese\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Trumbo \u2013 New York, 2004 Newman is one of four actors to have been nominated for an Academy Award in five different decades."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "two daughters, Susan (born 1953) and Stephanie Kendall (born 1954)."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Newman was inspired to invest by his connection with Lee Strasberg, as Lee's then daughter-in-law Sabra Jones was the Founder and Producing Artistic Director of The Mirror."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They had three daughters: Elinor \"Nell\" Teresa (b. 1959), Melissa \"Lissy\" Stewart (b. 1961), and Claire \"Clea\" Olivia (b. 1965)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Newman was a lifelong Democrat."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Newman was an occasional writer for the publication."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood, and that Newman had said, \"Too close to the cake."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "Newman was associated with Freeman's established Porsche racing team which allowed both Newman and Freeman to compete in SCCA and IMSA"}], "text": "Newman had five daughters.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "id": "QXPqql6Q18VihtAZf9Hx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "When Dukas was five years old, his mother died giving birth to her third child, Marguerite-Lucie."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "After several years of silence, in 1920 he produced a tribute to his friend Debussy in the form of La plainte, au loin, du faune... for piano, which was followed by Amours, a setting of a sonnet by Pierre de Ronsard, for voice and piano, published in 1924 to mark the four hundredth anniversary of the poet's birth."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "The popularity of the piece became a matter of irritation to Dukas."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "Dukas died in Paris in 1935, aged 69."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "\"In 1899 Dukas turned once again to operatic composition."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "His father, Jules Dukas, was a banker, and his mother, Eug\u00e9nie, was a capable pianist."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Among his fellow students was Claude Debussy, with whom Dukas formed a close friendship."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "The Symphony in C major was composed in 1895\u201396, when Dukas was in his early 30s."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "The author had intended the libretto to be set by Grieg but in 1899 he offered it to Dukas."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "Dukas worked on it for seven years and it was produced at the Op\u00e9ra-Comique in 1907."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "text": "Dukas was birthed in Lyon, France.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, \"To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash.\" Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps."}], "id": "QZzkhabaVwxTc9i5uOdK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Schmidt was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1995 and is widely considered to be the one of the greatest third basemen in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, \"To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash.\" Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mike was a lifeguard at the club."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "In 1983, in celebration of the team's 100th anniversary, Schmidt was voted by fans the greatest player in the history of the franchise."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "Following the World Series, Schmidt and four of his Phillies teammates appeared on Family Feud for one week in 1980."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "By the ground rules, it remained in play and Schmidt was held to just a single, with the runners on first and second each advancing just one base."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2001, Schmidt began sponsoring an annual fishing tournament known as the Mike Schmidt Winner's Circle Invitational at Old Bahama Bay in West End, Grand Bahama Island."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades", "text": "On July 14, 2015, Schmidt was named one of the Phillies \"Franchise Four\" as voted by the fans, along with Steve Carlton, Richie Ashburn and Robin Roberts."}, {"section_header": "Career statistics", "text": "Schmidt's 548 home runs are the most ever hit by a player who spent his entire career with just one team."}], "text": "Mike Schmidt was considered as one of the greatest.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mike Schmidt"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character."}], "id": "QbUrvuSjNqqC4hgBIhG0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Preparation", "text": "Principal cast members, stand-ins, and stunt people made 100 practice laps of the arena in preparation for shooting."}, {"section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "Principal photography began in Rome on May 18, 1958."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Vidal arrived in Rome in early March 1958 to meet with Wyler."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Stephen Boyd was cast as the antagonist, Messala, on April 13, 1958."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Ben-Hur saved MGM from financial disaster, making a profit of $20,409,000 on its initial release, and another $10.1 million in profits when re-released in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "This release included several featurettes, including a commentary by Charlton Heston, a making-of documentary (made for a laserdisc release in 1993), screen tests, and a photo gallery."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "Ben-Hur has been released on home video on several occasions."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Filming started in May 1958 and wrapped in January 1959, and post-production took six months."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Ben-Hur received overwhelmingly positive reviews upon its release."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "This edition was released soon thereafter as a two-disc set in other countries."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character."}], "text": "Ben-Hur was released in 1958.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha also critiqued the practices of brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice."}], "id": "QlWNQBXIYKm0KTwgxdCt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha also critiqued the practices of brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "The Buddha also did not see the Brahmanical rites and practices as useful for spiritual advancement."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "He especially critiqued animal sacrifice as taught in Vedas."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "He also critiqued numerous other brahmanical practices, such astrology, divination, fortune-telling, and so on (as seen in the Tevijja sutta and the Kutadanta sutta).The Buddha also attacked the brahmins' claims of superior birth and the idea that different castes and bloodlines were inherently pure or impure, noble or ignoble."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "Because of this the early texts report that he proclaimed: \"Not by birth one is a brahman, not by birth one is a non-brahman; - by moral action one is"}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Influences", "text": "The Buddhist practice called Brahma-vihara may have also originated from a Brahmanic term; but its usage may have been common in the sramana traditions."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "An Arahant is \"one with taints destroyed, who has lived the holy life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, reached the true goal, destroyed the fetters of being, and is completely liberated through final knowledge.\" Jina \u2013 Conqueror."}, {"section_header": "Biography | The growth of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "One reason was that it was more difficult to do so without causing harm to flora and animal life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Renunciation", "text": "Gautama rejected the offer but promised to visit his kingdom first, upon attaining enlightenment."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "The Jatakas also sometimes depict negative actions done in previous lives by the bodhisattva, which explain difficulties he experienced in his final life as Gautama."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha criticized the practices of animal offerings done by the Brahman priests.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}], "id": "QlgrPagff180xdMHRWuS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was enormously popular, earning receipts of $8 million in North America during its initial run, making it the highest-grossing movie of 1945 in the USA."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It made a profit of $3,715,000, making it the most profitable film in the history of RKO."}], "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's never made an appearance in any enormously popular movies about organized crime.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Moai  (listen), or mo\ua78cai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, meaning \"statue\" in the local language), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}], "id": "QmIPDHvam3IB2cU559U8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Moai  (listen), or mo\ua78cai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, meaning \"statue\" in the local language), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "The Rapa Nui people were then devastated by the slave trade that began at the island in 1862."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "Until modern DNA analysis of the islanders and their ancestors, this was key scientific evidence that the moai had been carved by the Rapa Nui and not by a separate group from South America."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island, mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The EISP (Easter Island Statue Project) conducted research and documentation on many of the moai on Rapa Nui and the artifacts held in museums overseas."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "It is now housed in the British Museum, London, but demands have been made for its return to Rapa Nui."}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "These figures are believed to have been made after the civilization on Rapa Nui began to collapse, which is why they seem to have a more emaciated appearance to them."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "They were then subjected to forceful removal from their native lands and made to reside on a much smaller portion of the island, while the rest was used for farming. \" Eventually all pure Rapa Nui blood died out."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\"One of the most fascinating sights at Orongo are the hundreds of petroglyphs carved with birdman and Makemake images."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "It is thought that the moai with carved eye sockets were probably allocated to the ahu and ceremonial sites, suggesting that a selective Rapa Nui hierarchy was attributed to the moai design until its demise with the advent of the Birdman religion, Tangata Manu."}], "text": "They were carved by the Rapa Nui people on the island between 1300 and 1600.", "total_likes": 6, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Village life and diet", "text": "Despite the wide range of hunting and fishing available, midden surveys in San Lorenzo have found that the domesticated dog was the single most plentiful source of animal protein."}], "id": "Qnf9luSCmFYY4nkk2dBP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Social and political organization", "text": "Instead, archaeologists relied on the data that they had, such as large- and small-scale site surveys."}, {"section_header": "Alternative origin speculations", "text": "They are not considered credible by the vast majority of Mesoamerican researchers and scientists, who discard it as pop-culture pseudo-science."}, {"section_header": "Art | Jade face masks", "text": "The Olmec people believed that in the distant past a race of werejaguars was made between the union of a jaguar and a woman."}, {"section_header": "Village life and diet", "text": "Despite the wide range of hunting and fishing available, midden surveys in San Lorenzo have found that the domesticated dog was the single most plentiful source of animal protein."}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and invention of the zero concept", "text": "This is one of the earliest uses of the zero concept in history."}, {"section_header": "Art | Colossal heads", "text": "Some have also speculated that Mesoamerican people believed that the soul, along with all of one's experiences and emotions, was contained inside the head."}, {"section_header": "Art | Jade face masks", "text": "One werejaguar quality that can be found is the sharp cleft in the forehead of many supernatural beings in Olmec art."}, {"section_header": "Art | Colossal heads", "text": "Scholars believe that some mutilation had significance beyond mere destruction, but some scholars still do not rule out internal conflicts or, less likely, invasion as a factor."}, {"section_header": "Notable innovations | Writing", "text": "There are also well-documented later hieroglyphs known as the Isthmian script, and while there are some who believe that the Isthmian may represent a transitional script between an earlier Olmec writing system and the Maya script, the matter remains unsettled."}, {"section_header": "Ethnicity and language", "text": "Zoquean languages are still spoken in an area corresponding roughly to the Olmec heartland, and are historically known to have been spoken there, leads most scholars to assume that the Olmec spoke one or more Mixe\u2013Zoquean languages."}], "text": "Scientist believe the Olmec relied heavily on dogs for meat.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Olmec"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "He was the youngest of the four children of Alexis Massenet (1788\u20131863) and his second wife El\u00e9onore-Adela\u00efde n\u00e9e Royer de Marancour (1809\u20131875); the elder children were Julie, L\u00e9on and Edmond."}], "id": "QoDX03zsLvX3u9WzYYfE", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "He was the youngest of the four children of Alexis Massenet (1788\u20131863) and his second wife El\u00e9onore-Adela\u00efde n\u00e9e Royer de Marancour (1809\u20131875); the elder children were Julie, L\u00e9on and Edmond."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "The most often performed of his operas in the period are shown as Werther (63 productions in all countries), followed by Manon (47), Don Quichotte (22), Tha\u00efs (21), Cendrillon (17), La Navarraise (4), Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre (3), Th\u00e9r\u00e8se (2), Le Cid (2), H\u00e9rodiade (2), Esclarmonde (2), Ch\u00e9rubin (2) and Le mage (1)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "Massenet returned to Paris in 1866."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "Massenet was a popular and respected teacher at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Massenet wrote more than thirty operas."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "Massenet was never entirely without supporters."}, {"section_header": "Music | Orchestral and chamber music", "text": "Massenet took a wholly opposite view of his talents."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Massenet had a good sense of the theatre and of what would succeed with the Parisian public."}], "text": "Jules Massenet was the elder of his 3 siblings.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}], "id": "QsDTEIuMqbdpbBMECRH3", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the \"world's first full-length novel\", even though its author is unknown."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Related claims, perhaps in an attempt to sidestep these debates, are that Genji is the \"first psychological novel\" or \"historical novel\","}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"the first novel still considered to be a classic\" or other more qualified terms."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even down to our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it.\" The Genji is also often referred to as \"the first novel\", though there is considerable debate over this\u2014some of the debate involving whether Genji can even be considered a \"novel\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations in other media", "text": "1987 anime film by Gisabur\u014d Sugii \u2013 covers only the first 12 chapters, while adding in some psychological motivation that is not explicit in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Outline", "text": "The novel is traditionally divided into three parts, the first two dealing with the life of Genji and the last with the early years of two of Genji's prominent descendants, Niou and Kaoru."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Outline", "text": "It is the only chapter whose title has no clear reference within the text, although this may be due to the chapter being unfinished."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "In Genjik\u014d, players must match the scents of a series of five incense samples without being told the names of said samples."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "However, critics have almost consistently described The Tale of Genji as the oldest, first, and/or greatest novel in Japanese literature, though enthusiastic proponents may have later neglected the qualifying category of in Japanese literature, leading to the debates over the book's place in world literature."}], "text": "It may be the world's first novel.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8."}], "id": "QswJowcHTaZEbMeEBxrt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "The program documented the production of season 8 along with read-throughs and interviews with the cast."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Home media", "text": "The seventh season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 12, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Franich described seasons 3 and 4 as \"relentless\", seasons 6's ending having a \"killer one-two punch\", while seasons 7 and 8 were \"indifferent\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "Pixomondo retained a team of 22 to 30 people which focused solely on visualizing Daenerys Targaryen's dragons, with the average production time per season of 20 to 22 weeks."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Time criticized the repetitive story lines early in the season however praised the \"Battle of the Bastards\" episode as \"one of the show\u2019s very best episodes."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Copyright infringement", "text": "Within a day of the leak, the files were downloaded over 800,000 times; in one week the illegal downloads reached 32 million, with the season-five premiere alone (\"The Wars to Come\") pirated 13 million times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Many critics and publications have named the show as one of the best television series of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Critical reception for season 8 was again negative."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Viewership", "text": "The third season was seen by 14.2 million viewers, making Game of Thrones the second-most-viewed HBO series (after The Sopranos)."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Matt Fowler for IGN stated the series was \"still quite marvelous\" with the character development being praised."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8."}], "text": "Greater than 12 vfx people were on the program by the time they got to season  8, which is quite unlike the Sopranos.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Comic book adaptation", "text": "Italian comics artist Gianluca Lerici, better known under his artistic pseudonym Professor Bad Trip, adapted the novel into a graphic novel titled Il Pasto Nudo (1992), published by Shake Edizioni."}], "id": "Qzdc0b4wOORjsxRyf8PU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs."}, {"section_header": "Comic book adaptation", "text": "Italian comics artist Gianluca Lerici, better known under his artistic pseudonym Professor Bad Trip, adapted the novel into a graphic novel titled Il Pasto Nudo (1992), published by Shake Edizioni."}, {"section_header": "Film adaptation", "text": "From the 1960s, numerous film-makers considered adapting Naked Lunch for the screen."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "Nonetheless The Naked Lunch remained the title used for the 1968 and 1974 Corgi Books editions, and the novel is often known by the alternative name, especially in the UK where these editions circulated."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel was included in Time\u200a's \"100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\"."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1991, David Cronenberg directed a film of the same name based on the novel and other Burroughs writings."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The book begins with the adventures of William Lee (also known as \"Lee the Agent\"), who is Burroughs' alter ego in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After briefly describing Interzone, the novel breaks into sub-stories and heavily cut-up influenced passages."}], "text": "The 1959 novel Naked Lunch was adapted into a graphic novel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naked Lunch"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "Puyi married her as \"punishment\" for Wanrong, and, \"... because a second wife was as essential as palace furniture."}], "id": "R40OJ0aXALfixJYjt69p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Television", "text": "no \u014chi \u2013 Saigo no K\u014dtei (\u6d41\u8ee2\u306e\u738b\u5983\u00b7\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u7687\u5f1f; Chinese title \u6d41\u8f49\u7684\u738b\u5983), a 2003 Japanese television series about Pujie and Hiro Saga."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1922 and became his Empress."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "After Puyi married, he would occasionally bring her to the Forbidden City, and later Manchukuo, to visit him."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "as a warning to anyone who might be waiting in the vicinity to go away at once."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1937 at the age of 16 on the recommendation of the daughter of Yulang (\u6bd3\u6717), a beile."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Puyi married her as \"punishment\" for Wanrong, and, \"... because a second wife was as essential as palace furniture."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Major Liu Zhendong in 1947."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She later married a technician, and had two sons."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He chose Wenxiu. Political factions within the palace made the actual choice as to whom Puyi would marry."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "The next day, Puyi abdicated as Emperor of Manchukuo and declared in his last decree that Manchukuo was once again part of China."}], "text": "Puyi was married only once in his lifetime.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following gradual deterioration, the Brooklyn Bridge has been renovated several times, including in the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s."}], "id": "R4h8ihk5IsyXoQnDGW4Q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following gradual deterioration, the Brooklyn Bridge has been renovated several times, including in the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge gradually deteriorated due to age and neglect."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "The concrete deck had been installed during the 1950s renovations and had a lifespan of about 60 years."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "In 2010, the NYCDOT began renovating the approaches and deck, as well as repainting the suspension span."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair", "text": "By 1980, the Brooklyn Bridge was in such dire condition that it faced imminent closure."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Approaches", "text": "In the mid-2010s, the Brooklyn Banks were closed to the public because the area was being used as a storage site during the bridge's renovation."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "However, due to a supplier's fraudulent substitution of inferior-quality cable in the initial construction, the bridge was reappraised at the time as being only four times as strong as necessary."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "In spite of this, only a few workers were paralyzed."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "The project's cost also increased from $508 million in 2010 to $811 million in 2016.In August 2016, after the renovation had been completed, the NYCDOT announced that it would conduct a seven-month, $370,000 study to verify if the bridge could support a heavier upper deck that consisted of an expanded bicycle and pedestrian path."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "On March 5, 1950, the streetcars also stopped running, and the bridge was redesigned exclusively for automobile traffic."}], "text": "Due to its gradual deterioration, the bridge has been renovated a few times in the 1950s, 1980s and 2010s.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}], "id": "RCEQeCvhgf5K3SKK8VYU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The first season's soundtrack, written in about ten weeks before the premiere, was published by Var\u00e8se Sarabande in June 2011."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon", "text": "On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin"}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "In 2011, the season-one finale, \"Fire and Blood\", was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "The series was highly anticipated by fans before its premiere."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Awards", "text": "In 2013 the Writers Guild of America listed Game of Thrones as the 40th best written series in television history."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Merchandise and exhibition", "text": "In 2013 and 2014, a traveling exhibition of costumes, props, armor and weapons from the series visited major cities in Europe and the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "A second tour occurred in 2018 across cities in Europe and North America."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "The first and second drafts of the pilot script by Benioff and Weiss were submitted in August 2007 and June 2008, respectively."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Broadcast", "text": "Broadcasters carrying Game of Thrones include Fox Showcase in Australia; HBO Canada, Super \u00c9cran, and Showcase in Canada; HBO Latin America in Latin America; SoHo and Prime in New Zealand, and Sky Atlantic in the United Kingdom and Ireland."}], "text": "The series premiered in America on June 8th, 2011.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}], "id": "RCG7PoaNtgzxVE002U5l", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The Buddhist tradition regards Lumbini, in present-day Nepal to be the birthplace of the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Buddha's Birthday is called Buddha Purnima in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India as he is believed to have been born on a full moon day."}, {"section_header": "Biography | The growth of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "For the remaining 40 or 45 years of his life, the Buddha is said to have traveled in the Gangetic Plain, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and southern Nepal, teaching a diverse range of people: from nobles to servants, ascetics and householders, murderers such as Angulimala, and cannibals such as Alavaka."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Earliest sources", "text": "particularly Ashoka's Lumbini pillar inscription commemorates the Emperor's pilgrimage to Lumbini as the Buddha's birthplace, calling him the Buddha Shakyamuni (Brahmi script: \ud804\udc29\ud804\udc3c\ud804\udc25 \ud804\udc32\ud804\udc13\ud804\udc46\ud804\udc2c\ud804\udc2b\ud804\udc3c\ud804\udc26\ud804\udc3b Bu-dha Sa-kya-mu-n\u012b, \"Buddha, Sage of the Shakyas\")."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years", "text": "Several texts depict him delegating teachings to his chief disciples since his body now needed more rest."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "It may have been either Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, in present-day India, or Tilaurakot, in present-day Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Last days and parinirvana", "text": "I am now old, worn out . . . I have reached the term of life, I am turning eighty years of age."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini, now Nepal.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}], "id": "RCfk8M8chFmxVVek1aFi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son."}, {"section_header": "Discography | Compilations", "text": "With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "John Williams' piece \"Hello Francis\" is written as a tribute to Bebey: \" The piece is based on the Makossa, a popular dance rhythm from Cameroon often used by Francis, and includes a quote from his piece"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Fire's song, \"Everything Now,\" features a flute part from \"The Coffee Cola Song\" by Francis Bebey."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Francis Bebey was awarded the Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire of the GPLA 2013 for his literary legacy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "Bebey released his first album in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "Bebey helped launch the career of Manu Dibango."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Bebey died in Paris, France, on 28 May 2001."}], "text": "Francis Bebey had the nickname \"Baby\" because he could not grow facial hair and thus was \"baby-faced\".", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Francis Bebey"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "id": "RED2WzliLu0ASHn16rdq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "They had one child, a daughter Adrienne-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, born in December 1919."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "text": "Paul Dukas was born in the Netherlands.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}], "id": "RExQAZMJLr1cw9wMY9lj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Introduction to Classic Japanese Literature."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Poem-Pictures and Classical Japanese Literature\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Despite these debates, The Tale of Genji enjoys solid respect among the works of literature, and its influence on Japanese literature has been compared to that of Philip Sidney's Arcadia on English literature."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "JSTOR 2385292. Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten: Kan'yakuban [A Comprehensive Dictionary of Classical Japanese Literature: Concise Edition]."}, {"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "Outside of vocabulary related to politics and Buddhism, Genji contains remarkably few Chinese loan words (kango)."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "According to Act on Classics Day, the \u201cclassics\u201d that are honored not only include literature, but encompass a wide range of arts such as music, art, traditional performing arts, entertainment, lifestyle art including tea ceremony and flower arrangement and other cultural products."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Comparative Literature Studies."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Kornicki, P. F., \"Unsuitable Books for Women? \" Genji Monogatari\" and \"Ise Monogatari\" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan\", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol."}, {"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "The poems in the Genji are often in the classic Japanese tanka form."}], "text": "It is a classic work of the Chinese literature.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It resulted in the deaths of over 8 million people, including 20% of the German population, making it one of the most destructive conflicts in human history."}], "id": "RGvX7FgqpyUG69W1dE9A", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The Austrian domain was thus a major European power in its own right, ruling over some eight million subjects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It resulted in the deaths of over 8 million people, including 20% of the German population, making it one of the most destructive conflicts in human history."}, {"section_header": "Casualties and disease", "text": "The war caused serious dislocations to both the economies and populations of central Europe, but may have done no more than seriously exacerbate changes that had begun earlier."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "The war also had more subtle consequences."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The Protestant cause seemed to wax toward a quick overall victory."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The Habsburg cause in the next few years would seem to suffer unrecoverable reverses."}, {"section_header": "Casualties and disease", "text": "Some regions were affected much more than others."}, {"section_header": "Witch hunts", "text": "However, in W\u00fcrzburg, the persecutions continued until the death of Ehrenberg in July, 1631."}, {"section_header": "Beginnings (1618\u20131625) | Bohemian Revolt", "text": "Moreover, within the British Isles, Frederick V's cause became seen as that of Elizabeth Stuart, described by her supporters as \"The Jewell of Europe\", leading to a stream of tens of thousands of volunteers to her cause throughout the course of the Thirty Years' War."}, {"section_header": "Beginnings (1618\u20131625) | Bohemian Revolt", "text": "The death of Emperor Matthias emboldened the rebellious Protestant leaders, who had been on the verge of a settlement."}], "text": "The war caused more than eight million deaths.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Thirty Years' War"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Departments | Department of Prints and Drawings", "text": "Key highlights of the collections include: Nimrud:  Nineveh: Wider collection:Plastered human skull from Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine, (7000\u20136000 BC) Tell Brak Head, one of the oldest portrait busts from the Middle East, north east Syria, (3500\u20133300 BC) Uruk Trough, one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture from the Middle East, southern Iraq, (3300\u20133000 BC) Statue of Idrimi from the ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey, (1600 BC) A fine collection of Urartian bronzes, which now form the core of the Anatolian collection, eastern Turkey, (9th\u20136th centuries BC) Tablet of Shamash, depicting the sun-god Shamash, from Sippar, Iraq, (early 9th century BC) Two large Assyrian stelae from Kurkh, southern Turkey, (850 BC) Shebna Inscription from Siloam near Jerusalem, Israel, (7th century BC) East India House Inscription from Babylon, Iraq, (604\u2013562 BC) Lachish Letters, group of ostraka written in alphabetic Hebrew from Lachish, Israel, (586 BC) Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq, (555\u2013540 BC) The famous Oxus Treasure, the largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts, (550\u2013330 BC) The Punic-Libyan Inscription from the Mausoleum of Ateban, Dougga, Tunisia, (146 BC) Amran Tablets found near Sana'a, Yemen, (1st century BC) Two limestone ossuaries from caves in Jerusalem, (1st century AD) The Department of Prints and Drawings holds the national collection of Western prints and drawings."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "Nevertheless, it has returned items such as the Tasmanian Ashes after a 20-year-long battle with Australia."}], "id": "RJWunx403e77R3rzY7Yw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "The British Museum houses the world's largest and most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (with over 100,000 pieces) outside the Egyptian Museum in Cairo."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "Nevertheless, it has returned items such as the Tasmanian Ashes after a 20-year-long battle with Australia."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Greece and Rome", "text": "The Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447\u2013438 BC)Erechtheion"}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "Egyptian antiquities have formed part of the British Museum collection ever since its foundation in 1753 after receiving 160 Egyptian objects from Sir Hans Sloane."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "Parthenon Marbles claimed by Greece were also claimed by UNESCO among others for restitution."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "The seven permanent Egyptian galleries at the British Museum, which include its largest exhibition space (Room 4, for monumental sculpture), can display only 4% of its Egyptian holdings."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "After the defeat of the French forces under Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile in 1801, the Egyptian antiquities collected were confiscated by the British army and presented to the British Museum in 1803."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "The size of the Egyptian collections now stand at over 110,000 objects."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory", "text": "It includes some of the earliest objects made by humans in east Africa over 2 million years ago, as well as Prehistoric and neolithic objects from other parts of the world; and the art and archaeology of Europe from the earliest times to the present day."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Prints and Drawings", "text": "Key highlights of the collections include: Nimrud:  Nineveh: Wider collection:Plastered human skull from Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine, (7000\u20136000 BC) Tell Brak Head, one of the oldest portrait busts from the Middle East, north east Syria, (3500\u20133300 BC) Uruk Trough, one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture from the Middle East, southern Iraq, (3300\u20133000 BC) Statue of Idrimi from the ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey, (1600 BC) A fine collection of Urartian bronzes, which now form the core of the Anatolian collection, eastern Turkey, (9th\u20136th centuries BC) Tablet of Shamash, depicting the sun-god Shamash, from Sippar, Iraq, (early 9th century BC) Two large Assyrian stelae from Kurkh, southern Turkey, (850 BC) Shebna Inscription from Siloam near Jerusalem, Israel, (7th century BC) East India House Inscription from Babylon, Iraq, (604\u2013562 BC) Lachish Letters, group of ostraka written in alphabetic Hebrew from Lachish, Israel, (586 BC) Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq, (555\u2013540 BC) The famous Oxus Treasure, the largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts, (550\u2013330 BC) The Punic-Libyan Inscription from the Mausoleum of Ateban, Dougga, Tunisia, (146 BC) Amran Tablets found near Sana'a, Yemen, (1st century BC) Two limestone ossuaries from caves in Jerusalem, (1st century AD) The Department of Prints and Drawings holds the national collection of Western prints and drawings."}], "text": "The British Museum includes over 100,000 of Egyptian antiquities, the Parthenon Marbles, a plastered human skull from Jericho and the Tasmanian Ashes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "He makes a bargain with Faust: Mephistopheles will serve Faust with his magic powers for a set number of years, but at the end of the term, the Devil will claim Faust's soul, and Faust will be eternally enslaved."}], "id": "RZsx7DijhABv3YAWAVJb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | La Beaut\u00e9 du diable (The Beauty of the Devil)", "text": "Directed by Ren\u00e9 Clair, 1950 \u2013 A somewhat comedic adaptation with Michel Simon as Mephistopheles/Faust as old man, and G\u00e9rard Philipe as Faust transformed into a young man."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary of the story", "text": "He makes a bargain with Faust: Mephistopheles will serve Faust with his magic powers for a set number of years, but at the end of the term, the Devil will claim Faust's soul, and Faust will be eternally enslaved."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroads, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Murnau's Faust", "text": "Similarities to Goethe's Faust include the classic tale of a man who sold his soul to the Devil, the same Mephisto wagering with an angel to corrupt the soul of Faust, the plague sent by Mephisto on Faust's small town, and the familiar cliffhanger with Faust unable to find a cure for The Plague, and therefore turning to Mephisto, renouncing God, the angel, and science alike."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "The final version, published after his death, is recognized as a great work of German literature."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Another important version of the legend is the play Faust, written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust  (c. 1480\u20131540)."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Faust", "text": "Directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, 2011 \u2013 German-language film starring Johannes Zeiler, Anton Adasinsky, Isolda Dychauk."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Selected additional novels, stories, poems, and comics", "text": "Soul Cartel (2014\u20132017) by Haram and Youngji Kim"}], "text": "Faust is an old German folktale, in which a man trades his soul for knowledge and magic.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena appears and explains the ring swap, announcing that she has fulfilled Bertram's challenge; Bertram, impressed by all she has done to win him, swears his love to her."}], "id": "Rc12Vp6GRI71mHOaBbki", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well. The New Cambridge Shakespeare (2 ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "That Ends Well have been found."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "No records of the early performances of All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Styan, J. G., Shakespeare in Performance series: All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "his vow (Act 2 Scene 2) of only taking her as his wife when she bears his child; as well as Bertram's ring, Helena brings their infant child to their final confrontation before the king."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Many critics consider that the truncated ending is a drawback, with Bertram's conversion so sudden."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles\u2014a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward\u2014as Lafew and the Countess have also said."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Many directors have taken the view that when Shakespeare wrote a comedy, he did intend there to be a happy ending, and accordingly that is the way the concluding scene should be staged."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena appears and explains the ring swap, announcing that she has fulfilled Bertram's challenge; Bertram, impressed by all she has done to win him, swears his love to her."}], "text": "In William Shakespeare's play All's Well That Ends Well, Helena has to solve many challenges before her husband will marry her.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All's Well That Ends Well"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "Griffey Jr. cited arguments with his father, Ken Griffey Sr., depression, and anger as reasons for his attempted suicide."}], "id": "RkwxXRabmWmTQGWlz0D2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "As a young child, Ken Sr. would instill in his son the pride of a team accomplishment rather than the individual performance."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "Despite Griffey falling short, Major League Baseball put forth an effort to draw a new set of young fans and regain those disenchanted by the 1994 strike focused on McGwire, Sosa, and Griffey's pursuit of Maris' record."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "Despite being ranked second in the National League All-Star voting for outfielders for most of the first half of the season, Griffey finished fourth with 2,907,746 ballots, 87,000 votes behind Kosuke Fukudome."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "A campaign had been formed to rename a section of First Avenue South, which runs adjacent to T-Mobile Park, to Ken Griffey Jr. Drive just after his announcement to retire from baseball."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The team also honored Griffey in a unique fashion in the 2016 MLB draft, selecting his son Trey in the 24th round (matching his jersey number), even though Trey, at the time a wide receiver at the University of Arizona, had not played baseball since his preteen years."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Show 17 includes Ken Griffey Jr. as the cover athlete for the American version of the game."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "Griffey Jr. cited arguments with his father, Ken Griffey Sr., depression, and anger as reasons for his attempted suicide."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "On April 4, 2008, Ken Griffey Jr. passed Reggie Jackson for 16th on the all-time list after driving in his 1,702nd RBI."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ken Jr. was in the clubhouse during his father's back-to-back championships in the 1975 and 1976 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The jersey retirement includes the number 24 also being taken out of circulation of all of the Mariners minor league affiliates."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. was tried to make himself unalive, despite being very good at baseball, even as a young man, because his patriarch was sub-standard.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religion | Christian", "text": "According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholics are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians."}], "id": "Rmmfswx7Xsjl8EFmiztO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Roman Catholicism", "text": "There are five Catholic parish churches in Monaco and one cathedral, which is the seat of the archbishop of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian", "text": "According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholics are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Roman Catholicism", "text": "The official religion is Roman Catholicism, with freedom of other religions guaranteed by the constitution."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Islam", "text": "The majority of the Muslim population of Monaco are Arabs, though there are smaller Turkish minorities as well."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "It ended up in the hands of the Holy Roman Empire, which gave it to the Genoese."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Events, festivals and shows", "text": "The Principality of Monaco hosts major international events such as :   International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo"}, {"section_header": "Sports | Football", "text": "Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality: the men's football club, AS Monaco FC, and the women's football club, OS Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "It has also become a major banking centre, holding over \u20ac100 billion worth of funds."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Taxes", "text": "The absence of a personal income tax has attracted many wealthy \"tax refugee\" residents from European countries, who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Architecture", "text": "Following major development in the 1970s, Prince Rainier III banned high-rise development in the principality."}], "text": "The majority of Monaco is Roman Catholic.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Monaco"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}], "id": "Ro5Esvv9dHbhiXCOWgsR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical", "text": "The chemistry of calcium is that of a typical heavy alkaline earth metal."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Isotopes", "text": "44Ca/40Ca varies by about 1% among common earth materials."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and"}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "It is even possible that all the substances we call earths may be only metallic oxyds, irreducible by any hitherto known process."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Classification", "text": "Calcium, strontium, barium, and radium are always considered to be alkaline earth metals; the lighter beryllium and magnesium, also in group 2 of the periodic table, are often included as well."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In his table of the elements, Lavoisier listed five \"salifiable earths\" (i.e., ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts ("}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "It is extremely probable that barytes, which we have just now arranged with earths, is in this situation; for in many experiments it exhibits properties nearly approaching to those of metallic bodies."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Classification", "text": ": they behave more like aluminium and zinc respectively and have some of the weaker metallic character of the post-transition metals, which is why the traditional definition of the term \"alkaline earth metal\" excludes them."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "About these \"elements\", Lavoisier speculated: We are probably only acquainted as yet with a part of the metallic substances existing in nature, as all those which have a stronger affinity to oxygen than carbon possesses, are incapable, hitherto, of being reduced to a metallic state, and consequently, being only presented to our observation under the form of oxyds, are confounded with earths."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}], "text": "Calcium is not ample in the earth.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "After playing for Beaumont High School in his hometown, St. Louis, Missouri, the 17-year-old Weaver was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1948 as a second baseman."}], "id": "RsPHPPGCl0qfmsKSrrdt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In media", "text": "1983).In 1987 , Weaver assisted in the development of the AI for the computer game Earl Weaver Baseball, which was published by Electronic Arts."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He was the son of Earl Milton Weaver, a dry cleaner who cleaned the uniforms of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns, and Ethel Genevieve Wakefield."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Earl made his passion for the Orioles known both on and off the field."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earl Sidney Weaver (August 14, 1930 \u2013 January 19, 2013) was an American professional baseball manager, author, and television broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Earl was well known for being one of the game's most colorful characters with a memorable wit, but he was also amongst its most loyal."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "\"Orioles managing partner Peter Angelos added: \"Earl Weaver stands alone as the greatest manager in the history of the Orioles organization and one of the greatest in the history of baseball ... This is a sad day for everyone who knew him and for all Orioles fans."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "On September 15, 1977, in Toronto, Weaver asked Springstead to have a tarpaulin covering the Toronto Blue Jays bullpen area removed; the tarp was weighted down by bricks and Earl argued his left fielder could be injured if he ran into the bricks while chasing a foul ball."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Upon Weaver's death, Bud Selig, commissioner of Major League Baseball, released the following statement: \"Earl Weaver was a brilliant baseball man, a true tactician in the dugout and one of the key figures in the rich history of the Baltimore Orioles, the club he led to four American League pennants and the 1970 World Series championship ... Having known Earl throughout my entire career in the game, I have many fond memories of the Orioles and the Brewers squaring off as American League East rivals."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer, who battled with his manager on a regular basis, once noted: \"The only thing that Earl knows about a curve ball is he couldn't hit it.\" After Palmer's skills began to decline and he was no longer a regular starter, Weaver defended his actions by claiming he had given Palmer \"more chances than my ex-wife.\" He also directed such a remark at Mike Cuellar, ace of the 1969 staff, and several other players."}, {"section_header": "In media", "text": "Weaver wrote three books: Winning! (1972), Weaver on Strategy (1984), and It's What You Learn"}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "After playing for Beaumont High School in his hometown, St. Louis, Missouri, the 17-year-old Weaver was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1948 as a second baseman."}], "text": "Earl Weaver was a Missourian.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Earl Weaver"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Original members Levine, Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school."}], "id": "RyUP0PNLzKxO3c1zXuUn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "As Maroon 5 continued to work on their fourth studio album Overexposed, which was released on June 26, 2012."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "hit single \"Call Me Maybe\" for most number of weeks in the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 2012.At the start of their Overexposed Tour in South America, Maroon 5 introduced the newest addition in the band to the audience: their old and close friend Sam Farrar on guitars, occasionally on the bass guitar, percussion, additional keyboards, backing vocals and providing samples and other special effects (using the MPC)."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "In July 2012, Maroon 5 began to work for the upcoming fifth studio album, after the commercial success of Overexposed and on October 10, 2012, Jesse Carmichael confirmed that he would be returning to the band after they complete their Overexposed Tour (just 3 days later, the first part of the tour ended on October 13, 2012, in Sydney, Australia)."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Berkman encouraged Diener and Boxenbaum to fly out to Los Angeles to watch a showcase gig at The Viper Room for the four-piece Kara's Flowers."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "On his joining the band, Valentine commented: \"I became friends with them and we sort of started jamming together, it was very much like I was cheating on my band, we were having sort of an affair"}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "Levine stated that Overexposed is their \"most diverse and poppiest album yet\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "On November 8, 2012, Maroon 5 performed \"Daylight\", the third single of the album was debuted on The Voice."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "Maroon 5 released the fourth and final single from the album \" Love Somebody\", on May 14, 2013."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "On April 16, Maroon 5 premiered the first single from the album \"Payphone\", featuring Wiz Khalifa, on the reality competition"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Original members Levine, Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school."}], "text": "Maroon 5 started out as Overexposed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}], "id": "S3Cu34V1dWoAFuYNf6tY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "More practical help and support in bringing up the child is provided by Dolly Winthrop, a kindly neighbour of Marner's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Edison Company, USA; 24 October 1913) with William Langdon West in the title role. Silas Marner ("}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is the third novel by George Eliot, published in 1861."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The composer John Joubert wrote an opera Silas Marner based on the novel in 1961."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Le No\u00ebl de Silas Marner (Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, France; November 1912) (UK; 27 November 1912; as Silas Marner's Christmas)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Associated Exhibitors, USA; May 1922) (UK; 25 January 1926) with Crauford Kent in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Bruce K Martin has discussed Eliot's use of Godfrey Cass as \"both parallel and foil\" to Silas Marner in the structure of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Kate E Brown has discussed overarching themes of time and temporality, with respect to the interlocked stories of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner."}], "text": "There is more than 4 movies of Silas Marner.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Silas Marner"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Their relationship develops, and she moves in with him, becoming his model, muse, and lover."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1950s London, it stars Day-Lewis as an haute couture dressmaker who takes a young waitress, played by Krieps as his muse."}], "id": "S4swBcj2uw5bTuvThy3u", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "Reynolds Woodcock's obsessive fastidiousness is loosely inspired by English-American fashion designer Charles James."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She acknowledges that while there may be challenges ahead, their love and their new arrangement can overcome them."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As he chews his first bite, she informs him that she wants him weak and vulnerable with only her to take care of him."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"The A.V. Club's A. A. Dowd gave the film an A\u2212, calling it a \"charitable and even poignantly hopeful take on the subject [of being in a relationship with an artist]\" and said that \"in the simple, refined timelessness of its technique, Phantom Thread is practically a love letter to classic aesthetic values\u2014cinematic, sartorial, or otherwise.\" Observer critic Mark Kermode gave the film five stars, describing it as \"a deftly spun yarn,\" and praised Daniel Day-Lewis' performance, calling his role as a \"perfect fit [in a] beautifully realised tale of 50s haute couture."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in 1950s London, it stars Day-Lewis as an haute couture dressmaker who takes a young waitress, played by Krieps as his muse."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They begin to bicker. When Alma tries to show her love for Reynolds by preparing a romantic dinner for two, he lashes out, saying he will not tolerate deviations from the routines he has worked hard to perfect."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Woodcock drives a maroon Bristol 405 in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming also took place at the Grandhotel Giessbach, Brienz, Switzerland, Lake Brienz and Brienzer Rothorn."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The New Year's Eve party was filmed at the Blackpool Tower ballroom with approximately 500 supporting artistes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Filming also took place in 2017 at Owlpen Manor in the Cotswolds and in the London neighborhood of Fitzrovia, in Fitzroy Square, and Grafton Mews."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Their relationship develops, and she moves in with him, becoming his model, muse, and lover."}], "text": "The film Phantom Thread is about a man whom loves to sculpt taking a woman as his primary inspiration for his medium of art.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Phantom Thread"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}], "id": "S8Kj8lJELD0okQQFAPoh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "It was in Boston that Mike became \"King\" Kelly, although he was still overwhelmingly referred to as \"Mike\" or \"The Only\" in contemporaneous reporting."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kelly also became a vaudeville performer during his playing career, first performing in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball poem \"Casey at the Bat\", sometimes butchering it."}, {"section_header": "Controversy and cheating", "text": "Apparently referring to Kelly's ability to distract opposing fielders, Anson said, \"Many a run has been scored through Kelly's trickiness."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "The song, \"Slide, Kelly, Slide\" was America's first \"pop hit\" record, after its release by Edison Studios, and in 1927 inspired a film version of Slide, Kelly, Slide."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "Kelly is also considered to have been the first man to popularize autographing, as fans pursued him on his way to the ballpark for his signature in the 1890s."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kelly was born in Troy, New York  to Michael Kelly Sr."}, {"section_header": "Casey at the Bat", "text": "Cap Anson 2, the definitive biography of Kelly, states that it did not find Kelly claiming to have been the poem's author."}, {"section_header": "Controversy and cheating", "text": "by J. W. Kelly, of no relation] was written."}, {"section_header": "Controversy and cheating", "text": "As cited in Rosenberg's definitive biography of Kelly, Cap Anson 2 (2004), a former teammate of Kelly, Charlie Bennett, said the following after Kelly's death in 1894: Supposedly, Kelly was not in the game when an opposing batter hit a foul fly."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "After the 1886 season Spalding sold Kelly to the Boston Beaneaters for a then-record $10,000 (equivalent to $284,556 in 2019), after Kelly balked at returning to the club."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}], "text": "Kelly was sometimes referred to as \"Big Money\".", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Chief among the rehabilitators has been Simon Keynes, who has often argued that our poor impression of \u00c6thelred is almost entirely based upon after-the-fact accounts of, and later accretions to, the narrative of events during \u00c6thelred's long and complex reign."}], "id": "SByQgiZgROGw91EEo0po", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Invasion of 1013", "text": "Then the king sent his son Edward hither with his messengers and bade them greet all his people and said that he would be a gracious (hold) lord to them, and reform all the things which they hated; and all the things which had been said and done against him should be forgiven on condition that they all unanimously turned to him (to him gecyrdon) without treachery."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Renewed Danish raids", "text": "There was later an attempted attack in the south of Devon, though the English mounted a successful defence at Exeter."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Numerous legends and anecdotes have sprung up to explain his shortcomings, often elaborating abusively on his character and failures."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Invasion of 1013", "text": "It was only the people of the Kingdom of Lindsey (modern North Lincolnshire) who supported Cnut."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Invasion of 1013", "text": "He was required to declare his loyalty to them, to bring in reforms regarding everything that they disliked and to forgive all that had been said and done against him in his previous reign."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "According to one chronicler, the coronation of \u00c6thelred took place with much rejoicing by the councillors of the English people."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Renewed Danish raids", "text": "Indeed, in some cases it \"may have seemed the best available way of protecting the people against loss of life, shelter, livestock and crops."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Battle of Maldon", "text": "The battle that followed between English and Danes is immortalised by the Old English poem The Battle of Maldon, which describes the doomed but heroic attempt of Byrhtnoth to defend the coast of Essex against overwhelming odds."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Origin of the jury", "text": "Wormald has gone as far as to present evidence suggesting that the English practice outlined in \u00c6thelred's Wantage code is at least as old as, if not older than, 975, and ultimately traces it back to a Carolingian model (something Brunner had done)."}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "Though the failures of his government will always put \u00c6thelred's reign in the shadow of the reigns of kings Edgar, \u00c6thelstan, and Alfred, historians' current impression of \u00c6thelred's personal character is certainly not as unflattering as it once was: \"\u00c6thelred's misfortune as a ruler was owed not so much to any supposed defects of his imagined character, as to a combination of circumstances which anyone would have found difficult to control.\" \"[A] youth of graceful manners, handsome countenance and fine person...\" as well as \"[A] tall, handsome man, elegant in manners, beautiful in countenance and interesting in his deportment.\" \u00c6thelred married first \u00c6lfgifu, daughter of Thored, earl of Northumbria, in about 985."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Chief among the rehabilitators has been Simon Keynes, who has often argued that our poor impression of \u00c6thelred is almost entirely based upon after-the-fact accounts of, and later accretions to, the narrative of events during \u00c6thelred's long and complex reign."}], "text": "The attempt to reinstate AEthelred the Unready's character has been done by various people.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "AEthelred the Unready"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Frustrated with learning and the limits to his knowledge, power, and enjoyment of life, he attracts the attention of the Devil (represented by Mephistopheles), who makes a bet with Faust that he will be able to satisfy him; a notion that Faust is incredibly reluctant towards, as he believes this happy zenith will never come."}], "id": "SHt2pkFfwQEJF4SR5iRp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "The second part begins with the spirits of the earth forgiving Faust (and the rest of mankind) and progresses into allegorical poetry."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | La Beaut\u00e9 du diable (The Beauty of the Devil)", "text": "Directed by Ren\u00e9 Clair, 1950 \u2013 A somewhat comedic adaptation with Michel Simon as Mephistopheles/Faust as old man, and G\u00e9rard Philipe as Faust transformed into a young man."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Frustrated with learning and the limits to his knowledge, power, and enjoyment of life, he attracts the attention of the Devil (represented by Mephistopheles), who makes a bet with Faust that he will be able to satisfy him; a notion that Faust is incredibly reluctant towards, as he believes this happy zenith will never come."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Marlowe's Doctor Faustus", "text": "Marlowe also borrowed from John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, on the exchanges between Pope Adrian VI and a rival pope."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroads, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Phantom of the Paradise", "text": "- A vain rock impresario, who has sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for eternal youth, corrupts and destroys a brilliant but unsuccessful songwriter and a beautiful ingenue."}, {"section_header": "Cinematic adaptations | Murnau's Faust", "text": "Similarities to Goethe's Faust include the classic tale of a man who sold his soul to the Devil, the same Mephisto wagering with an angel to corrupt the soul of Faust, the plague sent by Mephisto on Faust's small town, and the familiar cliffhanger with Faust unable to find a cure for The Plague, and therefore turning to Mephisto, renouncing God, the angel, and science alike."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Ben\u00e9t's The Devil and Daniel Webster", "text": "Benet's version of the story centers on a New Hampshire farmer by the name of Jabez Stone who, plagued with unending bad luck, is approached by the devil under the name of Mr. Scratch who offers him seven years of prosperity in exchange for his soul."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "This is a significant difference between Goethe's \"Faust\" and Marlowe's; Faust is not the one who suggests the wager."}, {"section_header": "Literary adaptations | Goethe's Faust", "text": "Part one of the story ends in tragedy for Faust, as Gretchen is saved but Faust is left to grieve in shame."}], "text": "Faust is about a man that exchange his spirit for intelligence and enjoyment.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Faust"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Characters", "text": "He found it difficult to write about romance, but emphasized it more in Part II of the manga, beginning with volume 28."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "When Hinata first appeared, Kishimoto thought of expanding romantic plotlines."}], "id": "SKiPAZMg26IUnmL5jG7k", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "Javier Lugo, writing for Manga Life, agreed, describing the artwork as \"dramatic, exciting, and just right for the story"}, {"section_header": "Production | Characters", "text": "When he created Naruto, Kishimoto looked to other sh\u014dnen manga as influences for his work and tried to make his characters unique, while basing the story on Japanese culture."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Part I", "text": "The story takes a turn when Sasuke leaves the Konoha village and when Tsunade finds out, she sends a group of ninja, including Naruto, to retrieve Sasuke, but Naruto is unable to persuade or force him to come back."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story of Naruto continues with Naruto's son, Boruto Uzumaki, in Boruto: Naruto"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Naruto has been described by several critics as a coming-of-age story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story is told in two parts \u2013 the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Omote Tomoyuki points out that there are many comic moments in the story despite the difficulties Naruto finds himself in, but the comic elements diminish dramatically over time as Naruto grows into a teenager, particularly once Part II begins."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Psychologist Lawrence C. Rubin suggests that the storylines would appeal to readers of any age who have lost loved ones, or are having difficulty finding friends, or who are in other situations shown in the series."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Despite the positive feedback it received in a readers' poll, Kishimoto was unhappy with the art and the story, so he rewrote it as a story about ninjas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village."}, {"section_header": "Production | Characters", "text": "He found it difficult to write about romance, but emphasized it more in Part II of the manga, beginning with volume 28."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conclusion", "text": "When Hinata first appeared, Kishimoto thought of expanding romantic plotlines."}], "text": "There is not a love story in Part I of the manga Naruto.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Tarantino has said that the film's opening scene, in which Landa interrogates the French dairy farmer, is his \"favourite thing\" he's \"ever written\"."}], "id": "SL9MAf6fxQC6fqTk828R", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "The role ultimately went to Austrian Christoph Waltz who, according to Tarantino, \"gave me my movie\" as he feared the part was \"unplayable\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "He directed Death Proof (2007), part of the double feature Grindhouse, before returning to work on Inglourious Basterds."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "War\". Tarantino planned to begin production in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "He further commented on Late Show with David Letterman that Inglourious Basterds is a \"Quentin Tarantino spelling\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Tarantino has said that the film's opening scene, in which Landa interrogates the French dairy farmer, is his \"favourite thing\" he's \"ever written\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "He argues that the power of film lies in its ability to impart knowledge and subtle understanding, but Inglourious Basterds serves more as an \"alternative to reality, a magical and Manichaean world where we needn't worry about the complexities of morality, where violence solves everything, and where the Third Reich is always just a film reel and a lit match away from cartoonish defeat\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "By 2002, Tarantino found Inglourious Basterds to be a bigger film than planned and saw that other directors were working on World War II films."}], "text": "Quinton Tarantino likes the beginning of Inglourious Basterds more than any other part of a movie that he's ever made.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail resigned as president of the Dodgers on September 23, 1942, to accept a commission in the United States Army."}], "id": "SNnLD4TAraMjHxqitLnS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Another, Drew MacPhail, is a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers' front office."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Several of MacPhail's family members have become sports executives."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He held the position for thirteen months, until he was removed from the position and barred entirely from the track; he was accused of \"using profanity to three horse owners\" and \"charged with being drunk and disorderly."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Since 1966, Minor League Baseball has annually awarded the Larry MacPhail Award to recognize the top promotional effort by a minor league team."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was pivotal in the development of pioneering sportscaster Red Barber, who announced Reds and Dodgers games for MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was planning to board the same train at that stop."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "MacPhail was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail resigned as president of the Dodgers on September 23, 1942, to accept a commission in the United States Army."}], "text": "Larry MacPhail was part of the Normandy Invasion was a member of the US Navy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "The literal subject of the Song of Songs is love and sexual longing between a man and a woman, and it has little (or nothing) to say about the relationship of God and man; in order to find such a meaning it was necessary to resort to allegory, treating the love that the Song celebrates as an analogy for the love between God and Church."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0160\u00eer Ha\u0161\u00eer\u00eem, Greek and Ancient Greek: \u1f0e\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, romanized: \u00c2sma \u0100sm\u00e1t\u014dn; Latin: Canticum Cantic\u014drum), is one of the megillot (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim (or \"Writings\"), and a book of the Old Testament."}], "id": "SOp7MgTlmIUuXjSNHLTm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "\"It is one of the overtly mystical Biblical texts for the Kabbalah, which gave esoteric interpretation on all the Hebrew Bible."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated presents a series of paintings that visualize the book."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b4\u05bc\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Subject of the Song I Hate Heaven by The Residents, which is featured in their bible"}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "In modern times the poem has attracted the attention of feminist biblical critics, with Phyllis Trible's foundational \"Depatriarchalizing in Biblical Interpretation\" treating it as an exemplary text and the Feminist Companion to the Bible series edited by Athalya Brenner and Carole Fontaine devoting to it two volumes (1993, 2000)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Eliza Gilkyson's \"Rose of Sharon\" on her album \"Your town tonight\" is based on her reading of Song of Songs in a hotel room Gideon Bible, as explained in her intro to the song."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "Over the centuries the emphases of interpretation shifted, first reading the Song as a depiction of the love between Christ and Church, the 11th century adding a moral element, and the 12th century understanding of the Bride as the Virgin Mary, with each new reading absorbing rather than simply replacing earlier ones, so that the commentary became ever more complex."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity", "text": "The literal subject of the Song of Songs is love and sexual longing between a man and a woman, and it has little (or nothing) to say about the relationship of God and man; in order to find such a meaning it was necessary to resort to allegory, treating the love that the Song celebrates as an analogy for the love between God and Church."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The chorus of Stephen Duffy's 1985 song \"Kiss Me\" was based on the comparison of wine to love in Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0160\u00eer Ha\u0161\u00eer\u00eem, Greek and Ancient Greek: \u1f0e\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, romanized: \u00c2sma \u0100sm\u00e1t\u014dn; Latin: Canticum Cantic\u014drum), is one of the megillot (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim (or \"Writings\"), and a book of the Old Testament."}], "text": "\"The Song of Solomon\" is a television series on Hulu about a love story in the Hebrew bible.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "and his wife Catharine, both Irish immigrants."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}], "id": "SRWNjUHsssE40OQAPoic", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "He was billed as \"King Kelly, the Monarch of the Baseball Field.\" His trousers and shirt collar were too big and he buttoned his jacket wrong."}, {"section_header": "Casey at the Bat", "text": "Arguably the best big league candidate is Kelly, the most colorful, top player of the day of Irish ancestry."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first written by a baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "Floyd was arguably the first player agent in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Casey at the Bat", "text": "A \"best guess\" is to take Thayer at his word that he chose the name \"Casey\" after a non-player of Irish ancestry he once knew."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "It was in Boston that Mike became \"King\" Kelly, although he was still overwhelmingly referred to as \"Mike\" or \"The Only\" in contemporaneous reporting."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Kelly's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888, the first autobiography by a baseball player; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. \"Jack\" Drohan."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "and his wife Catharine, both Irish immigrants."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "\"Nothing is Too Good for the Irish\" and \"Poor Mick.\"George"}], "text": "King Kelly was a baseball player and of Irish descent.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals)."}], "id": "STGkFR5sj3usbMjiN0ed", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2005\u20132016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River | The Endless River (2014) and Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets", "text": "The band includes Gary Kemp of Spandau Ballet and longtime Pink Floyd collaborator Guy Pratt."}, {"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | Wish You Were Here (1975)", "text": "Initially, they found it difficult to compose new material; the success of The Dark Side of the Moon had left Pink Floyd physically and emotionally drained."}, {"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | Ummagumma (1969), Atom Heart Mother (1970), and Meddle (1971)", "text": "However, Melody Maker's Michael Watts found it underwhelming, calling the album \"a soundtrack to a non-existent movie\", and shrugging off Pink Floyd as \"so much sound and fury, signifying nothing\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals)."}, {"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | Wish You Were Here (1975)", "text": "Wright later described these early sessions as \"falling within a difficult period\" and Waters found them \"tortuous\"."}, {"section_header": "Lyrical themes | Alienation, war, and insanity", "text": "Allusions to the alienation of man's species being can be found in Animals; the \"Dog\" reduced to living instinctively as a non-human."}, {"section_header": "History | 2005\u20132016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River | Live 8 reunion", "text": "At the beginning of their performance of \"Wish You Were Here\", Waters told the audience: \"[It is] quite emotional, standing up here with these three guys after all these years, standing to be counted with the rest of you ... we're doing this for everyone who's not here, and particularly of course for Syd."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"Pink Floyd have won several awards."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | Waters' departure and legal battles", "text": "He went to the High Court in an effort to dissolve the band and prevent the use of the Pink Floyd name, declaring Pink Floyd \"a spent force"}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "Pink Floyd used the puppets during their performances."}], "text": "Pink Floyd was founded by 4 guys.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Pink Floyd"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "id": "SdQnjGdRneTP6SbC9gMl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor)."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 ("}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the M\u00e4rkisches Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}], "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was built on the orders of king Fredrick William II.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays by Terence Rattigan, both taking place in the Beauregard Private Hotel, Bournemouth, on the south coast of England."}], "id": "SdiG91KrLtNLPbL5zYDS", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Productions", "text": "Separate Tables was presented at The Music Box in  New York on 25 October 1956."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays by Terence Rattigan, both taking place in the Beauregard Private Hotel, Bournemouth, on the south coast of England."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "Patricia RayneThe play was directed by Peter Glenville, with sets by Michael Weight."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The second play, Table Number Seven, is set about 18 months after the events of the previous play, and deals with the touching friendship between a repressed spinster and Major Pollock, a kindly but bogus man posing as an upper-class retired army officer."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "After an out-of-town tryout in Manchester, Separate Tables had its premiere at the St James's Theatre in London on 22 September 1954, with the following cast: Mrs Shankland and Miss Railton-Bell \u2013 Margaret Leighton Mr Martin and Major Pollock \u2013 Eric Portman"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The first play, titled Table by the Window, focuses on the troubled relationship between a disgraced Labour politician and his ex-wife."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "In Table by the Window, Martin, a once-rising politician, now turned to drink, is dining with his ex-wife, whom he was sent to prison for beating."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "In Table Number Seven, Major Pollock tries to conceal from his fellow guests a report in the local newspaper of his sexual harassment of women at a local cinema."}], "text": "Separate Tables is set in the Southern coastline of Britain.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Separate Tables"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After he retired as a player, Doerr served as a scout and a coach; he worked with Carl Yastrzemski before his Triple Crown season."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the last living person who played in the major leagues in the 1930s, and was the oldest of only three living people who made their MLB debut before U.S. involvement in World War II (the other two being Chuck Stevens and Fred Caligiuri)."}], "id": "SlSkum8HUQfvWmiWrdUn", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "MLB playing career | All-Star seasons and the World Series", "text": "The Sporting News named him Most Valuable Player for the American League (AL), although he finished only seventh in Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award voting for the AL."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robert Pershing Doerr (April 7, 1918 \u2013 November 13, 2017) was an American professional baseball second baseman and coach."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After he retired as a player, Doerr served as a scout and a coach; he worked with Carl Yastrzemski before his Triple Crown season."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Final years as a player", "text": "Doerr appeared in only 106 games in 1951 and he retired that September after suffering from a spinal problem for two years."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "Upon the death of former New York Yankees executive and American League president Lee MacPhail in November 2012, Doerr became the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "\"On August 2, 2007, the Red Sox held \"Bobby Doerr Day\" at Fenway Park where he rode along the warning track in a car, threw out the first pitch, and gave a speech."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "After spending a few years as a cattle rancher in Oregon, Doerr returned to baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "His jersey number 1 was retired by the Red Sox on May 21, 1988."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Reflecting on being inducted into the Hall of Fame and having his number retired by the Red Sox, Doerr said, \"If I had played on a world champion, that would have made my life complete."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the last living person who played in the major leagues in the 1930s, and was the oldest of only three living people who made their MLB debut before U.S. involvement in World War II (the other two being Chuck Stevens and Fred Caligiuri)."}], "text": "American baseball player Bobby Doerr is retired.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}], "id": "SmtjuNjNxVPTpsQqN47U", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Eat that for me', I ordered, and he knelt down and ate it\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Puyi came to Beijing on 9 December 1959 with special permission from Mao Zedong and lived for the next six months in an ordinary Beijing residence with his sister before being transferred to a government-sponsored hotel."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Jin Yuan, the man who had \"remodelled\" Puyi in the 1950s, fell victim to the Red Guard and became a prisoner in Fushun for several years, while Li Wenda, who had ghostwritten From Emperor to Citizen, spent seven years in solitary confinement."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "During Puyi's coronation in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on 2 December 1908, the young emperor was carried onto the Dragon Throne by his father."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The Xianfeng Emperor was succeeded by his only son, who became the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861\u20131875).The Tongzhi Emperor died at the age of 18 without a son, and was succeeded by the Guangxu Emperor (r. 1875\u20131908), son of 1st Prince Chun and Lady Yehe Nara Wanzhen (younger sister of Empress Dowager Cixi)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "-0-9680459-5-4 Li Shuxian (2006) [1984]."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department", "text": "They waited on me when I ate, dressed and slept; they accompanied me on my walks and to my lessons; they told me stories; and had rewards and beatings from me, but they never left my presence."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "But Puyi had aged and his health began to decline."}], "text": "Puyi became emperor at the age of 5 years and 10 months in December 1905.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Katherine charms the Brookfield teachers and headmaster, and quickly wins the favour of Brookfield's pupils."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "His views broaden, and his pedagogical manner loosens, after he marries Katherine, a young woman whom he meets on holiday in the Lake District."}], "id": "SnDX9k6d2P5IAgOJLxj6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre", "text": "Barbara Burnham adapted the book for a stage production in three acts, which was first performed at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 23 September 1938, with Leslie Banks as Mr. Chips and Constance Cummings as his wife Katherine."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Like Mr. Chips, Balgarnie was a strict disciplinarian, but would also invite boys to visit him for tea and biscuits."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Early in the novel, Anderson briefly reminisces about attending Brookfield and knowing \"Chips\"."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Katherine charms the Brookfield teachers and headmaster, and quickly wins the favour of Brookfield's pupils."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "His views broaden, and his pedagogical manner loosens, after he marries Katherine, a young woman whom he meets on holiday in the Lake District."}], "text": "Mr. Chips' wife in the novel Goodbye, Mr. Chips was disliked by his students.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted the media's attention."}], "id": "SpviC2WIhz8O586Bl6w6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In January 2012, there was a protest by workers about conditions in Wuhan, with 150 workers threatening to commit mass suicide if factory conditions were not improved."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted the media's attention."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "In January 2012, about 150 Foxconn employees threatened to commit mass-suicide in protest of their working conditions."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "Among the first cases to attract attention in the press was the death of Sun Danyong, a 25-year-old man who committed suicide in July 2009 after reporting the loss of an iPhone 4 prototype in his possession."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which 14 people died in 2010, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at the base of buildings in some facilities and promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In January 2018, another suicide was reported by a factory worker, after 31-year old Li Ming jumped to his death off a building in Zhengzhou, where the iPhone X was being manufactured."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In 2011, Foxconn also hired the PR firm Burson-Marsteller to help deal with the negative publicity from the suicides."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "There was also a series of suicides which were linked to low pay in 2010."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "One worker said the protest resulted from 600 workers being moved into a new \"unbearable\" factory location."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Suicides", "text": "In 2012 and into 2013, three young Foxconn employees were reported to have died by jumping off buildings."}], "text": "Foxconn workers often commit suicide.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Foxconn"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "When you put that in print it says, 'McCartney in London today when asked for a comment on his dead friend said, \"It's a drag\".'"}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "It seemed a very flippant comment to make.\" He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder, and his last conversation with Lennon: I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed, and the first thing she said was, \"John was really fond of you."}], "id": "Sq1UCDTLnMHesfaJO36V", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr", "text": "On 26 January 2014, McCartney and Starr performed \"Queenie Eye\" from McCartney's new album New at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman", "text": "\"They had four children\u2014Linda's daughter Heather (legally adopted by Paul), Mary, Stella and James\u2014and remained married until Linda's death from breast cancer at age 56 in 1998."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "The press quickly criticised him for what appeared to be a superficial response."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | George Harrison", "text": "Harrison's death in November 2001"}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "On 9 December 1980, McCartney followed the news that Lennon had been murdered the previous night; Lennon's death created a media frenzy around the surviving members of the band."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "The band included Wings along with Pete Townshend, David Gilmour, Gary Brooker, John Paul Jones, John Bonham and others."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "McCartney largely directed the film, which brought the group their first unfavourable critical response."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Nancy Shevell", "text": "The wedding was a modest event attended by a group of about 30 relatives and friends."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1982\u20131990", "text": "McCartney then formed a band consisting of himself and Linda, with Hamish Stuart and Robbie McIntosh on guitars, Paul \"Wix\" Wickens on keyboards and Chris Whitten on drums."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "In 1997, he said that Lennon's death made the remaining ex-Beatles nervous that they might also be murdered."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "When you put that in print it says, 'McCartney in London today when asked for a comment on his dead friend said, \"It's a drag\".'"}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder", "text": "It seemed a very flippant comment to make.\" He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder, and his last conversation with Lennon: I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed, and the first thing she said was, \"John was really fond of you."}], "text": "Paul McCartney's response to his friend and band mate's death was, in his eyes, misconstrued.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black Hawk and other leaders escaped, but later surrendered and were imprisoned for a year."}], "id": "SqfMIRGhhO3oJYsCVsGY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}, {"section_header": "Initial diplomacy", "text": "Black Hawk rejected the messages advising him to turn back."}, {"section_header": "Black Hawk's return", "text": "As the British Band moved into Illinois, American officials urged Wabokieshiek to advise Black Hawk to turn back."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "Black Hawk, a war captain who had fought against the United States in the War of 1812 and was now in his 60s, emerged as the leader of this faction in 1829."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "According to Black Hawk, the \"whites were in the habit of saying one thing to the Indians and putting another thing down on paper.\" Black Hawk was determined to hold onto Saukenuk, a village at the confluence of the Rock River with the Mississippi, where he lived and had been born."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "Black Hawk had actually signed a treaty in May 1816 that affirmed the disputed 1804 land cession, but he insisted that what had been written down was different from what had been spoken at the treaty conference."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "On June 30, Black Hawk, Quashquame, and other Sauk leaders met with Gaines and signed an agreement in which the Sauks promised to remain west of the Mississippi and to break off further contact with the British in Canada."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Black Hawk's imprisonment and legacy", "text": "By war's end, Black Hawk and nineteen other leaders of the British Band were incarcerated at Jefferson Barracks."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Estimates of how many members of the British Band died during the conflict range from about 450 to 600, or about half of the 1,100 people who entered Illinois with Black Hawk in 1832.A number of American men with political ambitions fought in the Black Hawk War."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black Hawk and other leaders escaped, but later surrendered and were imprisoned for a year."}], "text": "Sauk leader, Black Hawk didn't back down in the Black Hawk War and died rather than give into the militia.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}], "id": "St643ZUNxmyDLjvWtgxo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architecture | Facade and porch", "text": "The porch is located at the top of the facade."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque was built on top of the Temple Mount, known as the Al Aqsa Compound or Haram esh-Sharif in Islam."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The mosque is located in close proximity to historical sites significant in Judaism and Christianity, most notably the site of the Second Temple, the holiest site in Judaism."}, {"section_header": "Current situations | Excavations", "text": "This site was 60 meters (200 ft) away from the mosque."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "Name of Fatimid Imam is clearly visible in end part of the first line of inscription and continued in second line."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | First qibla", "text": "Thus, according to this tradition, Umar thereby reconsecrated the site as a mosque."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "However, remains identified as those of the Nea Church were uncovered in the south part of the Jewish Quarter in 1973.Analysis of the wooden beams and panels removed from the mosque during renovations in the 1930s shows they are made from Cedar of Lebanon and cypress."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Dome", "text": "Beneath the dome is the Al-Qibli Chapel (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u200e al-Musalla al-Qibli); also known as al-Jami' al-Qibli Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064a\u200e, a Muslim prayer hall, located in the southern part of the mosque."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "How much he modified the aspect of the earlier building is unknown, but the length of the new building is indicated by the existence of traces of a bridge leading from the Umayyad palace just south of the western part of the complex."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque is part of the top 10 venerated sites in Sikhism.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation."}], "id": "T5GskwPOhI4QK83T5PZN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "The 1565\u201373 Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini (Examination of the Council of Trent) by Martin Chemnitz was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "Out of 87 books written between 1546 and 1564 attacking the Council of Trent, 41 were written by Pier Paolo Vergerio, a former papal nuncio turned Protestant Reformer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "Unity failed between Catholic and Protestant representatives \"because of different concepts of Church and justification\"."}, {"section_header": "Background information | A general, free council in Germany", "text": "Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "In response, Andrada wrote the five-part Defensio Tridentin\u00e6 fidei, which was published posthumously in 1578."}, {"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "Making extensive use of scripture and patristic sources, it was presented in response to a polemical writing which Diogo de Payva de Andrada had directed against Chemnitz."}, {"section_header": "Objectives and overall results", "text": "This object had been one of the causes calling forth the reformatory councils and had been lightly touched upon by the Fifth Council of the Lateran under Pope Julius II."}, {"section_header": "Objectives and overall results", "text": "Other Catholic practices that drew the ire of reformers within the Church, such as indulgences, pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed, though abuses of them were forbidden."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation."}], "text": "The Council of Trent is a response to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic Church and another similar council would not be called for 300 years.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Council of Trent"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}], "id": "T7PLmzLDxErVAXs3EILJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "Upon the death of former New York Yankees executive and American League president Lee MacPhail in November 2012, Doerr became the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He made annual trips to the Hall of Fame induction at Cooperstown, New York until 2008, after which he stopped attending."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "\"On August 2, 2007, the Red Sox held \"Bobby Doerr Day\" at Fenway Park where he rode along the warning track in a car, threw out the first pitch, and gave a speech."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "He was hired as the first base coach for the Red Sox in 1967 under new manager Dick Williams."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | All-Star seasons and the World Series", "text": "The Sporting News named him Most Valuable Player for the American League (AL), although he finished only seventh in Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award voting for the AL."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Doerr played in 175 games for San Diego that year, batting .342."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Career totals", "text": "Doerr held the major league record for career"}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Career totals", "text": "Regarded as one of the top defensive second basemen of his era, Doerr led AL second basemen in double plays five times, tying a league record, in putouts and fielding percentage four times each, and in assists three times."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "Doerr led the league with 22 sacrifice hits in 1938."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Final years as a player", "text": "At the start of the 1950 season, Doerr was in a slump; he was only batting"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}], "text": "Bobby Doerr did not ever play for the New York Yankees.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}], "id": "TAda8IeKHGu9aQeFDMOW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Church career | Priest and Monsignor", "text": "I of Austria regarding Italy."}, {"section_header": "Church career | Reichskonkordat and Mit brennender Sorge", "text": "There he also negotiated a concordat with Austria in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Funeral", "text": "Romans mourned \"their\" pope, who was born in their own city, especially as a hero in the time of war."}, {"section_header": "Church career | Cardinal Secretary of State and Camerlengo", "text": "Others followed: Austria (1933), Germany (1933), Yugoslavia (1935) and Portugal (1940)."}, {"section_header": "Church career | Priest and Monsignor", "text": "At this time Serbia, encouraged by Russia, was challenging Austria-Hungary's sphere of influence throughout the Balkans."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}, {"section_header": "Church career | Priest and Monsignor", "text": "On 24 June 1914, just four days before Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, Pacelli, together with Cardinal Merry del Val, represented the Vatican when the Serbian Concordat was signed."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe d\u0292o\u02c8vanni pa\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 2 March 1876 \u2013 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died."}], "text": "Pope Pius XII was born in Austria.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Pius XII"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "The MGM Art Department produced more than 15,000 sketches and drawings of costumes, sets, props, and other items needed for the film (8,000 alone for the costumes); photostatted each item; and cross-referenced and catalogued them for use by the production design team and fabricators."}], "id": "TBtTZNpRQzMslPuRxWli", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Production design", "text": "Costume designer Elizabeth Haffenden oversaw a staff of 100 wardrobe fabricators who began manufacturing the costumes for the film a year before filming began."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Costume designer Elizabeth Haffenden oversaw a staff of 100 wardrobe fabricators to make the costumes, and a workshop employing 200 artists and workmen provided the hundreds of friezes and statues needed in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "The MGM Art Department produced more than 15,000 sketches and drawings of costumes, sets, props, and other items needed for the film (8,000 alone for the costumes); photostatted each item; and cross-referenced and catalogued them for use by the production design team and fabricators."}, {"section_header": "Production | Musical score", "text": "R\u00f3zsa himself directed the 100-piece MGM Symphony Orchestra during the 12 recording sessions (which stretched over 72 hours)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Production design", "text": "MGM retained control over the costumes and the artificial lake background, which went back to the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character."}, {"section_header": "Production | Musical score", "text": "Like most film musical soundtracks, it was issued as an album for the public to enjoy as a distinct piece of music."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Ben-Hur appeared at #72 on the 100 Movies, #49 on the 100 Thrills, #21 on the Film Scores, #56 on the 100 Cheers and #2 on the AFI's 10 Top 10 Epic film lists."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "The \"AFI 100 Years ... series\" were created by juries consisting of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics, and historians, with movies selected based on the film's popularity over time, historical significance, and cultural impact."}, {"section_header": "Production | Production design", "text": "The lace for costumes came from France, while costume jewelry was purchased in Switzerland."}], "text": "For the 1959 film Ben-Hur there were over 8,000 sketches for the costumes and 100 wardrobe fabricators to produce the pieces.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}], "id": "TGKxWZ2Y3EYUQSkH8CRZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Some of the changes Joppolo brings into the town include:  Democracy"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Barry Sullivan and Anna Maria Alberghetti were in a 1956 CBS telecast, and John Forsythe played the major in a 1967 Hallmark Hall of Fame broadcast."}], "text": "A Bell for Adano is  a film about a military major who is put in control of the town Adano.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events\u2014and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way."}], "id": "TJR0GG3mpugKvQthm2My", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It made $3.6 million on its first day (including $670,000 from Thursday night previews)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was theatrically released in the United States on August 10, 2018, a day before the first anniversary of the Unite the Right rally."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "While Riley called the craft of the film \"masterful\" and cited Lee as a major influence on his own work, he felt that the film was dishonestly marketed as a true story and criticized its attempts to \"make a cop the protagonist in the fight against racist oppression\", when Black Americans face structural racism \"from the police on a day-to-day basis\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Harry Belafonte appears in the film recounting the lynching of Jesse Washington; according to Lee, he commanded his crew on the day of filming Belafonte's scene to dress to the occasion in suits and dresses to honor Belafonte."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "For IndieWire, David Ehrlich gave the film a grade of \"B+\" and wrote that it is \"far more frightening than it is funny\", and \"packages such weighty and ultra-relevant subjects into the form of a wildly uneven but consistently entertaining night at the movies\".A. O. Scott, writing for The New York Times, saw the film as both political and provocative in opening up discussion on timely subject matter following Charlottesville."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "BlacKkKlansman grossed $49.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $44.1 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $93.4 million, against a production budget of $15 million."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events\u2014and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way."}], "text": "Blackkklansman has no relevance to modern day.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "The crash also resulted in the deaths of her companion Dodi Fayed and the driver, Henri Paul, who was the acting security manager of the H\u00f4tel Ritz Paris."}], "id": "TQu2bGlfq3eYF3Lcn4rP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "On 31 August 1997, Diana died in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris while the driver was fleeing the paparazzi."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "The crash also resulted in the deaths of her companion Dodi Fayed and the driver, Henri Paul, who was the acting security manager of the H\u00f4tel Ritz Paris."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in a Paris tunnel in 1997 and subsequent televised funeral."}, {"section_header": "Death | Tribute, funeral, and burial", "text": "Mother Teresa had died the same week as Diana."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "She is still sometimes referred to in the media as \"Lady Diana Spencer\" or simply as \"Lady Di\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "Legge-Bourke had been hired by the Prince as a young companion for his sons while they were in his care, and the Princess was resentful of Legge-Bourke and her relationship with the young princes."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Style icon", "text": "Her habit of wearing wide-shouldered gowns and lavish fabrics earned her the nickname \"Dynasty Di\"."}, {"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "She took a series of low-paying jobs; she worked as a dance instructor for youth until a skiing accident caused her to miss three months of work."}, {"section_header": "Death | Conspiracy theories, inquest and verdict", "text": "On the day after the final verdict of the inquest, Al-Fayed announced that he would end his 10-year campaign to establish that the tragedy was murder rather than an accident; he said he did so for the sake of the Princess's children."}], "text": "Diana died with her driver and her companion in a car accident in 1997.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "At the end of the novel, the first Fronde comes to an end and Mazarin, Queen Anne, and Louis XIV enter Paris."}], "id": "TS65Vem4pcboC2KL0Clr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "Having determined that d'Artagnan is the man he seeks, Mazarin enters the chambers of the Queen to let her know that he has enlisted the man who had served her so well twenty years earlier."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twenty Years After (French: Vingt ans apr\u00e8s) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, first serialized from January to August 1845."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "After hearing what happened from the dying man, making his excuses to Raoul, he departs to warn Athos about the son of Milady."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "Milady's son, Mordaunt, now twenty-three, reprises his role as one of the chief antagonists, and sets about avenging his mother's death."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "Athos tries to persuade Queen Anne to free his friends, but is imprisoned as well."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "These concessions are later accepted by Queen Anne, who finally realizes she has been rather ungrateful to d'Artagnan and his friends."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "The action begins during the regency of Queen Anne of Austria (term 1643\u20131651), with Cardinal Mazarin as First Minister."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "At the end of the novel, the first Fronde comes to an end and Mazarin, Queen Anne, and Louis XIV enter Paris."}], "text": "Twenty Years After displays the childhood happenings of the British Queen.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Twenty Years After"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "In 1979, Sergio Rapu Haoa and a team of archaeologists discovered that the hemispherical or deep elliptical eye sockets were designed to hold coral eyes with either black obsidian or red scoria pupils."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "The discovery was made by collecting and reassembling broken fragments of white coral that were found at the various sites."}], "id": "TVUFg1wTna7ZXjfqzFD2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "The discovery was made by collecting and reassembling broken fragments of white coral that were found at the various sites."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "In 1979, Sergio Rapu Haoa and a team of archaeologists discovered that the hemispherical or deep elliptical eye sockets were designed to hold coral eyes with either black obsidian or red scoria pupils."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "Subsequently, previously uncategorized finds in the Easter Island museum were re-examined and recategorized as eye fragments."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "It is thought that the moai with carved eye sockets were probably allocated to the ahu and ceremonial sites, suggesting that a selective Rapa Nui hierarchy was attributed to the moai design until its demise with the advent of the Birdman religion, Tangata Manu."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "At least some of the moai were painted; Hoa Hakananai'a was decorated with maroon and white paint until 1868, when it was removed from the island."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Originally, Easter Islanders had a paramount chief or single leader."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The purpose of the project is to understand the figures' original use, context, and meaning, with the results being provided to the Rapa Nui families and the island's public agencies that are responsible for conservation and preservation of the moai."}, {"section_header": "History | Removal", "text": "Annexation with Chile brought new influences, and today there are only a few individuals left with ties to the original population.\" Eleven or more moai have been removed from the island and transported to locations around the world, including six out of the thirteen moai that were carved from basalt."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics", "text": "Easter Island statues are known for their large, broad noses and strong chins, along with rectangle-shaped ears and deep eye slits."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "Today, about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ahus or at museums elsewhere."}], "text": "The Moai originally had big white eyes.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}], "id": "TXy7cCFZbUSUz0vfBlHL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "Popular rock group U2 released an album called Songs of Innocence in 2014, and followed it in 2017 with Songs of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "Popular group Tangerine Dream based their album Tyger on lyrics by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The poet Allen Ginsberg believed the poems were originally intended to be sung, and that through study of the rhyme and metre of the works, a Blakean performance could be approximately replicated."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Blake categorizes our modes of perception that tend to coordinate with a chronology that would become standard in Romanticism: childhood is a state of protected innocence rather than original sin, but not immune to the fallen world and its institutions."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "\"The Little Black Boy\" was set to music in the song \"My Mother Bore Me\" from Maury Yeston's musical Phantom."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "24\", a setting of five poems from Songs of Innocence for solo voice and piano in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "In 1969, he conceived, arranged, directed, sang on, and played piano and harmonium for an album of songs entitled Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake, tuned by Allen Ginsberg (1970).American composer and producer"}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The folk musician Greg Brown recorded sixteen of the poems on his 1987 album Songs of Innocence and of Experience and by Finn Coren in his Blake Project."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}], "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a group of music by various artists.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is supported by four main cables, which descend from the tops of the suspension towers and help support the deck."}], "id": "TeQsQrJKhykNo5DXcRPc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is supported by four main cables, which descend from the tops of the suspension towers and help support the deck."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "The following month, initial contracts were awarded for the suspender wires, which would hang down from the main cables and support the deck."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "Since the 2000s, the main cables have also supported a series of 24-watt LED lighting fixtures, referred to as \"necklace lights\" due to their shape."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "Each side of the bridge contains an anchorage for the main cables."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "All four main cables were being strung by that July."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "By May 1878, the main cables were more than two-thirds complete."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The main span and side spans are supported by a structure containing six trusses running parallel to the roadway, each of which is 33 feet (10 m) deep."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "There were thirty-two drums at the anchorage yard, eight for each of the four main cables."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "In addition, 1,520 galvanized steel wire suspender cables hang downward from the main cables, and another 400 cable stays extend diagonally from the towers."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages both have four anchor plates, one for each of the main cables, which are located near ground level and parallel to the ground."}], "text": "The bridge is supported by 4 main cables.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan nonetheless continued his studies and in 1831 enrolled in the organ classes of Fran\u00e7ois Benoist, from whom he may have learnt to appreciate the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, of whom Benoist was then one of the few French advocates."}], "id": "TeS1rcGFmY9WkPwex29k", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | At the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans (1837\u20131848)", "text": "Alkan gave early piano lessons to Delaborde, who was to follow his natural father as a keyboard virtuoso."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early fame (1831\u20131837)", "text": "In 1832 Alkan took the solo role in his first Concerto da camera for piano and strings at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Music | Style", "text": "Op. 63.Moreover, in terms of structure, Alkan in his compositions sticks to traditional musical forms, although he often took them to extremes, as he did with piano technique."}, {"section_header": "Life | At the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans (1837\u20131848)", "text": "On 23 April 1837 Alkan took part in Liszt's farewell concert in Paris, together with the 14-year-old C\u00e9sar Franck and the virtuoso Johann Peter Pixis."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Antoine Marmontel, one of Charles-Valentin's pupils there, who was later to become his b\u00eate noire, wrote of the school: Young children, mostly Jewish, were given elementary musical instruction and also learnt the first rudiments of French grammar ... [There] I received a few lessons from the young Alkan, four years my senior ... I see once more ... that really parochial environment where the talent of Valentin Alkan was formed and where his hard-working youth blossomed ... It was like a preparatory school, a juvenile annexe of the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to \"a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848\"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan was a child prodigy. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at an unusually early age, and studied both piano and organ."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "17 for organ. Busoni ranked Alkan with Liszt, Chopin, Schumann and Brahms as one of the five greatest composers for the piano since Beethoven."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Alkan was born Charles-Valentin Morhange on 30 November 1813 at 1, Rue de Braque in Paris to Alkan Morhange (1780\u20131855) and Julie Morhange, n\u00e9e Abraham."}, {"section_header": "Life | At the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans (1837\u20131848)", "text": "Between 1844 and 1848 Alkan produced a series of virtuoso pieces, the 25 Pr\u00e9ludes Op. 31 for piano or organ, and the sonata Op."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Alkan nonetheless continued his studies and in 1831 enrolled in the organ classes of Fran\u00e7ois Benoist, from whom he may have learnt to appreciate the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, of whom Benoist was then one of the few French advocates."}], "text": "Valentin Alkan took organ lessons.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Valentin Alkan"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material."}], "id": "TmWkWYuSRAMoDimHZ8nX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The theory of the source of photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Image sensors", "text": "Video camera tubes in the early days of television used the photoelectric effect, for example, Philo Farnsworth's \"Image dissector\" used a screen charged by the photoelectric effect to transform an optical image into a scanned electronic signal."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Mathematical description", "text": "\\displaystyle f>f_{0}}    for the photoelectric effect to occur."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Spacecraft", "text": "The static charge created by the photoelectric effect is self-limiting, because a higher charged object doesn't give up its electrons as easily as a lower charged object does."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Gold-leaf electroscope", "text": "An electroscope is an important tool in illustrating the photoelectric effect."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The number of electrons also changes because of the probability that each photon results in an emitted electron are a function of photon energy."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Three-step model", "text": "In the X-ray regime, the photoelectric effect in crystalline material is often decomposed into three steps: Inner photoelectric effect (see photo diode below)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "According to classical electromagnetic theory, the photoelectric effect can be attributed to the transfer of energy from the light to an electron."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Spacecraft", "text": "The photoelectric effect will cause spacecraft exposed to sunlight to develop a positive charge."}], "text": "Photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Photoelectric effect"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained her first US number-one solo single \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\", which topped the charts in most countries."}], "id": "Tn0sTdF9InRBflNlgRuh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyonc\u00e9 landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's younger sister Solange Knowles is also a singer and a former backup dancer for Destiny's Child."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song \"Killing Time\" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film Men in Black."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award, and she feared no one would take her seriously."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The group released their Multi-Platinum second album"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The album spawned other number-one hits, \"Bootylicious\" and the title track, \"Survivor\", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "In November, the group released their debut single and first major hit, \"No, No, No\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift's"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained her first US number-one solo single \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\", which topped the charts in most countries."}], "text": "Houstonian American singer Beyonc\u00e9 was in the group Destiny's Child until 2006.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}], "id": "TpGivYHWXgr2qTx8xp8h", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "He then went west in search of employment and became treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he worked for and became friendly with George B. McClellan, who later became one of his commanding officers."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Fredericksburg", "text": "Burnside's detractors labeled him the \"Butcher of Fredericksburg\"."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | The Crater", "text": "A court of inquiry later placed the blame for the Crater fiasco on Burnside and his subordinates."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Antietam", "text": "McClellan refused Burnside's requests for reinforcements, and the battle ended in a tactical stalemate."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "In July, his forces were transported north to Newport News, Virginia and became the IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy | Sideburns", "text": "The syllables were later reversed to give sideburns."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "This episode later played a significant role in Porter's court-martial, in which Burnside appeared as a star witness."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Antietam", "text": "This cumbersome arrangement contributed to his slowness in attacking and crossing what is now called Burnside's Bridge on the southern flank of the Union line."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "This began Burnside's political career as a Republican, as he had previously been a Democrat before the war [1]."}], "text": "Burnside's fiance ditched him at the wedding ceremony when he served in the Civil War, and he later became a high-ranking politician", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey's grandson Riley Odoms played 12 seasons for the NFL's Denver Broncos."}], "id": "Tsja1KUMk8JGuMcR4v7a", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey's grandson Riley Odoms played 12 seasons for the NFL's Denver Broncos."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Even in his 40s, Mackey was still an effective player \u2013 he batted .307 in 1945, and appeared in the 1947 All-Star Game at age 50."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "joined the Newark Eagles in 1939, replacing Dick Lundy as manager a year later, and continued his work with young players such as Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Don Newcombe."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "His barnstorming tours included a highly successful trip to Japan in 1927, during which he became the first player to hit a home run out of Meiji Shrine Stadium, doing so in three straight games."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Personality conflicts with Newark owner Effa Manley led to Mackey's departure from play after the 1941 season, but he returned to the field in 1945, and managed the team in 1946 as the Eagles won the Negro League World Series 4 games to 3, again over the Monarchs, who featured pitcher Satchel Paige."}], "text": "Biz Mackey's grandchild was a football player.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay."}], "id": "TsrdDu29aIaKRWBtRm4T", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years", "text": "At around the same time of Devadatta's schism, there was also war between Ajatasattu's Kingdom of Magadha, and Kosala, led by an elderly king Pasenadi."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years", "text": "Due to this, the gurudharma injunctions may have been a way to place \"the newly founded order of nuns in a relationship to its male counterparts that resembles as much as possible the protection a laywoman could expect from her male relatives.\" According to J.S. Strong, after the first 20 years of his teaching career, the Buddha seems to have slowly settled in Sravasti, the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala, spending most of his later years in this city."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Posthumous events", "text": "Centuries later they would be exhumed and enshrined by Ashoka into many new stupas around the Mauryan realm."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years", "text": "In his later years, the Buddha's fame grew and he was invited to important royal events, such as the inauguration of the new council hall of the Shakyans (as seen in MN 53) and the inauguration of a new palace by Prince Bodhi (as depicted in MN 85)."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Earliest sources", "text": "Hin\u00fcber proposes a composition date of no later than 350\u2013320 BCE for this text, which would allow for a \"true historical memory\" of the events approximately 60 years prior if the Short Chronology for the Buddha's lifetime is accepted (but he also points out that such a text was originally intended more as hagiography than as an exact historical record of events).John S. Strong sees certain biographical fragments in the canonical texts preserved in Pali, as well as Chinese, Tibetan and Sanskrit as the earliest material."}, {"section_header": "Biography | First sermon and formation of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "At the end of the rainy season, when the Buddha's community had grown to around sixty awakened monks, he instructed them to wander on their own, teach and ordain people into the community, for the \"welfare and benefit\" of the world."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "He especially critiqued animal sacrifice as taught in Vedas."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation", "text": "Because of this, the Buddha taught a path (marga) of training to undo such habits."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation", "text": "There is also an alternative formulation with ten elements which is also very commonly taught in the early texts."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha taught for around 60 years.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, \"I felt awful and terrific at the same time.\" A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives."}], "id": "TxkkDe4B9cqt59FcIbj0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After Sisler retired as a player, he worked as a major league scout and aide."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sisler was born in the unincorporated hamlet of Manchester (now part of the city of New Franklin, a suburb of Akron), Ohio."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler and Rickey worked with future Hall of Famer Duke Snider to teach the young Dodgers hitter to accurately judge the strike zone."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler was part of a scouting corps that Rickey assigned to look for black players, though the scouts thought they were looking for players to fill an all-black baseball team separate from MLB."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns \"Sisler Field\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1911, Sisler signed a contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates to play minor league baseball in the Ohio\u2013Pennsylvania League, but he never played in the league or earned any money and instead played college ball for the University of Michigan."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Another son, George Jr., served as a minor league executive and as the president of the International League."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "The doctors all said I'd never play again, but when you're fighting for something that actually keeps you alive \u2013 well, the human will is all you need.\" Sisler never regained his previous level of play, though he continued to hit over .300 in six of his last seven seasons and led the AL in stolen bases for a fourth time in 1927.In 1928, the Browns sold Sisler's contract to the Washington Senators, who in turn sold the contract to the Boston Braves in May."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, \"I felt awful and terrific at the same time.\" A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives."}], "text": "George Sisler has never had a part of any extremely famous literary works.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Image", "text": "And what could be better than one cute boy, if not five?\" One Direction have been described as sparking a resurgence in the interest in boy bands, and as forming part of a new \"British Invasion\" in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Propelled to global success by social media, One Direction's five albums, Up All Night (2011) , Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), Four (2014), and Made in the A.M. (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\" and \"Drag Me Down\"."}], "id": "Tzlp91YjN0cwDfsyaId1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One Direction, often shortened to 1D, are an English-Irish pop boy band formed in London, England in 2010."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "And what could be better than one cute boy, if not five?\" One Direction have been described as sparking a resurgence in the interest in boy bands, and as forming part of a new \"British Invasion\" in the United States."}, {"section_header": "History | 2010\u20132011: The X Factor", "text": "They all failed to progress in the \"Boys\" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band, thus qualifying for the \"Groups\" category."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "Horan commented on One Direction as a boy band, \"People think that a boy band is air-grabs and [being] dressed in all one colour."}, {"section_header": "History | 2014\u20132015: Four", "text": "One Direction became the only group in the 58-year history of the Billboard 200 albums chart to have their first four albums debut at number one."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They have embarked on four world tours, two of which were all-stadium."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "We're boys in a band. We're trying to do something different from what people would think is the typical kind of boy band."}, {"section_header": "History | 2014\u20132015: Four", "text": "In February 2015, the group embarked on their fourth world tour and second all-stadium tour, the On the Road Again Tour, grossing $208 million, making it the second highest-grossing tour of 2015."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "that whole stereotypical boy band thing."}, {"section_header": "Image", "text": "middle class parent friendly pop: cute boys advocating puppy love."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Propelled to global success by social media, One Direction's five albums, Up All Night (2011) , Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), Four (2014), and Made in the A.M. (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\" and \"Drag Me Down\"."}], "text": "One Direction, often shortened to 1D, an English-Irish pop boy band formed in London, propelled a renewed enthusiasm in boy groups of singers with their five award-winning albums and four world tours.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}], "id": "Tzs5tDBVn7YgfKwgAftR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "L.A. Confidential received many positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2003, a television pilot of L.A. Confidential was aired."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Ellroy dedicated L.A. Confidential \"to Mary Doherty Ellroy\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to the scandal magazine Confidential, which is fictionalized as Hush-Hush."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}], "text": "L.A Confidential is a piece of literature.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "L.A. Confidential"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kathleen was a working-class Englishwoman from West Ham, East London, the 13th of 14 children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to Queen Victoria."}], "id": "U0n1N51yel4QAgQqeg6T", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Since then, Mirren has also had success in television and film."}, {"section_header": "Film | 2010\u20132014", "text": "In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mirren has no children and says she has \"no maternal instinct whatsoever\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "\"In 1990, Mirren stated in an interview that she is an atheist."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Becoming Helen Mirren. Troubador Press."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mirren considers her upbringing to have been \"very anti-monarchist\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mirren was brought up in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2003, Mirren was appointed a Dame (DBE) for services to drama."}, {"section_header": "Film", "text": "Mirren has also appeared in a large number of films throughout her career."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1951, Basil changed the family name to Mirren by deed poll."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kathleen was a working-class Englishwoman from West Ham, East London, the 13th of 14 children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to Queen Victoria."}], "text": "Mirren has thirteen siblings.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life."}], "id": "U1VplC2xoBi7DiTatRF2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "The Jatakas also sometimes depict negative actions done in previous lives by the bodhisattva, which explain difficulties he experienced in his final life as Gautama."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "The format of a Jataka typically begins by telling a story in the present which is then explained by a story of someone's previous life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Gautama was the family name. His mother, Maya (M\u0101y\u0101dev\u012b), Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "Many stories of these previous lives are depicted in the Jatakas."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "All gave similar predictions."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The only story in which St. Josaphat appears, Barlaam and Josaphat, is based on the life of the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Following his decision to stop extreme ascetic practices, M\u0100 204 and other parallel early texts report that Gautama sat down to meditate with the determination not to get up until full awakening (samm\u0101-sambodhi) had been reached."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha was from a privileged family and then gave up his previous life of luxury.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South."}], "id": "U2QD7jWFSbY5ikjnNExz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Light in August is a 1932 novel by the Southern (American) author William Faulkner."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Major characters", "text": "Joanna Burden \u2013 the sole survivor in Jefferson of a family of abolitionists from New England who came to Jefferson after the Civil War."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "Unlike some of the other Yoknapatawpha County novels, Light in August does not rely solely on stream-of-consciousness narration, but also incorporates dialogue and an omniscient third-person narrator that develop the story."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Not hearing from Burch and harassed by her older brother for her illegitimate pregnancy, Lena walks and hitchhikes to Jefferson, Mississippi, a town in Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha County."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Class and religion", "text": "In Light in August, as in most of the other novels set in Yoknapatawpha County, Faulkner focuses mainly on poor white Southerners, both from the upper and lower classes, who struggle to survive in the ruined post-war economy of the South."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "According to Michael Millgate, though it is not typically considered Faulkner's best novel, Light in August was recognized early on as being \"a major text, central to any understanding or evaluation of his career as a whole.\" He argues that many of the early American critics, most of whom were urban Northerners who viewed the South as backward and reactionary, focused on Faulkner's technical innovation in the field of narrative but missed or ignored the regional details and interconnectedness of the characters and setting to other works by the author."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "According to Daniel Joseph Singal, Faulkner's literary style gradually developed from 19th century Victorian to modernist, with Light in August more firmly grounded in the tradition of the latter."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Christian allegory", "text": "Light in August has 21 chapters, as does the Gospel of St. John."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": "However, after a casual remark by his wife Estelle on the quality of the light in August, Faulkner changed the title."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "Due to its naturalistic, violent subject matter and obsession with the ghosts of the past, Light in August is characterized as a Southern gothic novel, a genre also exemplified by the works of Faulkner's contemporary Carson McCullers, and by later Southern writers like Flannery O'Connor, and Truman Capote."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South."}], "text": "William Faulkner's Light in August is, unlike most of his fiction, set in New England.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Light in August"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began his MLB playing career with the St. Louis Browns (1891), Boston Reds (1891), and Chicago Colts/Orphans (1893\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 \u2013 October 27, 1955), nicknamed \"The Old Fox\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner."}], "id": "U55fvtsnlELgN2UCAW6Q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching \u200b226 1\u20443 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 \u2013 October 27, 1955), nicknamed \"The Old Fox\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began his MLB playing career with the St. Louis Browns (1891), Boston Reds (1891), and Chicago Colts/Orphans (1893\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "When I told Clark Griffith what I had done, he screamed, \"You paid $7,500 for that bum?"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They had lived in Illinois prior to Clark Griffith's birth."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "A nephew who became his adopted son, Calvin Griffith, took over the team after his death and led efforts to have the club moved to Minnesota and become the Twins."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sarah Griffith struggled to raise her children as a widow, but Clark Griffith later said that his neighbors in Missouri had been very helpful to his mother, planting crops for her and the children."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchinson had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchinson's career."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "A monument was erected in honor of Griffith at Griffith Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffith was born in Clear Creek, Missouri, to Isaiah and Sarah Anne Griffith."}], "text": "Clark Calvin Griffith was a rookie in 1891.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Clark Griffith"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020."}], "id": "U8JBui4GGplgta06LOrx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "George R. R. Martin was already a successful fantasy and sci-fi author and TV writer before writing his A Song of Ice and Fire book series."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Genre", "text": "George R. R. Martin believes the most profound influences to be the ones experienced in childhood."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The first scholarly monograph on the series is George R. R. Martin and the Fantasy Form, by New Zealand scholar Joseph Rex Young."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "George R. R. Martin earned his following the hard way, by word of mouth, by hooking his characters into the psyche of his readers to an extent that most writers of fantasy only dream of."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | Planned novels and future | A Dream of Spring", "text": "In May 2019 he reiterated he had not started writing A Dream of Spring and would not do so before finishing The Winds of Winter."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "Admiring the works of J. R. R. Tolkien in his childhood, he wanted to write an epic fantasy, though he did not have any specific ideas."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Sales", "text": "Before it even premiered, the TV series had boosted sales of the book series, with A Song of Ice and Fire approaching triple-digit growth in year-on-year sales."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Martin explores the questions of redemption and character change in the A Song of Ice and Fire series."}], "text": "The series A Song of Ice and Fire finished in 2019, twenty years after George R. R. Martin had started it.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Song of Ice and Fire"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architect", "text": "For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo."}], "id": "UC4Tv3eAsjcRL5eV1TL1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "On 12 April 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto, and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the fa\u00e7ade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595."}], "text": "Leaning Tower of Pisa designer was Francisco Lindor, a French architect.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"Tait's Edinburgh Magazine wrote \"This novel contains undoubtedly powerful writing, and yet it seems to be thrown away."}], "id": "UC9nhj3LfCIRFr06L9aR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"The American Whig Review wrote \"Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"Tait's Edinburgh Magazine wrote \"This novel contains undoubtedly powerful writing, and yet it seems to be thrown away."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Critics have questioned the reliability of the two main narrators."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "While most critics at the time recognised the power and imagination of the novel, they were also baffled by the storyline and found the characters prone to savagery and selfishness."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "The Atlas review called it a \"strange, inartistic story,\" but commented that every chapter seems to contain a \"sort of rugged power.\" Atlas summarised the novel by writing: \"We know nothing in the whole range of our fictitious literature which presents such shocking pictures of the worst forms of humanity."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Books, coarse even for men, coarse in language and coarse in conception, the coarseness apparently of violence and uncultivated men \u2013 turn out to be the productions of two girls living almost alone, filling their loneliness with quiet studies, and writing their books from a sense of duty, hating the pictures they drew, yet drawing them with austere conscientiousness!"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "The Bront\u00ebs: The Critical heritage."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "In Wuthering Heights the reader is shocked, disgusted, almost sickened by details of cruelty, inhumanity, and the most diabolical hate and vengeance, and anon come passages of powerful testimony to the supreme power of love \u2013 even over demons in the human form."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Indeed, its power is so predominant that it is not easy after a hasty reading to analyze one's impressions so as to speak of its merits and demerits with confidence."}], "text": "Original critical reception of the book was mixed, and complimented the power of the writing while questioning the emotional and factual content.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "While in the prison in Moscow, in the summer of 1899, Trotsky married Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872\u20131938), a fellow Marxist."}], "id": "UCuAhTAQddqGyDqwOQuH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The foundation \"International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum\" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922\u20131923)", "text": "This upset the troika, already infuriated by Karl Radek's article, \"Leon Trotsky \u2013 Organiser of Victory\" published in Pravda on 14 March 1923."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "[O.S. 26 October] 1879 \u2013 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky (), was a Russian revolutionary, political theorist and politician."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky's house in Coyoac\u00e1n has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov."}, {"section_header": "Childhood and family (1879\u20131895)", "text": "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (n\u00e9e Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office."}, {"section_header": "Contributions to Marxist theory | Permanent Revolution", "text": "Although most closely associated with Leon Trotsky, the call for Permanent Revolution is first found in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in March 1850, in the aftermath of the 1848 Revolution, in their Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League: It is our interest and our task to make the revolution permanent until all the more or less propertied classes have been driven from their ruling positions, until the proletariat has conquered state power and until the association of the proletarians has progressed sufficiently far \u2013 not only in one country but in all the leading countries of the world \u2013 that competition between the proletarians of these countries ceases and at least the decisive forces of production are concentrated in the hands of the workers. ... Their battle-cry must be: The Permanent Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Trotsky was openly critical of Stalinism."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | Revolutionary activity and imprisonment (1896\u20131898)", "text": "From then on Trotsky identified as a member of the party."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "While in the prison in Moscow, in the summer of 1899, Trotsky married Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872\u20131938), a fellow Marxist."}], "text": "Leon Trotsky got hitched while he was in the slammer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The book's original Swedish title was Men"}], "id": "UKUzgmbk0EAQgrYLOmIp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The book's original Swedish title was Men"}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "Dragon Tattoo Trilogy: Extended Edition is the title of the TV miniseries release on DVD, Blu-ray, and video on demand in the US."}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The Guardian ranked The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo #98 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008.The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}], "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo's original title was \"Women Who Hate Men\" in Portuguese.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Close to You", "text": "\"We've Only Just Begun\", written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols."}], "id": "ULxBdQrrtwTXiYU7CJLs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Close to You", "text": "In 1978, Karen re-cut the vocal for their Christmas TV special, feeling she could give a more mature treatment to it; this remake also became a hit."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Made in America and Karen's final days", "text": "It also became their fifteenth and final number one Adult Contemporary hit."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Carpenters and A Song for You", "text": "Richard rearranged the song to include a saxophone solo, played by Bob Messenger."}, {"section_header": "Musical style | Karen", "text": "The overdubbed background harmonies were distinctive to the Carpenters, but it was the soulful, engaging sound of Karen's lead voice that made them so recognizable."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Carpenters and A Song for You", "text": "Karen was familiar with the album, but Richard first heard the song when it was covered by Bette Midler on The Tonight Show, and realised its potential as a Carpenters hit."}, {"section_header": "Musical style | Karen", "text": "Before 1974, Karen played the drums for a number of their songs, although some had Hal Blaine playing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Carpenters had three  number-one singles and five number-two singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and fifteen number-one hits on the Adult Contemporary chart, in addition to twelve top-10 singles."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum", "text": "At the same time, the duo were asked to audition for a Ford Motor Company advertising campaign, which included $50,000 each and a brand new Ford automobile."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | The Singles: 1969\u20131973", "text": "During this period, the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | A Kind of Hush and Passage", "text": "\"Calling Occupants\" was supported with the TV special Space Encounters, which aired May 17, 1978, with guest stars Suzanne Somers and John Davidson."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Close to You", "text": "\"We've Only Just Begun\", written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols."}], "text": "One of the Carpenters' hits was a song that had played in the background of a TV advertisement.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Carpenters"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}], "id": "UOodzUKVmI6HJkXBjmhY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The war in the Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Catalonia, Portugal (1640\u20131648)", "text": "Philip IV of Spain was reluctantly forced to divert his attention from the war in northern Europe to deal with his problems at home."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "The result of that conflict and the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War helped establish postwar Sweden as a major force in Europe."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "Sweden and Denmark-Norway were interested in gaining control over northern German states bordering the Baltic Sea."}, {"section_header": "Danish intervention (1625\u20131630)", "text": "Christian IV had also profited greatly from his policies in northern Germany."}, {"section_header": "Mantuan Succession (1628\u20131631)", "text": "Northern Italy was a strategic battlefield for France and the Habsburgs for centuries."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The position of the Holy Roman Emperor was mainly titular, but the emperors, from the House of Habsburg, also directly ruled a large portion of imperial territory (lands of the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Bohemia), as well as the Kingdom of Hungary."}, {"section_header": "Beginnings (1618\u20131625) | Bohemian Revolt", "text": "Moreover, within the British Isles, Frederick V's cause became seen as that of Elizabeth Stuart, described by her supporters as \"The Jewell of Europe\", leading to a stream of tens of thousands of volunteers to her cause throughout the course of the Thirty Years' War."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The background of the Dutch Revolt also has close relations to the events leading to the Thirty Years' War."}, {"section_header": "Outside Europe", "text": "The war also had consequences abroad, as the European powers extended their rivalry via naval power to overseas colonies."}], "text": "Thirty Years' War was mainly in Northern Europe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Thirty Years' War"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa."}], "id": "USczFLYedDAnOzL8F4ca", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "At the start of the First World War a crisis ensued when the South African government led by Louis Botha and other former Boer fighters, such as Jan Smuts, declared support for Britain and agreed to send troops to take over the German colony of German South-West Africa (Namibia)."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa", "text": "One of the most important events in the decade after the end of the war was the creation of the Union of South Africa (later the Republic of South Africa)."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | British Army deployed", "text": "In South Africa the corps never operated as such and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and Cavalry divisions were widely dispersed."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | South Africa", "text": "There were large communities of English-speaking immigrants and settlers in Natal and Cape Colony (especially around Cape Town and Grahamstown), which formed volunteer units that took the field, or local \"town guards.\" At one stage of the war, a \"Colonial Division,\" consisting of five light horse and infantry units under Brigadier General Edward Brabant, took part in the invasion of the Orange Free State."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | South Africa", "text": "During the war, the British army also included substantial contingents from South Africa itself."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "In the 1880s, Bechuanaland (modern Botswana) became the object of a dispute between the Germans to the west, the Boers to the east, and Britain's Cape Colony to the south."}, {"section_header": "Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 \u2013 May 1902) | Western Transvaal", "text": "Several battles of importance were fought here between September 1901 and March 1902."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "In Afrikaans it may be called the Anglo-Boereoorlog (\"Anglo-Boer War\"), Tweede Boereoorlog (\"Second Boer War\"), Tweede Vryheidsoorlog (\"Second Freedom War\") or Engelse oorlog (\"English War\").In South Africa it is officially called the South African War."}, {"section_header": "First phase: The Boer offensive (October\u2013December 1899) | First British relief attempts", "text": "By February 1900 General Sir Redvers Henry Buller, a much respected commander, arrived in South Africa with the Army Corps, made up of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd divisions."}], "text": "The 2nd Boer war was fought between the English and German settlers in what is now South Africa.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Death", "text": "While Tchaikovsky's death has traditionally been attributed to cholera from drinking unboiled water at a local restaurant, there has been much speculation that his death was suicide."}, {"section_header": "Life | Death", "text": "We do not know how Tchaikovsky died."}], "id": "USvjoLHkzBxClswhUSjv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}, {"section_header": "Music | Aesthetic impact", "text": "What his listeners experienced on an emotional or visceral level became an end in itself."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's \"strongest, longest and purest love\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "They became infatuated with each other and were engaged to be married, but due to Art\u00f4t's refusal to give up the stage or settle in Russia, the relationship ended."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (n\u00e9 Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "Tchaikovsky's family remained supportive of him during this crisis and throughout his life."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "Discussion of Tchaikovsky's personal life, especially his sexuality, has perhaps been the most extensive of any composer in the 19th century and certainly of any Russian composer of his time."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Tchaikovsky's early separation from his mother caused an emotional trauma that lasted the rest of his life and was intensified by her death from cholera in 1854, when he was fourteen."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "Passages in Tchaikovsky's letters which reveal his homosexual desires have been censored in Russia."}, {"section_header": "Life | Death", "text": "While Tchaikovsky's death has traditionally been attributed to cholera from drinking unboiled water at a local restaurant, there has been much speculation that his death was suicide."}, {"section_header": "Life | Death", "text": "We do not know how Tchaikovsky died."}], "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's life was ended by an assassin.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}], "id": "UWRdTCxrbSz6ozkR4TwR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He was also one of the umpires for the first All-Star Game in 1933, and worked behind the plate for the second half of the game; he later umpired in the 1938 All-Star Game as well."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Of the 16 major league teams in existence during his career, all but one\u2014the St. Louis Browns, who would not win a pennant until 1944\u2014appeared in a World Series that he officiated; the only other teams which did not win a championship with Klem on the field were the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies (neither of which won a title during Klem's lifetime) and the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "The league began experimenting with four-man umpire crews in 1941 and Klem appeared in a few games that season so that those games would have four umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, \"Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "About a week before his death, Klem seemed to know that his death was coming, commenting to his attorney, \"This is my last game"}], "text": "Bill Klem was in 9 World Series starting with the All-Star Game in 1933.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He attended the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, studying business administration."}], "id": "UZLJEUbLu4ys981ORETl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "\"I will put it like this: The only guy that I didn't want to face, when a tough situation comes, was Edgar Mart\u00ednez."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He runs Branded Solutions by Edgar Mart\u00ednez, a byproduct of his family's embroidery business, in nearby Tacoma."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Scouts watched Carmelo with interest, but Edgar did not draw their attention."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez (born January 2, 1963), nicknamed \"Gar\" and \"Papi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and coach."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "Though Presley was no longer a Mariner, Darnell Coles began the season as the Mariners' starting third baseman, with manager Jim Lefebvre telling The Seattle Times during spring training: \"I think Darnell Coles is going to surprise a lot of people."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mart\u00ednez and his wife Holli have contributed their time and money to Seattle Children's Hospital, including the Edgar Mart\u00ednez Endowment for Muscular Dystrophy Research, established by the Mariners in honor of his retirement, and the Children's Hospital Annual"}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Pedro Mart\u00ednez (no relation) also named Edgar Mart\u00ednez as one of the toughest hitters he had to pitch against in his career because, Pedro said, he was very disciplined at the plate and \"would foul off pitches that would wipe out anybody else."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "In October 2004, following his retirement, a section of South Atlantic Street (State Route 519) in Seattle adjacent to Safeco Field was renamed Edgar Mart\u00ednez Drive South."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His brother and sister returned to New York to live with their parents, but Edgar opted to remain in Dorado with his grandparents."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "He knows there is no one in the wings, just Edgar Martinez to back him up.\" However, Coles committed five errors in Seattle's first six games."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He attended the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, studying business administration."}], "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez did go to college.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "An old sailor named Billy Bones comes to lodge in the rural Admiral Benbow Inn on the Bristol Channel, in England."}], "id": "UclvCOqX7fJsCWGR1QjB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "The Cassandra was last heard of in 1723 at Portobelo, Panama, a place that also briefly figures in Treasure Island as \"Portobello\"."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Supposedly, he later became a beggar in England."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Cocos Island off Costa Rica has many similarities with the fictional treasure island."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Unst, one of the Shetland Islands, to which the map of Treasure Island bears a very vague resemblance."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands was supposedly mentioned to Stevenson by a sailor uncle, and also possesses a \"Spyglass Hill\" like the fictional Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Minor", "text": "He then takes Hawkins to see the squire and the doctor."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island is in fact a marriage of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas on board the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "The real treasure has never been found, despite more than 300 expeditions to the island."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Stevenson supposedly visited there in May 1888 (five years after writing Treasure Island) and christened it \"Treasure Island\" Fidra in the Firth of Forth, visible from North Berwick where Stevenson had spent many childhood holidays."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "In the novel, Dr. Livesey warns the drunkard Billy Bones that \"the name of rum for you is death.\" Various claims have been made that one island or another inspired Treasure Island:  Isla de Pinos near Cuba, which served as a supply base for pirates for about 300 years, is believed to have inspired Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "An old sailor named Billy Bones comes to lodge in the rural Admiral Benbow Inn on the Bristol Channel, in England."}], "text": "Treasure Island does not take place in England.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Treasure Island"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents never married and separated when Mays was three."}], "id": "UdUBgUxf9HfYwuernekk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mays married Marghuerite Wendell Chapman (1926\u20132010), a woman who had been married twice before, in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "They dated off and on the next several years before Mays finally proposed; they were married in Mexico City over Thanksgiving weekend in 1971."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Eight years later, Mays married Mae Louise Allen."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother, Annie Satterwhite, was a gifted basketball and track star in high school."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His parents never married and separated when Mays was three."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mays said, \"We decided to get married so quickly, we had to go to Elkton, Maryland, where you didn't have to wait.\" Forbes tried to talk Mays out of the decision, fearing that Marghuerite was marrying Mays for his money"}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Barnstorming", "text": "From 1955 through '58, Mays led Willie Mays's All-Stars, a team composed of such stars as Irvin, Thompson, Frank Robinson, Hank Aaron, Junior Gilliam, Brooks Lawrence, Sam Jones, and Joe Black."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "There was nothing on a baseball diamond that Mays couldn't do.\" David Schoenfield of ESPN examines the sabermetric statistic runs created, observing Hank Aaron took 13 years to pass Mays's total, which may have been higher had Mays not served in the Army."}, {"section_header": "Special honors and tributes", "text": "Set to go on a nationwide tour, Mays passed out for five to ten minutes just before a meeting in Salt Lake City."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "\" They only lived there for two years before moving back to New York."}], "text": "Willie Mays' mother and father married in 1929 and were married for 58 years before his mother passed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Willie Mays"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is often considered one of Allen's major works, with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast."}], "id": "Ugx8fucx1WLv3jaTezyZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "In both films, a large theatrical family gather for three successive years' celebrations (Thanksgiving in Allen's film, Christmas in Bergman's)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Several of Farrow's children, including Soon-Yi Previn (who married Allen in 1997), have credited and uncredited roles, mostly as Thanksgiving extras."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She writes a script inspired by Hannah and Elliot, which greatly upsets Hannah."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hannah serves as the stalwart hub of the narrative; most of the events of the film connect to her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is often considered one of Allen's major works, with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was a successful masterpiece from Woody Allen.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a social protest against the structures of the society that would later give rise to apartheid."}], "id": "UjcONz0MJCD75sVzmns1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a novel by Alan Paton, published in 1948."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "American publisher Bennett Cerf remarked at that year's meeting of the American Booksellers Association that there had been \"only three novels published since the first of the year that were worth reading\u2026 Cry, The Beloved Country, The Ides of March, and The Naked and the Dead.\"Two"}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "She tells Kumalo that Absalom will be her third husband and that her father had abandoned her family when she was quite young."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": ", the Beloved Country is the detrimental effects of fear on the characters and society of South Africa as indicated in the following quotation from the narrator in Chapter 12: Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear."}, {"section_header": "Allusions/references to other works", "text": "The novel is filled with Biblical references and allusions."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The morning of his departure, Kumalo rouses his new family to bring them back to Ndotsheni, only to find that Gertrude has disappeared."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a social protest against the structures of the society that would later give rise to apartheid."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Stephen Kumalo: A 60-year-old Zulu priest, the father of Absalom, who attempts to find his family in Johannesburg, and later to reconstruct the disintegrating state of his village."}, {"section_header": "Allusions/references to other works", "text": "In the novel, Absalom requests that his son be named Peter, the name of one of Jesus's disciples."}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations", "text": "In 1951, the novel was adapted into a motion picture of the same name, directed by Zoltan Korda."}], "text": "Novel \"Cry, the Beloved Country,\" was inspired by a family who survived the Holocaust.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cry, the Beloved Country"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "The policy of the Spanish match, as it was called, was also attractive to James as a way to maintain peace with Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in religious wars, especially the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648) that devastated much of Central Europe."}], "id": "UlkbVKYoFJrxxg99JSHR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "The outcome of the Parliament of 1624 was ambiguous: James still refused to declare or fund a war, but Charles believed the Commons had committed themselves to finance a war against Spain, a stance that was to contribute to his problems with Parliament in his own reign."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours, and arms | Arms", "text": "The arms used in Scotland were: Quarterly, I and IV Scotland, II England and France, III Ireland, with Scotland taking precedence over England."}, {"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "The policy of the Spanish match, as it was called, was also attractive to James as a way to maintain peace with Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war."}, {"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "On Raleigh's return to England, James had him executed to the indignation of the public, who opposed the appeasement of Spain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain."}, {"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "In November 1621, roused by Sir Edward Coke, they framed a petition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant, and for enforcement of the anti-Catholic laws."}, {"section_header": "King and Parliament | Spanish match", "text": "Disillusioned by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the Habsburg empire."}, {"section_header": "Accession in England", "text": "Monopolies and taxation had engendered a widespread sense of grievance, and the costs of war in Ireland had become a heavy burden on the government, which had debts of \u00a3400,000."}, {"section_header": "King and Church", "text": "In May 1606, Parliament passed the Popish Recusants Act, which could require any citizen to take an Oath of Allegiance denying the Pope's authority over the king."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in religious wars, especially the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648) that devastated much of Central Europe."}], "text": "James VI and I, King of Scotland, then England and Ireland, pressed parliament to go to war with Spain over religion.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase."}], "id": "UpHb07zwj4gXpyy4Sd56", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "Many methods were proposed to stabilise the tower, including the addition of 800 tonnes of lead counterweights to the raised end of the base as a temporary intervention."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen."}], "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa does not have many steps.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}], "id": "UqWO9FuWFDjLAe6TzDie", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999) | Departure from Seattle (1999\u20132000)", "text": "Not only did Griffey want to live closer, but he wanted to be able to raise his kids, Trey and Taryn (Tevin was not born at the time)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "I didn't want to live.\" He stated that he had also previously contemplated taking his own life, but he had not acted on it until this incident."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "\"It's a different Reds team than the older, beer-bellied softball teams of recent years."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2005\u20132006", "text": "His 35 home runs were his highest since his first year with the Reds as Griffey slowly moved up the career home run list."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2000\u20132004", "text": "Griffey was starting in right field for the first time in his 16-year Major League career when he raced toward the gap to try to cut off a ball before it got to the wall."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "He led his league multiple times in different hitting categories."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "It marked the 44th different ballpark in which he had hit a home run."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999) | Departure from Seattle (1999\u20132000)", "text": "Griffey formerly lived in the same neighborhood in Orlando as golfer Payne Stewart."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. was born in Pittsburgh and lived there for 7 years before moving to a different state.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}], "id": "UsojHV7B6NyEtBBaD51w", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music", "text": "You know, I'm sorry but I really have a lot more to do with my life than worry about that... when it comes to Babe, the vision was handed to Chris on a plate.\" The musical score for Babe was composed by Nigel Westlake and performed by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "The theme song \" If I Had Words\" (lyrics by Jonathan Hodge), sung by Hoggett near the film's conclusion, is an adaptation of the Maestoso final movement of the Organ Symphony by Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, and was originally performed in 1977 by Scott Fitzgerald and Yvonne Keeley."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Musical or Comedy and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film had a marked effect on the growth of vegetarianism, particularly among the young."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The ruling was overturned almost a year later and the film was released direct-to-video."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "At the APRA Music Awards of 1996 it won Best Film Score for Westlake's work."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2006, the American Film Institute named Babe #80 on its list of America's Most Inspiring Movies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film was a box office success, grossing $36.7 million at the box office in Australia and over $254 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 70 reviews, with a rating average of 8.26/10."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}], "text": "The film  performed well financially.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In September 2015, she revealed that her lungs are only working at 30 per cent capacity due to emphysema caused by years of smoking."}], "id": "UtycabduJ8kHcZQ3GfX0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "I don't think it's being 'far left'...to uphold the rule of law."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Laurence Olivier announced her birth to the audience at a performance of Hamlet at the Old Vic, when he said that Laertes (played by Sir Michael) had a daughter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": ", she is the daughter of Sir Michael Redgrave and Lady Redgrave (the actress Rachel Kempson), the sister of Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, the mother of actresses"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her siblings, Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, were also acclaimed actors."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Redgrave family of actors"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "On 6 April 2010, her brother, Corin Redgrave, died, and on 2 May 2010, her sister, Lynn Redgrave, died."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Redgrave was born on 30 January 1937 in Blackheath, London, the daughter of actors Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "However, in June 2005 Redgrave left the party."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Redgrave has been an outspoken critic of the \"war on terrorism\"."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 2004, Vanessa Redgrave and her brother Corin Redgrave launched the Peace and Progress Party, which campaigned against the Iraq War and for human rights."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In September 2015, she revealed that her lungs are only working at 30 per cent capacity due to emphysema caused by years of smoking."}], "text": "Redgrave announced her respiratory system was not fully functioning like it should be.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Vanessa Redgrave"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The castle was then largely ignored until the eleventh century, when its ruins were renovated and rebuilt by Samuel ibn Naghrela, vizier to the emir Badis ben Habus of the Zirid Dynasty of Al Andalus, in an attempt to preserve the small Jewish settlement also located on the natural plateau, Sabikah Hill."}], "id": "UwlBdyLlGopYmBGL0SLZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The first reference to the Qal\u2018at al-\u1e24amra was during the battles between the Arabs and the Muladies (people of mixed Arab and European descent) during the rule of the \u2018Abdullah ibn Muhammad (r. 888\u2013912)."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "Access from the city to the Alhambra Park is afforded by the Puerta de las Granadas (Gate of Pomegranates), a triumphal arch dating from the 15th century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, the buildings occupied by squatters, Alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of Napoleon, who had conducted retaliatory destruction of the site."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Generalife", "text": "This villa dates from the beginning of the 14th century but has been restored several times."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Other features", "text": "These famous examples of Hispano-Moresque ware date from the 14th and 15th centuries."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "A turret containing a large bell was added in the 18th century and restored after being damaged by lightning in 1881."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Over subsequent centuries the Moorish art was further damaged, and in 1812 some of the towers were destroyed by the French under Count Sebastiani."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "To the left of the passage rises the Torre del Vino (Wine Tower), built in 1345 and used in the 16th century as a cellar."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Royal complex", "text": "Serallo, built during the reign of Yusuf I in the 14th century, contains the Patio de los Arrayanes (Court of the Myrtles)."}, {"section_header": "Layout", "text": "According to the site's current architect, Pedro Salmeron Escobar, the Alhambra evolved organically over a period of several centuries from the ancient hilltop fortress defined by a narrow promontory carved by the river Darro and overlooking the Vega or Plain of Granada as it descends from the Sierra Nevada."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The castle was then largely ignored until the eleventh century, when its ruins were renovated and rebuilt by Samuel ibn Naghrela, vizier to the emir Badis ben Habus of the Zirid Dynasty of Al Andalus, in an attempt to preserve the small Jewish settlement also located on the natural plateau, Sabikah Hill."}], "text": "The Alhambra was populated by warriors and crafts people in the 10th century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After three of the men safely reach the shore and are met by a group of rescuers, they find Billie dead, his body washed up on the beach."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "As they begin the long swim to the beach, Billie the oiler, the strongest of the four, swims ahead of the others; the captain advances towards the shore while still holding onto the boat, and the cook uses a surviving oar."}], "id": "UzLEkJirtul9Ic9B3bpk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The account, titled \"Stephen Crane's Own Story\", concentrates mainly on the sinking of the Commodore, and the ensuing chaos."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane's personal account of the shipwreck and the men's survival, titled \"Stephen Crane's Own Story\", was first published a few days after his rescue."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Wilson Follett included the story in the twelfth volume of his 1927 collection of Crane's work, and it also appeared in Robert Stallman's 1952 volume Stephen Crane: An Omnibus."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Like other major works by Stephen Crane, \"The Open Boat\" contains numerous examples of symbolism, imagery and metaphor."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Articles such as \"The Wreck of the New Era\", which describes a group of castaways drowning in sight of a helpless crowd, and \"Ghosts on the Jersey Coast\" contain stark imagery that strongly prefigures that of \"The Open Boat\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Also noting the depressing Realism utilized in the story, editor Vincent Starrett stated: \"It is a desolate picture, and the tale is one of our greatest short stories.\" Another of the author's friends, H. G. Wells, wrote that \"The Open Boat\" was \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work.\" Singling out Crane's usage of color and chiaroscuro in his writing, Wells continued: \"It has all the stark power of the earlier stories, with a new element of restraint; the color is as full and strong as ever, fuller and stronger, indeed; but those chromatic splashes that at times deafen and confuse in The Red Badge, those images that astonish rather than enlighten, are disciplined and controlled.\" The story remains popular with critics; Thomas Kent referred to \"The Open Boat\" as Crane's \"magnum opus\", while Crane biographer Stanley Wertheim called it \"Crane's finest short story and one of the masterworks of late nineteenth-century American literature\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "After three of the men safely reach the shore and are met by a group of rescuers, they find Billie dead, his body washed up on the beach."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "As they begin the long swim to the beach, Billie the oiler, the strongest of the four, swims ahead of the others; the captain advances towards the shore while still holding onto the boat, and the cook uses a surviving oar."}], "text": "Stephen Crane's story \"The Open Boat\" ends with the captain tangled in a fishing net and drowning.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film became the eighth highest-grossing film of 2013 with a worldwide gross of over $723 million, against a production budget of around $100 million."}], "id": "VBsGAErjI7d3BTXYXGkx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Quentin Tarantino said it was one of his top ten films of 2013."}, {"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists", "text": "Top Ten List scorecard for 2013: it appeared on 93 critic's lists, 22 of whom named it their best film of the year."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Top Ten List scorecard for 2013."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film earned accolades from numerous critics and guilds."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Gravity topped the box office and broke the record held by Paranormal Activity 3 (2011) as the highest-earning October and autumn openings, grossing $55.8 million from 3,575 theaters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Considered one of the best films of 2013, it appeared on numerous critics' year-end lists, and was selected by the American Film Institute in their annual Movies of the Year list."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings, and reached $17.5 million on Friday."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "The Hollywood Reporter estimated that Bullock would earn at least $70 million based on theatrical returns alone for the film."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "it the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2013."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "It became the highest-grossing feature film in October history, topping the animated Puss in Boots, which took in $555 million globally in 2011."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film became the eighth highest-grossing film of 2013 with a worldwide gross of over $723 million, against a production budget of around $100 million."}], "text": "It was one of the top earning films of 2013.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Hoagy had two younger sisters, Georgia and Joanne."}], "id": "VFyq1hdcgi4Re7445WRW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honors and tributes | In popular culture", "text": "In Casino Royale, novelist Ian Fleming has Ren\u00e9 Mathis, one of James Bond's fictional fellow secret agents, make a remark about Bond looking like Hoagy Carmichael."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1950s", "text": "During the 1940s and 1950s Carmichael also wrote more than a dozen songs for children, including \"The Whale Song,\" \"Merry-Go-Round,\" and \"Rocket Ship\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "With the help and encouragement of his son, Hoagy Bix, Carmichael participated in the PBS television show Hoagy Carmichael's Music Shop that featured jazz-rock versions of his hits."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1940s", "text": "Carmichael appeared as an actor in 14 motion pictures, performing at least one of his songs in each."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "Carmichael's second memoir, Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy Carmichael, was published in 1965."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Carmichael's family in 1986 donated his archives, piano, and memorabilia to his alma mater, Indiana University, which established a Hoagy Carmichael Collection in its Archives of Traditional Music and the Hoagy Carmichael Room to permanently display selections from the collection."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "A Song Is Born (1938), performed by Larry Clinton and his orchestra. (After 1950 a simpler version became a popular piano duet among American children.) Dick Powell premiered Carmichael's"}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "The song became one of Carmichael's jazz standards."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Hoagy had two younger sisters, Georgia and Joanne."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hoagland Howard \"Hoagy\" Carmichael (November 22, 1899 \u2013 December 27, 1981) was an American singer, songwriter, and actor."}], "text": "Hoagy Carmichael was one of six children.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Hoagy Carmichael"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the third pitcher to accumulate 300 career victories."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 \u2013 July 30, 1941), nicknamed \"Smiling Mickey\", was a Major League Baseball pitcher."}], "id": "VGdqH5uLWqcXneQOLLjn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "In the 1885 season, Welch and Keefe reunited as a two-man pitching rotation, with Keefe having a 32-13 win-loss record."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Strikeout record", "text": "In the third inning of that game, a third strike was dropped by New York catcher Bill Loughran."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "Saying that he was in baseball to earn money, Welch agreed to re-sign with the Giants on a three-year contract."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "Despite this win total from Welch and Keefe, the team fell to third place in the league."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "He retired from baseball after the season, having compiled 307 victories, 210 losses, 1850 strikeouts and a career 2.71 ERA."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Early career", "text": "In the following year, Welch made his major league debut in 1880, winning 34 games for the Troy Trojans."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 \u2013 July 30, 1941), nicknamed \"Smiling Mickey\", was a Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Welch was born in Brooklyn, New York, and played 13 seasons in the major leagues, three with the Troy Trojans, and 10 with the New York Gothams/Giants."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the third pitcher to accumulate 300 career victories."}], "text": "Michael Welch was the 3rd catcher to have three hundred career wins.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mickey Welch"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonce Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine \u201cTina\u201d Knowles (n\u00e9e Beyonce), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album B'Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday."}], "id": "VJu5Au0t5co15Z8vgHJB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained her first US number-one solo single \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\", which topped the charts in most countries."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album B'Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "In November, the group released their debut single and first major hit, \"No, No, No\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The group released their Multi-Platinum second album"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award, and she feared no one would take her seriously."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She became the first music act to debut at number one with their first six solo studio albums on the Billboard 200."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The album spawned other number-one hits, \"Bootylicious\" and the title track, \"Survivor\", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "They released their self-titled debut album in February 1998, which established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for \"No, No, No\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonce Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine \u201cTina\u201d Knowles (n\u00e9e Beyonce), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager."}], "text": "Beyonc\u00e9, a former member of the music group Destiny's Child, released her first solo album on her 25th birthday.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}], "id": "VNpOSaWlBDblxDfl5bPs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "Flom was convinced that she could be a breakthrough star and she was signed to Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Ballard then introduced Perry to Tim Devine, an A&R executive at Columbia Records, and she was signed as a solo artist."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She began work on a solo record, but the record was shelved after Java was dropped."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "For this record, she received an honorary American Music Award in November 2011 and a 2013 Guinness World Record."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "The label was later renamed Unsub Records."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "\"Every Day Is a Holiday\". On June 17, 2014, Perry announced that she had founded her own record label under Capitol Records, titled Metamorphosis Music."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "The Matrix become a \"real group\", Perry recorded with them."}], "text": "Katy Perry signed a recording contract with MGM records in 2007.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world."}], "id": "VfFToGO26zhRVHl0GuSK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "One of the largest events in the city, Pride Week takes place in late June, and is one of the largest LGBT festivals in the world."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation | Road system", "text": "It is the busiest road in North America, and one of the busiest highways in the world."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Public spaces", "text": "Toronto has a diverse array of public spaces, from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "According to the website Numbeo, Toronto's cost of living plus rent index was second highest in Canada (of 31 cities)."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "84 homicides were committed in 2007, roughly half of which involved guns."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "More than forty years later, it has grown to attract one million people to Toronto's Lake Shore Boulevard annually."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "In that year, a half-century after the Great Fire of 1904, disaster struck the city again when Hurricane Hazel brought intense winds and flash flooding."}], "text": "Toronto is one of the most diverse city in the world since more than half of persons living there are minorities.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Toronto"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}], "id": "VgkwQ1HgM4mMy0QhVzgp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is the third novel by George Eliot, published in 1861."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Silas Marner, a weaver, is a member of a small Calvinist congregation in Lantern Yard, a slum street in Northern England."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Marner travels south to the Midlands and settles near the rural village of Raveloe in Warwickshire where he lives isolated and alone, choosing to have only minimal contact with the residents beyond his work as a linen weaver."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Silas Marner: lower class by birth, a weaver who is betrayed at Lantern Yard (site of a dissenting sect) by his treacherous friend William Dane, moves away to Raveloe (where the community is Church of England), becomes taken for a miser, as he accumulates a small fortune, only to have it stolen by Dunstan Cass."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Edison Company, USA; 24 October 1913) with William Langdon West in the title role. Silas Marner ("}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The composer John Joubert wrote an opera Silas Marner based on the novel in 1961."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "At least five film adaptations of Silas Marner were released during the silent film era, including the following: Silas Marner (Thanhouser Film Corporation, USA; 31 March 1911) with Frank Hall Crane in the title role."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An outwardly simple tale of a linen weaver, it is notable for its strong realism and its sophisticated treatment of a variety of issues ranging from religion to industrialisation to community."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Le No\u00ebl de Silas Marner (Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, France; November 1912) (UK; 27 November 1912; as Silas Marner's Christmas)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Silas Marner (Associated Exhibitors, USA; May 1922) (UK; 25 January 1926) with Crauford Kent in the title role."}], "text": "Silas Marner  is a weaver.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Silas Marner"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was fatally shot during his victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805."}], "id": "Vhl4gXWV0P3MypKvKRNe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bront\u00e9,  (29 September 1758 \u2013 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was named \"Horatio\" after his godfather Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723\u20131809), the first cousin of his maternal grandmother Anne Turner (1691-1768)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723\u20131809) was a younger grandson of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain,"}, {"section_header": "Battle of Trafalgar | Wounding and death", "text": "Nelson died at half-past four, three hours after he had been shot."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Parker and the Baltic | Battle of Copenhagen", "text": "As a reward for the victory, he was created Viscount Nelson of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, on 19 May 1801."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Neapolitan campaign", "text": "The marquis acquiesced to the unusual request, allowing twenty-four slaves to be pulled across to Bonne Citoyenne, their blessings to their English saviour then ringing out across the harbour as their names were added to the sloop's already crowded muster book."}, {"section_header": "Battle of Trafalgar | Wounding and death", "text": "Hardy rushed to him, at which point Nelson smiled Hardy, I do believe they have done it at last .... my backbone is shot through."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was fatally shot during his victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Return to England", "text": "He attended court and was guest of honour at a number of banquets and balls."}, {"section_header": "Battle of Trafalgar | Wounding and death", "text": "My back is shot through. Nelson was made comfortable, fanned and brought lemonade and watered wine to drink after he complained of feeling hot and thirsty."}], "text": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson was shot in battle but survived by pulling the musket ball out and sealing it with gunpowder.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play also, however, remains notorious for its caricature of Socrates and is mentioned in Plato's Apology as a contributor to the philosopher's trial and execution."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "There is a famous story, as reported for example by Aelian, according to which Socrates cheerfully rose from his seat during the performance of The Clouds and stood in silent answer to the whispers among foreigners in the festival audience: \"Who is Socrates?\" Plato appears to have considered The Clouds a contributing factor in Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC."}], "id": "VjtdNSXbrzB5u3lBWAHN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play also, however, remains notorious for its caricature of Socrates and is mentioned in Plato's Apology as a contributor to the philosopher's trial and execution."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Aristophanes does not use eupolideans in any other of his extant plays."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "There is a famous story, as reported for example by Aelian, according to which Socrates cheerfully rose from his seat during the performance of The Clouds and stood in silent answer to the whispers among foreigners in the festival audience: \"Who is Socrates?\" Plato appears to have considered The Clouds a contributing factor in Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Socrates leads him into the dingy Thinkery for his first lesson and The Clouds step forward to address the audience."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "A typical Aristophanic Chorus, even if it starts out as hostile to the protagonist, is the protagonist's cheer squad by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The revised play is an incomplete form of Old Comedy."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "It has been argued that Aristophanes caricatured a 'pre-Socratic' Socrates and that the philosopher depicted by Plato was a more mature thinker who had been influenced by such criticism."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "Aristophanes' plays however were generally unsuccessful in shaping public attitudes on important questions, as evidenced by their ineffectual opposition to the Peloponnesian War, demonstrated in the play Lysistrata, and to populists such as Cleon."}], "text": "The Greek comedy play The Clouds by Aristophanes helped lead to the execution of Socrates.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Barranquilla, Shakira has been referred to as the Queen of Latin Music and is noted for her versatility in music."}], "id": "Vk1CKCBGY2UQfQfkzfog", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\" Throughout her career, Shakira has earned several titles, including \"The Crossover Queen\" by The Economist, \"The Queen of World Cup\" by Billboard, and \"Latin America's Pop Queen\" by Pitchfork."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2005\u20132007: Fijaci\u00f3n Oral, Volumen Uno and Oral Fixation, Volume Two", "text": "In late 2007, Shakira and Wyclef Jean recorded their second duet, \"King and Queen\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Barranquilla, Shakira has been referred to as the Queen of Latin Music and is noted for her versatility in music."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her father then immigrated to Colombia at age 5."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In 1997, Shakira founded the Pies Descalzos Foundation, a Colombian charity with special schools for poor children all around Colombia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During a flight from Barranquilla to Bogot\u00e1, Ariza convinced Sony Colombia executive Ciro Vargas to hold an audition for Shakira in a hotel lobby."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He arranged for Sony Colombia executives to arrive at the audition, with the idea of surprising them with Shakira's performance."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Though she was little known outside of her native Colombia at the time, Shakira was invited to perform at Chile's Vi\u00f1a del Mar International Song Festival in February 1993."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1995\u20132000: Latin breakthrough", "text": "Shakira originally recorded the song \"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s Coraz\u00f3n?\" (later released on her album Pies Descalzos) for the compilation album Nuestro Rock in 1994, released exclusively in Colombia."}], "text": "Shakira has been nicknamed the Queen of Colombia.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "In October 2008, the club announced a plan to build a new stadium immediately to the north of the existing White Hart Lane stadium, with the southern half of the new stadium's pitch overlapping the northern part of the Lane."}], "id": "VkXphJ7ZxLR5iaW1eMgr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "Domestic fixtures of the 2016\u201317 season continued to be played at the Lane, but demolition of the rest of the stadium started the day after the last game of the season, and White Hart Lane was completely demolished by the end of July 2017."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "As this reduced the stadium capacity below that required for European games, Tottenham Hotspur played every European home game in 2016\u201317 at Wembley Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "In October 2008, the club announced a plan to build a new stadium immediately to the north of the existing White Hart Lane stadium, with the southern half of the new stadium's pitch overlapping the northern part of the Lane."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "The White Hart Lane ground was built on a disused plant nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named the White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the road White Hart Lane actually lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance)."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "Minor amendments to the seating configuration were made in 2006, bringing the capacity of the stadium to 36,310.By the turn of the millennium, the capacity of White Hart Lane had become lower than other major Premier League clubs."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has been the club's home ground since April 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "While it was under construction, all Tottenham home games in the 2017\u201318 season as well as all but five in 2018\u201319 were played at Wembley Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "After Spurs were admitted to the Football League, the club started to build a new stadium, with stands designed by Archibald Leitch being constructed over the next two and a half decades."}], "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club plays in the White Hart Lane Stadium.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With 83 million inhabitants of its 16 constituent states, it is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union."}], "id": "VqKlIfjrP3EdDTmPnH2U", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Tourism", "text": "The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "The unemployment rate published by Eurostat amounts to 3.2% as of January 2020, which is the fourth-lowest in the EU.Germany"}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Its GDP per capita measured in purchasing power standards amounts to 121% of the EU27 average (100%)."}, {"section_header": "History | Reunified Germany and the European Union", "text": "The relocation of the government was completed in 1999, and modernisation of the east German economy was scheduled to last until 2019.Since reunification, Germany has taken a more active role in the European Union, signing the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and the Lisbon Treaty in 2007, and co-founding the Eurozone."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With 83 million inhabitants of its 16 constituent states, it is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, rising to 83.1 million as of 2019, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the 19th most populous country in the world."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "The German term Deutschland, originally diutisciu land (\"the German lands\") is derived from deutsch, descended from Old High German diutisc \"of the people\" (from diot or diota \"people\"), originally used to distinguish the language of the common people from Latin and its Romance descendants."}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "In total 17 million people were systematically murdered, including 6 million Jews,"}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "Kristallnacht saw the burning of synagogues, the destruction of Jewish businesses, and mass arrests of Jewish people."}, {"section_header": "History | Germanic tribes and Frankish Empire", "text": "Around 260, Germanic peoples broke into Roman-controlled lands."}], "text": "Germany has the 2nd most amount of people in Europe and the most in Europe's Union.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Germany"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity, involving more than 400 warships."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}], "id": "VwY2afQTklvXrLIBf1Ox", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The victory of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire, marking the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean, although the Ottoman wars in Europe would continue for another century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the history of naval warfare, Lepanto marks the last major engagement in the Western world to be fought almost entirely between rowing vessels, namely the galleys and galeasses which were the direct descendants of ancient trireme warships."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus\u2014Greek \u039d\u03b1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, Ottoman \u0130nebaht\u0131) when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina, Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Accounts", "text": "the Ottoman, to the Day of the Great and Victorious Battle against the Turks was published in 1572, a few months after Lepanto."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Historian Paul K. Davis writes that, \"More than a military victory, Lepanto was a moral one."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "However, the Holy League failed to capitalize on the victory, and while the Ottoman defeat has often been cited as the historical turning-point initiating the eventual stagnation of Ottoman territorial expansion, this was by no means an immediate consequence; even though the Christian victory at Lepanto confirmed the de facto division of the Mediterranean, with the eastern half under firm Ottoman control and the western under the Habsburgs and their Italian allies, halting the Ottoman encroachment on Italian territories, the Holy League did not regain any territories that had been lost to the Ottomans prior to Lepanto."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity, involving more than 400 warships."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Over the following decades, the increasing importance of the galleon and the line of battle tactic would displace the galley as the major warship of its era, marking the beginning of the \"Age of Sail\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration", "text": "The Holy League credited the victory to the Virgin Mary, whose intercession with God they had implored for victory through the use of the Rosary."}], "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a  1571 military victory for the Holy League against Ottoman warships, with over four hundred naval vessels in all.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Lepanto"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage", "text": "The official figure from Pinterest was announced as 150 million monthly active users in October 2016 - 70 million in the U.S. and 80 million outside the U.S. - rising to 175 million monthly active users in April 2017 and 250 million in September 2018."}], "id": "W0s3qo1hUwCihHoZClyv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Criticism | Legal status", "text": "The post contributed to scrutiny over Pinterest's legal status."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission."}, {"section_header": "Usage", "text": "Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use."}, {"section_header": "Usage | In science", "text": "Data from Pinterest has been used for research in different areas."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions", "text": "The URX team's expertise in mobile content discovery and recommendation would prove critical to helping Pinterest understand its corpus of over 100 billion pins, to better recommend them to its users."}, {"section_header": "Usage | In science", "text": "Pinterest data can be also used in quality assessment of Wikipedia articles and their sources in different languages."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "Pinterest has a notification system that copyright holders can use to request that content be removed from the site."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "It is a created service that generates comprehensive statistics on a specific website's traffic, commonly used by marketers."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) safe harbor status of Pinterest has been questioned given that it actively promotes its users to copy to Pinterest, for their perpetual use, any image on the Internet."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Use by scammers", "text": "Social engineering of Pinterest users by scammers to propagate surveys promising free products was noted by the computer security firm Symantec in March 2012."}, {"section_header": "Usage", "text": "The official figure from Pinterest was announced as 150 million monthly active users in October 2016 - 70 million in the U.S. and 80 million outside the U.S. - rising to 175 million monthly active users in April 2017 and 250 million in September 2018."}], "text": "Pinterest is used by over 200,000,000 people.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The soundtrack uses a variety of music genres, including Spaghetti Western and R&B. Prominent in the latter part of the film is David Bowie's theme from the 1982 film Cat People."}], "id": "W77KnmjTPppf5i8wKXLK", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Inglourious Basterds opened internationally at number one in 22 markets on 2,650 screens, making $27.49 million."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was later ranked #62 on a BBC critics' poll of the greatest films since 2000."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "By 2002, Tarantino found Inglourious Basterds to be a bigger film than planned and saw that other directors were working on World War II films."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "Tarantino originally wanted Ennio Morricone to compose the film's soundtrack."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "He further commented on Late Show with David Letterman that Inglourious Basterds is a \"Quentin Tarantino spelling\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The soundtrack, the first of Tarantino's not to include dialogue excerpts, was released on August 18, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The soundtrack uses a variety of music genres, including Spaghetti Western and R&B. Prominent in the latter part of the film is David Bowie's theme from the 1982 film Cat People."}], "text": "The film Inglourious Basterds did not have on its soundtrack \"Under Pressure.\"", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "id": "WAfSgNmHkAiq3nfE3fi1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At a time when French musicians were divided into conservative and progressive factions, Dukas adhered to neither but retained the admiration of both."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "Though adhering to neither the progressive nor conservative factions among French musicians of the era, Dukas had the friendship and respect of both."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In tandem with his composing career, Dukas worked as a music critic, contributing regular reviews to at least five French journals."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "In Dukas's piano works critics have discerned the influence of Beethoven, or, \"Beethoven as he was interpreted to the French mind by C\u00e9sar Franck\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "La P\u00e9ri was written for the Russian-French dancer Natalia Trouhanova, who starred in the first performance at the Ch\u00e2telet in 1912."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "Based on a tragedy by Corneille, the work, like many French works of the period, shows the influence of Wagner, but is coherent and displays some individuality."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "In 1920, Vincent d'Indy published a study of Dukas's music; Debussy remained a lifelong friend, though feeling that Dukas's music was not French enough; Saint-Sa\u00ebns worked with Dukas to complete an unfinished opera by Guiraud, and they were both engaged in the rediscovery and editing of the works of Jean-Philippe Rameau; Faur\u00e9 dedicated his Second Piano Quintet to Dukas in 1921.In 1920, he became a member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "Shortly before his death he had been working on a symphonic poem inspired by Shakespeare's The Tempest, a play of which he had made a French translation in 1918 with an operatic version in mind."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "Its ideational luxuriance, nobility of utterance and architectural solidity mark it as one of the most conspicuous achievements of contemporaneous writing, and magnificently refute the generally prevalent notion that no French composer has ever produced a great symphony.\" Like Franck's only symphony, Dukas's is in three movements rather than the conventional four."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}], "text": "Dukas was French.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed \"The Say Hey Kid\", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets."}], "id": "WCzr4rZcme8pqpXOP4C8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "The Mets agreed to keep him but mandated that he stay at home games for at least four innings."}, {"section_header": "Special honors and tributes", "text": "The band Widespread Panic makes reference to Mays in the song \"One Arm Steve\" from their album 'Til the Medicine Takes."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Mets (1972\u201373)", "text": "Mays is the only major league player to have hit a home run in every inning from the 1st through the 16th innings."}, {"section_header": "Special honors and tributes | Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "In September 2017, Major League Baseball announced their decision to rename the World Series Most Valuable Player Award after Mays, and it has since been referred to as the Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "According to Mays, Peter Magowan considered naming him the Giants' manager when he purchased the team after the 1992 season, but Mays was not interested because he had doubts about his ability to succeed in that capacity."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "Mays has his own charity, the Say Hey Foundation, which promotes youth baseball."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "Mays did teach the players skills, however; Lee Mazzilli learned the basket catch from him."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "Mays established a reputation for missing appointments during these years, and he also tended to go home before the start of games."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "Like Mays, Mantle had gone to work for an Atlantic City casino and had been required to give up any baseball positions he held."}, {"section_header": "\"Say Hey Kid\" and other nicknames", "text": "It is not clear how Mays became known as the \"Say Hey Kid.\" One story is that in 1951, Barney Kremenko, a writer for the New York Journal, began to refer to Mays as the 'Say Hey Kid' after he overheard Mays say, \"'Say who,' 'Say what,' 'Say where,' 'Say hey'\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed \"The Say Hey Kid\", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets."}], "text": "Mays was sometimes referred to in MLB as \"Willie Hay\".", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Willie Mays"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}], "id": "WJPHh5RylIWRSU9LaCWs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copies sold, and has inspired many derivatives in modern literature."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "She later renamed the story Pride and Prejudice around about 1811/1812, which she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to Thomas Egerton for \u00a3110 (equivalent to \u00a37,381 in 2019)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime, abridged by Sara Davies and read by Sophie Thompson."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include the following:  Mr Darcy's Daughters and The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy by Elizabeth Aston"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pamela Aidan is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of Pride and Prejudice from Mr Darcy's point of view: Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}], "text": "The novel Pride and Prejudice was adapted into a film in 2005 and the book has sold over 20 million copies.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}], "id": "WJiseJZOxVkSczA0NhXf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "Pu Yi, Henry (2010) Pu Yi, Henry (2010) [1967]. The Last Manchu: The Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "As Puyi was also the last ruling Emperor of China, he is widely known as \"The Last Emperor\" (Chinese: \u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: M\u00f2d\u00e0i Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Mo4-tai4 Huang2-ti4) in China and throughout the rest of the world."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "The next day, Puyi abdicated as Emperor of Manchukuo and declared in his last decree that Manchukuo was once again part of China."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "From 1963 onward, Puyi regularly gave press conferences praising life in the People's Republic of China, and foreign diplomats often sought him out, curious to meet the famous \"Last Emperor\" of China."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "Behr, Edward (1987). The Last Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Working as a simple gardener gave Puyi a degree of happiness he had never known as an emperor, though he was notably clumsy."}], "text": "Puyi was known as Henry and was the last Emperor of China.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was the first public national museum in the world."}], "id": "WNOQ3cfWVvEoxjUznptB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Collecting from the wider world (1850\u20131875)", "text": "Under his supervision, the British Museum Library (now part of the British Library) quintupled in size and became a well-organised institution worthy of being called a national library, the largest library in the world after the National Library of Paris."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public."}, {"section_header": "History | Foundation (1753)", "text": "The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum \u2013 national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything."}, {"section_header": "History | Collecting from the wider world (1850\u20131875)", "text": "Roughly contemporary with the construction of the new building was the career of a man sometimes called the \"second founder\" of the British Museum, the Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was the first public national museum in the world."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Libraries and archives", "text": "However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011."}, {"section_header": "Building", "text": "In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854\u20131857; at 140 feet (43 m) in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The museum nevertheless preserves its universality in its collections of artefacts representing the cultures of the world, ancient and modern."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum."}], "text": "British Museum is the second museum to be open to public in the world.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}], "id": "WO82jo8ltsK5XufC45fR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Ch\u014dsh\u016b Alliance between Saig\u014d Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Ch\u014dsh\u016b Domain."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "After K\u014dmei's death on January 30, 1867, Meiji ascended the throne on February 3."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "This was effectively the \"restoration\" (Taisei H\u014dkan) of imperial rule \u2013 although Yoshinobu still had significant influence and it was not until January 3, the following year, with the young Emperor's edict, that the restoration fully occurred."}, {"section_header": "Military reform", "text": "This reflected their belief in the more traditional practice of imperial rule, whereby the Emperor of Japan serves solely as the spiritual authority of the nation and his ministers govern the nation in his name."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": "The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country)."}, {"section_header": "Notes", "text": "1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genr\u014d), who helped in the restoration of imperial power."}, {"section_header": "Military reform", "text": "Emperor Meiji announced in his 1868 Charter Oath that \"Knowledge shall be sought all over the world, and thereby the foundations of imperial rule shall be strengthened."}], "text": "Meiji Restoration was an dishonorable event that restored practical imperial rule", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "The main exports from Sweden were iron and copper."}], "id": "WRp0nO3rOmuCAcsk0LlM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "Between 800 and 1000, trade brought an abundance of silver to Gotland, and according to some scholars, the Gotlanders of this era hoarded more silver than the rest of the population of Scandinavia combined."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Sweden's engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports, while telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are also of great importance."}, {"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "The main exports from Sweden were iron and copper."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Sweden is an export-oriented mixed economy."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Sweden is the ninth-largest arms exporter in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "By August 2014, 40% of home borrowers had interest-only loans while those that didn't were repaying principal at a rate that would take 100 years to fully repay."}, {"section_header": "History | Recent history", "text": "Among others, Swedish companies export weapons that were used by the American military in Iraq."}, {"section_header": "History | Swedish Empire", "text": "In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Energy", "text": "Sweden was in 2014 a net exporter of electricity by a margin of 16 TWh; the production from windpower mills had increased to 11.5 TWh."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Music", "text": "In 2007, with over 800 million dollars in revenue, Sweden was the third-largest music exporter in the world and surpassed only by the US and the UK."}], "text": "Sweden's principal export was silver", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island is in fact a marriage of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas on board the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife."}], "id": "WSGUyowrJaEGGos4bqXK", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "The name \"Israel Hands\" was taken from that of a real pirate in Blackbeard's crew, whom Blackbeard maimed (by shooting him in the knee) simply to ensure that his crew remained in terror of him."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Five real-life pirates mentioned are William Kidd (active 1696\u201399), Blackbeard (1716\u201318), Edward England (1717\u201320), Howell Davis (1718\u201319), and Bartholomew Roberts (1718\u201322)."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "The viceroy had much of his treasure with him, making this capture one of the richest pirate hauls ever."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "No such exploit of England's is known, nor any ship by the name of the Viceroy of the Indies."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Although he never visited Ireland, Stevenson based at least two other books, Kidnapped and Catriona on real crimes that were perpetrated in Dublin."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "David Kelly in his book Pirates of the Carraigin deals with the piracy and murder of Captain Glas and others on board a ship travelling from Tenerife to London by the Ship's Cook and his gang."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "The pirates of La Graciosa buried their treasure there before they were all killed during a bloody battle with the British navy."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Other allusions", "text": "1689: A pirate whistles \"Lillibullero\" (1689). 1702: The Admiral Benbow Inn where Jim and his mother live is named after the real life Admiral John Benbow (1653\u20131702)."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "originally England's second in command who had marooned him for being insufficiently ruthless), together with his pirate partner, Olivier Levasseur, captured the vessel Nostra Senhora"}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Scudamore was found guilty of willingly serving with Roberts' pirates and various related criminal acts, as well as attempting to lead a rebellion to escape once he had been apprehended."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy", "text": "Historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island is in fact a marriage of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas on board the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife."}], "text": "The book makes allusions to real historical pirates such as Blackbeard and Calico Jack.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Treasure Island"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film."}], "id": "WTs1yvAULvPj9vILeY8B", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Despite not winning Best Film, Gravity won six awards, the greatest number of awards in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director, the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, seven Critics' Choice Movie Awards, the 2013 Ray Bradbury Award, and the 2014 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "At the end of the weekend Gravity emerged victorious, generating $35.76 million in six days."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Gravity also won the 2014 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the 86th Academy Awards, Gravity received ten nominations, including Best Actress for Bullock and Best Picture, and won seven awards, including Best Director, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Cuar\u00f3n won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and the film was also nominated for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Actress \u2013 Drama for Bullock and Best Original Score."}], "text": "The film Gravity stars Sandra Bullock and was produced in the UK and won six BAFTAs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation", "text": "In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office\u2014the only time an American president has done so."}], "id": "WVl4ijHAbUIZ4uPc1yjc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation", "text": "The resignation speech was delivered from the Oval Office and was carried live on radio and television."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation", "text": "In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "In July 1973, White House aide Alexander Butterfield testified under oath to Congress that Nixon had a secret taping system and recorded his conversations and phone calls in the Oval Office."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Return to public life", "text": "That is perhaps what we were made for\u2014to be able to take punishment beyond what anyone in this office has had before particularly after leaving office."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Vietnam War", "text": "Once American combat support ended, there was a brief truce, before fighting broke out again."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "Rhodes told Nixon he faced certain impeachment in the House."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "These hearings culminated in votes for impeachment."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953\u20131961)", "text": "Nixon went to the historical campus of National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, got out of his car to confront the students, and stayed until forced back into the car by a volley of thrown objects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office\u2014the only time an American president has done so."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "The House Judiciary Committee opened impeachment hearings against the President on May 9, 1974, which were televised on the major TV networks."}], "text": "President Richard Nixon was impeached and forced out of the Oval Office before he could resign.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009."}], "id": "WX2JX5gTRtBP2GncwCGE", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Anime", "text": "In September 2005, Japanese television network TV Asahi broadcast a popularity poll based on a nationwide survey in which Naruto placed 17th."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "G\u014d felt readers could empathize with the characters in Naruto via their inner monologue during battles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English adaptation is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Part I", "text": "During the exams, Orochimaru, a wanted criminal, invades Konoha and kills the Third Hokage for revenge."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Part I", "text": "During the search, it is revealed that Orochimaru wishes to train Sasuke because of his powerful genetic heritage, the Sharingan."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Part II", "text": "During the conflict, it is revealed that Tobi is Obito Uchiha, a former teammate of Kakashi's who was thought to be dead."}, {"section_header": "Production | Characters", "text": "As a result of how the younger characters were significantly weaker than the villains, Kishimoto made the ellipsis in order to have them age and become stronger during this time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode."}, {"section_header": "Naruto run", "text": "If we naruto run, we can move faster than their bullets."}], "text": "The Naruto TV adaptation was transmitted in Europe during the 1990s.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}], "id": "WXF55DjDCmCFYrbkdd1i", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV (1559\u20131565) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562 at Santa Maria Maggiore, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563."}, {"section_header": "Publication of documents", "text": "A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545\u20131547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547\u20131548 and Trento 1551\u20131552 A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545\u20131547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547\u20131548 and Trento 1551\u20131552 (Vol III, 1970, 1998); The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion (Vol IV, 1976)."}, {"section_header": "Protestant response", "text": "The 1565\u201373 Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini (Examination of the Council of Trent) by Martin Chemnitz was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "More than three hundred years passed until the next ecumenical council, the First Vatican Council, was convened in 1869."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "This last period was begun especially as an attempt to prevent the formation of a general council including Protestants, as had  been demanded by some in France."}, {"section_header": "Background information | A general, free council in Germany", "text": "Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "The last minute inclusion of a decree on sacred images was a French initiative, and the text, never discussed on the floor of the council or referred to council theologians, was based on a French draft."}, {"section_header": "Decrees", "text": "Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea (787) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images."}, {"section_header": "Occasion, sessions, and attendance", "text": "When the last period began, all intentions of conciliating the Protestants was gone and the Jesuits had become a strong force."}], "text": "The Council of Trent lasted 18 years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Council of Trent"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Genre", "text": "The poem is not a conventional part of the Classical genre of Theocritan elegy, because it does not mourn an individual."}], "id": "WYyhjDWwCn5f5LSZfBG1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "One favourite theme was a meditation among ruins, such as John Langhorne's Written among the ruins of Pontefract Castle (1756),"}, {"section_header": "Influence | Other media", "text": "Another individual book was created in 1910 by the illuminator Sidney Farnsworth, hand written in italic script with a mediaeval decorative surround and more modern-looking inset illustrations."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "His \"A Summer Evening Churchyard, Lechlade, Gloucestershire\" is metrically more inventive and written in a six-line stanza that terminates Gray's cross-rhymed quatrain with a couplet."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "later \"Prison Thoughts: An elegy, written in the King's Bench Prison\", dating from 1816 and printed in 1821."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "Edward Moore's \u201cAn elegy, written among the ruins of a nobleman's seat in Cornwall\" (1756) and John Cunningham's \"An elegy on a pile of ruins\" (1761)."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "In 1995, Lorna Clymer argued, \"The dizzying series of displacements and substitutions of subjects, always considered a crux in Thomas Gray's \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\" (1751), results from a complex manipulation of epitaphic rhetoric.\" Later, Robert Mack, in 2000, explained that \"Gray's Elegy is numbered high among the very greatest poems in the English tradition precisely because of its simultaneous accessibility and inscrutability.\" He went on to claim that the poem \"was very soon to transform his life \u2013 and to transform or at least profoundly affect the development of lyric poetry in English\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "He also provided a final note explaining that the poem was written \"to make it appear a day scene, and as such to contrast it with the twilight scene of my excellent Friend's Elegy\"."}, {"section_header": "Genre", "text": "The poem is not a conventional part of the Classical genre of Theocritan elegy, because it does not mourn an individual."}], "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard was not written about any one specific individual.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend."}], "id": "WbXjMOXlq7AZgbJ7j5Tn", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Don't sleep on this movie\". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events\u2014and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On April 12, 2018, the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered on May 14."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film stars John David Washington as Stallworth, along with Adam Driver, Laura Harrier, and Topher Grace."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After passing information to the Army CID about active duty members, he learns from an FBI agent that two members are personnel stationed at NORAD."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was theatrically released in the United States on August 10, 2018, a day before the first anniversary of the Unite the Right rally."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}], "text": "The BlacKkKlansman movie was released along with two other movies.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Act IV, a wedding masque serves as a play-within-the play, and contributes spectacle, allegory, and elevated language."}], "id": "WgqUEvtGtVioHUOKn5KR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "Of the 40, only 12 are direct depictions of the action of the play: the others are based on action before the play begins, or on images such as \"full fathom five thy father lies\" or \"sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not\"."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Feminist", "text": "Thy mother was a piece of virtue, and"}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Screen", "text": "The adaptation focused heavily on the post-colonial legacy of the play, featuring as it did a racially mixed cast of young Londoners."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Screen", "text": "The 29-minute production, directed by Stanislav Sokolov and featuring Timothy West as the voice of Prospero, used stop-motion puppets to capture the fairy-tale quality of the play."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Shakespeare's day", "text": "The play was one of the six Shakespearean plays (and"}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "The Tempest is the first play in the publication."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Act IV, a wedding masque serves as a play-within-the play, and contributes spectacle, allegory, and elevated language."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Feminist", "text": "Because of the small role women play in the story in comparison to other Shakespeare plays, The Tempest has attracted much feminist criticism."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610\u20131611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone."}], "text": "This play prominently features a fictional play inside it.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "Another element of the plot was based on the experience of one of Diamond's friends, who returned home after breaking up with his girlfriend to find that she had committed suicide in his bed."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}], "id": "Wh99A9zwHZpQSZ8haHOj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They begin playing a game of gin rummy as Fran reveals that she has always suffered bad luck in her love life."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Scolding Bud for his apparent philandering, Dreyfuss advises him to \"be a mensch, a human being.\" Fran spends two days recuperating in the apartment, while Bud does his best to entertain and distract her from any suicidal thoughts, and a bond develops between them."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Another element of the plot was based on the experience of one of Diamond's friends, who returned home after breaking up with his girlfriend to find that she had committed suicide in his bed."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "However, due to the Hays Production Code, Wilder was unable to make a film about adultery in the 1940s."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "In another scene, where Lemmon was supposed to mime being punched, he failed to move correctly, and was accidentally knocked down."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Fran insists on resuming their gin rummy game, telling Bud she is now free as well."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He tells her he once attempted suicide himself over unrequited feelings for a girl who now sends him a fruitcake every Christmas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine."}], "text": "In the film, The Apartment, there are characters who commit adultery, suicide, play mimes that argue, and entertain themselves with a well-known pursuit of cards.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ncard game.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "Despite the name, Maroon 5 has now with seven members of the new lineup."}, {"section_header": "Band members", "text": "Current members  Adam Levine \u2013 lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1994\u2013present), lead guitar (1994\u20132001) Jesse Carmichael \u2013 keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1994\u20132012, 2014\u2013present) James Valentine \u2013 lead guitar, backing vocals (2001\u2013present) Matt Flynn \u2013 drums (2006\u2013present; touring member 2004\u20132006) PJ Morton \u2013 keyboards,"}], "id": "Wi9BTBrGmhGMnWOMUVuL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2002\u20132006: Songs About Jane and Dusick's departure", "text": "Maroon 5 played Live 8, in Philadelphia in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Band members", "text": "Current members  Adam Levine \u2013 lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1994\u2013present), lead guitar (1994\u20132001) Jesse Carmichael \u2013 keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1994\u20132012, 2014\u2013present) James Valentine \u2013 lead guitar, backing vocals (2001\u2013present) Matt Flynn \u2013 drums (2006\u2013present; touring member 2004\u20132006) PJ Morton \u2013 keyboards,"}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "On November 8, 2012, Maroon 5 performed \"Daylight\", the third single of the album was debuted on The Voice."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "The four original members of the band met while attending Brentwood School in Los Angeles."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "Despite the name, Maroon 5 has now with seven members of the new lineup."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Berkman told HitQuarters he believed what the band needed was a \"fifth member to play the guitar and free up the singer,"}, {"section_header": "History | 2019\u2013present: Super Bowl LIII halftime show, Madden's departure and upcoming seventh studio album", "text": "On June 8, the band performed in Capital's Summertime Ball, in the UK."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the \"unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8\"."}, {"section_header": "Musical style and influences", "text": "Songs About Jane consists of songs about Levine's ex-girlfriend Jane Herman."}], "text": "Maroon 5 actually consists of 8 members in the band.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}], "id": "WiO21Uhah8WggoLXcbTM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Includes \"14th Calypso,\" \"119th Calypso,\" and \"Nice Very Nice.\" Narrated by Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Vonnegut collaborated with US composer Dave Soldier for a CD titled Ice-9 Ballads, featuring nine songs with lyrics taken from Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Style", "text": "Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Vonnegut himself has claimed that his books \"are essentially mosaics made up of a whole bunch of tiny little chips...and each chip is a joke.\" After World War II, Kurt Vonnegut worked in the public relations department for the General Electric research company."}, {"section_header": "Challenges", "text": "Additionally, the book was also challenged in 1982 at New Hampshire's Merrimack High School."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme."}], "text": "Kurt Vonnegut wrote Cat's Cradle before he earned his master's from the school that had rejected him previously.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015."}], "id": "WlEm4VeCmQsrUZLfdZp2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band went on hiatus in January 2016, allowing all members to pursue other projects."}, {"section_header": "History | 2014\u20132015: Four", "text": "One Direction became the only group in the 58-year history of the Billboard 200 albums chart to have their first four albums debut at number one."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "At 16:00 (GMT+1) on 23 July 2020, One Direction premiered  a 4 minutes and 57 seconds video of memories of One Direction titled \"10 Years of One Direction\" in celebration of their anniversary."}, {"section_header": "History | 2014\u20132015: Four", "text": "The group also released an autobiography book titled Who We Are on 25 September 2014.On 8 September 2014, One Direction announced their fourth studio album to be titled Four, set to be released on 17 November 2014."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 22 July 2020, One Direction posted on their Twitter, Instagram and YouTube accounts a picture with the words \"10 Years of One Direction\" written in it and the caption \"Tomorrow!"}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Up All Night (2011) Take Me Home (2012) Midnight Memories (2013) Four (2014) Made in the A.M. (2015) One Direction has received seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six Billboard Music Awards, five Billboard Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among other awards."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 23 July 2020, One Direction announced a new website (10yearsof1d.com) for fans to relieve their favourite One Direction memories, but it soon crashed shortly after its announcement due to the high volume of fans entering at once."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "Members Payne, Horan, Tomlinson and Styles also posted on their individual social media pages, thanking their fans and all five current/former members for the support given through the past 10 years."}, {"section_header": "History | 2014\u20132015: Four", "text": "On 21 July 2014, One Direction announced One Direction: Where We Are - The Concert Film, a film which documents the concerts of 28 and 29 June 2014 that took place in San Siro Stadium during their"}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Take Me Home", "text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015."}], "text": "One Direction is a six man troupe that is now four because one member left in 2016.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple reportedly split in June 2019.Two years after the death of his father from lung cancer in 2011, he relocated to Los Angeles with his mother."}], "id": "WlM7bFXv5oNNJw6WvZht", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cooper's father was of Irish descent, while his mother is of Italian ancestry (from Abruzzo and Naples)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father, Charles Cooper, worked as a stockbroker for Merrill Lynch."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At an early age, his father introduced him to films like The Elephant Man, which inspired him to be an actor."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "The director was impressed by his performance in Wedding Crashers, citing his \"good bad-guy energy\" and unpredictability as justification for casting; he also thought that Cooper would be able to demonstrate emotion and vulnerability on screen."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple reportedly split in June 2019.Two years after the death of his father from lung cancer in 2011, he relocated to Los Angeles with his mother."}, {"section_header": "Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013\u20132017)", "text": "The film, and Cooper's performance, received generally positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Cooper's early years in the entertainment industry were marred with difficulties."}, {"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "Cooper's films have earned a total of $11.2 billion worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013\u20132017)", "text": "Cooper's preparation also included lessons with a vocal coach, and studying footage of Kyle."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "He's Just Not That Into You. Cooper's breakthrough role came in Todd Phillips' comedy The Hangover (2009)."}], "text": "Cooper's father died from a bad motorcycle accident.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Bradley Cooper"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Derived works | Fire & Blood", "text": "The first volume was released on November 20, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "The eighth and final season premiered on April 14, 2019."}], "id": "WpVyhSYKnnlQONzbFY3a", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "George R. R. Martin was already a successful fantasy and sci-fi author and TV writer before writing his A Song of Ice and Fire book series."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Fire & Blood", "text": "Fire & Blood is Martin's complete history of House Targaryen, to be released in two volumes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Genre", "text": "George R. R. Martin believes the most profound influences to be the ones experienced in childhood."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The first scholarly monograph on the series is George R. R. Martin and the Fantasy Form, by New Zealand scholar Joseph Rex Young."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "George R. R. Martin earned his following the hard way, by word of mouth, by hooking his characters into the psyche of his readers to an extent that most writers of fantasy only dream of."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Novellas", "text": "All three of these stories were incorporated as parts of Fire and Blood, a book chronicling the history of the Targaryen line."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020."}, {"section_header": "Plot synopsis", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire takes place in a fictional world in which seasons last for years and end unpredictably."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Fire & Blood", "text": "The first volume was released on November 20, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "The eighth and final season premiered on April 14, 2019."}], "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire author, George R. R. Martin wrote Fire & Blood, an entire history of popular House Targaryen, in an attempt to reclaim fans after the disastrous reception of the final season of the television adaptation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Song of Ice and Fire"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions \u2013 virtually all of which are for the keyboard."}], "id": "WvXkF6xAIF6aC8XRtYCm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was not always remote or aloof."}, {"section_header": "Life | At the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans (1837\u20131848)", "text": "Alkan neither asserted nor denied his paternity of Delaborde,"}, {"section_header": "Life | Early fame (1831\u20131837)", "text": "In January 1836, Liszt recommended Alkan for the post of Professor at the Geneva Conservatoire, which Alkan declined, and in 1837 he wrote an enthusiastic review of Alkan's Op."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to \"a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848\"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen."}, {"section_header": "Life | Reappearance (1873\u20131888)", "text": "\" Alkan later played Beethoven's Op."}, {"section_header": "Selected recordings", "text": "A comprehensive discography is available at the Alkan Society website."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "The profession of Alkan Morhange is given as \"music-paper ruler\"."}, {"section_header": "Music | Influences", "text": "As regards the music of his own time, Alkan was unenthusiastic, or at any rate detached."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "e.g. Alkan-Paganini, no. 5 of The History of Photography in Sound."}, {"section_header": "Selected recordings", "text": "V. Alkan: Piano Solo Concerto and Etudes Op."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions \u2013 virtually all of which are for the keyboard."}], "text": "Va;emtom Alkan was a well-known partier.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Valentin Alkan"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}], "id": "Wzu2qvgvaCfcNqvpyTdm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter batted left-handed and threw right-handed."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "As a part-time starter for the Yankees, Slaughter batted fifth and played in left field in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series in which teammate Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2\u20130 Yankees win."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was \"a Southern boy\", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938\u20131942 and 1946\u20131959."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "During that period, he was a 10-time All-Star and played in five World Series."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "This play was named #10 on the Sporting News list of Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments in 1999."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is noted primarily for his playing for the St. Louis Cardinals and is best known for scoring the winning run in Game 7 of the 1946 World Series."}], "text": "Enos Slaughter was paid for catching the ball when it was struck into the right-hand side of the play area by the man with the bat.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}], "id": "X1fKF62ihele58DhXgEQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "The new calendar duly replaced the Julian calendar, in use since 45 BC, and has since come into nearly universal use."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory's greatest success came in his patronage of colleges and seminaries which he founded on the Continent for the Irish and English, among others."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Cultural patronage", "text": "This measure enriched his treasury for a time, but alienated a great body of the nobility and gentry, revived old factions, and created new ones."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Because of Gregory's involvement, the reformed Julian calendar came to be known as the Gregorian calendar."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "The Gregorian calendar was not accepted in eastern Christendom for several hundred years, and then only as the civil calendar."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "By that time, the calendar trailed the seasons by 11 days."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "However, more than a century passed before Protestant Europe accepted the new calendar."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Great Britain and its American colonies adopted the reformed calendar in 1752, where Wednesday, 2 September 1752 was immediately followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752; they were joined by the last Protestant holdout, Sweden, on 1 March 1753."}], "text": "What is considered one of his greatest accomplishments as pope was the creation of the calendar we use today.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "In January 2020, HBO stated that the series is scheduled for a 2022 release and that the writing process has begun."}], "id": "X3729yuhOTnfQUzhJZtt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "In January 2020, HBO stated that the series is scheduled for a 2022 release and that the writing process has begun."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "This prequel, titled House of the Dragon, was picked up straight to series on October 29, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "In September 2019, Nellie Andreeva of Deadline Hollywood reported that a second prequel from Martin and Ryan Condal that \"tracks the beginning of the end for House Targaryen\" was close to receiving a pilot order from HBO; the project is not considered an original sixth script, as it builds upon Cogman's idea from 2017."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "The series began development in January 2007."}, {"section_header": "Production | Language", "text": "It was reported that 1.2 million people signed up for the course between 2017 and 2020."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "A week after the series finale, HBO released a behind-the-scenes documentary entitled Game of Thrones: The Last Watch."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "The 10-episode series is to be based on material from Fire and Blood, executive produced by Martin, Vince Gerardis, Condal, and Miguel Sapochnik; the latter two are to be its showrunners as well."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Home media", "text": "The box set sold over 350,000 copies in the first week after release, the largest first-week DVD sales ever for an HBO series, and the series set an HBO-series record for digital-download sales."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "In addition to originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Inspirations and derivations", "text": "A principal inspiration for the novels is the English Wars of the Roses (1455\u20131485) between the houses of Lancaster and York, reflected in Martin's houses of Lannister and Stark."}], "text": "In January of 2020, HBO said that House of Dragon is scheduled for a 2021 release.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character."}], "id": "X562GHa6EJsHOdgPVYVR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Musical score", "text": "I The film score was composed and conducted by Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa, who had scored most of MGM's historical films of the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Set design", "text": "Other elements of the circus were also historically accurate."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Set design", "text": "The chariot arena was modeled on a historic circus in Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected Ben-Hur for preservation by the National Film Registry for being a \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" motion picture."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence", "text": "Knowing that the chariot race would be primarily composed of close-up and medium shots, Wyler added the parade in formation (even though it was not historically accurate) to impress the audience with the grandeur of the arena."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected Ben-Hur for preservation by the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" In AD 26, Judah Ben-Hur (Charlton Heston) is a wealthy Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem, who lives with his mother, Miriam (Martha Scott); his sister, Tirzah (Cathy O'Donnell); and their female servant Amrah (Stella Vitelleschi)."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "The \"AFI 100 Years ... series\" were created by juries consisting of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics, and historians, with movies selected based on the film's popularity over time, historical significance, and cultural impact."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Other changes included incorporating an admiration for the Jewish culture and people (historical and modern), as well as representing the more pluralistic society of 1950s America rather than the \"Christian superiority\" view of Wallace's novel (though the movie retained a strongly positive religious portrayal of Early Christianity)."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "As filming progressed, vast amounts of footage were shot for this sequence."}], "text": "Ben-Hur is a historical film.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dorian Gray is the subject of a full-length portrait in oil by Basil Hallward, an artist impressed and infatuated by Dorian's beauty; he believes that Dorian's beauty is responsible for the new mood in his art as a painter."}], "id": "XAOpLGDx4kyVdg52OCYk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Publication history", "text": "With such textual changes, Oscar Wilde meant to diminish the moralistic controversy about the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Oscar Wilde said that, in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), three of the characters were reflections of himself: Basil Hallward is what I think I am: Lord Henry is what the world thinks of me: Dorian is what I would like to be\u2014in other ages, perhaps."}, {"section_header": "Allusions | Faust", "text": "About the literary hero, the author, Oscar Wilde, said, \"in every first novel the hero is the author as Christ or Faust.\" As in the legend of Faust, in The Picture of Dorian Gray a temptation (ageless beauty) is placed before the protagonist, which he indulges."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Textual revisions", "text": "In 1895, at his trials, Oscar Wilde said he revised the text of The Picture of Dorian Gray because of letters sent to him by the cultural critic Walter Pater."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As literature of the 19th century, The Picture of Dorian Gray \"pivots on a gothic plot device\" with strong themes interpreted from Faust."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Preface", "text": "In the essay The Artist as Critic, Oscar Wilde said:  The honest ratepayer and his healthy family have no doubt often mocked at the dome-like forehead of the philosopher, and laughed over the strange perspective of the landscape that lies beneath him."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Preface", "text": "Consequent to the harsh criticism of the magazine edition of the novel, the textual revisions to The Picture of Dorian Gray included a preface in which Wilde addressed the criticisms and defended the reputation of his novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Despite that censorship, The Picture of Dorian Gray offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding public morality."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dorian Gray is the subject of a full-length portrait in oil by Basil Hallward, an artist impressed and infatuated by Dorian's beauty; he believes that Dorian's beauty is responsible for the new mood in his art as a painter."}], "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical 13th novel by Oscar Wilde about confronting an ugly addiction to prostitutes and opium.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Picture of Dorian Gray"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Scheduling conflicts involving Jolie's Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), and a possible sequel to Salt (2010) led Jolie to end her involvement with Gravity, leaving Warner Bros. with doubts that the film would get made."}], "id": "XJD9DfD7EqMqQkmIGC89", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "Cuar\u00f3n wanted to do tracking shots, in part because the producers wanted to film it like an IMAX-style Discovery Channel documentary."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission."}, {"section_header": "Scientific accuracy", "text": "According to NASA Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, who took part in Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions STS-109"}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Cast Away, being the only person onscreen for a large part of the movie, and he began looking at a wide range of actors for the role."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Getting into the rig took a significant amount of time, so Bullock chose to stay in it for up to 10 hours a day, communicating with others through a headset."}, {"section_header": "Scientific accuracy", "text": "But the question that most people want me to answer is, how realistic was it?"}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Gravity emerged as one of the most successful sci-fi films of all time and the biggest box office hit of both Sandra Bullock's and George Clooney's careers."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Scheduling conflicts involving Jolie's Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), and a possible sequel to Salt (2010) led Jolie to end her involvement with Gravity, leaving Warner Bros. with doubts that the film would get made."}], "text": "Angelina Jolie did not want to be part of Gravity, so Sandra Bullock took her place.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later."}], "id": "XJmcAodb25djBDilWrWg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well."}, {"section_header": "Reign | 1990s", "text": "In August 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Diamond Jubilee and longevity", "text": "In March 2019, she opted to give up driving on public roads, largely as a consequence of a car crash involving her husband two months beforehand."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)."}, {"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne."}, {"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous \"fairytale Queen\"."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Diamond Jubilee and longevity", "text": "Elizabeth addressed the UN General Assembly for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive", "text": "Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as Edward was still young and likely to marry and have children of his own, who would precede Elizabeth in the line of succession."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later."}], "text": "Queen Elizabeth II knows how to fix cars.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Elizabeth II"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of April 2020, Ronaldo is also the most followed user on both Instagram and Facebook."}], "id": "XOCa9xm3SX2dT5kHE5v7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "Ronaldo has established a strong online presence; the most popular sportsperson on social media, he counted 438 million total followers across Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram by June 2020."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues", "text": "Documents, confirmed by Ronaldo's lawyers, state that Ronaldo paid a woman US$375,000 in a non-disclosure settlement."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "His autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "However, this bust was never used; instead, a new one was made by a Spanish sculptor, shown to the public on 15 June 2018.In February 2020"}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy", "text": "Ronaldo has made contributions to various charitable causes throughout his career."}, {"section_header": "Outside football", "text": "His sponsors earned $936 million in media value across his social media accounts between June 2016 to June 2017."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Juventus | 2019\u201320: Second season in Italy", "text": "On 22 February, Ronaldo scored for a record-equalling 11th consecutive Serie A game (a record shared with Gabriel Batistuta and Fabio Quagliarella), in what was his 1,000th senior professional game, in a 2\u20131 away win for Juventus against SPAL.On 17 June 2020, Cristiano Ronaldo started in the Coppa Italia Final against Napoli, although Juventus suffered a 4\u20132 defeat on penalties following a goalless draw after regulation time."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Reception", "text": "His managers, teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him."}, {"section_header": "Club career | Real Madrid | 2009\u201313: World record transfer and La Liga championship", "text": "Over the next two weeks, Ronaldo scored another four-goal haul against Sevilla, a hat-trick against Getafe, and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal, taking his league total to 38 goals, which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo S\u00e1nchez."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Style of play", "text": "Regarding Cristiano Ronaldo's unique style of taking free kicks, former Manchester United assistant manager Mike Phelan has commented: \"People used to put the ball down, walk away, run up and hit it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of April 2020, Ronaldo is also the most followed user on both Instagram and Facebook."}], "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo's standing among online fanatics dropped in 2020, causing him to lose a record he had held concerning accounts that paid attention to what his own published on a variety of platforms.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Cristiano Ronaldo"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark\u2013gluon plasmas."}], "id": "XPrtW7pJjahrqsEUh5pV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "This phenomenon is known as color confinement: quarks never appear in isolation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark\u2013gluon plasmas."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "a 1970 paper, Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani presented the so-called GIM mechanism to explain the experimental non-observation of flavor-changing neutral currents."}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "Heavier quarks can only be created in high-energy collisions (such as in those involving cosmic rays), and decay quickly; however, they are thought to have been present during the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang, when the universe was in an extremely hot and dense phase (the quark epoch)."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "When a gluon is transferred between quarks, a color change occurs in both; for example, if a red quark emits a red\u2013antigreen gluon, it becomes green, and if a green quark absorbs a red\u2013antigreen gluon, it becomes red."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "The only exception is the top quark, which may decay before it hadronizes."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Sea quarks", "text": "qq) pairs known as sea quarks (qs)."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Sea quarks", "text": "Sea quarks form when a gluon of the hadron's color field splits; this process also works in reverse in that the annihilation of two sea quarks produces a gluon."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Other phases of quark matter", "text": "The quark\u2013gluon plasma would be characterized by a great increase in the number of heavier quark pairs in relation to the number of up and down quark pairs."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "Conversely, as the distance between quarks increases, the binding force strengthens."}], "text": "Quark are not present in isolation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Quark"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She briefly had music lessons in facilities rented from the Music Academy of the West."}], "id": "XRaqKJ5UhCPN4GqD2J7q", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics", "text": "In April 2014, she publicly supported Marianne Williamson in her campaign for California's 33rd congressional district by attending a political press event."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "The concert benefited those recovering from the aftermath of the 2017 California wildfires and 2018 Southern California mudflows."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "During her California Dreams Tour, she raised over $175,000 for the Tickets-For-Charity fundraiser."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Her second concert tour, the California Dreams Tour, was reminiscent of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "After serving as a guest judge on American Idol, Perry released \"California Gurls\" featuring Snoop Dogg on May 7, 2010."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "Perry embarked on her second tour, the California Dreams Tour, in support of Teenage Dream from February 2011 to January 2012."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "All three of them and \"E.T.\", \"California Gurls\", and \"Hot n Cold\" have each sold over 5 million digital copies."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (n\u00e9e Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home, a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California on May 19, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She briefly had music lessons in facilities rented from the Music Academy of the West."}], "text": "Katy Perry attended University of California, Berkley.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He later adopted the last name Welch."}], "id": "XSnMX2KNN8b7vApLO3bp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Off the baseball field, Welch used his birth name throughout his life."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He later adopted the last name Welch."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The name change may have been spurred by a sportswriter's mistaken recording of the name in a box score."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "The league was planning to implement a system of player ratings which would be used to determine player salaries."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "He met with sharp criticism from Jim O'Rourke and other Brotherhood members, but the Players' League lasted only one season."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 \u2013 July 30, 1941), nicknamed \"Smiling Mickey\", was a Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Strikeout record", "text": "Though modern scorekeeping credits a pitcher with a strikeout in this situation, such an event was not always recorded as a strikeout by sportswriters of that era."}], "text": "Mickey Welch used the name Welch on the field but always used his real last name off the field which was Walsh.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Mickey Welch"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for many awards, including eight Academy Awards and a Tony Award, and has won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA Award."}], "id": "XV7J4ijJm4pbSVVnvKkN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For his work in these films, he was nominated for four Academy Awards, becoming the tenth actor to receive an Oscar nomination in three consecutive years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He earned three Oscar nominations for the film, as well as a BAFTA Award and two Grammys for his contributions to its U.S. Billboard 200 number one soundtrack and its chart-topping lead single \"Shallow\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Cooper began a relationship with Russian model"}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "To prepare, Cooper took dance training with the choreographer Mandy Moore, who describes Cooper as having \"some real natural dancing ability."}, {"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "Cooper supports organizations that help fight cancer."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cooper was married to actress Jennifer Esposito from 2006 to 2007."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father, Charles Cooper, worked as a stockbroker for Merrill Lynch."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "The year 2012 saw Cooper star in four films\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Cooper has abstained from alcohol since 2004, remarking that it would have destroyed his life."}, {"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "In 2015, Cooper spoke at The National Geographic Society for the group"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for many awards, including eight Academy Awards and a Tony Award, and has won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA Award."}], "text": "Cooper has 9 Oscars.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bradley Cooper"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 \u2013 April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named."}, {"section_header": "Early and family life | Early life and education", "text": "Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5, 1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington in Bedminster, New Jersey, in Somerset County, New Jersey."}], "id": "XXVtBziQkERYBd8m4Iss", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early and family life | Marriage and family", "text": "They had four other children who died before reaching adulthood."}, {"section_header": "Early and family life | Early life and education", "text": "Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5, 1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington in Bedminster, New Jersey, in Somerset County, New Jersey."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Communities", "text": "Georgia and its county seat Zebulon"}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Other", "text": "Liberty ship SS Zebulon Pike (appears in Episode 1 of Victory At Sea) General Zebulon Pike Lock and Dam No. 11 in Dubuque, Iowa"}, {"section_header": "Early and family life | Marriage and family", "text": "Zebulon Pike, Jr. married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Landforms", "text": "Pikes Pikes Peak Zebulon Pike Lake Reservoir in Morrison County, Minnesota"}, {"section_header": "Military career | War of 1812", "text": "In 1811, Lt. Col. Zebulon M. Pike with the 4th Infantry Regiment fought at the Battle of Tippecanoe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 \u2013 April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named."}, {"section_header": "Early and family life | Early life and education", "text": "He was the son of Isabella (Brown) and Zebulon Pike, and would follow in the footsteps of his father, who had begun his own career in the military service of the United States in 1775, at the outset of the American Revolutionary War."}, {"section_header": "Journals", "text": "Pike wrote an account from memory of his expeditions, which was published in 1810 as The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the Years 1805-6-7."}], "text": "Zebulon Pike had four kids that passed away and was born in Virginia.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Zebulon Pike"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Brief restoration (1917)", "text": "In 1917 the warlord Zhang Xun restored Puyi to the throne from July 1 to July 12."}], "id": "XcYTUG4l76J2ymWifWej", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "The selection process alone took an entire year."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "\"Puyi believed Manchukuo was just the beginning, and that within a few years he would again reign as Emperor of China, having the yellow Imperial Dragon robes used for coronation of Qing emperors brought from Beijing to Changchun."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Brief restoration (1917)", "text": "In 1917 the warlord Zhang Xun restored Puyi to the throne from July 1 to July 12."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "He resented being \"Head of State\" and then \"Emperor of Manchukuo\" rather than being fully restored as a Qing Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Captive in Manchuria (1931\u20131932)", "text": "the Washington treaties\". Itagaki suggested to Puyi that in a few years Manchukuo might become a monarchy and that Manchuria was just the beginning, as Japan had ambitions to take all of China; the obvious implication was that Puyi would become the Great Qing Emperor again."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "The next day, Puyi abdicated as Emperor of Manchukuo and declared in his last decree that Manchukuo was once again part of China."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department", "text": "The emperor overheard conversations among the eunuchs that made him fear for his life."}], "text": "Emperor Puyi was made emperor again in for the entire year  of 1917 after being dethroned in 1912", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses."}], "id": "XfpiBSBGwOniZhxsWZWf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Hull House", "text": "In 1889 Addams and her college friend and paramour Ellen Gates Starr co-founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "Hull House enabled Addams to befriend and become a colleague to early members of the Chicago School of Sociology."}, {"section_header": "Hull House | Near west side neighborhood", "text": "The Hull House neighborhood was a mix of European ethnic groups that had immigrated to Chicago around the start of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Hull House | Ethics", "text": "Addams brought in prominent visitors from around the world, and had close links with leading Chicago intellectuals and philanthropists."}, {"section_header": "Hull House", "text": "Addams, with the help of Ellen Gates Starr, founded the Chicago Public School Art Society (CPSAS) in response to the positive reaction the art classes for children caused."}, {"section_header": "Hull House", "text": "One aspect of the Hull House that was very important to Jane Addams was the Art Program."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "Although, untenured, women residents of Hull House taught classes in the Chicago Sociology Department."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "Hull House buildings were demolished for the establishment of the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago, in 1963, and relocated."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "Addams was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame in 2012."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "The University of Chicago Sociology department was established in 1892, three years after Hull House was established (1889)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses."}], "text": "Addams was 1 of the co-founders of the Hull House in Chicago.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jane Addams"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff in 1945 at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Kathleen \"Kitty\" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (n\u00e9e Rogers; 1909\u20131996) and Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913\u20131980)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the London Philharmonic Orchestra before the Second World War."}], "id": "Xl8gUGjyZAXPwOe0UPyc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the London Philharmonic Orchestra before the Second World War."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab driving in order to support the family."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dame Helen Lydia Mirren,  (n\u00e9e Mironoff (ru \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 - Elena Lydia Vasilievna Mironova) ; born 26 July 1945) is an English actor."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2003, Mirren was appointed a Dame (DBE) for services to drama."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Becoming Helen Mirren. Troubador Press."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mirren married the American director Taylor Hackford (her partner since 1986) on 31 December 1997."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!\" Mirren, Helen (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the East End of London during the Blitz."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He and Kathleen were married in July 1945, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff in 1945 at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Kathleen \"Kitty\" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (n\u00e9e Rogers; 1909\u20131996) and Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913\u20131980)."}], "text": "Dame Helen Mirren married a cab driver.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Helen Mirren"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1878 he would transfer to the minor league Holyoke Shamrocks, where he became known for hitting home runs across the field into the Connecticut River."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "This so-impressed Springfield baseball boss Bob Ferguson that he signed Connor onto the National League (NL) Troy Trojans"}], "id": "XqgTKPrCp7rpdvLtHi2e", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Though he was left-handed, Connor was initially a third baseman; in early baseball, left-handed third basemen were more common than they are in modern baseball."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connor was the third of eleven children born to the family, though two did not survive childhood."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: \"Roger Connor was a complete player \u2014 a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds).\"He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "This so-impressed Springfield baseball boss Bob Ferguson that he signed Connor onto the National League (NL) Troy Trojans"}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "Also on that 1880 Trojans team, though much older, was player-manager Bob \"Death to Flying Things"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "In Connor's first year with the Troy Trojans, he teamed with future Hall of Fame players Dan Brouthers, Buck Ewing, Tim Keefe and Mickey Welch, all of whom were just starting their careers."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "Connor committed 60 errors in 83 games and sustained a shoulder injury, prompting a position change to first baseman for 1881.He later played for the New York Gothams, and, due to his great stature, gave that team the enduring nickname \"Giants\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1878 he would transfer to the minor league Holyoke Shamrocks, where he became known for hitting home runs across the field into the Connecticut River."}], "text": "Roger Connor was recruited by the Trojans because he was a left-handed third baseman.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death."}], "id": "Xsn7p7Cwl5xMZXoho16H", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "According to the Midrash, the plural form of the word \"weeping\" indicates a double sorrow, implying that Rebecca also died at this time."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "According to Rashi, the three miracles that characterized Sarah's tent while she was alive, and that disappeared with her death, reappeared when Rebecca entered the tent."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her family sent her off with her nurse, Deborah (according to Rashi), and blessed her, \"Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes.\" As Rebecca and her entourage approached Abraham's home, they spied Isaac from a distance in the fields of Beer-lahai-roi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram-Naharaim."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age of his mother, Sarah, had been at her death."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to the Talmud, immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a lentil stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father, Isaac."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}], "text": "According to the ancient texts, Rebecca was barren.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE."}], "id": "XwY2U0t3DSR9WmL08pmM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The people of India used an alcoholic drink called Sura made from fermented rice, barley, jaggery, and flowers of the madhyaka tree."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "Many higher alcohols are produced by hydroformylation of alkenes followed by hydrogenation."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Thus, human bodies contain some quantity of alcohol endogenously produced by these bacteria."}, {"section_header": "Applications", "text": "y produced in 1980. The combined capacity of the other alcohols is about the same, distributed roughly equally."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "In the Ziegler process, linear alcohols are produced from ethylene and triethylaluminium followed by oxidation and hydrolysis."}, {"section_header": "Production | Hydration reactions", "text": "Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "In rare cases, this can be sufficient to cause \"auto-brewery syndrome\" in which intoxicating quantities of alcohol are produced."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Saccharomyces yeast are known to produce these higher alcohols at temperatures above 75 \u00b0F (24 \u00b0C)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "This metabolic reaction produces ethanol as a waste product."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE."}], "text": "Alcohol has likely been produced by people for approximately 4,000 years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin."}], "id": "XwfwL4Q8oFIrHy2WCfkx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "another being the Academy of Fine Arts)."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The gate was previously illuminated after attacks in Jerusalem and Orlando."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve."}, {"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "After Germany's surrender and the end of the war, the governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it in a joint effort."}], "text": "The senate in Berlin lets the gate be illuminated for events in cities with a special connection to Berlin.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Nine months after the launch the website had 10,000 users."}], "id": "Y4LkXSltplK1YdmlyNJD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Although starting out as a \"social network\" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010."}, {"section_header": "Features and content", "text": "In later years, Pinterest has also been described as a \"visual search engine\"."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Exploring", "text": "In March 2020, Pinterest introduced the \"Today\" tab on the home feed which shows trending pins."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission."}, {"section_header": "Features and content", "text": "Users can follow and unfollow other users as well as boards, which would fill the \"home feed\"."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "A \"nopin\" HTML meta tag was released by Pinterest on 20 February 2012 to allow websites to opt out of their images being pinned."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Exploring", "text": "The home feed is a collection of Pins from the users, boards, and topics followed, as well as a few promoted pins and pins Pinterest has picked."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In 2015, investors valued Pinterest, Inc. at $11 billion, making it a \"unicorn\" (a start-up with a valuation exceeding $1 billion)."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In October 2012, Pinterest launched business accounts allowing businesses to either convert their existing personal accounts into business accounts or start from scratch."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Nine months after the launch the website had 10,000 users."}], "text": "Pinterest started as an at home company  in 2009 and took two years to kickoff and be a success.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2004 the novel was selected for Oprah's Book Club."}], "id": "Y4WN0Xpvj3JVTmPFfnE0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2004 the novel was selected for Oprah's Book Club."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The painting shows two characters each reading the book on the London Underground; it is one of his ongoing series of paintings entitled, \"London\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter was picked for Winfrey's Book Club.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Gift of the Magi\" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "In 1977, Muppet creator Jim Henson produced a one-hour television adaptation of the story, filmed in Toronto for HBO in the United States and CBC in Canada."}], "id": "Y4tDtcGNyTg1Of7zkn7c", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "In the 1978 Christmas special Christmas Eve on Sesame Street, Ernie and Bert do a parody of \"The Gift of the Magi\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "In 1977, Muppet creator Jim Henson produced a one-hour television adaptation of the story, filmed in Toronto for HBO in the United States and CBC in Canada."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Gift of the Magi\" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "As a segment of O. Henry's Full House (1952) The Gift of the Magi (1958)  The Gift of Love (1978) Dary mag\u00f3w (Poland, 1972) Christmas Eve on Sesame Street (1978) I'll not be a gangster, love ("}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "The special features several original songs written by songwriter Paul Williams."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "The twins both believe the sacrifice is the greatest gift of all, leaving Angelica in bitter Christmas spirits until she returns the original gifts."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story ends with the narrator comparing the sacrificial gifts of love with those of the biblical Magi."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story starts with a girl named Della, who has only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story was initially published in The New York Sunday World under the title \"Gifts of the Magi\" on December 10, 1905."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media", "text": "The 2009 Christmas episode of Robot Chicken features a parody of \"The Gift of the Magi\", where Jim refuses to sell his watch for expensive brushes and buys Della lingerie instead, much to her displeasure."}], "text": "The Gift of the Magi, originally a short story, was adapted for Sesame Street and by Jim Henson as a Muppet special.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Gift of the Magi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "Richard was barely two years old when his mother died on 31 October, six days after the birth of Graham, the family's thirteenth child."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "Richard remained forever grateful and loving to Cis throughout his life, later going on to say: \"When my mother died she, my sister, had become my mother, and more mother to me than any mother could ever have been ... I was immensely proud of her ... she felt all tragedies except her own\"."}], "id": "Y6HExtBjgzUXkQJvboYy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "In autumn of 1943, Philip planned to adopt Richard, but was not able to do so as he was 20 days too young to be 21 years older than his ward, a legal requirement."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "From the age of five to eight, Richard was educated at the Eastern Primary School while he attended the Boys' segment of the same school from eight to twelve years old."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "Richard was barely two years old when his mother died on 31 October, six days after the birth of Graham, the family's thirteenth child."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "Richard remained forever grateful and loving to Cis throughout his life, later going on to say: \"When my mother died she, my sister, had become my mother, and more mother to me than any mother could ever have been ... I was immensely proud of her ... she felt all tragedies except her own\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal views", "text": "Melvyn Bragg, in the notes of his Richard Burton: A Life, says that Burton told Laurence Olivier around 1970 of his  (unfulfilled) plans to make his own film of Macbeth with Elizabeth Taylor, knowing that this would hurt Olivier because he had failed to gain funding for his own cherished film version more than a decade earlier."}, {"section_header": "Health problems", "text": "Health issues continued to plague him until his death at the age of 58."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In turn, Burton declined to attend his father's funeral after the elder Burton died from a cerebral haemorrhage in January 1957 at age 81."}, {"section_header": "Health problems", "text": "By the age of 41, he had declined so far in health that by his own admission his arms were thin and weak."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Burton died at age 58 from a brain haemorrhage on 5 August 1984 at his home in C\u00e9ligny, Switzerland, where he was later buried."}, {"section_header": "Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960\u20131969)", "text": "The Time magazine critic found the film, \"riddled with flaws, [lacking] style both in image and in action\" and that Burton \"staggers around looking ghastly and spouting irrelevance\"."}], "text": "Richard Burton was rasied by his older sister starting around the age of two.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Burton"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "While filming Dark Season, Winslet, aged 15, began a romantic relationship with the actor-writer Stephen Tredre, then aged 28."}], "id": "Y6P1fdcudDecCm2Ze4hV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "She refused the offer but began dating him."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Her next release of the year, Collateral Beauty, about a man (played by Will Smith) struggling with the death of his daughter, was panned by critics."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Winslet, who weighed 13 stone 3 pounds (84 kg; 185 lb) at the time, played the daughter of an obese woman in it."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (n\u00e9e Bridges) and Roger John Winslet."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Her part was that of Reet, a schoolgirl who helps her classmates fight against a sinister man distributing free computers to her school."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "She next took on the role of the young daughter of a bankrupt self made man (played by Ray Winstone) in the television sitcom"}, {"section_header": "Career | 2004\u20132007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children", "text": "Winslet was paid \u00a36 million to star in her next release of the year, the drama Finding Neverland."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Winslet starred as the femme fatale Tilly Dunnage, a seamstress who returns to her hometown years after she was accused of murder."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "A year after Tredre's death, Winslet met Jim Threapleton on the set of Hideous Kinky, in which he was an assistant director."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "While filming Dark Season, Winslet, aged 15, began a romantic relationship with the actor-writer Stephen Tredre, then aged 28."}], "text": "Kate Winslet dated a man 13 years her elder.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father, James (\"Jim\") McCartney, was absent from his son's birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II."}], "id": "Y7KRUoNMTS5Fuxl8a3Hs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (n\u00e9e Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Football", "text": ": my father was born in Everton, my family are officially Evertonians, so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the two, I would have to support Everton."}, {"section_header": "Lifestyle | Creative outlets", "text": "His father invited Paul and his brother Michael to solve crosswords with him, to increase their \"word power\", as McCartney said."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir James Paul McCartney  (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "McCartney's loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was 17.McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist who led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When McCartney was 11, his father encouraged him to audition for the Liverpool Cathedral choir, but he was not accepted."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The children were baptised in their mother's Catholic faith, even though their father was a former Protestant who had turned agnostic."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father, James (\"Jim\") McCartney, was absent from his son's birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman", "text": "I was with somebody else [that night] ... and I saw Paul at the other side of the room."}], "text": "Paul McCartney's father was not at the hospital when he was born.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "}   . Similarly, the mass of a system that absorbs a photon is increased by a corresponding amount."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless."}], "id": "Y9qJbndC14Ed7IMV85TR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave\u2013particle duality, their behavior featuring properties of both waves and particles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "Thus, it would still be the speed of spacetime ripples (gravitational waves and gravitons), but it would not be the speed of photons."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass", "text": "Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "}   . Similarly, the mass of a system that absorbs a photon is increased by a corresponding amount."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Hadronic properties", "text": "According to VMD, the photon is a superposition of the pure electromagnetic photon which interacts only with electric charges and vector mesons."}, {"section_header": "Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system", "text": "Since photons contribute to the stress\u2013energy tensor, they exert a gravitational attraction on other objects, according to the theory of general relativity."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum", "text": "Because photons always move at the speed of light, the spin is best expressed in terms of the component measured along its direction of motion, its helicity, which must be \u00b1\u0127."}, {"section_header": "Bose\u2013Einstein model of a photon gas", "text": "2001.The modern view on this is that photons are, by virtue of their integer spin, bosons (as opposed to fermions with half-integer spin)."}, {"section_header": "Bose\u2013Einstein model of a photon gas", "text": "Einstein showed that this modification is equivalent to assuming that photons are rigorously identical and that it implied a \"mysterious non-local interaction\", now understood as the requirement for a symmetric quantum mechanical state."}], "text": "Photons, according to our best current models, have no \"mass\" but still increase that of other things.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Photon"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city."}], "id": "YAtlPztmHNi2suUcoZA6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 ("}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "In the time of Frederick William (1688), shortly after the Thirty Years' War and a century before the gate was constructed, Berlin was a small walled city within a star fort with several named gates: Spandauer Tor, St. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor, C\u00f6penicker Tor, Neues Tor, and Leipziger Tor (see map)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the M\u00e4rkisches Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city."}], "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was built before it was on strictly \"German\" land.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "id": "YDbv66bjJkEVRVGIZ1ar", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "Pu Yi, Henry (2010) Pu Yi, Henry (2010) [1967]. The Last Manchu: The Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "And, in the last resort, Puyi was far more valuable alive than dead\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "But his smile lasted only a second."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b], Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d\u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823\u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "As Puyi was also the last ruling Emperor of China, he is widely known as \"The Last Emperor\" (Chinese: \u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: M\u00f2d\u00e0i Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Mo4-tai4 Huang2-ti4) in China and throughout the rest of the world."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "Behr, Edward (1987). The Last Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department", "text": "The reform efforts did not last long before Puyi was forced out of the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": ", Puyi married his fifth and last wife, Li Shuxian, a nurse of Han Chinese ethnicity."}], "text": "Puyi was the last Sultan of Mongolia.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2]."}], "id": "YFiW5X7ktlnUqG5gYdyt", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2]."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights and Anne Bront\u00eb's Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of her sister Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels."}, {"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The novel was first published together with Anne Bront\u00eb's Agnes Grey in a three-volume format: Wuthering Heights occupied the first two volumes, while Agnes Grey made up the third."}, {"section_header": "Publication | 1850 edition", "text": "In 1850, when a second edition of Wuthering Heights was due, Charlotte Bront\u00eb edited the original text, altering punctuation, correcting spelling errors and making Joseph's thick Yorkshire dialect less opaque."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "In her 2019 novel, The West Indian, Valerie Browne Lester imagines an origin story for Heathcliff in 1760s Jamaica."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"The American Whig Review wrote \"Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "This version, which stays close to the original novel, received a nomination for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards, elected by pupils from 170 schools in the United Kingdom."}], "text": "The original text was published in 1847 by Thomas Cautley Newby.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "Suffering also from tuberculosis and depression, Zinaida committed suicide in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "They had two daughters, Zinaida (1901 \u2013 5 January 1933) and Nina (1902 \u2013 9 June 1928), both born in Siberia."}], "id": "YG7qvTTV0NYw6g3WsEvx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "Both daughters married, and Zinaida had children, but the daughters died before their parents."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Fate of Left Oppositionists after Trotsky's exile (1929\u20131941)", "text": "However, Rakovsky was cited in allegations involving the killing of Sergey Kirov, and was arrested and imprisoned in late 1937, during the Great Purge."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "Aleksandra later escaped from Siberia with their daughters."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "The blow to his head was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Trotsky's house in Coyoac\u00e1n has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902\u20131903)", "text": "Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "Zinaida Volkova followed her father into exile in Berlin, taking her son by her second marriage but leaving behind a daughter in Russia."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "The raid was largely thwarted by Knudsen's daughter, Hj\u00f8rdis, although the burglars did take a few papers from the nearest table as they left."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The foundation \"International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum\" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Fate of Left Oppositionists after Trotsky's exile (1929\u20131941)", "text": "Also among the Medvedev Forest victims was Trotsky's sister/"}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "Suffering also from tuberculosis and depression, Zinaida committed suicide in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Early political activities and life (1896\u20131917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899\u20131902)", "text": "They had two daughters, Zinaida (1901 \u2013 5 January 1933) and Nina (1902 \u2013 9 June 1928), both born in Siberia."}], "text": "Leon Trotsky's daughter killed herself.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}], "id": "YJfeDLc8jgq6Ltf0nLj1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In Search of Lost Time (French: \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871\u20131922)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way\u2014Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way\u2014Cities of the Plain; The Captive\u2014The Fugitive\u2014Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume Seven: Time Regained", "text": "Inside, while waiting in the library, he discerns their meaning: by putting him in contact with both the past and present, the impressions allow him to gain a vantage point outside time, affording a glimpse of the true nature of things."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Volume Seven: Time Regained", "text": "The last part of the conversation draws a crowd of suspicious onlookers."}], "text": "Remembrance of Things Past has eight parts.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Remembrance of Things Past"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in)."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "In 1861, Charlemagne's tomb was opened by scientists who reconstructed his skeleton and estimated it to be measured 1.95 metres (6 ft 5 in)."}], "id": "YSsumpCtfaijC47h7ItG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Administration | Political reforms | Divisio regnorum", "text": "The imperial title was not mentioned, which led to the suggestion that, at that particular time, Charlemagne regarded the title as an honorary achievement that held no hereditary significance."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "This writes the view of Pirenne when he says \"Charles was the Emperor of the ecclesia as the Pope conceived it, of the Roman Church, regarded as the universal Church\"."}, {"section_header": "Cultural uses | Middle Ages", "text": "Charlemagne was a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies who enjoyed an important legacy in European culture."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Avar campaigns", "text": "Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "Towards the end, he dragged one leg."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "Nonetheless, the Pope took the extraordinary step of creating one."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "\"With Charlemagne's coronation, therefore, \"the Roman Empire remained, so far as either of them [Charlemagne and Leo] were concerned, one and indivisible, with Charles as its Emperor\", though there can have been \"little doubt that the coronation, with all that it implied, would be furiously contested in Constantinople\"."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "The office was treated as joint property: one Mayorship held by two brothers jointly."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle."}, {"section_header": "Cultural uses | Middle Ages", "text": "One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centres on his deeds\u2014the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of Roland fame\u2014and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in)."}, {"section_header": "Appearance | Physical appearance", "text": "In 1861, Charlemagne's tomb was opened by scientists who reconstructed his skeleton and estimated it to be measured 1.95 metres (6 ft 5 in)."}], "text": "Charlemagne was the one percent in regards to proportions.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically \"ideas\") on the World Wide Web using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards."}], "id": "YY48edlSivSFU4CdSXXP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In Alex Heath's article on Business Insider, he sheds a light to Pinterest's interest in becoming a search company, hence, \"the company is putting search front and center in its app with [Pinterest Lens]\"."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "At the 2012 Webby Awards, Pinterest won Best Social Media App and People's Voice Award for best functioning visual design."}, {"section_header": "Usage", "text": "In February 2013, Reuters and ComScore stated that Pinterest had 48.7 million users globally, and a study released in July 2013 by French social media agency"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically \"ideas\") on the World Wide Web using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Exploring | Visual search", "text": "In 2017, Pinterest introduced a \"visual search\" function that allows users to search for elements in images (existing pins, existing parts of a photo, or new photos) and guide users to suggested similar content within Pinterest's database."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "Co-founder Paul Sciarra left his position at Pinterest in April 2012 for a consulting job as entrepreneur in residence at Andreessen Horowitz."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions", "text": "The Instapaper team will both work on the core Pinterest experience and updating Instapaper."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Although starting out as a \"social network\" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Exploring", "text": "Promoted Pins are based on an individual user's interests, things done on Pinterest, or a result of visiting an advertiser's site or app."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Copyrighted content", "text": "Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission."}], "text": "Pinterest is a social media for people to make connections for professionals who are interested in job searches and connecting with others in certain work fields.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "id": "YZ9TjUqva6MykJeRo0WD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "In his final two playing seasons he served as a player-coach, batting over .300 in both 1962 and 1963.In 19 seasons as a player, Schoendienst compiled a .289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI,"}, {"section_header": "Minor leagues and military service (1942\u20131944)", "text": "This strong start earned him a promotion to the double-A International League's (IL) Rochester Red Wings, where he batted .337 in 136 games with 21 doubles, six home runs (HR) and 20 stolen bases (SB)."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "He remained an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "There are no living players who played on an earlier World Series-winning team."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."}, {"section_header": "Minor leagues and military service (1942\u20131944)", "text": "His .337 average was the league's best; he won the IL's Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and gained visibility as a top prospect."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "It was the first All-Star game to go to extra innings."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998)."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "text": "Red Schoendienst player 2nd base as a professional MLB player and was in MLB for seventy six straight seasons.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Early works (1988\u20131990)", "text": "It was the beginning of a steady shift in the duo's style from pop rock to 80's hard rock."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as \"soft\", the other two are \"fast and rocking\"."}], "id": "YZOUwvVXgd9NrLcEYMhM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music style", "text": "The band experimented with its style, \"going from dance-rock to hard rock to blues to J-pop and back\" according to AllMusic."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "In the review of their best-selling album B'z The Best \"Ultra Pleasure\", Adam Greenberg of AllMusic notes that they \"had some criticism as being more of a pop band with a rock tinge than a full-fledged rock band\", but throughout their career they show strong rock elements including \"'80s-styled extended electric guitar solo\" and \"blues-based rock\" with various Western rock influences combined with their distinctive style."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Matsumoto's guitar skills have been praised to suits the \"top guitar master in Asia\", with \"fretboard histrionics\" and \"great sense of riff\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "It is considered that Matsumoto's guitar style has been influenced by the hard rock sound of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, while Inaba who was interested in rock music since elementary school also listened to Queen, Loudness, Aerosmith and others."}, {"section_header": "History | Early works (1988\u20131990)", "text": "It was the beginning of a steady shift in the duo's style from pop rock to 80's hard rock."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "It has also been described as a \"ultra-commercial blend of hard rock, blues, and synthesizer pop\"."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as \"soft\", the other two are \"fast and rocking\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Transitioning into hard rock (1991\u20131992)", "text": "28 October marked the release of their sixth album, Run, and proved to be even more hard rock oriented than the previous."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "On Magic (2009), for example, they have combined \"happy-go-lucky moods and hard rock aesthetics\", but instead to sound like Western glam metal"}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Marty Friedman compared them to Aerosmith, but stated to prefer more B'z because of Inaba's type of voice and high vocal technique, and Matsumoto's personality while playing the guitar solo."}], "text": "The band B'z was all hard rock, and his guitar style is an alternative one unknown to Asia.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "Franz Anton gave Carl Maria a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's frequent moves."}], "id": "YamEGwufAbghynZvIRfD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "In April 1779 Franz Anton had been appointed director of the prince-bishopric orchestra Eutin which, however, was dissolved 1781 because of spending caps."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "His ambitious and dedicated work as director of the orchestra was acknowledged though his tempi were frequently criticized as too fast."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "He changed to the position of Eutin's municipal music director."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "Weber was born in Eutin, Bishopric of L\u00fcbeck, the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber and his second wife, Genovefa Weber, a Viennese singer."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "Weber's unfinished opera Die drei Pintos (The Three Pintos) was originally given by his widow to Giacomo Meyerbeer for completion; it was eventually completed by Gustav Mahler, who conducted the first performance in Leipzig on 20 January 1888."}, {"section_header": "Works | Vocal works with orchestra", "text": "for soprano and orchestra, Op. 50"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "Vogler recommended his 17-year-old pupil Carl Maria to the post of Director at the Breslau Opera in 1804, who was offered and accepted the mission."}, {"section_header": "Works | Vocal works with orchestra", "text": "In seiner Ordnung schafft der Herr for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 36"}, {"section_header": "Works | Vocal works with orchestra", "text": ", J. 154 (1812) Cantata Kampf und Sieg for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op."}, {"section_header": "Works | Vocal works with orchestra", "text": "J. 50 (1806\u20137) Symphony No. 2 in C. J. 51 (1807) Cantata Der erste Ton for chorus and orchestra,"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "Franz Anton gave Carl Maria a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's frequent moves."}], "text": "Carl Maria von Weber was given lessons by the Eutin orchestra director.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Carl Maria von Weber"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe d\u0292o\u02c8vanni pa\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 2 March 1876 \u2013 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died."}], "id": "Yb9B2f3AvWIjOmlF80Jq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "\"Pius XII often elevated young priests as bishops, such as Julius D\u00f6pfner (35 years) and Karol Wojtyla (later Pope John Paul II, 38 years), one of his last appointees in 1958."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "Side-effects of the treatment included hallucinations, from which the Pope suffered in his last years."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "He found it increasingly difficult to chastise subordinates and appointees such as his physician, Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi, who after numerous indiscretions was excluded from Papal service for the last years, but, keeping his title, was able to enter the papal apartments to make photos of the dying Pope, which he sold to French magazines."}, {"section_header": "Recent developments", "text": "On 19 September 2008, Pope Benedict XVI held a reception for conference participants during which he praised Pius XII as a pope who made every effort to save Jews during the war."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "\"These years were also plagued by horrific nightmares."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "Five years after the publication of Hitler's Pope, Cornwell stated: \"I would now argue, in the light of the debates and evidence following Hitler's Pope, that Pius XII had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "A long illness in late 1954 caused the Pope to consider abdication."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "The Pope avoided long ceremonies, canonizations and consistories and displayed hesitancy in personnel matters."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "A number of other scholars replied with favourable accounts of Pius XII, including Margherita Marchione's Yours Is a Precious Witness: Memoirs of Jews and Catholics in Wartime Italy (1997), Pope Pius XII: Architect for Peace (2000) and Consensus and Controversy: Defending Pope Pius XII (2002); Pierre Blet's Pius XII and the Second World War, According to the Archives of the Vatican (1999); and Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope (2000)."}, {"section_header": "Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope", "text": "In specific riposte to Cornwell's criticism, American Rabbi and historian David Dalin published The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe d\u0292o\u02c8vanni pa\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 2 March 1876 \u2013 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died."}], "text": "Pope Pius XII served as a pope for 19 years.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Pius XII"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u00c6thelred II (Old English: \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d, pronounced [\u00e6\u00f0elr\u00e6\u02d0d]; c. 966 \u2013 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death."}], "id": "YdhFM31T4jss08bK1W3A", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His epithet does not derive from the modern word \"unready\", but rather from the Old English unr\u00e6d meaning \"poorly advised\"; it is a pun on his name, which means \"well advised\"."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "The element r\u00e6d in unr\u00e6d is the same element in \u00c6thelred's name that means \"counsel\"."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "\u00c6thelred's first name, composed of the elements \u00e6\u00f0ele, \"noble\", and r\u00e6d, \"counsel, advice\", is typical of the compound names of those who belonged to the royal House of Wessex, and it characteristically alliterates with the names of his ancestors, like \u00c6thelwulf (\"noble-wolf\"), \u00c6lfred (\"elf-counsel\"), Eadweard (\"rich-protection\"), and Eadgar (\"rich-spear\").\u00c6thelred's notorious nickname, Old English Unr\u00e6d, is commonly translated into present-day English as \"The Unready\" (less often, though less inaccurately, as \"The Redeless\")."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "Because the nickname was first recorded in the 1180s, more than 150 years after \u00c6thelred's death, it is doubtful that it carries any implications as to the reputation of the king in the eyes of his contemporaries or near contemporaries."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "The Anglo-Saxon noun unr\u00e6d means \"evil counsel\", \"bad plan\", or \"folly\"."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "It was most often used in reference to decisions and deeds, but once in reference to the ill-advised disobedience of Adam and Eve."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "Thus \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d Unr\u00e6d is an oxymoron: \"Noble counsel, No counsel\"."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "The nickname has also been translated as \"ill-advised\", \"ill-prepared\", thus \"\u00c6thelred the ill-advised\"."}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "Eustace II, Count of Boulogne)All of \u00c6thelred's sons were named after predecessors of \u00c6thelred on the throne."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Origin of the jury", "text": "\u00c6thelred has been credited with the formation of a local investigative body made up of twelve thegns who were charged with publishing the names of any notorious or wicked men in their respective districts."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u00c6thelred II (Old English: \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d, pronounced [\u00e6\u00f0elr\u00e6\u02d0d]; c. 966 \u2013 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death."}], "text": "AEthelred the Unready's name was a pun and was King of France.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "AEthelred the Unready"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE."}], "id": "YeQqe20M9FfyCt8h3k7N", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation was known to Islamic chemists as early as the eighth century."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "\" By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including \"alcohol of wine,\" the distilled essence of wine."}, {"section_header": "Production | Ziegler and oxo processes", "text": "HOC8H17  + Al(OH)3The process generates a range of alcohols that are separated by distillation."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as \"The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations\"."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "The meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed to ethanol, when \"spirits\" was a synonym for hard liquor."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "\" The word's meaning became restricted to \"spirit of wine\" (the chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances"}, {"section_header": "Production | Hydration reactions", "text": "The direct hydration using ethylene (ethylene hydration) or other alkenes from cracking of fractions of distilled crude oil."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word \"alcohol\", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol."}], "text": "Alcohol has been distilled since the 19th century BCE.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "id": "YgjLTPJSnBnkaYUvIRy3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | 1762\u201373: Travel", "text": "While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719\u20131787) and Anna Maria, n\u00e9e Pertl (1720\u20131778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Style", "text": "In London as a child, he met J. C. Bach and heard his music."}, {"section_header": "Appearance and character", "text": "He had a startling fondness for scatological humour, which is preserved in his surviving letters, notably those written to his cousin Maria Anna Thekla Mozart around 1777\u20131778, and in his correspondence with his sister and parents."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He generally called himself \"Wolfgang Amad\u00e8 Mozart\" as an adult, but his name had many variants."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | 1762\u201373: Travel", "text": "When he was eight years old, Mozart wrote his first symphony, most of which was probably transcribed by his father."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "There is some scholarly debate about whether Mozart was four or five years old when he created his first musical compositions, though there is little doubt that Mozart composed his first three pieces of music within a few weeks of each other: K. 1a, 1b, and 1c."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | K\u00f6chel catalogue", "text": "The first edition of the catalogue was completed in 1862 by Ludwig von K\u00f6chel."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the first child from his parents.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It received six nominations at the 91st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Lee's first directing nomination), and Best Supporting Actor for Driver, and won for Best Adapted Screenplay, making it Lee's first competitive Academy Award."}], "id": "YkBXjlKqf2oPc4FK7QKD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The film was also nominated for four Critics Choice Awards, including Best Picture,  seven Satellite Awards, including Best Director for Lee, and is nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for Driver, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, including Outstanding Male Actor for Washington."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It received six nominations at the 91st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Lee's first directing nomination), and Best Supporting Actor for Driver, and won for Best Adapted Screenplay, making it Lee's first competitive Academy Award."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "Lee was nominated for Outstanding Feature Film by the Directors Guild of America and the producers were nominated for the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "BlacKkKlansman grossed $49.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $44.1 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $93.4 million, against a production budget of $15 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film directed by Spike Lee and written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Lee, based on the 2014 memoir Black Klansman by Ron Stallworth."}], "text": "BlacKkKlansman did not win any awards.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}], "id": "YtCU3iNnMR06Z4FYgZZx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was 95. At time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "After his retirement as AL president, MacPhail spent two final years in baseball as chairman of Major League Baseball's Player Relations Committee."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959\u201365), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "At the time of his departure for the commissioner's office in November 1965, MacPhail and his successor, Harry Dalton, were beginning negotiations with the Reds for a blockbuster trade that would bring Frank Robinson to Baltimore; Robinson would lead the Orioles to the 1966 world championship and win the American League Triple Crown and Most Valuable Player award."}], "text": "American front-office executive in Major League Baseball Lee MacPhail had a career in baseball for 45 years and died at 95 which at the time made him the oldest person in the Hall of Fame.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}], "id": "YtkO1jzrHMj6WDIZ4a3T", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "The film earned an estimated $1.7 million at the North American box office in 1952."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "Alexander was a good fielding pitcher for his era, committing only 25 errors in 1,633 total chances for a career .985 fielding percentage."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "After the 1917 season, the Phillies traded Alexander and catcher Bill Killefer to the Cubs for catcher Pickles Dillhoefer, pitcher Mike Prendergast, and $60,000."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \"Grover\"."}], "text": "American baseball pitcher Grover Alexander was inducted into the 1938 Hall of Fame.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by hurling at 23%, soccer at 16% and rugby at 8%."}], "id": "Ytu9QKj6WpSlcwLHlZBy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Field sports", "text": "Gaelic football, hurling and handball are the best-known of the Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Other sports", "text": "He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the PGA Championship in August."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Field sports", "text": "Gaelic games are governed by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the exception of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Field sports", "text": "Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the English and, to a lesser extent, Scottish soccer leagues."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Field sports", "text": "The Irish Football Association (IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Field sports", "text": "During the redevelopment of the Lansdowne Road stadium in 2007\u20132010, international rugby and soccer were played there."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Other sports", "text": "Paddy Barnes secured bronze in those games and gold in the 2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships (where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 2010 Commonwealth Games."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Other sports", "text": "In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by hurling at 23%, soccer at 16% and rugby at 8%."}], "text": "A full third of people that go to watch games in Ireland go to special Gaelic soccer games, which are apparently different than normal soccer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ireland"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smith's 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe: The Gallant Pig in the US, which tells the story of a pig raised as livestock who wants to do the work of a sheepdog."}], "id": "Yvjot84wtKVUho4hrqvu", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "48 different pigs were used for the part of Babe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, written by both, narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne, and starring James Cromwell and Magda Szubanski with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Miriam Margolyes, Hugo Weaving, and Danny Mann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smith's 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe: The Gallant Pig in the US, which tells the story of a pig raised as livestock who wants to do the work of a sheepdog."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As Hoggett is criticized by the bemused judges and ridiculed by the public for using a pig instead of a dog, Rex runs back to the farm to ask the sheep what to do."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1998, a sequel directed by Miller, Babe: Pig in the City, was released."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "When she is let back in later, she gets revenge on Babe by revealing that humans eat pigs."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "Classical orchestral music by 19th-century French composers is used throughout the film, but is disguised in a variety of ways and often integrated by Westlake into his score."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": ", Babe was initially banned from Malaysia in order to avoid upsetting or annoying Muslims (who view pigs as haram)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2006, the American Film Institute named Babe #80 on its list of America's Most Inspiring Movies."}], "text": "The 1995 film Babe is the tale of a pig that talks and 48 pigs were used in the filming of the drama.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}], "id": "YxoW70oRCbOWZrhSHJWF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "In July 1835, Jackson nominated Taney to succeed Chief Justice John Marshall, who had died earlier in 1835."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott", "text": "In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1835, after Democrats took control of the Senate, Jackson appointed Taney to succeed John Marshall on the Supreme Court as Chief Justice."}, {"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "The Democrats picked up seats in the 1834 and 1835 Senate elections, giving the party a stronger presence in the chamber."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | Death", "text": "The following morning, the clerk of the Supreme Court announced that \"the great and good Chief Justice is no more.\" He served as chief justice for 28 years, 198 days, the second longest tenure of any chief justice, and was the oldest ever serving Chief Justice in United States history."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Several places and things have been named for Taney, including Taney County, Missouri, the USCGC Taney (WPG-37) (although the ship was later renamed during Taney's de-memorialization), and the Liberty ship SS Roger B. Taney."}, {"section_header": "Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations", "text": "Despite Taney's earlier rejection by the Senate, in January 1835 Jackson nominated Taney to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Gabriel Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "\" Taney's mixed legacy was noted by Justice Antonin Scalia in his dissenting opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey:  There comes vividly to mind a portrait by Emanuel Leutze that hangs in the Harvard Law School: Roger Brooke Taney, painted in 1859, the 82nd year of his life, the 24th of his Chief Justiceship, the second after his opinion in Dred Scott."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "The reputation of Chief Justice Taney can afford to have anything known that he ever did and still leave a great fund of honor and praise to illustrate his name."}], "text": "Roger B. Taney was the fourth Chief Justice of England's Parliament that was elected in 1835.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Roger B. Taney"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department."}], "id": "YyqDw0wtXUuNV3alSwSl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in the 1970s in Colorado Springs, the plot follows the first African-American detective in the city's police department as he sets out to infiltrate and expose the local Ku Klux Klan chapter."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Duke visits Colorado Springs for Stallworth's induction into the Klan."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Don't sleep on this movie\". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Although based on a true story, the film dramatizes several events: The investigation occurred between 1978 and 1979, although the film is set in 1972 (and David Duke did not become Grand Wizard until 1974)."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After reading about a local division of the Ku Klux Klan in the newspaper, he calls posing as white and speaks with Walter Breachway, the president of the Colorado Springs, Colorado chapter, but soon realizes not only did he use his real name, but he also has to go and meet the Klan members."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Stallworth did work security, meet, and take a photo with Duke when he visited Colorado, although it was a much more intimate gathering than the large ceremony depicted in the film, and his partner's cover was never blown."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Ossining, New York was one location used in October."}], "text": "The movie was filmed on site in Colorado Springs where the film is set.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and illegal means and aspired to create a totalitarian state."}], "id": "Z0dCfa4Ip1jWgXhJoQPW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [be\u02c8ni\u02d0to musso\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 29 July 1883 \u2013 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Given his father's political leanings, Mussolini was named Benito after liberal Mexican president Benito Ju\u00e1rez, while his middle names, Andrea and Amilcare, were for Italian socialists Andrea Costa and Amilcare Cipriani."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Propaganda and cult of personality", "text": "He would later form the OVRA, an institutionalized secret police that carried official state support."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Police state", "text": "The Grand Council had been created five years earlier as a party body but was \"constitutionalized\" and became the highest constitutional authority in the state."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "This help was authorized by Sir Samuel Hoare."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Expulsion from the Italian Socialist Party", "text": "In October 1914, finding himself in opposition to the directorate of the Italian Socialist party because he advocated a kind of active neutrality on the part of Italy in the War of the Nations against the party's tendency of absolute neutrality, he withdrew on the twentieth of that month from the directorate of Avanti!"}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "The Fascisti grew rapidly; within two years they transformed themselves into the National Fascist Party at a congress in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Police state", "text": "In the telegram, Mussolini wrote to Mori:Your Excellency has carte blanche; the authority of the State must absolutely, I repeat absolutely, be re-established in Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "In the meantime, from about 1911 until 1938, Mussolini had various affairs with the Jewish author and academic Margherita Sarfatti, called the \"Jewish Mother of Fascism\" at the time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and illegal means and aspired to create a totalitarian state."}], "text": "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, an Italian leader of the National Fascist Party, consolidated his authority by eliminating his opposition with secret police with legitimate and illegitimate avenues.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Benito Mussolini"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Strepsiades complains to the audience that he is too worried about household debts to get any sleep \u2013 his wife (the pampered product of an aristocratic clan) has encouraged their son's expensive interest in horses."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him."}], "id": "Z2fq34ByEGSwz3VmVKI5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "A typical Aristophanic Chorus, even if it starts out as hostile to the protagonist, is the protagonist's cheer squad by the end of the play."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Parodos: The arrival of the Chorus in this play is unusual in that the singing begins offstage some time before the Chorus appears."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Aristophanes does not use eupolideans in any other of his extant plays."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Clouds (Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Aristophanes however had singled Cleon out for special treatment in his previous play The Knights in 424 and there are relatively few references to him in The Clouds."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The philosopher descends and quickly begins the induction ceremony for the new elderly student, the highlight of which is a parade of the Clouds, the patron goddesses of thinkers and other layabouts."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "The Clouds represents a departure from the main themes of Aristophanes' early plays \u2013 Athenian politics, the Peloponnesian War and the need for peace with Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Strepsiades complains to the audience that he is too worried about household debts to get any sleep \u2013 his wife (the pampered product of an aristocratic clan) has encouraged their son's expensive interest in horses."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "Cleon, the populist leader of the pro-war faction in Athens, was a target in all Aristophanes' early plays and his attempts to prosecute Aristophanes for slander in 426 had merely added fuel to the fire."}], "text": "At the beginning of the play The Clouds by Aristophanes, the dad and kid are sleeping when the dad bolts upright and starts to talk.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\" The movie, with great pain and in detail, explains how Arthur Fleck turns into Joker dejected by the way the world treats him."}], "id": "Z4IyRKwLZUx43Jp8icmc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Before the show goes live, Arthur requests that Murray introduce him as Joker, a reference to Murray's previous mockery."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Director Todd Phillips said that he intentionally left it ambiguous as to whether Arthur becomes the actual Joker as seen in traditional Batman stories or inspires a separate character, although Phoenix believes that Arthur is the former."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\" The movie, with great pain and in detail, explains how Arthur Fleck turns into Joker dejected by the way the world treats him."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Randall lies that Arthur bought the gun himself, and Arthur is fired."}, {"section_header": "Post-release | Themes and analysis", "text": "Stephen Kent, writing for The Washington Examiner, described Arthur Fleck as blending shared aspects of mass shooters, and interpreted its message as a reminder that society is riddled with men like the Joker."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The following day, Arthur kills Penny at the hospital."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In denial, Arthur visits Arkham State Hospital and steals Penny's case file; the file says Penny adopted Arthur as a baby and allowed her abusive boyfriend to harm them both."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Distraught, Arthur returns home and enters Sophie's apartment unannounced."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As he prepares, Arthur is visited by Randall and fellow ex-colleague Gary."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At Arkham, Arthur laughs to himself about a joke and tells his psychiatrist she would not understand it."}], "text": "The Joker is about Arthur Feck transformation.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Joker (2019 film)"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO."}], "id": "ZAfJTbyhWlwLl2GRB7eg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "As in the First World War, Sweden remained officially neutral during World War II, although its neutrality during World War II has been disputed."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Nevertheless, both Swedes and others have argued that Sweden could have done more to oppose the Nazis' war efforts, even if it meant increasing the risk of occupation."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations", "text": "During World War II Sweden joined neither the allied nor axis powers."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-war era", "text": "Sweden was officially a neutral country and remained outside NATO and Warsaw Pact membership during the Cold War, but privately Sweden's leadership had strong ties with the United States and other western governments."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden also supplied steel and machined parts to Germany throughout the war."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "The Swedish government unofficially supported Finland in the Winter War and the Continuation War by allowing volunteers and materiel to be shipped to Finland."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden was officially neutral during World War I, although, under German pressure, they did take steps which were detrimental to the Allied powers including mining the \u00d8resund channel, thus closing it to Allied shipping, and allowing the Germans to use Swedish facilities and the Swedish cipher to transmit secret messages to their overseas embassies."}, {"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II", "text": "Sweden was under German influence for much of the war, as ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Military", "text": "Until the end of the Cold War, nearly all males reaching the age of military service were conscripted."}], "text": "Although Sweden joined the Cold War despite staying out of other previous wars in the 20th century.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}], "id": "ZAhLZoXSkccyEs58huM7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "While driving a car given to him by admirers, Jennings' car overturned while crossing a bridge over the Lehigh River near Gouldsboro, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Scranton."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "For several days after the accident, doctors were unsure if Jennings would survive."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings retired to the Winyah Sanatorium in Asheville, North Carolina."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "During the 1925 season, McGraw was ill, and Jennings was put in full charge of the Giants."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "According to his obituary, Jennings \"was unable to report\" to spring training in 1926 due to his condition."}], "text": "Jennings died in a car accident.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938\u20131942 and 1946\u20131959."}], "id": "ZCN2Gu4ivk4l9xCyHwj8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal honors", "text": "Slaughter was a fixture at statue dedications at Busch Stadium II for other Cardinal Hall of Famers during the last years of his life."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter retired from major league baseball in 1959."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter coached baseball for Duke University from 1971 to 1977.Enos Slaughter is a cousin of Henry Slaughter, southern gospel musician."}, {"section_header": "Personal honors", "text": "Slaughter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.His jersey number 9 was retired by the Cardinals on September 6, 1996."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}, {"section_header": "Career | Minor leagues", "text": "he went on a baseball field. In 1937, he had 245 hits and 147 runs scored for Columbus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A ten time All-Star, he has been elected to both the National Baseball Hall of Fame and St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was \"a Southern boy\", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938\u20131942 and 1946\u20131959."}], "text": "Slaughter played professional baseball for 17 years.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Early career", "text": "Welch's earliest professional baseball engagement was in Poughkeepsie, New York, as an outfielder-pitcher for the Volunteers baseball club in 1877, and in the following year he would briefly play for a club in Auburn before joining the Holyoke Shamrocks of the National Association."}], "id": "ZD18EUKnG4hMbh6lIhgw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Early career", "text": "After the Trojans disbanded after the 1882 season, the New York Gothams replaced them, taking many of the Troy players, including Welch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Welch was born in Brooklyn, New York, and played 13 seasons in the major leagues, three with the Troy Trojans, and 10 with the New York Gothams/Giants."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "Welch spent summers in New York."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "The new eight-team league became known as the Players' League."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "In a 1911 book on baseball history, Welch was described as the owner of a hotel in Troy, New York."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Early career", "text": "Welch's earliest professional baseball engagement was in Poughkeepsie, New York, as an outfielder-pitcher for the Volunteers baseball club in 1877, and in the following year he would briefly play for a club in Auburn before joining the Holyoke Shamrocks of the National Association."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "With Welch and Keefe still on the same club, the 1891 New York Giants had two 300-game winners."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Strikeout record", "text": "In the third inning of that game, a third strike was dropped by New York catcher Bill Loughran."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh."}], "text": "The first team Welch played for was the New York Gothams.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Mickey Welch"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following his retirement, Kiner served from 1956 through 1960 as general manager of the Pacific Coast League San Diego Padres."}], "id": "ZG7pMZpnjohX1NGpQwVr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ralph McPherran Kiner (October 27, 1922 \u2013 February 6, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball player and broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was also the only player voted in that year."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kiner served as a United States Navy pilot during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "On June 4, 1953, Kiner was sent to the Chicago Cubs as part of a ten-player trade."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "It made Kiner the first National League player with two 50 plus home run seasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He also served as an announcer for the New York Mets from the team's inception until his death."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following his retirement, Kiner served from 1956 through 1960 as general manager of the Pacific Coast League San Diego Padres."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "He even once called himself \"Ralph Korner\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was elected to the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 1984.The Pittsburgh Pirates retired his uniform number 4 on September 19, 1987.The Sporting News placed him at number 90 on its 1999 list of \"The 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and he was one of the 100 finalists for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team that year."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955."}], "text": "Ralph Kiner was an MLB player served in WWII which interrupted his baseball career.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Ralph Kiner"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation", "text": "In the Potaliya Sutta (MN 54) sensual pleasures are said by the Buddha to be a cause of conflict for all humans beings."}], "id": "ZHLSXUCli1QtujAy85U0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "By the 12th century, al-Shahrastani even compared Buddha to Khidr, described as an ideal human."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | In early sources", "text": "Early sources depict the Buddha's as similar to other Buddhist monks."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Socio-political teachings", "text": "The Buddha then goes on to promote a similar kind of republican style of government among the Buddhist Sangha, where all monks had equal rights to attend open meetings and there would be no single leader, since The Buddha also chose not to appoint one."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism", "text": "In the Vasettha sutta the Buddha argues that the main difference among humans is not birth but their actions and occupations."}, {"section_header": "Biography | First sermon and formation of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "Various sources such as the Mah\u0101vastu, the Mah\u0101khandhaka of the Therav\u0101da Vinaya and the Catusparisat-s\u016btra also mention that the Buddha taught them his second discourse, about the characteristic of \"not-self\" (An\u0101tmalak\u1e63a\u1e47a S\u016btra), at this time or five days later."}, {"section_header": "Traditional biographies | Biographical sources", "text": "The sources which present a full and complete picture of the life of Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama are a variety of different, and sometimes conflicting, traditional biographies."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation", "text": "In the Potaliya Sutta (MN 54) sensual pleasures are said by the Buddha to be a cause of conflict for all humans beings."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Socio-political teachings", "text": "The early texts depict the Buddha as giving a deflationary account of the importance of politics to human life."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Accordingly, some regarded him as the divine incarnate, others as an apostle of the angels or as an Ifrit and others as an apostle of God sent to human race."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Ibn Nadim, who was also familiar with Manichean teachings, even identifies Buddha as a prophet, who taught a religion to \"banish Satan\", although not mention it explicitly."}], "text": "Buddha taught that sex was the single source of all human unpleasantness.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Connor died on January 4, 1931, following a lengthy stomach illness."}], "id": "ZJVcbS8EmJwYOk6y2KZP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal", "text": "The weather vane served as a well-known landmark in Waterbury even after the couple moved away."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "The team had been dropped from the Eastern League and had suffered financial losses related to traveling as far away as Canada for games."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "National League teams rescheduled many of their games to conflict with PL games in the same cities, and a high number of PL games were cancelled late in the season due to rainouts."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "Connor committed 60 errors in 83 games and sustained a shoulder injury, prompting a position change to first baseman for 1881.He later played for the New York Gothams, and, due to his great stature, gave that team the enduring nickname \"Giants\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connor was born in Waterbury, Connecticut."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "Connor experimented with some changes to his batting style that year."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor attracted some attention by wearing eyeglasses on the field."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Connor was inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "Though Connor had success in his season with the PL, the league struggled."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Connor died on January 4, 1931, following a lengthy stomach illness."}], "text": "Connor passed away due to gut issues", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs."}], "id": "ZLQ2zp8mK5LAUhBH7wY4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the fall of the Berlin Wall or \"Festival of Freedom\" on the evening of 9 November 2009."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 25 December 1989, less than two months after the Berlin Wall began to come down, the conductor Leonard Bernstein conducted the Berlin Philharmonic in a version of the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven at the then newly opened Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 9 November 2009, Chancellor Angela Merkel, walked through Brandenburg Gate with Russia's Mikhail Gorbachev and Poland's Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa as part of the 20-year celebration of tearing down the Berlin Wall."}], "text": "Brandenburg is an gated entrance to Uber Den Lidun where Hitler entered Berlin.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}], "id": "ZRjnfw7KLb5VQ1vcjcoG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Popular in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school, behind George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm and Charles Dickens\u2019 Great Expectations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "Author Stephen King uses the name Castle Rock, from the mountain fort in Lord of the Flies, as a fictional town that has appeared in a number of his novels."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "A turning point occurred when E. M. Forster chose Lord of the Flies as his \u201coutstanding novel of the year.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "On 5 November 2019, BBC News listed Lord of the Flies on its list of the 100 most influential novels."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Stage", "text": "In October 2014 it was announced that the 2011 production of Lord of the Flies would return to conclude the 2015 season at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre ahead of a major UK tour."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1964 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding, and a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck located 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water."}], "id": "ZU4sXnLK3FWOwbgEnRtw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "By 1890, due to the popularity of the Brooklyn Bridge, there were proposals to construct other bridges across the East River between Manhattan and Long Island."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only bridge across the East River at that time, it was also called the East River Bridge."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "The first new bridge across the East River, the Williamsburg Bridge, opened upstream in 1903 and connected Williamsburg, Brooklyn, with the Lower East Side of Manhattan."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The side spans, between each suspension tower and each side's suspension anchorages, are 930 feet (280 m) long."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck located 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The main span between the two suspension towers is 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) long and 85 feet (26 m) wide."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "This was followed by the Queensboro Bridge between Queens and Manhattan in March 1909, and the Manhattan Bridge between Brooklyn and Manhattan in December 1909."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "He had changed the spelling of his last name from \"Klimm\" to \"Klem\" because he thought it had a better sound."}], "id": "ZVA7pFDCMRyHES6IzTlw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1946 Klem and Connolly had also been named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "He had changed the spelling of his last name from \"Klimm\" to \"Klem\" because he thought it had a better sound."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Klem despised the latter name, and was notorious for ejecting players whom he caught using it."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Personal life", "text": "Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, \"Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "That year, Klem had a run-in with league secretary and team manager Jim O'Rourke after Klem ejected one of the manager's players."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "At that time, Klem was appointed the NL's chief of umpires."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "It was difficult to challenge Klem at the time because so many years had passed."}], "text": "Bill Klem altered his name from Clemm.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements."}], "id": "ZZFCMRtVn1YoX2fwhTX8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chronology | Future", "text": "The lack of vegetation will result in the loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, making animal life impossible."}, {"section_header": "Asteroids and artificial satellites", "text": "The tiny near-Earth asteroid 2006 RH120 makes close approaches to the Earth\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Weather and climate", "text": "The highest air temperature ever measured on Earth was 56.7 \u00b0C (134.1 \u00b0F) in Furnace Creek, California, in Death Valley, in 1913."}, {"section_header": "Human geography", "text": "Cartography, the study and practice of map-making, and geography, the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena on Earth, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting Earth."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Upper atmosphere", "text": "Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere."}, {"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Orbit", "text": "Moon plane is tilted up to \u00b15.1 degrees against the Earth\u2013Sun plane."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Heat", "text": "m\u22122, for a global heat loss of 4.42\u00d71013 W. A portion of the core's thermal energy is transported toward the crust by mantle plumes, a form of convection consisting of upwellings of higher-temperature rock."}, {"section_header": "Human geography", "text": "The station's crew, made up of six people, is usually replaced every six months."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere", "text": "Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved 2.7 Gya, forming the primarily nitrogen\u2013oxygen atmosphere of today."}], "text": "Oxygen makes up the highest portion in the composition of earth.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Earth"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "In 2009 Gorbachev released Songs for Raisa, an album of Russian romantic ballads, sung by him and accompanied by musician Andrei Makarevich, to raise money for a charity devoted to his late wife."}], "id": "ZcNgmbwUREN8icu07h09", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b"}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "After Germany was defeated, Gorbachev's parents had their second son, Aleksandr, in 1947; he and Mikhail would be their only children."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "His parents named him Victor, but at the insistence of his mother\u2014a devout Orthodox Christian\u2014he had a secret baptism, where his grandfather christened him Mikhail."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "He read voraciously, moving from the Western novels of Thomas Mayne Reid to the work of Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Lermontov."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Gorbachev only learned of this development when Shushkevich phoned him; Gorbachev was furious."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "Gorbachev was enthusiastic about the appointment."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Opinions on Gorbachev are deeply divided."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "Gorbachev became Andropov's closest ally in the Politburo; with Andropov's encouragement, Gorbachev sometimes chaired Politburo meetings."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "Gorbachev did not want to return but when he did he excelled academically."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008", "text": "In 2009 Gorbachev released Songs for Raisa, an album of Russian romantic ballads, sung by him and accompanied by musician Andrei Makarevich, to raise money for a charity devoted to his late wife."}], "text": "Mikhail Gorbachev is a singer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 2006, Premiere voted this film as one of \"The 50 Greatest Comedies Of All Time\"."}], "id": "ZerPlF3voxjXYaiXpdvf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "As of 2014, only two black-and-white movies have won the Academy Award for Best Picture after The Apartment did: Schindler's List (1993)  and The Artist (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 2006, Premiere voted this film as one of \"The 50 Greatest Comedies Of All Time\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "American Film Institute lists:  AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (#93),"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the 33rd Academy Awards, The Apartment was nominated for ten awards and won five, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "MacMurray relates that after the film's release he was accosted by women in the street who berated him for making a \"dirty filthy movie\", and one of them hit him with her purse."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "A recording by Ferrante & Teicher, released as \"Theme from The Apartment\", reached #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart later in 1960."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1960, the film doubled its $3 million budget at the U.S. box office."}], "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American movie and considered one of the best comedies.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Israel (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e; Israel (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e; Arabic: \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0644\u200e), formally known as the State of Israel (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b7\u05ea \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e, Medinat Yisra'el), is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea."}], "id": "ZfQgZfhV33OjE5EUVIyN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The country has a liberal democracy (one of only two in the Middle East and North Africa region, the other being Tunisia), with a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Legal system", "text": "The election of judges is carried out by a committee of two Knesset members, three Supreme Court justices, two Israeli Bar members and two ministers (one of which, Israel's justice minister, is the committee's chairman)."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Military", "text": "The success of the Ofeq program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Relations between the two countries were also made stronger by former prime minister Tony Blair's efforts for a two state resolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces."}, {"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "The country was located between the two centres of Mamluk power, Cairo and Damascus, and only saw some development along the postal road connecting the two cities."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "By 1958, the population of Israel rose to two million."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology", "text": "Israel has produced six Nobel Prize-winning scientists since 2004 and has been frequently ranked as one of the countries with the highest ratios of scientific papers per capita in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Israel (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e; Israel (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e; Arabic: \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0644\u200e), formally known as the State of Israel (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b7\u05ea \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e, Medinat Yisra'el), is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea."}], "text": "Israel is actually two countries in one.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Through the 1990s, reference sources widely reported his death as having occurred in 1959; this seems to have resulted from Campanella's recollection in John B. Holway's 1988 book Blackball Stars that Mackey \"passed away right after\" the Coliseum event, an apparent error that Campanella repeated in other interviews."}], "id": "Zgvoi94Kv00pRu0I9URh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Campanella later recalled: \"In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Raleigh \"Biz\" Mackey (July 27, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Through the 1990s, reference sources widely reported his death as having occurred in 1959; this seems to have resulted from Campanella's recollection in John B. Holway's 1988 book Blackball Stars that Mackey \"passed away right after\" the Coliseum event, an apparent error that Campanella repeated in other interviews."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He drove in the lead run in the 11th inning of the first game, which Hilldale won in 12 innings; after scoring the winning run in a 2\u20131 victory in Game 5, his three hits in the deciding Game 6 clinched the title."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "When I went under his direction in Baltimore, I was 15 years old."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He joined the professional San Antonio Black Aces two years later."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "By 1937, he was managing the Baltimore Elite Giants, where he began mentoring 15-year-old Roy Campanella in the fine points of catching."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After three years under manager C. I. Taylor, in which he hit .315, .317 and .344, he was picked up by Hilldale when the Eastern Colored League was organized in 1923."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "joined the Newark Eagles in 1939, replacing Dick Lundy as manager a year later, and continued his work with young players such as Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Don Newcombe."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}], "text": "Biz Mackey is said to have died 6 years after he actually died.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}], "id": "Zi4kVOe1XNGjZxbvzz7E", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Goslin was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968, along with Kiki Cuyler, by the Veterans Committee."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "\" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "When he was inducted into the Hall, Goslin broke down and cried."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Goslin ranked #6 on the Sports Illustrated list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin drove the ball into the gap."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin rounded the bases with an inside-the-park home run."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin jumped at the opportunity and batted .158 in 38 games for the Senators in the 1938 season."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "The Tigers ended up releasing Goslin after his .238 season, and Goslin later recounted (in \"The Glory of Their Times\") that he received a call from his old boss, Clark Griffith, asking him if he'd be interested in ending his career back where it began in Washington."}], "text": "Goslin sold real estate after quitting baseball.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}], "id": "ZkFcUqfuvWT2lt9nqqiH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Tale of Genji may have been written chapter by chapter in installments, as Murasaki delivered the tale to aristocratic women (ladies-in-waiting)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Kornicki, P. F., \"Unsuitable Books for Women? \" Genji Monogatari\" and \"Ise Monogatari\" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan\", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Tale of Genji was written in an archaic court language that was already unreadable a century after it was written."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Murasaki shikibu, The Tale of Genji."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Lady Murasaki is said to have written the character of Genji based on the Minister on the Left at the time she was at court."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "\" Lady Murasaki Shikibu's the Tale of Genji: Search for the Mother\"."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Puette, William J (1983). Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu."}], "text": "The Tale of Genji is a book written by shaolin monks in the holy land of Murasaki.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "id": "ZsG6LRk3AAalzJ9551ri", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959\u20131970 | On the frontbenches", "text": "Jim Prior suggested Thatcher as a Shadow Cabinet member after the Conservatives' 1966 defeat, but party leader Edward Heath and Chief Whip William Whitelaw eventually chose Mervyn Pike as the Conservative Shadow Cabinet's sole woman member."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Foreign affairs", "text": "Thatcher appointed Lord Carrington, a senior member of the party and former Minister of Defence, as Foreign Minister in 1979."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959\u20131970", "text": "In 1954, Thatcher was defeated when she sought selection to be the Conservative party candidate for the Orpington by-election of January 1955."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959\u20131970 | In the Shadow Cabinet", "text": "Although she was not yet a Shadow Cabinet member, the embassy reportedly described her to the State Department as a possible future prime minister."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959\u20131970 | On the frontbenches", "text": "At the 1966 Conservative Party conference, Thatcher criticised the high-tax policies of the Labour government as being steps \"not only towards Socialism, but towards Communism\", arguing that lower taxes served as an incentive to hard work."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "Her supporters in the party viewed the result as a success, and rejected suggestions that there was discontent within the party."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was elected Member of Parliament for Finchley in 1959."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "Heath was never reconciled to Thatcher's leadership of the party."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1975, she defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election to become leader of the Opposition, the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "Heath's leadership of the Conservative Party looked increasingly in doubt."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}], "text": "Margaret Thatcher was a member of the Labor party.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House", "text": "Addams noted upon moving in that the building had a \"half skeptical reputation for a haunted attic.\" Over the years, numerous stories of ghosts and hauntings have surrounded Hull House, making it a stop on many of the \"ghosts in Chicago"}], "id": "ZuTqFL7TVwjHG4pxO0pf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "Ellen Gates Starr described one Italian evening as having the room packed full with people."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House", "text": "Other candidates for resident ghosts include the many people who died there of natural causes in the 1870s when it was used as a home for the aged by the Little Sisters of the Poor."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "One of the ladies who attended \"recited a patriotic poem with great spirit\" and everyone was moved by it."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "Hull House became, at its inception in 1889, \"a community of university women\" whose main purpose was to provide social and educational opportunities for working class people (many of them recent European immigrants) in the surrounding neighborhood."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "The \"residents\" ( volunteers at Hull were given this title) held classes in literature, history, art, domestic activities (such as sewing), and many other subjects."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels."}, {"section_header": "1930s to 2012", "text": "Its mission was to improve social conditions for underserved people and communities by providing creative, innovative programs and by advocating for related public policy reforms."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "She described Toynbee Hall as \"a community of university men\" who, while living there, held their recreational clubs and social gatherings at the settlement house among the poor people and in the same style they would in their own circle."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House", "text": "Addams noted upon moving in that the building had a \"half skeptical reputation for a haunted attic.\" Over the years, numerous stories of ghosts and hauntings have surrounded Hull House, making it a stop on many of the \"ghosts in Chicago"}, {"section_header": "1930s to 2012", "text": "The Museum's collection includes over 1,100 artifacts related to Hull House history and over 100 oral interviews conducted with people who have shared their stories about Hull House and the surrounding neighborhood."}], "text": "Many people believe the Hull House is full of the spirits of past residents.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Hull House"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}], "id": "a1ESFXii03TtMbRLDXIm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "John Zorn's \"Shir Ha-Shirim\" premiered in February 2008."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving \"the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy\"."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The 2014 film The Song is based on the Song of Songs"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b4\u05bc\u05c1\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd"}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "For all of eternity in its entirety is not as worthy as the day on which Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Writings are holy, but Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The chorus of Stephen Duffy's 1985 song \"Kiss Me\" was based on the comparison of wine to love in Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "He reportedly said, \"He who sings the Song of Songs in wine taverns, treating it as if it were a vulgar song, forfeits his share in the world to come\"."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "\"The Song of Solomon\" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the \"Song of Solomon\"."}, {"section_header": "Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism", "text": "This symbolizes the Jewish people, and in the body, the female form, identified with the woman in Song of Songs."}], "text": "The Song of Salomon has not any regard in law.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Song of Solomon"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch."}], "id": "a20sjVvi7jZ05pLvUj7N", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Marriage", "text": "In later life, however, the Queen Mother told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was \"an English gentleman\"."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive", "text": "During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her uncle Edward and her father."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Marriage", "text": "They are second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Diamond Jubilee and longevity", "text": "She became the oldest current monarch after King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died on 23 January 2015."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Diamond Jubilee and longevity", "text": "On 23 April 2019, she became the oldest living monarch following the death of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)."}, {"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch."}], "text": "Elizabeth II is the third oldest English Queen.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Elizabeth II"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019."}], "id": "a5M4wH7SN1BDkNoTXPUO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "\"In December 2019, following a campaign from the activist group Color of Change, Pinterest announced that it would restrict content that advertises wedding events on former slave plantations."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In 2015, investors valued Pinterest, Inc. at $11 billion, making it a \"unicorn\" (a start-up with a valuation exceeding $1 billion)."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In October 2012, Pinterest launched business accounts allowing businesses to either convert their existing personal accounts into business accounts or start from scratch."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Although starting out as a \"social network\" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Pinterest Analytics is much like Google Analytics."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "The \"Most Clicked\" tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are more likely to sell."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Pins, pinners, repins, and repinners are some aspects of user data that Pinterest Analytics provides."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Through the access of Pinterest Analytics, companies receive insight to data via API."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "This data helps marketing agencies alter their strategies to gain more popularity, often changing the visual content to appeal to the Pinterest community."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Shopping and catalogs", "text": "In June 2015, Pinterest unveiled \"buyable pins\" that allows users to purchase things directly from Pinterest."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019."}], "text": "Pinterest was started by two former PayPal employees.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide."}], "id": "a7SN70KOyy5c8b0fEhkB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and achievements", "text": "include \"the most number one singles (49), most consecutive number one singles (49), longest streak of number one singles (49), total weeks singles were at number one (66), longest consecutive period with a single at number one (20 Years), most singles in the top 10 concurrently (9), the most million-selling albums (19), most number-one albums (26), and the only artist in history to lead all six major categories tracked by Oricon\" among others, including total CD shipment of over 100 million copies and other about home videos."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th anniversary (2008\u20132009)", "text": "no Face-\", which became their forty-first consecutive No. 1 single."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "On 1 August, their box set The Complete B'z was digitally released only for the Japanese iTunes Store."}, {"section_header": "History | Early works (1988\u20131990)", "text": "Every single since that release has debuted at No. 1 on the Oricon charts."}, {"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "After the \"B'z Live-Gym 2010 \"Ain't No Magic\" Tour\", they began their solo activities each and did not release any single as a duo in 2010."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By AllMusic are considered as the \"biggest rock act in Japan and the entirety of Asia\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Returning to the music scene (1999\u20132000)", "text": "No. 1 single in sequence. During the tour, Once Upon a Time in Yokohama ~B'z Live Gym'99"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2003 HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts."}], "text": "The B'z are a Japanese rock duo that has had 49 consecutive number 1 singles accross Asia.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The superstitious Reynolds is haunted by the death of their mother, and often stitches hidden messages into the linings of the dresses he makes."}], "id": "a8lOtOhUR76BArBTLMbE", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "The film can, and does, but the picture is so hackneyed \u2212 pram, baby, walk in the park \u2212 that it has to be a dream, or an irony.\" Phantom Thread was listed on many critics' top ten lists for 2017."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He becomes gravely ill and has hallucinations of his mother."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread premiered in New York City on December 11, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is the first Anderson film shot outside the United States, with principal photography beginning in January 2017 in Lythe, England."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Phantom Thread grossed $21.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $47.8 million, against a production budget of $35 million."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The superstitious Reynolds is haunted by the death of their mother, and often stitches hidden messages into the linings of the dresses he makes."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They begin to bicker. When Alma tries to show her love for Reynolds by preparing a romantic dinner for two, he lashes out, saying he will not tolerate deviations from the routines he has worked hard to perfect."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"The A.V. Club's A. A. Dowd gave the film an A\u2212, calling it a \"charitable and even poignantly hopeful take on the subject [of being in a relationship with an artist]\" and said that \"in the simple, refined timelessness of its technique, Phantom Thread is practically a love letter to classic aesthetic values\u2014cinematic, sartorial, or otherwise.\" Observer critic Mark Kermode gave the film five stars, describing it as \"a deftly spun yarn,\" and praised Daniel Day-Lewis' performance, calling his role as a \"perfect fit [in a] beautifully realised tale of 50s haute couture."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Woodcock drives a maroon Bristol 405 in the film."}], "text": "At the beginning of the film the Phantom Thread, the lead character mourns his mother.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Phantom Thread"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "In June 2008, it was widely reported in the press that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment for the condition at the Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City."}], "id": "a99VeCaJGDDxQj6eJqgF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Consistent with his work for liberal causes, Newman publicly supported Ned Lamont's candidacy in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic Primary against Senator Joe Lieberman, and was even rumored as a candidate himself, until Lamont emerged as a credible alternative."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Newman was a lifelong Democrat."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Newman was an occasional writer for the publication."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood, and that Newman had said, \"Too close to the cake."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "Newman was associated with Freeman's established Porsche racing team which allowed both Newman and Freeman to compete in SCCA and IMSA"}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "Newman and Freeman began a long and successful partnership with the Newman Freeman Racing team in the Can-Am series which culminated in the Can-Am Team Championship trophy in 1979."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "During this time Newman started acting in television."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Newman was named the Most Generous Celebrity of 2008 by Givingback.org."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "In June 2008, it was widely reported in the press that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment for the condition at the Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City."}], "text": "Newman was assassinated, rumored by his ex-wife.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He came to the throne at about the age of 12, following the assassination of his older half-brother, Edward the Martyr."}], "id": "a9bbuNnV7Izzp1dZVjip", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Another of \u00c6thelred's sons, Edward the Confessor, became king in 1042."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "However, Edmund died on 30 November and Cnut became king of the whole country."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | St. Brice's Day massacre of 1002", "text": "Thorkell the Tall and his brother Hemming, was the most formidable force to invade England since \u00c6thelred became king."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In the end, Edward's supporters proved the more powerful and persuasive, and he was crowned king at Kingston upon Thames before the year was out."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sir Frank Stenton remarked that \"much that has brought condemnation of historians on King \u00c6thelred may well be due in the last resort to the circumstances under which he became king.\" \u00c6thelred's father, King Edgar, had died suddenly in July 975, leaving two young sons behind."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u00c6thelred II (Old English: \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d, pronounced [\u00e6\u00f0elr\u00e6\u02d0d]; c. 966 \u2013 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with the Danes | Battle of Maldon", "text": "Before they (the Danes) had left their camp on the island[,]"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1002, \u00c6thelred ordered what became known as the St. Brice's Day massacre of Danish settlers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His epithet does not derive from the modern word \"unready\", but rather from the Old English unr\u00e6d meaning \"poorly advised\"; it is a pun on his name, which means \"well advised\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Edward reigned for only three years before he was murdered by members of his brother's household."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He came to the throne at about the age of 12, following the assassination of his older half-brother, Edward the Martyr."}], "text": "AEthelred ll the Unready and became king before he was a teenager.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "AEthelred the Unready"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side."}], "id": "aAnUC6ENwZWCg4eVLoP0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Construction", "text": "Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: \"Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in the year 1174, together with sculptor Bonanno, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion."}, {"section_header": "Technical information", "text": "Elevation of Piazza del Duomo: about 2 metres (6 feet, DMS) Height from the ground floor: 55.863 metres (183 ft 3.3 in),"}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the fa\u00e7ade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}], "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square with the height of 60 metres.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950."}], "id": "aBpzqNcNijsqKmJdiQVS", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling."}, {"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations", "text": "An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Antal Szerb mentions Kipling's Kim in his book (pages no. 9 and 10) The Pendragon Legend briefly, when a person sitting next to the protagonist in the library seems not to know what to read nor how to request a book."}, {"section_header": "Critical assessment", "text": "a reissue of the novel in 1959 by Macmillan, the reviewer opines \" Kim is a book worked at three levels."}, {"section_header": "Landmarks", "text": "Even in the book the formation ensign belonged to an establishment in Ambala."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism", "text": "ISBN 0-7195-5560-4 The author visits the locations of the novel and discusses the real-life personages that may have possibly inspired its characters."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Kimball \"Kim\" O'Hara \u2013 is an orphan son of an Irish soldier, the protagonist; \"A poor white, the poorest of the poor\" Teshoo Lama \u2013 a Tibetan Lama, the former abbot of the Such-zen monastery in the western Himalayas, on a spiritual journey Mahbub Ali \u2013 a famous Ghilzai Pashtun horse trader and spy for the British."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901."}], "text": "Kim is a book by a famous author and a film.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Kim (novel)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Audience reception", "text": "In response to tampering claims shortly after the film's release, a Fandango executive stated that Rotten Tomatoes detected no unusual activity on The Last Jedi aside from a noticeable \"uptick in the number of written user reviews\"."}], "id": "aBum6Mg61YBXBkveaPaU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists \u2014 and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The middle part of the current trilogy, The Last Jedi ranks with the very best Star Wars epics (even the pinnacle that is The Empire Strikes Back) by pointing the way ahead to a next generation of skywalkers \u2013 and, thrillingly, to a new hope."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII \u2013 The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first \"season\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Audience reception", "text": "Reviewers stated that fan theories were held so strongly among some viewers that it was difficult for them to accept different stories, but that other viewers appreciated the film's action, tone, and deviation from Star Wars tradition."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Audience reception", "text": "In response to tampering claims shortly after the film's release, a Fandango executive stated that Rotten Tomatoes detected no unusual activity on The Last Jedi aside from a noticeable \"uptick in the number of written user reviews\"."}], "text": "The fan backlash for Star Wars: The Last Jedi, is clearly the results of bots and very small numbers of people, and thus illegitimate.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991 | German reunification and the Iraq War", "text": "In October 1990, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize; he was flattered but acknowledged \"mixed feelings\" about the accolade."}], "id": "aIfuwCr47suiDmEGc5U0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Orders, decorations, and honors", "text": "In 1988, India awarded Gorbachev the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development; in 1990 he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for \"his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community\"."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991 | German reunification and the Iraq War", "text": "In October 1990, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize; he was flattered but acknowledged \"mixed feelings\" about the accolade."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The recipient of a wide range of awards\u2014including the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014he was widely praised for his pivotal role in ending the Cold War, curtailing human rights abuses in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist\u2013Leninist administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Orders, decorations, and honors", "text": "In 2002, Gorbachev was awarded the Charles V Prize by the European Academy of Yuste Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Orders, decorations, and honors", "text": "In 2005, Gorbachev was awarded the Point Alpha Prize for his role in supporting German reunification."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "On 30 October, Gorbachev attended a conference in Madrid trying to revive the Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "After Germany was defeated, Gorbachev's parents had their second son, Aleksandr, in 1947; he and Mikhail would be their only children."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "To fill this position, Gorbachev and his wife moved to Moscow, where they were initially given an old dacha outside the city."}], "text": "Mikhail Gorbachev was given a Nobel Peace Prize.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "The same year Rihanna also featured in the Kodak commercial along with rapper Pitbull."}], "id": "aQ5Cm6sEIb5JJfcs9OEE", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage", "text": "was compared to the altercation with Chris Brown."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2011\u20132013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic", "text": "Rihanna then appeared in the Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg comedy film"}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2009\u20132011: Rated R and Loud", "text": "Reports surfaced that then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, had physically assaulted her."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "The ad put out by Snapchat asked if users would rather \"slap Rihanna or punch Chris Brown\" in a \"Would You Rather\" format."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Forbes began reporting on Rihanna's earnings in 2012.In 2007, Rihanna began dating fellow singer Chris Brown."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "In September 2019 Rihanna promoted the brand in a show again during the New York Fashion Week held at the Barclays Center with modeling appearances from models Alex Wek, Bella Hadid, Cara Delevingne, actress Laverne Cox, and musicians Normani and 21 Savage."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting career", "text": "In 2015, Rihanna appeared in the voice role of Tip in the animated feature film Home alongside Jim Parsons and Jennifer Lopez, the film was based on The True Meaning of Smekday by Adam Rex."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "In 2018, Rihanna launched a lingerie brand named \"Savage X Fenty\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2011\u20132013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic", "text": "March 2012 saw the simultaneous releases of two collaborations between Rihanna and Chris Brown: remixes of her song \"Birthday Cake\" and his \"Turn Up the Music\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2014\u20132017: Standalone releases, Home soundtrack and Anti", "text": "During the creation of the album, Rihanna ventured into other endeavors and appeared in the voice role of Tip in the animated feature film Home alongside Jim Parsons and Jennifer Lopez, the film was based on The True Meaning of Smekday by Adam Rex."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "The same year Rihanna also featured in the Kodak commercial along with rapper Pitbull."}], "text": "Rihanna appeared in a film brand commercial with Chris Brown.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | In human nutrition", "text": "When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 20 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins, other biomolecules, or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy."}], "id": "aYbigVnroXrgiYWdvAu9", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physicochemical properties of amino acids", "text": "There are different hydrophobicity scales of amino acid residues."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Twenty-two amino acids are naturally incorporated into polypeptides and are called proteinogenic or natural amino acids."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Essential amino acids may also differ between species."}, {"section_header": "General structure | Isoelectric point", "text": "= = \u00bd(pKa1 + pKa2). The individual amino acids all have slightly different pKa values and therefore have different isoelectric points."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-protein functions", "text": "This amino acid protects the plants from predators such as insects and can cause illness in people if some types of legumes are eaten without processing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as \"standard\" amino acids."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | In human nutrition", "text": "When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 20 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins, other biomolecules, or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy."}, {"section_header": "Reactions", "text": "The types of these reactions are determined by the groups on these side chains and are, therefore, different between the various types of amino acid."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | In human nutrition", "text": "Of the 20 standard amino acids, nine (His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp and Val) are called essential amino acids because the human body cannot synthesize them from other compounds at the level needed for normal growth, so they must be obtained from food."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Peptide bond formation", "text": "The ability to easily synthesize vast numbers of different peptides by varying the types and order of amino acids (using combinatorial chemistry) has made peptide synthesis particularly important in creating libraries of peptides for use in drug discovery through high-throughput screening."}], "text": "People need twenty different amino acids in their diet.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Amino acid"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950\u20131983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946)."}], "id": "aazBvKbWVHXaUXy818pa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Karen's death", "text": "as her brother and family never found ipecac vials in her apartment, even after her death."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Carpenters and A Song for You", "text": "The logo was used on every Carpenters album thereafter; Richard said it was done \"to keep things consistent\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950\u20131983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946)."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | A Kind of Hush and Passage", "text": "However, it followed \"There's a Kind of Hush\" to the top spot on the Adult Contemporary charts and became the duo's 14th No. 1 Adult Contemporary hit, more than any other act in the history of the chart."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "While the Carpenters were not a rock band, they were reviewed by the rock press; in 1971, Rolling Stone's Lester Bangs described them as having \"the most disconcerting collective stage presence of any band I have seen\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum", "text": "Richard led the band and wrote all the arrangements, and they began to rehearse daily."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Carpenters and A Song for You", "text": "Over time, Karen became more relaxed as a frontwoman and centerpiece of the band."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Made in America and Karen's final days", "text": "The band mimed to the studio recordings for most performances, singing live for some European performances."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum", "text": "In mid-1966, the Richard Carpenter Trio entered the Hollywood Bowl annual Battle of the Bands competition."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum", "text": "Richard and Karen then teamed up with student musicians from Long Beach State to form the band Spectrum."}], "text": "The band consisted of a brother and sister act.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Carpenters"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,"}], "id": "ag1V5iR5eRKQfE2662lB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "World of the X-Men", "text": "For instance, Wolverine was originally an antagonist to the Hulk before joining the X-Men and has ties to other heroes such as Captain America, Black Widow, the Thing, Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), Elektra and Spider-Man."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "And I took the cowardly way out."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "The insecurity and anxieties in Marvel's early 1960s comic books such as The Fantastic Four, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Incredible Hulk, and X-Men ushered in a new type of superhero, very different from the certain and all-powerful superheroes before them, and changed the public's perception of superheroes."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991\u20132001)", "text": "Many of the later additions to the team came and went, such as Joseph, Maggott, Marrow, Cecilia Reyes, and a new Thunderbird."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,"}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men", "text": "Sabretooth was originally a villain of Iron Fist before becoming Wolverine's archenemesis."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Time travel", "text": "X-Men Blue before returning to their original timeline in 2018s Extermination event."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Morrison Era (2001\u20132004)", "text": "Morrison also brought reformed ex-villain Emma Frost into the primary X-Men team, and opened the doors of the school by having Xavier \"out\" himself to the public about being a mutant."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "Age of Apocalypse \u2013 In a world where Professor X is killed before he can form the X-Men, Magneto leads the X-Men in a dystopian world ruled by Apocalypse."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "... as a book, The X-Men has always represented something different - their powers arrive at puberty, making them analogous to the changes you go through at adolescence - whether they're special, or out of control, or setting you apart - the misfit identity theme.\" Also on an individual level, a number of X-Men serve a metaphorical function as their powers illustrate points about the nature of the outsider."}], "text": "X-men came out before Spider-man and the Hulk.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month."}], "id": "akoeFzZ6UrMThRrsp8cJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Although this ended his 1909 season, he recovered by 1910 to become a star pitcher again, finishing with a 29-11 record for the Syracuse Stars in the Class B New York State League, before being sold to the Philadelphia Phillies for $750."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 \u2013 November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Since he played before the Phillies adopted uniform numbers, the block-letter \"P\" from the 1915 season uniforms was retired by the team in 2001 to honor his career with them."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Alexander played with and against many of the Negro League stars of the day, including Satchel Paige, John Donaldson, Newt Joseph, Chet Brewer, and Andy Cooper."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "\"Alexander was drafted and one month before shipping out, he married Amy Marie Arrants on May 31 in a courthouse ceremony in Manhattan, Kansas (the couple divorced in 1929, remarried in 1931, and divorced again in 1941).Alexander spent most of the 1918 season in France as a sergeant with the 342nd Field Artillery."}, {"section_header": "Nicknames", "text": "Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \"Grover\"."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career", "text": "It would be 65 years before the Phillies won another World Series game."}], "text": "The contract Grover Cleveland Alexander took before any other was for the Syracruse Stars for nearly $1000 for the season.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Grover Cleveland Alexander"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "In the end, no fewer than ten actresses were considered to play the role."}], "id": "am5hlsW2XL55p2zE7k9n", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Gravity emerged as one of the most successful sci-fi films of all time and the biggest box office hit of both Sandra Bullock's and George Clooney's careers."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Although the first trailer had audible explosions and other sounds, these scenes are silent in the finished film."}, {"section_header": "Scientific accuracy", "text": "Stone's tears first roll down her face in micro-gravity, and are later seen floating off her face."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "Cast Away, being the only person onscreen for a large part of the movie, and he began looking at a wide range of actors for the role."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "The studio approached her for a second time to reconsider her former decision, but Jolie again declined."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The team attempted to do this by having a celebration each day when Bullock arrived."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film four out of four stars, stating that the film was \"more than a movie."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting | Female lead", "text": "In the end, no fewer than ten actresses were considered to play the role."}], "text": "Sandra Bullock was not the first actor approached about starring in the film Gravity.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "The accident led to Parker's ultimate troubles with pain killers and opioids, especially heroin."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Problems", "text": "Although unclear which came first, his addiction to opiates began at the age of 16, when he was injured in a car crash and a doctor prescribed morphine for the pain."}], "id": "aohGvYaO6dvVTEra2MAX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 \u2013 March 12, 1955), also referred to by his nicknames Yardbird or simply Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "Along the way, the caravan of musicians had a car accident and Parker broke three ribs and fractured his spine."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career", "text": "The accident led to Parker's ultimate troubles with pain killers and opioids, especially heroin."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Problems", "text": "Parker's life was riddled with mental health problems and an addiction to heroin."}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "American composer Moondog wrote his famous \"Bird's Lament\" in his memory; published on the 1969 album Moondog."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Problems", "text": "Although unclear which came first, his addiction to opiates began at the age of 16, when he was injured in a car crash and a doctor prescribed morphine for the pain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This, and the shortened form \"Bird\", continued to be used for the rest of his life, inspiring the titles of a number of Parker compositions, such as \"Yardbird Suite\", \"Ornithology\", \" Bird Gets the Worm\", and \"Bird of Paradise\"."}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "Avant-garde jazz trombonist George Lewis recorded Homage to Charles Parker (1979)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Problems", "text": "In the jazz scene heroin use was prevalent, and the substance could be acquired with little difficulty."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "It is held for 10 days and celebrates all aspects of Parker, from live jazz music and bootcamps, to tours of his haunts in the city, to exhibits at the American Jazz Museum."}], "text": "American jazz player and composer Charles Parker Jr., a.k.a. Yardbird or Bird, had a heroin addiction that started with prescription painkillers after a car accident.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 pm Central Standard Time on Friday, November 22, 1963."}], "id": "apCEJqWGdUEzcfABsHKO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On November 22, 1963, he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 pm Central Standard Time on Friday, November 22, 1963."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1961\u20131963)", "text": "John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "John F. Kennedy's grave is lit with an \"Eternal Flame\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Billings had his own room in which to stay at several of John F. Kennedy's residences."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945) | Commanding PT-59", "text": "Kennedy's two original medals are currently on display at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "Traveling in a presidential motorcade through downtown Dallas, he was shot once in the back, the bullet exiting via his throat, and once in the head."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "Lee Harvey Oswald, an order filler at the Texas School Book Depository from which the shots were fired, was arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit and was subsequently charged with Kennedy's assassination."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "According to the JFK Library, \"I Have a Rendezvous with Death\", by Alan Seeger \"was one of John F. Kennedy's favorite poems and he often asked his wife to recite it\"."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "He was in Texas on a political trip to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party between liberals Ralph Yarborough and Don Yarborough (no relation) and conservative John Connally."}], "text": "John F. Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "John F. Kennedy"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball."}], "id": "awXJaMftnIvhFBDHf1gt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "The award was bestowed for his efforts in building the 1966 World Series champion Orioles."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "MacPhail had spent 1966 as assistant to the Commissioner of Baseball prior to taking over the Yankees' general manager post."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "At the time of his departure for the commissioner's office in November 1965, MacPhail and his successor, Harry Dalton, were beginning negotiations with the Reds for a blockbuster trade that would bring Frank Robinson to Baltimore; Robinson would lead the Orioles to the 1966 world championship and win the American League Triple Crown and Most Valuable Player award."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "The American League Championship Series"}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "Led by Most Valuable Player Brooks Robinson, the 1964 Orioles finished only two games behind the pennant-winning Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959\u201365), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times."}, {"section_header": "Front office career", "text": "During his ten full years in office, the American League continued to struggle against the National League in All-Star Game competition: it lost the first nine midsummer classics it played under MacPhail's presidency, winning only in his last season, 1983, by a 13\u20133 score."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball."}], "text": "Lee MacPhail has the MLB MVP award in his honor because he was the first player to win the award.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina, led by Lionel Messi, made their fifth appearance in a World Cup final in 2014, again losing to Germany, 1\u20130 during extra-time."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Germany", "text": "They played each other for the third consecutive World Cup in the Brazil 2014 event's final, where Argentina were defeated in extra time by a score of 1\u20130."}], "id": "b1sWq1btON3e0ScvMQ4r", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the La Albiceleste, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The reasons for this varied, including long travel times between countries and the interruption of World War I.La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the Albicelestes (sky blue and whites), has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost, 4\u20132, to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Uniform", "text": "At the 1958 World Cup, Argentina wore the yellow jersey of Swedish club IFK Malm\u00f6 in the match against West Germany, as the team arrived in Sweden without an away kit."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Germany", "text": "They played each other for the third consecutive World Cup in the Brazil 2014 event's final, where Argentina were defeated in extra time by a score of 1\u20130."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Germany", "text": "Argentina have played Germany in seven FIFA World Cup matches including three FIFA World Cup finals: In 1986 Argentina won 3\u20132, but in 1990 it was the Germans who were the victors by a 1\u20130 scoreline."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Uniform", "text": "On 3 June 1919 in Rio de Janeiro playing the \"Roberto Chery Cup\" against Brazil, Argentina wore a light blue kit, similar to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "During the first years of its existence, the Argentina national team only played friendly matches against other South American teams."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina, led by Lionel Messi, made their fifth appearance in a World Cup final in 2014, again losing to Germany, 1\u20130 during extra-time."}], "text": "The national football team in Argentina is known for five world cup and competing against rivals like Germany and Brazil.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire."}], "id": "b2PEBsUIolPi3fJ4S9OT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms"}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "Luther escaped arrest and remained in seclusion at Wartburg castle for several months where he continued to write and translate the New Testament into German."}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "Ferdinand's rule of the Austrian lands in the name of the Emperor was confirmed with the secret Habsburg compact of Brussels (1522), according to which Charles also agreed to favor the election of Ferdinand as King of the Romans in Germany (which took place in 1531)."}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "The 1522 and 1524 Diets of Nuremberg attempted to execute the judgement of the Edict of Worms against Luther, but they failed."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire."}], "text": "Diet of Worms took place in the Castle of Worms.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "The book was adapted for a 1997 film of the same name, directed and co-written by Curtis Hanson and starring Kevin Spacey, Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, James Cromwell, Kim Basinger, David Strathairn and Danny DeVito."}], "id": "b78bT9hc1lDpjiQg1uTv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "The book was adapted for a 1997 film of the same name, directed and co-written by Curtis Hanson and starring Kevin Spacey, Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, James Cromwell, Kim Basinger, David Strathairn and Danny DeVito."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "It was nominated for nine Academy Awards; Kim Basinger won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film, while Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2018, CBS ordered a new pilot based on the novel."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "The film was universally acclaimed."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "L.A. Confidential received many positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2003, a television pilot of L.A. Confidential was aired."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Ellroy dedicated L.A. Confidential \"to Mary Doherty Ellroy\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to the scandal magazine Confidential, which is fictionalized as Hush-Hush."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "The pilot is a special feature on the two-disc DVD and the Blu-ray releases of the film."}], "text": "The 1990 novel L.A. Confidential was planned to be adapted to a film but it never came through.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "L.A. Confidential"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Redgrave was born on 30 January 1937 in Blackheath, London, the daughter of actors Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Redgrave family of actors"}], "id": "b7UeQ7JgtQ0dpe0K9foo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vanessa Redgrave  (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress and activist."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "My Name is Rachel Corrie. Such a development, said Redgrave, was an \"act of catastrophic cowardice\" as \"the essence of life and the essence of theatre is to communicate about lives, either lives that have ended or lives that are still alive, [and about] beliefs, and what is in those beliefs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Redgrave family of actors"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Following the East End Blitz, Redgrave relocated with her family to Herefordshire before returning to London in 1943."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Redgrave was born on 30 January 1937 in Blackheath, London, the daughter of actors Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early stage and film career", "text": "Vanessa Redgrave entered the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1954."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career | Film and television", "text": "The part was given to her Evening co-star Eileen Atkins."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 1961, Vanessa Redgrave was an active member of the Committee of 100 and its working group."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In December 2007, Redgrave was named as one of the possible suretors who paid the \u00a350,000 bail for Jamil al-Banna, one of three British residents arrested after landing back in the UK following four years' captivity at Guantanamo Bay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Proclaimed as the \"Greatest Actress of our Time\" by Tennessee Williams, Redgrave is the recipient of the Triple Crown of Acting, and was inducted to the American Theatre Hall of Fame, and received the BAFTA Fellowship."}], "text": "Vanessa Redgrave was born into an acting family and still is a part in one.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Vanessa Redgrave"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | University: 1950\u20131955", "text": "In 1952, he was appointed a full member of the Communist Party."}], "id": "bFAXK0WSqILZAnFLcfT7", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Stavropol Komsomol: 1955\u20131969", "text": "His wife had also pursued a second degree, attaining a PhD in sociology in 1967 from the Moscow Pedagogical Institute; while in Stavropol she too joined the Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "Early life | University: 1950\u20131955", "text": "In June 1950, Gorbachev became a candidate member of the Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "According to biographer Zhores Medvedev, Gorbachev \"had now joined the Party's super-elite\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1931\u20131950", "text": "Gorbachev's maternal grandfather joined the Communist Party and helped form the village's first kolkhoz (collective farm) in 1929, becoming its chair."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "As head of the Stavropol region, he automatically became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1971."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "Gorbachev and his wife visited France in 1976 and 1977, on the latter occasion touring the country with a guide from the French Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "That same month, he was promoted from a candidate member to a full member of the Politburo, the highest decision-making authority in the Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "General Secretary of the CPSU | Early years: 1985\u20131986 | Domestic policies", "text": "In the Soviet Union, alcohol consumption had risen steadily between 1950 and 1985."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Stavropol Komsomol: 1955\u20131969", "text": "In 1961, Gorbachev played host to the Italian delegation for the World Youth Festival in Moscow; that October, he also attended the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "After Brezhnev's death in November 1982, Andropov succeeded him as General Secretary of the Communist Party, the de facto head of government in the Soviet Union."}, {"section_header": "Early life | University: 1950\u20131955", "text": "In 1952, he was appointed a full member of the Communist Party."}], "text": "Mikhail Gorbachev joined the Communist Party in the 1950s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Apoorva previously worked at BlackBerry, Qualcomm, and then Amazon as a supply chain engineer, where he developed fulfillment systems to move packages from Amazon's warehouses to customers\u2019 homes."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart was founded in 2012 by serial entrepreneur Apoorva Mehta, a former Amazon.com employee."}], "id": "bGYWG5dFaTg8NzeRuw0p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "About 12,000 of Instacart's 142,000 workers are employees with the option of unionizing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Orders are fulfilled and delivered by an Instacart personal shopper, who picks, packs, and delivers the order within the customer's designated time frame\u2014within one hour or up to five days in advance."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In March 2019, Instacart expanded its same-day alcohol delivery service in the U.S., making Instacart one of the largest online delivery and pickup marketplaces for alcohol in the U.S.On April 11, 2019, the company expanded its services to offering an on-demand option for its workers, in order to allow workers to work more flexible schedules."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Apoorva previously worked at BlackBerry, Qualcomm, and then Amazon as a supply chain engineer, where he developed fulfillment systems to move packages from Amazon's warehouses to customers\u2019 homes."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart was founded in 2012 by serial entrepreneur Apoorva Mehta, a former Amazon.com employee."}], "text": "One of the Instacart's founder's previous employers is known for its Egg McMuffins.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa, twin sister to Luke, former princess of Alderaan, and a leading general in the Resistance"}], "id": "bKUdBrHfliAreGaXaFlC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII \u2013 The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "According to creature designer Neal Scanlan, The Last Jedi has more practical effects than any Star Wars film, with 180 to 200 creatures created with practical effects, some cut from the final edit."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first \"season\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Rey and Leia sense his death, and Leia tells Rey that the Resistance can rise again."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Last Jedi follows Rey as she seeks the aid of Luke Skywalker, in hopes of turning the tide for the Resistance in the fight against Kylo Ren and the First Order, while General Leia Organa, Finn, and Poe Dameron attempt to escape a First Order attack on the dwindling Resistance fleet."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists \u2014 and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa, twin sister to Luke, former princess of Alderaan, and a leading general in the Resistance"}], "text": "In the film Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Leia leaves the Resistance to save the Federation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career."}], "id": "bNaLFMx4QrVjiSGQmIi5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band."}, {"section_header": "History | Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983\u20131985)", "text": "At a show in Oakland, California, at the Day on the Green festival, the band played to a crowd of 60,000."}, {"section_header": "History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012\u20132018)", "text": "In February 2018, the band announced a second set of North American tour dates, most of which for cities that they had not visited in up to thirty years."}, {"section_header": "History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012\u20132018)", "text": "In January 2015, Metallica announced a \"Metallica Night\" with the San Jose Sharks, which featured a Q&A session with the band and a charity auction benefiting the San Francisco Bay Chapter of the Sierra Club, but no performances."}, {"section_header": "History | St. Anger, Some Kind of Monster and The Videos 1989\u20132004 (2001\u20132007)", "text": "Once the record was completed, the band started to hold auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement."}, {"section_header": "History | S&M, Napster controversy and Newsted's departure (1999\u20132001)", "text": "Does he start touring with it?"}, {"section_header": "History | S&M2 and upcoming eleventh studio album (2019\u2013present)", "text": "Later that month, the band announced that it would perform at the grand opening of San Francisco's new Chase Center with the San Francisco Symphony in September to celebrate the twenty-year anniversary of"}, {"section_header": "History | S&M2 and upcoming eleventh studio album (2019\u2013present)", "text": "In July 2019, Metallica announced a set of South American tour dates for April 2020 with Greta Van Fleet in support."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Trivium guitarists Corey Beaulieu and Matt Heafy said that when they heard Metallica they wanted to start playing guitar."}, {"section_header": "History | \"Big Four\" concerts, Lulu and Beyond Magnetic (2010\u20132012)", "text": "Right now we are going to just chill out and then probably start up again in, I'd say, March or April, and start probably putting the creative cap back on and start writing some songs.\" Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax performed on the same bill for the first time on June 16, 2010, at Warsaw Babice Airport, Warsaw, as a part of the Sonisphere Festival series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career."}], "text": "Metallica is an American band that started in San Diego, California.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968\u20131976), San Diego Padres (1977\u20131980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981\u20131985)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is a three-time World Series champion, a seven-time All-Star, a four-time Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, and a three-time MLB saves leader."}], "id": "bNpLua91oAXRtoBDV28j", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Fingers won the American League's (AL) Most Valuable Player Award and Cy Young Award in 1981."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "In 1981, Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award, the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player Award, and AL Cy Young Award."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During the 1972 season, Fingers entered games in the fifth inning on four occasions, but mostly entered in the sixth inning or later."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During that game, he gave up one run on four hits in five full innings."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968\u20131976), San Diego Padres (1977\u20131980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981\u20131985)."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Finley sued Kuhn, and he benched Fingers, Rudi and Blue, saying that they belonged to other teams."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers pitched \u200b5 1\u20443 innings, allowing three hits and two runs."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "By the end of May 1971, Athletics manager Dick Williams decided that Fingers would be the late-inning closer."}, {"section_header": "Fingers and modern relief pitching", "text": "When Fingers reached the major leagues, the role of relief pitchers was limited, as starting pitchers rarely left games while holding a lead; but as team offense increased following the 1968 season, and especially with the American League's introduction of the designated hitter in 1973, managers became more willing to replace starters in the late innings with a lead in order to forestall any late rallies by opponents."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Mainly he entered in the seventh, eighth, or ninth innings."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is a three-time World Series champion, a seven-time All-Star, a four-time Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, and a three-time MLB saves leader."}], "text": "Roland Fingers  is a Cy Young winner and and played for four teams in the majors.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In chemistry, alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (\u2212OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}], "id": "bOrOqKrGQXFWNh5ACJYA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "so-called as \"alcohols\" in modern chemistry after 1850.The term ethanol was invented in 1892, combining the word ethane with the \"-ol\" ending of \"alcohol\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In chemistry, alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (\u2212OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as \"The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), for which R=H, and the next is ethanol, for which R=CH3, the methyl group."}, {"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "Methanol and ethanol are less acutely toxic."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties", "text": "Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes", "text": "Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members, includes all compounds for which the general formula is CnH2n+1OH."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Etymology", "text": "The meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed to ethanol, when \"spirits\" was a synonym for hard liquor."}], "text": "Alcohol is an biotic amalgamation in chemistry and was a antidote and primarily ethanol.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nearly half are still at Rano Raraku, the main mo\u02bbai quarry, but hundreds were transported from there and set on stone platforms called ahu around the island's perimeter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}], "id": "bQDhYPWA5uOBiiZltsoT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling mo\u02bbai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Some were incomplete because, when inclusions were encountered, the carvers would abandon a partial statue and start a new one."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "In 2008, a Finnish tourist chipped a piece off the ear of one mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Creating the mo\u02bbai was one way the islanders would honor their ancestors; during the height of the birdman cult there is evidence which suggests that the construction of mo\u02bbai stopped."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "\" The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\"One of the most fascinating sights at Orongo are the hundreds of petroglyphs carved with birdman and Makemake images."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Though mo\u02bbai are whole-body statues, they are often referred to as \"Easter Island heads\" in some popular literature."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Originally, Easter Islanders had a paramount chief or single leader."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145\u2013165 tons (160\u2013182 metric tons)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nearly half are still at Rano Raraku, the main mo\u02bbai quarry, but hundreds were transported from there and set on stone platforms called ahu around the island's perimeter."}], "text": "The moai are stone statues on Easter Island and no one knows how they got there.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Duvall was born January 5, 1931, in San Diego, California, the son of Mildred Virginia (n\u00e9e Hart; 1901\u2013c. 1986), an amateur actress, and William Howard Duvall (1904\u20131984), a Virginia-born U.S. Navy rear admiral."}], "id": "bQMVn2A7soCNDxhhVM3l", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a relative of  U.S. Civil War General Robert E. Lee, and a member of the Lee Family of Virginia, while his father was a descendant of settler Mareen Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "In 2014, he starred in The Judge alongside Robert Downey Jr.."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He portrayed General Robert E. Lee in Gods and Generals in 2003."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall's political views are variously described as libertarian or conservative."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "While the movie itself received mixed reviews, Duvall's performance was praised."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "The latter role was based on a Marine aviator, Colonel Donald Conroy, the father of the book's author Pat Conroy."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Film Duvall's screen debut was as Boo Radley in the critically acclaimed To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robert Selden Duvall (; born January 5, 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spans more than six decades."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "My father started at the Academy when he was 16, made captain at 39 and retired as a rear admiral.\" He attended Severn School in Severna Park, Maryland, and The Principia in St. Louis, Missouri."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2001, Pedraza and Duvall founded the Robert Duvall Children's Fund to assist families in Northern Argentina through renovations of homes, schools, and medical facilities."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Duvall was born January 5, 1931, in San Diego, California, the son of Mildred Virginia (n\u00e9e Hart; 1901\u2013c. 1986), an amateur actress, and William Howard Duvall (1904\u20131984), a Virginia-born U.S. Navy rear admiral."}], "text": "Robert Duvall's father was an engineer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin."}], "id": "bRDzplkvlya35uNjFnbV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy", "text": "Grant stated that he was \"unfitted\" for the command of an army and that no one knew this better than Burnside himself."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "Burnside ran as a Democrat for one of the Congressional seats in Rhode Island in 1858 and was defeated in a landslide."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Fredericksburg", "text": "Gen. Joseph Hooker, one of the officers who had conspired against him."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ambrose attended Liberty Seminary as a young boy, but his education was interrupted when his mother died in 1841; he was apprenticed to a local tailor, eventually becoming a partner in the business."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Antietam", "text": "He sent a succession of couriers to motivate Burnside to move forward, ordering one aide, \"Tell him if it costs 10,000 men he must go now.\" He further increased the pressure by sending his inspector general to confront Burnside, who reacted indignantly: \"McClellan appears to think I am not trying my best to carry this bridge; you are the third or fourth one who has been to me this morning with similar orders."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy", "text": "One reason might have been that, with all his deficiencies, Burnside never had any angles of his own to play; he was a simple, honest, loyal soldier, doing his best even if that best was not very good, never scheming or conniving or backbiting."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "He was elected to three one-year terms as Governor of Rhode Island, serving from May 29, 1866, to May 25, 1869."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "He then went west in search of employment and became treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he worked for and became friendly with George B. McClellan, who later became one of his commanding officers."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin."}], "text": "Ambrose Burnside was one of 9 kids.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "During his final, protracted illness, Hadrian was prevented from suicide on several occasions."}], "id": "baIaUbS17meGaDmYhJ3i", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "There was no public trial for the four \u2013 they were tried in absentia, hunted down and killed."}, {"section_header": "Public service | Succession", "text": "It has been suggested that Trajan's young manservant Phaedimus, who died very soon after Trajan, was killed (or killed himself) rather than face awkward questions."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Hadrian was to spend more than half his reign outside Italy."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "He was the son-in-law of Gaius Avidius Nigrinus, one of the \"four consulars\" executed in 118, but was himself in delicate health, apparently with a reputation more \"of a voluptuous, well educated great lord than that of a leader\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "It is documented that in Egypt he and his beloved Antinous killed a lion."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "He was buried first at Puteoli, near Baiae, on an estate that had once belonged to Cicero."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "In northwest Asia, he founded and dedicated a city to commemorate a she-bear he killed."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "In Rome, eight reliefs featuring Hadrian in different stages of hunting decorate a building that began as a monument celebrating a kill."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Previous emperors had often left Rome for long periods, but mostly to go to war, returning once the conflict was settled."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests | Poem by Hadrian", "text": "Your usual distractions no more shall be there... The poem has enjoyed remarkable popularity, but uneven critical acclaim."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "During his final, protracted illness, Hadrian was prevented from suicide on several occasions."}], "text": "Hadrian tried to kill himself more than once, but was not allowed.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19:20: \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" The main characters of the play are George and Maggie Antrobus (from Greek: \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (anthropos), \"human\" or \"person\"), their two children, Henry and Gladys, and Sabina, who appears as the family's maid in the first and third acts, and as a beauty queen temptress in the second act."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."}], "id": "baWZCeuiQjXNsIiCkdV1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influences and criticism", "text": "Norman Cousins, editor of the Review, printed a short article by Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson titled \"The Skin of Whose Teeth?"}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19:20: \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" The main characters of the play are George and Maggie Antrobus (from Greek: \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (anthropos), \"human\" or \"person\"), their two children, Henry and Gladys, and Sabina, who appears as the family's maid in the first and third acts, and as a beauty queen temptress in the second act."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "She also says: \"Don't forget that a few years ago we came through the depression by the skin of our teeth!"}, {"section_header": "Influences and criticism", "text": "I went to see Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth, which was the big Broadway hit at the time... all I heard was Finnegans Wake."}, {"section_header": "Notable productions", "text": "So I said, \"I think we should write a letter to the New York Times.\" Campbell claimed to have compared Finnegans Wake and the book form of The Skin of Our Teeth and found \"nearly two hundred and fifty analogues\u2014characters, themes, and finally a four-line, word-for-word quote.\" In 2017, Theatre for a New Audience performed The Skin of Our Teeth directed by Arin Arbus."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "For instance, in the first scene, the actress playing Sabina reveals her misgivings to the audience about the play, in the second act she refuses to say lines in the play and tells the spectators things that cause a woman in the audience to run from the theater sobbing, and, in the third act, the actor playing Mr. Antrobus interrupts to announce that several actors have taken ill, and asks the audience to indulge them while the  \"stage manager\" of the play conducts a rehearsal with the replacements."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Act I", "text": "There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "This is a story from the Bible, in which Cain, the son of Adam, murders his brother Abel after God favors Abel over Cain regarding gifts."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Sabina's stock-maid monologue begins and ends the play in the same way; this \"stage-play\" goes on and on."}], "text": "The Skin of Our Teeth is a play and the title was taken from a saying in a bible.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Skin of Our Teeth"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The Jeters lived in New Jersey until Derek was four years old, at which point they moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan."}], "id": "bd1ZFKkRmKZ7pAvq7UUl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a player, Jeter spent his entire 20-year MLB career with the New York Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Attending New York Yankees games with his grandparents, Jeter became a passionate fan of the team."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2009\u20132013", "text": "He is the only member of the 3,000 hit club to record all of his hits with the New York Yankees, and the only player to join the club as a Yankee."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The Jeters lived in New Jersey until Derek was four years old, at which point they moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Jeter maintains homes in Marlboro Township, New Jersey; Greenwood Lake, New York; and the Davis Islands neighborhood of Tampa, Florida."}, {"section_header": "Player profile | Defense", "text": "Jeter's ultimate zone rating (UZR) improved from worst in the AL for shortstops in 2007 to close to league average in 2008.When asked to respond to criticism of his defense, Jeter replied: \"I play in New York, man."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2003\u20132008", "text": "Although things are going to change next year and we're going to move across the street, there are a few things with the New York Yankees that never change."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Jeter settled a tax dispute regarding his official residence with the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance in 2008."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter was born on June 26, 1974, in Pequannock Township, New Jersey, the son of accountant Dorothy (n\u00e9e Connors) and substance abuse counselor Sanderson Charles Jeter."}, {"section_header": "Appearances outside of baseball | Other appearances", "text": "A wax figure immortalizes Jeter at the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum in New York, and a sculpture at the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory in Louisville, Kentucky."}], "text": "Derek Jeter is from Flint and played for the New York Yankees.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Derek Jeter"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors."}], "id": "bduzZbRL9RnpvCxAJiUX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major structures | Naubat Khana", "text": "The Indian War Memorial Museum is located on the second floor."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "For example, the Koh-i-Noor diamond, the jade wine cup of Shah Jahan and the crown of Bahadur Shah II are all currently located in London."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Mumtaz Mahal", "text": "The Mumtaz Mahal houses the Red Fort Archaeological Museum."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first was held between November and December 1945 at the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Red Fort Archaeological Museum was moved from the drum house to the Mumtaz Mahal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort."}, {"section_header": "Architecture", "text": "Red Fort is one of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts."}], "text": "The Red Fort is located in Africa.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Red Fort"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Composition and setting | Manuscripts", "text": "The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd."}], "id": "bfM0xQWKCyHwdeiTBgSq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The earliest possible date for Luke-Acts is around 62 AD, the time of Paul's imprisonment in Rome, but most scholars date the work to 80\u201390 AD on the grounds that it uses Mark as a source, looks back on the destruction of Jerusalem, and does not show any awareness of the letters of Paul (which began circulating late in the first century); if it does show awareness of the Pauline epistles, and also of the work of the Jewish historian Josephus, as some believe, then a date in the early 2nd century is possible."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Anchor Bible: The Acts of the Apostles-A new Translation with Introduction and Commentary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Acts of the Apostles (Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, Pr\u00e1xeis Apost\u00f3l\u014dn; Latin: Act\u016bs Apostol\u014drum), often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Christ, the Spirit and the Community of God: Essays on the Acts of the Apostles."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Audience and authorial intent", "text": "the Christian missionaries are always cleared of charges of violating Roman laws, and Acts ends with Paul in Rome proclaiming the Christian message under Roman protection; at the same time, Luke makes clear that the Romans, like all earthly rulers, receive their authority from Satan, while Christ is ruler of the kingdom of God."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Manuscripts", "text": "The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, the author was the \"Luke\" named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself; this view is still sometimes advanced, but \"a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters.\" (An example can be seen by comparing Acts's accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1\u201331, 22:6\u201321, and 26:9\u201323) with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17\u201324).) The author \"is an admirer of Paul, but does not share Paul's own view of himself as an apostle; his own theology is considerably different from Paul's on key points and does not represent Paul's own views accurately."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The title \"Acts of the Apostles\" was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century."}, {"section_header": "Structure and content | Content", "text": "Saul of Tarsus, one of the Jews who persecuted the followers of Jesus, is converted by a vision to become a follower of Christ (an event which Luke regards as so important that he relates it three times)."}], "text": "The book of the Christian bible The Acts of the Apostles has an intact version dating back to the time of Christ.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Acts of the Apostles"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}], "id": "bjWpgmc20j7FOpnQhxZO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" was published in the United States by Doubleday & McClure in April 1898 as part of the book The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure, which included additional works by Crane such as"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\"."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Crane completed the story that would become \"The Open Boat\" a few weeks later, in mid-February."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Like other major works by Stephen Crane, \"The Open Boat\" contains numerous examples of symbolism, imagery and metaphor."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Man vs. nature", "text": "Similar to other Naturalist works, \"The Open Boat\" scrutinizes the position of man, who has been isolated not only from society, but also from God and nature."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The English volume, published simultaneously with the American one, was titled The Open Boat and Other Stories and published by William Heinemann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in Scribner's Magazine."}], "text": "The Open Boat is a series of novel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}], "id": "bkBRZnqY2W8syP8q7d2Y", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for money."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "He is a pompous, obsequious clergyman who intends to marry one of the Bennet girls."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Later, Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, declaring his love for her despite her inferior social rank."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Wealth", "text": "George Wickham tried to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam married for money."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Wealth", "text": "In chapter 1, when Mr Bingley arrives, she declares \"I am thinking of his marrying one of them\"."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Class", "text": "When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, he cites their economic and social differences as an obstacle his excessive love has had to overcome, though he still anxiously harps on the problems it poses for him within his social circle."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Thus it is imperative that at least one of the girls marry well to support the others, which is a motivation that drives the plot."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Marriage", "text": "When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Wealth", "text": "Mrs Bennet is frequently seen encouraging her daughters to marry a wealthy man of high social class."}], "text": "The novel focuses on the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne."}], "id": "bknu9OvEAjsoEu2ZF5h1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Diamond Jubilee and longevity", "text": "By invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, she made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011."}, {"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Silver Jubilee", "text": "The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Accession and coronation", "text": "Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute."}, {"section_header": "Reign | Golden Jubilee", "text": "In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "The Princess Elizabeth 20 November 1947 \u2013 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh"}, {"section_header": "Reign | Silver Jubilee", "text": "In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Marriage", "text": "Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne."}], "text": "Elizabeth II has Irish roots.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Elizabeth II"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}], "id": "bmHYC6cTW1SCeOQa4Zi1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "In Stefan Collini's opinion, \"Dover Beach\" is a difficult poem to analyze, and some of its passages and metaphors  have become so well known that they are hard to see with \"fresh eyes\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Kevin Kline's character, Cal Gold, in the film The Anniversary Party recites part of \"Dover Beach\" as a toast."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Beach\" has been mentioned in a number of novels, plays, poems, and films: In Dodie Smith's novel, I Capture the Castle (1940), the book's protagonist remarks that Debussy's Clair de Lune reminds her of \"Dover Beach\" (in the film adaptation of the novel, the character quotes (or, rather, misquotes) a line from the poem)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Samuel Barber composed a setting of \"Dover Beach\" for string quartet and baritone."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching \"Dover Beach\" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role (\"Listen!"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "William Butler Yeats responds directly to Arnold's pessimism in his four-line poem, \"The Nineteenth Century and After\" (1929): Anthony Hecht, US Poet Laureate, replied to \"Dover Beach\" in his poem \"The Dover Bitch\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "In Fahrenheit 451 (1951), author Ray Bradbury has his protagonist Guy Montag read part of \"Dover Beach\" to his wife Mildred and her friends after attempts at intellectual conversation fail and Montag discovers just how shallow and uncaring"}], "text": "Dover Beach is a film by Stefan Collini.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Dover Beach"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "He was hired as the first base coach for the Red Sox in 1967 under new manager Dick Williams."}], "id": "bmnxJbQN9hO4HPC3CoI4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After he retired as a player, Doerr served as a scout and a coach; he worked with Carl Yastrzemski before his Triple Crown season."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937\u20131951)."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "He was hired as the first base coach for the Red Sox in 1967 under new manager Dick Williams."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "\"On August 2, 2007, the Red Sox held \"Bobby Doerr Day\" at Fenway Park where he rode along the warning track in a car, threw out the first pitch, and gave a speech."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "Doerr was the last surviving member of the 1946 Boston Red Sox team that won the AL pennant and lost the World Series in seven games to the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "He became the oldest living former Red Sox player upon the death of Lou Lucier in October 2014."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Career totals", "text": "All of Doerr's offensive Red Sox records were later broken by Williams, who referred to Doerr as \"the silent captain of the Red Sox."}, {"section_header": "Later MLB career", "text": "Doerr resigned from the Red Sox when Williams was fired as manager in September 1969."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "In 1938, he became a regular in the Red Sox lineup."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Doerr lived in Oregon since the late 1930s, residing in the vicinity of Agness for much of his career before relocating to Junction City in the 1950s."}], "text": "Bobby Doerr was a player for the Boston Red Sox before becoming a coach.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker."}], "id": "bxxrCLGFPFRmEXtEvdCj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's \"Imagine\" to beat 15/16-year-olds."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and children", "text": "Her announcement gained over 6.3 million \"likes\" within eight hours, breaking the world record for the most liked image on the website at the time."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and children", "text": "They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 is known for coining popular phrases such as 'put a ring on it,' a euphemism for marriage proposal, '"}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "This has been recreated by many other artists since, such as Frank Ocean and Melanie Martinez."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007 that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "They were placed into a group called Girl's Tyme with three other girls, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "It's one reason Beyonc\u00e9 may be the most universally beloved artist of the Gen Y. A figure of talent, beauty and grace, Queen Bey has developed into the most exciting artist of the millennium as well as a political figure, setting the tone for how other major stars speak about feminism and the Black Lives Matter movement with the release of her landmark Lemonade album in 2016.\"She is often credited for the cultural shift towards female pop singers rapping and for creating the staccato style of 'rap-singing' she used in songs like \"Bug"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker."}], "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 is known for her many talents like singing and acting.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "id": "c3RLI3mfrnQHV56TFoVU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is divided into seven sections, each told mainly from the point of view of the correspondent, based upon Crane himself."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The English volume, published simultaneously with the American one, was titled The Open Boat and Other Stories and published by William Heinemann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The correspondent then notices a shark swimming near the boat, but he does not seem to be bothered by it as one would expect."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" was published in the United States by Doubleday & McClure in April 1898 as part of the book The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure, which included additional works by Crane such as"}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Praising the merit of the story and his friend's literary importance, journalist Harold Frederic wrote in his review for The New York Times that \"even if he had written nothing else, [\"The Open Boat\" would] have placed [Crane] where he now undoubtedly stands.\" English poet Robert Bridges likewise praised the story in his review for Life, stating that Crane \"has indelibly fixed the experience on your mind, and that is the test of a literary artisan\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He and three other men were forced to navigate their way to shore in a small boat; one of the men, an oiler named Billie Higgins, drowned after the boat overturned."}], "text": "The Open Boat is based on a true experience.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Kennedy's maternal grandfather and namesake, John F. \"Honey Fitz\" Fitzgerald, served as a U.S. Congressman and was elected to two terms as Mayor of Boston."}], "id": "c5q2nMGOutwON6Z6NcJO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical evaluations and legacy", "text": "Throughout the English-speaking world, the given name Kennedy has sometimes been used in honor of President Kennedy, as well his brother Robert."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1961\u20131963) | Domestic policy | Civil Rights Movement", "text": "Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt led the commission."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "The defiant Kennedy took the cue and named his group \"The Muckers Club\", which included roommate and lifelong friend Kirk LeMoyne"}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Popular image", "text": "Although Eisenhower had allowed presidential press conferences to be filmed for television, Kennedy was the first president to ask for them to be broadcast live and made good use of the medium."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | \"Camelot Era\"", "text": "The term was first publicly used by his wife in a post-assassination Life magazine interview with Theodore H. White, in which she revealed his affection for the contemporary Broadway musical of the same name, particularly the closing lines of the title song: Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief, shining moment that was known as Camelot."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "His paternal grandfather, P. J. Kennedy, served as a Massachusetts state legislator."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Health", "text": "The President's primary White House physician, George Burkley, realized that treatments by Jacobson and Travell, including the excessive use of steroids and amphetamines, were medically inappropriate, and took effective action to remove the president from their care."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945)", "text": "FOUR.His first command was PT-101 from December 7, 1942, until February 23, 1943: It was a patrol torpedo (PT) boat used for training while Kennedy was an instructor at Melville."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "In 1939, Kennedy toured Europe, the Soviet Union, the Balkans, and the Middle East in preparation for his Harvard senior honors thesis."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Personal tragedies", "text": "His wife Jacqueline Kennedy suffered a miscarriage in 1955 and a stillbirth in 1956: a daughter informally named Arabella."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Kennedy's maternal grandfather and namesake, John F. \"Honey Fitz\" Fitzgerald, served as a U.S. Congressman and was elected to two terms as Mayor of Boston."}], "text": "Former U.S President Kennedy took his first and middle name from his grandfather.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "John F. Kennedy"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey also played football as a wide receiver and received scholarship offers to play college football for such programs as Oklahoma and Michigan."}], "id": "cA3u3LbE7OU8zDxmEgoT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey also played football as a wide receiver and received scholarship offers to play college football for such programs as Oklahoma and Michigan."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The team also honored Griffey in a unique fashion in the 2016 MLB draft, selecting his son Trey in the 24th round (matching his jersey number), even though Trey, at the time a wide receiver at the University of Arizona, had not played baseball since his preteen years."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Taryn goes to the University of Arizona and plays for the women's basketball team."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Trey is a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL)."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "On January 6, 2016, Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 99.32 percent of the vote, breaking the record previously held by Tom Seaver's 98.84 percent in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "and the father of National Football League player Trey Griffey."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "He led his league multiple times in different hitting categories."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "It marked the 44th different ballpark in which he had hit a home run."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "\" Griffey ultimately accepted a contract offer from the Mariners on February 18, 2009, after \"agonizing\" over the decision."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Griffey indicated he was motivated by sentimental reasons toward Seattle, where he received an overwhelmingly positive reception when he last played there as a Cincinnati Red in June 2007, but was inclined towards the Braves for its proximity to his home in Orlando, Florida, and his desire to be with his family during the season."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. played football and received scholarship offers to play for different universities.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Vince Gilligan created the television show Breaking Bad with the premise that the show's protagonist Walter White would turn from \"From Mr. Chips to Scarface\" through the series' course."}], "id": "cQT3yBYGlqk2bucyf61Z", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Like Mr. Chips, Balgarnie was a strict disciplinarian, but would also invite boys to visit him for tea and biscuits."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Early in the novel, Anderson briefly reminisces about attending Brookfield and knowing \"Chips\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film | 1969 film", "text": "In this version the character of Katherine is greatly expanded, and the time setting of the story is moved forward several decades, with Chips\u2019 career beginning in the early 20th century and his later career covering World War II, rather than World War I.  O\u2019Toole and Clark's performances were widely praised."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Vince Gilligan created the television show Breaking Bad with the premise that the show's protagonist Walter White would turn from \"From Mr. Chips to Scarface\" through the series' course."}], "text": "Mr.Chips, of Goodbye, Mr. Chips, was not the inspiration for a character in any popular crime dramas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of Canaan (as Esau had done)."}], "id": "cWi0yxhxlhTJ7vmGJXqe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Esau was heartbroken by the deception, and begged for his own blessing."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Isaac therefore sent Esau out to the fields to trap and cook a piece of game for him, so that he could eat it and bless Esau before he died."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as \"that red, red stuff\", giving rise to his nickname, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd\u200e ('Edom, meaning \"Red\").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Jacob had scarcely left the room when Esau returned from the hunt to receive the blessing."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Surprised to perceive that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Confused, Isaac exclaimed, \"The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau!\" (27:22)."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "As a contrast, Isaac perceived Gehenna opening beneath Esau when the latter entered the room."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Esau was filled with hatred toward Jacob for taking away both his birthright and his blessing."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Jacob and Esau were born when Isaac was 60 (Gen. 25:26); at that time Ishmael was 74."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of Canaan (as Esau had done)."}], "text": "Esau got hitched to a woman who was a Phoenician.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($10.2 million), Germany ($6.1 million), France ($6 million), Australia ($5.6 million) and Brazil ($2.5 million)."}], "id": "cZVdfeeD4MKrbn4YgHFP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "On its second weekend, it grossed $76.1 million overseas and became the fourth-highest-grossing film of the year in Europe."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada", "text": "It went on to make $104.8 million on its first day (including previews), and $220 million over the weekend, both the second-highest amounts of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "The Last Jedi added only $7 million during the week, to reach a total of $34.2 million in its first seven days."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "In July 2013, Kennedy announced at Star Wars Celebration Europe that John Williams would return to score the Star Wars sequel trilogy."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens opened to $52 million two years prior and Rogue One, which featured Chinese stars Donnie Yen and Jiang Wen, opened to $30 million in 2016."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "It would have lasted four days, but filming was canceled for the first day due to poor weather and rough conditions."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "In its first two days of release the film made $60.8 million from 48 markets."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "This included $36.7 million in the UK (third-highest), $23.6 million in Germany (second-highest), $18.1 million in France, $15.9 million in Australia (second-highest), $14.4 million in Japan, $8.5 million in Russia, $8.3 million in Spain, $7.2 million in Brazil, $7 million in Italy and Mexico, $6.0 million in Sweden and $5.1 million in South Korea."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was the highest-grossing film of 2017, the second highest-grossing film in the series (behind The Force Awakens), the fourth highest-grossing film released by Walt Disney Studios, the sixth highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries", "text": "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($10.2 million), Germany ($6.1 million), France ($6 million), Australia ($5.6 million) and Brazil ($2.5 million)."}], "text": "Internationally, Star Wars: The Last Jedi's box office in the UK on the first days was the highest in Europe.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Throughout his years at school, Kim remains in contact with the holy man he has come to love."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "He occasionally works for Mahbub Ali, a Pashtun horse trader who is one of the native operatives of the British secret service."}], "id": "cd6zJeixlQQ28FAnqufx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Living a vagabond existence in India under British rule in the late 19th century, Kim earns his living by begging and running small errands on the streets of Lahore."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism", "text": "Wilson, Angus, The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling: His Life and Works, (New York,"}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Peopled with fakirs, street vendors and wealthy elites, the beginning of the novel parallels Kim in many ways."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism", "text": "ISBN 0-7195-5560-4 The author visits the locations of the novel and discusses the real-life personages that may have possibly inspired its characters."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "On the way, Kim incidentally learns about parts of the Great Game and is recruited by Mahbub Ali to carry a message to the head of British intelligence in Umballa."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "Steven Gould's 2011 novel 7th Sigma is heavily based on Kim, featuring a young boy named Kim who is raised by a martial arts teacher and becomes involved in intelligence work, eventually becoming a trained agent."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Kipling, Rudyard, Kim, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "The Sussex edition is standard for Kipling's works."}, {"section_header": "Homages", "text": "The first part of Robert Heinlein's 1957 novel Citizen of the Galaxy depict a clever slave boy of mysterious parentage living in a feudal planet and guided by an inter-stellar great-game spy."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Throughout his years at school, Kim remains in contact with the holy man he has come to love."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "He occasionally works for Mahbub Ali, a Pashtun horse trader who is one of the native operatives of the British secret service."}], "text": "Rudyard Kipling's novel, Kim, is about a boy who learns life lessons under a street vendor's tutelage.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kim (novel)"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "The fields were later taken over by the local Little League teams, and are still in use."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns \"Sisler Field\"."}], "id": "cfeASgGWOJyJZ3cTBIjG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns \"Sisler Field\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler was part of a scouting corps that Rickey assigned to look for black players, though the scouts thought they were looking for players to fill an all-black baseball team separate from MLB."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After Sisler retired as a player, he worked as a major league scout and aide."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "He then enlisted in the army, joining several major league players in a Chemical Warfare Service unit commanded by Rickey."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "The fields were later taken over by the local Little League teams, and are still in use."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "A severe attack of sinusitis caused him double vision in 1923, forcing him to miss the entire season."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sisler was an athletic student and played baseball, basketball and football in high school, but was more focused on baseball."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sisler was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Sisler also spent some time as commissioner of the National Baseball Congress."}], "text": "George Harold Sisler, famous player of baseball and talent scout, has several fields named after him that are utilized primarily by children.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996."}], "id": "cgzpmUdluhqLsFUGkvbj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "George R. R. Martin was already a successful fantasy and sci-fi author and TV writer before writing his A Song of Ice and Fire book series."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Genre", "text": "George R. R. Martin believes the most profound influences to be the ones experienced in childhood."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The first scholarly monograph on the series is George R. R. Martin and the Fantasy Form, by New Zealand scholar Joseph Rex Young."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "George R. R. Martin earned his following the hard way, by word of mouth, by hooking his characters into the psyche of his readers to an extent that most writers of fantasy only dream of."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "Admiring the works of J. R. R. Tolkien in his childhood, he wanted to write an epic fantasy, though he did not have any specific ideas."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "After the success of The Lord of the Rings films, Martin received his first inquiries to the rights of the A Song of Ice and Fire series from various producers and filmmakers."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "Martin does not consider A Song of Ice and Fire a \"series\" but a single story published in several volumes."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "Martin chose A Song of Ice and Fire as the overall series title: Martin saw the struggle of the cold Others and the fiery dragons as one possible meaning for \"Ice and Fire\", whereas the word \"song\" had previously appeared in Martin's book titles A Song for Lya and Songs"}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | Overview", "text": "Books in the A Song of Ice and Fire series are first published in hardcover and are later re-released as paperback editions."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996."}], "text": "George R. R. Martin published the first volume of the novel, A Song of Ice and Fire  in the early 2000's.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "A Song of Ice and Fire"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kelly was born in Troy, New York  to Michael Kelly Sr."}], "id": "cjd810jEq1owzaA1eWEV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "\"Hi! Hi!\" Dixwell and Frank Norton, and Boston Players' League President Charles A. Prince and Secretary Julian B. Hart."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kelly's baserunning innovations are also the subject of the hit 1889 song entitled \"Slide, Kelly, Slide\" and a 1927 comedy film of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "He was billed as \"King Kelly, the Monarch of the Baseball Field.\" His trousers and shirt collar were too big and he buttoned his jacket wrong."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Palace Theatre. The London Gaiety Girls, Chaperoned by King Kelly, the Famous $10,000 Base Ballist.\" During the week, his name was deleted when he was too ill to appear."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first written by a baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "Floyd was arguably the first player agent in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Early career", "text": "The year after that, Kelly signed to play for the Cincinnati Reds, then known as the Red Stockings."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "The house, worth $10,000, could not be mortgaged based on the $1,100 in donations, $400 of which went for a horse and carriage, so in the winter of 1890-91, father-in-law John Headifen \"came to the rescue of his (Kelly's) [sic] friends and subscribed $1800\", the Boston Record said."}, {"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "\"Kelly laughed, too, and shook a roll of music at a lot of friends up in the private boxes.\" Kelly came on after two French singers of opera."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kelly was born in Troy, New York  to Michael Kelly Sr."}], "text": "Sharing the same first name as his father, King Kelly came to be known for his baseball career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian preferred to invest in the development of stable, defensible borders and the unification of the empire's disparate peoples."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian (; Latin: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus; 24 January 76 \u2013 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138."}], "id": "ckZfo62Z1hczlfXKmAf5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "As Hadrian also forbade equestrians to try cases against senators, the Senate retained full legal authority over its members; it also remained the highest court of appeal, and formal appeals to the emperor regarding its decisions were forbidden."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "There was no public trial for the four \u2013 they were tried in absentia, hunted down and killed."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Hadrian sought to include provincials in a commonwealth of civilised peoples and a common Hellenic culture under Roman supervision."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities", "text": "The temple's dedication and statuary associated the worship of the traditional Roman goddess Venus, divine ancestress and protector of the Roman people, with the worship of the goddess Roma \u2013 herself a Greek invention"}, {"section_header": "Appraisals", "text": "Robin Lane Fox credits Hadrian as creator of a unified Greco-Roman cultural tradition, and as the end of this same tradition; Hadrian's attempted \"restoration\" of Classical culture within a non-democratic Empire drained it of substantive meaning, or, in Fox's words, \"kill[ed] it with kindness\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian preferred to invest in the development of stable, defensible borders and the unification of the empire's disparate peoples."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "In the Historia Augusta, Hadrian is described as \"a little too much Greek\", too  cosmopolitan for a Roman emperor."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "According to the Historia Augusta, Hadrian informed the Senate of his accession in a letter as a fait accompli, explaining that \"the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Hadrian and Trajan were both considered to be \u2013 in the words of Aurelius Victor \u2013 \"aliens\", people \"from the outside\" (advenae).Hadrian's parents died in 86, when he was ten years old."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "The self-indulgent emperor Nero had enjoyed a prolonged and peaceful tour of Greece, and had been criticised by the Roman elite for abandoning his fundamental responsibilities as emperor."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian (; Latin: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus; 24 January 76 \u2013 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138."}], "text": "Hadrian  was a Roman emperor and tried to unify the diverse people.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and ranks among the world's top countries by percentage of citizens with military training, percentage of citizens holding a tertiary education degree, research and development spending by GDP percentage, women's safety, life expectancy, innovativeness, and happiness."}], "id": "ctJ2snoZv3jv9lHEwQcZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Middle Ages and modern history", "text": "In the late 18th century, local Arab Sheikh Zahir al-Umar created a de facto independent Emirate in the Galilee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and ranks among the world's top countries by percentage of citizens with military training, percentage of citizens holding a tertiary education degree, research and development spending by GDP percentage, women's safety, life expectancy, innovativeness, and happiness."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "The United States regards Israel as its \"most reliable partner in the Middle East,\" based on \"common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests\"."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Data published by the OECD in 2016 estimated the average life expectancy of Israelis at 82.5 years, making it the 6th-highest in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Israel has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world after the United States, and the third-largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies after the U.S. and China."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Literature", "text": "Israel has also been the home of Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed: The Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature."}, {"section_header": "History | Further conflict and peace process", "text": "In 1994, the Israel\u2013Jordan peace treaty was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Museums", "text": "The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "Jews of European background were often treated more favorably than Jews from Middle Eastern and North African countries\u2014housing units reserved for the latter were often re-designated for the former, with the result that Jews newly arrived from Arab lands generally ended up staying in transit camps for longer."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions", "text": "^a Including over 200,000 Jews and 300,000 Arabs in East Jerusalem."}], "text": "Israel has the second highest quality of life in the Middle East after the United Arab Emirates.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "Baroness Thatcher died on 8 April 2013, at the age of 87, after suffering a stroke."}], "id": "cvCIwQYjNlFsHlVw1MVh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural depictions", "text": "She is the protagonist in two films, played by Lindsay Duncan in Margaret (2009) and by Meryl Streep in The Iron Lady (2011), in which she is depicted as suffering from dementia or Alzheimer's disease."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Environment", "text": "Thatcher later wrote: \"I always found the Queen's attitude towards the work of the Government absolutely correct ... stories of clashes between 'two powerful women' were just too good not to make up.\" Thatcher supported an active climate protection policy; she was instrumental in the passing of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, the founding of the Hadley Centre for Climate Research and Prediction, the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and the ratification of the Montreal Protocol on preserving the ozone."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea's Margaret Thatcher Infirmary."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural depictions", "text": "Thatcher was parodied by Wells in several media."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "In the US, Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, and was later designated Patron of The Heritage Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990", "text": "Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs | Privatisation", "text": "The policy of privatisation has been called \"a crucial ingredient of Thatcherism\"."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "Thatcher earned $50,000 for each speech she delivered."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "Thatcher became an advocate of Croatian and Slovenian independence."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "Baroness Thatcher died on 8 April 2013, at the age of 87, after suffering a stroke."}], "text": "Thatcher passed from Parkinson's disease.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915."}], "id": "cvobfySdPpcp1vS5UqjD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "The city government passed a bill to officially name the structure the \"Brooklyn Bridge\" in January 1915."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers | Caissons", "text": "The caisson on the Manhattan side was slightly different because it had to be installed at a greater depth."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic", "text": "Originally, each of the two roadways carried two lanes of a different direction of traffic."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck", "text": "A separate measurement of 5,989 feet (1,825 m) is sometimes given; this is the distance from the curb at Centre Street in Manhattan."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Roebling was subsequently named the main engineer of the work, and by September 1867, had presented a master plan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915."}, {"section_header": "Impact | Historical designations and plaques", "text": "Named after Samuel Osgood, a Massachusetts politician and lawyer, it was built in 1770 and served as the first U.S. presidential mansion."}, {"section_header": "Impact | Culture", "text": "These documents were given to the New York City Municipal Archives, where they are normally located, though the documents were briefly displayed at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1976."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "Alternatively, the span was just referred to as the \"Brooklyn Bridge\", a name originating in a January 25, 1867, letter to the editor sent to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables", "text": "These wires hold up the truss structure around the bridge deck."}], "text": "The structure was given a different name in the 1915.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Transportation", "text": "Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv, and Ramon Airport, which serves the southernmost port city of Eilat."}], "id": "czwRnmiq10buckxur2kD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Transportation", "text": "Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is Egged, serving most of the country."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Transportation", "text": "Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv, and Ramon Airport, which serves the southernmost port city of Eilat."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Israel has one official language, Hebrew."}, {"section_header": "History | Early years of the State of Israel", "text": "The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations", "text": "Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Military", "text": "The success of the Ofeq program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Military", "text": "The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the post-Soviet states between 1990 and 2004."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Out of more than one million immigrants from the former Soviet Union, about 300,000 are considered not Jewish by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics | Military", "text": "The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its military history."}], "text": "Israel only has one  large international  airport and 5,715 buses on scheduled routes.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Israel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "He was one of the highest-paid actors in the world from 2013 to 2015, earning $28 million, $46 million, and $41.5 million, respectively, and in 2019, with $57 million."}], "id": "d1CKeBgHhnTiLONZUyp9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His films have grossed $11 billion worldwide and he has placed four times in annual rankings of the highest-paid actors in the world."}, {"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "He was one of the highest-paid actors in the world from 2013 to 2015, earning $28 million, $46 million, and $41.5 million, respectively, and in 2019, with $57 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bradley Charles Cooper (born January 5, 1975) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter."}, {"section_header": "Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013\u20132017)", "text": "\" American Sniper earned $547 million worldwide to become Cooper's highest-grossing live-action film and the third highest-grossing R-rated film of all time."}, {"section_header": "Career | Professional expansion (2018\u2013present)", "text": "It grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time, and earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture and the BAFTA Award for Best Film."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "Cooper has received one BAFTA, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and two Grammy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013\u20132017)", "text": "A reviewer for The Independent argued that Cooper is \"reduced to mugging for the camera, offering reaction shots to nothing.\" Nevertheless, like its preceding entries, the film was a commercial success, grossing $362 million worldwide, and remains one of Cooper's highest-grossing releases."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "The Hangover was a commercial success and finished as among the highest-grossing R-rated films in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Media image and other work", "text": "Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015."}, {"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough and success (2009\u20132012)", "text": "In 2009, Cooper hosted Saturday Night Live with musical guest TV on the Radio, portraying actor Christian Bale in one sketch, and appeared in a supporting role in the film"}], "text": "American actor Bradley Cooper is one of the highest paid actors in the world haaving grossing $11 billion.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bradley Cooper"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "It performed at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London (2012) The Very Merry Wives of Windsor, Iowa by Alison Carey, adapted the play as a modern political satire, blending new dialogue with Shakespeare's text."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597."}], "id": "d3OsVV0BKPVQzR6rgD8t", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "It played as a staged reading at the Sheen Center in New York City (2018)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "It performed at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London (2012) The Very Merry Wives of Windsor, Iowa by Alison Carey, adapted the play as a modern political satire, blending new dialogue with Shakespeare's text."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "Premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (2012) The Merry Widows of Windsor by Emily C. A. Snyder is a sequel to Shakespeare's text, written in blank verse."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "It is largely considered to be the best operatic adaptation of The Merry Wives of Windsor, as well as one of opera's greatest comic achievements."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "The Comical Gallant, a revision and adaptation by John Dennis (1702) The Merry Wives of Windsor was adapted and translated into Swahili for the Bitter Pill Company by Joshua Ogutu."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "If it is correct, it would probably mean that Shakespeare wrote The Merry Wives of Windsor between Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "It premiered at the American Shakespeare Center, as one of the winners of Round 1 of Shakespeare's New Contemporaries (2018) Les deux amies, ou le vieux gar\u00e7on, music by Louis-August Papavoine (1761) Herne le chasseur, music by Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor, libretto by Douin (1773) Die Lustigen Weiber von Windsor, libretto by George Christian Romer, music by Peter Ritter (1794) Die Lustigen Weiber von Windsor, libretto by George Christian Romer, music by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1796) Falstaff, an opera buffa by composer Antonio Salieri, with a libretto by Carlo Prospero Defranceschi (1799) Falstaff by composer Michael William Balfe, with an Italian libretto by Manfredo Maggioni (1838) Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor, a singspiel, by German composer Carl Otto Nicolai (1849)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor is Shakespeare's only play that he himself seems to hold in contempt, even as he indites it."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "One is that Pistol and Shallow are introduced as new characters in Henry IV, Part 2, but in The Merry Wives their connection to Falstaff is taken for granted."}], "text": "The comedy by William Shakespeare The Merry Wives of Windsor was adapted into a political satire in London in 2012 and a sequel was staged in 2018 in New York City.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Merry Wives of Windsor"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "Deng died on 19 February 1997, aged 92 from a lung infection and Parkinson's disease."}], "id": "d8QM58WgMqSdBhyTa7wn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political career under Mao | Mayor of Chongqing", "text": "Deng Xiaoping would spend three years in Chongqing, the city where he had studied in his teenage years before going to France."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "The statue was erected to commemorate Deng's 100th birthday."}, {"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "Deng died on 19 February 1997, aged 92 from a lung infection and Parkinson's disease."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Deng Xiaoping (1995). Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1938\u20131965."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Further reforms", "text": "Premier Zhou Enlai, for example, pioneered the Four Modernizations years before Deng."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "China, however, was still in the era of Deng Xiaoping."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1975\u20131982."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1982\u20131992."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Boluan Fanzheng", "text": "\" The document also steered the prime responsibility of the Cultural Revolution away from Mao (although it did state that \"Mao mistakenly began the Cultural Revolution\") to the \"counter-revolutionary cliques\" of the Gang of Four and Lin Biao."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "The Chinese characters for \"Statue of Deng Xiaoping\" are inscribed on the pedestal."}], "text": "Deng Xiaoping passed away before his 93rd birthday from alzheimer's disease.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 1961, Vanessa Redgrave was an active member of the Committee of 100 and its working group."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "She ran for parliament several times as a party member but never received more than a few hundred votes."}], "id": "dBa8tdD0EXyvuxbv2rL8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "During a June 2005 interview on Larry King Live, Redgrave was challenged on this criticism and on her political views."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Redgrave has declined to be specific about her financial involvement but said she was \"very happy\" to be of \"some small assistance for Jamil and his wife\", adding, \"It is a profound honour and I am glad to be alive to be able to do this."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "\"In June 2006, she was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the Transilvania International Film Festival, one of whose sponsors is a mining company named Gabriel Resources."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 1967, the year Redgrave divorced Richardson, who left her for the French actress Jeanne Moreau, she became romantically involved with Italian actor Franco Nero when they met on the set of Camelot."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In December 2002, Redgrave paid \u00a350,000 bail for Chechen separatist Deputy Premier and special envoy Akhmed Zakayev, who had sought political asylum in the United Kingdom and was accused by the Russian government of aiding and abetting hostage-takings in the Moscow Hostage Crisis of 2002 and guerrilla warfare against Russia."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "However, in June 2005 Redgrave left the party."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "Redgrave has been an outspoken critic of the \"war on terrorism\"."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 2004, Vanessa Redgrave and her brother Corin Redgrave launched the Peace and Progress Party, which campaigned against the Iraq War and for human rights."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "The decision to cast Redgrave as F\u00e9nelon was, however, a source of controversy."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 1995, Redgrave was elected to serve as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In 1961, Vanessa Redgrave was an active member of the Committee of 100 and its working group."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "She ran for parliament several times as a party member but never received more than a few hundred votes."}], "text": "Redgrave was involved in politics during her lifetime.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Vanessa Redgrave"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}], "id": "dDL5agh8lR46CFnAac1V", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "The high point of the celebrations was when over 1000 colorfully designed foam domino tiles, each over 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall, were lined up along the route of the former wall through the city centre."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 ("}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}], "text": "This landmark was built on the site of a former city gate.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "As regional leader, Gorbachev initially attributed economic and other failures to \"the inefficiency and incompetence of cadres, flaws in management structure or gaps in legislation\", but eventually concluded that they were caused by an excessive centralization of decision making in Moscow."}], "id": "dJ0zrj0OSaODhnsOBoeX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b"}, {"section_header": "General Secretary of the CPSU | Early years: 1985\u20131986 | Domestic policies", "text": "He was concerned by the country's low productivity, poor work ethic, and inferior quality goods; like several economists, he feared this would lead to the country becoming a second-rate power."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR", "text": "Neither Gorbachev nor Thatcher or Mitterrand wanted a swift reunification of Germany, aware that it would likely become the dominant European power."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991", "text": "That year, opinion polls showed Yeltsin overtaking Gorbachev as the most popular politician in the Soviet Union."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990\u20131991 | August putsch and government crises", "text": "By this point, Gorbachev was isolated from many of his former close allies and aides."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978\u20131984", "text": "He began to have concerns about other policies too."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Stavropol Komsomol: 1955\u20131969", "text": "Although Gorbachev later stated that he had had private concerns about the invasion, he publicly supported it."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency | Promoting social democracy in Putin's Russia: 1999\u20132008", "text": "Stating that it would not contest the forthcoming elections, Gorbachev declared: \"We are fighting for power, but only for power over people's minds\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "In the Soviet Union itself, opinion polls indicated that Gorbachev was the most popular politician from 1985 through to late 1989."}, {"section_header": "Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970\u20131977", "text": "As regional leader, Gorbachev initially attributed economic and other failures to \"the inefficiency and incompetence of cadres, flaws in management structure or gaps in legislation\", but eventually concluded that they were caused by an excessive centralization of decision making in Moscow."}], "text": "Russian and former Soviet politician Mikhail Gorbachev was concerned with power becoming too concentrated by the 1970s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The couple had two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne."}, {"section_header": "Death | Tribute, funeral, and burial", "text": "Her coffin, draped with the royal flag, was brought to London from Paris by Prince Charles and Diana's two sisters on 31 August 1997."}], "id": "dJ9NQOEvI97Og7FBp7od", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death | Later events | Finances", "text": "Her two sons subsequently inherited the majority of her estate."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "Vine intended to portray Diana's combined strength and vulnerability as well as her closeness to her two sons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The couple had two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne."}, {"section_header": "Death | Tribute, funeral, and burial", "text": "Her coffin, draped with the royal flag, was brought to London from Paris by Prince Charles and Diana's two sisters on 31 August 1997."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The 2007 docudrama Diana: Last Days of a Princess details the final two months of her life."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The first of the two, Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy, was broadcast on ITV and HBO on 24 July 2017."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "Diana gave her sons wider experiences than was usual for royal children."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "Harry was born two years before Hewitt and Diana began their affair."}, {"section_header": "Death | Later events | Finances", "text": "Diana's engagement ring was given to William, who later passed it to his wife, Catherine Middleton, while her wedding dress and a yellow gold watch were given to Harry."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "The best way in which to record our appreciation of her work, and the work of NGOs that have campaigned against landmines, is to pass the Bill, and to pave the way towards a global ban on landmines."}], "text": "Diana had two sons with her ex-husband and passed away in 1997.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}], "id": "dKxNeGrCPV30VxEhWNgC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Minor League Baseball (1987\u20131988)", "text": "Baseball America magazine named him the league's number one major league prospect."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "A campaign had been formed to rename a section of First Avenue South, which runs adjacent to T-Mobile Park, to Ken Griffey Jr. Drive just after his announcement to retire from baseball."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Show 17 includes Ken Griffey Jr. as the cover athlete for the American version of the game."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "Griffey Jr. cited arguments with his father, Ken Griffey Sr., depression, and anger as reasons for his attempted suicide."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "On April 4, 2008, Ken Griffey Jr. passed Reggie Jackson for 16th on the all-time list after driving in his 1,702nd RBI."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ken Jr. was in the clubhouse during his father's back-to-back championships in the 1975 and 1976 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2007", "text": "On July 16, 2007, Ken Griffey Jr. hit his 587th home run to pass Frank Robinson for 6th place on the all-time home run list."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Suicide attempt", "text": "On his failed attempt, Griffey Jr. stated, \"It seemed like everyone was yelling at me in baseball, then I came home and everyone was yelling at me there."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Seattle Mariners (1989\u20131999)", "text": "Despite Griffey falling short, Major League Baseball put forth an effort to draw a new set of young fans and regain those disenchanted by the 1994 strike focused on McGwire, Sosa, and Griffey's pursuit of Maris' record."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. was nicked named \"the Kid\" to set him apart from all the other Jr.'s  in baseball.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Bayona said that making the film was the biggest challenge of his life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the second installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, and the fifth overall installment of the Jurassic Park film series."}], "id": "dMDZdu3MQpr6HzbE0fEp", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original 1993 Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg as executive producers."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "J. A. Bayona is an incredible director and I know he'll push the boundaries of what a 'Jurassic' movie is."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "During early conversations about the 2015 film Jurassic World, executive producer Steven Spielberg told director Colin Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "\" By October 2015, director J. A. Bayona was being considered to direct the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Trevorrow later told Spielberg he would only focus on directing one film in the Jurassic Park series, and announced in May 2015 that he would be involved in the sequel \"in some way, but not as director.\" He felt different directors could bring different qualities to future films."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the second installment of the planned Jurassic World trilogy, and the fifth overall installment of the Jurassic Park film series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Bayona said that making the film was the biggest challenge of his life."}], "text": "Director of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, J. A. Bayona, consulted with Steven Spielberg on many scenes.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei."}], "id": "dNegjrHKaou7R3XB3B87", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "Similarly, the combination of three quarks, each with different color charges, or three antiquarks, each with anticolor charges, will result in the same \"white\" color charge and the formation of a baryon or antibaryon."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Gell-Mann and Zweig posited that they were not elementary particles, but were instead composed of combinations of quarks and antiquarks."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei."}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "The resulting attraction between different quarks causes the formation of composite particles known as hadrons (see \"Strong interaction and color charge\" below)."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "The system of attraction and repulsion between quarks charged with different combinations of the three colors is called strong interaction, which is mediated by force carrying particles known as gluons; this is discussed at length below."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "The result of two attracting quarks will be color neutrality: a quark with color charge \u03be plus an antiquark with color charge \u2212\u03be will result in a color charge of 0 (or \"white\" color) and the formation of a meson."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Electric charge", "text": "Since the electric charge of a hadron is the sum of the charges of the constituent quarks, all hadrons have integer charges: the combination of three quarks (baryons), three antiquarks (antibaryons), or a quark and an antiquark (mesons) always results in integer charges."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "At the time of the quark theory's inception, the \"particle zoo\" included, among other particles, a multitude of hadrons."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks | Sea quarks", "text": "Despite this, sea quarks can hadronize into baryonic or mesonic particles under certain circumstances."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter."}], "text": "The combination of Quarks doesn't lead to the formation of any other particle.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Quark"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}], "id": "dRkrKh3bXEoXgi6f18DW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "In November 2018, Instacart announced the national expansion of Instacart Pickup, a grocery click-and-collect service, whereby users pick up their pre-packaged orders at the grocery store."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In March 2019, Instacart expanded its same-day alcohol delivery service in the U.S., making Instacart one of the largest online delivery and pickup marketplaces for alcohol in the U.S.On April 11, 2019, the company expanded its services to offering an on-demand option for its workers, in order to allow workers to work more flexible schedules."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instead of delivery, using the Instacart Pickup option, customers can pickup their packaged orders from the store."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "In the lead-up to the election, high-level Instacart managers distributed anti-union literature at a Skokie grocery store where some of the unionizing workers pick up groceries for delivery."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "From mid-March to mid-April 2020, Instacart hired an additional 300,000 workers to meet the surge in demand for grocery deliveries during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "In February 2019, after an online organizing campaign in which shoppers posted examples of payments as low as $0.80 per delivery attracted media and customer attention, the company announced that it would revise its pay system and give back pay to some workers."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In April 2018, Instacart instituted a 5% service fee on all orders."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In May 2020, Instacart began a partnership with Rite Aid, offering its service across 2,400 locations in 18 states."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In September 2018, Instacart added service from Walmart Canada stores, Staples Canada and M&M Food Market."}], "text": "Instacart is an online service to purchase groceries and mail pick-up.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "The muscle and wing movements of the adolescent dragons in seasons four and five were based largely on those of a chicken."}], "id": "dVHAxlsr1eIEu3j5qwE4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "The series and the novels have inspired several video games."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "In addition to the originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "This prequel, titled House of the Dragon, was picked up straight to series on October 29, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Inspirations and derivations", "text": "She and her family, as portrayed in Maurice Druon's historical novel series, The Accursed Kings, were a main inspiration of Martin's."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "Behaviour Interactive released a free-to-play mobile game in 2019 called Game of Thrones Beyond the Wall."}, {"section_header": "Overview", "text": "Showrunner David Benioff jokingly suggested \"The Sopranos in Middle-earth\" as Game of Thrones' tagline, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark tone in a fantasy setting of magic and dragons."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "The strategy game Game of Thrones Ascent ties into the HBO series, making characters and settings available to players as they appear on television."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Inspirations and derivations", "text": "A principal inspiration for the novels is the English Wars of the Roses (1455\u20131485) between the houses of Lancaster and York, reflected in Martin's houses of Lannister and Stark."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "Reigns: Game of Thrones, a spin-off of the Reigns strategy video game series, is in development by Nerial, published by Devolver Digital, and was released in October 2018."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Cultural influence", "text": "In 2019, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift told Entertainment Weekly that several songs on her 2017 album Reputation were inspired by Game of Thrones characters and plots. \" Khaleesi\" became more popular as a name for baby girls in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "The muscle and wing movements of the adolescent dragons in seasons four and five were based largely on those of a chicken."}], "text": "Some of the dragons in Game of Thrones were inspired by the anatomy of Bald Eagles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "One Direction's debut fragrance, Our Moment, launched at Harrods in London and on their website in 2013."}], "id": "dWZOMzjHwpLZhnOLtVA2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "At 16:00 (GMT+1) on 23 July 2020, One Direction premiered  a 4 minutes and 57 seconds video of memories of One Direction titled \"10 Years of One Direction\" in celebration of their anniversary."}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 22 July 2020, One Direction posted on their Twitter, Instagram and YouTube accounts a picture with the words \"10 Years of One Direction\" written in it and the caption \"Tomorrow!"}, {"section_header": "History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction", "text": "On 23 July 2020, One Direction announced a new website (10yearsof1d.com) for fans to relieve their favourite One Direction memories, but it soon crashed shortly after its announcement due to the high volume of fans entering at once."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "Signifying a further maturation of their pop sound, the album's first single, \"Steal My Girl\", was dubbed by Billboard as \"no What Makes You Beautiful, but its Coldplay-like piano pop could be a good direction\", and that the band was \"not entirely ready to let go of its bubble-gum days\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us", "text": "In December 2013, One Direction broke yet another UK sales record with the DVD and Blu-ray release of This Is Us."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us", "text": "In August of that same year, the group released their third book, One Direction: Where We Are: Our Band, Our Story: 100% Official."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Take Me Home", "text": "Following the release of Take Me Home, One Direction embarked on their second concert tour in February 2013, the Take Me Home Tour."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us", "text": "One Direction : This Is Us, a 3D documentary and concert film about the group directed by Morgan Spurlock and produced by Spurlock, Ben Winston, Adam Milano and Simon Cowell, was released by TriStar Pictures on 30 August 2013."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "Liam Payne called Midnight Memories a \"slightly rockier and edgier\" album than their previous material."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Take Me Home", "text": "In February 2013, One Direction released a cover version of \"One Way or Another\" and \"Teenage Kicks\", \"One Way or Another (Teenage Kicks)\", as the 2013 Comic Relief single."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements", "text": "One Direction's debut fragrance, Our Moment, launched at Harrods in London and on their website in 2013."}], "text": "One Direction released an aftershave called Good Direction.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "One Direction"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Arrius' galley is rammed and sunk, but Judah unchains the other rowers and rescues Arrius."}], "id": "daBtnyg1bxIOarWDx7nN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Preparation", "text": "Principal cast members, stand-ins, and stunt people made 100 practice laps of the arena in preparation for shooting."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "Marton conceived the idea of showing that Ben-Hur was able to land on and cling to the front of his chariot, then scramble back into the quadriga while the horses kept going."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "These lenses squeezed the image down 1.25 times to fit on the image area of the film stock."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "Six of the 70mm lenses, each worth $100,000, were shipped to Rome for use by the production."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "Marton and Yakima Canutt filmed the entire chariot sequence with stunt doubles in long shot, edited the footage together, and showed the footage to Zimbalist, Wyler, and Heston to show them what the race should look like and to indicate where close-up shots with Heston and Boyd should go."}, {"section_header": "Production | Production design", "text": "The ships were constructed based on plans found in Italian museums for actual ancient Roman galleys."}, {"section_header": "Production | Production design", "text": "The life-size galleys and pirate ships were dismantled to prevent them from being used by competing studios."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "Economic conditions in Italy were poor at the time, and as shooting for the chariot scene wound down only 1,500 extras were needed on any given day."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Paul Newman turned it down because he said he didn't have the legs to wear a tunic."}, {"section_header": "Production | Principal photography", "text": "A June 8, 1958, report in The New York Times said second unit director Andrew Marton had roamed \"up and down the countryside\" filming footage."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Arrius' galley is rammed and sunk, but Judah unchains the other rowers and rescues Arrius."}], "text": "In the film Ben-Hur, Judah survives his ship going down.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "id": "dbKZIE87oyKqlyKisC5z", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "\u6211\u7684\u524d\u534a\u751f [The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi] (in Chinese)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Such was the awe in which the Emperor was held that his younger brother Pujie never heard his parents refer to Puyi as \"your elder brother\" but only as the Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Titled the Xuantong Emperor (Wade-Giles: Hsuan-tung Emperor),"}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Zaifeng was therefore a younger half-brother of the Guangxu Emperor and the first in line to succession after Guangxu."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He had the job of sweeping the streets, and got lost on his first day of work, which led him to tell astonished passers-by: \"I'm Puyi, the last Emperor of the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi first learned of Yuan's plans to become Emperor when he brought in army bands to serenade him whenever he had a meal, and he started on a decidedly imperial take on the presidency."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Puyi recalled of Johnston: \"I thought everything about him was first-rate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "text": "Puyi was the first Emperor of China.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "They are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement."}], "id": "dbnr0J2KB5BzkNo6TpvR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "They are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "Construction on the suspension towers started in mid-1872, and by the time work was halted for the winter in late 1872, parts of each tower had already been built."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "The granite blocks were quarried and shaped on Vinalhaven Island, Maine, under a contract with the Bodwell Granite Company, and delivered from Maine to New York by schooner."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "The first work entailed the construction of two caissons, upon which the suspension towers would be built."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "The limestone was quarried at the Clark Quarry in Essex County, New York."}, {"section_header": "Description | Towers", "text": "The bridge's two suspension towers are 278 feet (85 m) tall with a footprint of 140 by 59 feet (43 by 18 m) at the high water line."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The side spans, between each suspension tower and each side's suspension anchorages, are 930 feet (280 m) long."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "After the caissons were completed, piers were constructed on top of each of them upon which masonry towers would be built."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "Description | Deck | Suspension span", "text": "The main span between the two suspension towers is 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) long and 85 feet (26 m) wide."}], "text": "The bridge's suspension towers are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 11, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "The last person to be executed at the Tower was German spy Josef Jakobs who was shot on 15 August 1941."}], "id": "dd9jr3duAHeOkXOcJufj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "Before the 20th century, there had been seven executions within the castle on Tower Green; as was the case with Lady Jane Grey, this was reserved for prisoners for whom public execution was considered dangerous."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "Executions were usually carried out on Tower Hill rather than in the Tower of London itself, and 112 people were executed on the hill over 400 years."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "Other reported ghosts include Henry VI, Lady Jane Grey, Margaret Pole, and the Princes in the Tower."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "After Lady Jane Grey's execution on 12 February 1554, Queen Mary I imprisoned her sister Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth I, in the Tower under suspicion of causing rebellion as Sir Thomas Wyatt had led a revolt against Mary in Elizabeth's name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "The last person to be executed at the Tower was German spy Josef Jakobs who was shot on 15 August 1941."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "Among those held and executed at the Tower was Anne Boleyn."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "A 1974 Tower of London bombing in the White Tower Mortar Room left one person dead and 41 injured."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century."}], "text": "Lady Jane Grey was the final person executed within the Tower of London in 1554, although public executions continued on the Tower Green and Tower Hill for hundreds of years.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 11, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Technical grade H2SO4 is impure and often colored, but is suitable for making fertilizer."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Pure grades, such as United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade, are used for making pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs."}], "id": "dgQtx5jAmvzJJUIkXwVd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "They are now obsolete as commercial concentrations of sulfuric acid, although they may be prepared in the laboratory from concentrated sulfuric acid if needed."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is used for a variety of other purposes in the chemical industry."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Domestic uses", "text": "H2O Sulfuric acid at high concentrations is frequently the major ingredient in acidic drain cleaners which are used to remove grease, hair, tissue paper, etc."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial cleaning agent", "text": "This combustion process produces gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) which are then used to manufacture \"new\" sulfuric acid."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is also often used as a dehydrating or oxidising agent in industrial reactions, such as the dehydration of various sugars to form solid carbon."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Another important use for sulfuric acid is for the manufacture of aluminium sulfate, also known as paper maker's alum."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial cleaning agent", "text": "Used acid is often recycled using a spent acid regeneration (SAR) plant."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "In particular, \"10M\" sulfuric acid (the modern equivalent of chamber acid, used in many titrations) is prepared by slowly adding 98% sulfuric acid to an equal volume of water, with good stirring: the temperature of the mixture can rise to 80 \u00b0C (176 \u00b0F) or higher."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Technical grade H2SO4 is impure and often colored, but is suitable for making fertilizer."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Pure grades, such as United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade, are used for making pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs."}], "text": "Sulfuric acid is mostly used now as a food preservative.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "As there was no standing army before 1661, the importance of the royal armoury at the Tower of London was that it provided a professional basis for procuring supplies and equipment in times of war."}], "id": "dmIoCcRkImIP99jxFNRx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "The importance of the city and its Tower is marked by the speed at which he secured London."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | White Tower", "text": "The entrance floor was probably intended for the use of the Constable of the Tower, Lieutenant of the Tower of London and other important officials."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "For he [William] realised that it was of the first importance to overawe the Londoners\"."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "He founded several castles along the way, but took a circuitous route toward London; only when he reached Canterbury did he turn towards England's largest city."}, {"section_header": "Later Medieval Period", "text": "In the 15th century, there was little building work at the Tower of London, yet the castle still remained important as a place of refuge."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "The 18th century marked an increasing interest in England's medieval past."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "In 1988, the Tower of London was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, in recognition of its global importance and to help conserve and protect the site."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "As there was no standing army before 1661, the importance of the royal armoury at the Tower of London was that it provided a professional basis for procuring supplies and equipment in times of war."}, {"section_header": "Later Medieval Period", "text": "The reign of Henry V (1413\u20131422) renewed England's fortune in the Hundred Years' War against France."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "As the Tower was considered an impregnable fortress in a strategically important position, possession was highly valued."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history."}], "text": "The Tower of London  is an indiscernible importance in England's antiquity.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is famous for being the youngest pitcher to join the 300 win club."}], "id": "dmcXP7aUk8GWqkFRj3sn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Augustus \"Kid\" Nichols (September 14, 1869 \u2013 April 11, 1953) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is famous for being the youngest pitcher to join the 300 win club."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was dealt to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1904 and subsequently played for the Philadelphia Phillies, with whom he finished his career in 1906."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols signed with the Boston Beaneaters in September 1889 and entered the major leagues in with them in 1890."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After a two-year hiatus from the major leagues, Nichols returned to the 20-win plateau for the 11th and final time in his career in 1904 for a new team, the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "The Philadelphia Phillies picked him up off waivers in 1905, and he finished his career with them in 1906, playing his final game on May 18, 1906."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He was the youngest pitcher to win 300 games, reaching that milestone at the age of 30."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nichols played minor league baseball for three teams until 1889, when he signed with the Boston Beaneaters."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols also had a major league record"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Baseball-Reference.com calculates that Nichols led the team in wins above replacement in 1890 and 1892 through 1898.Nichols"}], "text": "Kid Nichols was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906, and is famous for being the oldest pitcher to join the 300 win club.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kid Nichols"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal family on their Sandringham estate."}], "id": "dp0tb2I5G270XM0ePIVL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Diana's granddaughter, Charlotte Elizabeth Diana (born 2015), and her niece, Charlotte Diana (born 2012), are named after her."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "In December 1992, Prime Minister John Major announced the couple's \"amicable separation\" to the House of Commons."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "A second son, Prince Harry, was born on 15 September 1984."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "Harry was born two years before Hewitt and Diana began their affair."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal family on their Sandringham estate."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born."}, {"section_header": "Ancestry", "text": "Diana was born into the British Spencer family, different branches of which hold the titles of Duke of Marlborough, Earl Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, and Baron Churchill."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 \u2013 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "Introducing the Second Reading of the Landmines Bill 1998 to the British House of Commons, the Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, paid tribute to Diana's work on landmines:All Honourable Members will be aware from their postbags of the immense contribution made by Diana, Princess of Wales to bringing home to many of our constituents the human costs of landmines."}], "text": "Lady Di was born a commoner.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter was known for his hustle, especially for running hard to first base on walks, a habit later imitated by Pete Rose and David Eckstein."}], "id": "dtpULNmpxp8NOF9kHvig", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Minor leagues", "text": "When Slaughter was a minor leaguer in Columbus, Georgia, he went running towards the dugout from his position in the outfield, slowed down near the infield, and began walking the rest of the way."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter was known for his hustle, especially for running hard to first base on walks, a habit later imitated by Pete Rose and David Eckstein."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "The hit was ruled a double, though most observers felt it should have been ruled a single, as only the throw home allowed Walker to advance to second base."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "In the decisive seventh game of that series, Slaughter, running with the pitch, made a famous \"Mad Dash\" for home from first base on Harry Walker's hit in the eighth inning, scoring the winning run after a delayed relay throw by the Red Sox' Johnny Pesky."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter coached baseball for Duke University from 1971 to 1977.Enos Slaughter is a cousin of Henry Slaughter, southern gospel musician."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB career and death", "text": "Slaughter retired from major league baseball in 1959."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter batted left-handed and threw right-handed."}, {"section_header": "Career | Minor leagues", "text": "During the remainder of his major-league career, Slaughter ran everywhere"}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}], "text": "Slaughter was notorious for his slow jog on 1st base walks.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}], "id": "dtzLkznVWllXCRZDlTld", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942\u20131943."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "\"Some of the characters in the film use the names of real people who were involved in the Burma Railway."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "During its construction, approximately 13,000 prisoners of war died and were buried along the railway."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The commandant, Colonel Saito, informs them that all prisoners, regardless of rank, are to work on the construction of a railway bridge over the River Kwai that will help connect Bangkok and Rangoon."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Slant stated that \"the 1957 epic subtly develops its themes about the irrationality of honor and the hypocrisy of Britain's class system without ever compromising its thrilling war narrative\", and in comparing to other films of the time said that Bridge on the River Kwai \"carefully builds its psychological tension until it erupts in a blinding flash of sulfur and flame."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "According to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission:  The notorious Burma-Siam railway, built by Commonwealth, Dutch and American prisoners of war, was a Japanese project driven by the need for improved communications to support the large Japanese army in Burma."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Ernest Gordon, a survivor of the railway construction and POW camps described in the novel/film, stated in a 1962 book, Through the Valley of the Kwai: \"In Pierre Boulle's book The Bridge over the River Kwai and the film which was based on it, the impression was given that British officers not only took part in building the bridge willingly, but finished in record time to demonstrate to the enemy their superior efficiency."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as \"Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."}], "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film that uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the player whom Babe Ruth succeeded as the all-time home run champion."}], "id": "e1O3RdwO3uQhzoKqgvei", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "On September 11, 1886, Connor hit a ball completely out of the Polo Grounds, a very difficult park in which to hit home runs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Connor hit 138 home runs during his 18-year career, and his career home run record stood for 23 years after his retirement in 1897."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "In 123 games, Connor registered 169 hits, a .349 batting average, 14 home runs,"}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "His grand slam came with two outs and his team down three runs in the bottom of the ninth inning, a situation known today as a walk-off home run."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "He returned to the Giants in 1893, raising his average to .322 and hitting 11 home runs."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1878 he would transfer to the minor league Holyoke Shamrocks, where he became known for hitting home runs across the field into the Connecticut River."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "His home run total led the league and it represented the only major league single-season home run title that he won."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "While a major league player, Connor was regularly among the league leaders in batting average and home runs."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "Connor worked as a school inspector in Waterbury until 1920."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the player whom Babe Ruth succeeded as the all-time home run champion."}], "text": "Roger Connor had hit the most amount of home runs until the Great Bambino out did him.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The Buddhist tradition regards Lumbini, in present-day Nepal to be the birthplace of the Buddha."}], "id": "e3ctU8XZ8FjJcEFRxLlZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Buddha's Birthday is called Buddha Purnima in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India as he is believed to have been born on a full moon day."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "This and the evidence of the early texts suggests that he was born into the Shakya clan, a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Legend has it that, on the night Siddhartha was conceived, Queen Maya dreamt that a white elephant with six white tusks entered her right side, and ten months later Siddhartha was born."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "Legend has it that, on the night Gotama was conceived, Queen M\u0101y\u0101 dreamt that a white elephant with six white tusks entered her right side, and ten months later Siddhartha (P\u0101li: Siddhattha, meaning \"he who achieves his aim\") Gautama was born."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The Buddhist tradition regards Lumbini, in present-day Nepal to be the birthplace of the Buddha."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha was born in Myanmar.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Business and ventures", "text": "Parkwood Entertainment is named after a street in Houston, Texas where Beyonc\u00e9 once lived."}], "id": "eH6WqJj90CCDIlgunQqZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Tours and residencies", "text": "Dangerously in Love Tour (2003) The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience (2007) I Am... World Tour (2009\u20132010) The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (2013\u20132014) The Formation World Tour (2016)Co-headlining tours  Verizon Ladies First Tour (with Alicia Keys and Missy Elliott) (2004) On the Run Tour (with Jay-Z) (2014) On the Run II Tour (with Jay-Z) (2018)Concert residencies"}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Fashion lines", "text": "She now owns the brand herself."}, {"section_header": "Tours and residencies", "text": "Dangerously in Love (2003) B'Day (2006) I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008) 4 (2011) Beyonc\u00e9 (2013) Lemonade (2016) Headlining tours"}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Fashion lines", "text": "The brand's name is a nod to Beyonc\u00e9's daughter Blue Ivy and her favourite number four (IV in roman numerals), and also references the park where she used to run in Texas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She occupied the sixth place for Time's Person of the Year in 2016, and in 2020, was named one of the 100 women who defined the last century by the same publication."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures", "text": "In 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 founded her own entertainment company Parkwood Entertainment which formed as an imprint based from Columbia Records, the company began as a production unit for videos and films in 2008."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Fashion lines", "text": "Shares for the company rose 1.3% upon the news release."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", the group's first number-one single, \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" and \"Say My Name\", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. \" Say My Name\" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Endorsements", "text": "The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures", "text": "Parkwood Entertainment is named after a street in Houston, Texas where Beyonc\u00e9 once lived."}], "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 owns a company that she named after a road she used to reside on.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": ", Lal was derived from Hindustani language meaning \"Red\" and Qal\u00e0h derived from Persian word meaning \"Fortress\"."}], "id": "eIzDSZVRjGz3OvtR4eoQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major structures | Naubat Khana", "text": "The Indian War Memorial Museum is located on the second floor."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": ", Lal was derived from Hindustani language meaning \"Red\" and Qal\u00e0h derived from Persian word meaning \"Fortress\"."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Delhi Gate", "text": "The Delhi Gate is the southern public entrance and is similar in layout and appearance to the Lahori Gate."}, {"section_header": "Major structures", "text": "The most important surviving structures are the walls and ramparts, the main gates, the audience halls and the imperial apartments on the eastern riverbank."}, {"section_header": "History | Today", "text": "There is also a museum of \"blood paintings\", depicting young 20th-century Indian martyrs and their stories, an archaeological museum and an Indian war-memorial museum."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "For example, the Koh-i-Noor diamond, the jade wine cup of Shah Jahan and the crown of Bahadur Shah II are all currently located in London."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "While the defensive walls and towers were relatively unharmed, more than two-thirds of the inner structures were destroyed by the British."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Chhatta Chowk", "text": "The southern end of the street is the Delhi Gate."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The fort's defensive walls were largely spared, and the fortress was subsequently used as a garrison."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats surrounding most of the walls."}], "text": "The moniker for the structure located in Delhi comes from Sanskrit words for blood and wall.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Red Fort"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a relative of  U.S. Civil War General Robert E. Lee, and a member of the Lee Family of Virginia, while his father was a descendant of settler Mareen Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "His second wife was Gail Youngs, to whom he was married from 1982 to 1986."}], "id": "eLsaFKVntHqpSbf8f6f4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He portrayed General Robert E. Lee in Gods and Generals in 2003."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His mother was a relative of  U.S. Civil War General Robert E. Lee, and a member of the Lee Family of Virginia, while his father was a descendant of settler Mareen Duvall."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The couple were married from 1964 until 1975."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2001, Pedraza and Duvall founded the Robert Duvall Children's Fund to assist families in Northern Argentina through renovations of homes, schools, and medical facilities."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "His second wife was Gail Youngs, to whom he was married from 1982 to 1986."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "In 2014, he starred in The Judge alongside Robert Downey Jr.."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robert Selden Duvall (; born January 5, 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spans more than six decades."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "His third marriage was to Sharon Brophy, a dancer, from 1991 to 1995.In 2005, Duvall married his fourth wife, Luciana Pedraza, granddaughter of Argentine aviation pioneer Susana Ferrari Billinghurst."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Foote, who collaborated with Duvall many more times over the course of their careers, said he believed Duvall had a particular love of common people and ability to infuse fascinating revelations into his roles."}], "text": "Robert Duvall is related to General R Grant and has been married several times.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "As Good as It Gets was a box office hit, opening at number three at the box office (behind Titanic and Tomorrow Never Dies) with $12.6 million, and eventually earning over $148 million domestically and $314 million worldwide."}], "id": "eMIgAtrXaBXEibWix3XN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is ranked 140th on Empire magazine's \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" list."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "As Good as It Gets was a box office hit, opening at number three at the box office (behind Titanic and Tomorrow Never Dies) with $12.6 million, and eventually earning over $148 million domestically and $314 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks, who co-wrote it with Mark Andrus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholson and Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively, making As Good as It Gets the most recent film to win both of the lead acting awards, and the first since 1991's The Silence of the Lambs."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "It is Jack Nicholson's second highest earning film, behind Batman."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "While Roger Ebert gave the film three stars (out of four), he called the film a \"compromise, a film that forces a smile onto material that doesn't wear one easily,\" writing that the film drew \"back to story formulas,\" but had good dialogue and performances."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Owen Wilson served as associate producer, one of his first jobs in Hollywood."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One day, Simon Bishop, a homosexual artist who is Melvin's apartment neighbor, is assaulted and nearly killed during a robbery."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "The Washington Post critic Desson Howe gave a generally negative review of the film, writing that it \"gets bogged down in sentimentality, while its wheels spin futilely in life-solving overdrive."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Chicago Reader film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum wrote that what director James Brooks \"manages to do with [the characters] as they struggle mightily to connect with one another is funny, painful, beautiful, and basically truthful\u2014a triumph for everyone involved."}], "text": "As Good as It Gets earned $314 million worldwide and is ranked 140th on Empire magazine's \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" list.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "As Good as It Gets"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "id": "eMQGCaZmiUhocgekBXvR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "I\u2013XVI [1-16]", "text": "Pound had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "This situation has been further complicated by the addition of more fragments in editions of the complete poem published after the poet's death."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Despite all the controversy surrounding both poem and poet, The Cantos has been influential in the development of English-language long poems since the appearance of the early sections in the 1920s."}, {"section_header": "XCVI\u2013CIX [96-109] (Thrones)", "text": "This canto introduces the figure of St. Anselm of Canterbury, who is to feature over the rest of this section of the long poem."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "and his long poem Mountains and Rivers Without End (1965\u20131996) reflects his reading of The Cantos in many of the formal devices used."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Amongst poets of Pound's own generation, both H.D. and William Carlos Williams wrote long poems that show this influence."}, {"section_header": "LXXII\u2013LXXIII [72-73] (The Italian Cantos)", "text": "Written between 1944 and 1945.These two cantos, written in Italian, were not collected until their posthumous inclusion in the 1987 revision of the complete text of the poem."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Canto CXVI was the last canto completed by Pound."}, {"section_header": "LII\u2013LXI [52-61] (The China Cantos)", "text": "The work was completed in 1730 but not published until 1777\u20131783."}], "text": "The Cantos is a long not completed poem.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) have equal magnitude but opposite sign."}], "id": "eMydtlRJknD2uKxRpXRy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) have equal magnitude but opposite sign."}, {"section_header": "Interacting quarks", "text": "This causes asymptotic freedom: as quarks come closer to each other, the chromodynamic binding force between them weakens."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Accelerator experiments have provided evidence for all six flavors."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Strong interaction and color charge", "text": "Every quark flavor f, each with subtypes fB"}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "Elementary fermions are grouped into three generations, each comprising two leptons and two quarks."}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "See the table of properties below for a more complete overview of the six quark flavors' properties."}, {"section_header": "Properties | Weak interaction", "text": "While the process of flavor transformation is the same for all quarks, each quark has a preference to transform into the quark of its own generation."}, {"section_header": "Classification", "text": "Having electric charge, mass, color charge, and flavor, quarks are the only known elementary particles that engage in all four fundamental interactions of contemporary physics: electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction."}], "text": "Quarks, a type of elementary particle, come in six flavors and for each there is an antiparticle.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Quark"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As the crew read letters from home, Lance activates a smoke grenade while under the influence of LSD, attracting the attention of an unseen enemy, and Mr. Clean is killed."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Sam Bottoms as Gunner's mate 3rd Class Lance B. Johnson, a former professional surfer from Orange County, California."}], "id": "eOUzcCyE5pB1TFv5W1CV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Willard then leads Lance to the boat and they sail away."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Willard, initially ambivalent, joins a U.S. Navy river patrol boat (PBR) commanded by Chief Petty Officer \"Chief\" Phillips, with crewmen Lance, \"Chef\", and \"Mr. Clean\" to quietly navigate up the N\u00f9ng River to Kurtz's outpost."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "In April 2019, Coppola showed Apocalypse Now Final Cut for the 40th anniversary screening at the Tribeca Film Festival."}, {"section_header": "Adaptation", "text": "\"Exterminate all the brutes!\" (which appears in the film as \"Drop the bomb."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Willard returns to the moored PBR to leave Chef with the boat, ordering him to call in a pre-arranged airstrike on the outpost if Willard and Lance do not return."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As the crew read letters from home, Lance activates a smoke grenade while under the influence of LSD, attracting the attention of an unseen enemy, and Mr. Clean is killed."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "He envisioned the film as a definitive statement on the nature of modern war, the difference between good and evil, and the impact of American society on the rest of the world."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "A deleted scene titled \"Monkey Sampan\" shows Willard and the PBR crew suspiciously eyeing an approaching sampan juxtaposed to Montagnard villagers joyfully singing \"Light"}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "Finally, just as the two boats pass, the wind turns the sail and exposes a naked dead Viet Cong (VC) nailed to the sail boom."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Sam Bottoms as Gunner's mate 3rd Class Lance B. Johnson, a former professional surfer from Orange County, California."}], "text": "The film Apocalypse Now, Lance drops acid while the rest of the patrol boat crew is busy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "id": "eUxGc2NmAdHW3hasYwhN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The English volume, published simultaneously with the American one, was titled The Open Boat and Other Stories and published by William Heinemann."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is divided into seven sections, each told mainly from the point of view of the correspondent, based upon Crane himself."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Crane completed the story that would become \"The Open Boat\" a few weeks later, in mid-February."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in Scribner's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "A second and lesser story, \"Flanagan and His Short Filibustering Adventure\", based upon the same shipwreck but told from the point of view of the captain, was published in McClure's Magazine in October 1897."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Also noting the depressing Realism utilized in the story, editor Vincent Starrett stated: \"It is a desolate picture, and the tale is one of our greatest short stories.\" Another of the author's friends, H. G. Wells, wrote that \"The Open Boat\" was \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work.\" Singling out Crane's usage of color and chiaroscuro in his writing, Wells continued: \"It has all the stark power of the earlier stories, with a new element of restraint; the color is as full and strong as ever, fuller and stronger, indeed; but those chromatic splashes that at times deafen and confuse in The Red Badge, those images that astonish rather than enlighten, are disciplined and controlled.\" The story remains popular with critics; Thomas Kent referred to \"The Open Boat\" as Crane's \"magnum opus\", while Crane biographer Stanley Wertheim called it \"Crane's finest short story and one of the masterworks of late nineteenth-century American literature\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "text": "The Open Boat is based on a true story.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The tribe was compelled to sell their remaining land west of the Mississippi in a treaty held in Chicago in September 1833."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war gave impetus to the U.S. policy of Indian removal, in which Native American tribes were pressured to sell their lands and move west of the Mississippi River to reside."}], "id": "eVD1b1uTCPZWzIUKvFYS", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The Black Hawk War marked the end of Native armed resistance to U.S. expansion in the Old Northwest"}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Black Hawk's imprisonment and legacy", "text": "By war's end, Black Hawk and nineteen other leaders of the British Band were incarcerated at Jefferson Barracks."}, {"section_header": "Initial diplomacy", "text": "By some accounts, he was ready to negotiate with Atkinson to end the crisis, but an ill-fated encounter with Illinois militiamen would end all possibility of a peaceful resolution."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The two tribes had become closely connected after having been displaced from the Great Lakes region in conflicts with New France and other Native American tribes, particularly after the so-called Fox Wars ended in the 1730s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war gave impetus to the U.S. policy of Indian removal, in which Native American tribes were pressured to sell their lands and move west of the Mississippi River to reside."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The war provided an opportunity for American officials such as Andrew Jackson, Lewis Cass, and John Reynolds to compel Native American tribes to sell their lands east of the Mississippi River and move to the West, a policy known as Indian removal."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Most accounts of the Black Hawk War focus on the conflict between Black Hawk and the United States, but historian John Hall argues that this overlooks the perspective of many Native American participants."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Tribes along the Upper Mississippi had long fought for control of diminishing hunting grounds, and the Black Hawk War provided an opportunity for some Natives to resume a war that had nothing to do with Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The tribe was compelled to sell their remaining land west of the Mississippi in a treaty held in Chicago in September 1833."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War ended badly for the Native Americans and ended with them forced to sell their lands.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}], "id": "ecJMydGpAMur7k6DWTZg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Massenet wrote more than thirty operas."}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "Grove comments that Massenet's songs, though pleasing and impeccable in craftsmanship, are less inventive than those of Bizet and less distinctive than those of Duparc and Faur\u00e9."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Shaw was not among them: in 1885 he wrote of Manon: Of Wagnerism there is not the faintest suggestion."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "In Macdonald's view of the comic works, Cendrillon and Don Quichotte succeed, but Don C\u00e9sar de Bazan and Panurge are less satisfying than \"the more delicately tuned operas such as Manon, Le portrait de Manon and Le jongleur de Notre-Dame, where comedy serves a more complex purpose."}, {"section_header": "Reputation", "text": "In France, Massenet's 20th-century eclipse was less complete than elsewhere, but his oeuvre has been revalued in recent years."}, {"section_header": "Music | Orchestral and chamber music", "text": "He wrote, in the early 1870s, \"What I have to say, musically"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years, 1896\u20131912", "text": "Even with his creative powers seemingly in decline he wrote four other operas in his later years \u2013 Bacchus, Roma, Panurge and Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians lists forty Massenet operas in all, of which nine are shown as lost or destroyed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "For her, the composer revised Manon and wrote Esclarmonde (1889)."}], "text": "Massenet wrote less than 10 operas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "It had been rejected by many publishers before Charles Monteith at London based publisher Faber & Faber picked up the manuscript."}], "id": "edg4phLYmWa59X5kDQhy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Other reviews described it as \u201cnot only a first-rate adventure but a parable of our times\u201d."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Literature", "text": "Author Stephen King uses the name Castle Rock, from the mountain fort in Lord of the Flies, as a fictional town that has appeared in a number of his novels."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "but Piggy realises the need to organise (\"put first things first and act proper\")."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "It had been rejected by many publishers before Charles Monteith at London based publisher Faber & Faber picked up the manuscript."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Time also included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Time also included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The boys subsequently enjoy their first feast."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies was loved from the first time its author presented it to a publisher.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "id": "ekRGEPXQjNvWFUe7AB1y", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "I\u2013XVI [1-16]", "text": "Pound had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a book-length work, widely considered to be an intense and challenging read."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "and his long poem Mountains and Rivers Without End (1965\u20131996) reflects his reading of The Cantos in many of the formal devices used."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "This situation has been further complicated by the addition of more fragments in editions of the complete poem published after the poet's death."}, {"section_header": "XCVI\u2013CIX [96-109] (Thrones)", "text": "This canto introduces the figure of St. Anselm of Canterbury, who is to feature over the rest of this section of the long poem."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Despite all the controversy surrounding both poem and poet, The Cantos has been influential in the development of English-language long poems since the appearance of the early sections in the 1920s."}, {"section_header": "Background | Controversy", "text": "\" This is complicated by the fact that The Cantos themselves contain very little evidence of Pound's otherwise blatant antisemitism: in a close study of the poem, Wendy Stallard Flory concluded that it contained only seven passages of antisemitic sentiment in the 803 pages she read."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Canto CXVI was the last canto completed by Pound."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Again, this section of the poem closes with an image of the moon."}], "text": "The Cantos is a very long complete poem with 117 sections and is considered to be a easy and fun read.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 1981 audio engineer James Guthrie won the Grammy Award for \"Best Engineered Non-Classical Album\" for The Wall, and Roger Waters won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for \"Best Original Song Written for a Film\" in 1983 for \"Another Brick in the Wall\" from The Wall film."}], "id": "emzWr0U0se1xfE5ssgxo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"Pink Floyd have won several awards."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "The Wall was supported by Pink Floyd's first single since \"Money\", \"Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)\", which topped the charts in the US and the UK."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "dollars).The Wall was adapted into a film, Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 1981 audio engineer James Guthrie won the Grammy Award for \"Best Engineered Non-Classical Album\" for The Wall, and Roger Waters won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for \"Best Original Song Written for a Film\" in 1983 for \"Another Brick in the Wall\" from The Wall film."}, {"section_header": "History | 1985\u20131994: Gilmour-led era | A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987)", "text": "The parties reached a legal agreement on 23 December; Mason and Gilmour retained the right to use the Pink Floyd name in perpetuity and Waters received exclusive rights to, among other things, The Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "Screened at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1982, Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall premi\u00e8red in the UK in July 1982."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Signing with EMI", "text": "Three days later, Pink Floyd signed with EMI, receiving a \u00a35,000 advance (equivalent to \u00a391,400 in 2019)."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "The cover, with a stark brick wall and band name, was the first Pink Floyd album cover since The Piper at the Gates of Dawn not designed by Hipgnosis."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 2008, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden presented Pink Floyd with the Polar Music Prize for their contribution to modern music; Waters and Mason attended the ceremony and accepted the award."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "Eventually won over by the prospect of participation in a significant film and receiving a large payment for his work, Geldof agreed."}], "text": "Pink Floyd received an award for their hit single, The Wall.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Pink Floyd"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "However, the pilot was not picked up as a running series."}], "id": "enxhH6LDl9eHaOHWBX24", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "L.A. Confidential received many positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "However, the pilot was not picked up as a running series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2003, a television pilot of L.A. Confidential was aired."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In May 2018, it was announced that the pilot would not be moving forward."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Ellroy dedicated L.A. Confidential \"to Mary Doherty Ellroy\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to the scandal magazine Confidential, which is fictionalized as Hush-Hush."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2018, CBS ordered a new pilot based on the novel."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "The pilot is a special feature on the two-disc DVD and the Blu-ray releases of the film."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "The pilot  will star Walton Goggins as Vincennes, Mark Webber as White, Brian J. Smith as Exley, Sarah Jones as Lynn, Alana Arenas as June, and Shea Whigham as Dick Stensland."}], "text": "L.A. Confidential received many positive reviews after the pilot was picked up as a running series.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "L.A. Confidential"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a book-length work, widely considered to be an intense and challenging read."}], "id": "epCcPFRRTHvn8t7iLTwR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "LXXIV\u2013LXXXIV [74-84] (The Pisan Cantos)", "text": "However, The Pisan Cantos is generally the most admired and read section of the work."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is a book-length work, widely considered to be an intense and challenging read."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "The Cantos can appear on first reading to be chaotic or structureless because it lacks plot or a definite ending."}, {"section_header": "LXXIV\u2013LXXXIV [74-84] (The Pisan Cantos)", "text": "This is followed by a passage that draws on Pound's London memories and his reading of  the Pocket Book of Verse."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Snyder's interest in things Chinese and Japanese stemmed from his early reading of Pound's writings."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "and his long poem Mountains and Rivers Without End (1965\u20131996) reflects his reading of The Cantos in many of the formal devices used."}, {"section_header": "XVII\u2013XXX [17-30]", "text": "There follows another exemplum, this time of the linguistic scholarship that enables us to read these old poetries and the specific attention to words this study requires."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "The overall effect for the English-speaking reader is one of unreadability, and the canto is hard to elucidate unless read alongside a copy of Couvreur's text."}, {"section_header": "XCVI\u2013CIX [96-109] (Thrones)", "text": "perdendo me, rimarreste smarriti.\u2014which read, in the translation by Charles Eliot Norton, \"O ye, who are in a little bark, desirous to listen, following behind my craft"}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "may be continued in another and may never be completed at all; and as for a theme to be realized, they seem to have only, like Mauberley, the general sense of continuity \u2014 not unity \u2014 which may arise in the mind when read seriatim."}], "text": "The Cantos is an ardent and demanding read.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second-largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth-largest country by area on the European continent."}], "id": "ernkEseV57Kthp3Mfb82", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Spain is the second biggest foreign investor there, after the United States."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "Spain is a transcontinental country, having territory in both Europe and Africa."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second-largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth-largest country by area on the European continent."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Spain is a Western country. Almost every aspect of Spanish life is permeated by its Roman heritage, making Spain one of the major Latin countries of Europe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With a population exceeding 47.3 million, Spain is the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the fourth-most populous country in the European Union."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Ecology", "text": "Spain is the country in Europe more exposed to climate change effects, according to Al Gore."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Automotive industry", "text": "In 2015 Spain was the 8th largest automobile producer country in the world and the 2nd largest car manufacturer in Europe after Germany."}, {"section_header": "History | Spanish Empire", "text": "The result was a country forced into ever expanding military efforts across Europe and in the Mediterranean."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Fashion", "text": "Zara is one of the biggest pr\u00eat-a-porter fashion companies in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Spain (Spanish: Espa\u00f1a, [es\u02c8pa\u0272a] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espa\u00f1a), is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean."}], "text": "Spain is the biggest country in Europe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Spain"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}], "id": "euVxLoXhwyuSWcQMcICU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In board games", "text": "Dirk Henn's game Der Palast von Alhambra, literally \"The Palace of the Alhambra\"."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The creation of the Sultan's Canal solidified the identity of the Alhambra as a palace-city rather than a defensive and ascetic structure."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Other features", "text": "The original furniture of the palace is represented by one of the famous Alhambra vases, very large Hispano-Moresque ware vases made in the Sultanate to stand in niches around the palace."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "After retreating to Granada, Ibn-Nasr took up residence at the Palace of Badis ben Habus in the Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "The Alhambra resembles many medieval Christian strongholds in its threefold arrangement as a castle, a palace and a residential annex for subordinates."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In film", "text": "Marcel L'Herbier's 1921 film El Dorado features many scenes shot in and around the Alhambra palace."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Other features", "text": "The palace and the Upper Alhambra also contain baths, rows of bedrooms and summer-rooms, a whispering gallery and labyrinth, and vaulted sepulchres."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "On the right is the palace of Charles V, a smaller Renaissance building, to construct which part of the Alhambra, including the original main entrance, was torn down."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In film", "text": "This was the first time permission had been granted for a feature film company to shoot inside the Alhambra palace and L'Herbier gave prominent place to its gardens, fountains and geometric architectural patterns, which became some of the film's most memorable images."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}], "text": "The Alhambra palace is in Europe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "For most of his life, Bizet had suffered from a recurrent throat complaint."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "Although the exact cause of death was never settled with certainty, physicians eventually determined the cause as \"a cardiac complication of acute articular rheumatism\"."}], "id": "ezQXM45aglJLdPtNoNXZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Late career | Djamileh, L'Arl\u00e9sienne and Don Rodrigue", "text": "Bizet was due to begin his duties in October, but on 1 November, the post was assumed by Hector Salomon."}, {"section_header": "Music | Dramatic works", "text": "As Bizet moved away from the accepted musical conventions of French opera, he encountered critical hostility."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "Although the exact cause of death was never settled with certainty, physicians eventually determined the cause as \"a cardiac complication of acute articular rheumatism\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Manuscripts were given away or lost, and published versions of his works were frequently revised and adapted by other hands."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After its premiere on 3 March 1875, Bizet was convinced that the work was a failure; he died of a heart attack three months later, unaware that it would prove a spectacular and enduring success."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "On the next day, 1 June, he was afflicted by high fever and pain, which was followed by an apparent heart attack."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Years of struggle", "text": "Problems over the casting and other issues delayed its premiere for a year before it was finally performed by the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Lyrique on 26 December 1867."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "Resolving these issues delayed the first night until 3 March 1875 on which morning, by chance, Bizet's appointment as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour was announced."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She showed little interest in her first husband's musical legacy, made no effort to catalogue Bizet's manuscripts and gave many away as souvenirs."}, {"section_header": "Music | Dramatic works", "text": "Among the opera's early champions were Tchaikovsky, Brahms, and particularly Wagner, who commented: \" Here, thank God, at last for a change is somebody with ideas in his head.\" Another champion of the work was Friedrich Nietzsche, who claimed to know it by heart; \"It is music that makes no pretensions to depth, but it is delightful in its simplicity, so unaffected and sincere\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "For most of his life, Bizet had suffered from a recurrent throat complaint."}], "text": "Bizet often had esophagus issues and passed away due to heart complications.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "A petition on Change.org started by fans requested the final season to be remade with different writers."}], "id": "f294HR8stoOLR9K57qo4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Merchandise and exhibition", "text": "Starting 2018, Diageo released several Game of Thrones themed whiskies."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "A petition on Change.org started by fans requested the final season to be remade with different writers."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon", "text": "This prequel, titled House of the Dragon, was picked up straight to series on October 29, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The themes may evolve over time, as Daenerys Targaryen's theme started small and then became more powerful after each season."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing | Adaptation schedule and episodes", "text": "The first two seasons adapted one novel each."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "Her theme started first with a single instrument, a cello, and Djawadi later incorporated more instruments for it."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on location", "text": "By 2019, 350,000 visitors came to Northern Ireland annually because of Game of Thrones, one sixth of all tourists."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "The only exceptions were Peter Dinklage and Sean Bean, whom the writers wanted from the start; they were announced as joining the pilot in 2009."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Jane Espenson co-wrote one first-season episode as a freelance writer."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Franich described seasons 3 and 4 as \"relentless\", seasons 6's ending having a \"killer one-two punch\", while seasons 7 and 8 were \"indifferent\"."}], "text": "Game of Thrones' next season will start on May 29, 2021.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "Her popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s."}], "id": "f4C9rclqMO93xkM57S6x", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "\"During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "At the end of the war in Europe, on Victory in Europe Day, Elizabeth and Margaret mingled anonymously with the celebratory crowds in the streets of London."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for several reasons, including fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd at a time when Britain was at war."}, {"section_header": "Public perception and character", "text": "Her popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "She stated: \"We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers, and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "Elizabeth later said in a rare interview, \"We asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "Lord Hailsham suggested that Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret should be evacuated to Canada to avoid the frequent aerial bombing."}, {"section_header": "Heir presumptive | Second World War", "text": "Princess Elizabeth went in 1947 on her first overseas tour, accompanying her parents through southern Africa."}], "text": "Queen Elizabeth II's least popular moment was after World War II.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Elizabeth II"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children."}], "id": "f5I55AtalOrWEAFpXv2V", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\", the latter more commonly known as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "In 1932, he joined the Dallas Sheriff's Department and eventually served as a member of the posse that killed Bonnie and Clyde."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "Georgie Fame's 1967 single \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\", Mel Torme's 1968 song \"A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde\", Merle Haggard's 1968 \"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\", and Die Toten Hosen's \"Bonnie & Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "In the television film Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story (1992), Tracey Needham played Bonnie and Dana Ashbrook played Clyde."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde) , Sam Strike portrays Clyde Barrow and Jacqueline Byers portrays Bonnie Parker."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "Her father Charles Robert Parker (1884\u20131914) was a bricklayer who died when Bonnie was four years old."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "1967 \"Bonnie and Clyde\", which conveys a highly romanticized account of the pair,"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "Emile Hirsch played Clyde and Holliday Grainger played Bonnie."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Clyde was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April 1930 at the age of 21."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas."}], "text": "Clyde was younger than Bonnie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bonnie and Clyde"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While construction started in 1870, numerous controversies and the novelty of the designed construction process caused the actual construction to be prolonged over thirteen years."}], "id": "f75O5kJoY1t5wPKpY5DU", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While construction started in 1870, numerous controversies and the novelty of the designed construction process caused the actual construction to be prolonged over thirteen years."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "The last stone on the Brooklyn tower was raised in June 1875 and the Manhattan tower was completed in July 1876."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Furthermore, in December 1870, its timber roof caught fire, delaying construction further."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "The Brooklyn side's caisson was built at the Webb & Bell shipyard in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, and was launched into the river on March 19, 1870."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "She spent the next 11 years helping supervise the bridge's construction, taking over much of the chief engineer's duties, including day-to-day supervision and project management."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "The towers' construction was a complex process that took four years."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Cables", "text": "The contract for the remaining wire was awarded to the John A. Roebling's Sons, and by October 5, 1878, the last of the main cables' wires went over the river."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Two years later, the Brooklyn Bridge trustees agreed to a plan where trolleys could run across the bridge under ten-year contracts."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "The towers were cleaned in 1958 and the Brooklyn anchorage was repaired the next year."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge's construction lasted 13 years beginning in 1870.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was enormously popular, earning receipts of $8 million in North America during its initial run, making it the highest-grossing movie of 1945 in the USA."}], "id": "fElRc3kErSyIIRVNLTQN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was enormously popular, earning receipts of $8 million in North America during its initial run, making it the highest-grossing movie of 1945 in the USA."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's has come to be associated with the Christmas season, probably because of the inclusion of a scene involving a Christmas pageant at the school, a major plot point involving an unlikely (yet prayed for) gift, and the film's having been released in December 1945."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Adjusted for inflation, it is considered the 57th highest-grossing film of all time."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}], "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's was the film of the year 1945 with the highest revenues in the United States.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}], "id": "fGoYopCFQ7OVWb9APn7h", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Consistories", "text": "During his pontificate, the pope created 34 cardinals in eight consistories; this included naming his nephew Filippo Boncompagni to the cardinalate in the pope's first consistory in 1572."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory's greatest success came in his patronage of colleges and seminaries which he founded on the Continent for the Irish and English, among others."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Cultural patronage", "text": "This measure enriched his treasury for a time, but alienated a great body of the nobility and gentry, revived old factions, and created new ones."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Canonizations and beatifications", "text": "The pope canonized four saints during his pontificate and in 1584 beatified his predecessor Pope Gregory VII."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "That was verified by the observations of Clavius, and the new calendar was instituted when Gregory decreed, by  the papal bull Inter gravissimas of 24 February 1582, that the day after Thursday, 4 October 1582 would be not Friday, 5 October, but Friday, 15 October 1582."}], "text": "The calendar Pope Gregory is famous for was created by other people who were not members of the clergy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In early 1922, Howard Roark is expelled from the architecture department of the Stanton Institute of Technology because he will not adhere to the school's preference for historical convention in building design."}], "id": "fKTXMyu7s3SyghqayQKk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Toohey sets out to destroy Roark through a smear campaign."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "In letters written at the time, Rand's reaction to the film was positive."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Individualism", "text": "Nor does it deal with world affairs, although it was written during World War II."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In early 1922, Howard Roark is expelled from the architecture department of the Stanton Institute of Technology because he will not adhere to the school's preference for historical convention in building design."}, {"section_header": "History | Background and development", "text": "In 1928, Rand made notes for a proposed, but never written, novel titled The Little Street."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception", "text": "In The New York Times, Lorine Pruette praised Rand as writing \"brilliantly, beautifully and bitterly\", stating that she had \"written a hymn in praise of the individual\" that would force readers to rethink basic ideas."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "The French magazine T\u00e9l\u00e9rama gave the Avignon production a negative review, calling the source material inferior and complaining about the use of video screens on the set, while another French magazine, La Terrasse, complimented the staging and acting of the Od\u00e9on production."}, {"section_header": "History | Background and development", "text": "Rand's work on The Fountainhead was repeatedly interrupted."}, {"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "She then used a thesaurus and found 'fountainhead' as a synonym."}, {"section_header": "History | Background and development", "text": "Rand's version contained elements she would use in The Fountainhead."}], "text": "The Fountainhead is set in 1922 but was written in 1953.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Fountainhead"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Jennings was the son of Irish immigrants, James and Nora, who according to Jack Smiles's biography of Jennings, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer (page 7), arrived in Pittston in 1851."}], "id": "fNjDQNYUR4zozgEgUaYd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "The \"Ee-Yah\" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie \"Ee-Yah\" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout \"Ee-Yah\" when Jennings appeared on the field. (See also Jack Smile,"}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings was also one of the best fielding shortstops of the era."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "Jennings practiced law in Baltimore and in Scranton, Pennsylvania."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Jennings was the son of Irish immigrants, James and Nora, who according to Jack Smiles's biography of Jennings, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer (page 7), arrived in Pittston in 1851."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "While Jennings was never the same after the injury to his arm in 1898, he contributed to Brooklyn's National League pennants in 1899 and 1900.In 1901, Jennings was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "After the 1899 season, Jennings was accepted to Cornell Law School."}, {"section_header": "New York Giants: 1921\u20131925", "text": "McGraw and Jennings staged a reunion year after year on their birthdays."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings had roots from Ireland.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was said to have been proud of two things: his Hall of Fame selection and the fact that he had never been replaced in a game by a relief pitcher."}], "id": "fQTbM5n9HW9lcyy10fZY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Augustus \"Kid\" Nichols (September 14, 1869 \u2013 April 11, 1953) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "His 5067\u200b1\u20443 innings pitched ranks 11th all-time."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "The Philadelphia Phillies picked him up off waivers in 1905, and he finished his career with them in 1906, playing his final game on May 18, 1906."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Doctors ordered tests, but Nichols would not submit to them until after the seventh game of the World Series ended."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He was the youngest pitcher to win 300 games, reaching that milestone at the age of 30."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He left the Beaneaters to manage and pitch for the Kansas City club, where he won a total of 48 games in 1902 and 1903."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He was said to have been proud of two things: his Hall of Fame selection and the fact that he had never been replaced in a game by a relief pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols also had a major league record"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "After a two-year hiatus from the major leagues, Nichols returned to the 20-win plateau for the 11th and final time in his career in 1904 for a new team, the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "Nichols signed with the Boston Beaneaters in September 1889 and entered the major leagues in with them in 1890."}], "text": "Kid Nichols was only taken out of an MLB game once in his career.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Kid Nichols"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}], "id": "fZAxlsTbo3CRWz3QMiyv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [\u02c8torre di \u02c8pi\u02d0za, - \u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation."}, {"section_header": "Architect", "text": "There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Guinness World Records measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the \"World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower\"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side."}, {"section_header": "History following construction", "text": "It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa."}, {"section_header": "Surviving earthquakes", "text": "The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion."}, {"section_header": "Guinness World Records", "text": "Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen."}], "text": "The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the single most tilted non-collapsed tower of its height.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leaning Tower of Pisa"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Puyi delighted in humiliating his eunuchs, at one point saying that as the \"Lord of Ten Thousand Years\" it was his right to order a eunuch to eat dirt: \"'"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "He could only be deferentially advised against ill-treating innocent eunuchs, and if he chose to fire air-gun pellets at them, that was his prerogative."}], "id": "fgZ8Qry1trOqyFiKeeFr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He lived in a sanatorium, then later in Khabarovsk near the Chinese border, where he was treated well and allowed to keep some of his servants."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "As a prisoner in a spa in Khabarovsk, Puyi spent his days praying to the Buddha, expected the prisoners to treat him as an emperor and slapped the faces of his servants when they displeased him."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Puyi's brother-in-law Rong Qi and some of his servants were not considered high value, and were sent to work as slaves in a brutal Siberian labor camp, where they were starved and were worked very hard."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Television", "text": "no \u014chi \u2013 Saigo no K\u014dtei (\u6d41\u8ee2\u306e\u738b\u5983\u00b7\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u7687\u5f1f; Chinese title \u6d41\u8f49\u7684\u738b\u5983), a 2003 Japanese television series about Pujie and Hiro Saga."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "At one point, when Puyi said \"I have not finished my answer yet\", Webb replied, \"Well, don't finish it\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "In 1946, Puyi testified at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo, detailing his resentment at how he had been treated by the Japanese."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi and the imperial court were allowed to remain in the northern half of the Forbidden City (the Private Apartments) as well as in the Summer Palace."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Most of the servants and all of the cooks at the Salt Tax Palace had already fled, forcing Puyi to eat biscuits as his remaining servants hastily packed up all of the Qing treasures at the Salt Tax Palace."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "noted he was also very fond of sodomizing them."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "He could only be deferentially advised against ill-treating innocent eunuchs, and if he chose to fire air-gun pellets at them, that was his prerogative."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Puyi delighted in humiliating his eunuchs, at one point saying that as the \"Lord of Ten Thousand Years\" it was his right to order a eunuch to eat dirt: \"'"}], "text": "Puyi treated his servants very well.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}], "id": "fheXRvAMEFnIqTmyefmu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "The Matrix become a \"real group\", Perry recorded with them."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "In September 2004, Blender named Perry \"The Next Big Thing\"."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry names Bj\u00f6rk as an influence, particularly admiring her \"willingness to always be taking chances\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "In March 2015, she appeared in Brand: A Second Coming, a documentary following her ex-husband Russell Brand's transition from comedy work to activism, and released a concert film titled Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour through Epix, which took place during her tour of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "In February 2017, the singer launched a shoe line titled \"Katy Perry Collections\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "Her shoes are available on her website, Katy Perry Collections, and at retailers such as Dillard's and Walmart."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare."}], "text": "Katy real last name is not Perry.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father founded State Savings Bank of Scottville, Michigan, in 1882 as well as twenty other small banks in that state."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "After his discharge from military service, MacPhail opened a law office in Columbus, Ohio, where he eventually purchased an interest in the Columbus Red Birds, a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals."}], "id": "fnbvbP4WDmyMFdaIO2yO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He worked for a time with a Chicago law firm."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail"}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "After his discharge from military service, MacPhail opened a law office in Columbus, Ohio, where he eventually purchased an interest in the Columbus Red Birds, a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Since 1966, Minor League Baseball has annually awarded the Larry MacPhail Award to recognize the top promotional effort by a minor league team."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was pivotal in the development of pioneering sportscaster Red Barber, who announced Reds and Dodgers games for MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was planning to board the same train at that stop."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "MacPhail was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "MacPhail was born in Cass City, Michigan, on February 3, 1890."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "His father founded State Savings Bank of Scottville, Michigan, in 1882 as well as twenty other small banks in that state."}], "text": "Larry MacPhail started a legal firm in Houston, Texas after he was discharged from the armed forces", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}], "id": "fsFBr1Yl2ztsgHQiw0MB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, \"... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."}], "text": "In the film A Bell for Adano, the removal of the bell occurs before the Americans get there.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}], "id": "fuOKrPtvyf0pSt6Bd8tB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "It is dedicated to Paul Vidal, and had its first performance in January 1896, under the direction of the dedicatee."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "Although it won considerable praise, its success was overshadowed by the Paris premiere of Richard Strauss's  sensational  opera Salome at much the same time."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "The manuscript of the latter was rediscovered in the 1990s and the work was performed for the first time in 1995.Dukas won several prizes, including the second place in the Conservatoire's most prestigious award, the Prix de Rome, for his cantata Vell\u00e9da in 1888."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "La P\u00e9ri was written for the Russian-French dancer Natalia Trouhanova, who starred in the first performance at the Ch\u00e2telet in 1912."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "They had one child, a daughter Adrienne-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, born in December 1919."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "Dukas died in Paris in 1935, aged 69."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "The opera has often been compared to Debussy's Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande which was first performed while Dukas was writing Ariane et Barbe-bleue."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "When Charles-Marie Widor retired as professor of composition at the Paris Conservatoire in 1927, Dukas was appointed in his place."}], "text": "Paul Dukas was a French baseball player who won the first ever triple crown and was born in Paris.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}], "id": "fyHGVdvqbaLJs4mnYgry", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After borrowing money from Hannah, she starts a catering business with April, a friend and fellow actress."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She writes a script inspired by Hannah and Elliot, which greatly upsets Hannah."}], "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a movie that starts at a Turkey feats and concludes at a Turkey feats.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "id": "g05xOwFNLiVcMxpfmtuR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998)."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox\u2014Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "Totaling 137 games in his rookie season, he batted .278 with a league-high 26 SB."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Red: A Baseball Life (Hardcover ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 1947, Schoendienst married the former Mary Eileen O'Reilly, who died in 1999, after 52 years of marriage."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "His defensive statistics as a second baseman included 4,616 putouts, 5,243 assists, 1,368 double plays, and 170 errors in 10,029 total chances for a .983 fielding average."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "In 1946, the Cardinals moved Schoendienst to play second base on their way to their third World Series title in five years."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "After two years as a coach for the 1977\u201378 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "Schoendienst helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years, batting .309 and finishing third in the NL MVP vote."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "text": "Red Schoendienst spent a total of seventy-four years involved with the MLB.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays."}], "id": "g3JYZ9sJtT3XKkkiexol", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "Two settings of songs from The Tempest which may have been used in performances during Shakespeare's lifetime have survived."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Shakespeare's day", "text": "The play was one of the six Shakespearean plays (and"}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "In Act 3, a psychoanalyst, Mangus, pretends to be Prospero and uses situations from Shakespeare's play in his therapy sessions."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Screen", "text": "The Tempest that used Shakespeare's language, but was most notable for its deviations from Shakespeare."}, {"section_header": "The masque", "text": "In Shakespeare's play, the storm in scene one functions as the anti-masque for the masque proper in act four."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610\u20131611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "Ballet sequences have been used in many performances of the play since Restoration times."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "From the mid-18th century, Shakespeare's plays, including The Tempest, began to appear as the subject of paintings."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and 18th century", "text": "Adaptations of the play, not Shakespeare's original, dominated the performance history of The Tempest from the English Restoration until the mid-19th century."}], "text": "Shakespeare's play, The Tempest, was the only one of his plays to use no instruments  during performances.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}], "id": "g3y28ePq4St58YNoff1l", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and Boston Braves."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "After batting .340, .326, and .309 in his three years in Boston, he ended his major league career with the Braves in 1930, then played in the minor leagues."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "As a freshman pitcher, Sisler struck out 20 batters in seven innings during a 1912 game."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 \u2013 March 26, 1973), nicknamed \"Gorgeous George\", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns \"Sisler Field\"."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "The doctors all said I'd never play again, but when you're fighting for something that actually keeps you alive \u2013 well, the human will is all you need.\" Sisler never regained his previous level of play, though he continued to hit over .300 in six of his last seven seasons and led the AL in stolen bases for a fourth time in 1927.In 1928, the Browns sold Sisler's contract to the Washington Senators, who in turn sold the contract to the Boston Braves in May."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Another son, George Jr., served as a minor league executive and as the president of the International League."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "In October 2004, Ichiro Suzuki broke Sisler's 84 year old hit record, collecting his 258th hit off of Texas Rangers pitcher Ryan Drese."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, \"I felt awful and terrific at the same time.\" A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1910, when Sisler was a high school senior, his brother Efbert died of tuberculosis, but Sisler was able to move in with a local family and finish school."}], "text": "George Sisler was a pitcher for the Boston Braves.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "George Sisler"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "id": "g9fixfCTC1KyIs8uD2uf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstra\u00dfe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz."}, {"section_header": "History | Cold War", "text": "The gate was located in the Soviet occupation zone, directly next to the border to the British occupation zone, which later became the border between East and West Berlin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "text": "The monument is located in the old town square of Frankfurt.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 \u2013 April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named."}], "id": "gA8T8QSEs7FdXudyRTua", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As a U.S. Army officer he led two expeditions under authority of President Thomas Jefferson through the new Louisiana Purchase territory, first in 1805\u20131806 to reconnoiter the upper northern reaches of the Mississippi River, and then in 1806\u20131807 to explore the Southwest to the fringes of the northern Spanish-colonial settlements of New Mexico and Texas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 \u2013 April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named."}, {"section_header": "Journals", "text": "Pike wrote an account from memory of his expeditions, which was published in 1810 as The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the Years 1805-6-7."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were escorted by the Spanish through Texas and released near American territory in Louisiana."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Second Pike Expedition", "text": "Spanish authorities captured Pike and some of his party in what was then northern New Mexico (now part of southern Colorado) on February 26, 1807."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Second Pike Expedition", "text": "In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the peak later named after him (Pikes Peak)."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Second Pike Expedition", "text": "Additional objectives of this exploratory expedition into the southwestern part of the Louisiana Territory were to evaluate natural resources and establish friendly relations with Native Americans."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pike's expeditions coincided with other Jeffersonian expeditions, including the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804\u20131806) and the Thomas Freeman and Peter Custis expedition up the Red River (1806).Pike's second expedition crossed the Rocky Mountains into what is now southern Colorado, which led to his capture by the Spanish colonial authorities near Santa Fe, who sent Pike and his men to Chihuahua (present-day Mexico), for interrogation."}, {"section_header": "Military career", "text": "General James Wilkinson, appointed Governor of the Upper Louisiana Territory and headquartered there, became his mentor."}, {"section_header": "Military career | War of 1812", "text": "Pike was promoted to brigadier general in March 1813."}], "text": "Zebulon Pike was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named, and led three expeditions under authority of President Thomas Jefferson through the new Louisiana Purchase territory,", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Zebulon Pike"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto."}], "id": "gFaRaYdwCrjbmqaqeljj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 19th century", "text": "D.C.  York was incorporated as the City of Toronto on March 6, 1834, reverting to its original native name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto."}, {"section_header": "History | Before 1800", "text": "In 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "Toronto as of 2011 ranks as the third largest production centre for film and television after Los Angeles and New York City, sharing the nickname \"Hollywood North\" with Vancouver."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "The 2018 homicide rate was higher than in Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Ottawa, Montreal, Hamilton, New York City, San Diego, and Austin."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "In 1967, the seven smallest municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto were merged with larger neighbours, resulting in a six-municipality configuration that included the former city of Toronto and the surrounding municipalities of East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, and York."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "On March 6, 2009, the city celebrated the 175th anniversary of its inception as the City of Toronto in 1834."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "On January 1, 1998, Toronto was greatly enlarged, not through traditional annexations, but as an amalgamation of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto and its six lower-tier constituent municipalities: East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, York, and the original city itself."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "For instance, in 2007, the homicide rate for Toronto was 3.3 per 100,000 people, compared with Atlanta (19.7), Boston (10.3), Los Angeles (10.0), New York City (6.3), Vancouver (3.1), and Montreal (2.6)."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "Toronto's robbery rate also ranks low, with 207.1 robberies per 100,000 people, compared with Los Angeles (348.5), Vancouver (266.2), New York City (265.9), and Montreal (235.3)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations."}], "text": "Not to be confused with New York city, the city of Toronto was also named York until 1834.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Toronto"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}], "id": "gFiI54mPhdFIodBeHB0d", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838."}, {"section_header": "Life | Late career | Carmen", "text": "According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: \"Georges has robbed me!"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 \u2013 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "She died in 1926; in her will, she established a fund for a Georges Bizet prize, to be awarded annually to a composer under 40 who had \"produced a remarkable work within the previous five years\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges was interviewed by Joseph Meifred, the horn virtuoso who was a member of the Conservatoire's Committee of Studies."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "He was registered as Alexandre C\u00e9sar L\u00e9opold, but baptised as \"Georges\" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Years of struggle", "text": "In July 1866, Bizet signed another contract with Carvalho, for La jolie fille de Perth, the libretto for which, by J.H. Vernoy de Saint-Georges after Sir Walter Scott, is described by Bizet's biographer Winton Dean as \"the worst Bizet was ever called upon to set\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "Georges, an only child, showed early aptitude for music and quickly picked up the basics of musical notation from his mother, who probably gave him his first piano lessons."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "By listening at the door of the room where Adolphe conducted his classes, Georges learned to sing difficult songs accurately from memory and developed an ability to identify and analyse complex chordal structures."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "No trace exists, and it is unlikely that Bizet ever started it."}], "text": "Georges Bizet was a German philosopher.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Afterwards, he served in the U.S. Army in 1944\u201345 during World War II, missing those seasons."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He returned to the Yankees in 1946, which turned out to be his most challenging year in major league baseball."}], "id": "gFvJd5ATaQdnx3OzgTap", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He scored twice in an 8-3 win in the final Game 4 as New York took their third consecutive title."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "His first several seasons were spent in Yankee Stadium, with its immense \"Death Valley\" in left field that frustrated right-handed power hitters; during his New York years, he hit 69 HRs at home and 84 on the road."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Gordon departed New York after precisely 1,000 games and 1,000 hits: the only player in baseball history with those statistics."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In 1941 he batted .276 with 24 HR and 87 RBI, scoring 104 runs and teaming with rookie shortstop Phil Rizzuto to lead the AL in double plays; Gordon placed seventh in the MVP vote as New York returned to the top of the standings."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Gordon was spiked in an exhibition game and severed a tendon in his hand, which required surgery, and he suffered a chipped bone in his finger."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "With Gordon-ally Joe McCarthy resigning from the Yankees club in May 1946 and following his worst season in baseball, Gordon was in trouble."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He led the AL in putouts, assists and double plays, and was second on the team to Joe DiMaggio and fifth in the league in both homers and RBI (111)."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "After the Series, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, \"The greatest all-around ballplayer I ever saw, and I don't bar any of them, is Joe Gordon.\" Gordon led the Yankees to another pennant in his 1942 MVP season, edging Triple Crown winner Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox for the award."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In the World Series rematch with the Cardinals, he gave New York a 2\u20131 lead in the fourth inning of Game 1 \u2013 a 4\u20132 win \u2013 with a solo homer, and scored the first run in a 2\u20131 win in Game 4."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Afterwards, he served in the U.S. Army in 1944\u201345 during World War II, missing those seasons."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He returned to the Yankees in 1946, which turned out to be his most challenging year in major league baseball."}], "text": "Joe Gordon took a hiatus from playing ball for the New York Yankees to try his hand as a Hollywood actor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Gordon"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}], "id": "gHSIoRKO2Baod6ez2zfO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "The opera, with a story taken from the Mahabharata, was a success and was quickly taken up by the opera houses of eight Italian cities."}, {"section_header": "Music | Orchestral and chamber music", "text": "The M\u00e9ditation for solo violin and orchestra, from Tha\u00efs, is possibly the best known non-vocal piece by Massenet, and appears on many recordings."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years, 1896\u20131912", "text": "His next work staged there was Cendrillon, his version of the Cinderella story, which was well received in May 1899.Macdonald comments that at the start of the 20th century Massenet was in the enviable position of having his works included in every season of the Op\u00e9ra and the Op\u00e9ra-Comique, and in opera houses around the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the time of his death, Massenet was regarded by many critics as old-fashioned and unadventurous although his two best-known operas remained popular in France and abroad."}, {"section_header": "Music | Recordings", "text": "The only known recording made by Massenet is an excerpt from Sapho, \"Pendant un an je fus ta femme\", in which he plays a piano accompaniment for the soprano Georgette Leblanc."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "He was known for the care he took in drawing out his pupils' ideas, never trying to impose his own."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After winning the country's top musical prize, the Prix de Rome, in 1863, he composed prolifically in many genres, but quickly became best known for his operas."}, {"section_header": "Music | Other vocal music", "text": "Most were verses by poets such as Musset, Maupassant, Hugo, Gautier and many lesser-known French writers, with occasional poems from overseas, including Tennyson in English and Shelley in French translation."}, {"section_header": "Music | Recordings", "text": "Of Massenet's operas, the two best known, Manon and Werther, have been recorded many times, and studio or live recordings have been issued of many of the others, including Cendrillon, Le Cid, Don Quichotte, Esclarmonde, H\u00e9rodiade, Le jongleur de Notre-Dame, Le mage, La Navarraise and Tha\u00efs."}], "text": "Massenet was most known for his book of short stories.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The latter transformed the way in which subsequent composers thought about rhythmic structure and was largely responsible for Stravinsky's enduring reputation as a musical revolutionary who pushed the boundaries of musical design."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He first achieved international fame with three ballets commissioned by the impresario Serge Diaghilev and first performed in Paris by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes: The Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), and The Rite of Spring (1913)."}], "id": "gI7Z5KxD2QQMz1txBWVW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8i\u0261\u0259r\u02b2 \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 str\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]; 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1882 \u2013 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor."}, {"section_header": "Recordings and publications", "text": "In 1959, several interviews between the composer and Robert Craft were published as Conversations with Igor Stravinsky, which was followed by a further five volumes over the following decade."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In addition to the recognition he received for his compositions, he achieved fame as a pianist and a conductor, often at the premieres of his works."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ballets for Diaghilev and international fame, 1909\u20131920", "text": "Stravinsky managed a short visit to Ustilug to retrieve personal items just before national borders were closed."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the United States, 1939\u20131971 | 1945\u20131968", "text": "Stravinsky befriended American conductor Robert Craft while composing The Rake's Progress."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ballets for Diaghilev and international fame, 1909\u20131920", "text": "After her delivery, Nosenko was discovered to have tuberculosis and was confined to a sanatorium in Leysin in the Alps."}, {"section_header": "Innovation and influence", "text": "According to the composer Philip Glass, \"the idea of pushing the rhythms across the bar lines [...] led the way [...]."}, {"section_header": "Innovation and influence", "text": "Stravinsky has been called \"one of music's truly epochal innovators\"."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "His successful career as a pianist and conductor took him to many of the world's major cities, including Paris, Venice, Berlin, London, Amsterdam and New York and he was known for his polite, courteous and helpful manner."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov and first compositions, 1901\u20131909", "text": "Rimsky-Korsakov suggested to Stravinsky that he should not enter the Saint Petersburg Conservatory but continue private lessons in theory."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The latter transformed the way in which subsequent composers thought about rhythmic structure and was largely responsible for Stravinsky's enduring reputation as a musical revolutionary who pushed the boundaries of musical design."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He first achieved international fame with three ballets commissioned by the impresario Serge Diaghilev and first performed in Paris by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes: The Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), and The Rite of Spring (1913)."}], "text": "A Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor, Igor Stravinsky, managed to first gain notoriety for several ballets, and he continues to push the confines of his music's methods.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Igor Stravinsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She then uses a tattoo machine to brand him as a rapist."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Soon afterwards, he is invited to meet Henrik Vanger, the retired CEO of the Vanger Corporation, unaware that Vanger has checked into his personal and professional history; the investigation of Blomkvist's circumstances has been carried out by Lisbeth Salander, a brilliant but deeply troubled researcher and computer hacker."}], "id": "gK8seIg31wjEN8FOWSWg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The Guardian ranked The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo #98 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008.The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "Adam Roberts The Girl with the Sturgeon Tattoo (2011) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo, an episode of Class by Patrick Ness"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She then uses a tattoo machine to brand him as a rapist."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Soon afterwards, he is invited to meet Henrik Vanger, the retired CEO of the Vanger Corporation, unaware that Vanger has checked into his personal and professional history; the investigation of Blomkvist's circumstances has been carried out by Lisbeth Salander, a brilliant but deeply troubled researcher and computer hacker."}], "text": "In the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the computer hacker tattoos the man who raped her.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}], "id": "gSz61Cb2dMJ4zbLg1UxF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Construction | Towers", "text": "The Manhattan anchorage was built in less time, having started in May 1875, it was mostly completed in July 1876."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Two years later, the Brooklyn Bridge trustees agreed to a plan where trolleys could run across the bridge under ten-year contracts."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Less than a week after the Brooklyn Bridge opened, ferry crews reported a sharp drop in patronage, while the bridge's toll operators were processing over a hundred people a minute."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Both Whalen and Roebling called for the renovation of the Brooklyn Bridge and the construction of a parallel bridge, though the parallel bridge was never built."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "The ramp from the FDR Drive to the Brooklyn Bridge was opened in 1968, followed by the ramp from the bridge to the FDR Drive the next year."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "That year, the formerly separate City of Brooklyn was unified with New York City, and the Brooklyn Bridge fell under city control."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Patronage across the Brooklyn Bridge increased in the years after it opened; a million people paid to cross in the six first months."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "Simultaneous with the rebuilding of the Brooklyn Bridge, a double-decked viaduct for the BQE was being built through an existing steel overpass of the bridge's Brooklyn approach ramp."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge was built in less than 10 years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of Tyre in Phoenicia (Lebanon), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an incestuous relationship with his daughter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a Jacobean play written at least in part by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the First Folio."}], "id": "gUovkNC5ZR2B1umVffIQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles hints that he knows the answer, and asks for more time to think."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of Tyre in Phoenicia (Lebanon), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an incestuous relationship with his daughter."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The play opens in the court of Antiochus, king of Antioch, who has offered the hand of his beautiful daughter to any man who answers his riddle; but those who fail shall die."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a Jacobean play written at least in part by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the First Folio."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "After John Arthos' 1953 article \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre: A Study in the Dramatic Use of Romantic Narrative,\" scholars began to find merits and interesting facets within the play's dramaturgy, narrative and use of the marvelous."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Modern revivals", "text": "Nunn shifted some scenes around and brought in prose text from George Wilkins' Pericles story (thought to be the co-author of this play with Shakespeare) in order to improve the pace and clarity of the story."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "If the play was co-written or revised by Wilkins, this would support a later date, as it is believed Wilkins' career as a writer spanned only the years 1606-8."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles departs to rule Tyre, leaving Marina in the care of Cleon and Dionyza."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "If he reveals this truth, he will be killed, but if he answers incorrectly, he will also be killed."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa."}], "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play that could have two writers and is a story about Pericles' who knows the answer to a riddle.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religious views | Atheism and anti-clericalism", "text": "Mussolini was an admirer of Friedrich Nietzsche."}], "id": "gXXc4v3OFs1pfp4vuM8j", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | Emigration to Switzerland and military service", "text": "During this time he studied the ideas of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, and the syndicalist Georges Sorel."}, {"section_header": "Religious views | Atheism and anti-clericalism", "text": "Mussolini was an admirer of Friedrich Nietzsche."}, {"section_header": "Religious views | Atheism and anti-clericalism", "text": "According to Denis Mack Smith, \"In Nietzsche he found justification for his crusade against the Christian virtues of humility, resignation, charity, and goodness.\" He valued Nietzsche's concept of the superman, \"The supreme egoist who defied both God and the masses, who despised egalitarianism and democracy, who believed in the weakest going to the wall and pushing them if they did not go fast enough.\" On his 60th birthday, Mussolini received a gift from Hitler of a complete twenty-four volume set of the works of Nietzsche."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Political journalist, intellectual and socialist", "text": "Mussolini had taught himself French and German and translated excerpts from Nietzsche, Schopenhauer and Kant."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party", "text": "Mussolini utilized works of Plato, Georges Sorel, Nietzsche, and the economic ideas of Vilfredo Pareto, to develop fascism."}, {"section_header": "Fascist Italy | Propaganda and cult of personality", "text": "The principles of the doctrine of Fascism were laid down in an article by eminent philosopher Giovanni Gentile and Mussolini himself that appeared in 1932 in the Enciclopedia Italiana."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Political journalist, intellectual and socialist", "text": "He read avidly; his favorites in European philosophy included Sorel, the Italian Futurist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, French Socialist Gustave Herv\u00e9, Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta, and German philosophers Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, the founders of Marxism."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Family", "text": "Mussolini was survived by his wife, Rachele Mussolini, two sons, Vittorio and Romano Mussolini, and his daughters Edda (the widow of Count Ciano) and Anna Maria."}, {"section_header": "Death | Mussolini's corpse", "text": "Starace, who once said of Mussolini"}, {"section_header": "Early life | Expulsion from the Italian Socialist Party", "text": "Mussolini initially held official support for the party's decision and, in an August 1914 article, Mussolini wrote \"Down with the War."}], "text": "Mussolini despised philosophers like Nietzsche.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Benito Mussolini"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 33 years as a manager, La Russa guided his teams to three World Series titles, six league championships and twelve division titles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Russa retired after winning the 2011 title and 33 seasons as a major league manager."}], "id": "gaQwJUTxR7UioQkpeean", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Managerial career | Chicago White Sox (1979\u20131986)", "text": "Tony La Russa is one of the most brilliant managers that I  ever encountered in my baseball career."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 33 years as a manager, La Russa guided his teams to three World Series titles, six league championships and twelve division titles."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Anthony La Russa Jr. (; born October 4, 1944) is the former manager of the St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics and Chicago White Sox and a former professional baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "In other media", "text": "La Russa also provided the AI for a series of successful video games, Tony La Russa Baseball (1991\u20131997)."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | St. Louis Cardinals (1996\u20132011)", "text": "La Russa's fourth Manager of the Year award was arguably the most emotional; La Russa led the Cardinals to the National League Championship Series (where they would ultimately lose in five games to the San Francisco Giants) in a year in which the Cardinals were traumatized by the deaths of beloved Hall of Fame broadcaster Jack Buck and 33-year-old pitcher"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Russa retired after winning the 2011 title and 33 seasons as a major league manager."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Growing up, the La Russa family moved to West Tampa, Florida where Tony played American Legion baseball and PONY League baseball alongside teammate Lou Piniella."}, {"section_header": "Executive career", "text": "In making the announcement, the Red Sox indicated that La Russa would assist with player development, serve as an advisor to the team's coaches at the major and minor league levels, and serve as a consultant for Alex Cora, the team's major league manager."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | St. Louis Cardinals (1996\u20132011)", "text": "Three days following the World Series win, La Russa announced his retirement, ranking second all-time in postseason wins with 70, third all-time with 2,728 regular season wins, second with 5,097 games managed, and second with 33 years (tied) managing with John McGraw."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In May of 2014, La Russa served as the Washington University in St. Louis commencement speaker."}], "text": "Tony La Russa served as a professional baseball manager for 33 years.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Tony La Russa"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public service", "text": "In his role as imperial ghostwriter, Hadrian took the place of the recently deceased Licinius Sura, Trajan's all-powerful friend and kingmaker."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Most of Hadrian's military activities were consistent with his ideology of Empire as a community of mutual interest and support."}], "id": "gc1JAozKNXcRgIcRCH3Z", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Hadrian also developed permanent fortifications and military posts along the empire's borders (limites, sl. limes) to support his policy of stability, peace and preparedness."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Although his coins showed military images almost as often as peaceful ones, Hadrian's policy was peace through strength, even threat, with an emphasis on disciplina (discipline), which was the subject of two monetary series."}, {"section_header": "Public service", "text": "In his role as imperial ghostwriter, Hadrian took the place of the recently deceased Licinius Sura, Trajan's all-powerful friend and kingmaker."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Hadrian retained control over Osroene through the client king Parthamaspates, who had once served as Trajan's client king of Parthia; and around 121, Hadrian negotiated a peace treaty with the now-independent Parthia."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Second Roman\u2013Jewish War (132\u2013136)", "text": "The non-Roman population would have no obligation to participate in Roman religious rituals, but were expected to support the Roman imperial order; this is attested in Caesarea, where some Jews served in the Roman army during both the 66 and 132 rebellions."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "This helped keep the military usefully occupied in times of peace; his Wall across Britania was built by ordinary troops."}, {"section_header": "Sources and historiography", "text": "Epigraphical studies in the post-war period help support alternate views of Hadrian."}, {"section_header": "Military activities", "text": "Most of Hadrian's military activities were consistent with his ideology of Empire as a community of mutual interest and support."}, {"section_header": "Travels", "text": "Whereas previous emperors had, for the most part, relied on the reports of their imperial representatives around the Empire, Hadrian wished to see things for himself."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Africa, Parthia and Anatolia; Antinous (123\u2013124)", "text": "It is also possible that Antinous was sent to Rome to be trained as a page to serve the emperor and only gradually rose to the status of imperial favourite."}], "text": "Hadrian, the Roman emperor, had previous military postings and served a role as an imperial ghostwriter that taught him to support stability and peace through strength.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "\u201a 1892.The Giants won the 1889 World Series, but morale was low on the club."}], "id": "gc2qOjZ0e1zCP7BUsK5U", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "In 1886, Welch won 33 games, which was second on the Giants to Keefe's 44 victories."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "\u201a 1892.The Giants won the 1889 World Series, but morale was low on the club."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "The team, now called the Giants, had an incredible record of 85\u201327, with Welch winning 17 consecutive games at one point, but finished second to the Chicago White Stockings, who finished with a record of 87-25.After"}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Early career", "text": "The duo would only enjoy moderate success over the course of three seasons with the Trojans, a team that never finished higher than fourth in the National League during its four-season run."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "the 1885 season, Welch was one of nine Giants players to form baseball's first union, which was known as the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "Despite this win total from Welch and Keefe, the team fell to third place in the league."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career", "text": "As Keefe and Welch were so overworked by 1887, the Giants picked up young pitchers Bill George and Cannonball Titcomb, but both of them struggled and the Giants finished fourth."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "The new eight-team league became known as the Players' League."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "Saying that he was in baseball to earn money, Welch agreed to re-sign with the Giants on a three-year contract."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Later career", "text": "With Welch and Keefe still on the same club, the 1891 New York Giants had two 300-game winners."}], "text": "The Giants never won the play-offs while Welch was on the team.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Mickey Welch"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Renaissance", "text": "Since the Renaissance the Pantheon has been the site of several important burials."}], "id": "gcET9G5W2mS6NtMIrOwg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Godfrey and Hemsoll point out that ancient authors never refer to Hadrian's Pantheon with the word"}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "The Pantheon is in use as a Catholic church."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Interior", "text": "The oculus at the top of the dome was never covered, allowing rainfall through the ceiling and onto the floor."}, {"section_header": "History | Medieval", "text": "However, Paul the Deacon records the spoliation of the building by the Emperor Constans II, who visited Rome in July 663:  Remaining at Rome"}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "Finished by Hadrian but not claimed as one of his works, it used the text of the original inscription on the new fa\u00e7ade (a common practice in Hadrian's rebuilding projects all over Rome; the only building on which Hadrian put his own name was the Temple to the Deified Trajan)."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "There, they were transferred back onto barges and pulled up the Tiber River to Rome."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "How the building was actually used is not known."}, {"section_header": "History | Renaissance", "text": "Most of the bronze was used to make bombards for the fortification of Castel Sant'Angelo, with the remaining amount used by the Apostolic Camera for various other works."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Rotunda", "text": "The materials used in the concrete of the dome also vary."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "From him we know that \"the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of Syracusan bronze\", that \"the Pantheon of Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are looked upon as masterpieces of excellence: the same, too, with the statues that are placed upon the roof,\" and that one of Cleopatra's pearls was cut in half so that each half \"might serve as pendants for the ears of Venus, in the Pantheon at Rome\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Renaissance", "text": "Since the Renaissance the Pantheon has been the site of several important burials."}], "text": "The Pantheon in Rome has never been used for entombment.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pantheon, Rome"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "There is a famous story, as reported for example by Aelian, according to which Socrates cheerfully rose from his seat during the performance of The Clouds and stood in silent answer to the whispers among foreigners in the festival audience: \"Who is Socrates?\" Plato appears to have considered The Clouds a contributing factor in Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC."}], "id": "gdgHVQTJFPn296iS9dW2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play also, however, remains notorious for its caricature of Socrates and is mentioned in Plato's Apology as a contributor to the philosopher's trial and execution."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "There is a famous story, as reported for example by Aelian, according to which Socrates cheerfully rose from his seat during the performance of The Clouds and stood in silent answer to the whispers among foreigners in the festival audience: \"Who is Socrates?\" Plato appears to have considered The Clouds a contributing factor in Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "Moreover, the trial of Socrates followed Athens' traumatic defeat by Sparta, many years after the performance of the play, when suspicions about the philosopher were fuelled by public animosity towards his disgraced associates such as Alcibiades."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "The Aristophanic Socrates is much more interested in physical speculations than is Plato's Socrates, yet it is possible that the real Socrates did take a strong interest in such speculations during his development as a philosopher and there is some support for this in Plato's dialogue Phaedo 96A."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Andrew David Irvine, 2007 \u2013 prose, Socrates on Trial: A Play Based on Aristophane's Clouds and Plato's Apology, Crito, and Phaedo Adapted for Modern Performance"}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "Socrates is presented in The Clouds as a petty thief, a fraud and a sophist with a specious interest in physical speculations."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal of Socrates", "text": "Aristophanes' plays however were generally unsuccessful in shaping public attitudes on important questions, as evidenced by their ineffectual opposition to the Peloponnesian War, demonstrated in the play Lysistrata, and to populists such as Cleon."}, {"section_header": "Historical background", "text": "In fact one of the plays that defeated The Clouds in 423 was called Connus, written by Ameipsias, and it too lampooned Socrates."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia."}, {"section_header": "The Clouds and Old Comedy", "text": "Agon: The play has two agons."}], "text": "It is speculated that this play played a part in the trial and execution of Socrates.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Clouds"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as \"galumphing\" and \"chortle\"."}], "id": "geksDhGndWgNDv5G5DMO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The word \"jabberwocky\" itself has come to refer to nonsense language."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky \" is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Translators have generally dealt with them by creating equivalent words of their own."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Some of the words that Carroll created, such as \"chortled\" and \"galumphing\", have entered the English language and are listed in the Oxford English Dictionary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as \"galumphing\" and \"chortle\"."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "Burbled: In a letter of December 1877, Carroll notes that \"burble\" could be a mixture of the three verbs 'bleat', 'murmur', and 'warble', although he did not remember creating it."}, {"section_header": "Linguistics and poetics", "text": "Marnie Parsons describes the work as a \"semiotic catastrophe\", arguing that the words create a discernible narrative within the structure of the poem, though the reader cannot know what they symbolise."}, {"section_header": "Linguistics and poetics", "text": "Linguist Peter Lucas believes the \"nonsense\" term is inaccurate."}, {"section_header": "Music, film and video games", "text": "According to Jaques and Giddens, it distinguished itself by stressing the humor and nonsense of the poem."}], "text": "The Jabberwocky created nonsense words like \"galumphing\" and \"chortle\".", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Jabberwocky"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "id": "ghZQmRTghrsSRHs5apf8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "The Thrushcross Grange that Emily describes is rather unusual."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Bront\u00eb, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Mr Ellis Bell, before constructing the novel, should have known that forced marriages, under threats and in confinement are illegal, and parties instrumental thereto can be punished."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Emily Bront\u00eb  uses this frame story technique to narrate most of the story."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "The song \"Emily\" by folk artist Billie Marten is written from Bront\u00eb's perspective."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "This Gothic edifice was located near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a governess in 1838."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Emily also knew  Greek tragedies, was a good Latinist, and possessed an exceptional classical culture in a woman of the time."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"New Monthly Magazine wrote \"Wuthering Heights, by Ellis Bell, is a terrific story, associated with an equally fearful and repulsive spot ... Our novel reading experience does not enable us to refer to anything to be compared with the personages we are introduced to at this desolate spot \u2013 a perfect misanthropist's heaven."}], "text": "Emily Bronte's pseudonym is Ellis Bronner.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}], "id": "goeboLBEw0IaV0qFBf47", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In September 2018, Instacart added service from Walmart Canada stores, Staples Canada and M&M Food Market."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Apoorva was born in India and moved with his family to Canada in 2000."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "He tried building an ad network for social gaming companies, and developing a social network specifically for lawyers, among other start-ups."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This increase was named by Instacart as the \"Instacart Effect\"."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart originally launched in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Instacart claimed that the strike had no impact on its operations."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Instacart said it \"will honor\" the vote, pending certification of the results."}], "text": "Instacart started in Canada.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of \"Enrich the country, strengthen the military\" (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, fukoku ky\u014dhei)."}], "id": "gpgKHIMzBMCm8jCumMJM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization", "text": "The Meiji Restoration, and the resultant modernization of Japan, also influenced Japanese self-identity with respect to its Asian neighbours, as Japan became the first Asian state to modernize based on the Western model, replacing the traditional Confucian hierarchical order that had persisted previously under a dominant China with one based on modernity."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of \"Enrich the country, strengthen the military\" (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, fukoku ky\u014dhei)."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Ch\u014dsh\u016b Alliance between Saig\u014d Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Ch\u014dsh\u016b Domain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "After K\u014dmei's death on January 30, 1867, Meiji ascended the throne on February 3."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure and spanned both the late Edo period (often called the Bakumatsu) and the beginning of the Meiji era."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": ", Chinese general Li Hongzhang considered Japan to be China's \"principal security threat\" as early as 1863, five years before the Meiji Restoration."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}], "text": "The Meiji Restoration caused China to industrialize.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Soviet journalist dubbed her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style."}], "id": "gpjxyIopZhlHc5ldNdoR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Political impact | Overview", "text": "Leading Welsh politician Rhodri Morgan, among others, characterised Thatcher as a \"Marmite\" figure."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979 | \"The 'Iron Lady' Sounds the Alarm\"", "text": "The metaphorical sobriquet followed her throughout her political career, and has since become a generic descriptor for strong-willed female politicians."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "Thatcher was challenged for the leadership of the Conservative Party by the little-known backbench MP Sir Anthony Meyer in the 1989 leadership election."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "A self-described conviction politician, Thatcher always insisted that she did not care about her poll ratings and pointed instead to her unbeaten election record."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "Thatcher's election had a polarising effect on the party; her support was stronger among MPs on the right, and also among those from southern England, and those who had not attended public schools or Oxbridge."}, {"section_header": "Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975\u20131979", "text": "Thatcher became Conservative Party leader and leader of the Opposition on 11 February 1975; she appointed Whitelaw as her deputy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Domestic affairs | Economy and taxation", "text": "The 1981 England riots resulted in the British media discussing the need for a policy U-turn."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death and funeral: 2013", "text": "On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea's Margaret Thatcher Infirmary."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Soviet journalist dubbed her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style."}], "text": "Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minster of England and she was known for her unwillingness to compromise with politicians and leaders.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyrrhus (; Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03cd\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Pyrrhos; 319/318\u2013272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period."}], "id": "grepqFszvuSmNtXsSaPo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "The Tarentines asked Pyrrhus to lead their war against the Romans."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "Pyrrhus tried to wrest Campania from the Romans, but was thwarted in this by the reinforced army of Laevinus."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "He reminded them that Pyrrhus was in fact a foreign king while he himself was a true Macedonian."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "Although this was designed as a measure against the Italian peoples of Lucania, the Tarentines grew nervous and attacked the Romans in Thurii, driving the Roman garrison from the city and sinking several Roman warships."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "In the end, the Romans lost 6,000 men and Pyrrhus 3,500 including many officers."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "Hieronymus of Cardia reports the Romans lost about 7,000 while Pyrrhus lost 3,000 soldiers, including many of his best; Dionysius gives a bloodier view of 15,000 Roman dead and 13,000 Epirot."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "Pyrrhus made the most of the situation and advised the Athenians never to let a king enter their city again."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "He then offered the Romans a peace treaty which was eventually rejected."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: \"If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyrrhus (; Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03cd\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Pyrrhos; 319/318\u2013272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period."}], "text": "Pyrrhus was a Roman king.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr."}], "id": "gsEd1shuHJWcCYwaRewG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "In doing so, the Sun-Times article listed the names of each of the young boys."}, {"section_header": "Theater", "text": "\"The neighborhood Greeks performed the classic plays of antiquity in their own language and the children of European immigrants produced Shakespeare\" as well as others."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Teachings", "text": "A public dispensary provided nutritious food for the sick as well as a daycare center and public baths."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House", "text": "Other candidates for resident ghosts include the many people who died there of natural causes in the 1870s when it was used as a home for the aged by the Little Sisters of the Poor."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "Others, like Hull-House [co-founded by Addams], were secular.\" One of the first newspaper articles ever written  Hull House quotes the following invitation sent to the residents of the Hull House neighborhood."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "Organizations led by women, bonded by sisterhood, were formed for social reform, including settlement houses in working class and poor neighborhoods, like Hull House."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels."}, {"section_header": "Mission", "text": "She described Toynbee Hall as \"a community of university men\" who, while living there, held their recreational clubs and social gatherings at the settlement house among the poor people and in the same style they would in their own circle."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "\"They grew up to be lawyers and mechanics, sewer workers and dump truck drivers, a candy shop owner, a boxer and a mob boss.\" Because of the immigrants' loneliness for their homeland, Addams started hosting ethnic evenings at Hull House."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "Addams had studied child behavior and painfully concluded that \"children robbed of childhood were likely to become dull, sullen men and women working mindless jobs, or criminals for whom the adventure of crime became the only way to break out of the bleakness of their lives\" Addams' thinking regarding the importance of childhood play opportunities contributed to a national conversation about the need for playgrounds and a movement that started the Playground Association of America  Also, one volunteer, Jenny Dow, started a kindergarten class for children left at the settlement while their mothers worked in the sweatshops."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr."}], "text": "Hull House was started by two brothers to provide a space that the wealthy and poor could interact with each other.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hull House"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sulfuric acid (American spelling) or sulphuric acid (English spelling), also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H2SO4."}], "id": "gxRCUPA90XyL9HbCM7nX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "This is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoric acid."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Although nearly 100% sulfuric acid solutions can be made, the subsequent loss of SO3 at the boiling point brings the concentration to 98.3% acid."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Aluminium sulfate is made by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid:  2"}, {"section_header": "Manufacture | Other methods", "text": "As late as 1940, up to 50% of sulfuric acid manufactured in the United States was produced by chamber process plants."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Industrial hazards", "text": "Repeated occupational exposure to sulfuric acid mists may increase the chance of lung cancer by up to 64 percent."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Laboratory hazards", "text": "Sulfuric acid must be stored carefully in containers made of nonreactive material (such as glass)."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Dilution hazards", "text": "On a laboratory scale, sulfuric acid can be diluted by pouring concentrated acid onto crushed ice made from de-ionized water."}, {"section_header": "Manufacture | Other methods", "text": "but this was a slow process and the use of vitriol sped up the bleaching process."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In 1746 in Birmingham, John Roebuck adapted this method to produce sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made larger than the previously used glass containers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sulfuric acid (American spelling) or sulphuric acid (English spelling), also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H2SO4."}], "text": "Sulfuric acid is made up of sulfur and phosphorous.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Assigned to work in the records room, he faces racial discrimination from his coworkers."}], "id": "gyXzYC1s8OvNc42HJ4m1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Kendrickson suspects Zimmerman of being Jewish and tries to make him take a polygraph test at gunpoint, but Stallworth breaks the Kendricksons' kitchen window to distract them."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He, Felix and Ivanhoe arrive and trigger the bomb while Ron is being detained."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The true identity of Stallworth's partner remains secret, and was only referred to as \"Chuck\" in the memoir; he also wasn't Jewish as depicted in the film."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "So Stallworth recruits his Jewish coworker, Flip Zimmerman, to act as him to meet the Klan members while he continues to pose as white on the phone."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It went on to debut to $10.8 million, finishing fifth at the box office and marking Lee's best opening weekend since Inside Man ($29 million) in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Stallworth never called Duke to admit he was actually a black man; Duke did not find out until he was asked to fact-check the story by a reporter in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Assigned to work in the records room, he faces racial discrimination from his coworkers."}], "text": "BlacKkKlansman is about a Jewish policeman man being disfavored.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011."}], "id": "h1KaQBbSEqAfsOTAZqb2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial centers in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Public safety", "text": "This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the \"Boston Miracle\"."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than US$4.8 billion annually to the city's economy."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston's colleges and universities exert a significant impact on the regional economy."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation", "text": "Boston is the eastern terminus of I-90, which in Massachusetts runs along the Massachusetts Turnpike."}], "text": "Boston, Massachusetts has a lot of tourists that help with the economy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "It is noted, however, for deviating significantly from the novel's storyline."}], "id": "h1jdN9SzAWhdNLBjxkFK", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A 2002 version of All the King's Men, re-edited by Noel Polk, keeps the name \"Willie Talos\" for the Boss as originally written in Warren's manuscript, and is known as the \"restored edition\" for using this name as well as printing several passages removed from the original edit."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Warren claimed that All the King's Men was \"never intended to be a book about politics\"."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Contemporary response to the novel was largely positive."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Writing in the New Republic, George Mayberry wrote that the novel was \"in the tradition of many classics\", comparing the novel favorably with Moby-Dick,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is rated as the 36th greatest novel of the 20th century by Modern Library, and it was chosen as one of Time magazine's 100 best novels since 1923."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "The movie was also nominated for four more categories."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "It is noted, however, for deviating significantly from the novel's storyline."}], "text": "The 1946 novel All the King's Men was turned into a movie that stuck closely to the original novel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All the King's Men"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tallest moai erected, called Paro, was almost 10 metres (33 ft) high and weighed 82 tonnes (90.4 short tons)."}], "id": "h2bYyhBUOzC0MW5bUAtC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description", "text": "These massive creations usually weigh around 12.5 tonnes (13.8 tons) each."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The heaviest moai erected was a shorter but squatter moai at Ahu Tongariki, weighing 86 tonnes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The tallest moai erected, called Paro, was almost 10 metres (33 ft) high and weighed 82 tonnes (90.4 short tons)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145\u2013165 tons (160\u2013182 metric tons)."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "In 1986, Pavel Pavel, Thor Heyerdahl and the Kon Tiki Museum experimented with a five-tonne moai and a nine-tonne moai."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "In 1999, she supervised an experiment to move a nine-tonne moai."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses", "text": "The more recent moai had pukao on their heads, which represent the topknot of the chieftains."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The production and transportation of the more than 900 statues is considered a remarkable creative and physical feat."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Around the same time, archaeologist Charles Love experimented with a 10-tonne replica."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "His first experiment found rocking the statue to walk it was too unstable over more than a few hundred yards."}], "text": "The most tall structure weighs more than 80 tonnes.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Text", "text": "At the time, spelling and punctuation was not standardized and will vary from page to page, because each compositor had their individual preferences and styles."}], "id": "h32uqIOkNEr5HfP4qRIV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Magic", "text": "These separations will let him deal with each group differently."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Dramatic structure", "text": "All that is needed is a different kind of audience, one that is aware of itself and its agency."}, {"section_header": "The masque", "text": "Another threat is represented by the young couple themselves, who might succumb to each other prematurely."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "At the time, spelling and punctuation was not standardized and will vary from page to page, because each compositor had their individual preferences and styles."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Postcolonial", "text": "Postcolonial scholars have argued that Caliban is also shown as one of the most natural characters in the play, being very much in touch with the natural world (and modern audiences have come to view him as far nobler than his two Old World friends, Stephano and Trinculo, although the original intent of the author may have been different)."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "The figure of Caliban influenced numerous works of African literature in the 1970s, including pieces by Taban Lo Liyong in Uganda, Lemuel Johnson in Sierra Leone, Ng\u0169g\u0129 wa Thiong'o in Kenya, and David Wallace of Zambia's"}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "However, a page with an error would not be discarded, so pages late in any given press run would be the most accurate, and each of the final printed folios may vary in this regard."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "W. H. Auden's \"long poem\" The Sea and the Mirror takes the form of a reflection by each of the supporting characters of The Tempest on their experiences."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "Based on distinctive quirks in the printed words on the page, the study was able to individuate the compositors, and reveal that three compositors worked on The Tempest, who are known as Compositor B, C, and F. Compositor B worked on The Tempest's first page as well as six other pages."}, {"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Postcolonial", "text": "Different views of this are found in the play, with examples including Gonzalo's Utopia, Prospero's enslavement of Caliban, and Caliban's subsequent resentment."}], "text": "The Tempest's grammar was different on each sheet.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "id": "h3OuFt8kZjhVk9ngIE8M", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "LII\u2013LXI [52-61] (The China Cantos)", "text": "The work was completed in 1730 but not published until 1777\u20131783."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "I\u2013XVI [1-16]", "text": "Pound had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem."}, {"section_header": "LXXII\u2013LXXIII [72-73] (The Italian Cantos)", "text": "Written between 1944 and 1945.These two cantos, written in Italian, were not collected until their posthumous inclusion in the 1987 revision of the complete text of the poem."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Consequent on this, he was released from St. Elizabeths on condition that he return to Europe, which he promptly did."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to the work's content."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "It is, in fact, some rescued lines from the earlier version of Canto CXV, and has Pound asking forgiveness for his actions from both the gods and those he loves."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Canto CXVI was the last canto completed by Pound."}, {"section_header": "Background | Publication history", "text": "The earliest part of The Cantos to be published in book form was released by Three Mountains Press in 1925 under the title A Draft of XVI Cantos."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "This final complete canto is followed by the two fragments of the 1940s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "text": "Despite the fact that the Cantos wasn't completed until 1962, most of it's content was released beginning in 1922.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of \"Enrich the country, strengthen the military\" (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, fukoku ky\u014dhei)."}], "id": "h4fo4fAhRa0yDO2wHaaN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "With industrialization came the demand for coal."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "This is important to the growth and ideas that came with the reforms and transformation Japan was undergoing during the Meiji period."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "Japan had help from Western nations when it came to industrial growth."}, {"section_header": "Notes", "text": "1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genr\u014d), who helped in the restoration of imperial power."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of \"Enrich the country, strengthen the military\" (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, fukoku ky\u014dhei)."}, {"section_header": "Military reform", "text": "The Meiji oligarchy that formed the government under the rule of the Emperor first introduced measures to consolidate their power against the remnants of the Edo period government, the shogunate, daimy\u014ds, and the samurai class."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "End of the shogunate", "text": "This forced (or allowed) the Emperor to strip Yoshinobu of all power, setting the stage for official restoration."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "Japan's economic powers are a major influence on the industrial factor of its country as well."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}], "text": "Industrialization halted after Emperor Meiji came into power.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early career", "text": "He won an \"honorable mention\" at the First International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1927 and attributed the disappointing result to suffering from appendicitis and the jury being all Polish."}], "id": "h5dz9RAzo8wGQ9v7C9SL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 , tr."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Their son, Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, displayed significant musical talent after he began piano lessons with his mother at the age of nine."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Joining the Party", "text": "In all other respects she is splendid: clever, cheerful, straightforward and very likeable.\" According to Galina Vishnevskaya, who knew the Shostakoviches well, this marriage was a very happy one: \"It was with her that Dmitri Dmitriyevich finally came to know domestic peace... Surely, she prolonged his life by several years."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early career", "text": "After the competition Shostakovich met the conductor Bruno Walter, who was so impressed by the composer's First Symphony that he conducted it at its Berlin premiere later that year."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century, with a unique harmonic language and a historic importance due to his years of work under Stalin."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "His first major musical achievement was the First Symphony (premiered 1926), written as his graduation piece at the age of 19."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early career", "text": "He won an \"honorable mention\" at the First International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1927 and attributed the disappointing result to suffering from appendicitis and the jury being all Polish."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life, and death", "text": "He was survived by his third wife, Irina; his daughter, Galina; and his son, Maxim, a pianist and conductor who was the dedicatee and first performer of some of his father's works."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early career", "text": "After graduation, Shostakovich initially embarked on a dual career as concert pianist and composer, but his dry playing style was often unappreciated ("}, {"section_header": "Recorded legacy", "text": "A major achievement was EMI's recording of the original, unexpurgated opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk."}], "text": "Dmitry Dmitriyevich Shostakovich thought that he lost one of his first major pianist competitions in part because the judging panel was mostly Austrian.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dmitry Shostakovich"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Br\u00fcnnlitz, the one carrying the women and girls is accidentally redirected to Auschwitz-Birkenau; Schindler bribes Rudolf H\u00f6ss, the commandant of Auschwitz, with a bag of diamonds to win their release."}], "id": "h8vMKEK8kzafkyNVPLSp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Schindler was later honored by Yad Vashem for his efforts to save his workers from being put to death."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Schindler hires Jewish workers because they cost less, while Stern ensures that as many people as possible are deemed essential to the German war effort, which saves them from being transported to concentration camps or killed."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "To avoid filming inside the actual death camp, the film crew constructed a replica of a portion of the camp just outside the entrance of Birkenau."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The production received permission from Polish authorities to film on the grounds of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, but objections to filming within the actual death camp were raised by the World Jewish Congress."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "SS-Untersturmf\u00fchrer (second lieutenant) Amon G\u00f6th arrives in Krak\u00f3w to oversee construction of P\u0142asz\u00f3w concentration camp."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "As the Germans begin to lose the war, G\u00f6th is ordered to ship the remaining Jews at P\u0142asz\u00f3w to Auschwitz concentration camp."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The crew shot at or near the actual locations, though the P\u0142asz\u00f3w camp had to be reconstructed in a nearby abandoned quarry, as modern high rise apartments were visible from the site of the original camp."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "He describes the humanization of Schindler as \"banal\", and is critical of what he describes as the \"Zionist closure\" set to the song \"Jerusalem of Gold\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The workers give Schindler a signed statement attesting to his role in saving Jewish lives and present him with a ring engraved with a Talmudic quotation: \"Whoever saves one life saves the world entire."}, {"section_header": "Themes and symbolism | Candles", "text": "\" When the color fades out in the film's opening moments, it gives way to a world in which smoke comes to symbolize bodies being burnt at Auschwitz."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Br\u00fcnnlitz, the one carrying the women and girls is accidentally redirected to Auschwitz-Birkenau; Schindler bribes Rudolf H\u00f6ss, the commandant of Auschwitz, with a bag of diamonds to win their release."}], "text": "Schindler gives the commandant of P\u0142asz\u00f3w a sack of gold coins to rescue the Jewish ladies and children who are to be sent to a death camp.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Schindler's List"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "Taney's ancestor, Michael Taney"}, {"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "I, had settled in Maryland from England in 1660."}], "id": "hAWdsFNcapuIV9gKPVaG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott", "text": "In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Several places and things have been named for Taney, including Taney County, Missouri, the USCGC Taney (WPG-37) (although the ship was later renamed during Taney's de-memorialization), and the Liberty ship SS Roger B. Taney."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Another property owned by Taney, called the Roger Brooke Taney House (although he never lived there), is in Frederick, Maryland."}, {"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "As Roger Taney's older brother, Michael Taney VI, was expected to inherit the family's plantation, Taney's father encouraged him to study law."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation", "text": "\" Taney's mixed legacy was noted by Justice Antonin Scalia in his dissenting opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey:  There comes vividly to mind a portrait by Emanuel Leutze that hangs in the Harvard Law School: Roger Brooke Taney, painted in 1859, the 82nd year of his life, the 24th of his Chief Justiceship, the second after his opinion in Dred Scott."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court", "text": "Though Taney would preside over a jurisprudential shift toward states' rights, the Taney Court did not reject broad federal authority to the degree that many Whigs initially feared."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court", "text": "Many Whigs believed that Taney was a \"political hack\" and worried about the direction that he would take the Supreme Court."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court", "text": "One of Marshall's key allies, Associate Justice Joseph Story, remained on the Court when Taney took office, but Jackson appointees made up a majority of the Court."}, {"section_header": "The Taney Court | 1836\u20131844", "text": "In his majority opinion, Taney ruled that the charter did not grant a monopoly to the Charles River Bridge."}, {"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "Taney's ancestor, Michael Taney"}, {"section_header": "Early life and career", "text": "I, had settled in Maryland from England in 1660."}], "text": "ROger B. Taney had ancestry from Ireland.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Roger B. Taney"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}], "id": "hAcnUxrPdxukR2dKcD5Q", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "In addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV has been active in baseball as a scout or scouting director for numerous teams, including the Orioles, Twins, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}, {"section_header": "Honors and awards", "text": "In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Four-generation baseball family", "text": "Lee was honored in 1998.His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, brought on by Ted Turner to create the department upon the network's launch."}], "text": "Lee MacPhail was an executive for the Mets and Tigers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lee MacPhail"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "People's Crusade", "text": "Urban had planned the departure of the first crusade for 15 August 1096, the Feast of the Assumption, but months before this, a number of unexpected armies of peasants and petty nobles set off for Jerusalem on their own, led by a charismatic priest called Peter the Hermit."}, {"section_header": "People's Crusade", "text": "It is commonly believed that Peter's followers purely consisted of a massive group of untrained and illiterate peasants who did not even have any idea where Jerusalem was, but there were also many knights among the peasants, including Walter Sans Avoir, who was lieutenant to Peter and led a separate army."}], "id": "hB5uZr3Cf3SnTG39vNSR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade as there was no pilgrimage, no vow and no formal authorisation by the church."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in the East", "text": "The first waves of Turkic migration into the Middle East enjoined Arab and Turkic history from the 9th century."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in the East", "text": "Behaviours that were very different from those of their sedentary, Arabic speaking subjects."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Nicaea", "text": "The Crusader armies crossed over into Asia Minor during the first half of 1097, where they were joined by Peter the Hermit and the remainder of his relatively small army."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Siege of Antioch", "text": "Finally, at the beginning of 1099, the march restarted, leaving Bohemond behind as the first Prince of Antioch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This call was met with an enthusiastic popular response across all social classes in western Europe."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade | Battle of Dorylaeum", "text": "Then, in March 1098, Baldwin became the new ruler, thus creating the County of Edessa, the first of the crusader states."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in the East", "text": "This was a difference that weakened power structures when combined with the Seljuks habitual governance of territory based on political preferment and competition between independent princes rather than geography."}, {"section_header": "Princes' Crusade", "text": "They took different paths to Constantinople and gathered outside its city walls between November 1096 and April 1097; Hugh of Vermandois arrived first, followed by Godfrey, Raymond, and Bohemond."}, {"section_header": "Historical context | Situation in Europe", "text": "Shortly before the First Crusade, Pope Urban II had encouraged the Iberian Christians to take Tarragona, using much of the same symbolism and rhetoric that was later used to preach the crusade to the people of Europe."}, {"section_header": "People's Crusade", "text": "Urban had planned the departure of the first crusade for 15 August 1096, the Feast of the Assumption, but months before this, a number of unexpected armies of peasants and petty nobles set off for Jerusalem on their own, led by a charismatic priest called Peter the Hermit."}, {"section_header": "People's Crusade", "text": "It is commonly believed that Peter's followers purely consisted of a massive group of untrained and illiterate peasants who did not even have any idea where Jerusalem was, but there were also many knights among the peasants, including Walter Sans Avoir, who was lieutenant to Peter and led a separate army."}], "text": "During the First Crusade, people of different ranks and classes banded together to march to the East.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "First Crusade"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled \"Eck: A Story of Saving\", premiered on December 13, 2018."}], "id": "hDlG8AtwlRnCBDFQmr2x", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed \"Eck\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)", "text": "After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "and I saved my life.\" Eckersley was traded again on April 3, 1987 to the Oakland Athletics, where manager Tony La Russa intended to use him as a set-up pitcher or long reliever."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled \"Eck: A Story of Saving\", premiered on December 13, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Eckersley married his first wife Denise in 1973 and they had a daughter, Mandee Eckersley."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to Red Sox (1998)", "text": "Eckersley announced his retirement in December 1998."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)", "text": "Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)", "text": "Indeed, Eckersley started two games with the A's before an injury to"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Two years later, Eckersley married model Nancy O'Neil."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Eckersley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility."}], "text": "Dennis Eckersley used to have issues with alcohol.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Dennis Eckersley"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}], "id": "hFYggV77hmu8qtsxBBtn", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "The teenager Cyclops joins the Champions, a comic book focused on teenager heroes but unrelated to the X-Men mythos."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "received their own comic book series."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Original roster", "text": "In 1969, writer Roy Thomas and illustrator Neal Adams rejuvenated the comic book and gave regular roles to two recently introduced characters: Havok/Alex Summers (who had been introduced by Roy Thomas before Adams began work on the comic) and Lorna Dane, later called Polaris (created by Arnold Drake and Jim Steranko)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "The growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed \"X-Books."}, {"section_header": "Storytelling elements | Sanity", "text": "The topic of sanity has been addressed in many of the major heroes and villains of X-Men."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991\u20132001)", "text": "In 1991, Marvel revised the entire lineup of X-Men comic book titles, centered on the launch of a second X-Men series, simply titled X-Men."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "The Mutant X universe reimagines Mr. Fantastic, Nick Fury, and Professor X as villains and Doctor Doom and Apocalypse as heroes."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "Created and reverted via time travel."}], "text": "X-Men are heroes who were created in a DC comic book.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 \u2013 September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager."}], "id": "hJtNfZdheVTaER7FiFpZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "As early as 1938, it was apparent that Cronin was nearing the end of his playing career."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 \u2013 September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Engel first spotted Cronin playing in Kansas City."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During his 20-year playing career (1926\u20131945), Cronin played for three teams, primarily the Boston Red Sox; he was a player-manager for 13 seasons (1933\u20131945), and served as manager for two additional seasons (1946\u20131947)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time, the nearest MLB team was nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As AL president", "text": "While the National League held only an 8\u20137 edge in World Series play during the Cronin era, it dominated the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, going 15\u20133\u20131 in the 19 games played from 1959\u201373."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "Even when World War II saw dozens of young players either enlist or be drafted, Cronin limited his playing appearances to cameo roles as a utility infielder and pinch-hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "His last year as a full-time player was 1941; after that year, he never played more than 76 games per season."}], "text": "Joe Cronin played MLB and was also 2 types of managers in it.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}], "id": "hQVoyZ8X17jspSj2gNow", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "\" Sheldrake rewards Bud with a further promotion, and fires Miss Olsen for what she told Fran."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The story follows C.C. \u201cBud\u201d Baxter (Lemmon), an insurance clerk who, in the hope of climbing the corporate ladder, lets more senior coworkers use his Upper West Side apartment to conduct extramarital affairs."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Art director Alexandre Trauner used forced perspective to create the set of a large insurance company office."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "C.C. \"Bud\" Baxter (Jack Lemmon) is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 1994, The Apartment was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 2002, a poll of film directors conducted by Sight and Sound magazine listed the film as the 14th greatest film of all time (tied with La Dolce Vita)."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}], "text": "The Apartment is a 1970's horror film about an insurance salesman dying in a fire.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Dench was born in Heworth, York."}], "id": "hX9f8Ue4yyRIlDRdy30a", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, Eleanora Olive (n\u00e9e Jones), was born in Dublin, Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench (1897\u20131964), a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin, where he was brought up."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Dench was born in Heworth, York."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He met Dench's mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dame Judith Olivia Dench  (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist, and author."}, {"section_header": "Career | Prominence", "text": "In 1989, Judi Dench starred in David Tucker's Behaving Badly for Channel 4, based on Catherine Heath's novel of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Honours and charity", "text": "She has been president of Questors Theatre, Ealing, London since 1985, where the main auditorium is known as The Judi Dench Playhouse, being the only theatre to bear her name."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "During these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951, 1954 and 1957."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Honours and charity", "text": "Dame Judi is also a long-standing and active Vice President of the national disabled people's charity Revitalise."}], "text": "Judi Dench was born in Dublin, Ireland.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Judi Dench"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "The Fadhail of Jerusalem inspired Muslims, especially during the Umayyad period, to embellish the sanctity of the city beyond its status in the holy texts."}], "id": "hXdxLjZC5yRFEPoRR713", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "Jerusalem was captured by the Crusaders in 1099, during the First Crusade."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Facade and porch", "text": "The second-hand material of the facade's arches includes sculpted, ornamental material taken from Crusader structures in Jerusalem."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "It was intended to be a gift for the mosque when Nur ad-Din would capture Jerusalem from the Crusaders and took six years to build (1168\u201374)."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "Nur ad-Din died and the Crusaders still controlled Jerusalem, but in 1187, Saladin captured the city and the minbar was installed."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In order to prepare the mosque for Friday prayers, within a week of his capture of Jerusalem Saladin had the toilets and grain stores installed by the Crusaders at"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "The mosque is located on the Temple Mount, referred to by Muslims today as the \"Haram al-Sharif\" (\"Noble Sanctuary\"), an enclosure expanded by King Herod the Great beginning in 20 BCE."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Facade and porch", "text": "The Crusaders damaged the facade, but it was restored and renovated by the Ayyubids."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "The mosque's interior is supported by 45 columns, 33 of which are white marble and 12 of stone."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "Most scholars agree that the mosque's reconstruction was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u0294\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6sd\u0292\u026ad \u00e6l\u02c8\u0294\u0251qs\u02e4\u0251] (listen), \"the Farthest Mosque\"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam."}, {"section_header": "Religious significance in Islam | Religious status", "text": "The Fadhail of Jerusalem inspired Muslims, especially during the Umayyad period, to embellish the sanctity of the city beyond its status in the holy texts."}], "text": "The Al-Aqsa Mosque's origin begins with the Crusaders and Jerusalem.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Political views and social interests", "text": "Dench was one of 200 celebrities to sign an open letter to the people of Scotland asking them to vote No to independence, published in August 2014, a few weeks before the Scottish referendum."}], "id": "hZdbosh0jMQ6Wf2aLyKb", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Honours and charity", "text": "She has been president of Questors Theatre, Ealing, London since 1985, where the main auditorium is known as The Judi Dench Playhouse, being the only theatre to bear her name."}, {"section_header": "Career | Prominence", "text": "In 1989, Judi Dench starred in David Tucker's Behaving Badly for Channel 4, based on Catherine Heath's novel of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "She stated in 2014, \"I'm tired of being told I'm too old to try something."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "During these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951, 1954 and 1957."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Honours and charity", "text": "Dame Judi is also a long-standing and active Vice President of the national disabled people's charity Revitalise."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132005", "text": "In 2002, Dench was cast opposite Rupert Everett, Colin Firth, and Reese Witherspoon in Oliver Parker's The Importance of Being Earnest, a comedy about mistaken identity set in English high society during the Victorian Era."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2018\u2013present", "text": "\"outrageously funny film\". In 2019, Dench presented a two-part nature documentary series for the ITV network called Judi Dench's Wild Borneo Adventure in which she and her partner travelled across the island, looking at its remarkable wildlife and efforts by conservationists to preserve it for future generations."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "She applied and was accepted by the School, then based at the Royal Albert Hall, London, where she was a classmate of Vanessa Redgrave, graduating and being awarded four acting prizes, including the Gold Medal as Outstanding Student."}, {"section_header": "Career | Popular success", "text": "Filmed with the intention of being shown on BBC One and on WGBH's Masterpiece Theatre, it was eventually acquired by Miramax mogul Harvey Weinstein, who felt the drama film should receive a theatrical release after seeing it and took it from the BBC to US cinemas."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2015\u20132017", "text": "The collaboration came about because the slang term \"dench\", which is used as a compliment, features in Bizzle's lyrics and on his clothing brand Stay Dench which Dench had previously helped to promote."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Political views and social interests", "text": "Dench was one of 200 celebrities to sign an open letter to the people of Scotland asking them to vote No to independence, published in August 2014, a few weeks before the Scottish referendum."}], "text": "Judi Dench deeply desires for the Scots to be free and capable of self-determination.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Judi Dench"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material."}], "id": "heSYEYFUb2OxOKIfQh7Q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The number of electrons also changes because of the probability that each photon results in an emitted electron are a function of photon energy."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The theory of the source of photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "doubled the number of electrons emitted from the surface."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The direction of distribution of emitted electrons peaks in the direction of polarization (the direction of the electric field) of the incident light, if it is linearly polarized."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Image sensors", "text": "Video camera tubes in the early days of television used the photoelectric effect, for example, Philo Farnsworth's \"Image dissector\" used a screen charged by the photoelectric effect to transform an optical image into a scanned electronic signal."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Stopping potential", "text": "another plate electrode Q collects any emitted electrons."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Spacecraft", "text": "The static charge created by the photoelectric effect is self-limiting, because a higher charged object doesn't give up its electrons as easily as a lower charged object does."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "The effect was impossible to understand in terms of the classical wave description of light, as the energy of the emitted electrons did not depend on the intensity of the incident radiation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material."}], "text": "Photoelectric effect does emit electrons.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Photoelectric effect"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ."}], "id": "hfkZAacERW633KVmjIQz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chariot race sequence", "text": "The \"pageantry\" sequence before the race begins is a shot-by-shot remake of the same sequence from the 1925 silent film version."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) originally announced a remake of the 1925 silent film Ben-Hur in December 1952, ostensibly as a way to spend its Italian assets."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence | Filming", "text": "The book Movie Mistakes claims this is a myth."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "The movie was filmed in a process known as \"MGM Camera 65\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "The screenplay differed more from the original novel than did the 1925 silent film version."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "The Ten Commandments, studio head Joseph Vogel announced in 1957 that MGM would again move forward on a remake of Ben-Hur."}, {"section_header": "Comic book adaptation", "text": "Sam Savitt \u2022 Drawn by Russ Manning) [ Authorized movie tie-in ]"}, {"section_header": "Release | Broadcast", "text": "It was one of the highest rated movies ever screened on television at the time (behind the broadcast premiere of Bridge on the River Kwai)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "Because the film could be adapted to the requirements of individual theaters, movie houses did not need to install special, expensive 70mm projection equipment."}], "text": "Ben-Hur was a remake of a previous silent movie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a designated hitter and third baseman for the Seattle Mariners from 1987 through 2004."}], "id": "hfnUKXLinmB4tO3HLBl6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Early career (1987\u20131989)", "text": "After the regular season, Mart\u00ednez played winter baseball in the Puerto Rican Baseball League."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a designated hitter and third baseman for the Seattle Mariners from 1987 through 2004."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Prospect", "text": "Mart\u00ednez made his professional debut in Minor League Baseball with the Bellingham Mariners of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League in 1983 as a third baseman."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez (born January 2, 1963), nicknamed \"Gar\" and \"Papi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and coach."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Martinez became inspired to play baseball after watching fellow Puerto Rican Roberto Clemente play in the 1971 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Prospect", "text": "He had a .173 batting average, zero home runs and only 18 hits."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Prospect", "text": "At the suggestion of the owner of his semiprofessional team, Mart\u00ednez attended a tryout held by the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Career year (1995) | The Double", "text": "The double entered baseball lore, referred to as \"The Double\", by Mariners fans."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Coaching (2015\u20132018)", "text": "Mart\u00ednez coached the Mariners through to the end of the 2018 season."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "Lefebvre moved Coles to the outfield and began playing Mart\u00ednez at third base."}], "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez was a professional baseball who played 18 seasons with the Mariners.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "As with most Heian literature, Genji was probably written mostly (or perhaps entirely) in kana (Japanese phonetic script) and not in kanji, because it was written by a woman for a female audience."}], "id": "hgAegu29DejwjAuXLC5b", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Completion", "text": "Opinions vary on whether this was intended by the author."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Kornicki, P. F., \"Unsuitable Books for Women? \" Genji Monogatari\" and \"Ise Monogatari\" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan\", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Murasaki Shikibu's own diary includes a reference to the tale, and indeed the application to herself of the name 'Murasaki' in an allusion to the main female character."}, {"section_header": "Structure | List of chapters", "text": "Later authors have composed additional chapters, most often either between 41 and 42, or after the end."}, {"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "As with most Heian literature, Genji was probably written mostly (or perhaps entirely) in kana (Japanese phonetic script) and not in kanji, because it was written by a woman for a female audience."}, {"section_header": "Completion", "text": "Ivan Morris, however, author of The World of the Shining Prince, believed that it was not complete and that later chapters were missing."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "It is generally accepted that the tale was finished in its present form by 1021, when the author of the Sarashina Nikki wrote a diary entry about her joy at acquiring a complete copy of the tale."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the \"world's first full-length novel\", even though its author is unknown."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "She writes that there are over 50 chapters and mentions a character introduced at the end of the work, so if other authors besides Murasaki Shikibu did work on the tale, the work was finished very near to the time of her writing."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi."}], "text": "The author is a female.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "The novel was adapted in Urdu for the Pakistan Television Network in the 1970s, under the title Teesra Kinara."}], "id": "hhgi7y9JmMkoVtnh2t3M", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success."}, {"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "The novel has been translated into more than 25 languages."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Philosophy", "text": "Peikoff used many quotes and examples from The Fountainhead in his 1991 book on Rand's philosophy, Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand."}, {"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "The Fountainhead was published on May 7, 1943, with 7,500 copies in the first printing."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "The novel was adapted in Urdu for the Pakistan Television Network in the 1970s, under the title Teesra Kinara."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "More than 6.5 million copies of The Fountainhead have been sold worldwide and it has been translated into more than 20 languages."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Philosophy", "text": "The Fountainhead does not contain this explicit philosophy, and Rand did not write the novel primarily to convey philosophical ideas."}, {"section_header": "History | Background and development", "text": "Rand began The Fountainhead (originally titled Second-Hand Lives) following the completion of her first novel, We the Living, in 1934."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Effect on Rand's career", "text": "Although Rand had some mainstream success previously with her play Night of January 16th and had two previously published novels, The Fountainhead was a major breakthrough in her career."}, {"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "Initial sales were slow, but they began to rise in late 1943, driven primarily by word of mouth."}], "text": "The 1943 novel The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand has been translated into Urdu.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Fountainhead"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel \"uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives\"."}], "id": "hi2GjzmVTNZIMKnf8kU5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel \"uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Opening", "text": "Lockwood's housekeeper Ellen (Nelly) Dean tells him the story of the strange family."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "The inner story is that of Nelly Dean, who transmits to Lockwood the history of the two families during the last two generations."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Nelly Dean examines the events retrospectively and attempts to report them as an objective eyewitness to Lockwood."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Thus, for example, Lockwood, the first narrator of the story, tells the story of Nelly, who herself tells the story of another character."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Nelly Dean: The main narrator of the novel, Nelly is a servant to three generations of the Earnshaws and two of the Linton family."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "The use of a character, like Nelly Dean is \"a literary device, a well-known convention taken from the Gothic novel, the function of which is to portray the events in a more mysterious and exciting manner\"."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "The frame story is that of Lockwood, who informs us of his meeting with the strange and mysterious \"family\" living in almost total isolation in the stony uncultivated land of northern England."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Earnshaw calls him  \"as dark almost as if it came from the devil\", and Nelly Dean asks of him \u201cWho knows but your father was Emperor of China, and your mother an Indian queen?\u201dCatherine Earnshaw: First introduced to the reader after her death, through Lockwood's discovery of her diary and carvings."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Books", "text": "The True Story of the Novel. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press."}], "text": "Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}], "id": "hidvV2XVdQ2HDE8jeNVw", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War devastated entire regions, resulting in high mortality from hunger and disease."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648."}, {"section_header": "Political consequences", "text": "From 1643 to 1645, during the last years of the war, Sweden and Denmark-Norway fought the Torstenson War."}, {"section_header": "The war in the Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Catalonia, Portugal (1640\u20131648)", "text": "For the next decade the Catalans fought under French vassalage, taking the initiative after Montju\u00efc."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "This dynastic concern overtook religious ones and led to Catholic France's participation on the otherwise Protestant side of the war."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war became less about religion and more of a continuation of the France\u2013Habsburg rivalry for European political pre-eminence and a Habsburg attempt to rebuild the imperial authority in Germany."}, {"section_header": "Origins of the war", "text": "The Peace of Augsburg (1555), signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, confirmed the result of the Diet of Speyer (1526), ending the war between German Lutherans and Catholics, and establishing that: Rulers of the 224 German states could choose the religion (Lutheranism or Catholicism) of their realms."}, {"section_header": "Peace of Westphalia (1648)", "text": "The end of the war was not brought about by one treaty, but instead by a group of treaties such as the Treaty of Hamburg."}, {"section_header": "Swedish intervention (1630\u20131635)", "text": "For that reason, the King Gustavus Adolphus enlisted support of the Russian Tsar Michael I, who also fought the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in hopes of regaining Smolensk."}, {"section_header": "Beginnings (1618\u20131625) | Huguenot rebellions", "text": "This involved a continued reliance on the Anglo-Dutch brigade as the main agency of English military participation against the Habsburgs, although regiments also fought for Sweden thereafter."}], "text": "The war was fought entirely on the basis of religion.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Thirty Years' War"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}], "id": "hj1vsckRhx82NXu3Y6Ux", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production", "text": "Art director Alexandre Trauner used forced perspective to create the set of a large insurance company office."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine."}, {"section_header": "Stage adaptation", "text": "In 1968, Burt Bacharach, Hal David and Neil Simon created a musical adaptation titled Promises, Promises which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre in New York City."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 1994, The Apartment was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 2002, a poll of film directors conducted by Sight and Sound magazine listed the film as the 14th greatest film of all time (tied with La Dolce Vita)."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1994, it was one of the 25 films selected for inclusion to the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2001, Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, and added it to his Great Movies list."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}], "text": "The Apartment is a drama film created by Stanley Kubrick.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Growing up, the La Russa family moved to West Tampa, Florida where Tony played American Legion baseball and PONY League baseball alongside teammate Lou Piniella."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After graduating from Jefferson High School in Tampa, La Russa was signed by the Kansas City Athletics in June, 1962 as a middle infielder, with a clause to pay for his college education."}], "id": "hj80IE7l0rTLQIwAVtTi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was raised in nearby Ybor  City, Florida, where his parents had met while both were working in the local cigar factory."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "With his All-Star Game 8\u20130 win in Kansas City, he became the first manager to win an All-Star Game in both leagues."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After graduating from Jefferson High School in Tampa, La Russa was signed by the Kansas City Athletics in June, 1962 as a middle infielder, with a clause to pay for his college education."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He managed his 2,500th win against the Royals at Kansas City on June 21, 2009, becoming only the third manager to attain that win level after Mack and McGraw."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Growing up, the La Russa family moved to West Tampa, Florida where Tony played American Legion baseball and PONY League baseball alongside teammate Lou Piniella."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "La Russa and second wife, Elaine, are the founders of Tony La Russa's Animal Rescue Foundation, headquartered in Walnut Creek, California, which saves abandoned and injured animals as well as running programs to bring dogs and cats to abused children, hospital patients, seniors and shut-ins."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "La Russa eventually filed a request to dismiss the suit, while Twitter, whether in regard to the suit or not, continued improving its privacy protections."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Chicago White Sox (1979\u20131986)", "text": "Tony La Russa is one of the most brilliant managers that I  ever encountered in my baseball career."}, {"section_header": "In other media", "text": "La Russa also provided the AI for a series of successful video games, Tony La Russa Baseball (1991\u20131997)."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He made it back up to the A's, which had since moved to Oakland, in 1968 and 1969."}], "text": "Tony La Russa continues to live in his birth city of Ybor City, Florida only moving out of the city when he was in the MLB,", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tony La Russa"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | Background", "text": "Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima."}], "id": "hmuZlGeZft57PDlOlB70", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Many of Vonnegut's recurring themes are prevalent in Cat's Cradle, most notably the issues of free will and man's relation to technology."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Style", "text": "Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme."}, {"section_header": "Bokononism", "text": "zah-mah-ki-bo \u2013 Inevitable destiny"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot summary", "text": "Newt reiterates the idea of the cat's cradle, implying that the game, with its invisible cat, is an appropriate symbol for nonsense and the meaninglessness of life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Theodore Sturgeon praised Cat's Cradle, describing its storyline as \"appalling, hilarious, shocking, and infuriating\", and concluded that \"this is an annoying book and you must read it."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Background", "text": "Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima."}], "text": "Kurt Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle has as its premise that travel to other planets is inevitable.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}], "id": "hphKkNzVvmkFoVeoHsvG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Slaughter was born in Roxboro, North Carolina, where he earned the nickname \"Country\", and joined the St. Louis Cardinals in 1938 before being traded to the New York Yankees in 1954."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 \u2013 August 12, 2002), nicknamed \"Country\", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "This play was named #10 on the Sporting News list of Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments in 1999."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "As a part-time starter for the Yankees, Slaughter batted fifth and played in left field in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series in which teammate Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2\u20130 Yankees win."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was \"a Southern boy\", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938\u20131942 and 1946\u20131959."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "During that period, he was a 10-time All-Star and played in five World Series."}, {"section_header": "Career | Major leagues", "text": "Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is noted primarily for his playing for the St. Louis Cardinals and is best known for scoring the winning run in Game 7 of the 1946 World Series."}], "text": "Enos Bradsher Slaughter played for the New York Yankees.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Enos Slaughter"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}], "id": "hqvKsA67yJ7AqLxSdL5d", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "The Tale of Genji was written in an archaic court language that was already unreadable a century after it was written."}, {"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "Because it was written to entertain the Japanese court of the eleventh century, the work presents many difficulties to modern readers."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The various manuscripts are classified into three categories: Kawachibon (\u6cb3\u5185\u672c) Aoby\u014dshibon (\u9752\u8868\u7d19\u672c) Beppon (\u5225\u672c)In the 13th century, two major attempts by Minamoto no Chikayuki and Fujiwara Teika were made to edit and revise the differing manuscripts."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "The debate over how much of Genji was actually written by Murasaki Shikibu has gone on for centuries and is unlikely to ever be settled unless some major archival discovery is made."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tale of Genji (\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e, Genji monogatari, pronounced [\u0261e\u0272d\u0291i mono\u0261a\ua71cta\u027ei]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu."}, {"section_header": "Literary context", "text": "As with most Heian literature, Genji was probably written mostly (or perhaps entirely) in kana (Japanese phonetic script) and not in kanji, because it was written by a woman for a female audience."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations", "text": "The most recently written (\"Genji and the Luck of the Sea\") dates from 2007."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations in other media", "text": "12th-century illustrated hand scroll, Genji Monogatari Emaki"}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi."}], "text": "It was written in the 13th century.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Alkan was born Charles-Valentin Morhange on 30 November 1813 at 1, Rue de Braque in Paris to Alkan Morhange (1780\u20131855) and Julie Morhange, n\u00e9e Abraham."}], "id": "hsSEZHnCqcSsAdY5q5Ey", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to \"a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848\"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Alkan was born Charles-Valentin Morhange on 30 November 1813 at 1, Rue de Braque in Paris to Alkan Morhange (1780\u20131855) and Julie Morhange, n\u00e9e Abraham."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At Charles-Valentin's piano audition on 6 October 1820, when he was nearly seven (and where he is named as \"Alkan (Morhange) Valentin\"), the examiners comment \"This child has amazing abilities."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [\u0283a\u0281l val\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303 alk\u0251\u0303]; 30 November 1813 \u2013 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At his solf\u00e8ge audition on 3 July 1819, when he was just over 5 years 7 months, the examiners noted Alkan (who is referred to even at this early date as \"Alkan (Valentin)\", and whose age is given incorrectly as six-and-a-half) as \"having a pretty little voice\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "At the same time, Alkan Morhange arranged concerts featuring Charles-Valentin at public venues in Paris, in association with leading musicians including the sopranos Giuditta Pasta and Henriette Sontag, the cellist Auguste Franchomme and the violinist Lambert Massart, with whom Alkan gave concerts in a rare visit out of France to Brussels in 1827."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "At an early age, Charles-Valentin and his siblings adopted their father's first name as their last (and were known by this during their studies at the Conservatoire de Paris and subsequent careers)."}, {"section_header": "Life | Family", "text": "Charles-Valentin was the second of six children \u2013 one elder sister and four younger brothers; his birth certificate indicates that he was named after a neighbour who witnessed the birth."}, {"section_header": "Life | Prodigy (1819\u20131831)", "text": "Antoine Marmontel, one of Charles-Valentin's pupils there, who was later to become his b\u00eate noire, wrote of the school: Young children, mostly Jewish, were given elementary musical instruction and also learnt the first rudiments of French grammar ... [There] I received a few lessons from the young Alkan, four years my senior ... I see once more ... that really parochial environment where the talent of Valentin Alkan was formed and where his hard-working youth blossomed ... It was like a preparatory school, a juvenile annexe of the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "Alkan was not always remote or aloof."}], "text": "Valentin Alkan is from Italy.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Valentin Alkan"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}], "id": "i4LoDM2TXC14nj8xX6Kh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "There are no authenticated cases of truly melanistic cougars."}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Melanistic cougars were neither photographed nor killed in the wild, and none have ever been bred."}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Unconfirmed sightings, known as the \"North American black panther\", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Bagheera in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling (1894) is a black Indian leopard that mentors the human character Mowgli."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 2009, a black jaguar was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 1801, F\u00e9lix de Azara described a black jaguar observed by local people near the Paran\u00e1 River in Paraguay."}], "text": "Black Panthers have been used in books and are cougars, jaguars and ocelots.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}], "id": "i4YrkQIIqMBKEks9dVem", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "For several days after the accident, doctors were unsure if Jennings would survive."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings retired to the Winyah Sanatorium in Asheville, North Carolina."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "During the 1925 season, McGraw was ill, and Jennings was put in full charge of the Giants."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "According to his obituary, Jennings \"was unable to report\" to spring training in 1926 due to his condition."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In the crash, Jennings again fractured his skull, suffered a concussion of the brain, and broke both legs and his left arm."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "The team finished in second place and the strain caught up with Jennings, who suffered a nervous breakdown when the season ended."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}], "text": "Jennings experienced a number of terrible mishaps in his lifetime.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Marketing", "text": "In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign."}], "id": "i7XL5sUS0HRTuIzOr3Vc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media | Merchandise", "text": "A variety of merchandise items is available from Showtime including an apron, bin bags, blood slide beverage coasters and key rings, drinking glasses, mugs, pens made to look like syringes of blood, posters, and T-shirts."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Games", "text": "A link was found in the room to a (fake) company called Sleep Superbly, which began an extensive Showtime-maintained alternate reality game that continued until Dexter's season-five premiere."}, {"section_header": "Cast and crew | Cast", "text": "Besides Hall playing the title character, the show's supporting cast includes Jennifer Carpenter as Dexter's adoptive sister and co-worker (and later boss) Debra, and James Remar as Dexter's adoptive father, Harry Morgan."}, {"section_header": "Theme song and series music", "text": "\"Blood Theme\" (Daniel Licht) \u2013 2:25"}, {"section_header": "Cast and crew | Cast", "text": "Dexter's co-workers include Lauren V\u00e9lez as Lieutenant (later Captain) Mar\u00eda LaGuerta, Dexter and Debra's supervisor, David Zayas as Detective Sergeant (later Lieutenant) Angel Batista, and C. S. Lee"}, {"section_header": "Theme song and series music", "text": "\"Blood\" (Michael C. Hall, Daniel Licht) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Cast and crew | Cast", "text": "Notable appearances in season one are Christian Camargo as Rudy and Mark Pellegrino as Rita's abusive ex-husband Paul."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | Association with real crimes", "text": "Association was established between Mark Twitchell, of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, during his first-degree murder trial, and the character of Dexter Morgan."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Dexter: Early Cuts", "text": "Dexter: Early Cuts is an animated web series that premiered on October 25, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Cast and crew | Cast", "text": "as lab tech Vince Masuka (promoted to title credits in season two)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Marketing", "text": "In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign."}], "text": "A promotion for Dexter's premiere in the United Kingdom included letters marked with blood in the shape of a hand.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dexter (TV series)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007."}], "id": "iCZ4cI4N6g2rlciEAyHU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publishing history | Overview", "text": "Books in the A Song of Ice and Fire series are first published in hardcover and are later re-released as paperback editions."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin."}, {"section_header": "Derived works | Television series", "text": "With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Genre", "text": "Martin classified A Song of Ice and Fire as \"epic fantasy\", and specifically named Tad Williams' high fantasy epic Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn as very influential for the writing of the series."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Sales", "text": "The reported overall sales figures of the A Song of Ice and Fire series vary."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Sales", "text": "Before it even premiered, the TV series had boosted sales of the book series, with A Song of Ice and Fire approaching triple-digit growth in year-on-year sales."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | First three novels (1991\u20132000)", "text": "Martin chose A Song of Ice and Fire as the overall series title: Martin saw the struggle of the cold Others and the fiery dragons as one possible meaning for \"Ice and Fire\", whereas the word \"song\" had previously appeared in Martin's book titles A Song for Lya and Songs"}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Martin explores the questions of redemption and character change in the A Song of Ice and Fire series."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration and writing | Writing process", "text": "However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020."}, {"section_header": "Publishing history | Planned novels and future | TV series and other writings", "text": "He prefers to write stories about characters from other A Song of Ice and Fire periods of history such as his Tales of Dunk and Egg project, instead of continuing the series directly."}], "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic books that later became a movie series.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Song of Ice and Fire"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for 23 major league seasons as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and California Angels."}], "id": "iClVeGHMUUSYGbhXnopl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Donald Howard Sutton (born April 2, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "After spending 15 straight years with Los Angeles from 1966 to 1980, Sutton had pitched for five different teams in his last eight seasons."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Claire said that Sutton's stamina was a major consideration in the move, as the team was looking for pitchers who could last more than five or six innings per start."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Don Sutton Ball Park in Molino was named in his honor."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "I don't know who are the prospects we are getting, but I would think Don Sutton would bring a big name, a real big name."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "On the 1966 Dodgers, Sutton was the fourth starting pitcher in a rotation that included Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale and Claude Osteen."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "He was reluctant to report to the team, as he was hoping to play for a team in Southern California so that he could live at home with his family."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career", "text": "Sutton has also broadcast golf and served as a pre- and post-game analyst for NBC's coverage of the 1983 and 1987 American League Championship Series."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Sutton attended J. M. Tate High School where he played baseball, basketball, and football."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "Sutton was selected to the Major League Baseball All-Star Game four times in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for 23 major league seasons as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and California Angels."}], "text": "Don Sutton played for five American baseball teams.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Don Sutton"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "The decision to cast Redgrave as F\u00e9nelon was, however, a source of controversy."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In light of Redgrave's support for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), F\u00e9nelon objected to her casting."}], "id": "iCrfdLNJJPYMXA3l7t0M", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Redgrave was made a Commander (CBE) of the Order of the British Empire in 1967."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "During a June 2005 interview on Larry King Live, Redgrave was challenged on this criticism and on her political views."}, {"section_header": "Career | The 1970s and political controversy", "text": "Her remarks brought an outraged on-stage response from screenwriter and Academy Award presenter Paddy Chayefsky, and sparked controversy."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In December 2007, Redgrave was named as one of the possible suretors who paid the \u00a350,000 bail for Jamil al-Banna, one of three British residents arrested after landing back in the UK following four years' captivity at Guantanamo Bay."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "The decision to cast Redgrave as F\u00e9nelon was, however, a source of controversy."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career | Theatre", "text": "For this, she won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Reportedly, she declined a damehood in 1999.Redgrave describes herself as a person of faith, and attends a Catholic church."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "\"In March 2006, Redgrave remarked in an interview with US broadcast journalist Amy Goodman: \"I don't know of a single government that actually abides by international human rights law, not one, including my own."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "\"In June 2006, she was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the Transilvania International Film Festival, one of whose sponsors is a mining company named Gabriel Resources."}, {"section_header": "Career | The 1970s and political controversy", "text": "Redgrave funded and narrated a documentary film, The Palestinian (1977), about the situation of the Palestinians and the activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "In light of Redgrave's support for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), F\u00e9nelon objected to her casting."}], "text": "Redgrave has remained publicly neutral on any of her personal political views in order to avoid controversy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Vanessa Redgrave"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "As holding prisoners was originally an incidental role of the Tower \u2013 as would have been the case for any castle \u2013 there was no purpose-built accommodation for prisoners until 1687 when a brick shed, a \"Prison for Soldiers\", was built to the north-west of the White Tower."}], "id": "iE4KwoTSe59LsyfS0ElH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a  historic  castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "As holding prisoners was originally an incidental role of the Tower \u2013 as would have been the case for any castle \u2013 there was no purpose-built accommodation for prisoners until 1687 when a brick shed, a \"Prison for Soldiers\", was built to the north-west of the White Tower."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "From 1547 onwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "The Tower was often a safer place than other prisons in London such as the Fleet, where disease was rife."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "Since 1990, the Tower of London has been cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "Most of the early Norman castles were built from timber, but by the end of the 11th century a few, including the Tower of London, had been renovated or replaced with stone."}, {"section_header": "Later Medieval Period", "text": "During this period, the Tower of London held many noble prisoners of war."}, {"section_header": "Changing use", "text": "He was the last state prisoner to be held at the castle."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "In The Tower of London: A Historical Romance he created a vivid image of underground torture chambers and devices for extracting confessions that stuck in the public imagination."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite."}], "text": "The Tower of London, a historic castle in London, was built to be used as a prison.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}], "id": "iFGa62Y6c9UaUq02YYcR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "The New York and Brooklyn Bridge was opened for use on May 24, 1883."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Caissons", "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Nearing completion", "text": "By early 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was considered mostly completed and was projected to open that June."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Public transit service began with the opening of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Railway, a cable car service, on September 25, 1883."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "The bridge had cost US$15.5 million in 1883 dollars (about US$411,589,000 in 2019) to build, of which Brooklyn paid two-thirds."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction | Opposition", "text": "The Supreme Court decided in 1883 that the Brooklyn Bridge was a lawful structure."}, {"section_header": "History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades", "text": "The segment of the BQE from Brooklyn Bridge south to Atlantic Avenue opened in June 1954, but the direct ramp from the northbound BQE to the Manhattan-bound Brooklyn Bridge did not open until 1959."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "The bonds to fund the construction would not be paid off until 1956."}], "text": "Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge dates back to 1870 but the bridge did not open until 1883.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "With a family history of tuberculosis, he was forbidden to play sports."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Richard was twelve years old when a spot was found on his lung."}], "id": "iFWdupsOZIEdXHZzgSe3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary education", "text": "Harold had been diagnosed with tuberculosis the previous year; when their mother took him to Arizona in the hopes of improving his health, the demands on Richard increased, causing him to give up football."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Return to public life", "text": "I screwed it up. I screwed it up. Mea culpa. But let's get on to my achievements."}, {"section_header": "Books", "text": "Nixon, Richard M. (1978) RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-70741-8"}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | China", "text": "Nixon followed up by sending Kissinger to China for clandestine meetings with Chinese officials."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had ruled in medieval or legendary Britain; Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "Richard Nixon was buried beside his wife Pat on the grounds of the Nixon Library."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "Her funeral services were held on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "In 1978, Nixon published his memoirs, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, the first of ten books"}, {"section_header": "Books", "text": "Nixon, Richard M. (1980) The Real War, Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd."}, {"section_header": "Death and funeral", "text": "Mourners waited in line for up to eight hours in chilly, wet weather to pay their respects."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "With a family history of tuberculosis, he was forbidden to play sports."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Richard was twelve years old when a spot was found on his lung."}], "text": "Richard Nixon was an athlete growing up.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}], "id": "iHzMZommWXioCnLrv8qQ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The English army does not appear to have had a significant number of archers."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000\u20138,000 English troops."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The fyrd and the housecarls both fought on foot, with the major difference between them being the housecarls' superior armour."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "It was rare for the whole national fyrd to be called out; between 1046 and 1065 it was only done three times, in 1051, 1052, and 1065."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The English victory came at great cost, as Harold's army was left in a battered and weakened state."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The English army was organised along regional lines, with the fyrd, or local levy, serving under a local magnate \u2013 whether an earl, bishop, or sheriff."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The composition of the forces is clearer; the English army was composed almost entirely of infantry and had few archers, whereas only about half of the invading force was infantry, the rest split equally between cavalry and archers."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "The English army consisted entirely of infantry."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "Harold had spent mid-1066 on the south coast with a large army and fleet waiting for William to invade."}], "text": "The battle was between Norman-French and English armies.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "As a result, Kishimoto apologized to readers for this since volume 43 was more expensive than regular volumes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "\" Because of wishing to end the arc involving Sasuke Uchiha search for his brother, Itachi, in a single volume, Kishimoto decided that volume 43 should include more chapters than regular volumes."}], "id": "iKaad0tIR8D1ibjO8jPj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Commercial performance", "text": "In 2010, Viz, the publisher, commented on the loyalty of readers, who reliably continued to buy the manga as the volume count went over 40.In April 2007, volume 14 earned Viz the Manga Trade Paperback of the Year"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has become one of Viz Media's best-selling manga series; their English translations of the volumes have appeared on USA Today and The New York Times bestseller list several times, and the seventh volume won a Quill Award in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "As a result, Kishimoto apologized to readers for this since volume 43 was more expensive than regular volumes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "\" Because of wishing to end the arc involving Sasuke Uchiha search for his brother, Itachi, in a single volume, Kishimoto decided that volume 43 should include more chapters than regular volumes."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Manga", "text": "In a review of volume 28 Brienza also praised Part II's storyline and characterization, though she commented that not every volume reached a high level of quality."}, {"section_header": "Commercial performance", "text": "The volume had one of the biggest debut weeks of any manga in years, becoming the top-selling manga volume of 2008 and the second best-selling book in North America."}, {"section_header": "Merchandise | Art and guidebooks", "text": "Part I of the manga, and were released in 2002 and 2005; the third and fourth volumes appeared in 2008 and 2014."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Themes", "text": "Foxes (kitsune tsuki) are tricksters in Japanese mythology, and in some stories they take over human bodies; Plumb comments on the obvious similarities to the Nine-Tail sealed in Naruto, and the pranks Naruto plays."}, {"section_header": "Production | Characters", "text": "He found it difficult to write about romance, but emphasized it more in Part II of the manga, beginning with volume 28."}], "text": "The series has over 40 volumes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Naruto"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public image", "text": "She won the 2015 Guinness World Record for most Twitter followers, and became the first person to gain 100 million followers on the site in June 2017."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that the singer is \"the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats.\" With a combined total of over 269 million followers across Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, she is the fifth most followed musician across social media."}], "id": "iLzp74hpSy2urcmN3ivD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public image", "text": "On social media, Perry surpassed Justin Bieber as the most followed person on Twitter in November 2013."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that the singer is \"the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats.\" With a combined total of over 269 million followers across Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, she is the fifth most followed musician across social media."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "In June 2017, Time listed Perry among its \"25 Most Influential People on the Internet\" of the year, writing that her live-stream for Witness was \"blazing a trail\" for being \"the closest any major entertainer has come to giving fans the kind of 'real' intimacy that social media purports to provide\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In film, she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry: Part of Me in 2012, and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs and its sequel in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Tours", "text": "Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "She won the 2015 Guinness World Record for most Twitter followers, and became the first person to gain 100 million followers on the site in June 2017."}], "text": "In 2013, Katy Perry signed an agreement with Facebook to exclusively use that social media site to interact with her fans.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves."}], "id": "iS0bL6prWxPIwIh8xmbM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One night, Ralph and Piggy decide to go to one of Jack's feasts."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One night, an aerial battle occurs near the island while the boys sleep, during which a fighter pilot ejects from his plane and dies in the descent."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Television", "text": "The episode is about Bart Simpson and his class getting stuck on an island and trying to form a society."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "a conch, which Ralph uses as a horn to convene all the survivors to one area."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One day while he is there, Jack and his followers erect an offering to the beast nearby: a pig's head, mounted on a sharpened stick and soon swarming with scavenging flies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Parallels have been drawn between the \"Lord of the Flies\" and an actual incident from 1965 when a group of schoolboys who sailed a fishing boat from Tonga were hit by a storm and marooned on the uninhabited island of \u02bbAta, considered dead by their relatives in Nuku\u2018alofa."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2005, the novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ralph angrily confronts Jack about his failure to maintain the signal; in frustration Jack assaults Piggy, breaking one of the lenses of his glasses."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At one point, Jack summons all of his hunters to hunt down a wild pig, drawing away those assigned to maintain the signal fire."}], "text": "Lord of the Flies is a story of a group of boys who are on a stuck on an  island.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Lord of the Flies"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC."}], "id": "iTonKZifWAWs8K1PNWLy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "The Iliad was also the first full epic poem to be translated to Arabic from a foreign language, upon the publication of Al-Boustani's complete work in 1904."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "While the Homeric poems (particularly, the Iliad) were not necessarily revered scripture of the ancient Greeks, they were most certainly seen as guides that were important to the intellectual understanding of any educated Greek citizen."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gods | Divine intervention", "text": "they are familiar with. This connection of emotions to actions is just one example out of many that occur throughout the poem."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gods | Divine intervention", "text": "In the final book of the poem Homer writes, \u201cHe offended Athena and Hera\u2014both goddesses.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "Ultimately, while Homeric (or epic) fighting is certainly not completely replicated in later Greek warfare, many of its ideals, tactics, and instruction are."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Homer also came to be of great influence in European culture with the resurgence of interest in Greek antiquity during the Renaissance, and it remains the first and most influential work of the Western canon."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture | 20th century arts", "text": "Simone Weil wrote the essay \"The Iliad or the Poem of Force\" in 1939, shortly after the commencement of World War II."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "The masculine one-on-one fighting of epic is manifested in phalanx fighting on the emphasis of holding one's position in formation."}], "text": "The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem that is one of the oldest complete pieces of writings that came out of the western world  hundreds of years before christ entered.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician."}], "id": "iWq73hbW3OH1VOWYaefz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career", "text": "was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Producer Scott Rudin has stated that \"basically Johnny Depp is playing Tim Burton in all his movies\"; although Burton disapproved of the comment, Depp agrees with it."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "The film was based on a Gothic soap opera of the same name, which had aired in 1966\u20131971 and had been one of his favorites as a child."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Production company", "text": "The company's first production came in 2011 with The Rum Diary, adapted from the novel of the same name by Hunter S. Thompson."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Kenneth Branagh directed the film, an adaptation of the classic novel of the same name by Agatha Christie, and also played detective Hercule Poirot."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "He portrayed Joseph D. Pistone, an undercover FBI Agent who assumes the name 'Donnie Brasco' in order to infiltrate the mafia in New York City."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp's choice to portray Tonto, a Native American character, in The Lone Ranger was criticized, along with his choice to name his rock band \"Tonto's Giant Nuts\"."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "Depp was a fan and friend of writer Hunter S. Thompson, and played his alter ego Raoul Duke in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Terry Gilliam's film adaptation of Thompson's pseudobiographical novel of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "The Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Depp has gained critical praise for his portrayals of inept screenwriter-director Ed Wood in the film of the same name (1994), undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone in Donnie Brasco (1997), author J. M. Barrie in Finding Neverland (2004) and Boston gangster"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician."}], "text": "Johnny Depp is named after his father.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Name", "text": "He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel."}], "id": "iX2k2qUqJ5CIXgBxwlcv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Name", "text": "He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "Later Old French historians dubbed him Charles le Magne (Charles the Great), becoming Charlemagne in English after the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "Charles' achievements gave a new meaning to his name."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Formation of a new Aquitaine", "text": "The French name, Gascony, derives from Vasconia."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "The epithet Carolus Magnus was widely used, leading to numerous translations into many languages of Europe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "This development parallels that of the name of the Caesars in the original Roman Empire, which became kaiser and tsar (or czar), among others."}, {"section_header": "Beatification", "text": "He is not enumerated among the 28 saints named \"Charles\" in the Roman Martyrology."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "In many languages of Europe, the very word for \"king\" derives from his name; e.g., Polish: kr\u00f3l, Ukrainian: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c (korol'), Czech: kr\u00e1l, Slovak: kr\u00e1\u013e, Hungarian: kir\u00e1ly, Lithuanian: karalius, Latvian: karalis, Russian: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, Macedonian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b, Bulgarian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b, Romanian: crai, Serbo-Croatian: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459/kralj, Turkish: kral."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "The Merovingian dynasty was thereby replaced by the Carolingian dynasty, named after Charles Martel."}], "text": "Charlemagne was named Charles in French or English and Carolus in Latin.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early life, 1882\u20131901", "text": "Igor was the third of their four sons; his brothers were Roman, Yury, and Gury."}], "id": "iZPugWTkNhXYm5ot4KsJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Russian period (c. 1907\u20131919)", "text": "According to Taruskin, Stravinsky's second ballet for the Ballet Russes, Petrushka, is where \"Stravinsky at last became Stravinsky."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "A fictionalization of the supposed affair formed the basis of the novel Coco and Igor (2002) and a film, Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the United States, 1939\u20131971 | 1945\u20131968", "text": "In 1966, Stravinsky completed his last major work, the Requiem Canticles."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1923, Erik Satie wrote an article about Igor Stravinsky in Vanity Fair."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ballets for Diaghilev and international fame, 1909\u20131920", "text": "Diaghilev commissioned Stravinsky to score a second ballet for the 1911 Paris season."}, {"section_header": "Recordings and publications", "text": "Igor Stravinsky found recordings a practical and useful tool in preserving his thoughts on the interpretation of his music."}, {"section_header": "Music | Neoclassical period (c. 1920\u20131954)", "text": "In 1951, he completed his last neoclassical work, the opera"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life, 1882\u20131901", "text": "Igor was the third of their four sons; his brothers were Roman, Yury, and Gury."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ballets for Diaghilev and international fame, 1909\u20131920", "text": "In September, they moved to Clarens, Switzerland where their second son, Sviatoslav (Soulima), was born."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "There were reports of fistfights in the audience and the need for a police presence during the second act."}], "text": "Igor Stravinsky was second last among his 4 siblings.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Igor Stravinsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee, who takes on various aliases, from the U.S. to Mexico, eventually to Tangier and the dreamlike Interzone."}], "id": "iZrwh5fkfkQvmdveV9wv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Editions", "text": "Upon publication, Grove Press added to the book supplementary material regarding the censorship battle as well as an article written by Burroughs on the topic of drug addiction."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The vignettes (which Burroughs called \"routines\") are drawn from Burroughs' own experiences in these places and his addiction to drugs: heroin, morphine and, while in Tangier, majoun (a strong hashish confection), as well as a German opioid with the brand name Eukodol (oxycodone), of which he wrote frequently."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch (the restored text ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and reception", "text": "Naked Lunch is considered Burroughs' seminal work."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and reception", "text": ", Naked Lunch also protests the death penalty."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "When Lee asks for Hauser instead, the reply is identical; Lee hangs up, and goes on the run once again."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Naked Lunch is a non-linear narrative without a clear plot."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee, who takes on various aliases, from the U.S. to Mexico, eventually to Tangier and the dreamlike Interzone."}], "text": "Naked Lunch is about a drug addict who assumes multiple identities.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Naked Lunch"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, had served as a lieutenant colonel and engineer in the Department of Mines, and would manage the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks."}], "id": "iazsO8bYlJTVH2TODhgU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons with Rudolph K\u00fcndinger and questioned him about a musical career for his son."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Tchaikovsky's father, who had also contracted cholera but recovered fully, sent him back to school immediately in the hope that classwork would occupy the boy's mind."}, {"section_header": "Life | Belyayev circle and growing reputation", "text": "The following year, the University of Cambridge in England awarded Tchaikovsky an honorary Doctor of Music degree."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's \"strongest, longest and purest love\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, had served as a lieutenant colonel and engineer in the Department of Mines, and would manage the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (n\u00e9 Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka."}, {"section_header": "Music | Reception | Dedicatees and collaborators", "text": "Tchaikovsky's relationship with collaborators was mixed."}, {"section_header": "Life | Civil service; pursuing music", "text": "Nor did he change his opinion as Tchaikovsky's reputation grew."}], "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's father was a doctor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "He was buried in London. 18 years later in December 1844 his remains were transferred to the family burial plot in the Old Catholic Cemetery (Alter Katholischer Friedhof) in Dresden at the side of his youngest son Alexander, who at the age of 19 had died of measles seven weeks before."}], "id": "ib2V0LD7x2FXt2lyxuve", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "So Mozart's wife was a cousin of Carl Maria von Weber."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Carl Maria von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 \u2013  5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, and was one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Homage has been paid to Weber by 20th-century composers such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Mahler (who completed Weber's unfinished comic opera Die drei Pintos and made revisions of Euryanthe and Oberon) and Hindemith (composer of the popular Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, based on lesser-known keyboard works and the incidental music to Turandot)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "Carl Maria was arrested and charged with embezzlement and bribery."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "Carl Maria composed his third opera Peter Schmoll"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "After moving to Salzburg (autumn 1797) Carl Maria studied with Michael Haydn (starting 1798), the younger brother of Joseph Haydn, who agreed to teach Carl Maria free of charge."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "Franz Anton gave Carl Maria a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's frequent moves."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Education", "text": "In 1796, Carl Maria continued his musical education in Hildburghausen, where he was instructed by the oboist Johann Peter Heuschkel."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Childhood", "text": "He was baptized Catholic on November 20, 1786 to the name Carl Friedrich Ernst, the second name Maria appeared only later."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early career 1804\u20131810", "text": "Vogler recommended his 17-year-old pupil Carl Maria to the post of Director at the Breslau Opera in 1804, who was offered and accepted the mission."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later career 1810\u20131826", "text": "He was buried in London. 18 years later in December 1844 his remains were transferred to the family burial plot in the Old Catholic Cemetery (Alter Katholischer Friedhof) in Dresden at the side of his youngest son Alexander, who at the age of 19 had died of measles seven weeks before."}], "text": "Carl Maria von Weber's bones were disinterred and reinterred.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Carl Maria von Weber"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Cultural sensation", "text": "\" Historian Mark Sullivan later claimed that, with the auspicious debut of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band,\" Berlin abruptly had \"lifted ragtime from the depths of sordid dives to the apotheosis of fashionable vogue.\" Although not a traditional ragtime song, the positive international reception of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" in 1911 led to a musical and dance revival known as \"the Ragtime Craze."}], "id": "ihXXvDE0SIWvvVxN14QY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" is a Tin Pan Alley song by American composer Irving Berlin released in 1911 and is often inaccurately cited as his first global hit."}, {"section_header": "History | Cultural sensation", "text": "The charismatic, trendsetting duo frequently danced to Berlin's \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" and his other \"modernist\" compositions."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "\"In 1937, Irving Berlin was approached by 20th Century Fox to write a story treatment for an upcoming film tentatively entitled Alexander's Ragtime Band."}, {"section_header": "History | Cultural sensation", "text": "\" Historian Mark Sullivan later claimed that, with the auspicious debut of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band,\" Berlin abruptly had \"lifted ragtime from the depths of sordid dives to the apotheosis of fashionable vogue.\" Although not a traditional ragtime song, the positive international reception of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" in 1911 led to a musical and dance revival known as \"the Ragtime Craze."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Berlin's \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" was introduced to the American public by vaudville comedienne Emma Carus, \"one of the great stars of the period.\" A popular singer in the 1907 Ziegfeld Follies and Broadway features"}, {"section_header": "Lyrical implications", "text": "\"He's A Rag Picker. \" The song features a verse in which a \"black character\" named Mose claims authorship of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band.\" Although the 1911 sheet music cover drawn by artist John Frew depicts the band's musicians as either white or biracial, Berlin's \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\"\u2014and his earlier 1910 composition \"Alexander and His Clarinet\"\u2014employ certain idiomatic expressions (\"oh, ma honey,\" \"honey lamb\") and vernacular English (\"bestest band what am\") in the lyrics to indicate to the listener that the characters in the song should be understood to be African-American."}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "For the next half-century, Berlin was incensed by the allegation that a \"'black boy'  [sic] had written 'Alexander's Ragtime Band'."}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "\" A relative of John Stillwell Stark, Joplin's music publisher, asserted \"the publication of 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' brought Joplin to tears because it was his [own] composition.\" As writer Edward A. Berlin notes in his work King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era: \"There were rumors heard throughout Tin Pan Alley to the effect that 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' had actually been written by a black man [Scott Joplin], and even a quarter-century later [composer]"}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "When 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' came out, Joplin said, 'That's my tune.'\" Joplin's widow claimed that, \"after Scott had finished writing [Treemonisha], and while he was showing it around, hoping to get it published, [Berlin] stole the theme, and made it into a popular song."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "Consequently, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" had a dozen hit covers within the half-a-century prior to 1960.Decades later, reflecting upon the song's unlikely success"}], "text": "Irving Berlin's song, Alexander's Ragtime Band, spawned the rejuvenation of the ragtime genre.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Alexander's Ragtime Band"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian (; Latin: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus; 24 January 76 \u2013 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138."}, {"section_header": "Final years", "text": "Hadrian spent the final years of his life at Rome."}], "id": "ija9GNVNbZNVeBHSg9s0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "Hadrian's last few years were marked by conflict and unhappiness."}, {"section_header": "Final years", "text": "Hadrian spent the final years of his life at Rome."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian's last years were marred by chronic illness."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Return to Italy and trip to Africa (126\u2013128)", "text": "Hadrian returned to Italy in the summer of 128 but his stay was brief, as he set off on another tour that would last three years."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Hadrian died in the year 138 on 10 July, in his villa at Baiae at the age of 62."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Second Roman\u2013Jewish War (132\u2013136)", "text": "He then returned to Rome, probably in that year and almost certainly \u2013 judging from inscriptions \u2013 via Illyricum."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities", "text": "During Hadrian's third and last trip to the Greek East, there seems to have been an upwelling of religious fervour, focused on Hadrian himself."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Soon after, his remains were transferred to Rome and buried in the Gardens of Domitia, close by the almost-complete mausoleum."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Upon completion of the Tomb of Hadrian in Rome in 139 by his successor Antoninus Pius, his body was cremated, and his ashes were placed there together with those of his wife Vibia Sabina and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138."}, {"section_header": "Final years", "text": "In 134, he took an Imperial salutation for the end of the Second Jewish War (which was not actually concluded until the following year)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hadrian (; Latin: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus; 24 January 76 \u2013 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138."}], "text": "Hadrian lived his last years in Rome.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Burton,  (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 \u2013 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor."}], "id": "ikllTFhlfvJhPoQ2KXSp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Rise through the ranks and film debut (1948\u20131951)", "text": "manly bearing and good looks\" and film critic Philip French of The Guardian called it an \"impressive movie debut\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | Setback in films and on-stage fame (1955\u20131959)", "text": "It was then that film producer and screenwriter Milton Sperling offered Burton to star alongside Helen Hayes and Susan Strasberg in Patricia Moyes' adaptation of Jean Anoulih's play, Time Remembered (L\u00e9ocadia in the original French version)."}, {"section_header": "Personal views", "text": "but I simply cannot. \"Burton admired and was inspired by the actor and dramatist Emlyn Williams."}, {"section_header": "Career | Hollywood and The Old Vic (1952\u20131954)", "text": "The film earned Burton the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actor and his first Academy Award nomination in the Best Supporting Actor category."}, {"section_header": "Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960\u20131969)", "text": "Do you want to be a great actor or a household word?\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | Hollywood and The Old Vic (1952\u20131954)", "text": "The role subsequently went to Marlon Brando for which he earned a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In response to criticism from the British government, Burton remarked: \"I believe that everyone should pay them \u2014except actors.\" Burton lived there until his death."}, {"section_header": "Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960\u20131969)", "text": "Its success  led to Burton being called \"The King of Broadway\", and he went on to receive the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical."}, {"section_header": "Career | Hollywood and The Old Vic (1952\u20131954)", "text": "The Los Angeles Daily News reviewer stated \"young Burton registers with an intense performance that stamps him as an actor of great potential\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | Setback in films and on-stage fame (1955\u20131959)", "text": "In January 1956, the London Evening Standard honoured Burton by presenting to him its Theatre Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Henry V."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Burton,  (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 \u2013 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor."}], "text": "Burton was a French actor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Burton"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}], "id": "irCcBlvSYsPumbUzUgWO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin holds the record for career home runs at Yankee Stadium (1923\u20132008) by a visiting player, with 32."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "He hit .300 or better in 11 seasons in his career."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin finished his career after 18 major league seasons with a .316 batting average and a .500 slugging percentage."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin rounded the bases with an inside-the-park home run."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "The Tigers ended up releasing Goslin after his .238 season, and Goslin later recounted (in \"The Glory of Their Times\") that he received a call from his old boss, Clark Griffith, asking him if he'd be interested in ending his career back where it began in Washington."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Goslin was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968, along with Kiki Cuyler, by the Veterans Committee."}, {"section_header": "Goslin's years with the Browns and return to the Senators", "text": "Goslin batted .326 with a career-high .652 slugging percentage for the Browns in 1930."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}], "text": "Goose Goslin did run a restaurant after his baseball career.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a homosexual artist."}], "id": "it49Xp2glNzgP52ak69p", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks, who co-wrote it with Mark Andrus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a homosexual artist."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nicholson and Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively, making As Good as It Gets the most recent film to win both of the lead acting awards, and the first since 1991's The Silence of the Lambs."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "While Roger Ebert gave the film three stars (out of four), he called the film a \"compromise, a film that forces a smile onto material that doesn't wear one easily,\" writing that the film drew \"back to story formulas,\" but had good dialogue and performances."}, {"section_header": "Accolades", "text": "Musical or Comedy. The film was nominated for and received many film awards, including Best Actor and Best Actress awards for Nicholson and Hunt at the 70th Academy Awards and the 55th Golden Globe Awards ceremony."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "As Good as It Gets was a box office hit, opening at number three at the box office (behind Titanic and Tomorrow Never Dies) with $12.6 million, and eventually earning over $148 million domestically and $314 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "\"Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 85% of professional critics gave the film a positive review based on 79 reviews, with its consensus stating: \"James L. Brooks and Jack Nicholson, doing what they do best, combine smart dialogue and flawless acting to squeeze fresh entertainment value out of the romantic-comedy genre.\" Metacritic gave the film a score of 67 out of 100, based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "It is Jack Nicholson's second highest earning film, behind Batman."}, {"section_header": "Accolades", "text": "It was nominated for a Best Picture Oscar and won Best Picture\u2013Music or Comedy at the Golden Globes."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "The Washington Post critic Desson Howe gave a generally negative review of the film, writing that it \"gets bogged down in sentimentality, while its wheels spin futilely in life-solving overdrive."}], "text": "The 1997 comedy As Good as It Gets stars Jack Nicholson.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "As Good as It Gets"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Hadrian died in the year 138 on 10 July, in his villa at Baiae at the age of 62."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Upon completion of the Tomb of Hadrian in Rome in 139 by his successor Antoninus Pius, his body was cremated, and his ashes were placed there together with those of his wife Vibia Sabina and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138."}], "id": "j0T64oRr62gGrTOw7ro0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final years", "text": "The Historia Augusta biography states that Hadrian himself declared that his wife's \"ill-temper and irritability\" would be reason enough for a divorce"}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "In 137 he may have attempted a coup in which his grandfather was implicated; Hadrian ordered that both be put to death."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Hadrian died in the year 138 on 10 July, in his villa at Baiae at the age of 62."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Return to Italy and trip to Africa (126\u2013128)", "text": "Back in Rome, he saw the rebuilt Pantheon, and his completed villa at nearby Tibur, among the Sabine Hills."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Africa, Parthia and Anatolia; Antinous (123\u2013124)", "text": "At about this time, plans to complete the Temple of Zeus in Cyzicus, begun by the kings of Pergamon, were put into practice."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Death", "text": "Upon completion of the Tomb of Hadrian in Rome in 139 by his successor Antoninus Pius, his body was cremated, and his ashes were placed there together with those of his wife Vibia Sabina and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138."}, {"section_header": "Final years | Arranging the succession", "text": "When he eventually became Emperor, Marcus Aurelius would co-opt Ceionius Commodus as his co-Emperor, under the name of Lucius Verus, on his own initiative."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "When Apollodorus pointed out the building's various insoluble problems and faults, Hadrian was enraged, sent him into exile and later put him to death on trumped up charges."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rome's military and Senate approved Hadrian's succession, but four leading senators were unlawfully put to death soon after."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities | Antinous", "text": "In Hadrian's villa, statues of the Tyrannicides, with a bearded Aristogeiton and a clean-shaven Harmodios, linked his favourite to the classical tradition of Greek love."}], "text": "Hadrian passed in his villa and eventually his ashes were put with his wife's and son's.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "According to Royall Tyler's introduction to his English translation of the work, recent computer analysis has turned up \"statistically significant\" discrepancies of style between chapters 45\u201354 and the rest, and also among the early chapters."}], "id": "j1qdSrb5OUw4Isv6IF1r", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "According to Royall Tyler's introduction to his English translation of the work, recent computer analysis has turned up \"statistically significant\" discrepancies of style between chapters 45\u201354 and the rest, and also among the early chapters."}, {"section_header": "Authorship", "text": "She writes that there are over 50 chapters and mentions a character introduced at the end of the work, so if other authors besides Murasaki Shikibu did work on the tale, the work was finished very near to the time of her writing."}, {"section_header": "Historical context", "text": "Murasaki was writing at the height of the Fujiwara clan's power\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "It is thought that Shikibu often went back and edited early manuscripts introducing discrepancies with earlier copies."}, {"section_header": "Structure | List of chapters", "text": "Early mentions of the Tale refer to chapter numbers, or contain alternate titles for some of the chapters."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "On March 10, 2008, it was announced that a late Kamakura period manuscript was found in Ky\u014dto."}, {"section_header": "Modern readership | English translations | Major English translations in chronological order", "text": "Tyler consciously attempted to mimic the original style in ways that the previous translations did not."}, {"section_header": "Structure | List of chapters", "text": "It is not known for certain when the chapters acquired their titles."}, {"section_header": "Structure | List of chapters", "text": "The Waley translation completely omits the 38th chapter."}, {"section_header": "Illustrated scroll", "text": "His paintings are closely based on Heian style from the existing scrolls from the 12th century and are fully complete."}], "text": "There has been no discrepancies found in styles of writing in the chapters.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}], "id": "j2ptWzk6FqauBUgm8VrQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The team also honored Griffey in a unique fashion in the 2016 MLB draft, selecting his son Trey in the 24th round (matching his jersey number), even though Trey, at the time a wide receiver at the University of Arizona, had not played baseball since his preteen years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed \"Junior\" and \"the Kid\", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)", "text": "He surpassed Sosa on September 23, with one off Minnesota's Matt Guerrier."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "Griffey is one of two Baseball Hall of Fame inductees who have been chosen first overall in an MLB draft."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)", "text": "On July 31, 2008, at the MLB trade deadline, Griffey was traded to the Chicago White Sox in exchange for pitcher Nick Masset and infielder Danny Richar, ending his nine-year tenure in Cincinnati."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "Yankees pitcher Andy Pettitte in the sixth inning."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The retirement took effect with the start of the 2016 MLB season, with the formal ceremony taking place prior to the Mariners' August 6, 2016 game."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009\u20132010)", "text": "\"On June 23, 2009, at Safeco Field, Griffey hit the 5,000th home run in franchise history, off San Diego Padres pitcher Chad Gaudin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Griffey is the son of former MLB player Ken Griffey Sr."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)", "text": "In the 5th inning of the scoreless game, the Twins threatened with Michael Cuddyer on third and one out."}], "text": "Ken Griffey Jr. played 23 years in MLB.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow."}], "id": "j3jrEZcOQc8o95zkNOZc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "Worlds Enough & Time: Five Tales of Speculative Fiction), and a biography of the poet (World Enough and Time: The Life of Andrew Marvell)."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "At least two poets have taken up the challenge of responding to Marvell's poem in the character of the lady so addressed."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "This coyness, Lady, were no crime\"\u2014seems to suggest quite a whimsical tone of regret."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"To His Coy Mistress\" is a Cavalier poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621\u20131678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649\u201360)."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "\u2018particle\u2019.\"The phrase \"there will be time\" occurs repeatedly in a section of T. S. Eliot's \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" (1915), and is often said to be an allusion to Marvell's poem."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "Archibald MacLeish's poem \"You, Andrew Marvell\", alludes to the passage of time and to the growth and decline of empires."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "The logical form of the poem runs: if... but... therefore.... Until recently, \"To His Coy Mistress\" had been received by many as a poem that follows the traditional conventions of carpe diem love poetry."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "In the last stanza, the speaker urges the woman to requite his efforts, and argues that in loving one another with passion they will both make the most of the brief time they have to live."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "As Eliot's hero is, in fact, putting off romance and consummation, he is (falsely) answering Marvell's speaker."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "we but world enough, and time/"}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow."}], "text": "In Andrew Marvell's poem \"To His Coy Mistress,\" the speaker tells his lady that if they had enough time, his love for her would be bigger than a kingdom and all its conquests.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "To His Coy Mistress"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}], "id": "j71VACXHHBnJtGMkn0CQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer treats Copeland \"as his equal\" and \"shares [Copeland's] tortured protests against racial injustice.\" Copeland suffers a beating from prison guards when he tries to help his son, and moves to a poor farm as his tuberculosis is fatal."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "According to Hamilton, \"For Biff, universal love is the answer to darkness.\" Rich believes that critics have not focused enough attention on him, arguing \"he is the most important character in the parable\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland Dr. Copeland is estranged from his family due to his focus on what Hamilton calls \"his love to man\", and Hamilton described him as \"agnostic\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about a widow trying to find love again.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "It may have been either Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, in present-day India, or Tilaurakot, in present-day Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}], "id": "j9TIDyOyykOj6Owfo5O6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "He grew up in Kapilavastu. The exact site of ancient Kapilavastu is unknown."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in Ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE)."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "The Jatakas also sometimes depict negative actions done in previous lives by the bodhisattva, which explain difficulties he experienced in his final life as Gautama."}, {"section_header": "Historical person | Historical context", "text": "According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "In the ancient Gnostic sect of Manichaeism, the Buddha is listed among the prophets who preached the word of God before Mani."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal."}, {"section_header": "Traditional biographies | Nature of traditional depictions", "text": "These texts contain descriptions of the culture and daily life of ancient India which can be corroborated from the Jain scriptures, and make the Buddha's time the earliest period in Indian history for which significant accounts exist."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Majjhima Nikaya 4 also mentions that Gautama lived in \"remote jungle thickets\" during his years of spiritual striving and had to overcome the fear that he felt while living in the forests."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "Many stories of these previous lives are depicted in the Jatakas."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later years", "text": "As the Buddha continued to travel and teach, he also came into contact with members of other \u015br\u0101mana sects."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Birth and early life", "text": "It may have been either Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, in present-day India, or Tilaurakot, in present-day Nepal."}], "text": "Buddha was reborn as Gautama and came to life and lived in Ancient India when is now Kapilavastu.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,"}], "id": "jAih1G12ywt5M9UztZ7X", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "\" The first of these was The New Mutants, soon followed by Alpha Flight, X-Factor, Excalibur, and a solo Wolverine title."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "The story was a major financial success, and when the later Fall of the Mutants was similarly successful, the marketing department declared that the X-Men lineup would hold such crossovers annually."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Messiah trilogy (2007\u20132011)", "text": "It spun the new volumes of X-Force, following the team led by Wolverine, and Cable, following Cable's attempts at protecting Hope Summers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Original roster", "text": "His key followers, Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch, were Romani."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,"}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "X-Men '92 \u2013 Follows \"Secret Wars\", the X-Men of the 1992 TV Series,"}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men", "text": "Xavier funds a corporation aimed at reaching mutants worldwide, though it ceased to exist following the 2005 \"Decimation\" storyline."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men", "text": "Sunfire would reject membership of the X-men shortly after their first mission."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "Warpath along with his deceased brother the first Thunderbird are Native Americans of Apache descent."}], "text": "The X-Men was first printed in 1964 following the success of Superman.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "His third wife, Zhuo Lin, was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan."}], "id": "jBcs430jvMDchoREcji7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political rise | Activism in Shanghai and Wuhan", "text": "During this stage in Shanghai, Deng married a woman he met in Moscow, Zhang Xiyuan."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Deng Xiaoping (1995). Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1938\u20131965."}, {"section_header": "Political rise | At the Jiangxi Soviet", "text": "It was then that he married a young woman he had met in Shanghai named Jin Weiying."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "However, his economic policies caused him to fall out of favor with Mao Zedong and he was purged twice during the Cultural Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "She became a member of the Communist Party in 1938, and married Deng a year later in front of Mao's cave dwelling in Yan'an."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "China, however, was still in the era of Deng Xiaoping."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1975\u20131982."}, {"section_header": "Works", "text": "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1982\u20131992."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "The Chinese characters for \"Statue of Deng Xiaoping\" are inscribed on the pedestal."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "Deng's daughter Deng Rong wrote in the book My father Deng Xiaoping (\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73) that his ancestry was probably, but not definitely, Hakka."}, {"section_header": "Early life and family", "text": "His third wife, Zhuo Lin, was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan."}], "text": "Deng Xiaoping has been married twice.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity", "text": "Thousands of Paleolithic-era artifacts have been recovered from Monte Poggiolo and dated to around 850,000 years before the present, making them the oldest evidence of first hominins habitation in the peninsula."}, {"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity", "text": "Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago, while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago at Riparo Mochi."}], "id": "jDv2ywcbyqxcuOORILrt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Languages", "text": "Because of recent immigration, Italy has sizeable populations whose native language is not Italian, nor a regional language."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "The population rapidly aged; by 2010, one in five Italians was over 65 years old, and the country currently has the fifth oldest population in the world, with a median age of 45.8 years."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Military", "text": "the Mangusta attack helicopter, in the last years deployed in EU, NATO and UN missions."}, {"section_header": "Politics", "text": "The President is elected for a single seven years mandate by the Parliament of Italy and some regional voters in joint session."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "The most densely populated areas are the Po Valley (that accounts for almost a half of the national population) and the metropolitan areas of Rome and Naples, while vast regions such as the Alps and Apennines highlands, the plateaus of Basilicata and the island of Sardinia are very sparsely populated."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration", "text": "As of 2010, the foreign born population of Italy was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%)."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient Rome", "text": "In 509 BC, the Romans expelled the last king from their city, favouring a government of the Senate and the People (SPQR) and establishing an oligarchic republic."}, {"section_header": "History | Republican Italy", "text": "The Years of Lead culminated in the assassination of the Christian Democrat leader Aldo Moro in 1978 and the Bologna railway station massacre in 1980, where 85 people died."}, {"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity", "text": "Other ancient populations being of undetermined language families and of possible non-Indo-European origin include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni, known for their rock carvings in Valcamonica, the largest collections of prehistoric petroglyphs in the world."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Education", "text": "Bologna University, founded in 1088, is the oldest university in continuous operation, as well as one of the leading academic institutions in Italy and Europe."}, {"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity", "text": "Thousands of Paleolithic-era artifacts have been recovered from Monte Poggiolo and dated to around 850,000 years before the present, making them the oldest evidence of first hominins habitation in the peninsula."}, {"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity", "text": "Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago, while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago at Riparo Mochi."}], "text": "The region of Italy has been continuously populated by people for the last 20000 years.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Italy"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mart\u00ednez met Holli (n\u00e9e) Beeler on a blind date; they married in October 1992."}], "id": "jEXwsLB0YYtkhSdd5bOl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez (born January 2, 1963), nicknamed \"Gar\" and \"Papi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and coach."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Early career (1987\u20131989)", "text": "After the regular season, Mart\u00ednez played winter baseball in the Puerto Rican Baseball League."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Martinez became inspired to play baseball after watching fellow Puerto Rican Roberto Clemente play in the 1971 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mart\u00ednez and his wife Holli have contributed their time and money to Seattle Children's Hospital, including the Edgar Mart\u00ednez Endowment for Muscular Dystrophy Research, established by the Mariners in honor of his retirement, and the Children's Hospital Annual"}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Mart\u00ednez met Holli (n\u00e9e) Beeler on a blind date; they married in October 1992."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "He knows there is no one in the wings, just Edgar Martinez to back him up.\" However, Coles committed five errors in Seattle's first six games."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy", "text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Pedro Mart\u00ednez (no relation) also named Edgar Mart\u00ednez as one of the toughest hitters he had to pitch against in his career because, Pedro said, he was very disciplined at the plate and \"would foul off pitches that would wipe out anybody else."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is one of 18 MLB players to record a batting average of .300, an on-base percentage of .400, and a slugging percentage of .500 in 5,000 or more plate appearances."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mart\u00ednez grew up in Dorado, Puerto Rico."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990\u20131992)", "text": "In 1990, Mart\u00ednez signed a one-year contract for $90,000."}], "text": "Puerto Rican baseball player Edgar Mart\u00ednez met his wife on Tinder.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Edgar Mart\u00ednez"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Boston (US: , UK: ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States, and the 21st most populous city in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "It has been suggested that Boston is the new \"TitleTown, USA\", as the city's professional sports teams have won twelve championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016 and 2018), Red Sox (2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011)."}], "id": "jFNbJwJmmP5Q5qxMb72Q", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 4000 BC.In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "The TD Garden, formerly called the FleetCenter and built to replace the old, since-demolished Boston Garden, is adjoined to North Station and is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association."}, {"section_header": "History | Revolution and the Siege of Boston", "text": "When the British government passed the Stamp Act in 1765, a Boston mob ravaged the homes of Andrew Oliver, the official tasked with enforcing the Act, and Thomas Hutchinson, then the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th century", "text": "Italians became the largest inhabitants of the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "The Bruins were the first American member of the National Hockey League and an Original Six franchise."}, {"section_header": "Government and politics", "text": "In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities\u2014including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)\u2014play a role in the life of Bostonians."}, {"section_header": "Healthcare", "text": "The Boston Public Health Commission, an agency of the Massachusetts government, oversees health concerns for city residents."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Boston (US: , UK: ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States, and the 21st most populous city in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "It has been suggested that Boston is the new \"TitleTown, USA\", as the city's professional sports teams have won twelve championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016 and 2018), Red Sox (2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011)."}], "text": "The city of Boston is the most inhabited municipality in Massachusetts and home of the Bruins.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Food sources", "text": "Foods rich in calcium include dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese, sardines, salmon, soy products, kale, and fortified breakfast cereals."}], "id": "jLYlDl8GoIAB1SqFvtfz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Bone disease", "text": "As calcium is required for bone development, many bone diseases can be traced to the organic matrix or the hydroxyapatite in molecular structure or organization of bone."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Hormonal regulation of bone formation and serum levels", "text": "Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D promote the formation of bone by allowing and enhancing the deposition of calcium ions there, allowing rapid bone turnover without affecting bone mass or mineral content."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Bone disease", "text": "Inadequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, or phosphates can lead to softening of bones, called osteomalacia."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Bone disease", "text": "Osteoporosis is a reduction in mineral content of bone per unit volume, and can be treated by supplementation of calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "However, pure calcium cannot be prepared in bulk by this method and a workable commercial process for its production was not found until over a century later."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and"}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first dated lime kiln dates back to 2500 BC and was found in Khafajah, Mesopotamia."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Calcium metal is found in some drain cleaners, where it functions to generate heat and calcium hydroxide that saponifies the fats and liquefies the proteins (for example, those in hair) that block drains."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Hormonal regulation of bone formation and serum levels", "text": "When plasma calcium levels fall, cell surface receptors are activated and the secretion of parathyroid hormone occurs; it then proceeds to stimulate the entry of calcium into the plasma pool by taking it from targeted kidney, gut, and bone cells, with the bone-forming action of parathyroid hormone being antagonised by calcitonin, whose secretion increases with increasing plasma calcium levels."}, {"section_header": "Biological and pathological role | Binding", "text": "Some other bone matrix proteins such as osteopontin and bone sialoprotein use both the first and the second."}, {"section_header": "Food sources", "text": "Foods rich in calcium include dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese, sardines, salmon, soy products, kale, and fortified breakfast cereals."}], "text": "Calcium is only found in bones.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}], "id": "jMs9teaY0npZa3kni8mr", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "no Sanmyaku)\". In 2013, the group was the third artist by total sales revenue in Japan with \u00a55.379 billion."}, {"section_header": "Awards and achievements", "text": "At the WMA they received several nominations, including \"World's Best Live Act\" and \"World's Best Group\" in 2013."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "B'z The Best \"Pleasure\" B'z The Best \"Treasure\" B'z The \"Mixture\" Green"}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "For promotional activities, B'z started the tour \"B'z Live-Gym 2005"}, {"section_header": "History | 20th anniversary (2008\u20132009)", "text": "In February 2008, B'z released a DVD titled B'z Live in Nanba."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "After the Eleven tour, B'z prepared for their first Asian tour, which included \"B'z Live-Gym in Taipei 2001\" and \"B'z Live-Gym in Hong Kong 2001\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "As it has been 10 years since B'z had performed at Nagisa-en since their 1993 performance of \"B'z Live-Gym Pleasure '93"}, {"section_header": "History | Adopting pop and temporary hiatus (1995\u20131998)", "text": "On 20 May, B'z released their first official compilation album, B'z The Best \"Pleasure\", which also marked their 10th year since debuting."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "As they flew back to Japan, B'z started their third tour in 2003, \"B'z Live-Gym 2003 Big Machine\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "~B'z Live-Gym The Final Pleasure"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}], "text": "B'z is a K-pop group from Seoul.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}], "id": "jNdvrV01b7pXDa732yfd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The book's original Swedish title was Men"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The English release also changed the title, even though Larsson specifically refused to allow the Swedish publisher to do so, and the size of Salander's dragon tattoo; from a large piece covering her entire back, to a small shoulder tattoo."}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "Dragon Tattoo Trilogy: Extended Edition is the title of the TV miniseries release on DVD, Blu-ray, and video on demand in the US."}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Major themes", "text": "\"Alm and Stenport add, \"What most international (and Swedish) reviewers overlook is that the financial and moral corruptibility at the heart of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is so profound as to indict most attributes associated with contemporary Sweden as democratic and gender-equal."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}], "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo's original title is\" Men Who Hate Women\" in Swedish.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods."}], "id": "jTYL9O81j5oVvnaSxudP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "This is important to the growth and ideas that came with the reforms and transformation Japan was undergoing during the Meiji period."}, {"section_header": "Centralization | Industrial growth", "text": "During the Meiji period, powers such as Europe and the United States helped transform Japan and made them realize a change needed to take place."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: \u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (\u5fa1\u4e00\u65b0, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji."}, {"section_header": "Centralization", "text": "By the end of the Meiji period, attendance of public schools was widespread, increasing the availability of skilled workers and contributing to the industrial growth of Japan."}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "This period also saw Japan change from being a feudal society to having a market economy and left the Japanese with a lingering influence of Modernity."}, {"section_header": "Military reform", "text": "In particular, they legitimized the tenancy system which had been going on during the Tokugawa period."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]"}, {"section_header": "Imperial restoration", "text": "These two leaders supported the Emperor K\u014dmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power."}, {"section_header": "Foreign influence", "text": ", Chinese general Li Hongzhang considered Japan to be China's \"principal security threat\" as early as 1863, five years before the Meiji Restoration."}], "text": "The Meiji Restoration where an Emperor was reinstated in Japan was during a period of stagnation in Japan.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Meiji Restoration"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Monaco ( (listen); French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254nako]), officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country, and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe."}], "id": "jd6HvHulkJ7jCbU96vvR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "A recurring issue Monaco encounters with other countries is the attempt by foreign nationals to use Monaco to avoid paying taxes in their own country."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With an area of 2.1 km2 (0.81 sq mi), it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe and the second-smallest in the world, after the Vatican City."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Monaco ( (listen); French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254nako]), officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country, and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Football", "text": "However, Monaco is one of only two sovereign states in Europe (along with the Vatican City) that is not a member of UEFA and so does not take part in any UEFA European Football Championship or FIFA World Cup competitions."}, {"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "In many cases the key issue for obtaining citizenship, rather than attaining residency in Monaco, is the person's ties to their departure country."}, {"section_header": "Government", "text": "Monaco has been governed under a constitutional monarchy since 1911, with the Sovereign Prince of Monaco as head of state."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Formula One", "text": "It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world."}, {"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "For example, French citizens must still pay taxes to France even if they live full-time in Monaco unless they resided in the country before 1962 for at least 5 years."}, {"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "The Crown of Aragon and Republic of Genoa became a part of other countries, as did the Kingdom of Sardinia."}, {"section_header": "History | 1400\u20131800", "text": "The princes of Monaco thus became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality."}], "text": "Monaco is a sovereign country that had an actress as one of its princesses.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monaco"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "id": "jnrQweT4FawIkMyWD8R3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major themes | Survival and solidarity", "text": "Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in \"The Open Boat\" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The English volume, published simultaneously with the American one, was titled The Open Boat and Other Stories and published by William Heinemann."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Man vs. nature", "text": "Similar to other Naturalist works, \"The Open Boat\" scrutinizes the position of man, who has been isolated not only from society, but also from God and nature."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Man vs. nature", "text": "; critic Leedice Kissane further pointed to the story's seeming denigration of women, noting the castaways' personification of Fate as \"an old ninny-woman\" and \"an old hen\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Crane completed the story that would become \"The Open Boat\" a few weeks later, in mid-February."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in Scribner's Magazine."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Man vs. nature", "text": "Wolford similarly pointed to the importance of the story's strong yet problematic opening line\u2014\"None of them knew the color of the sky\"\u2014as one that sets the scene for the story's sense of unease and uncertainty."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a story about an old man that is on his boat fishing and where he deals with his inner demons.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium compounds are widely used in many industries: in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, as components in cement and electrical insulators, and in the manufacture of soaps."}], "id": "jz3k5L7F72D14mlaEkoV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Calcium, along with its congeners magnesium, strontium, and barium, was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pure calcium was isolated in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide by Humphry Davy, who named the element."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium compounds are widely used in many industries: in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, as components in cement and electrical insulators, and in the manufacture of soaps."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Many calcium compounds are used in food, as pharmaceuticals, and in medicine, among others."}, {"section_header": "Characteristics | Isotopes", "text": "Calcium is the first (lightest) element to have six naturally occurring isotopes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "The largest use of metallic calcium is in steelmaking, due to its strong chemical affinity for oxygen and sulfur."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Calcium sulfite is used as a bleach in papermaking and as a disinfectant, calcium silicate is used as a reinforcing agent in rubber, and calcium acetate is a component of liming rosin and is used to make metallic soaps and synthetic resins."}], "text": "The element calcium is a reactive metal and was first isolated in 1808 and is used in many industries today.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Calcium"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics."}], "id": "k2w4bM3uciwSSWBDjbU2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Brazilian heavy metal band Angra released a version of Bush's song on"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights and Anne Bront\u00eb's Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of her sister Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The 1970 film with Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Singer Pat Benatar also released the song in 1980 on the \"Crimes of Passion\" album."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "This version, which stays close to the original novel, received a nomination for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards, elected by pupils from 170 schools in the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "It was adapted by Scottish writer Sean Michael Wilson and hand painted by comic book veteran artist John M Burns."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "It is quite likely that Emily was aware of the debate on  evolution, even if the great theses of Charles Darwin were not made public until eleven years after his death."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "In Bu\u00f1uel's version Heathcliff/Alejandro claims to have become rich by making a deal with Satan."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "It was primarily inspired by the Olivier\u2013Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years."}], "text": "There's a comic version of the novel, that released in the late 2000's. and was quite successful in the UK.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Later life, and death", "text": "Shostakovich died of lung cancer on 9 August 1975."}], "id": "k4WlDYZrGjz14GxnhT8p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Later life, and death", "text": "Despite suffering from Motor Neurone Disease (or ALS) from as early as the 1960s, Shostakovich insisted upon writing all his own correspondence and music himself, even when his right hand was virtually unusable."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 , tr."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, pronounced [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0282\u0259st\u0250\u02c8kov\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; (25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 \u2013 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Joining the Party", "text": "After the symphony's premiere, Yevtushenko was forced to add a stanza to his poem that said that Russians and Ukrainians had died alongside the Jews at Babi Yar."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life, and death", "text": "In 1964 Shostakovich composed the music for the Russian film Hamlet, which was favourably reviewed by The New York Times: \"But the lack of this aural stimulation\u2014of Shakespeare's eloquent words\u2014is recompensed in some measure by a splendid and stirring musical score by Dmitri Shostakovich."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early career", "text": "After graduation, Shostakovich initially embarked on a dual career as concert pianist and composer, but his dry playing style was often unappreciated ("}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life, and death", "text": "Shostakovich died of lung cancer on 9 August 1975."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Steinberg tried to guide Shostakovich on the path of the great Russian composers, but was disappointed to see him 'wasting' his talent and imitating Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Prokofiev."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Joining the Party", "text": "The year 1960 marked another turning point in Shostakovich's life: he joined the Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Shostakovich also suffered for his perceived lack of political zeal, and initially failed his exam in Marxist methodology in 1926."}], "text": "The Russian composer and pianist Dmitry Shostakovich died from Motor Neurone Disease or ALS which he had been suffering from since the 1960s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Dmitry Shostakovich"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs,"}], "id": "k58eXwS3MJfDN90HOQ7i", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs,"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When she heard that this was her future husband, she modestly covered herself with a veil."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "Before she sent Jacob to his father, she dressed him in Esau's garments and laid goatskins on his arms and neck to simulate hairy skin."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca sought enlightenment at the yeshiva of Shem and Eber."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The prophecy also said that the older would serve the younger; its statement, \"One people will be stronger than the other\" has been taken to mean that the two nations will never gain power simultaneously; when one falls, the other will rise, and vice versa."}, {"section_header": "The deception of Isaac", "text": "At this time, the Sages state that one should begin to think he might not exceed the age of whichever parent died first."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "She was not molested, but one day Abimelech looked through the window and saw Isaac \"sporting\" (a euphemism for sexual play) with her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah."}], "text": "Rebecca, of the Bible, was laid to rest on the top of a mountain with her husband, Isaac.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Having an unusual batting stance, Schmidt turned his back somewhat toward the pitcher and rocked his rear end back-and-forth while waiting for a pitch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Jack Schmidt (born September 27, 1949) is an American former professional baseball third baseman who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies."}], "id": "k8NZuQDK5BRy7Kwp0pU2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "Following the 1972 season, the Phillies dealt third baseman Don Money to the Milwaukee Brewers to open a spot for Schmidt in their infield."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Having an unusual batting stance, Schmidt turned his back somewhat toward the pitcher and rocked his rear end back-and-forth while waiting for a pitch."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "Though Schmidt had just a career .191 post-season batting average with no home runs and five RBIs, his bat came alive in the 1980 World Series, hitting two homers and driving in seven runs against the Kansas City Royals."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "Schmidt spent two seasons in the Phillies' farm system, where he batted .263 with 34 home runs and 122 runs batted in."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor Leagues", "text": "Schmidt played the whole game at shortstop for the big-league Phillies, hitting a game-winning home run against his future Reading teammates."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mike was a lifeguard at the club."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "The Phillies were held to a .195 team batting average; Schmidt went just 1-for-20 with a single."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "On June 10, in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, Schmidt hit a ball off Houston Astros' pitcher Claude Osteen that looked like a sure home run."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades", "text": "That same season, Mike was inducted as a member of the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame (he had previously been inducted as the third baseman for the Phillies' Centennial Team in 1983)."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "After playing most of the 1972 season for Triple-A Eugene, he was called up to the Phillies in September and made his major league debut against the New York Mets on September 12."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Jack Schmidt (born September 27, 1949) is an American former professional baseball third baseman who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies."}], "text": "Mike Schmidt would shake his money maker at the pitcher while he was at bat against the Phillies.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mike Schmidt"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states."}], "id": "k9dpYwk9Y9fry4KgrY5t", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "the \"Attic War\". The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peloponnesian War (431\u2013404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta."}, {"section_header": "Peace of Nicias (421 BC)", "text": "The democratic alliance was broken up, and most of its members were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian League."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states."}, {"section_header": "The Second War (413\u2013404 BC) | Athens recovers", "text": "Their opposition led to the reinstitution of a democratic government in Athens within two years."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "After defeating the Second Persian invasion of Greece in the year 480 BC, Athens led the coalition of Greek city-states that continued the Greco-Persian Wars with attacks on Persian territories in the Aegean and Ionia."}, {"section_header": "Lysander triumphs, Athens surrenders", "text": "Despite their victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led to a controversial trial."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, \"The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable.\" Indeed, the nearly fifty years of Greek history that preceded the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War had been marked by the development of Athens as a major power in the Mediterranean world."}, {"section_header": "The Second War (413\u2013404 BC) | Achaemenid support for Sparta (414\u2013404 BC)", "text": "From 414 BC, Darius II, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had his satrap Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian reconquest of the greater part of Ionia."}, {"section_header": "Prelude | Breakdown of the peace", "text": "The more immediate events that led to war involved Athens and Corinth."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year."}], "text": "The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek 15 year conflict that reshaped the broken alliance  led by Athens against the Peloponnesian led by Spartacus that concluded with him and most of the members of the Attic war surrendering.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Peloponnesian War"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Decades after his death, Waterbury citizens and baseball fans raised enough money to purchase a headstone at his grave, which was dedicated in a 2001 ceremony."}], "id": "kA4gXBtiqabjN8jImvgV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Largely forgotten after his retirement, Connor was buried in an unmarked grave until a group of citizens raised money for a grave marker in 2001."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "Decades after his death, Waterbury citizens and baseball fans raised enough money to purchase a headstone at his grave, which was dedicated in a 2001 ceremony."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "At one time, Connor's record was thought to be 131, per the Sporting News book Daguerreotypes."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "Connor's career mark of 138 was a benchmark not surpassed until 1921 by Babe Ruth."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "Connor worked as a school inspector in Waterbury until 1920."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "He returned to the Giants in 1893, raising his average to .322 and hitting 11 home runs."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Every winter, a banquet was held in Waterbury in Connor's honor."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Death", "text": "He was 73. A news article after his death said that his \"likeable personality and his colorful action made him an idol.\" He was buried in an unmarked grave at St. Joseph's Cemetery in Waterbury."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Minor league baseball", "text": "Connor's wife Angeline kept the team's books and his daughter helped by collecting tickets."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "Both MLB.com and the independent Baseball-Reference.com now consider Connor's total to be 138."}], "text": "Connor's grave had no headstone until some citizens raised funds for one for it.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}], "id": "kH7jfirhmMHbhnjmNJNf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "The Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire is an award dedicated to major writers of contemporary Cameroonian literature who have died."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "In the early 1960s, Bebey moved to France and started work in the arts, establishing himself as a musician, sculptor, and writer."}, {"section_header": "Discography | Compilations", "text": "With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "John Williams' piece \"Hello Francis\" is written as a tribute to Bebey: \" The piece is based on the Makossa, a popular dance rhythm from Cameroon often used by Francis, and includes a quote from his piece"}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "Fire's song, \"Everything Now,\" features a flute part from \"The Coffee Cola Song\" by Francis Bebey."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "Francis Bebey was awarded the Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire of the GPLA 2013 for his literary legacy."}], "text": "Francis Bebey was a Cameroonian writer and composer and attended school in London.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francis Bebey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success."}], "id": "kHN4NNdDWATyv5licl3o", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2014, Belgian theater director Ivo van Hove created a stage adaptation, which has received mostly positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "The company's artistic director Ivo van Hove wrote and directed the adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "The Dutch theater company Toneelgroep Amsterdam presented an adaptation for the stage (in Dutch) at the Holland Festival in June 2014."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "Next Wave Festival, where it ran from November 28 to December 2, 2017.The European productions of the play received mostly positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "The Fountainhead was published on May 7, 1943, with 7,500 copies in the first printing."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception", "text": "The Fountainhead polarized critics and received mixed reviews upon its release."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "The Festival d'Avignon production received positive from the French newspapers La Croix, Les \u00c9chos, and Le Monde, as well as from the English newspaper The Guardian, whose reviewer described it as \"electrifying theatre\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Play", "text": "American critics gave mostly negative reviews of the Next Wave Festival production."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other adaptations", "text": "King Features Syndicate approached Rand the following year about creating a condensed, illustrated version of the novel for syndication in newspapers."}], "text": "The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major success, and in 2014, Belgian theater director Ivo van Hove created a stage adaptation, which has received mostly positive reviews.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Fountainhead"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements."}], "id": "kIAvHkuK69yEGDEXD9VT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Upper atmosphere", "text": "Within the stratosphere is the ozone layer, a component that partially shields the surface from ultraviolet light and thus is important for life on Earth."}, {"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt and seasons", "text": "This polar motion has multiple, cyclical components, which collectively are termed quasiperiodic motion."}, {"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt and seasons", "text": "In addition to an annual component to this motion, there is a 14-month cycle called the Chandler wobble."}, {"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt and seasons", "text": "Its axial tilt does undergo nutation; a slight, irregular motion with a main period of 18.6 years."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Magnetic field", "text": "This causes secular variation of the main field and field reversals at irregular intervals averaging a few times every million years."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "Over 99% of the crust is composed of 11 oxides, principally silica, alumina, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, potash and soda."}, {"section_header": "Moon", "text": "This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of Earth's crust."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Magnetic field", "text": "The main part of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core, the site of a dynamo process that converts the kinetic energy of thermally and compositionally driven convection into electrical and magnetic field energy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "Due to mass segregation, the core region is estimated to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulphur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Chemical composition", "text": "It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements."}], "text": "The main component of the Earth is Iron.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Earth"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "In 1928, Puyi's concubine Wenxiu declared that she had had enough of him and his court and simply walked out, filing for divorce."}], "id": "kIh5deLgFYyKd7dLSRds", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "Puyi and Wenxiu divorced in 1931."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "In 1928, Puyi's concubine Wenxiu declared that she had had enough of him and his court and simply walked out, filing for divorce."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She divorced Puyi in May 1957."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "According to Puyi, she worked as a school teacher for some years after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "In June 1927, Zhang captured Beijing and Behr observed that if Puyi had had more courage and returned to Beijing, he might have been restored to the Dragon Throne."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "In February 1925, Puyi moved to the Japanese Concession of Tianjin, first into the Zhang Garden (\u5f35\u5712), and in 1927 into the former residence of Lu Zongyu known as the Garden of Serenity (simplified Chinese: \u9759\u56ed;"}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "However, after Wenxiu left in 1931, Puyi blamed Wanrong and stopped speaking to her and ignored her presence."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He chose Wenxiu. Political factions within the palace made the actual choice as to whom Puyi would marry."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Li also noted like everybody else who knew him that Puyi was an incredibly clumsy man, leading her to say: \"Once in a boiling rage at his clumsiness, I threatened to divorce him."}], "text": "Puyi demanded a divorce from Wenxiu in 1927.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp was born on June 9, 1963, in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of waitress Betty Sue Palmer (n\u00e9e Wells) and civil engineer John Christopher Depp."}], "id": "kTSdWf6tBy4zRNrSK65o", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "Depp has stated that he began smoking at age 12 and began using alcohol and drugs shortly thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships", "text": "They have two children, daughter Lily-Rose Melody Depp (born 1999) and son John Christopher \"Jack\" Depp III (born 2002)."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "In 2018, reporter Stephen Rodrick of Rolling Stone wrote that Depp had used hashish in his presence and described Depp as \"alternately hilarious, sly and incoherent\"; Rodrick also quoted Depp as stating that a claim that he had spent US$30,000 per month on wine was \"insulting\" because he had spent \"far more\" than that amount."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician."}, {"section_header": "Early life and ancestry", "text": "Depp was born on June 9, 1963, in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of waitress Betty Sue Palmer (n\u00e9e Wells) and civil engineer John Christopher Depp."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "Depp has experienced alcoholism and addiction for much of his life."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "In a 2008 interview, Depp stated that he had \"poisoned\" himself with alcohol \"for years\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "In 2013, Depp declared that he had stopped drinking alcohol, adding that he \"pretty much got everything [he] could get out of it\"; Depp also said, \"I investigated wine and spirits thoroughly, and they certainly investigated me as well, and we found out that we got along beautifully, but maybe too well."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "\"In 2016, then-wife Amber Heard claimed that Depp \"plunged into the depths of paranoia and violence after bingeing on drugs and alcohol,\" although a joint statement issued by Heard and Depp in connection with their divorce denied that either party intended \"physical or emotional harm\" to the other."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Alcohol and drug use", "text": "In a 1997 interview, Depp acknowledged past abuse of alcohol during the filming of What's Eating Gilbert Grape?"}], "text": "Depp was born and raised in the US.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johnny Depp"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}], "id": "kVQT1ulpZ87I5VTPQA63", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other media and products | Video games", "text": "The strategy game Game of Thrones Ascent ties into the HBO series, making characters and settings available to players as they appear on television."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response | General", "text": "According to Variety, \"There may be no show more profitable to its network than 'Game of Thrones' is to HBO."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development | Themes", "text": "In a 2012 study, out of 40 recent television drama shows, Game of Thrones ranked second in deaths per episode, averaging 14."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "The first season's soundtrack, written about ten weeks before the series' premiere, was published by Var\u00e8se Sarabande in June 2011."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Broadcast", "text": "Game of Thrones was broadcast by HBO in the United States and by its local subsidiaries or other pay television services in other countries, at the same time as in the US or weeks (or months) later."}, {"section_header": "Cast and characters", "text": "Game of Thrones has an ensemble cast estimated to be the largest on television."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Despite negative reception of the final season and finale, many critics and publications have named the show as one of the best television series of all time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects", "text": "In 2011, the season one finale, \"Fire and Blood\", was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects."}], "text": "The Game of Thrones is a television show that premiered on HBO in 2011.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}], "id": "kZWvtLkcfwzq1rZxuI2l", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Muhammad XII moved the remains of his ancestors from the complex, as was verified by Leopoldo Torres Balb\u00e1s in 1925, when he found seventy empty tombs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Despite long neglect, willful vandalism, and some ill-judged restoration, the Alhambra endures as an atypical example of Muslim art in its final European stages, relatively uninfluenced by the direct Byzantine influences found in the Mezquita of C\u00f3rdoba."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In literature", "text": "Parts of the following works are set in the Alhambra: Washington Irving's Tales of the Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In board games", "text": "Dirk Henn's game Der Palast von Alhambra, literally \"The Palace of the Alhambra\"."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In music", "text": "Alhambra has directly inspired musical compositions as Francisco T\u00e1rrega's famous tremolo study for guitar Recuerdos De La Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In music", "text": "Alb\u00e9niz also composed an uncompleted Suite Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In astronomy", "text": "There is a main belt asteroid named Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Alhambra was extended by the different Muslim rulers who lived in the complex."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}], "text": "The Alhambra is found in Africa.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Musical or Comedy. The film has led to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation; two direct-to-video follow-ups\u2014the sequel, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998), and the prequel/parallel, The Lion King 1\u00bd (2004); two television series, Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard; a 3D re-release in 2011; and a photorealistic  remake in 2019, which also became the highest-grossing animated film at the time of its release."}], "id": "kl8ElROObPnjmjlEGLeN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and spin-offs", "text": "In June 2014, it was announced that a new TV series based on the film would be released called The Lion Guard, featuring Kion, the second-born cub of Simba and Nala."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Musical or Comedy. The film has led to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation; two direct-to-video follow-ups\u2014the sequel, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998), and the prequel/parallel, The Lion King 1\u00bd (2004); two television series, Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard; a 3D re-release in 2011; and a photorealistic  remake in 2019, which also became the highest-grossing animated film at the time of its release."}, {"section_header": "Box office", "text": "With the earnings of the 3D run, The Lion King surpassed all the aforementioned films but Toy Story 3 to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide\u2014later dropping to ninth, and then tenth, surpassed by its photorealistic CGI remake counterpart\u2014and it remains the highest-grossing hand-drawn animated film."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "With an initial worldwide gross of $766 million, it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994, the highest-grossing animated film and the second-highest-grossing film of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Controversies | Kimba the White Lion", "text": "Certain elements of the film were thought to bear a resemblance to Osamu Tezuka's 1960s Japanese anime television series, Jungle Emperor (known as Kimba the White Lion in the United States), with some similarities between a number of characters and various individual scenes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On release, the film drew some controversy in Japan for its similarities to Osamu Tezuka's 1960s anime series Kimba the White Lion."}, {"section_header": "Box office", "text": "It is currently the 46th highest-grossing film of all time, the eleventh highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the fourth highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind Frozen, Frozen 2 and Zootopia)."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "The Lion King was first released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney's \"Masterpiece Collection\" video series."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and spin-offs", "text": "The duo then received their own animated series, The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa, which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes between 1995 and 1999."}, {"section_header": "Box office", "text": "After its initial run, having earned $763.4 million, it ranked as the second-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, behind Jurassic Park."}], "text": "The Lion King is based on a Japanese anime series and later became a tv series and the second highest grossing remake .", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Lion King"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness."}], "id": "kpYsjMfW7F605dqaN0VI", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The novel was originally published anonymously, as were all of Austen's novels."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Jane Austen Ruined My Life and Mr. Darcy Broke My Heart by Beth Pattillo  Precipitation \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception | At first publication", "text": "The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the first months following publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "A Continuation of Miss Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice  by Helen Baker Searching for Pemberley by Mary Simonsen"}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Class", "text": "Class plays a central role in the evolution of the characters and Jane Austen's radical approach to class is seen as the plot unfolds."}, {"section_header": "Major themes", "text": "The American novelist Anna Quindlen observed in an introduction to an edition of Austen's novel in 1995:  Pride and Prejudice is also about that thing that all great novels consider, the search for self."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Elizabeth, a successful and independent New York journalist, and her single older sister Jane must intervene to salvage the family's financial situation and get their unemployed adult sisters to move out of the house and onward in life."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "A new stage production, Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical, was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in Rochester, New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Her main ambition in life is to marry her daughters off to wealthy men."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness."}], "text": "The novel follows Jane Austen's life.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "Roger Waters and Nick Mason met while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "Richard Wright, a fellow architecture student, joined later that year, and the group became a sextet, Sigma 6."}], "id": "krP7l3YQe2faUSVFxRVT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965."}, {"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | The Dark Side of the Moon (1973)", "text": "Pink Floyd recorded The Dark Side of the Moon between May 1972 and January 1973 with EMI staff engineer Alan Parsons at Abbey Road."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals)."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, fellow student Ken Chapman."}, {"section_header": "History | 2005\u20132016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River | The Endless River (2014) and Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets", "text": "In 2018, Mason formed a new band, Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, to perform Pink Floyd's early material."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Sonic experimentation", "text": "The process enabled an engineer to simulate moving the sound to behind, above or beside the listener's ears."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "Richard Wright, a fellow architecture student, joined later that year, and the group became a sextet, Sigma 6."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 1981 audio engineer James Guthrie won the Grammy Award for \"Best Engineered Non-Classical Album\" for The Wall, and Roger Waters won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for \"Best Original Song Written for a Film\" in 1983 for \"Another Brick in the Wall\" from The Wall film."}, {"section_header": "History | 2005\u20132016: Reunion, deaths, and The Endless River | Deaths of Barrett and Wright", "text": "Wright died of an undisclosed form of cancer on 15 September 2008, aged 65."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Genres", "text": "Their sonic universe is expansive, intense, and challenging ... Where most other bands neatly fit the songs to the music, the two forming a sort of autonomous and seamless whole complete with memorable hooks, Pink Floyd tends to set lyrics within a broader soundscape that often seems to have a life of its own ... Pink Floyd employs extended, stand-alone instrumentals which are never mere vehicles for showing off virtuoso but are planned and integral parts of the performance."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "Roger Waters and Nick Mason met while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street."}], "text": "Pink Floyd was formed by engineering students.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Pink Floyd"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage", "text": "Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use."}], "id": "krQcM04SOO0kQ64FlFsX", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Criticism | Terms of service", "text": "A Scientific American blogger pointed out that this contradicted another line in the terms of service, that \"Cold Brew Labs does not claim any ownership rights in any such Member Content\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically \"ideas\") on the World Wide Web using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Through the access of Pinterest Analytics, companies receive insight to data via API."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In Alex Heath's article on Business Insider, he sheds a light to Pinterest's interest in becoming a search company, hence, \"the company is putting search front and center in its app with [Pinterest Lens]\"."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Terms of service", "text": "A March 2012 article in Scientific American criticized Pinterest's self-imposed ownership of user content stating that \"Pinterest's terms of service have been garnering a lot of criticism for stating in no uncertain terms that anything you 'pin' to their site belongs to them."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "As of 2017 the company was valued at $12 billion."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In October 2011, after an introduction from Kevin Hartz and Jeremy Stoppelman, the company secured US$27 million in funding from Andreessen Horowitz, which valued the company at US$200 million."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The total valuation of the company at the time reached $12 billion."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Terms of service", "text": "\"Selling content was never our intention\", said the company in a blog post."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions", "text": "On March 8, 2017, Pinterest said it had acquired Jelly Industries, a small search-engine company founded by Biz Stone."}, {"section_header": "Usage", "text": "Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use."}], "text": "The American company Pinterest is by subscription only.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Klem pursued a baseball career as a catcher until he sustained an arm injury."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "He then worked as a bartender and traveled through the Northeast building bridges."}], "id": "ktaL1ZKAqAtObSVl1JNC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "They are also the only umpires to have worked in five different decades."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Finally, he was the last umpire to work the plate exclusively (traditionally the crew chief always worked the plate; today umpire crews rotate base/plate assignments)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "He then worked as a bartender and traveled through the Northeast building bridges."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "\"He worked in the New York State League the following year."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Personal life", "text": "Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He was also one of the umpires for the first All-Star Game in 1933, and worked behind the plate for the second half of the game; he later umpired in the 1938 All-Star Game as well."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Klem pursued a baseball career as a catcher until he sustained an arm injury."}], "text": "Bill Klem worked in a bar after he got injured", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Symbolism", "text": "A study in 2019 concluded that ancient people believed that quarrying of the Moai might be related to improving soil fertility and thereby critical food supplies."}], "id": "kwoorqNvKQ0DP3hvLJJV", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Symbolism", "text": "A study in 2019 concluded that ancient people believed that quarrying of the Moai might be related to improving soil fertility and thereby critical food supplies."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism", "text": "\"Archaeologists believe that the statues were a representation of the ancient Polynesians' ancestors."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Recent experimental recreations have proven that it is fully possible that the moai were literally walked from their quarries to their final positions by ingenious use of ropes."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "The most recent study demonstrates from the evidence in the archaeological record that the statues were harnessed with ropes from two sides and made to \"walk\" by tilting them from side to side while pulling forward."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism", "text": "Carved stone and wooden objects in ancient Polynesian religions, when properly fashioned and ritually prepared, were believed to be charged by a magical spiritual essence called mana."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "The moai are monolithic statues, their minimalist style related to forms found throughout Polynesia."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses", "text": "The more recent moai had pukao on their heads, which represent the topknot of the chieftains."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Other scholars concluded that it was probably not the way the moai were moved due to the reported damage to the base caused by the \"shuffling\" motion."}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "These figures are believed to have been made after the civilization on Rapa Nui began to collapse, which is why they seem to have a more emaciated appearance to them."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "If that theory is correct it would take 50\u2013150 people to move the moai."}], "text": "A recent study concluded that ancient people believed that quarrying of the Moai might be related to improving soil fertility.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rivalries | Brazil", "text": "Argentina have a long and fierce rivalry with their South American neighbours."}], "id": "kz19HA5c158nVMEAsrUZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Team image | Crest", "text": "The Argentine Football Association (\"AFA\") logo has been always used as the team emblem."}, {"section_header": "Statistics | Managers", "text": "The first Argentina national team manager was \u00c1ngel V\u00e1zquez, appointed in 1924."}, {"section_header": "Home stadium", "text": "The River Plate stadium, Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, is a national stadium of Argentina national team that plays most qualifying and friendlies at that stadium."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "During the first years of its existence, the Argentina national team only played friendly matches against other South American teams."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Uniform", "text": "The kit first worn by Argentina was a white shirt, at the official debut of the national side against Uruguay in 1902."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "On 6 September 2011, Bangabandhu National Stadium hosted an international friendly football match between the full-strength Argentina and Nigeria teams, featuring Lionel Messi, Sergio Ag\u00fcero, Javier Mascherano and John Obi Mikel among the other star players of both nations."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Crest", "text": "The first emblem was a simplified version of the crest (without the laurel wreath, that was added for the 1982 World Cup).In 2004, the two stars added above the crest symbolized the national team FIFA World championships of 1978 and 1986."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the La Albiceleste, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Brazil", "text": "Argentina have a long and fierce rivalry with their South American neighbours."}], "text": "Argentina has always had an antagonistic relationship with the teams of the other nations around it.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974."}], "id": "l1pA0p8Bx84ZAwKjuUH1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953\u20131961)", "text": "On April 27, 1958, Richard and Pat Nixon reluctantly embarked on a goodwill tour of South America."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | 1960 and 1962 elections; wilderness years", "text": "In 1960 Nixon launched his first campaign for President of the United States."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Domestic policy | Governmental initiatives and organization", "text": "He eliminated the Cabinet-level United States Post Office Department, which in 1971 became the government-run United States Postal Service."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953\u20131961)", "text": "On his return to the United States at the end of 1953, Nixon increased the amount of time he devoted to foreign relations."}, {"section_header": "Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953\u20131961)", "text": "The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution had not yet been proposed, and the Vice President had no formal power to act."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In a 2011 paper on Nixon and the environment, historian Paul Charles Milazzo points to Nixon's creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and to his enforcement of legislation such as the 1973 Endangered Species Act, stating that \"though unsought and unacknowledged, Richard Nixon's environmental legacy is secure\"."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "He joined former Presidents Ford and Carter as representatives of the United States at the funeral of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat."}, {"section_header": "Military service", "text": "He did not enjoy the role, and four months later applied to join the United States Navy."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | China", "text": "Fearing the possibility of a Sino-American alliance, the Soviet Union yielded to pressure for d\u00e9tente with the United States."}], "text": "Richard Nixon is the thirty seventh president of the United States of America.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original 1993 Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg as executive producers."}], "id": "l2zeYuMR55wtlBssonoi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film better than the first Jurassic World but wrote \"... [Fallen Kingdom] ends up being just a so-so ride."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "On July 23, 2015, Universal announced that a sequel, referred to as Jurassic World 2, had been scheduled for a June 22, 2018, release date in the U.S."}, {"section_header": "Sequel", "text": "A sequel, Jurassic World: Dominion, began filming in February 2020, with Trevorrow returning as director and co-writer."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Having directed Jurassic World, Trevorrow was familiar with how animatronics worked and wrote scenes for the sequel that would allow for their use."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Sequel", "text": "Like Fallen Kingdom, filming is expected to take place at Pinewood Studios."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original 1993 Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg as executive producers."}], "text": "With Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, the same people who wrote the 2015 film came back for the 2018 sequel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "The only published text of Pericles, the 1609 quarto (all subsequent quartos were reprints of the original), is manifestly corrupt; it is often clumsily written and incomprehensible and has been interpreted as a pirated text reconstructed from memory by someone who witnessed the play (much like theories surrounding the 1603 \"bad quarto\" of Hamlet)."}], "id": "l6EuVjb4A1W2LI2PU3eW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of Tyre in Phoenicia (Lebanon), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an incestuous relationship with his daughter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a Jacobean play written at least in part by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the First Folio."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "After John Arthos' 1953 article \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre: A Study in the Dramatic Use of Romantic Narrative,\" scholars began to find merits and interesting facets within the play's dramaturgy, narrative and use of the marvelous."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The plan is thwarted when pirates kidnap Marina and then sell her to a brothel in Mytilene."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles departs to rule Tyre, leaving Marina in the care of Cleon and Dionyza."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Fortunately, one of the fishermen drags Pericles' suit of armour on shore that very moment, and the prince decides to enter the tournament."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Pericles returns to Tyre, where his trusted friend and counsellor Helicanus advises him to leave the city, for Antiochus surely will hunt him down."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "The only published text of Pericles, the 1609 quarto (all subsequent quartos were reprints of the original), is manifestly corrupt; it is often clumsily written and incomprehensible and has been interpreted as a pirated text reconstructed from memory by someone who witnessed the play (much like theories surrounding the 1603 \"bad quarto\" of Hamlet)."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "However, Pericles has fled the city in disgust."}], "text": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre, was definitely not pirated by unscrupulous theater-goers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pericles, Prince of Tyre"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}], "id": "l7m1V8XbU7h0aqcfLdM7", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He served as the Governor of Rhode Island from 1866 to 1869, and as a United States Senator for Rhode Island from 1875 until his death."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "In October 1853, Burnside resigned his commission in the United States Army and was appointed commander of the Rhode Island state militia with the rank of major general."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | The Crater", "text": "The United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War later exonerated Burnside and placed the blame for the Union defeat at the Crater on General Meade for requiring the specially trained USCT (United States Colored Troops) men to be withdrawn."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "In 1874 Burnside was elected by the Rhode Island Senate as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, was re-elected in 1880, and served until his death in 1881."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Burnside, Kentucky, in south-central Kentucky, is a small town south of Somerset named for the former site of Camp Burnside, near the former Cumberland River town of Point Isabelle."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "Burnside was a Companion of the Massachusetts Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society of Union officers and their descendants, and served as the Junior Vice Commander of the Massachusetts Commandery in 1869."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "In 1876 Burnside was elected as commander of the New England Battalion of the Centennial Legion, the title of a collection of 13 militia units from the original 13 states, which participated in the parade in Philadelphia on July 4, 1876, to mark the centennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "He obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1843 through his father's political connections and his own interest in military affairs; Caleb Blood Smith recounted Burnside's brash application to the military academy."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | The Crater", "text": "In December, Burnside met with President Lincoln and General Grant about his future."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}], "text": "Former United States Senator Ambrose Everett Burnside was president of the NRA.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Unforgiven is a 1992 American revisionist Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1881 in Big Whiskey, Wyoming, two cowboys\u2014Quick Mike and \"Davey-Boy\" Bunting\u2014attack and disfigure prostitute Delilah Fitzgerald with a knife after she laughs at Quick Mike's small penis."}], "id": "lDOglJ3gx9rJBiZiKHsC", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies \u2013 #98 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Despite his initial reservations, Ebert eventually included the film in his \"The Great Movies\" list.\"Unforgiven"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It spent a total of 3 weeks as the No. 1 film in North America."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked Peoples' script for Unforgiven as the 30th greatest ever written."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film closed on July 15, 1993, having spent nearly a full year in theaters (343 days / 49 weeks), having earned $101,157,447 in North America, and another $58,000,000 internationally for a total of $159,157,447 worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Unforgiven is a 1992 American revisionist Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In 1881 in Big Whiskey, Wyoming, two cowboys\u2014Quick Mike and \"Davey-Boy\" Bunting\u2014attack and disfigure prostitute Delilah Fitzgerald with a knife after she laughs at Quick Mike's small penis."}], "text": "This is a comedy movie set in the backdrop of the \"Old West\" of America.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Unforgiven"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "id": "lDkZN1pdoxKTQh1Jginj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "as their shortstop, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be their left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 years with the St. Louis Cardinals (1945\u20131956, 1961\u20131963), New York Giants (1956\u20131957) and Milwaukee Braves (1957\u20131960), and was named to 10 All Star teams."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "He was also the last living member of the Cardinals team that won the 1946 World Series, opposing Doerr's Boston Red Sox team."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In the spring of 1942, he participated in a St. Louis Cardinals open tryout with about 400 other hopefuls."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox\u2014Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989."}], "text": "Red Schoendienst was a member of the St. Louis Cardinals for over sixty years and a hall of famer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death | Later events | Finances", "text": "Diana also left her butler Paul Burrell around \u00a350,000 in cash."}], "id": "lGoHgTcwb95H2jSzsKTA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Public image", "text": "Paul Burrell, who worked as a butler for the Princess, remembered her as a \"deep thinker\" capable of \"introspective analysis\"."}, {"section_header": "Death | Later events | Finances", "text": "Diana also left her butler Paul Burrell around \u00a350,000 in cash."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Princess Diana Memorial Austria is the first memorial dedicated to Diana, Princess of Wales, in a German-speaking country."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens, London"}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Divorce", "text": "Diana lost the style \"Her Royal Highness\" and instead was styled Diana, Princess of Wales."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "The English text on souvenir sheets issued reads \"DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES"}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Rosa 'Princess of Wales', a white blend rose cultivar, is named in honour of Diana."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas", "text": "The Diana Princess of Wales Health Education and Media Centre in Noida, India, was opened in her honour in November 1999, funded by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to give social support to the people affected by leprosy and disability."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In October 1981, the Prince and Princess visited Wales."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions across the Commonwealth realms."}], "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales, willed $50,000 to her butler.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Layout", "text": "According to the site's current architect, Pedro Salmeron Escobar, the Alhambra evolved organically over a period of several centuries from the ancient hilltop fortress defined by a narrow promontory carved by the river Darro and overlooking the Vega or Plain of Granada as it descends from the Sierra Nevada."}], "id": "lKc9OnoQQSREr8wXZwwF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "With little of the Byzantine influence of contemporary Abassid architecture, artists endlessly reproduced the same forms and trends, creating a new style that developed over the course of the Nasrid Dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In mathematics", "text": "This is a unique accomplishment in world architecture."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Over subsequent centuries the Moorish art was further damaged, and in 1812 some of the towers were destroyed by the French under Count Sebastiani."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Hall of the Ambassadors", "text": "Over them is a series of oval medallions with inscriptions, interwoven with flowers and leaves."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The Nasrids used freely all the stylistic elements that had been created and developed during eight centuries of Muslim rule in the Peninsula, including the Caliphate horseshoe arch, the Almohad sebka (a grid of rhombuses), the Almoravid palm, and unique combinations of them, as well as innovations such as stilted arches and muqarnas (stalactite ceiling decorations)."}, {"section_header": "Layout", "text": "According to the site's current architect, Pedro Salmeron Escobar, the Alhambra evolved organically over a period of several centuries from the ancient hilltop fortress defined by a narrow promontory carved by the river Darro and overlooking the Vega or Plain of Granada as it descends from the Sierra Nevada."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Court of the Myrtles", "text": "Underneath it, to the right, was the principal entrance, and over it are three windows with arches and miniature pillars."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Court of the Myrtles", "text": "From this court, the walls of the Torre de Comares are seen rising over the roof to the north and reflected in the pond."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "It is a place where artists and intellectuals had taken refuge as the Reconquista by Spanish Christians won victories over Al Andalus."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The first reference to al-\u1e24amr\u0101\u02bc  came in lines of poetry attached to an arrow shot over the ramparts, recorded by Ibn Hayyan: Completed towards the end of Muslim rule of Spain by Yusuf I (1333\u20131353) and Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada (1353\u20131391), the Alhambra is a reflection of the culture of the last centuries of the Muslim rule of Al Andalus, reduced to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada."}], "text": "The Alhambra has been renovated over and over for centuries, creating a unique architectural aesthetic.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The war provided an opportunity for American officials such as Andrew Jackson, Lewis Cass, and John Reynolds to compel Native American tribes to sell their lands east of the Mississippi River and move to the West, a policy known as Indian removal."}], "id": "lLuDDAqPxoi2jUjLKp36", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Final campaign | Bad Axe", "text": "The group tracked down about ten Sauks, only two of whom were warriors."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Tribes along the Upper Mississippi had long fought for control of diminishing hunting grounds, and the Black Hawk War provided an opportunity for some Natives to resume a war that had nothing to do with Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "The leader of this group was Keokuk, who had helped defend Saukenuk against the Americans during the War of 1812."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Most accounts of the Black Hawk War focus on the conflict between Black Hawk and the United States, but historian John Hall argues that this overlooks the perspective of many Native American participants."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the \"British Band\", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "By the time of the Black Hawk War, the population of the two tribes was about 6,000 people."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War was a brief  conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The Black Hawk War marked the end of Native armed resistance to U.S. expansion in the Old Northwest"}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "Black Hawk, a war captain who had fought against the United States in the War of 1812 and was now in his 60s, emerged as the leader of this faction in 1829."}, {"section_header": "Black Hawk's return", "text": "When Wabokieshiek joined the British Band in 1832, he would become the ranking Sauk civil chief in the group."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath | Treaties and removals", "text": "The war provided an opportunity for American officials such as Andrew Jackson, Lewis Cass, and John Reynolds to compel Native American tribes to sell their lands east of the Mississippi River and move to the West, a policy known as Indian removal."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War was a war fought between two groups and one group ended up selling their land to the government.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi: My father had two wives, and they bore him four sons and seven daughters."}], "id": "lVtd8KPFLfVbpldyPEmJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi: My father had two wives, and they bore him four sons and seven daughters."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Quotation from Puyi (referring only to his first four wives): ... they were not real wives and were only there for show."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Briton Sir Reginald Johnston arrived in the Forbidden City as Puyi's tutor on 3 March 1919."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "-1-60239-732-3.  \u2013 translation"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "\"During \"During the war , Puyi became estranged from his father, as his half-brother Pu Ren stated in an interview:  ... after 1941 Puyi's father had written him off."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "On 3 April 1937, Puyi's younger full brother Prince Pujie was proclaimed heir apparent after marrying Lady Hiro Saga, a distant cousin of the Japanese Emperor Hirohito."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi, who was sexually inexperienced and timid, fled from the bridal chamber, leaving his wives to sleep in the Dragon Bed by themselves."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "During Puyi's coronation in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on 2 December 1908, the young emperor was carried onto the Dragon Throne by his father."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "His father could do nothing except"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi's father, Prince Chun, served as a regent until 6 December 1911, when Empress Dowager Longyu took over following the Xinhai Revolution."}], "text": "Puyi's father had 3 wives.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."}], "id": "lZm53TC2OaNSLMBCnAs1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "From 1907 to 1920, Jennings was the manager of the Detroit Tigers, where he was known for his colorful antics, hoots, whistles, and his famous shouts of \"Ee-Yah!\" from the third base coaching box."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "In 1907, Jennings was hired as manager of a talented Detroit Tigers team that included future Hall of Famers Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "The teams featured Hall of Fame manager Ned Hanlon and a lineup with six future Hall of Famers: first baseman Dan Brouthers, second baseman John McGraw, shortstop Jennings, catcher Wilbert Robinson,"}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "During his years as Detroit's manager, Jennings became famous for his antics, mostly in the third base coaching box, which variously included shouts of \"Ee-Yah\", and other whoops, whistles, horns, gyrations, jigs, and grass-plucking."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "Ee-yah: The Life And Times Of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall Of Famer) Behind the antics was a great coaching mind."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "Jennings played 6 games for the Superbas in 1903, effectively ending his playing career, with the exception of 9 at bats during his tenure as the manager of the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "After the 1899 season, Jennings was accepted to Cornell Law School."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "Use your own judgment.. . . . ."}], "text": "As a manager for the Detroit Tigers, Hugh Jennings was known for his crazy antics, whistles, and sayings that he used while giving his his Hall of Fame acceptance speech.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses | Domestic uses", "text": "H2O Sulfuric acid at high concentrations is frequently the major ingredient in acidic drain cleaners which are used to remove grease, hair, tissue paper, etc."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "About 6% of uses are related to pigments and include paints, enamels, printing inks, coated fabrics and paper, and the rest is dispersed into a multitude of applications such as production of explosives, cellophane, acetate and viscose textiles, lubricants, non-ferrous metals, and batteries."}], "id": "lZpS8a0Yrd9GrOK9WkiL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence", "text": "When sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil are burned, sulfur dioxide is the main byproduct (besides the chief products carbon oxides and water)."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Electrolyte", "text": "Sulfuric acid acts as the electrolyte in lead\u2013acid batteries (lead-acid accumulator): At anode:  Pb + SO42\u2212"}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "About 6% of uses are related to pigments and include paints, enamels, printing inks, coated fabrics and paper, and the rest is dispersed into a multitude of applications such as production of explosives, cellophane, acetate and viscose textiles, lubricants, non-ferrous metals, and batteries."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Industrial hazards", "text": "The main occupational risks posed by this acid are skin contact leading to burns (see above) and the inhalation of aerosols."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Another important use for sulfuric acid is for the manufacture of aluminium sulfate, also known as paper maker's alum."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has a wide range of end applications including in domestic acidic drain cleaners, as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, in dehydrating a compound, and in various cleaning agents."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Aluminium sulfate is made by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid:  2"}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "This is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoric acid."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Domestic uses", "text": "H2O Sulfuric acid at high concentrations is frequently the major ingredient in acidic drain cleaners which are used to remove grease, hair, tissue paper, etc."}], "text": "The main product where sulfuric acid is used is car batteries.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Alternative and varied endings", "text": "Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound."}], "id": "ladzHqyg6sXhB1MJb3EW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "In April 2019, Coppola showed Apocalypse Now Final Cut for the 40th anniversary screening at the Tribeca Film Festival."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Caan wanted too much money for what was considered a minor part in the movie, and Harrison Ford was eventually cast instead."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Kilgore's quote, \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\", written by Milius, was number 12 on the AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes list and was also voted the greatest movie speech of all time in a 2004 poll."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Part Deux\u2014 A Filmmaker's Apology, in parody of the 1991 documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, about the making of Apocalypse Now."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "This new version is Coppola's preferred version of the film and has a runtime of three hours and three minutes, with Coppola having cut 20 minutes of the added material from Redux; the scenes deleted include the second encounter with the Playmates, parts of the plantation sequence, and Kurtz's reading of Time magazine."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of The Great Movies, stating: \"Apocalypse"}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Ziesmer also served as the film's assistant director."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "Coppola said that he made up for cutting this scene by having the PBR pass under an aircraft tail in the final cut."}, {"section_header": "Release | Alternative and varied endings", "text": "Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound."}], "text": "Apocalypse Now's director said the final part of the movie was written in a hurry.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Government | Administrative divisions", "text": "The state consists of only one municipality (commune), the Municipality of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Government | Administrative divisions", "text": "There is no geographical distinction between the State and City of Monaco, although responsibilities of the government (state-level) and of the municipality (city-level) are different."}], "id": "lapCZncri735r2JisZkL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Museums in Monaco", "text": "Monaco Top Cars Collection Napoleon Museum (Monaco) Oceanographic Museum"}, {"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "France-Monaco relations Monaco\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Reformed Church of Monaco", "text": "The Reformed Church of Monaco acts as a host-church to some other Christian communities, in that it allows them to use its Rue Louis Notari building."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Formula One", "text": "Since 1929, the Monaco Grand Prix has been held annually in the streets of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Since then Monaco has been independent."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Basketball", "text": "Multi-sport club AS Monaco owns AS Monaco Basket which was founded in 1928."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Football", "text": "Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality: the men's football club, AS Monaco FC, and the women's football club, OS Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Roman Catholicism", "text": "There are five Catholic parish churches in Monaco and one cathedral, which is the seat of the archbishop of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Sports | Other sports", "text": "Monaco has also competed in the Olympic Games, although, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Visual arts", "text": "Monaco has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the New National Museum of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Government | Administrative divisions", "text": "The state consists of only one municipality (commune), the Municipality of Monaco."}, {"section_header": "Government | Administrative divisions", "text": "There is no geographical distinction between the State and City of Monaco, although responsibilities of the government (state-level) and of the municipality (city-level) are different."}], "text": "Monaco is a city-state.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monaco"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "\u00c6thelred married Emma of Normandy, sister of Richard II, Duke of Normandy."}], "id": "lc6al3cMim2Ilys57bUI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The younger son was \u00c6thelred, whose mother, \u00c6lfthryth, Edgar had married in 964."}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "\u00c6thelred married Emma of Normandy, sister of Richard II, Duke of Normandy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His epithet does not derive from the modern word \"unready\", but rather from the Old English unr\u00e6d meaning \"poorly advised\"; it is a pun on his name, which means \"well advised\"."}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "Their known children are:  \u00c6thelstan \u00c6theling (died 1014) Ecgberht \u00c6theling (died c. 1005) Edmund Ironside (King of England, died 1016) Eadred \u00c6theling (died before 1013) Eadwig \u00c6theling (executed by Cnut 1017) Edgar \u00c6theling (died c. 1008) Eadgyth or Edith (married Eadric Streona) \u00c6lfgifu (married Uchtred the Bold, ealdorman of Northumbria) Their known children are:  \u00c6thelstan \u00c6theling (died 1014) Ecgberht \u00c6theling (died c. 1005) Edmund Ironside (King of England, died 1016) Eadred \u00c6theling (died before 1013) Eadwig \u00c6theling (executed by Cnut 1017) Edgar \u00c6theling (died c. 1008) Eadgyth or Edith (married Eadric Streona) \u00c6lfgifu (married Uchtred the Bold, ealdorman of Northumbria) Wulfhild? (married Ulfcytel Snillingr) Abbess of Wherwell Abbey?In 1002"}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "Their children were:  Edward the Confessor (King of England, died 1066) \u00c6lfred \u00c6theling (died 1036\u201337) Godgifu or Goda of England (married 1."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\u00c6thelred II (Old English: \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d, pronounced [\u00e6\u00f0elr\u00e6\u02d0d]; c. 966 \u2013 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death."}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "\u00c6thelred's first name, composed of the elements \u00e6\u00f0ele, \"noble\", and r\u00e6d, \"counsel, advice\", is typical of the compound names of those who belonged to the royal House of Wessex, and it characteristically alliterates with the names of his ancestors, like \u00c6thelwulf (\"noble-wolf\"), \u00c6lfred (\"elf-counsel\"), Eadweard (\"rich-protection\"), and Eadgar (\"rich-spear\").\u00c6thelred's notorious nickname, Old English Unr\u00e6d, is commonly translated into present-day English as \"The Unready\" (less often, though less inaccurately, as \"The Redeless\")."}, {"section_header": "Marriages and issue", "text": "Though the failures of his government will always put \u00c6thelred's reign in the shadow of the reigns of kings Edgar, \u00c6thelstan, and Alfred, historians' current impression of \u00c6thelred's personal character is certainly not as unflattering as it once was: \"\u00c6thelred's misfortune as a ruler was owed not so much to any supposed defects of his imagined character, as to a combination of circumstances which anyone would have found difficult to control.\" \"[A] youth of graceful manners, handsome countenance and fine person...\" as well as \"[A] tall, handsome man, elegant in manners, beautiful in countenance and interesting in his deportment.\" \u00c6thelred married first \u00c6lfgifu, daughter of Thored, earl of Northumbria, in about 985."}], "text": "AEthelred the Unready did marry.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "AEthelred the Unready"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}], "id": "ldehPIYcp8VWUovGvxjm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of \"Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties,\" wrote that the book \"still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works.\" Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel \"essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love\u2014in short, to become mature.\" The title comes from the poem \"The Lonely Hunter\" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym \"Fiona MacLeod\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's \"devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.\" Rich stated that Spiros's status as a \"deaf mute\" \"signals that his role[...]is associated with government\" and serves as an \"arm\" of it."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "John Singer Singer, an engraver, was previously able to talk before becoming mute."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The Modern Library ranked the novel seventeenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."}], "text": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is a novel by British author and is about a deaf man named John.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton (who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band."}], "id": "lhh6LOu68AMuYUHFRi9X", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "Inc. Tour, members drew cards to determine which bunks on the tour bus they would sleep in."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "At around sunrise near D\u00f6rarp, Sweden, the bus driver lost control and skidded, which caused the bus to overturn several times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton (who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band."}, {"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "The making of Metallica and the following tour was documented in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica."}, {"section_header": "History | \"Big Four\" concerts, Lulu and Beyond Magnetic (2010\u20132012)", "text": "Metallica's World Magnetic Tour ended in Melbourne on November 21, 2010."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members and primary songwriters Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett, and bassist Robert Trujillo."}, {"section_header": "History | Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983\u20131985)", "text": "To support the release, Metallica embarked on the Kill 'Em All for One tour with Raven."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "Hetfield said:  I saw the bus lying right on him."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "I already wanted to kill the [bus driver]."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Metallica's induction into the Hall included its current lineup, James Hetfield, Kirk Hammett, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich, and former members Jason Newsted and Cliff Burton."}], "text": "Metallica's tour bus had an accident where one of its members tragically lost his life.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard II (6 January 1367 \u2013 c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399."}], "id": "lmbk8jOrQ5RRBoqa1ihm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "This resulted in the 10-year-old Richard succeeding to the throne."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard II (6 January 1367 \u2013 c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399."}, {"section_header": "Peasants' Revolt", "text": "The situation became tense once the rebels realised what had happened, but the king acted with calm resolve and, saying \"I am your captain, follow me!\", he led the mob away from the scene."}, {"section_header": "A fragile peace", "text": "There were some misgivings about the betrothal, in particular because the princess was then only six years old, and thus would not be able to produce an heir to the throne of England for many years."}, {"section_header": "A fragile peace", "text": "Furthermore, John of Gaunt returned to England in 1389 and settled his differences with the king, after which the old statesman acted as a moderating influence on English politics."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "The popular view of Richard has more than anything been influenced by Shakespeare's play about the king, Richard II."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "One of the first modern historians to deal with Richard II as a king and as a person was Bishop Stubbs."}, {"section_header": "A fragile peace", "text": "Richard was now over twenty-one years old and could with confidence claim the right to govern in his own name."}, {"section_header": "Coming of age", "text": "With Gaunt gone, the unofficial leadership of the growing dissent against the king and his courtiers passed to Buckingham \u2013 who had by now been created Duke of Gloucester \u2013 and Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel."}], "text": "Richard II became King of England at 10 years old and served as King until he passed away.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Richard II"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "I feel that Harvard can give me a better background and a better liberal education than any other university."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He graduated from Harvard University in 1940, before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year."}], "id": "lnrapswmaYuBL91a0hKz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Kennedy's maternal grandfather and namesake, John F. \"Honey Fitz\" Fitzgerald, served as a U.S. Congressman and was elected to two terms as Mayor of Boston."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "I feel that Harvard can give me a better background and a better liberal education than any other university."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1961\u20131963)", "text": "John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "John F. Kennedy's grave is lit with an \"Eternal Flame\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "In 1940 Kennedy completed his thesis, \"Appeasement in Munich\", about British negotiations during the Munich Agreement."}, {"section_header": "Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships", "text": "Billings had his own room in which to stay at several of John F. Kennedy's residences."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945) | Commanding PT-59", "text": "Kennedy's two original medals are currently on display at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum."}, {"section_header": "Assassination | Funeral", "text": "According to the JFK Library, \"I Have a Rendezvous with Death\", by Alan Seeger \"was one of John F. Kennedy's favorite poems and he often asked his wife to recite it\"."}, {"section_header": "Congressional career (1947\u20131960) | Senate (1953\u20131960)", "text": "The U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy Story, which exhibited a day in the life of the Senator and showcased his family life as well as the inner workings of his office to solve Massachusetts-related issues."}, {"section_header": "U.S. Navy Reserve (1941\u20131945)", "text": "Kennedy completed his training on December 2 and was assigned to Motor Torpedo Squadron"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He graduated from Harvard University in 1940, before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year."}], "text": "John F. Kennedy completed his higher education from Cornell University.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "John F. Kennedy"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "id": "lomthUnBQ9254VZ8AJ8M", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2008\u20132010: I Am... Sasha Fierce", "text": "I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "She endorsed Beto O'Rourke during the 2018 United States Senate election in Texas."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love", "text": "In June 2019, Lemonade was certified 3\u00d7 Platinum, having sold up to 3 million album-equivalent units in the United States alone."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love", "text": "The song reached number-one in the United States, becoming Beyonc\u00e9's sixth song of her solo career to do so."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 has stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama (the 44th First Lady of the United States), saying \"she proves you can do it all,\" and has described Oprah Winfrey as \"the definition of inspiration and a strong woman."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1981\u20131996: Early life", "text": "Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "The second international single \"Irreplaceable\" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2003\u20132005: Dangerously in Love and Destiny Fulfilled", "text": "The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2006\u20132007: B'Day", "text": "It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyonc\u00e9's second consecutive number-one album in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1997\u20132002: Destiny's Child", "text": "The album spawned other number-one hits, \"Bootylicious\" and the title track, \"Survivor\", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child."}], "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 is from the Southern United States and joined a group of musicians performing as their star.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Three-step model", "text": "In the X-ray regime, the photoelectric effect in crystalline material is often decomposed into three steps: Inner photoelectric effect (see photo diode below)."}], "id": "lvMPbrmkA08GjMSUnytI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cross section", "text": "Z                                n                                                        E                                3                                                                 {\\displaystyle"}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Gold-leaf electroscope", "text": "An electroscope is an important tool in illustrating the photoelectric effect."}, {"section_header": "Cross section", "text": "Indeed, even if the photoelectric effect is the favoured reaction for a particular single-photon bound-electron interaction, the result is also subject to statistical processes and is not guaranteed, even if the photon has certainly disappeared and a bound electron has been excited (usually K or L shell electrons at gamma ray energies)."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Spacecraft", "text": "The photoelectric effect will cause spacecraft exposed to sunlight to develop a positive charge."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission", "text": "The theory of the source of photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface."}, {"section_header": "Cross section", "text": "At the high photon energies comparable to the electron rest energy of 511 keV, Compton scattering, another process, may take place."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Image sensors", "text": "Video camera tubes in the early days of television used the photoelectric effect, for example, Philo Farnsworth's \"Image dissector\" used a screen charged by the photoelectric effect to transform an optical image into a scanned electronic signal."}, {"section_header": "Uses and effects | Moon dust", "text": "Light from the sun hitting lunar dust causes it to become positively charged from the photoelectric effect."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "This was an enormous theoretical leap, but the concept was strongly resisted at first because it contradicted the wave theory of light that followed naturally from James Clerk Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic behavior, and more generally, the assumption of infinite divisibility of energy in physical systems."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Mathematical description", "text": "\\displaystyle f>f_{0}}    for the photoelectric effect to occur."}, {"section_header": "Emission mechanism | Three-step model", "text": "In the X-ray regime, the photoelectric effect in crystalline material is often decomposed into three steps: Inner photoelectric effect (see photo diode below)."}], "text": "The photoelectric effect is generally broken down into 3 processes.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Photoelectric effect"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians, and composers."}], "id": "lxbE7rEia0xm2b6tYOxL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Compositions | Copies, arrangements and works with an uncertain attribution", "text": "TWV 32:14) and Handel (arias from Brockes Passion), and music from members of his own family."}, {"section_header": "Compositions | Cantatas | Secular cantatas", "text": "Bach also wrote secular cantatas, for instance for members of the royal Polish and prince-electoral Saxonian families Bach also wrote secular cantatas, for instance for members of the royal Polish and prince-electoral Saxonian families (e.g. Trauer-Ode), or other public or private occasions (e.g. Hunting Cantata)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "Bach's surviving family members, who inherited a large part of his manuscripts, were not all equally concerned with preserving them, leading to considerable losses."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach."}, {"section_header": "Life", "text": "His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, was the director of the town musicians, and all of his uncles were professional musicians."}, {"section_header": "Life", "text": "Bach was born in 1685 in Eisenach, in the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, into an extensive musical family."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians, and composers."}, {"section_header": "Life | Weimar, Arnstadt, and M\u00fchlhausen (1703\u20131708)", "text": "Despite strong family connections and a musically enthusiastic employer, tension built up between Bach and the authorities after several years in the post."}, {"section_header": "Life | K\u00f6then (1717\u20131723)", "text": "In 1730, Bach's oldest son, Wilhelm Friedemann, travelled to Halle to invite Handel to visit the Bach family in Leipzig, but the visit did not take place."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "The early devotees were not all musicians; for example, in Berlin, Daniel Itzig, a high official of Frederick the Great's court, venerated Bach."}], "text": "Bach had family members that were musicians.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johann Sebastian Bach"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}], "id": "m4CLjScnobDYAoLLgJ00", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A pseudo-melanistic leopard has a normal background color, but the spots are more densely packed than normal and merge to obscure the golden-brown background color."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 2009, a black jaguar was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In 1801, F\u00e9lix de Azara described a black jaguar observed by local people near the Paran\u00e1 River in Paraguay."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "Melanism in the jaguar is conferred by a dominant allele."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present."}, {"section_header": "Culture and literature", "text": "Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be \"the black panther\" from a local legend"}], "text": "Black Panther is the main color of all the leopards and jaguars.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "MacMurray relates that after the film's release he was accosted by women in the street who berated him for making a \"dirty filthy movie\", and one of them hit him with her purse."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}], "id": "m6CKXmrT3SbMenEVCyPH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "A recording by Ferrante & Teicher, released as \"Theme from The Apartment\", reached #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart later in 1960."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "MacMurray relates that after the film's release he was accosted by women in the street who berated him for making a \"dirty filthy movie\", and one of them hit him with her purse."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1960, the film doubled its $3 million budget at the U.S. box office."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Within a few years after The Apartment's release, the routine use of black-and-white film in Hollywood had ended."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 1994, The Apartment was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 2002, a poll of film directors conducted by Sight and Sound magazine listed the film as the 14th greatest film of all time (tied with La Dolce Vita)."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}], "text": "The 1960 film The Apartment was considered filthy when it was released.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Gravity received ten nominations at the 86th Academy Awards; together with American Hustle it received the greatest number of nominations for the 2014 ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Bullock, and Best Production Design."}], "id": "m9HS6hekX7R8S8vAqcnP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Gravity received eleven nominations at the 67th British Academy Film Awards, more than any other film of 2013."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Cuar\u00f3n was the most-nominated person at the awards; he was nominated for five awards, including his nominations as producer for Best Film awards and editor."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Gravity earned $27.4 million in its opening weekend overseas from 27 countries with $2.8 million from roughly 4,763 screens."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "Gravity received ten nominations at the 86th Academy Awards; together with American Hustle it received the greatest number of nominations for the 2014 ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Bullock, and Best Production Design."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "The film's US release coincided with the beginning of World Space Week, which was observed from October 4 to 10."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film earned accolades from numerous critics and guilds."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "Gravity topped the box office and broke the record held by Paranormal Activity 3 (2011) as the highest-earning October and autumn openings, grossing $55.8 million from 3,575 theaters."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Getting into the rig took a significant amount of time, so Bullock chose to stay in it for up to 10 hours a day, communicating with others through a headset."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings, and reached $17.5 million on Friday."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "The Hollywood Reporter estimated that Bullock would earn at least $70 million based on theatrical returns alone for the film."}], "text": "Gravity earned 10 nominations at the eighty sixth Oscars.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Gravity (film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children."}], "id": "mE7TuLkaL0fCgztGZlCi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Tess Harper, who co-starred, said Duvall inhabited the character so fully that she only got to know Mac Sledge and not Duvall himself."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall did do his own singing, insisting it be added to his contract that he sing the songs himself; Duvall said, \"What's the point if you're not going to do your own [singing]?"}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "Duvall has periodically worked in television from the 1990s on."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Foote has described Duvall as \"our number one actor\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall worked the floor at the GOP's 2008 national convention and, according to an August 29, 2008, MSNBC article, Duvall narrated most of the videos for the convention."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In 2001, Pedraza and Duvall founded the Robert Duvall Children's Fund to assist families in Northern Argentina through renovations of homes, schools, and medical facilities."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early career: 1952\u20131969", "text": "Foote, who collaborated with Duvall many more times over the course of their careers, said he believed Duvall had a particular love of common people and ability to infuse fascinating revelations into his roles."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall became an important presence in American films beginning in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Duvall endorsed Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2012."}], "text": "Duvall has 4 kids.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Bebop", "text": "It was not until 1945, when the recording ban was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Bud Powell and others had a substantial effect on the jazz world. (One of their first small-group performances together was rediscovered and issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945.) Bebop soon gained wider appeal among musicians and fans alike."}], "id": "mHCYQfyUmXAlMknw12cT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "The up-side of the summer was his introduction to Dizzy Gillespie by Step Buddy Anderson near 19th and Vine in the summer of 1940."}, {"section_header": "Career | Bebop", "text": "It was not until 1945, when the recording ban was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Bud Powell and others had a substantial effect on the jazz world. (One of their first small-group performances together was rediscovered and issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945.) Bebop soon gained wider appeal among musicians and fans alike."}, {"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "In 1942 Parker left McShann's band and played for one year with Earl Hines, whose band included Dizzy Gillespie, who later played with Parker as a duo."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death", "text": "Dizzy Gillespie paid for the funeral arrangements and organized a lying-in-state, a Harlem procession officiated by Congressman and Reverend Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., as well as a memorial concert."}, {"section_header": "Career | Bebop", "text": "In 1952, Parker and Gillespie released an album entitled Bird and Diz."}, {"section_header": "Career | Jazz at Massey Hall", "text": "In 1953, Parker performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, joined by Gillespie, Mingus, Powell and Roach."}, {"section_header": "Career | New York City", "text": "These young iconoclasts included Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, guitarist Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke."}, {"section_header": "Career | Bebop", "text": "\" Recording as Charlie Parker's Reboppers, Parker enlisted such sidemen as Gillespie and Miles Davis on trumpet, Curley Russell on bass and Max Roach on drums."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Parker was a blazingly fast virtuoso and introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "Other well-known Parker compositions include \"Ah-Leu-Cha\", \"Anthropology\", co-written with Gillespie, \"Confirmation\", \"Constellation\", \"Donna Lee\", \"Moose the Mooche\", \"Scrapple from the Apple\" and \"Yardbird Suite\", the vocal version of which is called \"What Price Love\", with lyrics by Parker."}], "text": "Parker was introduced to Dizzy Gillespie in 1940 and he collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie and others in 1945.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "John Wycliffe (; also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, Wickliffe; c. 1320s \u2013 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford."}], "id": "mJNwcgqynyY3HkIFIOMN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "In keeping with Wycliffe's belief that scripture was the only authoritative reliable guide to the truth about God, he became involved in efforts to translate the Bible into English."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "John Wycliffe (; also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, Wickliffe; c. 1320s \u2013 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford."}, {"section_header": "The English Bible", "text": "The whole was revised by Wycliffe's younger contemporary John Purvey in 1388."}, {"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "\"I indeed clove to none closer than to him, the wisest and most blessed of all men whom I have ever found.\" Thomas Netter highly esteemed John Kynyngham in that he \"so bravely offered himself to the biting speech of the heretic and to words that stung as being without the religion of Christ\"."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines | Attack on monasticism", "text": "In the 1380 Objections to Friars, he calls monks the pests of society, enemies of religion, and patrons and promoters of every crime."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "The bull of Gregory XI impressed upon them the name of Lollards, intended as an opprobrious epithet, but it became, to them, a name of honour."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "This view cost him the support of John of Gaunt and many others."}, {"section_header": "Last days", "text": "The \"Constitutions of Oxford\" of 1408 aimed to reclaim authority in all ecclesiastical matters, and specifically named John Wycliffe as it banned certain writings, and noted that translation of Scripture into English by unlicensed laity was a crime punishable by charges of heresy."}, {"section_header": "Career | Conflict with the Church", "text": "Lechler suggests that Wycliffe was targeted by John of Gaunt's opponents among the nobles and church hierarchy."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became an influential dissident within the Roman Catholic priesthood during the 14th century and is considered an important predecessor to Protestantism."}], "text": "John Wycliffe was an English scholar that became a professor in religion.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "John Wycliffe"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}], "id": "mPDurNa8rS8npTiXSnY4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film better than the first Jurassic World but wrote \"... [Fallen Kingdom] ends up being just a so-so ride."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Although motion capture was used in the previous film to depict Velociraptor, ILM determined after several tests the technology would not be adequate for depicting dinosaurs in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "The idea of selling weaponized dinosaurs was also in the rejected draft, which Trevorrow had read while writing the first Jurassic World film."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "'\"The character of Lowery, a park control-room employee from the previous Jurassic World film, was considered for a return in Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "\"The film is also based on concepts from Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park (1990) and its sequel The Lost World (1995), and includes dialogue from the first novel."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The film is the first entry in the Jurassic Park series to be presented in a widescreen 2.39:1 aspect ratio."}], "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom's first screening was at Canes Film Festival.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "id": "mQXFg6Cvo6mWyHkK704a", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to the work's content."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "In his 1918 essay A Retrospect, Pound wrote \"I think there is a 'fluid' as well as a 'solid' content, that some poems may have form as a tree has form, some as water poured into a vase."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In the next generation of American poets, Charles Olson also drew on Pound's example in writing his own unfinished Modernist epic, The Maximus Poems."}, {"section_header": "LXXIV\u2013LXXXIV [74-84] (The Pisan Cantos)", "text": "This thread then runs through the appearance of Kuanon, the Buddhist goddess of mercy, the moon spirit from Hagaromo (a Noh play translated by Pound some 40 years earlier), Sigismondo's lover Ixotta (linked in the text with Aphrodite via a reference to the goddess' birthplace Cythera), a girl painted by Manet and finally Aphrodite herself, rising from the sea on her shell and rescuing Pound/Odysseus from his raft."}, {"section_header": "Background | Controversy", "text": "/ The cause is AVARICE.\" However, even despite his earlier views, Pound still had defenders: Louis Zukofsky (who was Jewish) defended Pound on the basis of his personal knowledge of antisemitism on the level of human exchange \u2014 even though (according to William Cookson) their correspondence contained some of Pound's offensive views."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "The issue of incoherence of the work is reflected by the equivocal note sounded in the final two more-or-less completed cantos; according to William Cookson, the final two cantos show that Pound has been unable to make his materials cohere, while they insist that the world itself still does cohere."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "The kernel of this canto is the idea that the Roman Empire's preference for Christianity over Apollonius and its lack respect for its currency resulted in the almost total loss of the \"true\" religious tradition for a thousand years."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "An italicised section, claiming that the 1913 foundation of the Federal Reserve Bank, which took power over interest rates away from Congress, and the teaching of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud in American universities (\"beaneries\") are examples of what Julien Benda termed La trahison des clercs, contains antisemitic language."}, {"section_header": "LII\u2013LXI [52-61] (The China Cantos)", "text": "The canto also ascribes the Poundian motto (and title of a 1934 collection of essays) Make it New to the emperor Tching Tang."}, {"section_header": "LXXII\u2013LXXIII [72-73] (The Italian Cantos)", "text": "Written between 1944 and 1945.These two cantos, written in Italian, were not collected until their posthumous inclusion in the 1987 revision of the complete text of the poem."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "text": "The Cantos, though unfinished, still took over 40 years to write all of the content in its final collected form.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}], "id": "mRJeHG4kNmF9TKhrUZeG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "The Guardian ranked The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo #98 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Dragon with the Girl Tattoo (2010) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Book of essays", "text": "Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy (2011)."}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo sold over 30 million copies by 2010."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "The Girl with the Sandwich Tattoo: A cruel parody (2013) \u2013 Dragon Stiegsson"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The four-disc set includes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl Who Played with Fire \u2013 Extended Edition, The Girl"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. '"}, {"section_header": "Reception and awards", "text": "Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008.The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}, {"section_header": "Film adaptations", "text": "The Swedish film production company Yellow Bird created film versions of the first three Millennium books, all three films released in 2009, beginning with The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, directed by Danish filmmaker Niels Arden Oplev."}, {"section_header": "Parodies", "text": "Adam Roberts The Girl with the Sturgeon Tattoo (2011) \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954\u20132004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller."}], "text": "The book, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, came out after the author's death.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort."}], "id": "mXrS8tBk7sgF94GgU68b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The fort's defensive walls were largely spared, and the fortress was subsequently used as a garrison."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Baoli", "text": "The Red Fort Baoli is uniquely designed with two sets of staircases leading down to the well."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The INA trials, also known as the Red Fort Trials, refer to the courts-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal."}, {"section_header": "Major structures", "text": "The most important surviving structures are the walls and ramparts, the main gates, the audience halls and the imperial apartments on the eastern riverbank."}, {"section_header": "Architecture", "text": "The Red Fort has an area of 254.67 acres (103.06 ha) enclosed by 2.41 kilometres (1.50 mi) of defensive walls, punctuated by turrets and bastions that vary in height from 18 metres (59 ft) on the river side to 33 metres (108 ft) on the city side."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The internal weakness of the Mughal Empire made the Mughals titular heads of Delhi, and a 1752 treaty made the Marathas protectors of the throne at Delhi."}, {"section_header": "Major structures | Rang Mahal", "text": "Its name means \"Palace of Colours\", since it was brightly painted and decorated with a mosaic of mirrors."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort."}], "text": "The Red Fortress in India has artistically mirrored walls that are made as though the architect had drawn a line straight down the center of the main stairs for their point of reference.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Fort"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "Trotsky was then taken to a hospital and operated on, surviving for more than a day, but dying, at the age of 60, on 21 August 1940 from exsanguination and shock."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study by Spanish-born NKVD agent Ram\u00f3n Mercader, who used an ice axe as a weapon."}], "id": "mbDGeg8x0N1fm6kKlyMf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "A mountaineering ice axe has a narrow end, called the pick, and a flat wide end called the adze."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study by Spanish-born NKVD agent Ram\u00f3n Mercader, who used an ice axe as a weapon."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "Mercader later testified at his trial:I laid my raincoat on the table in such a way as to be able to remove the ice axe which was in the pocket."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "The moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice axe from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Civil War (1918\u20131920) | 1918", "text": "While passing through Ryazan, I decided to take a look at them."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "The adze of the axe wounded Trotsky, fracturing his parietal bone and penetrating 7 cm (2.8 in) into his brain."}, {"section_header": "Contributions to Marxist theory | Permanent Revolution", "text": "Thus, the accomplishment of bourgeois democratic tasks passes over into proletarian tasks."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Civil War (1918\u20131920) | 1920", "text": "It was not until early 1921, due to economic collapse and social uprisings, that Lenin and the rest of the Bolshevik leadership abandoned War Communism in favor of the New Economic Policy."}, {"section_header": "Russian Revolution and aftermath | Fate of Left Oppositionists after Trotsky's exile (1929\u20131941)", "text": "According to Heijenoort, they only managed to meet Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, who reportedly told them that his father was indisposed, but promised to pass on their request."}, {"section_header": "Exile (1929\u20131940)", "text": "Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence."}, {"section_header": "Assassination", "text": "Trotsky was then taken to a hospital and operated on, surviving for more than a day, but dying, at the age of 60, on 21 August 1940 from exsanguination and shock."}], "text": "Trotsky passed due to complications from an assault with an ice axe.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Leon Trotsky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Doctrines | Views on the papacy", "text": "In each Wycliffe has two approaches: he attacks both the Papacy and its institutions, and also Roman Catholic doctrine."}, {"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "The Council of Constance declared Wycliffe a heretic on 4 May 1415, and banned his writings, effectively both excommunicating him retroactively and making him an early forerunner of Protestantism."}], "id": "mbaSN9NhTHeHU6gBEBHg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "The revolt was sparked in part by Wycliffe's preaching carried throughout the realm by \"poor priests\" appointed by Wycliffe (mostly laymen)."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines", "text": "There is one universal Church, and outside of it there is no salvation."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines", "text": "It was Wycliffe who recognised and formulated one of the two major formal principles of the Reformation \u2013 the unique authority of the Bible for the belief and life of the Christian."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "From his frequent references to it in later life, it appears to have made a deep and abiding impression upon him."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, one of the Church of England's designated Evangelical theological colleges."}, {"section_header": "Anti-Wycliffe synod", "text": "When this was announced to Wycliffe, he declared that no one could change his convictions."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It is not known when he first came to Oxford, with which he was so closely connected until the end of his life, but he is known to have been at Oxford around 1345."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines | Views on the papacy", "text": "In each Wycliffe has two approaches: he attacks both the Papacy and its institutions, and also Roman Catholic doctrine."}, {"section_header": "Doctrines", "text": "Theologically, his preaching expressed a strong belief in predestination that enabled him to declare an \"invisible church of the elect\", made up of those predestined to be saved, rather than in the \"visible\" Catholic Church."}, {"section_header": "Career | Conflict with the Church", "text": "On 22 May 1377 Pope Gregory XI sent five copies of a bull against Wycliffe, dispatching one to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the others to the Bishop of London, King Edward III, the Chancellor, and the university; among the enclosures were 18 theses of his, which were denounced as erroneous and dangerous to Church and State."}, {"section_header": "Declared a heretic", "text": "The Council of Constance declared Wycliffe a heretic on 4 May 1415, and banned his writings, effectively both excommunicating him retroactively and making him an early forerunner of Protestantism."}], "text": "Wycliffe was on good terms with the Catholic Church throughout his life.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "John Wycliffe"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "He was the twelfth of thirteen children born into the Welsh-speaking family of Richard Walter Jenkins Sr. (1876\u20131957), and Edith Maude Jenkins (n\u00e9e Thomas; 1883\u20131927)."}], "id": "mcQ1d6qsq8F0AtcabiDV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | Later career and final years (1970\u20131984)", "text": "He attributed not having a knighthood to changing his residence from London to C\u00e9ligny to escape taxes."}, {"section_header": "Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960\u20131969)", "text": "Nichols was hired to helm the project at Taylor's request, despite having never directed a film."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "As a result, Richard became Philip's legal ward and changed his surname to \"Richard Burton\", after Philip's own surname, by means of deed poll, which Richard's father accepted."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "Philip called Richard \"my son to all intents and purposes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Burton,  (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 \u2013 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "Richard called the experience \"the most hardworking and painful period\" in his life."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "Richard was bolstered by winning the Eisteddfod Prize and wanted to repeat his success."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "The entire play did not have any dialogues, but Alpert noted that Richard \"mimed his role\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "It was also in 1943 that Richard qualified for admission into a University after excelling in the School Certificate Examination."}, {"section_header": "Early life | The Philip Burton years", "text": "It was also during this period that Richard took up smoking and drinking despite being underage."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Childhood", "text": "He was the twelfth of thirteen children born into the Welsh-speaking family of Richard Walter Jenkins Sr. (1876\u20131957), and Edith Maude Jenkins (n\u00e9e Thomas; 1883\u20131927)."}], "text": "Richard Burton did not have siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Burton"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}], "id": "mct5GktZKEKInj4vl4BQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Indians", "text": "In 2001 he was selected as one of the Indians' 100 greatest players."}, {"section_header": "Later years", "text": "\"Who Is the Greatest Yankee?\" Adams ranked Gordon as the 9th-greatest Yankees' position player in franchise history."}, {"section_header": "Later years", "text": "Gordon next became a player-manager with the Pacific Coast League's (PCL) Sacramento Solons in 1951\u201352."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Gordon was the outstanding player at his position during the 1940s, winning the 1942 American League MVP Award and being named to The Sporting News"}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "Gordon departed New York after precisely 1,000 games and 1,000 hits: the only player in baseball history with those statistics."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "Over Doby's first two seasons, Gordon became close to the player who was theoretically there to replace him, and Doby would later refer to him as his first friend in white baseball; however, reports that Gordon deliberately struck out in Doby's first game to keep him from looking bad are erroneous."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "Additionally, he played a major role in befriending teammate Larry Doby, the AL's first black player, who had been a second baseman in the Negro Leagues but became a center fielder with Cleveland."}, {"section_header": "Later years", "text": "On December 7, 2008, Gordon was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee with 10 out of 12 possible votes, 83.3%, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 26, 2009; of the 20 candidates on two ballots, he was the only player to be selected."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "With Gordon-ally Joe McCarthy resigning from the Yankees club in May 1946 and following his worst season in baseball, Gordon was in trouble."}], "text": "American baseball player Joe Gordon was nicknamed \"Clappy\" played for the Indians and the Solons and was considered one of the former's 100 greatest players.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Gordon"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "id": "me8grVMwpQ38NUhrRJax", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bront\u00eb's only finished novel, it was written between October 1845 and June 1846."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "While it was perhaps grander than Wuthering Heights, the hall had grotesque embellishments of griffins and misshapen nude males similar to those described by Lockwood in Chapter 1 of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The screenplay was written by Raquel Villavicencio."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "Canadian author Hilary Scharper's ecogothic novel Perdita (2013) was deeply influenced by Wuthering Heights, namely in terms of the narrative role of powerful, cruel and desolate landscapes."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Theatre", "text": "The novel has been popular in opera and theatre, including operas written by Bernard Herrmann, Carlisle Floyd, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chaslin (most cover only the first half of the book) and a musical by Bernard J. Taylor."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "The song \"Emily\" by folk artist Billie Marten is written from Bront\u00eb's perspective."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "The volumes are powerfully written records of wickedness and they have a moral \u2013 they show what Satan could do with the law of Entail."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"The American Whig Review wrote \"Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "The author has been described as sarcastic \"toward Lockwood\u2014who fancies himself a world-weary romantic but comes across as an effete snob\", and there are \"subtler hints that Nelly\u2019s perspective is influenced by her own biases\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "text": "The novel is written by a male author.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 10, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Majjhima Nikaya 4 also mentions that Gautama lived in \"remote jungle thickets\" during his years of spiritual striving and had to overcome the fear that he felt while living in the forests."}], "id": "mheZtQDihV0289VXUfCz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Besides \"Buddha\" and the name Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama (Pali: Siddhattha Gotama), he was also known by other names and titles, such as Shakyamuni (\"Sage of the Shakyas\").In the early texts, the Buddha also often refers to himself as Tath\u0101gata (Sanskrit: [t\u0250\u02c8t\u02b0a\u02d0\u0261\u0250t\u0250])."}, {"section_header": "Physical characteristics | In early sources", "text": "Likewise, in MN 140, a mendicant who sees himself as a follower of the Buddha meets the Buddha in person but is unable to recognize him."}, {"section_header": "Teachings | Scholarly views on the earliest teachings", "text": "Numerous scholars of early Buddhism argue that most of the teachings found in the Early Buddhist texts date back to the Buddha himself."}, {"section_header": "Traditional biographies | Nature of traditional depictions", "text": "while in the Tevijjavacchagotta Sutta the Buddha himself states that he has never made a claim to being omniscient, instead he claimed to have the \"higher knowledges\" (abhij\u00f1\u0101)."}, {"section_header": "Previous lives", "text": "In biographies like the Buddhava\u1e43sa, this path is described as long and arduous, taking \"four incalculable ages\" (asamkheyyas).In these legendary biographies, the bodhisattva goes through many different births (animal and human), is inspired by his meeting of past Buddhas, and then makes a series of resolves or vows (pranidhana) to become a Buddha himself."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Gautama thus became known as the Buddha or \"Awakened One\"."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "However, Buddha's teachings deny the authority of the Vedas and the concepts of Brahman-Atman."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Consequently Buddhism is generally classified as a n\u0101stika school (heterodox, literally \"It is not so\") in contrast to the six orthodox schools of Hinduism."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "In Sikhism, Buddha is mentioned as the 23rd avatar of Vishnu in the Chaubis Avtar, a composition in Dasam Granth traditionally and historically attributed to Guru Gobind Singh."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening", "text": "Majjhima Nikaya 4 also mentions that Gautama lived in \"remote jungle thickets\" during his years of spiritual striving and had to overcome the fear that he felt while living in the forests."}], "text": "Gautama allegedly housed himself in the outdoors.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter."}], "id": "miWlJJWcsSXkJHR4hLiF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Attempt to obtain Persian support (507 BC)", "text": "Nevertheless, the Athenians preferred to remain democratic despite the danger from the Achaemenid Empire, and the ambassadors were disavowed and censured upon their return to Athens."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "After this victory, Cleisthenes began to reform the government of Athens."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "With help from the Spartans and the Alcmaeonidae (Cleisthenes' genos, \"clan\") , he was responsible for overthrowing Hippias, the tyrant son of Pisistratus."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power, but Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "One later ancient author records that Cleisthenes himself was the first person to be ostracized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleomenes I, king of Sparta, put in place a pro-Spartan oligarchy headed by Isagoras."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes called these reforms isonomia (\"equality vis \u00e0 vis law\", iso-=equality; nomos=law), instead of demokratia."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes also may have introduced ostracism (first used in 487 BC), whereby a vote by a plurality of citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 510 BC, Spartan troops helped the Athenians overthrow their king, the tyrant Hippias, son of Peisistratos."}], "text": "Nobody is sure how Cleisthenes died despite his work with the Spartans and contributions to Athens.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cleisthenes"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Fingers's effectiveness as a relief pitcher helped redefine the value of relievers within baseball and helped usher in the modern closer role."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1977, 1978, and 1980 with the Padres."}], "id": "mjPXl7Mv3uGEXpojHya9", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Fingers and modern relief pitching", "text": "When Fingers reached the major leagues, the role of relief pitchers was limited, as starting pitchers rarely left games while holding a lead; but as team offense increased following the 1968 season, and especially with the American League's introduction of the designated hitter in 1973, managers became more willing to replace starters in the late innings with a lead in order to forestall any late rallies by opponents."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During the 1972 season, Fingers entered games in the fifth inning on four occasions, but mostly entered in the sixth inning or later."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Fingers's effectiveness as a relief pitcher helped redefine the value of relievers within baseball and helped usher in the modern closer role."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers was called upon as a reliever in a game on May 21, 1971, entering in the first inning against the Minnesota Twins in Oakland after starter Blue Moon Odom gave up three runs and three walks in just eight batters."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Other than those two games,  for the remainder of his career, his earliest entrance into a game was in the sixth inning, which happened on three more occasions."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "During that game, he gave up one run on four hits in five full innings."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "He pitched in relief of Teddy Higuera in the bottom of the eighth inning, facing two batters."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Mainly he entered in the seventh, eighth, or ninth innings."}, {"section_header": "Fingers and modern relief pitching", "text": "As a starter, he pitched 17 complete games, but was clobbered and eventually was moved back to the bullpen permanently.) As a starter, he pitched 17 complete games, but was clobbered and eventually was moved back to the bullpen permanently.) As a result, later teams have been more willing to move successful starters\u2014notably Dennis Eckersley, Dave Righetti, and John Smoltz\u2014to the permanent role of closer, with no plans to bring them back to the rotation. (Smoltz bucked that trend by successfully returning to the rotation in 2005.) In 2006, Bruce Sutter became the first pitcher in baseball history elected to the Hall of Fame who never started a game in his Major League career."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers pitched \u200b5 1\u20443 innings, allowing three hits and two runs."}, {"section_header": "Major league career", "text": "Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1977, 1978, and 1980 with the Padres."}], "text": "In Major League Baseball, award-winning Roland Fingers helped reinvent the advantage of relief players to replace the starters if the game lead was in their favor.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rollie Fingers"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manufacture", "text": "Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA)."}], "id": "mkGPlroCphGlcqXPjgID", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reactions with carbon", "text": "Hot concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes carbon (as bituminous coal) and sulfur."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "Although nearly 100% sulfuric acid solutions can be made, the subsequent loss of SO3 at the boiling point brings the concentration to 98.3% acid."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Aluminium sulfate is made by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid:  2"}, {"section_header": "Manufacture | Wet sulfuric acid process", "text": "2 H2O + 2 SO2 (\u2212518 kJ/mol)The sulfur dioxide then oxidized to sulfur trioxide using oxygen with vanadium(V) oxide as catalyst."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Laboratory hazards", "text": "Sulfuric acid must be stored carefully in containers made of nonreactive material (such as glass)."}, {"section_header": "Manufacture", "text": "Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA)."}, {"section_header": "Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property", "text": "Similarly, mixing starch into concentrated sulfuric acid will give elemental carbon and water as absorbed by the sulfuric acid (which becomes slightly diluted)."}, {"section_header": "Safety | Dilution hazards", "text": "On a laboratory scale, sulfuric acid can be diluted by pouring concentrated acid onto crushed ice made from de-ionized water."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sulfuric acid (American spelling) or sulphuric acid (English spelling), also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H2SO4."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is also often used as a dehydrating or oxidising agent in industrial reactions, such as the dehydration of various sugars to form solid carbon."}], "text": "Sulfuric acid is made from sulfur, oxygen and carbon.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although not a traditional ragtime song, Berlin's jaunty melody nonetheless \"sold a million copies of sheet music in 1911, then another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward."}], "id": "mkuQHWDsa9rtoX4hl95O", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "\" A relative of John Stillwell Stark, Joplin's music publisher, asserted \"the publication of 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' brought Joplin to tears because it was his [own] composition.\" As writer Edward A. Berlin notes in his work King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era: \"There were rumors heard throughout Tin Pan Alley to the effect that 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' had actually been written by a black man [Scott Joplin], and even a quarter-century later [composer]"}, {"section_header": "History | Composition and difficulties", "text": "Consequently, Carus is often cited as largely responsible for showcasing the song to the country and helping contribute to its immense popularity."}, {"section_header": "History | Cultural sensation", "text": "\" Historian Mark Sullivan later claimed that, with the auspicious debut of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band,\" Berlin abruptly had \"lifted ragtime from the depths of sordid dives to the apotheosis of fashionable vogue.\" Although not a traditional ragtime song, the positive international reception of \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" in 1911 led to a musical and dance revival known as \"the Ragtime Craze."}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "At the time, \"one of Berlin's functions at the Ted Snyder Music Company was to be on the lookout for publishable music by other composers."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "\"In 1937, Irving Berlin was approached by 20th Century Fox to write a story treatment for an upcoming film tentatively entitled Alexander's Ragtime Band."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "Consequently, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" had a dozen hit covers within the half-a-century prior to 1960.Decades later, reflecting upon the song's unlikely success"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although not a traditional ragtime song, Berlin's jaunty melody nonetheless \"sold a million copies of sheet music in 1911, then another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward."}, {"section_header": "History | Composition and difficulties", "text": "In early March 1911, 23-year-old composer Irving Berlin decided \"to try his hand at [writing] an instrumental ragtime number.\" By this time, the ragtime phenomenon sparked by African-American pianist Scott Joplin had begun to wane, and two decades had passed since the musical genre's heyday in the Gay Nineties."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "on August 5, 1938, Alexander's Ragtime Band starring Tyrone Power, Alice Faye, and Don Ameche was a smash hit and grossed in excess of five million dollars."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Berlin's \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" was introduced to the American public by vaudville comedienne Emma Carus, \"one of the great stars of the period.\" A popular singer in the 1907 Ziegfeld Follies and Broadway features"}], "text": "Alexander's Ragtime Band was immensely popular in a time where the popularity of music was gauged in the number of duplicates of the actual musical notation that were sold.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alexander's Ragtime Band"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "In an Instagram post, Kloss alleged that, during a party at a skating rink, Perry pulled down his sweatpants and underwear, exposing his penis to her male friends."}], "id": "mmW78lGqrNr3anSxL4HH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Tours", "text": "Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining"}, {"section_header": "Public image | Fashion", "text": "Vogue described her as \"never exactly one to shy away from the outrageous or the extreme in any realm\", while Glamour named her the \"queen of quirk\"."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "There's a song for anyone on that record; I relate to all those songs."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "In November 2012, Perry began work on her fourth album, Prism."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "She also recorded a duet with him on the EP, titled \"Legends Never Die\"."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "On social media, Perry surpassed Justin Bieber as the most followed person on Twitter in November 2013."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "In March 2015, she appeared in Brand: A Second Coming, a documentary following her ex-husband Russell Brand's transition from comedy work to activism, and released a concert film titled Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour through Epix, which took place during her tour of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "Following the release of her single \"Never Worn White\" in March 2020, Perry revealed in the accompanying music video that she is expecting her first child with Bloom."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "Perry subsequently was placed at number four on the 2019 \"Highest-Paid Women in Music\" listings with $57.5 million."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "In 2011, Forbes ranked Perry third on their \"Top-Earning Women In Music\" list with earnings of $44 million and fifth on their 2012 list with $45 million."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "In an Instagram post, Kloss alleged that, during a party at a skating rink, Perry pulled down his sweatpants and underwear, exposing his penis to her male friends."}], "text": "Katy Perry has never publically humiliated or harassed anyone that works with her, allegedly.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}], "id": "mmp6PH4tWlfccPxJNIcv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In a 1955 Lux Video Theatre adaptation, Edmond O'Brien had the lead, with a young Charles Bronson playing the part William Bendix took in the movie."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition."}], "text": "A Bell for Adano is a movie about a military man in in Sicily.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "A Bell for Adano"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Amidst all those great players, Jennings was appointed captain in 1894, his first full season with the team."}], "id": "mnl3teW511RS4CyRcFnv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Amidst all those great players, Jennings was appointed captain in 1894, his first full season with the team."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "The fiery Jennings was also known as one of the most fearless players of his time, allowing himself to be hit by pitches more than any other player."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a fiery, hard-nosed player who was not afraid to be hit by a pitch to get on base."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "He drew attention playing shortstop for a semi-professional baseball team in Lehighton, Pennsylvania in 1890."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "Ee-yah: The Life And Times Of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall Of Famer) Behind the antics was a great coaching mind."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "In 1899, when manager Ned Hanlon moved to the Brooklyn Superbas, several of his star players, including Jennings, Joe Kelley, and Willie Keeler followed."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "During his years as Detroit's manager, Jennings became famous for his antics, mostly in the third base coaching box, which variously included shouts of \"Ee-Yah\", and other whoops, whistles, horns, gyrations, jigs, and grass-plucking."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings was an American professional baseball player and became famous among all the great Baltimore players.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado."}], "id": "mpI9hQKq3OeGT0NmX8oo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her father then immigrated to Colombia at age 5."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics", "text": "In 1997, Shakira founded the Pies Descalzos Foundation, a Colombian charity with special schools for poor children all around Colombia."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During a flight from Barranquilla to Bogot\u00e1, Ariza convinced Sony Colombia executive Ciro Vargas to hold an audition for Shakira in a hotel lobby."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He arranged for Sony Colombia executives to arrive at the audition, with the idea of surprising them with Shakira's performance."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Though she was little known outside of her native Colombia at the time, Shakira was invited to perform at Chile's Vi\u00f1a del Mar International Song Festival in February 1993."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1995\u20132000: Latin breakthrough", "text": "Shakira originally recorded the song \"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s Coraz\u00f3n?\" (later released on her album Pies Descalzos) for the compilation album Nuestro Rock in 1994, released exclusively in Colombia."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1990\u20131995: Beginnings", "text": "Shakira's debut album, Magia, was recorded with Sony Music Colombia in 1990 when she was only 13 years old."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "Her tour dates for Latin America, started in Mexico City on 11 October and finished in Bogota, Colombia on 3 November."}], "text": "Shakira is from Colombia.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The one exception, she notes, was the annual Christmas Party, although Addams left the religious side to the church.\" Jane Addams is buried at Cedarville Cemetery, Cedarville, Illinois."}], "id": "mqh6HW62C2X1mUh06lWP", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Jane Addams's philosophy of peace is a type of positive peace."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "There is a Jane Addams Memorial Park located near Navy Pier in Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "In 2008 Jane Addams was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "The Jane Addams College of Social Work is a professional school at the University of Illinois at Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "In 2010, Huttner appeared as Jane Addams at a 150th Birthday Party sponsored by Rockford University (Jane Addams' alma mater), and in 2011, she appeared as Jane Addams at an event sponsored by the Chicago Park District."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Addams's father encouraged her to pursue higher education but close to home."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "Chicago activist Jan Lisa Huttner traveled throughout Illinois as Director of International Relations for AAUW-Illinois to help publicize the date, and later gave annual presentations about Jane Addams Day in costume as Jane Addams."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "Mary Jo Deegan, in her 1988 book Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918 was the first person to recover Addams influence on Sociology."}, {"section_header": "Relationships", "text": "Her second romantic partner was Mary Rozet Smith, who was financially wealthy and supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she shared a house."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Addams's work came to fruition after World War I, when major institutional bodies began to link peace with social justice and probe the underlying causes of war and conflict."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The one exception, she notes, was the annual Christmas Party, although Addams left the religious side to the church.\" Jane Addams is buried at Cedarville Cemetery, Cedarville, Illinois."}], "text": "Jane Addams's grave isn't in Chicago.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jane Addams"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}], "id": "mrgheha7nJSIkZ4ji9je", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio", "text": "Agnes Eckhardt wrote the adaptation, and Andrew C. Love was the director."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Over the years, old boys wrote to Geoffery Houghton, a master at The Leys and a historian of the school, confirming the links between Chipping and Balgarnie, who eventually died at Porthmadog at the age of 82."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Like Mr. Chips, Balgarnie was a strict disciplinarian, but would also invite boys to visit him for tea and biscuits."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}], "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is about a historian and his love for libraries.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards (winning for his performance in Tender Mercies) and seven Golden Globe Awards (winning four), and has won a BAFTA, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and an Emmy Award."}], "id": "mueTaWoTafts1u8tFIm7", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The three roommates have since earned, among themselves, 19 Academy Award nominations, with five wins."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards (winning for his performance in Tender Mercies) and seven Golden Globe Awards (winning four), and has won a BAFTA, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and an Emmy Award."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "In 2015, at age 84, Duvall became the oldest actor ever nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robert Selden Duvall (; born January 5, 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spans more than six decades."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later career: 1990\u2013present", "text": "He was nominated for a Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and Academy Award for his supporting role."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall received another Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor and won both a BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for his role as Lt. Colonel Kilgore in Apocalypse Now (1979)."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "He won a Golden Globe Award and earned an Emmy Award nomination."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "His first major critical success came portraying Tom Hagen in The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974), the 1972 film earning him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "Duvall became an important presence in American films beginning in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "Career | Mid career: 1970\u20131989", "text": "He won an Oscar for Best Actor as country western singer Mac Sledge in Tender Mercies (1983)."}], "text": "Robert Duvall is an American actor who has won five Academy Awards.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Robert Duvall"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The plays are about people who are driven by loneliness into a state of desperation."}], "id": "n3E4BSqmiCUnSCEPxHXe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays by Terence Rattigan, both taking place in the Beauregard Private Hotel, Bournemouth, on the south coast of England."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "She, having remarried, is now divorced a second time, and seeks a reconciliation with Martin."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "Separate Tables was presented at The Music Box in  New York on 25 October 1956."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "In The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson wrote \"Since Terence Rattigan has written a particularly fine play, it is only fair that it should be wonderfully well acted.\" The production won one Tony award (for Leighton as best dramatic actress) and was nominated for five more: for the play, the direction, and for three of the supporting cast, Neilson-Terry, Measor and William Podmore (as Fowler)."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "In an early draft of the play, Rattigan had Major Pollock's misdemeanour not as harassment of women but homosexual importuning; The critic Kenneth Tynan commented at the time of the premiere that the version used then was \"as good"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The plays are about people who are driven by loneliness into a state of desperation."}, {"section_header": "Synopses", "text": "\"Tynan also wrote that both plays are about people who are driven by loneliness into a state of desperation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The two main roles in both plays are written to be played by the same performers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The first play, titled Table by the Window, focuses on the troubled relationship between a disgraced Labour politician and his ex-wife."}, {"section_header": "Productions", "text": "After an out-of-town tryout in Manchester, Separate Tables had its premiere at the St James's Theatre in London on 22 September 1954, with the following cast: Mrs Shankland and Miss Railton-Bell \u2013 Margaret Leighton Mr Martin and Major Pollock \u2013 Eric Portman"}], "text": "Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays and are about people who are given a pill to make them happy but erases them memories from time to time and have to be put back on a table to reset them.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Separate Tables"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine."}], "id": "n4kfQCNzzjEITA6HxVRi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance | Preface", "text": "Earlier, before writing the preface, Wilde had written a book review of Herbert Giles's translation of the work of Zhuang Zhou."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Based on the 1891 book edition."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "It reproduces the 1891 book edition."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Based on the 1891 book edition."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Presents the 1890 Lippincott edition and the 1891 book edition side by side."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Criticism", "text": "The book critic of The Irish Times said, The Picture of Dorian Gray was \"first published to some scandal.\" Such book reviews achieved for the novel a \"certain notoriety for being 'mawkish and nauseous', 'unclean', 'effeminate' and 'contaminating'."}, {"section_header": "Allusions | Joris-Karl Huysmans", "text": "In the biography Oscar Wilde (1989), the literary critic Richard Ellmann said: Wilde does not name the book, but at his trial he conceded that it was, or almost [was],"}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Criticism", "text": "\" Such moralistic scandal arose from the novel's homoeroticism, which offended the sensibilities (social, literary, and aesthetic) of Victorian book critics."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance | Preface", "text": "The preface was first published in the 1891 edition of the novel; nonetheless, by June 1891, Wilde was defending The Picture of Dorian Gray against accusations that it was a bad book."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine."}], "text": "The book was written by Charles Dickens.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Picture of Dorian Gray"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Criticism | Censorship", "text": "In March 2017, Chinese authorities blocked Pinterest without explanation."}], "id": "n7PgI21FcWEGIJY80zTp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs", "text": "In late October 2013, Pinterest secured a $225 million round of equity funding that valued the website at $3.8 billion."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Censorship", "text": "The block was imposed during the annual National People's Congress, a politically sensitive period in the country."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "In June 2019, anti-abortion group Live Action was banned from Pinterest; the company said the permanent suspension was imposed for spreading \"harmful misinformation, [which] includes medical misinformation and conspiracies that turn individuals and facilities into targets for harassment or violence."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "In January 2019, Pinterest stopped returning search results relating to vaccines, in order to step the tide of anti-vaccination content on the platform."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "\"In December 2019, following a campaign from the activist group Color of Change, Pinterest announced that it would restrict content that advertises wedding events on former slave plantations."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "\"In December 2018, Pinterest began to take steps to block health misinformation from its recommendations engine, and blocked various searches, content, and user accounts that related to, or promoted, unproved and disproven cancer treatments."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "The block was temporary. In October 2012, Pinterest added a new feature allowing users to report others for negative and offensive activity or block other users if they do not want to view their content, a bid that the company said aimed to keep the site \"positive and respectful."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Censorship", "text": "While Pinterest is not known for its political content, experts identified the ban as consistent with Chinese government efforts to use website blocks and the \"Great Firewall\" as an industrial policy tool to promote Chinese tech companies (e.g., Baidu, Youku, Weibo, and Renren) by censoring foreign tech companies."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Content policies and user bans", "text": "The company said it also blocked multiple accounts that linked to external websites that sold supplements and other products that were not scientifically validated."}, {"section_header": "Criticism | Censorship", "text": "In March 2017, Chinese authorities blocked Pinterest without explanation."}], "text": "Pinterest was banned in the country of South Korea in the late 2010s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Winslet has two sisters, Anna and Beth, both of whom are actresses, and a younger brother, Joss."}], "id": "nEq95Sk3ozDO6o98Bh6G", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Winslet has said that despite her three marriages, and a family structure that might be perceived as \"unconventional\" by some, she does not consider it to be any \"less of a family\"."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "She is among the few actresses to have won three of the four major American entertainment awards (EGOT)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Winslet is the recipient of various accolades, including three British Academy Film Awards, and is among the few performers to have won Academy, Emmy, and Grammy Awards."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Steve Jobs, starring Michael Fassbender in the title role, is told in three acts, each depicting a key milestone in Jobs' career."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2004\u20132007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children", "text": "Within three months of giving birth to her second child, Winslet returned to work on Romance & Cigarettes, a musical romantic comedy directed by John Turturro, in which she played Tula, a promiscuous and foulmouthed woman."}, {"section_header": "Acting credits and awards", "text": "Academy Awards: Best Actress, win, for The Reader (2008) 88th Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress, nomination, for Steve Jobs (2015)Winslet has won three BAFTA Awards: Best Actress for The Reader (2008); and Best Supporting Actress for Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Steve Jobs (2016)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Filming proved to be taxing for Winslet."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2004\u20132007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children", "text": "Winslet had four film releases in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u20132011: Awards success", "text": "Winslet researched the Holocaust and the SS guards."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "Winslet agreed to the romantic disaster film"}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Winslet has two sisters, Anna and Beth, both of whom are actresses, and a younger brother, Joss."}], "text": "Winslet has three siblings", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Charles had no legitimate children, but acknowledged a dozen by seven mistresses, including five by Barbara Villiers, Lady Castlemaine, for whom the Dukedom of Cleveland was created."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "As a result, in his lifetime he was often nicknamed \"Old Rowley\", the name of his favourite racehorse, notable as a stallion."}], "id": "nG74a6ur1dDY5P21FJ9v", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life, civil war and exile", "text": "Her son, James Crofts (afterwards Duke of Monmouth and Duke of Buccleuch), was one of Charles's many illegitimate children who became prominent in British society."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "His subjects resented paying taxes that were spent on his mistresses and their children, many of whom received dukedoms or earldoms."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Charles had a laboratory among his many interests, where prior to his illness he had been experimenting with mercury."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He delighted and bored listeners with tales of his escape for many years."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "Many of them were prosecuted and their estates seized, with Charles replacing judges and sheriffs at will and packing juries to achieve conviction."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "BBC staff (October 2003), Charles II and the women who bore his children (PDF) , BBC Bombay: History of a City, The British Library Board, retrieved 19 April 2010 \"Nova et Vetera\", British Medical Journal, 2 (4064): 1089, 1938, doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4064.1089, JSTOR 20301497, PMC 2210948, PMID 20781915"}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "The suddenness of his illness and death led to suspicion of poison in the minds of many, including one of the royal doctors; however, a more modern medical analysis has held that the symptoms of his final illness are similar to those of uraemia (a clinical syndrome due to kidney dysfunction)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Today it is possible to assess him without the taint of partisanship, and he is seen as more of a lovable rogue\u2014in the words of his contemporary John Evelyn, \"a prince of many virtues and many great imperfections, debonair, easy of access, not bloody or cruel\"."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "To destroy opposition in London, Charles first disenfranchised many Whigs in the 1682 municipal elections, and in 1683 the London charter was forfeited."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with Parliament", "text": "Many members feared that he had intended to use the standing army to suppress dissent or impose Catholicism."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Charles had no legitimate children, but acknowledged a dozen by seven mistresses, including five by Barbara Villiers, Lady Castlemaine, for whom the Dukedom of Cleveland was created."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "As a result, in his lifetime he was often nicknamed \"Old Rowley\", the name of his favourite racehorse, notable as a stallion."}], "text": "King Charles II had so many children by so many different women, one of his nicknames compared him to a rabbit and its breeding habits.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charles II of England"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again."}], "id": "nHvxYSgIjfDLXcbPDqIR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Family", "text": "WenxiuPuyi's first choice for his wife was Wenxiu, from the Erdet (\u9102\u723e\u5fb7\u7279) clan."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She married Puyi in 1922. Although she was Puyi's first choice, the Four Dowager Consorts felt that Wenxiu came from an unacceptable impoverished family and was not beautiful enough to be Empress, so they told the court officials to ask Puyi to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "WanrongPuyi's second choice for his wife was Wanrong, a Daur."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Brief restoration (1917)", "text": "This is considered the first aerial bombardment ever in East Asia."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "In August 1942, Puyi's concubine Tan Yuling fell ill and died after being treated by the same Japanese doctors who murdered Wanrong's baby."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "Puyi's first wife Wanrong began to smoke opium during this period, which Puyi encouraged as he found her more \"manageable\" when she was in an opium daze."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She was designated as Puyi's Concubine Xiang (\u7965\u8cb4\u4eba)."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "She was designated as Puyi's Concubine Fu (\u798f\u8cb4\u4eba)."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "During the Cultural Revolution she became a target for attack by the Red Guards because she used to be Puyi's concubine."}], "text": "Puyi's first choice for a wife was considered unacceptable and she could only be  his concubine.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic", "text": "Since 1950, the main roadway has carried six lanes of automobile traffic."}], "id": "nLLNjRdzF2xFWlfZbqv6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "On March 5, 1950, the streetcars also stopped running, and the bridge was redesigned exclusively for automobile traffic."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic", "text": "Since 1950, the main roadway has carried six lanes of automobile traffic."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic", "text": "Cable cars and elevated railroads used the bridge until 1944, while trolleys ran until 1950."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "The New York and Brooklyn Bridge Railway, a cable car service, began operating on September 25, 1883; it ran on the inner lanes of the bridge, between terminals at the Manhattan and Brooklyn ends."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge has an elevated promenade open to pedestrians and cyclists in the center of the bridge, located 18 feet (5.5 m) above the automobile lanes."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "Initially, the service ran with single-car trains, but patronage soon grew so much that by October 1883, two-car trains were in use."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads", "text": "After the IRT's Joralemon Street Tunnel and the Williamsburg Bridge tracks opened in 1908, the Brooklyn Bridge no longer held a monopoly on rail service between Manhattan and Brooklyn, and cable service ceased."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Rail traffic | Trolleys", "text": "Trolley service, which began in 1898, ran on what are now the two middle lanes of each roadway (shared with other traffic)."}], "text": "Streetcars no longer ran on the bridge in 1950 when automobiles became king and the bridge was redesigned to six car lanes.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}], "id": "nRL5o8B13qckFAF3zYbu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "The critic Harold Bloom listed Sons and Lovers as one of the books that have been important and influential in Western culture in The Western Canon (1994)."}, {"section_header": "Film, TV and theatrical adaptations", "text": "Sons and Lovers has been adapted for the screen several times, including the Academy Award winning 1960 film, a 1981 BBC TV serial and another on ITV1 in 2003."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable'; he encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | In Lawrence's own words", "text": "But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers \u2013 first the eldest, then the second."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}], "text": "Sons and Lovers was considered obscene at one time.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "The original version of the film was very different from the final film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "The plot was centered in a battle being between lions and baboons with Scar being the leader of the baboons, Rafiki being a cheetah, and Timon and Pumbaa being Simba's childhood friends."}], "id": "nRWOBLruk5Ljb7jzbgtD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Localization", "text": "The Lion King marks also the first time a special dubbing is released in honor of a Disney movie background, but not the last: in 2016 the movie Moana received a special Tahitian-language version, followed in 2017 by a M\u0101ori version, and in 2018 by a Hawaiian version; in 2019 the movie Frozen 2 was dubbed into Northern Sami, even though the first movie was not."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Scar sets a trap for his brother and nephew, luring Simba into a gorge and having the hyenas drive a large herd of wildebeest into a stampede that will trample him."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "The DVD release featured two versions of the film on the first disc, a remastered version created for the 2002 IMAX release and an edited version of the IMAX release purporting to be the original 1994 theatrical version."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Stage adaptations", "text": "A similar version under the name \"The Legend of the Lion King\" was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009."}, {"section_header": "Release | Localization", "text": "When the movie was first released in 1994, it numbered 28 versions overall in as many languages and dialects worldwide, including a special Zulu version made specifically for the movie in South Africa, where a Disney USA team went to find the Zulu voice-actors."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "The Lion King was the first Disney animated feature to be an original story, rather than be based on an already existing work."}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "The IMAX and DVD releases added another song, \"The Morning Report\", based on a song discarded during development that eventually featured in the live musical version of The Lion King."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Simba collapses in a desert and is rescued by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, who are fellow outcasts and chase away the vultures."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "The original version of the film was very different from the final film."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Video games", "text": "The Lion King also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game Disney Universe, and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title Disney Friends (2008)."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "The plot was centered in a battle being between lions and baboons with Scar being the leader of the baboons, Rafiki being a cheetah, and Timon and Pumbaa being Simba's childhood friends."}], "text": "The original version of The Lion King featured the warthogs colluding with the hyenas to lure Simba and Neva to the local watering hole.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Lion King"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}], "id": "nXo5A0VWGk4mb98tbDzy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was \"Xuantong\", so he was known as the \"Xuantong Emperor\" (simplified Chinese: \u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d; traditional Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u7687\u5e1d; pinyin: Xu\u0101nt\u01d2ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec; Wade\u2013"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "On 10 October 1911, the army garrison in Wuhan mutinied, sparking a widespread revolt in the Yangtze river valley and beyond, demanding the overthrow of the Qing dynasty that had ruled China since 1644."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Some refer to him as \"The Last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty\" (Chinese: \u6e05\u672b\u5e1d; pinyin: Q\u012bng M\u00f2 D\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'ing1 Mo4-ti4)."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The G\u016bwalgiya clan was regarded as one of the most powerful Manchu clans in the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles | Titles", "text": "Sometimes a \"Qing\" (Chinese: \u6e05; pinyin: Q\u012bng) is added in front of the two titles to indicate his affiliation with the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He had the job of sweeping the streets, and got lost on his first day of work, which led him to tell astonished passers-by: \"I'm Puyi, the last Emperor of the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Film", "text": "The film tells of the founding of the Republic of China when Sun Yat-sen led the Xinhai Revolution to overthrow the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "It was decided that Pujie would join Puyi in the Forbidden City to provide him with a playmate, but Puyi was notably angry when he discovered his brother was wearing yellow \u2013 the color of the Qing \u2013 as he believed that only Emperors had the right to wear yellow, and it had to be explained to him that all members of the Qing family could."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and \"ruled\" until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945."}], "text": "Puyi ruled as emperor of the Qing Dynasty from 1910 to 1914.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleisthenes (; Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Kleisth\u00e9n\u0113s) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC."}, {"section_header": "Biography", "text": "Historians estimate that Cleisthenes was born around 570 BC."}], "id": "ncM06ZyNI9IPDZzdB0Yv", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "After this victory, Cleisthenes began to reform the government of Athens."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power, but Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes."}, {"section_header": "Biography", "text": "Historians estimate that Cleisthenes was born around 570 BC."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "But his rival Cleisthenes, with the support of the middle class and aided by democrats, took over."}, {"section_header": "Biography", "text": "Cleisthenes was the uncle of Pericles' mother Agariste and of Alcibiades' maternal grandfather Megacles."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "Cleisthenes was subsequently recalled, along with hundreds of exiles, and he assumed leadership of Athens."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the younger son of Megacles and Agariste making him the maternal grandson of the tyrant Cleisthenes of Sicyon."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleomenes intervened in 508 and 506 BC, but could not stop Cleisthenes, now supported by the Athenians."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "Consequently, Cleisthenes left Athens as an exile, and Isagoras was unrivalled in power within the city."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleisthenes (; Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Kleisth\u00e9n\u0113s) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC."}], "text": "Cleisthenes was a legislator who was from the 6th century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cleisthenes"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2]."}], "id": "nhZynosra64UrsyWwfoY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication | 1847 edition", "text": "The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2]."}, {"section_header": "Publication | 1850 edition", "text": "In 1850, when a second edition of Wuthering Heights was due, Charlotte Bront\u00eb edited the original text, altering punctuation, correcting spelling errors and making Joseph's thick Yorkshire dialect less opaque."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Heathcliff overhears part of the conversation and, misunderstanding Catherine's heart, flees the household."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Edgar and Catherine marry, and three years later Heathcliff unexpectedly returns \u2014 now a wealthy gentleman."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Nelly Dean: The main narrator of the novel, Nelly is a servant to three generations of the Earnshaws and two of the Linton family."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "In her 2019 novel, The West Indian, Valerie Browne Lester imagines an origin story for Heathcliff in 1760s Jamaica."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "\"The American Whig Review wrote \"Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "This version, which stays close to the original novel, received a nomination for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards, elected by pupils from 170 schools in the United Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "In 1958, an adaptation aired on CBS television as part of the series DuPont Show of the Month starring Rosemary Harris as Cathy and Richard Burton as Heathcliff."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Nelly's tale", "text": "Hindley beats Heathcliff, who gradually becomes close friends with Catherine. Hindley departs for university, returning as the new master of Wuthering Heights on the death of his father three years later."}], "text": "The original text is available online in three parts.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is divided into seven sections, each told mainly from the point of view of the correspondent, based upon Crane himself."}], "id": "nk5m3LOLvZgtPyGxh0Id", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Like other major works by Stephen Crane, \"The Open Boat\" contains numerous examples of symbolism, imagery and metaphor."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Praised for its innovation by contemporary critics, the story is considered an exemplary work of literary Naturalism, and is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Although autobiographical in nature, \"The Open Boat\" is a work of fiction; it is often considered a principal example of Naturalism, an offshoot of the Realist literary movement, in which scientific principles of objectivity and detachment are applied to the study of human characteristics."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" was published in the United States by Doubleday & McClure in April 1898 as part of the book The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure, which included additional works by Crane such as"}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is divided into seven sections, each told mainly from the point of view of the correspondent, based upon Crane himself."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The account, titled \"Stephen Crane's Own Story\", concentrates mainly on the sinking of the Commodore, and the ensuing chaos."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "Wilson Follett included the story in the twelfth volume of his 1927 collection of Crane's work, and it also appeared in Robert Stallman's 1952 volume Stephen Crane: An Omnibus."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\"."}], "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a fictional work by Stephen Crane based on his father's account of working on fishing boats.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling."}], "id": "nuYyJXj3q3Q5f8jmONok", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Command | Corsica", "text": "On 12 July Nelson was at one of the forward batteries early in the morning when a shot struck one of the sandbags protecting the position, spraying stones and sand."}, {"section_header": "Return to sea", "text": "It was while attending one of these meetings on 12 September, with Lord Castlereagh, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, that Nelson and Major General Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, met briefly in a waiting room."}, {"section_header": "Command | Genoa and the fight of the \u00c7a Ira", "text": "The French were reluctant to engage and the two fleets shadowed each other throughout 12 March."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Nelson attended Paston Grammar School, North Walsham, until he was 12 years old, and also attended King Edward VI's Grammar School in Norwich."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife", "text": "I have got my legs left and one arm."}, {"section_header": "Admiralty | The Battle of the Nile", "text": "The British fleet was soon heavily engaged, passing down the French line and engaging their ships one by one."}, {"section_header": "Battle of Trafalgar | Preparation", "text": "You must be quick, for I have one more signal to make, which is for close action."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was wounded in combat, losing sight in one eye in Corsica at the age of 35, and most of one arm in the unsuccessful attempt to conquer Santa Cruz de Tenerife when he was 40."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The battle became one of Britain's greatest naval victories, but Nelson, aboard HMS Victory, was fatally wounded by a French sharpshooter."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nelson's death at Trafalgar secured his position as one of Britain's most heroic figures."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling."}], "text": "Nelson was one of 12 kids.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}], "id": "o5uzy3MSO4IYKxXeCU4b", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Training grounds", "text": "The training ground and press centre in Chigwell were used until 2014.In 2007, Tottenham bought a site at Bulls Cross in Enfield, a few miles south of their former ground in Cheshunt."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield."}, {"section_header": "Training grounds", "text": "An early training ground used by Tottenham was located at Brookfield Lane in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019\u201320 season."}, {"section_header": "Training grounds", "text": "The lodge is mainly used by Tottenham's first team and Academy players, but it has also been used by national football teams \u2013 the first visitors to use the facilities at the site were the Brazilian team in preparation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "The White Hart Lane ground was built on a disused plant nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named the White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the road White Hart Lane actually lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance)."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "The ground was initially leased from Charringtons, and the stands they used at Northumberland Park were moved here, giving shelter for 2,500 spectators."}, {"section_header": "Training grounds", "text": "The ground was later sold for over 4 million, and the club moved the training ground to the Spurs Lodge on Luxborough Lane, Chigwell in Essex, opened in September 1996 by Tony Blair."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}], "text": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C. was first named Tottenham White Hart Spurs, then Northumberland Bulls Cross Football Club, after the training grounds used by the team.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019."}], "id": "o69SaLZ1nCaitKuyi38r", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "It is a created service that generates comprehensive statistics on a specific website's traffic, commonly used by marketers."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Shopping and catalogs", "text": "The platform has drawn businesses, especially retailers, to create pages aimed at promoting their companies online as a \"virtual storefront\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Pinterest Analytics is much like Google Analytics."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "The \"Most Clicked\" tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are more likely to sell."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Pins, pinners, repins, and repinners are some aspects of user data that Pinterest Analytics provides."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "Through the access of Pinterest Analytics, companies receive insight to data via API."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Pinterest Analytics", "text": "This data helps marketing agencies alter their strategies to gain more popularity, often changing the visual content to appeal to the Pinterest community."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Shopping and catalogs", "text": "In June 2015, Pinterest unveiled \"buyable pins\" that allows users to purchase things directly from Pinterest."}, {"section_header": "Features and content | Exploring", "text": "On the main Pinterest page, a \"pin feed\" appears, displaying the chronological activity from the Pinterest boards that a user follows."}], "text": "Pinterest was created by 3 guys.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pinterest"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "In 1907, Jennings was hired as manager of a talented Detroit Tigers team that included future Hall of Famers Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}], "id": "o7tRF1k5Lq7dvZG4lkgy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "During the Orioles' championship years, Jennings had some of the best seasons ever by a major league shortstop."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "The Baltimore Orioles teams of 1894, 1895, and 1896 are regarded as one of the greatest teams of all time."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "\"In 1912, during a game in which \"pick-ups\" played for the Tigers when the regular team went on strike to protest the suspension of Cobb after an incident involving a fan in the stands whom Cobb assaulted, Jennings, who also sent his coaches in as substitute players, came to bat himself once as a pinch hitter."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "In just five seasons with the Orioles from 1894 to 1898, Jennings was hit by pitches an unprecedented 202 times."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "While playing for the Orioles in the 1890s, Jennings and John McGraw both attended classes at St. Bonaventure University."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "After his \"no comment\" drew negative publicity, Jennings issued a statement to the press in December 1926 denying knowledge of the matter and adding, \"My slate has been clean base ball for 35 years... Whatever I have done in base ball has been of such a nature that I would be ready any time to go before anyone and place my case before them.\" After the 1920 season, Jennings stepped down as the Tigers' manager."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "Jennings was fiery, hard-nosed, colorful, and even eccentric, he insisted he had always played the game honestly."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "Ee-yah: The Life And Times Of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall Of Famer) Behind the antics was a great coaching mind."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "In 1907, Jennings was hired as manager of a talented Detroit Tigers team that included future Hall of Famers Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings played and coached for 35 years for the Baltimore Orioles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "On 5 November 1981, the Princess's pregnancy was officially announced."}], "id": "o93unuiCH9qG6x3TEm3F", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "In February 1982, pictures of a pregnant Diana in bikini while holidaying was published in the media."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "The first biopics about Diana and Charles were Charles and Diana: A Royal Love Story and The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana that were broadcast on American TV channels on 17 and 20 September 1981, respectively."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "Diana attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time on 4 November 1981."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Honours", "text": "Orders 1981: Royal Family Order of"}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Engagement and wedding", "text": "Their engagement became official on 24 February 1981."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In October 1981, the Prince and Princess visited Wales."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "The Prince proposed on 6 February 1981, and Lady Diana accepted, but their engagement was kept secret for the next few weeks."}, {"section_header": "Education and career", "text": "She lived there with three flatmates until 25 February 1981."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Children", "text": "On 5 November 1981, the Princess's pregnancy was officially announced."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana came to prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, after a brief courtship."}], "text": "Diana was pregnant in 1981.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "During apartheid in South Africa, the separation of Blacks and Whites grew out of White racism."}], "id": "oARzFo1AiPUk32t2ikuZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a novel by Alan Paton, published in 1948."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": ", the Beloved Country is the detrimental effects of fear on the characters and society of South Africa as indicated in the following quotation from the narrator in Chapter 12: Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a social protest against the structures of the society that would later give rise to apartheid."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "American publisher Bennett Cerf remarked at that year's meeting of the American Booksellers Association that there had been \"only three novels published since the first of the year that were worth reading\u2026 Cry, The Beloved Country, The Ides of March, and The Naked and the Dead.\"Two"}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations", "text": "The country was at that time one of the leading \"frontline states\" to apartheid South Africa and a centre for artistic activity that often stood in quiet opposition to the racist regime just across the border."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "During apartheid in South Africa, the separation of Blacks and Whites grew out of White racism."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "In the remote village of Ndotsheni, in the Natal province of eastern South Africa, the Reverend Stephen Kumalo receives a letter from a fellow minister summoning him to Johannesburg."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "It shows many of the problems with South Africa such as the degrading of the land reserved for the natives, which is sometimes considered to be the main theme, the disintegration of the tribal community, native crime, and the flight to urban areas."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Another prevalent theme in Cry"}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Let him not laugh too gladly when the water runs through his fingers, nor stand too silent when the setting sun makes red the veld with fire."}], "text": "The novel Cry, the Beloved Country is set in South Africa.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cry, the Beloved Country"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "id": "oAkieDWpzcMymgim93uM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A volume titled The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled The Open Boat and Other Stories was published simultaneously in England."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" was published in the United States by Doubleday & McClure in April 1898 as part of the book The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure, which included additional works by Crane such as"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871\u20131900)."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Sympathy", "text": "In his 1990 book Sea-Brothers: The Tradition of American Sea Fiction from Moby-Dick to the Present, author Bert Bender noted Crane's sympathetic portrayal of the oiler Billie, the most physically able of the four characters, and yet the only one to perish."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy", "text": "\"The Open Boat\" is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon, and is regularly anthologized."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\"."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Crane completed the story that would become \"The Open Boat\" a few weeks later, in mid-February."}, {"section_header": "Style and genre", "text": "Like other major works by Stephen Crane, \"The Open Boat\" contains numerous examples of symbolism, imagery and metaphor."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Man vs. nature", "text": "Similar to other Naturalist works, \"The Open Boat\" scrutinizes the position of man, who has been isolated not only from society, but also from God and nature."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "The English volume, published simultaneously with the American one, was titled The Open Boat and Other Stories and published by William Heinemann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent."}], "text": "The Open Boat is about its writer's brother involvement in a shipwreck.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Open Boat"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children."}], "id": "oAstVVH1AK75y48pMuR0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Minor leagues and military service (1942\u20131944)", "text": "He was drafted mid-season into the U.S. Army, but received a medical discharge on January 1, 1945, due to his eye injury and sustained trauma incurred while shooting bazookas."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Schoendiensts had four children."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schoendienst showed a marked aptitude for baseball at a young age."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "as their shortstop, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be their left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "\"Schoendienst died at age 95 on June 6, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children."}, {"section_header": "Minor leagues and military service (1942\u20131944)", "text": "In 1944, still in Rochester, Schoendienst hit .373 in 25 games."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "In 1989, the Veterans Committee elected Schoendienst to the Baseball Hall of Fame."}], "text": "Schoendienst was 1 of 7 kids.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "Two kings of Italy are buried in the Pantheon: Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I, as well as Umberto's Queen, Margherita."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "The Pantheon is in use as a Catholic church."}], "id": "oCNlnrAWzOhoJ0Q0DZYk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Catholic additions", "text": "Enshrined on the apse above the high altar is a 7th-century Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child, given by Phocas to Pope Boniface IV on the occasion of the dedication of the Pantheon for Christian worship on 13 May 609."}, {"section_header": "Structure | Portico", "text": "After being unloaded near the Mausoleum of Augustus, the site of the Pantheon was still about 700 metres away."}, {"section_header": "History | Medieval", "text": "In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it into a Christian church and consecrated it to St. Mary and the Martyrs on 13 May 609: \"Another Pope, Boniface, asked the same [Emperor Phocas, in Constantinople] to order that in the old temple called the Pantheon, after the pagan filth was removed, a church should be made, to the holy virgin Mary and all the martyrs, so that the commemoration of the saints would take place henceforth where not gods but demons were formerly worshipped.\" Twenty-eight cartloads of holy relics of martyrs were said to have been removed from the catacombs and placed in a porphyry basin beneath the high altar."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "The Pantheon is in use as a Catholic church."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern", "text": "Two kings of Italy are buried in the Pantheon: Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I, as well as Umberto's Queen, Margherita."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism through the Polo Museale del Lazio; in 2013 it was visited by over 6 million people."}, {"section_header": "History | Ancient", "text": "From him we know that \"the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of Syracusan bronze\", that \"the Pantheon of Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are looked upon as masterpieces of excellence: the same, too, with the statues that are placed upon the roof,\" and that one of Cleopatra's pearls was cut in half so that each half \"might serve as pendants for the ears of Venus, in the Pantheon at Rome\"."}, {"section_header": "Catholic additions", "text": "His fianc\u00e9e, Maria Bibbiena is buried to the right of his sarcophagus; she died before they could marry."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "Ziegler tried to collect evidence of panthea, but his list consists of simple dedications \"to all the gods\" or \"to the Twelve Gods\", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods."}, {"section_header": "Etymology", "text": "the French Revolution, when the church of Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into the secular monument called the Panth\u00e9on of Paris, the generic term pantheon has sometimes been applied to other buildings in which illustrious dead are honoured or buried."}], "text": "A few people are buried in the Pantheon and can be used as a Christian worshiping place.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pantheon, Rome"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar."}], "id": "oDHEqMmnS6gT7A7SvwgO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock and funk pop band from Los Angeles, California."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "The four original members of the band met while attending Brentwood School in Los Angeles."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Dusick and Madden attended college locally at University of California, Los Angeles, while Levine and Carmichael relocated to the East coast to attend Five Towns College, in Dix Hills, Long Island, New York."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the \"unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Berkman encouraged Diener and Boxenbaum to fly out to Los Angeles to watch a showcase gig at The Viper Room for the four-piece Kara's Flowers."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Producer Tim Sommer signed them to a demo deal with MCA Records and produced three tracks with them in Los Angeles in the middle of 2001, with Mark Dearnley engineering."}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "A music video was released on January 14, 2015, where the band traveling around Los Angeles and performing at random weddings."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "On his joining the band, Valentine commented: \"I became friends with them and we sort of started jamming together, it was very much like I was cheating on my band, we were having sort of an affair"}, {"section_header": "History | 2009\u20132012: Hands All Over and Carmichael's hiatus", "text": "Maroon 5 was a last hour addition, chosen to fill the vacant spot left by Jay-Z after he cancelled his appearance for personal reasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar."}], "text": "Maroon 5 is a five person band that started in Los Angeles.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city proper covers 49 square miles (127 km2) with an estimated population of 692,600 in 2019, also making it the most populous city in New England, and is the seat of Suffolk County (although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999)."}], "id": "oEHBAsGkPm2Tcd6jNDop", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 19th century", "text": "Italians became the largest inhabitants of the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation", "text": "With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country."}, {"section_header": "Education | Higher education", "text": "Altogether, Boston's colleges and universities employ more than 42,600 people, accounting for nearly seven percent of the city's workforce."}, {"section_header": "History | Colonial", "text": "The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 4000 BC.In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it a world leader in higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 5,000 startups."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Boston is home to the headquarters of several major athletic and footwear companies including Converse, New Balance, and Reebok."}, {"section_header": "Sports", "text": "The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, played their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville."}, {"section_header": "Culture", "text": "The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts serves just under 200 congregations, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat."}, {"section_header": "History | Revolution and the Siege of Boston", "text": "When the British government passed the Stamp Act in 1765, a Boston mob ravaged the homes of Andrew Oliver, the official tasked with enforcing the Act, and Thomas Hutchinson, then the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The city proper covers 49 square miles (127 km2) with an estimated population of 692,600 in 2019, also making it the most populous city in New England, and is the seat of Suffolk County (although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999)."}], "text": "Boston is home to nearly 700,000 inhabitants.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Boston"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "In June 1997, she gave a speech at a landmines conference held at the Royal Geographical Society, and travelled to Washington, D.C. to help promote the American Red Cross landmines campaign."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "Her work on the landmines issue has been described as influential in the signing of the Ottawa Treaty, which created an international ban on the use of anti-personnel landmines."}], "id": "oEMrX3juTXpu6qeaIirv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She also raised awareness and advocated ways to help people affected with cancer and mental illness."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "Of her drawings, Emin maintained \"They're quite sentimental ... and there's nothing cynical about it whatsoever."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Public image", "text": "Brown also points out that Diana's fame had spread around the world, even affecting Tony Blair who reportedly said Diana had shown the nation \"a new way to be British\"."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In her desire to play an encouraging role during the Gulf War, the Princess of Wales visited Germany in December 1990 to meet with the families of soldiers."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "Rosa 'Diana, Princess of Wales', a pink blend garden rose, was first introduced in 1998 at the British Embassy in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 \u2013 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "The best way in which to record our appreciation of her work, and the work of NGOs that have campaigned against landmines, is to pass the Bill, and to pave the way towards a global ban on landmines."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Public image", "text": "She was often described as a devoted mother to her children, who are believed to be influenced by her personality and way of life."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "She subsequently travelled to Germany in January 1991 to visit RAF Bruggen, and later wrote an encouraging letter which was published in Soldier, Navy News and RAF News."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | HIV/AIDS", "text": "Diana was the first British royal figure to contact AIDS patients."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "In June 1997, she gave a speech at a landmines conference held at the Royal Geographical Society, and travelled to Washington, D.C. to help promote the American Red Cross landmines campaign."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | Landmines", "text": "Her work on the landmines issue has been described as influential in the signing of the Ottawa Treaty, which created an international ban on the use of anti-personnel landmines."}], "text": "Princess Diana advocated proximity anti-personnel explosives as a way to keep British soldiers safe and maintain minimal casualties for combat participants and civilians.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}], "id": "oENImEHzkIlyGziFvoGw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "The album is set to be released on August 14."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which Perry had recorded with the band in 2004, was released onto iTunes on January 27, 2009, as a result of her solo success."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "The album, titled Witness, was released on June 9, 2017 to mixed reviews, and debuted at number one in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "Flom was convinced that she could be a breakthrough star and she was signed to Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "On February 14, 2019, she released a song called \"365\", with DJ Zedd."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "\"Daisies\", the lead single from her upcoming sixth album, followed on May 15, 2020."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood", "text": "Following the release of her single \"Never Worn White\" in March 2020, Perry revealed in the accompanying music video that she is expecting her first child with Bloom."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Ballard then introduced Perry to Tim Devine, an A&R executive at Columbia Records, and she was signed as a solo artist."}], "text": "Katy Perry signed with River Hill Records and released her debut studio album in 2001.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In a January 2013 interview with Rolling Stone, Rihanna confirmed that she had rekindled her relationship with Chris Brown, though he remained under probation for the 2009 domestic violence incident."}], "id": "oLYObwkRLqcFh66FoMP4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "\"In March 2018, Rihanna posted a statement shaming Snapchat for mocking her domestic violence situation."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "Brown received five years of probation and was ordered to stay 50 yards (46 m) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to 10 yards (9 m).On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "\" Gil Kaufman of VH1 reported the \"nonstop coverage of the Rihanna/Brown case has brought up a number of issues regarding the privacy of alleged victims of domestic violence, including the decision by almost all major news outlets to divulge the identity of the victim\u2014which is not typically done in domestic-violence cases\" and discussed the controversial distribution of the leaked photograph."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In a January 2013 interview with Rolling Stone, Rihanna confirmed that she had rekindled her relationship with Chris Brown, though he remained under probation for the 2009 domestic violence incident."}, {"section_header": "Activism | Philanthropy", "text": "In April 2020, Rihanna further donated an additional $2,100,000, matching Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey for a total of $4,200,000, to provide support and resources to individuals and children suffering from domestic violence amid the lockdown."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2007\u20132008: Breakthrough with Good Girl Gone Bad", "text": "Gone Bad, \"Rehab\", and was named \"Diva of the Year\" by Entertainment Weekly for her \"newfound staying power\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2011\u20132013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic", "text": "The recordings received mainly negative responses due to the pair's history of domestic violence."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In a May 2013 interview, Brown stated that he and Rihanna had broken up again."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "Rihanna was subpoenaed to testify during a preliminary hearing in Los Angeles on June 22, 2009."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "The ad put out by Snapchat asked if users would rather \"slap Rihanna or punch Chris Brown\" in a \"Would You Rather\" format."}], "text": "Rihanna is an entertainer who suffered domestic violence by her then-boyfriend and then dated him again years after the incident.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "it charges no admission fee, except for loan exhibitions."}], "id": "oOjbzuNYjcueMoZO7xiH", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The British Museum, in the Bloomsbury area of London, United Kingdom, is a public institution dedicated to human history, art and culture."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "it charges no admission fee, except for loan exhibitions."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Artefacts taken from other countries", "text": "However, there have been fears that the United Kingdom may be asked to return these treasures."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "British Museum Press", "text": "Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library."}, {"section_header": "History | The British Museum today", "text": "Today the museum no longer houses collections of natural history, and the books and manuscripts it once held now form part of the independent British Library."}, {"section_header": "History | Sir Hans Sloane", "text": "Its foundations lie in the will of the Irish physician and naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660\u20131753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster."}, {"section_header": "History | The largest building site in Europe (1825\u20131850)", "text": "The King's Library, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London."}, {"section_header": "Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan", "text": "BC)Old Kingdom (2690\u20132181 BC)  Granite statue of Ankhwa, the shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty, (around 2650 BC) Several of the original casing stones from the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, (c. 2570 BC) Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, Fifth to Sixth Dynasty, (about 2345\u20132181 BC)Middle Kingdom (2134\u20131690 BC) Inner and outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan, (about 2125\u20131795 BC) Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt,"}], "text": "The British Museum in London, United Kingdom, does not charge admission.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "British Museum"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 8, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}], "id": "oUHLTFPN1xN50KDKn1nx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fg\u0250 \u02c8to\u02d0\u0250\u032f]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 ("}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag)."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the M\u00e4rkisches Museum."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate!"}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor)."}], "text": "The gate was built on the orders of the French king.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}], "id": "oUPBAa4Ft8V48JDYIByz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "Blake's Illuminated Books, vol."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "The Huntington Library and Art Gallery in San Marino, California, published a small facsimile edition in 1975 that included sixteen plates reproduced from two copies of Songs of Innocence and of Experience in their collection, with an introduction by James Thorpe."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "It was first performed by the ensemble Accroche-Note of France."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies."}], "text": "Songs of Innocence is the first section of a two piece book of songs by Blake.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "Under its director, the painter Jean-Victor Schnetz, the villa provided an ideal environment in which Bizet and his fellow-laureates could pursue their artistic endeavours."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire."}], "id": "obJgaSGI4FeWujonunuy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "In the summer of 1859, Bizet and several companions travelled in the mountains and forests around Anagni and Frosinone."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "Bizet would later write to Marmontel: \" In your class one learns something besides the piano; one becomes a musician\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Illness and death", "text": "He said that Bizet had been struck down just as he was becoming recognised as a true artist."}, {"section_header": "Life | Emergent composer | Paris, 1860\u20131863", "text": "He eventually submitted a trio of orchestral works: an overture entitled La Chasse d'Ossian, a scherzo and a funeral march."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "On his return to Rome, Bizet successfully requested permission to extend his stay in Italy into a third year, rather than going to Germany, so that he could complete \"an important work\" (which has not been identified)."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "In 1837, Adolphe married Aim\u00e9e Delsarte, against the wishes of her family who considered him a poor prospect; the Delsartes, though impoverished, were a cultured and highly musical family."}, {"section_header": "Music | Dramatic works", "text": "Its many original flourishes include the introduction to the cavatina"}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Conservatoire", "text": "Bizet's first preserved compositions, two wordless songs for soprano, date from around 1850."}, {"section_header": "Life | Early years | Family background and childhood", "text": "His father, Adolphe Bizet, had been a hairdresser and wigmaker before becoming a singing teacher despite his lack of formal training."}, {"section_header": "Music | Dramatic works", "text": "In the case of Djamileh, the accusation of \"Wagnerism\" was raised again, as audiences struggled to understand the score's originality; many found the music pretentious and monotonous, lacking in both rhythm and melody."}, {"section_header": "Life | Rome, 1858\u20131860", "text": "Under its director, the painter Jean-Victor Schnetz, the villa provided an ideal environment in which Bizet and his fellow-laureates could pursue their artistic endeavours."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire."}], "text": "Bizet traveled around Europe going to many countries to learn about their musical culture to eventually become a famous composer himself.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Georges Bizet"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby."}], "id": "oepy5gCNYp71bhsLBXgs", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that competes in the Premier League."}, {"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "They also share notable rivalries with fellow London clubs Chelsea and West Ham United."}, {"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "Tottenham supporters have rivalries with several clubs, mainly within the London area."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019\u201320 season."}, {"section_header": "History | Premier League football (1992\u2013present)", "text": "In the 2018\u201319 UEFA Champions League, Tottenham beat Manchester City and Ajax to advance to their first ever UEFA Champions League final, becoming the third club in London to reach a UEFA Champions League Final."}, {"section_header": "History | Premier League football (1992\u2013present)", "text": "Tottenham was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of the Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association, replacing the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football."}, {"section_header": "Support", "text": "Tottenham has a large fanbase in the United Kingdom, drawn largely from North London and the Home counties."}], "text": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C. is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Manchester United.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Weaver's style of managing was summed up in the quote: \"pitching, defense, and the three-run homer.\" He did not believe in placing emphasis on \"small ball\" tactics such as stolen bases, hit and run plays, or sacrifice bunts."}], "id": "ofyCO3nUmUeaNTMDRClF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "During one particular tirade with an umpire, Weaver headed to the dugout screaming, \"I'm going to check the rule-book on that\" to which the umpire replied, \" Here, use mine."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver eschewed the use of so-called \"inside baseball\" or \"small ball\" tactics such as the stolen base, the hit and run, or the sacrifice bunt, preferring a patient approach (\"waiting for the home run\"), saying \"If you play for one run, that's all you'll get\" and \"On offense, your most precious possessions are your 27 outs\"."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career", "text": "In 1982, Weaver announced he would retire at the end of the season, one in which the Orioles played poorly for the first half of the year before climbing in the standings to just three games behind going into a season-ending four-game series against the division-leading Brewers at Memorial Stadium."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968\u201382; 1985\u201386)."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "\"Orioles managing partner Peter Angelos added: \"Earl Weaver stands alone as the greatest manager in the history of the Orioles organization and one of the greatest in the history of baseball ... This is a sad day for everyone who knew him and for all Orioles fans."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career", "text": "Weaver was appointed to replace Gene Woodling as the Orioles' first-base coach on October 3, 1967, and spent the first half of the 1968 season in that capacity before succeeding Hank Bauer as manager on July 11."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Earl Sidney Weaver (August 14, 1930 \u2013 January 19, 2013) was an American professional baseball manager, author, and television broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Earl was well known for being one of the game's most colorful characters with a memorable wit, but he was also amongst its most loyal."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver's oft-quoted managerial philosophy was \"pitching, defense, and the three-run homer.\" Weaver's oft-quoted managerial philosophy was \"pitching, defense, and the three-run homer.\" Weaver expanded on his philosophy in three books he authored: Winning! (1972); It's What You Learn"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Weaver's style of managing was summed up in the quote: \"pitching, defense, and the three-run homer.\" He did not believe in placing emphasis on \"small ball\" tactics such as stolen bases, hit and run plays, or sacrifice bunts."}], "text": "Earl Weaver was a defensive mind coach that was a go big or go home type of MLB manager on offense.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Earl Weaver"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer."}], "id": "oiYhrSR6ZvMvoP7xAuJo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "For the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Cheech Marin as Banzai, an aggressive and hot-headed hyena prone to complaining and acting on impulse."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "For The Lion King's first film trailer, Disney opted to feature a single scene, the entire opening sequence with the song \"Circle of Life\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Black Is King", "text": "Directed, written and executive produced by Beyonc\u00e9"}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "John and Rice wrote five original songs for the film (\"Circle of Life\","}, {"section_header": "Music", "text": "The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M.The use of the song \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\" in a scene with Timon and Pumbaa led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled \"Mbube\") in 1939."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Moira Kelly, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Rowan Atkinson, Robert Guillaume, Madge Sinclair (in her last film role), Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Other awards", "text": "Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score, as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" by Elton John and Tim Rice."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and spin-offs", "text": "The duo then received their own animated series, The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa, which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes between 1995 and 1999."}], "text": "The Lion King's original songs were written by Cheech Marin.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Lion King"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}], "id": "okjePihlHFlK8Yt1vrPa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "The engagement was a significant defeat for the Ottomans, who had not lost a major naval battle since the fifteenth century."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "A painting by Wenceslas Cobergher, dated to the end of the 16th century, now in San Domenico Maggiore, shows what is interpreted as a victory procession in Rome on the return of admiral Colonna."}, {"section_header": "Deployment and order of battle", "text": "Free oarsmen were generally acknowledged to be superior but were gradually replaced in all galley fleets (including those of Venice from 1549) during the 16th century by cheaper slaves, convicts and prisoners-of-war owing to rapidly rising costs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the history of naval warfare, Lepanto marks the last major engagement in the Western world to be fought almost entirely between rowing vessels, namely the galleys and galeasses which were the direct descendants of ancient trireme warships."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras."}, {"section_header": "Deployment and order of battle", "text": "While neither fleet had immediate strategic resources or objectives in the gulf, both chose to engage."}, {"section_header": "Deployment and order of battle", "text": "The number of oarsmen was about 37,000, virtually all of them slaves, many of them Christians who had been captured in previous conquests and engagements."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Spanish success in the Mediterranean continued into the first half of the 17th century."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Modern literature", "text": "Miguel de Cervantes lost the use of an arm in this battle and therefore he is known as el manco de Lepanto (the one-armed man of Lepanto) in the Hispanic world."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings", "text": "The Battle of Lepanto by Juan Luna (1887) is displayed at the Spanish Senate in Madrid."}], "text": "Battle of Lepanto was an engagement in the 16th century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Lepanto"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}], "id": "onDOqZ2zFvNHntBkZGHh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "A colour plate of each poem is accompanied by a literal transcription, and the volume is introduced by critic and historian Richard Holmes."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Experience", "text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."}, {"section_header": "Songs of Innocence", "text": "This collection mainly shows happy, innocent perception in pastoral harmony, but at times, such as in \"The Chimney Sweeper\" and \"The Little Black Boy\", subtly shows the dangers of this na\u00efve and vulnerable state."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "Songs of Innocence  Dover Publications, 1971."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."}, {"section_header": "Facsimile editions", "text": "The songs reproduced were Introduction, Infant Joy, The Lamb, Laughing Song and Nurse's Song from Songs of Innocence, and Introduction, The Clod & the Pebble, The Tyger, The Sick Rose, Nurses Song and Infant Sorrow from Songs of Experience."}, {"section_header": "Musical settings", "text": "Popular rock group U2 released an album called Songs of Innocence in 2014, and followed it in 2017 with Songs of Experience."}], "text": "Songs of Innocence was printed in three volumes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Songs of Innocence"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Activism | Advocacy", "text": "In October 2019, she stated that she declined to perform at the 2020 Super Bowl halftime show in support of Colin Kaepernick following the controversy surrounding his role in the national anthem protests."}], "id": "oooQHgeMqK38cSivpgOu", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting career", "text": "Loosely based on the game of the same name, both the film and Rihanna's performance received mixed-to-negative reviews; the New York Times said she was \"just fine in the rather generic role\"."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage", "text": "The video for \"Russian Roulette\" features Rihanna in a padded room playing a game of russian roulette with her partner."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "That's it\". In a May 2013 interview with MTV, The Vagina Monologues writer and feminist Eve Ensler praised the singer, saying, \"I'm a huge Rihanna fan"}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Domestic violence case", "text": "He turned himself in to police and was booked on suspicion of making criminal threats."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "And at the same time remained a real force in entertainment in the whole world.\" Another major influence on Rihanna's music and career has been Mariah Carey, whose song \"Hero\" she performed when Rihanna was still a teenager at her high school talent show."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice", "text": "It represents a departure from the Caribbean sound of her previous albums and is described as a turning point in her career."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2009\u20132011: Rated R and Loud", "text": "\"Man Down\" and \"California King Bed\" were released as singles in May 2011 with moderate success."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2011\u20132013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic", "text": "March 2012 saw the simultaneous releases of two collaborations between Rihanna and Chris Brown: remixes of her song \"Birthday Cake\" and his \"Turn Up the Music\"."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Business endeavors", "text": "In 2016, it was revealed that Rihanna would be releasing her music through her own label Westbury Road Entertainment, which was established in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Business endeavors", "text": "The music would be distributed through Universal Music Group."}, {"section_header": "Activism | Advocacy", "text": "In October 2019, she stated that she declined to perform at the 2020 Super Bowl halftime show in support of Colin Kaepernick following the controversy surrounding his role in the national anthem protests."}], "text": "Rihanna turned down a huge opportunity to perform midway through a major American football game.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "With more than 7 million official members, the German Football Association (Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund) is the largest single-sport organisation worldwide, and the German top league, the Bundesliga, attracts the second highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world."}], "id": "otIcplww9MfEhqphvpKO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Germany was the last country to host both the summer and winter games in the same year, in 1936: the Berlin Summer Games and the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "With more than 7 million official members, the German Football Association (Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund) is the largest single-sport organisation worldwide, and the German top league, the Bundesliga, attracts the second highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports", "text": "Munich hosted the Summer Games of 1972."}, {"section_header": "History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany", "text": "The British repelled German air attacks in the Battle of Britain in the same year."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Education", "text": "Primary education usually lasts for four to six years."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "Winters range from cold in the southern Alps to mild and are generally overcast with limited precipitation, while summers can vary from hot and dry to cool and rainy."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 62nd largest in the world."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Research institutions in Germany include the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Association, and the Fraunhofer Society and the Leibniz Association."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Islam is the second largest religion in the country."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "In 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs listed Germany as host to the second-highest number of international migrants worldwide, about 5% or 12 million of all 244 million migrants."}], "text": "The German Football Association (Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund) is the largest single-sport organisation worldwide, and Germany was the last country to host both the summer and winter games in the same year.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Germany"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "However, there were other deeper issues that revolved around both theological concerns:  On a theological level, Luther had challenged the absolute authority of the Pope over the Church by maintaining that the doctrine of indulgences, as authorized and taught by the Pope, was wrong."}], "id": "pAu7NmtbodNmUKZqbqPL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Ultimately, because of rising public support for Luther among the German people and the protection of certain German princes, the Edict of Worms was never enforced in Germany."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Despite the agreement that he could return home safely, it was privately understood that Luther would soon be arrested and punished."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "In December 1521, Jacob Proost, prior of the Augustinian monastery in Antwerp, was the first Luther-supporting cleric to be arrested and prosecuted under the terms of the Worms Edict."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "[\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u00e7sta\u02d0k tsu\u02d0 \u02c8v\u0254\u0250ms]) was an imperial diet (assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Two monks, Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos, refused to recant; on 1 July 1523, they were burned at the stake in Brussels."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "Then he answered, \"They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort.\" Then he answered, \"They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort.\" Luther went on to place the writings into three categories: (1) Works which were well received even by his enemies: those he would not reject. (2) Books which attacked the abuses, lies and desolation of the Christian world and the papacy: those, Luther believed, could not safely be rejected without encouraging abuses to continue."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms"}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "However, in the Low Countries (comprising modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands), the Edict was initially enforced against Luther's most active supporters."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "However, there were other deeper issues that revolved around both theological concerns:  On a theological level, Luther had challenged the absolute authority of the Pope over the Church by maintaining that the doctrine of indulgences, as authorized and taught by the Pope, was wrong."}], "text": "The 1521 assembly called The Diet of Worms ended in Martin Luther being able to return home safe while other people at the time were burned at the stake for supporting his teachings which supported the Pope without question.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Burroughs stated that the chapters are intended to be read in any order."}], "id": "pFVThNTmpRZ2R5fRLAJf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0"}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "Nonetheless The Naked Lunch remained the title used for the 1968 and 1974 Corgi Books editions, and the novel is often known by the alternative name, especially in the UK where these editions circulated."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Burroughs stated that the chapters are intended to be read in any order."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Naked Lunch (the restored text ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and reception", "text": "Naked Lunch is considered Burroughs' seminal work."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and reception", "text": ", Naked Lunch also protests the death penalty."}, {"section_header": "Title origin", "text": "The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Naked Lunch is a non-linear narrative without a clear plot."}, {"section_header": "Film adaptation", "text": "From the 1960s, numerous film-makers considered adapting Naked Lunch for the screen."}], "text": "Naked Lunch is a novel that does not have to be read sequentially.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Naked Lunch"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Part of the film's structure and background is borrowed from Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Additional parallels can be found with Luchino Visconti's 1960 film Rocco and His Brothers, which, besides the connection to its name, also uses the structural device of dividing sections of the film for the different siblings' plot arcs."}], "id": "pGAjbFCCIWhcqhBoSc41", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "A minor arc in the film tells part of the story of Norma and Evan."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "In both films, a large theatrical family gather for three successive years' celebrations (Thanksgiving in Allen's film, Christmas in Bergman's)."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hannah serves as the stalwart hub of the narrative; most of the events of the film connect to her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "She writes a script inspired by Hannah and Elliot, which greatly upsets Hannah."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Additional parallels can be found with Luchino Visconti's 1960 film Rocco and His Brothers, which, besides the connection to its name, also uses the structural device of dividing sections of the film for the different siblings' plot arcs."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Part of the film's structure and background is borrowed from Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander."}], "text": "Part of Woody Allen's film Hannah and Her Sisters was inspired by another film.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Dave Mustaine replied to an advertisement for a lead guitarist; Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment."}], "id": "pJYqAQN8VUbt4tGARpWx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "Metallica was the favorite to win but the award was given to Jethro Tull for the album Crest of a Knave."}, {"section_header": "History | Load, Reload and Garage Inc. (1994\u20131998)", "text": "Reload debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and reached number two on the Top Canadian Album chart."}, {"section_header": "History | S&M, Napster controversy and Newsted's departure (1999\u20132001)", "text": "S&M. It entered the Billboard 200 at number two and the Australian ARIA charts and Top Internet Albums chart at number one."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Master of Puppets was named in Q Magazine's \"50 Heaviest Albums of All Time\", and was ranked number one on IGN's \"Top 25 Metal Albums\", and number one on Metal-rules.com's \"Top 100 Heavy Metal Albums\" list. \" Enter Sandman\" was ranked number 399 on Rolling Stone's \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "The three remaining members decided Burton would want them to carry on, and with the Burton family's blessings the band sought a replacement."}, {"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "Following the release of ... And Justice for All, Metallica released its debut music video for the song \"One\", which the band performed in an abandoned warehouse."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "I think they're one of the greatest bands ever.\" Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin said Metallica has been the biggest influence on the band, stating"}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "Metallica has become one of the most influential heavy metal bands of all time, and is credited as one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal, along with Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth."}, {"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "The album was a commercial success, reaching number six on the Billboard 200, and was the band's first album to enter the top 10."}, {"section_header": "History | ...And Justice for All and Metallica (1988\u20131993)", "text": "In October 1990, Metallica entered One on One Recording's studio in North Hollywood to record its next album."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Dave Mustaine replied to an advertisement for a lead guitarist; Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment."}], "text": "One of the members of Metallica was given a spot in the band because his gear was top notch.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Kevin Costner and Mel Gibson expressed interest in portraying Schindler, but Spielberg preferred to cast the relatively unknown Neeson, so the actor's star quality would not overpower the character."}], "id": "pKs92F99Q2SMk4UYgwnC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon G\u00f6th, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Assessment by other filmmakers", "text": "Schindler's List was very well received by many of Spielberg's peers."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The final visitor is Liam Neeson, who lays two roses on the marker."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Schindler's List premiered on November 30, 1993, in Washington, D.C. and was released on December 15, 1993, in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Kevin Costner and Mel Gibson expressed interest in portraying Schindler, but Spielberg preferred to cast the relatively unknown Neeson, so the actor's star quality would not overpower the character."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Schindler and Stern create \"Schindler's List\" \u2013 a list of about 850 people to be transferred to Br\u00fcnnlitz and thus saved from transport to Auschwitz."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Schindler's List 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Assessment by other filmmakers", "text": "Spielberg meant well \u2013 but it was dumb."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Neeson felt Schindler enjoyed outsmarting the Nazis, who regarded him as a bit of a buffoon."}], "text": "The 1993 film Schindler's List stars Liam Neeson as Schindler who was not well known yet.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Schindler's List"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}], "id": "pMknZ0cQNhTV34tXSrDj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, \"Henry\", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "but Ali believed he could understand English."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi then chose Gobulo Wanrong, the daughter of one of Manchuria's richest aristocrats, who had been educated in English by American missionaries in Tianjin, who was considered to be an acceptable empress by the Dowager Consorts."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "The title of the Chinese book is usually rendered in English as From Emperor to Citizen."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Johnston was allowed only five texts in English to give Puyi to read: Alice in Wonderland and translations into English of the \"Four Great Books\" of Confucianism; the Analects, the Mencius, the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Puyi enjoyed the role and ad libbed several lines in English, shouting \"No, no, no!"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "An English version translated by Ni Na was published by China Travel and Tourism Press."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Expulsion from the Forbidden City (1924)", "text": "He was given three hours to leave."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "He was given four photographs to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Ch'ien Pan-Sheng; lit.: ' The First Half of My Life'; translated into English as From Emperor to Citizen) together with Li Wenda, an editor at the People's Publishing Bureau."}], "text": "Puyi has also used an English given name, \"Arthur\", which Puyi chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English language teacher.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}], "id": "pPCdwbnJjQh5z54TdhLj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Ronglu was one of the leaders of the conservative faction in the Qing court, and a staunch supporter of Empress Dowager Cixi; Cixi rewarded his support by marrying his daughter, Puyi's mother, into the imperial family."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Puyi was in a branch of the Aisin Gioro clan with close ties to Empress Dowager Cixi, who was from the Yehe Nara clan."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "The Xianfeng Emperor was succeeded by his only son, who became the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861\u20131875).The Tongzhi Emperor died at the age of 18 without a son, and was succeeded by the Guangxu Emperor (r. 1875\u20131908), son of 1st Prince Chun and Lady Yehe Nara Wanzhen (younger sister of Empress Dowager Cixi)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925\u20131931)", "text": "The news that the Qing tombs had been plundered and the corpse of the Dowager Empress Cixi had been desecrated greatly offended Puyi, who never forgave the Kuomintang as he held Chiang Kai-shek personally responsible for the sacking of the Qing tombs"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Marriage", "text": "Puyi then chose Gobulo Wanrong, the daughter of one of Manchuria's richest aristocrats, who had been educated in English by American missionaries in Tianjin, who was considered to be an acceptable empress by the Dowager Consorts."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Cixi's niece, who later became Empress Dowager Longyu (1868\u20131913), was married to the Guangxu Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Eat that for me', I ordered, and he knelt down and ate it\"."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "In detail In 1921, it was decided by the Dowager Consorts (the four widows of the emperors before Puyi) that it was time for the 15-year-old Puyi to be married, although court politics dragged the complete process (from selecting the bride, up through the wedding ceremony) out for almost two years."}], "text": "Puyi was an emperor by at the age of one because he was selected by Empress Dowager Cixi.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball | Negro leagues", "text": "Mays helped Birmingham win the pennant and advance to the 1948 Negro League World Series, which they lost 4-1 to the Homestead Grays."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1954-57", "text": "The 1954 World Series was the team's last championship while based in New York."}], "id": "pQRnn29FHloWyTbBODKX", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Special honors and tributes | Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "In September 2017, Major League Baseball announced their decision to rename the World Series Most Valuable Player Award after Mays, and it has since been referred to as the Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Negro leagues", "text": "Mays helped Birmingham win the pennant and advance to the 1948 Negro League World Series, which they lost 4-1 to the Homestead Grays."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "Mays had three hits in Game 1 of the World Series, a 6\u20132 loss to New York, but he would go on to bat .250 in the series."}, {"section_header": "Post-MLB baseball", "text": "Mays established a reputation for missing appointments during these years, and he also tended to go home before the start of games."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1954-57", "text": "The next time the franchise won was 56 years later when the San Francisco Giants won the World Series in 2010.During"}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1954-57", "text": "The Giants won the National League pennant and the 1954 World Series, sweeping the Cleveland Indians in four games."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"My style was always to go all out, whether I played four innings or nine."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "With two outs in the bottom of the inning, Lee Walls hit a fly ball to center field, which Mays caught for the final out as the Giants advanced to the World Series against the Yankees."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | San Francisco Giants (1958\u20131972)", "text": "It was Mays's last World Series appearance as a member of the Giants."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Negro leagues", "text": "Later that year, Mays joined the Birmingham Black Barons of the Negro American League."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1954-57", "text": "The 1954 World Series was the team's last championship while based in New York."}], "text": "Willie Mays played in the Negro Leagues before going to the MLB and he won a World Series", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Willie Mays"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual \u2013 there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings."}], "id": "pR9liLousx3m8gTAZnIu", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Death of Harold", "text": "William of Poitiers only mentions his death, without giving any details on how it occurred."}, {"section_header": "William's preparations and landing | Norman forces at Hastings", "text": "the Conqueror are extant, but most are padded with extra names; only about 35 named individuals can be reliably identified as having been with William at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Feigned flights", "text": "A lull probably occurred early in the afternoon, and a break for rest and food would probably have been needed."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Beginning of the battle", "text": "The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the death of Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine occurring just before the fight around the hillock."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000\u20138,000 English troops."}, {"section_header": "William's preparations and landing | Norman forces at Hastings", "text": "The couched lance, carried tucked against the body under the right arm, was a relatively new refinement and was probably not used at Hastings; the terrain was unfavourable for long cavalry charges."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The battle was already being referred to as \"bellum Hasestingas\" or \"Battle of Hastings\" by 1086, in the Domesday Book."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Death of Harold", "text": "It occurred at a small fortification or set of trenches where some Englishmen rallied and seriously wounded Eustace of Boulogne before being defeated by the Normans."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual \u2013 there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings."}], "text": "The Battle of Hastings occurred in Hastings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in Miami, the series centers on Dexter Morgan (Michael C. Hall), a forensic technician specializing in bloodstain pattern analysis for the fictional Miami Metro Police Department, who leads a secret parallel life as a vigilante serial killer, hunting down murderers who have slipped through the cracks of the justice system."}, {"section_header": "Production | Exterior filming", "text": "The finale episode's airport scene takes place at Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California."}], "id": "pafAa1odgo1hjwktp7Sz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Exterior filming", "text": "Although the series is set in Miami, Florida, many of the exterior scenes are filmed in Long Beach, California."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | Association with real crimes", "text": "In an affidavit filed in Ohio County court, in Indiana, police said Conley confessed that he \"watches a show called Dexter on Showtime, about a serial killer, and he stated, 'I feel just like him."}, {"section_header": "Production | Exterior filming", "text": "The finale episode's airport scene takes place at Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | U.S. broadcast", "text": "On February 17, 2008, the show premiered edited primarily for \"language\" and scenes containing sex or the dismemberment of live victims."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Merchandise", "text": "In April 2010, it released a bobblehead doll based on the show character, the Trinity Killer."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | U.S. broadcast", "text": "When the network began posting promotional videos of the rebroadcast on YouTube on January 29, 2008, PTC president Timothy F. Winter, in a formal press release, again called for CBS to not air the show on broadcast television, saying that it \"should remain on a premium subscription cable network\" because \"the series compels viewers to empathize with a serial killer, to root for him to prevail, to hope he doesn't get discovered\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set in Miami, the series centers on Dexter Morgan (Michael C. Hall), a forensic technician specializing in bloodstain pattern analysis for the fictional Miami Metro Police Department, who leads a secret parallel life as a vigilante serial killer, hunting down murderers who have slipped through the cracks of the justice system."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Popular reception", "text": "The show was declared the ninth-highest rated show for the first 10 years of IMDb.com Pro (2002\u20132012)."}, {"section_header": "Cast and crew | Crew", "text": "Cerone left the show after its second season."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Dexter: Early Cuts", "text": "The first web series precedes the narrative of the show and revolves around Dexter hunting down the three victims that he mentions in the sixth episode of season one, \"Return to Sender\"."}], "text": "Dexter was a show about a serial killer that worked for the law enforcement department in Florida and it's last scene in the television show is shot in California.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Dexter (TV series)"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Text", "text": "The entire First Folio project was delivered to the blind printer, William Jaggard, and printing began in 1622."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "The Tempest first appeared in print in 1623 in the collection of thirty-six of Shakespeare's plays entitled, Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True and Original Copies, which is known as the First Folio."}], "id": "palsgFzvepre9W4BsZcx", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Text", "text": "It was proofread and printed with special care; it is the most well-printed and the cleanest text of the thirty-six plays."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "To do the work of setting the type in the printing press, three compositors were used for The Tempest."}, {"section_header": "Date and sources | Date", "text": "It is not known for certain exactly when The Tempest was written, but evidence supports the idea that it was probably composed sometime between late 1610 to mid-1611."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "The entire First Folio project was delivered to the blind printer, William Jaggard, and printing began in 1622."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "The figure of Caliban influenced numerous works of African literature in the 1970s, including pieces by Taban Lo Liyong in Uganda, Lemuel Johnson in Sierra Leone, Ng\u0169g\u0129 wa Thiong'o in Kenya, and David Wallace of Zambia's"}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "The Tempest first appeared in print in 1623 in the collection of thirty-six of Shakespeare's plays entitled, Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True and Original Copies, which is known as the First Folio."}, {"section_header": "Date and sources | Contemporary sources", "text": "Although not published until 1625, Strachey's report, one of several describing the incident, is dated 15 July 1610, and it is thought that Shakespeare must have seen it in manuscript sometime during that year."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "However, a page with an error would not be discarded, so pages late in any given press run would be the most accurate, and each of the final printed folios may vary in this regard."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "So rare a wondered father and a wise Makes this place paradise! (4.1.122\u2013124)The word \"wise\" at the end of line 123 was printed with the traditional long \"s\" that resembles an \"f\"."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "Based on distinctive quirks in the printed words on the page, the study was able to individuate the compositors, and reveal that three compositors worked on The Tempest, who are known as Compositor B, C, and F. Compositor B worked on The Tempest's first page as well as six other pages."}], "text": "The play \"The Tempest\" was printed in 1610.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, in 1880, the son of Stephen O. Crawford (born 1842 in Vermont) and Nellie Crawford (born 1855 in Iowa)."}], "id": "pfAfddMbeGEejHHHKxQW", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was a player and umpire in the Pacific Coast League and was a coach at the University of Southern California."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "Cobb said that he would always remember Crawford's kindness."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "He later worked as an umpire in the Pacific Coast League from 1935 to 1938, quitting after finding it a thankless job and lonely life."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "As for how he hoped to be remembered, he said: \"When I kick off they'll say, 'Well, good old Sam, he wasn't such a bad guy after all."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "After his election, Crawford told the curator in Cooperstown that he wanted his plaque to read \"Wahoo Sam.\" He noted: \"That's my hometown, and I'm proud of it."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "After being released by the Tigers Crawford joined the minor league Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League, helping them to win league championships in 1918 and 1921."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "He felt that Crawford was \"a hell of a good player\", but he was \"second best\" on the Tigers and \"hated to be an also ran.\" Cobb biographer Richard Bak noted that the two \"only barely tolerated each other\" and agreed with Cobb that Crawford's attitude was driven by Cobb's having stolen Crawford's thunder."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "He stands up at the plate like a brick house and he hits all the pitchers, without playing favorites.\" Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of 13 seasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Samuel Earl Crawford (April 18, 1880 \u2013 June 15, 1968), nicknamed \"Wahoo Sam\", was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Detroit Tigers", "text": "That year, Crawford played 78 games in right field, and Heilmann played 66, with Crawford's plate appearances cut almost in half from 694 to 368."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, in 1880, the son of Stephen O. Crawford (born 1842 in Vermont) and Nellie Crawford (born 1855 in Iowa)."}], "text": "Sam Crawford's mother was from the west coast.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Sam Crawford"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}], "id": "phSP6xI1Dkpe5A8igc6d", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "This acclaimed adaptation, like many others, eliminated the second generation's story (young Cathy, Linton and Hareton) and is rather inaccurate as a literary adaptation."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The BBC produced a television dramatisation in 1967 starring Ian McShane and Angela Scoular."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "There is also a 1985 French film adaptation, Hurlevent by Jacques Rivette."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "The earliest known film adaptation of Wuthering Heights was filmed in England in 1920 and was directed by A. V. Bramble."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "It was primarily inspired by the Olivier\u2013Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Kate Bush's song \"Wuthering Heights\" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Bront\u00eb's story that is not properly an \"adaptation\"."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "Filipino director Carlos Siguion-Reyna made a film adaptation titled Hihintayin Kita sa Langit (1991)."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "In 1978, the BBC produced a five-part TV serialisation of the book starring Ken Hutchinson, Kay Adshead and John Duttine, with music by Carl Davis; it is considered one of the most faithful adaptations of Emily Bront\u00eb's story."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV", "text": "More recent film or TV adaptations include ITV's 2009 two-part drama series starring Tom Hardy, Charlotte Riley, Sarah Lancashire, and Andrew Lincoln, and the 2011 film starring Kaya Scodelario and James Howson and directed by Andrea Arnold."}], "text": "It has inspired many adaptations such as films, dramatisations, a musical, a ballet.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The King is cured and Helena chooses Bertram, who rejects her, owing to her poverty and low status."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The King forces him to marry her, but after the ceremony Bertram immediately goes to war in Italy without so much as a goodbye kiss."}], "id": "ploSp7qQXWOzksr93fRl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena, the low-born ward of a French-Spanish countess, is in love with the countess's son Bertram, who is indifferent to her."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena returns home to the countess, who is horrified at what her son has done, and claims Helena as her child in Bertram's place."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.The play is considered one of Shakespeare's \"problem plays\"; a play that poses complex ethical dilemmas that require more than typically simple solutions."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Helena's love for the seemingly unlovable Bertram is difficult to explain on the page, but in performance it can be made acceptable by casting an actor of obvious physical attraction or by playing him as a naive and innocent figure not yet ready for love"}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "One character that has been admired is that of the old Countess of Roussillon, which Shaw thought \"the most beautiful old woman's part ever written\"."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "This latter interpretation also assists at the point in the final scene in which Bertram suddenly switches from hatred to love in just one line."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "However, some alternative readings emphasise the \"if\" in his equivocal promise: \"If she, my liege, can make me know this clearly, I'll love her dearly, ever, ever dearly."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Helena appears and explains the ring swap, announcing that she has fulfilled Bertram's challenge; Bertram, impressed by all she has done to win him, swears his love to her."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles\u2014a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward\u2014as Lafew and the Countess have also said."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "In 1741 the work was played at Goodman's Fields, with a later transfer to Drury Lane."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The King is cured and Helena chooses Bertram, who rejects her, owing to her poverty and low status."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "The King forces him to marry her, but after the ceremony Bertram immediately goes to war in Italy without so much as a goodbye kiss."}], "text": "The play regards a ward of a countess who falls in love with her employer's son.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 9, "wikipedia_page": "All's Well That Ends Well"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film earned an estimated $3.4 million at the North American box office in 1952.Upon its release, critics and audiences expecting chases, fights, spectacular scenery, and other common Western film elements were dismayed to find them largely replaced by emotional and moralistic dialogue until the climactic final scenes."}], "id": "plySZhBnAKfbfYQyklTl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "Tony Soprano cites Gary Cooper's character as the archetype of what a man should be, mentally tough and stoic."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "High Noon was selected by the Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" in 1989, the NFR's first year of existence."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In one of the most iconic shots in film history, the perspective elevates and expands to show Kane standing alone on a deserted street in a deserted town."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film \u2014 an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film earned an estimated $3.4 million at the North American box office in 1952.Upon its release, critics and audiences expecting chases, fights, spectacular scenery, and other common Western film elements were dismayed to find them largely replaced by emotional and moralistic dialogue until the climactic final scenes."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Victor Navasky, author of Naming Names, a definitive account of the Hollywood blacklist, told a reporter that, based on his interviews with Kramer's widow and others, the documentary seemed \"one-sided, and the problem is it makes a villain out of Stanley Kramer, when it was more complicated than that\"."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Fleischer says his RKO contract prevented him from directing High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The story of High Noon takes place in the Old West"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In any event, respect for the Western hero has not been diminished by High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Lee Van Cleef made his film debut in High Noon."}], "text": "Watchers were disappointed by High Noon's focus on characters, emotion, and storytelling rather than action and explosions.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "High Noon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "The fiercest of these is with north London rivals Arsenal."}], "id": "pnS4LxI4M4jhwfjxy1Vh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "Tottenham supporters have rivalries with several clubs, mainly within the London area."}, {"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "They also share notable rivalries with fellow London clubs Chelsea and West Ham United."}, {"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "The rivalry began in 1913 when Arsenal moved from the Manor Ground, Plumstead to Arsenal Stadium, Highbury, and this rivalry intensified in 1919 when Arsenal were unexpectedly promoted to the First Division, taking a place that Tottenham believed should have been theirs."}, {"section_header": "Support | Rivalries", "text": "The fiercest of these is with north London rivals Arsenal."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield."}, {"section_header": "Training grounds", "text": "The main building on Hotspur Way also has hydrotherapy and swimming pools, gyms, medical facilities, dining and rest areas for players as well as classrooms for academy and schoolboy players."}, {"section_header": "Support", "text": "There are many official supporters' clubs located around the world, while an independent supporters club, the Tottenham Hotspur Supporters' Trust, is officially recognised by the club as the representative body for Spurs supporters."}], "text": "Located within the London metro area, the Hotspurs biggest rivalry is Chelsea.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom."}], "id": "po9mtpccxV98jVBXzOca", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Northeast Slav expeditions", "text": "The Abotrites remained loyal until Charles' death and fought later against the Danes."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "If born in 742, Charles was 26 years old, but he had been campaigning at his father's right hand for several years, which may help to account for his military skill."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "The younger of the two, Louis, became King of Aquitaine."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Saxon Wars", "text": "The Germanic Saxons were divided into four subgroups in four regions."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children", "text": "Nonetheless, he had only four legitimate grandsons, the four sons of his fourth son, Louis."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Early life | Date of birth", "text": "The year given in the Annales Petaviani, 747, would be more likely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne sixty-seven years old at his death."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Loss and recovery of Aquitaine", "text": "The first event of the brothers' reign was the uprising of the Aquitainians and Gascons, in 769, in that territory split between the two kings."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Loss and recovery of Aquitaine", "text": "Waifer decided to honour it, repeating his father's decision, which he justified by arguing that any agreements with Charles Martel became invalid on Martel's death."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "After his death the surviving daughters were banished from the court by their brother, the pious Louis, to take up residence in the convents they had been bequeathed by their father."}], "text": "In 778,  he became king initally getting help from his brother until his death  four years later.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, \"Apocalypse Now achieves greatness not by analyzing our 'experience in Vietnam', but by re-creating, in characters and images, something of that experience\"."}], "id": "pse5ympMNYaCE5YhsOfI", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Commentators have debated whether Apocalypse Now is an anti-war or pro-war film."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Dennis Hopper was cast as a war correspondent and observer of Kurtz; when Coppola heard Hopper talking nonstop on location, he remembered putting \"the cameras and the Montagnard shirt on him, and [shooting] the scene where he greets them on the boat\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "In April 2019, Coppola showed Apocalypse Now Final Cut for the 40th anniversary screening at the Tribeca Film Festival."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "both were involved with other projects; in Lucas's case, he got the go-ahead to make Star Wars, and declined the offer to direct Apocalypse Now."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Anthony Swofford recounted how his marine platoon watched Apocalypse Now before being sent to Iraq in 1990 to get excited for war."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, \"Apocalypse Now achieves greatness not by analyzing our 'experience in Vietnam', but by re-creating, in characters and images, something of that experience\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness to the Vietnam War setting."}], "text": "Apocalypse Now talks about the Vietnam War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dexter is an American crime drama mystery television series that aired on Showtime from October 1, 2006, to September 22, 2013."}], "id": "ptGSc0dPzgzoT7sAuoA4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The original broadcast of the series finale\u2014shown at 9 pm on September 22, 2013\u2014drew 2.8 million viewers, the largest overall audience in Showtime's history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dexter is an American crime drama mystery television series that aired on Showtime from October 1, 2006, to September 22, 2013."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | Association with real crimes", "text": "Miles pled guilty to the crime on September 9."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Season four aired its season finale on December 13, 2009, to a record-breaking audience of 2.6 million viewers, making it the most-watched original series episode ever on Showtime at that time."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Dexter: Early Cuts", "text": "A second season of the web series titled Dexter: Early Cuts: Dark Echo, one story in six chapters, premiered on October 25, 2010."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | U.S. broadcast", "text": "The PTC later objected to CBS' broadcasting of the final two episodes of season one in a two-hour block, and to the episodes' starting times, which were as early as 8 pm in some time zones."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Album soundtrack", "text": "In August 2007, the album soundtrack entitled Dexter: Music from the Showtime Original Series was released featuring music from the television series."}, {"section_header": "Other media | Games", "text": "On September 13, 2009, Icarus Studios released a video game based on the events of season one, for the iPhone platform, via the iTunes app store."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In February 2008, reruns (edited down to a TV-14 rating) began to air on CBS in the wake of the shortage of original programming ensuing from the 2007\u201308 Writers Guild of America strike, thus the reruns on CBS ended after one run of the first season."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural impact | Association with real crimes", "text": "Miles had been reported to be obsessed with the television series Dexter."}], "text": "Dexter (TV series) is an American crime drama mystery television series that aired on HBO from October 1, 2006, to September 22, 2013 in which the original broadcast of the series finale\u2014shown at 9 pm on September 22, 2013\u2014drew 5.8 million viewers, the largest overall audience in HBO's history.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dexter (TV series)"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the lead singer and guitarist of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, formed in 1976."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is stated that Petty had been suffering with pain throughout the tour, but refused to cancel due to it potentially being the final Heartbreakers tour and not wanting to let anyone down."}], "id": "pyaaFn0vIqBuxMbPBHYw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "An Ogeechee lime tree that he purportedly planted while employed at the university is now called the Tom Petty tree (Petty stated that he did not recall planting any trees)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers joined him on his True Confessions Tour."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "Shortly after embracing his musical aspirations, Petty started a band known as the Epics, later to evolve into Mudcrutch."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "In September 1979, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers performed at a Musicians United for Safe Energy concert at Madison Square Garden in New York."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "No. 40 after the band toured in the United Kingdom in support of Nils Lofgren."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "In 1985, the band participated in Live Aid, playing four songs at John F. Kennedy Stadium, in Philadelphia."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "text": "The band included future Heartbreakers Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench and was popular in Gainesville, but their recordings went unnoticed by a mainstream audience."}, {"section_header": "Views on artistic control", "text": "This so-called \"superstar pricing\" was $1.00 more than the usual list price of $8.98."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1991\u20132017: Move to Warner Bros. Records", "text": "During the summer of 2007, Petty reunited with his old bandmates Tom Leadon and Randall Marsh along with Heartbreakers Benmont Tench and Mike Campbell to reform his pre-Heartbreakers band Mudcrutch."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the lead singer and guitarist of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, formed in 1976."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is stated that Petty had been suffering with pain throughout the tour, but refused to cancel due to it potentially being the final Heartbreakers tour and not wanting to let anyone down."}], "text": "Tom Petty had a band called Tom and the Knee-slappers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Petty"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Lexicon", "text": "Pronounce 'slithy' as if it were the two words, 'sly, thee': make the 'g' hard in 'gyre' and 'gimble': and pronounce 'rath' to rhyme with 'bath.'\"In"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}], "id": "q4kc7PPz1ZICYJolbLvG", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "Definition from Oxford English Dictionary, credited to Lewis Carroll."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "In the original Mischmasch text, Carroll states a 'wabe' is \"the side of a hill (from its being soaked by rain)\"."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "Lithe' is the same as 'active'."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "called a 'wa-be' because it \"goes a long way before it, and a long way behind it\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In most cases the writers have changed the nonsense words into words relating to the parodied subject, as in Frank Jacobs's \"If Lewis Carroll Were a Hollywood Press Agent in the Thirties\" in Mad for Better or Verse."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "The g is pronounced like the /g/ in gold, not like gem (since this was how \"gyroscope\" was pronounced in Carroll's day)."}, {"section_header": "Lexicon", "text": "the Preface to The Hunting of the Snark, Carroll wrote, \"[Let] me take this opportunity of answering a question that has often been asked me, how to pronounce 'slithy toves.'"}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "\" Pronounced so as to rhyme with groves."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Often these are similar in spelling or sound to Carroll's while respecting the morphology of the language they are being translated into."}, {"section_header": "Lexicon", "text": "Pronounce 'slithy' as if it were the two words, 'sly, thee': make the 'g' hard in 'gyre' and 'gimble': and pronounce 'rath' to rhyme with 'bath.'\"In"}], "text": "Author Lewis Carroll said that the made-up word \"rath\" in \"Jabberwocky\" should be pronounced the same way \"wrath\" is.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jabberwocky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Mercuric poisoning can produce irreversible kidney damage; however, the case for this being a cause of his death is unproven."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Charles II is depicted extensively in art, literature and media."}], "id": "q7Nq4KpnHHDBnt0T89rF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "He was buried in Westminster Abbey \"without any manner of pomp\" on 14 February."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Charles had a laboratory among his many interests, where prior to his illness he had been experimenting with mercury."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "The suddenness of his illness and death led to suspicion of poison in the minds of many, including one of the royal doctors; however, a more modern medical analysis has held that the symptoms of his final illness are similar to those of uraemia (a clinical syndrome due to kidney dysfunction)."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "In the days between his collapse and his death, Charles endured a variety of torturous treatments including bloodletting, purging and cupping in hopes of effecting a recovery."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Death", "text": "Mercuric poisoning can produce irreversible kidney damage; however, the case for this being a cause of his death is unproven."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "Many of them were prosecuted and their estates seized, with Charles replacing judges and sheriffs at will and packing juries to achieve conviction."}, {"section_header": "Later years | Absolute monarch", "text": "To destroy opposition in London, Charles first disenfranchised many Whigs in the 1682 municipal elections, and in 1683 the London charter was forfeited."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He delighted and bored listeners with tales of his escape for many years."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death in 1685."}, {"section_header": "Conflict with Parliament", "text": "As he had been required to do so many times during his reign, Charles bowed to the wishes of his opponents, committing Danby to the Tower of London, in which he was held for another five years."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Charles II is depicted extensively in art, literature and media."}], "text": "Charles II's manner of death is painted and written about by many artists.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charles II of England"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band also composed several film scores."}], "id": "qEriLcIc3GIBQOGLCxow", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | Ummagumma (1969), Atom Heart Mother (1970), and Meddle (1971)", "text": "However, Melody Maker's Michael Watts found it underwhelming, calling the album \"a soundtrack to a non-existent movie\", and shrugging off Pink Floyd as \"so much sound and fury, signifying nothing\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Final Cut (1982)", "text": "In 1982, Waters suggested a project with the working title Spare Bricks, originally conceived as the soundtrack album for Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 1985\u20131994: Gilmour-led era | The Division Bell (1994)", "text": "For several years Pink Floyd had busied themselves with personal pursuits, such as filming and competing in the La Carrera Panamericana and recording a soundtrack for a film based on the event."}, {"section_header": "Lyrical themes", "text": "Author Jere O'Neill Surber wrote: \"their interests are truth and illusion, life and death, time and space, causality and chance, compassion and indifference.\" Waters identified empathy as a central theme in the lyrics of Pink Floyd."}, {"section_header": "History | 1963\u20131967: Early years | Formation", "text": "Which none of the others could do\", wrote biographer Nicholas Schaffner."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Final Cut (1982)", "text": "Waters wrote all the lyrics, as well as all the music on the album."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Genres", "text": "O'Neill Surber comments on the music of Pink Floyd: Rarely will you find Floyd dishing up catchy hooks, tunes short enough for air-play, or predictable three-chord blues progressions; and never will you find them spending much time on the usual pop album of romance, partying, or self-hype."}, {"section_header": "Musicianship | Genres", "text": "Their sonic universe is expansive, intense, and challenging ... Where most other bands neatly fit the songs to the music, the two forming a sort of autonomous and seamless whole complete with memorable hooks, Pink Floyd tends to set lyrics within a broader soundscape that often seems to have a life of its own ... Pink Floyd employs extended, stand-alone instrumentals which are never mere vehicles for showing off virtuoso but are planned and integral parts of the performance."}, {"section_header": "History | 1967\u20131978: Transition and international success | Ummagumma (1969), Atom Heart Mother (1970), and Meddle (1971)", "text": "Waters was critical of Atom Heart Mother, claiming that he would prefer if it were \"thrown into the dustbin and never listened to by anyone ever again\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 1978\u20131985: Waters-led era | The Wall (1979)", "text": "Bob Ezrin co-produced and wrote a forty-page script for the new album."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band also composed several film scores."}], "text": "Pink Floyd never wrote any movie soundtracks.", "total_likes": 5, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Pink Floyd"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble."}], "id": "qL2cuJ6BO3jsNpGhDDjw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "As a manager, he posted an 839-542 record."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "After five seasons of sharing the Twin Cities with another Western League club in Minneapolis, Comiskey and his colleagues arranged to share Chicago with the National League, whose club (the Chicago Cubs today) played on the West Side."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "He also played and managed for the Chicago Pirates in the Players' League (1890), the Browns again (1891), and the Cincinnati Reds in the National League (1892\u20131894)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "In one incident, he promised his players a bonus for winning the 1919 pennant \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota."}], "text": "Charles Comiskey began his baseball 'career' by buying a club and becoming a manager, racking up an impressive 839-542 record before going on to play.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "Stevenson conceived the idea of Treasure Island (originally titled, The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys) from a map of an imaginary, romantic island idly drawn by Stevenson and his stepson Lloyd Osbourne on a rainy day in Braemar, Scotland."}], "id": "qM7UAnwmpLf7exaEgcU5", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Possible allusions | Admiral Benbow", "text": "and this may have inspired him to feature the Inn in Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "In the novel, Dr. Livesey warns the drunkard Billy Bones that \"the name of rum for you is death.\" Various claims have been made that one island or another inspired Treasure Island:  Isla de Pinos near Cuba, which served as a supply base for pirates for about 300 years, is believed to have inspired Treasure Island."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Stevenson mentions the buried treasure and Captain Thompson in an 1881 letter to W. E. Henley, where he also provides the earliest known title for the book: \"The Sea Cook, or Treasure Island: a Story for Boys\"."}, {"section_header": "Historical allusions | Other allusions", "text": "Treasure Island was in part inspired by R. M. Ballantyne's The Coral Island, which Stevenson admired for its \"better qualities."}, {"section_header": "Related works | Sequels and prequels", "text": "Frank Delaney (2001) wrote a sequel, Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island, using the pseudonym \"Francis Bryan\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Main", "text": "He is eager and enthusiastic to go to sea and hunt for treasure."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Main", "text": "Billy, who used to be Flint's first mate, is surly and rude."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Later the book was republished as the novel Treasure Island and the book proved to be Stevenson's first financial and critical success."}, {"section_header": "Original manuscripts", "text": "Half of Stevenson's original manuscripts are lost, including those of Treasure Island, The Black Arrow, and The Master of Ballantrae."}, {"section_header": "Possible allusions | Treasure Island", "text": "Small pond in Queen Street Gardens in Edinburgh, said to have been visible from Stevenson's bedroom window in Heriot Row."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Stevenson conceived the idea of Treasure Island (originally titled, The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys) from a map of an imaginary, romantic island idly drawn by Stevenson and his stepson Lloyd Osbourne on a rainy day in Braemar, Scotland."}], "text": "Treasure Island was inspired by a sea shanty Stevenson's childminder used to sing to him at night.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Treasure Island"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Amino acids are the structural units (monomers) that make up proteins."}], "id": "qUxoTu72J4vq1r9qmvmT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-protein functions", "text": "The non-protein amino acid mimosine is found in other species of legume, in particular Leucaena leucocephala."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-protein functions", "text": "In humans, non-protein amino acids also have important roles as metabolic intermediates, such as in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)."}, {"section_header": "Physicochemical properties of amino acids", "text": "Many proteins undergo a range of posttranslational modifications, when additional chemical groups are attached to the amino acids in proteins."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Some non-proteinogenic amino acids are not found in proteins."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Non-proteinogenic amino acids that are found in proteins are formed by post-translational modification, which is modification after translation during protein synthesis."}, {"section_header": "Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids", "text": "Amino acids are the structural units (monomers) that make up proteins."}, {"section_header": "Physicochemical properties of amino acids", "text": "For example, the addition and removal of the fatty acid palmitic acid to cysteine residues in some signaling proteins causes the proteins to attach and then detach from cell membranes."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Peptide bond formation", "text": "This polymerization of amino acids is what creates proteins."}, {"section_header": "Physicochemical properties of amino acids | Table of standard amino acid abbreviations and properties", "text": "To aid in the analysis of protein structure, photo-reactive amino acid analogs are available."}, {"section_header": "Physicochemical properties of amino acids", "text": "The water-soluble proteins tend to have their hydrophobic residues (Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, and Trp) buried in the middle of the protein, whereas hydrophilic side chains are exposed to the aqueous solvent. (Note that in biochemistry, a residue refers to a specific monomer within the polymeric chain of a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid.) The integral membrane proteins tend to have outer rings of exposed hydrophobic amino acids that anchor them into the lipid bilayer."}], "text": "Amino acid are the building-blocks of  protein.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Amino acid"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 2017, the seventh-highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time during its theatrical run."}], "id": "qbKgDkkuLFgwNcdmOAfx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first \"season\"."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII \u2013 The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home video releases", "text": "It was the first Star Wars film to be released on the Ultra HD Blu-ray format."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is also the second-highest-grossing Star Wars film and turned a net profit of over $417 million."}, {"section_header": "Release | Marketing", "text": "An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home video releases", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Star Wars: The Last Jedi digitally in HD and 4K via digital download and Movies Anywhere on March 13, 2018, with an Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD physical release on March 27."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "According to creature designer Neal Scanlan, The Last Jedi has more practical effects than any Star Wars film, with 180 to 200 creatures created with practical effects, some cut from the final edit."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 2017, the seventh-highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time during its theatrical run."}], "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi was the highest earning film during the year it was released.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}], "id": "qd7cOuzWOmpXkwd4dQMW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Television", "text": "Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio", "text": "In 1988, Glenn Close narrated a version of the story for Windham Hill Records (WH-0711), later also released on audio cassette and CD (WD-0711)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" was first published in 1820."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio", "text": "In 2005, BBC Radio 7 broadcast a three-part reading of the story narrated by Martin Jarvis, broadcast several times since on BBC Radio 4 Extra."}, {"section_header": "Geographic impact", "text": "Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held \"Legend Weekend\", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film", "text": "They soon realize that someone is taking the original legend too far. '\" The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow\" a retelling of the story by the Smurfs."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "The d\u00e9nouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Along with Irving's companion piece \"Rip Van Winkle\", \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during Halloween because of a character known as the Headless Horseman believed to be a Hessian soldier who was decapitated by a cannonball in battle."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio", "text": "In 2009 Historic Hudson Valley released an unabridged dramatic reading by Jonathan Kruk with musical effects by Matt Noble."}], "text": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was originally part of a larger volume of short works said to be written by a fictional person, but was later released as it's own work, crediting the actual author, before being turned into several movies and audio cassettes.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Initially, the film was to feature two Indoraptors, a white one and a black one, the latter of which would kill the former in what Bayona considered similar to Cain and Abel."}], "id": "qezYkeSEgcn56aUt8bDW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Writing | Bayona", "text": "Bayona had his own ideas incorporated into the script while essentially retaining the original story devised by Trevorrow and Connolly."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing | Bayona", "text": "Regarding the mansion sequence in which Maisie is chased by the Indoraptor, Bayona compared the scenes to \"the classic ending of a fairy tale, of a Gothic story, like finishing at the top of the castle with the princess in the tower and the dragon chasing the little girl."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "Marshall thought that Cabo San Lucas would be ideal, but these locations ultimately did not work for the film's story."}, {"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Within the film's story, the T. rex is portrayed as the same individual featured in previous films."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Trevorrow said the film's story was inspired by a quote from Dr. Alan Grant in the first film: \"Dinosaurs and man, two species separated by 65 million years of evolution, have suddenly been thrown back into the mix together."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "The script's structure, Trevorrow said, was inspired by Spielberg's 2015 film Bridge of Spies, in which two seemingly unrelated stories \"collide in the middle, and move on together."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "He chose to remove them to keep the story focused."}, {"section_header": "Production | Pre-production", "text": "Trevorrow also said the film would feature many dinosaurs that were not seen in previous films and denied that the film's story would involve militarized dinosaurs, which would only be mentioned in the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Isla Nublar's volcano was in the first novel, and the writers chose to incorporate it into the film's plot."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The original cut of the film was approximately two hours and 45 minutes, which the filmmakers considered too long."}, {"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Initially, the film was to feature two Indoraptors, a white one and a black one, the latter of which would kill the former in what Bayona considered similar to Cain and Abel."}], "text": "The original story for two of the film's fictional raptors was compared to a biblical story by the Writer, Bayona.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "She is of British ancestry, and has Irish paternal ancestry and Swedish maternal ancestry."}], "id": "qgL3MRI61UToRlgZW3Yl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2009, and in 2012, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2004\u20132007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children", "text": "Unlike her previous assignments, the role allowed her to display the quirky side to her personality."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (n\u00e9e Bridges) and Roger John Winslet."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "In an effort to encourage natural ageing, she formed the British Anti-Cosmetic Surgery League, alongside the actresses Emma Thompson and Rachel Weisz."}, {"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "In 2009, Winslet narrated the English version of an Icelandic documentary named A Mother's Courage: Talking Back to Autism, about Margret Ericsdottir, whose child Keli Thorsteinsson has non-verbal autism."}, {"section_header": "Humanitarian work", "text": "Winslet was one of the celebrities to participate in a 2007 auction to raise funds for the Afghanistan Relief Organization."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2004\u20132007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children", "text": "She twisted her ankle while filming one of the dance sequences."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1994\u20131996: Film breakthrough", "text": "She won the Screen Actors Guild and British Academy Film Award for Best Supporting Actress, and received nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award in the same category."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Disillusioned by the way the British tabloids portrayed her personal life, Winslet moved to New York."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "She is of British ancestry, and has Irish paternal ancestry and Swedish maternal ancestry."}], "text": "British actress Kate Winslet also has German heritage on her mother's side.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Three steps to economic development", "text": "Deng continued to chair and develop the reform and opening up as the main policy, and he advanced the three steps suitable for China's economic development strategy within seventy years: the first step, to double the 1980 GNP and ensure that the people have enough food and clothing, was attained by the end of the 1980s; the second step, to quadruple the 1980 GNP by the end of the 20th century, was achieved in 1995 ahead of schedule; the third step, to increase per capita GNP to the level of the medium-developed countries by 2050, at which point, the Chinese people will be fairly well-off and modernization will be basically realized."}], "id": "qiOg7T87KTzfNrmSieRP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political rise | Resumed war against the Nationalists", "text": "Deng played a major part in the Huaihai Campaign against the nationalists."}, {"section_header": "Memorials", "text": "This statue is dedicated to Deng's role as a planner and contributor to the development of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, starting in 1979."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Three steps to economic development", "text": "Deng continued to chair and develop the reform and opening up as the main policy, and he advanced the three steps suitable for China's economic development strategy within seventy years: the first step, to double the 1980 GNP and ensure that the people have enough food and clothing, was attained by the end of the 1980s; the second step, to quadruple the 1980 GNP by the end of the 20th century, was achieved in 1995 ahead of schedule; the third step, to increase per capita GNP to the level of the medium-developed countries by 2050, at which point, the Chinese people will be fairly well-off and modernization will be basically realized."}, {"section_header": "Resignation and 1992 southern tour", "text": "Deng was recognized officially as \"the chief architect of China's economic reforms and China's socialist modernization\"."}, {"section_header": "Death and reaction", "text": "There was a significant amount of international reaction to Deng's death: UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said Deng was to be remembered \"in the international community at large as a primary architect of China's modernization and dramatic economic development\"."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Population control and crime control", "text": "China's rapid economic growth presented several problems."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Export focus", "text": "Thus, Deng's reforms shifted China's development strategy to an emphasis on light industry and export-led growth."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | International affairs", "text": "With these visits so significant, Deng made it clear that the new Chinese regime's priorities were economic and technological development."}, {"section_header": "Political rise | At the Jiangxi Soviet", "text": "In the winter of 1932, Deng went on to play the same position in the nearby district of Huichang."}, {"section_header": "Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Reform and Opening-up | Further reforms", "text": "Reforms and Openness). China's domestic social, political, and most notably, economic systems would undergo significant changes during Deng's time."}], "text": "Deng Xiaoping didn't play a major role in China's economic development.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Deng Xiaoping"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}], "id": "qijNQrPXqJUhDiVSErsD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "1928 batting title", "text": "Goslin was leading Manush when his turn came to bat in the ninth inning."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Goslin was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968, along with Kiki Cuyler, by the Veterans Committee."}, {"section_header": "The \"G-Men\" lead Detroit to the 1934 and 1935 World Series", "text": "The Tigers won the 1935 World Series on Goslin's game-winning single in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 6."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "\" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "The \"G-Men\" lead Detroit to the 1934 and 1935 World Series", "text": "With the game tied 3\u20133 in the top of the ninth inning, the Cubs' Stan Hack hit a lead-off triple, but Detroit ace Tommy Bridges struck out the next batter, followed by a ground-out and a fly-out caught by Goslin in left field."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "When he was inducted into the Hall, Goslin broke down and cried."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Goslin ranked #6 on the Sports Illustrated list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "Goslin drove the ball into the gap."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}], "text": "Goslin was referred to as \"Goose\" in baseball.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Many of the beaches in this part of England are made up of small stones or pebbles rather than sand, and Arnold describes the sea ebbing over the stones as a \"grating roar\"."}], "id": "qiyOy7T5qZVv8tE5Oxkg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "He describes an ancient battle that occurred on a similar beach during the Athenian invasion of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching \"Dover Beach\" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Many of the beaches in this part of England are made up of small stones or pebbles rather than sand, and Arnold describes the sea ebbing over the stones as a \"grating roar\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Samuel Barber composed a setting of \"Dover Beach\" for string quartet and baritone."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "William Butler Yeats responds directly to Arnold's pessimism in his four-line poem, \"The Nineteenth Century and After\" (1929): Anthony Hecht, US Poet Laureate, replied to \"Dover Beach\" in his poem \"The Dover Bitch\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Beach\" has been mentioned in a number of novels, plays, poems, and films: In Dodie Smith's novel, I Capture the Castle (1940), the book's protagonist remarks that Debussy's Clair de Lune reminds her of \"Dover Beach\" (in the film adaptation of the novel, the character quotes (or, rather, misquotes) a line from the poem)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "In Stefan Collini's opinion, \"Dover Beach\" is a difficult poem to analyze, and some of its passages and metaphors  have become so well known that they are hard to see with \"fresh eyes\"."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role (\"Listen!"}], "text": "Dover Beach is a poem that describes the beachfront as large rocks as opposed to a tropical beach.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Dover Beach"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time, the nearest MLB team was nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played several sports as a child and he won a city tennis championship for his age group when he was 14."}], "id": "qlexMxYbXwNnaSALseSk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin was born in Excelsior District of San Francisco, California."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "As early as 1938, it was apparent that Cronin was nearing the end of his playing career."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played several sports as a child and he won a city tennis championship for his age group when he was 14."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "\"In 1999, he was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As AL president", "text": "While the National League held only an 8\u20137 edge in World Series play during the Cronin era, it dominated the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, going 15\u20133\u20131 in the 19 games played from 1959\u201373."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As AL president", "text": "Of the four expansion teams that joined the league beginning in 1961, three abandoned their original host cities within a dozen years (the Pilots after only one season), and only one team\u2014the Royals\u2014remained in its original municipality."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During his 20-year playing career (1926\u20131945), Cronin played for three teams, primarily the Boston Red Sox; he was a player-manager for 13 seasons (1933\u20131945), and served as manager for two additional seasons (1946\u20131947)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first AL player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time, the nearest MLB team was nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from San Francisco."}], "text": "Born in California, Joe Cronin played tennis when a Major League Baseball team was on the other end of the country.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}], "id": "qpVZWpJXY9eUckd0SISG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "The book was adapted for a 1997 film of the same name, directed and co-written by Curtis Hanson and starring Kevin Spacey, Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, James Cromwell, Kim Basinger, David Strathairn and Danny DeVito."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "L.A. Confidential (1990) is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy, and the third of his L.A. Quartet series."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "It was nominated for nine Academy Awards; Kim Basinger won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film, while Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "However, the pilot was not picked up as a running series."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Film", "text": "The film was universally acclaimed."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "L.A. Confidential received many positive reviews."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "In 2003, a television pilot of L.A. Confidential was aired."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James Ellroy dedicated L.A. Confidential \"to Mary Doherty Ellroy\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The title refers to the scandal magazine Confidential, which is fictionalized as Hush-Hush."}, {"section_header": "In other media | Television", "text": "The pilot is a special feature on the two-disc DVD and the Blu-ray releases of the film."}], "text": "L.A. Confidential is the second book in the L.A. Quartet series and was adapted for a 1997 film of the same name, directed and co-written by Curtis Hanson.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "L.A. Confidential"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "Sullivan embarked on his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour songs and other light pieces in a more commercial vein."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the extraordinary success of H.M.S. Pinafore (1878) and The Pirates of Penzance (1879), Carte used his profits from the partnership to build the Savoy Theatre in 1881, and their joint works became known as the Savoy operas."}], "id": "qprmvIJqI6oj1unJEIcm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 \u2013 22 November 1900) was an English composer."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "Herman Klein called the episode \"the strangest comingling of success and failure ever chronicled in the history of British lyric enterprise!\" Later in 1891 Sullivan composed music for Tennyson's The Foresters, which ran well at Daly's Theatre in New York in 1892, but failed in London the following year."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1870s: first collaborations with Gilbert", "text": "In 1879 Sullivan suggested to a reporter from The New York Times the secret of his success with Gilbert: \"His ideas are as suggestive for music as they are quaint and laughable."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "In other words, it will look rather more than odd to see announced in the papers that a new comic opera is in preparation, the book by Mr. W. S. Gilbert and the music by Sir Arthur Sullivan."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1870s: first collaborations with Gilbert", "text": "\" Pinafore was followed by The Pirates of Penzance in 1879, which opened in New York and then ran in London for 363 performances."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Rising composer", "text": "Sullivan embarked on his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour songs and other light pieces in a more commercial vein."}, {"section_header": "Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years", "text": "The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1870s: first collaborations with Gilbert", "text": "He also composed a dramatic cantata, On Shore and Sea, for the opening of the London International Exhibition, and the hymn \"Onward, Christian Soldiers\", with words by Sabine Baring-Gould."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "In 1895 Sullivan once more provided incidental music for the Lyceum, this time for J. Comyns Carr's King Arthur."}, {"section_header": "Music | Method of composition and text setting", "text": "In composing the Savoy operas, Sullivan wrote the vocal lines of the musical numbers first, and these were given to the actors."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the extraordinary success of H.M.S. Pinafore (1878) and The Pirates of Penzance (1879), Carte used his profits from the partnership to build the Savoy Theatre in 1881, and their joint works became known as the Savoy operas."}], "text": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan was a British composer who wrote hymns to learn about music was more successful in New York than in London.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Arthur Sullivan"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles."}], "id": "qswpaTtw4qdWDnWdxlem", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Then the epic narrative takes up events prophesied for the future, such as Achilles' imminent death and the fall of Troy, although the narrative ends before these events take place."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Aeschylus' trilogy, the Oresteia, comprising Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides, follows the story of Agamemnon after his return from the war."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Even without Homer, the Trojan War story had remained central to Western European medieval literary culture and its sense of identity."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although the story covers only a few weeks in the final year of the war, the Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege; the earlier events, such as the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of the war, and related concerns tend to appear near the beginning."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gods", "text": "He says that humans during that time were lacking what we today call consciousness."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture | Contemporary popular culture", "text": "Informed by Julian Jaynes' theory of the bicameral mind and the historicity of the Trojan War, it depicts its characters as real men to whom the gods appear only as hallucinations or command voices during the sudden and painful transition to truly modern consciousness."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Note: Book numbers are in parentheses and come before the synopsis of the book.(1) After an invocation to the Muses, the story launches in medias res towards the end of the Trojan War between the Trojans and the besieging Greeks."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Kleos", "text": "When Agamemnon takes Briseis from Achilles, he takes away a portion of the kleos he had earned."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Kleos", "text": "The stars conjure profound images of the place of a single man, no matter how heroic, in the perspective of the entire cosmos."}], "text": "The story takes place during the Peloponnesian War.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "On January 6, 2016, Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 99.32 percent of the vote, breaking the record previously held by Tom Seaver's 98.84 percent in 1992."}], "id": "qtscbV4bilKVwYGv9AiY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional career | Retirement", "text": "In an interview on March 17, 2011, Griffey stated he had retired to avoid being a distraction for the team."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "He was formally inducted on August 10, 2013."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "On Sunday August 10, 2014, Griffey Jr. was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was inducted into both the Mariners' Hall of Fame and the Reds Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career", "text": "On January 22, 2013, the Mariners announced Griffey would be the seventh person inducted into the Seattle Mariners Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The jersey retirement includes the number 24 also being taken out of circulation of all of the Mariners minor league affiliates."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000\u20132008) | 2008", "text": "Despite being ranked second in the National League All-Star voting for outfielders for most of the first half of the season, Griffey finished fourth with 2,907,746 ballots, 87,000 votes behind Kosuke Fukudome."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "The other is Chipper Jones, who was inducted in 2018.To coincide with his Hall of Fame election, the Mariners announced on January 8, 2016, that they would retire his jersey number 24."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Griffey is the son of former MLB player Ken Griffey Sr."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The Griffey family resides in Winter Garden, Florida, where Ken Griffey Sr. is also a resident."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election", "text": "On January 6, 2016, Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 99.32 percent of the vote, breaking the record previously held by Tom Seaver's 98.84 percent in 1992."}], "text": "Griffey has yet to be inducted to Cooperstown.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Ken Griffey Jr."}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha also critiqued the practices of brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is revered as the founder of the world religion of Buddhism."}], "id": "qvOZPA6tfXe1nNY7NzhT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu."}, {"section_header": "Biography | First sermon and formation of the sa\u1e45gha", "text": "The Buddha then continued to teach the other ascetics and they formed the first sa\u1e45gha: the company of Buddhist monks."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "In the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, Buddha is regarded as one of the Manifestations of God."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Some early Chinese Taoist-Buddhists thought the Buddha to be a reincarnation of Laozi."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Disciples of the Cao \u0110\u00e0i religion worship the Buddha as a major religious teacher."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "However, most Classical scholars described Buddha in theistic terms, that is apart from Islamic teachings."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "The only story in which St. Josaphat appears, Barlaam and Josaphat, is based on the life of the Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "By the 12th century, al-Shahrastani even compared Buddha to Khidr, described as an ideal human."}, {"section_header": "Gautama Buddha in other religions", "text": "Such idols had been sold in Buddhist temples next to a mosque in Bukhara, but he does not further discuss the role of Buddha."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Buddha also critiqued the practices of brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is revered as the founder of the world religion of Buddhism."}], "text": "Gautama Buddha was not the first Buddha in existence.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Gautama Buddha"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Their career together ended in 1983 when Karen died from heart failure brought on by complications of anorexia."}], "id": "r2SpLzlMfOqiQTSgQmje", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Post-Carpenters", "text": "The original house was featured on the cover of Now & Then and was where Karen had died."}, {"section_header": "Musical style | Karen", "text": "Karen was an accomplished drummer, which was her original musical role, but she soon began to sing for the group too."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Their career together ended in 1983 when Karen died from heart failure brought on by complications of anorexia."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | Karen's death", "text": "After Richard and his parents spent 20 minutes in a waiting room, a doctor entered and told them Karen had died."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950\u20131983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946)."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | The Singles: 1974\u20131978", "text": "During the sessions, several non-Christmas songs were recorded such as \"Where Do I Go from Here\", which was not released until after Karen's death."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The siblings were born in New Haven, Connecticut, and moved to Downey, California, in 1963."}, {"section_header": "History | As the Carpenters | The Singles: 1969\u20131973", "text": "The duo ultimately moved out of their parents' house; at first the siblings shared a home."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "He cited the group as an early influence growing up."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum", "text": "He bought a tape recorder, and began to make recordings of the group."}], "text": "The Carpenters were a sibling group until Karen died.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Carpenters"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is used for a variety of other purposes in the chemical industry."}], "id": "r3LwZoKgzQ4nO3xZ8mt8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manufacture | Contact process", "text": "H2O \u2192 2 H2SO4Directly dissolving SO3 in water is not practiced."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is used for a variety of other purposes in the chemical industry."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "The major use for sulfuric acid is in the \"wet method\" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Domestic uses", "text": "H2O Sulfuric acid at high concentrations is frequently the major ingredient in acidic drain cleaners which are used to remove grease, hair, tissue paper, etc."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial cleaning agent", "text": "This combustion process produces gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) which are then used to manufacture \"new\" sulfuric acid."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Catalyst", "text": "Sulfuric acid is also often used as a dehydrating or oxidising agent in industrial reactions, such as the dehydration of various sugars to form solid carbon."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial production of chemicals", "text": "Another important use for sulfuric acid is for the manufacture of aluminium sulfate, also known as paper maker's alum."}, {"section_header": "Uses | Industrial cleaning agent", "text": "Used acid is often recycled using a spent acid regeneration (SAR) plant."}, {"section_header": "Uses", "text": "Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid", "text": "In particular, \"10M\" sulfuric acid (the modern equivalent of chamber acid, used in many titrations) is prepared by slowly adding 98% sulfuric acid to an equal volume of water, with good stirring: the temperature of the mixture can rise to 80 \u00b0C (176 \u00b0F) or higher."}], "text": "Sulfuric acid has no practical uses.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sulfuric acid"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Massenet wrote more than thirty operas."}], "id": "r4AAEyrqK2B7fUFFEM6a", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jules \u00c9mile Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Massenet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl emil f\u0281ede\u0281ik masn\u025b]; 12 May 1842 \u2013 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "Massenet wrote more than thirty operas."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early works", "text": "Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, whom Massenet beat in the election for the vacancy, was resentful at being passed over for a younger composer."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "Like Werther, it did not gain widespread popularity among French opera-goers until its first revival, which was four years after the premiere, by when the composer's association with Sanderson was over."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "\"According to Operabase, analysis of productions around the world in 2012\u201313 shows Massenet as the twentieth most popular of all opera composers, and the fourth most popular French one, after Bizet, Offenbach and Gounod."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "The work finally reached Paris in February 1884, by which time Massenet had established himself as the leading French opera composer of his generation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879\u201396", "text": "For her, the composer revised Manon and wrote Esclarmonde (1889)."}, {"section_header": "Music | Operas", "text": "In some of his operas, such as Esclarmonde and Le mage, Massenet moved away from the traditional French pattern of free-standing arias and duets."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early years", "text": "Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons."}], "text": "French composer Jules Massenet wrote over 300 operas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jules Massenet"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Perry has English, German, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry."}], "id": "r866TI6sHnIawt6FJisg", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "Perry also hosted the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards in November 2009, becoming the first person to host two consecutive ceremonies of the European awards."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "In February 2017, the singer launched a shoe line titled \"Katy Perry Collections\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Witness and American Idol", "text": "Her shoes are available on her website, Katy Perry Collections, and at retailers such as Dillard's and Walmart."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare."}, {"section_header": "Tours", "text": "Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) The Complete Confection (2012) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) Smile (2020) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining"}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "On July 5, 2012, Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was released to theaters through Paramount Pictures."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2007\u20132009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys", "text": "Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour, from January to November 2009 to support One of the Boys."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "Perry released a mobile app titled Katy Perry Pop in December 2015 through Glu Mobile where her character helps players become famous musicians."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Perry has English, German, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry."}], "text": "Katy Perry has European roots.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle."}], "id": "rCbEyV1Tgj2wJuRdomSg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019\u201320 season."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium", "text": "The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991\u201392 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game)."}, {"section_header": "History | Premier League football (1992\u2013present)", "text": "Tottenham was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of the Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association, replacing the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football."}, {"section_header": "Tottenham Hotspur Ladies", "text": "May 2019 Tottenham Hotspur Ladies won promotion to the FA Women's Super League with a 1\u20131 draw at Aston Villa, which confirmed they would finish second in the Championship."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "In April 1884 the club was renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football Club\" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby."}, {"section_header": "Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane", "text": "The White Hart Lane ground was built on a disused plant nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named the White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the road White Hart Lane actually lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance)."}, {"section_header": "Crest", "text": "Harry Hotspur, after whom the club is named, was said to have been given the nickname Hotspur as he dug in his spurs to make his horse go faster as he charged in battles, and spurs are also associated with fighting cocks."}, {"section_header": "History | Premier League football (1992\u2013present)", "text": "They appointed Mauricio Pochettino as head coach, who was in the role between 2014 and 2019."}, {"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1882\u20131908)", "text": "Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle."}], "text": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C. was created by a few younger lads headed by one named Billy Beltlatch.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}], "id": "rG4F82COx8Xm6tcI278M", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.Comiskey died in Eagle River, Wisconsin in 1931."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "She writes: \"Charles Risberg and Claude Williams made less than  $3,000 a year ($44,240 today)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him \"frugal\"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms."}], "text": "Charles Comiskey was removed from the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}], "id": "rILLUxgdJmG9miA60mJf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "After two years as a coach for the 1977\u201378 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 \u2013 June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for 19 years with the St. Louis Cardinals (1945\u20131956, 1961\u20131963), New York Giants (1956\u20131957) and Milwaukee Braves (1957\u20131960), and was named to 10 All Star teams."}, {"section_header": "Major league playing career (1945\u20131963)", "text": "as their shortstop, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be their left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Under his direction, St. Louis won the 1967 and 1968 National League pennants and the 1967 World Series, and he was named National League Manager of the Year in 1967 and 1968."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."}, {"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career (1964\u20132018)", "text": "He remained an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager."}], "text": "Red Schoendienst is remembered for returning to his coaching, managing, and playing  67 years with the Major League team  St. Louis Cardinals in Missouri.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Red Schoendienst"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}], "id": "rKAvcASO9OzQZV98xCvz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for money."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Wealth", "text": "George Wickham tried to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam married for money."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Marriage", "text": "When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "She later renamed the story Pride and Prejudice around about 1811/1812, which she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to Thomas Egerton for \u00a3110 (equivalent to \u00a37,381 in 2019)."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Wealth", "text": "Money plays a fundamental role in the marriage market, for the young ladies seeking a well-off husband and for men who wish to marry a woman of means."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Elizabeth has difficulty in convincing her father that she is marrying for love, not position and wealth, but Mr. Bennet is finally convinced."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "She uses Charlotte to convey how women of her time would adhere to society's expectation for women to marry even if it is not out of love, but convenience."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently made around \u00a3450 from just the first two editions of the book."}], "text": "The novel is based  around the importance of marrying for love and not money.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "We love playing for American audiences, and are excited to share our first English-language release with our fans\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "In anticipation of their upcoming American tour, the band released a five-song mini-album, titled B'z, featuring five re-recorded English versions of various hits such as \"Juice\", \"Ultra Soul\" and \"Splash\", and \"Into Free-Dangan-\" released as a digital single."}], "id": "rKBJfJcsKzFuyyUa44w3", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}, {"section_header": "History | Returning to the music scene (1999\u20132000)", "text": "When they released \"Juice\", on 12 July, the duo set a Japanese record of marking No.1 in the first week, making it their 25th"}, {"section_header": "History | Adopting pop and temporary hiatus (1995\u20131998)", "text": "In the mid-1998, B'z entered a period of both rest and recording."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2003 HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "In 2003, HMV Japan ranked the band at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as \"soft\", the other two are \"fast and rocking\"."}, {"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "We love playing for American audiences, and are excited to share our first English-language release with our fans\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "On 1 August, their box set The Complete B'z was digitally released only for the Japanese iTunes Store."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "For the album's recording, the duo was particularly worried about its live sound."}, {"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "In anticipation of their upcoming American tour, the band released a five-song mini-album, titled B'z, featuring five re-recorded English versions of various hits such as \"Juice\", \"Ultra Soul\" and \"Splash\", and \"Into Free-Dangan-\" released as a digital single."}], "text": "The Japanese pop and rock duo the B'z have recorded in both Japanese and English to appease their fans world-wide.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the \"Queen of Soul\"."}], "id": "rMPYosYOHABMC29HKDU0", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin eventually called off the 2012 engagement."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "When Franklin was 12, her father began managing her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called \"gospel caravan\" tours for her to perform in various churches."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death and funeral", "text": "Civil rights activist and minister Al Sharpton called her a \"civil rights and humanitarian icon\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Besides the foregoing, Franklin's well-known hits also include \"Ain't No Way\", \"Call Me\", \"Don't Play That Song (You Lied)\" , \"Spanish Harlem\", \"Rock Steady\", \"Day Dreaming\", \" Besides the foregoing, Franklin's well-known hits also include \"Ain't No Way\", \"Call Me\", \"Don't Play That Song (You Lied)\" , \"Spanish Harlem\", \"Rock Steady\", \"Day Dreaming\", \" Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)\", \"Something He Can Feel\","}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin would visit them often."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin and Turman separated in 1982 after Franklin returned to Michigan from California, and they divorced in 1984."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "On August 31, 1957, Franklin had a second child with Jordan, named Edward Derone Franklin after his father."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "Franklin was featured on vocals and piano."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin was the mother of four sons."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin was a Christian and was a registered Democrat."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the \"Queen of Soul\"."}], "text": "Franklin was called the \"Mistress of Soul\".", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Aretha Franklin"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536 for treason against Henry VIII; her ghost supposedly haunts the Church of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower, where she is buried, and has been said to walk around the White Tower carrying her head under her arm."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte."}], "id": "rR3oYfgPh0QQLWekt62V", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architecture | Layout", "text": "The castle encloses an area of almost 12 acres (4.9 hectares) with a further 6 acres (2.4 ha) around the Tower of London constituting the Tower Liberties \u2013 land under the direct influence of the castle and cleared for military reasons."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "It has seized me!\" Other nameless and formless terrors have been reported, more recently, by night staff at the Tower."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "Other reported ghosts include Henry VI, Lady Jane Grey, Margaret Pole, and the Princes in the Tower."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "Ainsworth also played another role in the Tower's history, as he suggested that Beauchamp Tower should be opened to the public so they could see the inscriptions of 16th- and 17th-century prisoners."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 1097 King William II ordered a wall to be built around the Tower of London; it was probably built from stone as a replacement for the timber palisade that arced around the north and west sides of the castle, between the Roman wall and the Thames."}, {"section_header": "Foundation and early history", "text": "As the fortified bridge into London was held by Saxon troops, he decided instead to ravage Southwark before continuing his journey around southern England."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Innermost ward", "text": "Around this time, a kitchen was built in the ward."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Innermost ward", "text": "The area around the White Tower was cleared so that anyone approaching would have to cross open ground."}, {"section_header": "Restoration and tourism", "text": "As well as having ceremonial duties, the Yeoman Warders provide guided tours around the Tower."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Innermost ward", "text": "Construction of Wakefield and Lanthorn Towers \u2013 located at the corners of the innermost ward's wall along the river \u2013 began around 1220."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536 for treason against Henry VIII; her ghost supposedly haunts the Church of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower, where she is buried, and has been said to walk around the White Tower carrying her head under her arm."}, {"section_header": "Ghosts", "text": "In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte."}], "text": "Nobody has ever reported seeing undead spirits wandering around the Tower of London.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tower of London"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "At the time of the Second Temple, the present site of the mosque was occupied by the Royal Stoa, a basilica running the southern wall of the enclosure."}], "id": "raL5ikqGBX3UZFtxRiE9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Architecture | Ablution fountain", "text": "Today, it stands as a monumental structure."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In 1816, the mosque was restored by Governor Sulayman Pasha al-Adil after having been in a dilapidated state."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern era", "text": "The renovations included reinforcing the mosque's ancient Umayyad foundations, rectifying the interior columns, replacing the beams, erecting a scaffolding, conserving the arches and drum of the main dome's interior, rebuilding the southern wall, and replacing timber in the central nave with a slab of concrete."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "The mosque resides on an artificial platform that is supported by arches constructed by Herod's engineers to overcome the difficult topographic conditions resulting from the southward expansion of the enclosure into the Tyropoeon and Kidron valleys."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "The current construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque is dated to the early Umayyad period of rule in Palestine."}, {"section_header": "Architecture | Interior", "text": "The mosque's interior is supported by 45 columns, 33 of which are white marble and 12 of stone."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "Most scholars agree that the mosque's reconstruction was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completion."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "This included the building of the Fountain of Qasim Pasha (1527), the restoration of the Pool of Raranj, and the building of three free-standing domes\u2014the most notable being the Dome of the Prophet built in 1538."}, {"section_header": "History | Construction by the Umayyads", "text": "In 713\u201314, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule."}, {"section_header": "History | Earthquakes and reconstructions", "text": "In 1345, the Mamluks under al-Kamil Shaban added two naves and two gates to the mosque's eastern side."}, {"section_header": "History | Pre-construction", "text": "At the time of the Second Temple, the present site of the mosque was occupied by the Royal Stoa, a basilica running the southern wall of the enclosure."}], "text": "Al-Aqsa Mosque's walls have been standing since Herod's rule.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Al-Aqsa Mosque"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}], "id": "rbQpEY1mQkY2sJpsq90v", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 \u2013 October 26, 1931), also nicknamed \"Commy\" or \"The Old Roman\", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing and managing career", "text": "Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917)."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him \"frugal\"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career | As an owner", "text": "When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark.\" Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season)."}], "text": "Comiskey was sometimes referred to as \"The Old Grump\".", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Charles Comiskey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | Background", "text": "Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima."}], "id": "rd4365qbUie5TlIc6z10", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Background", "text": "Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima."}, {"section_header": "Style", "text": "Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Many of Vonnegut's recurring themes are prevalent in Cat's Cradle, most notably the issues of free will and man's relation to technology."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot summary", "text": "Newt reiterates the idea of the cat's cradle, implying that the game, with its invisible cat, is an appropriate symbol for nonsense and the meaninglessness of life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Theodore Sturgeon praised Cat's Cradle, describing its storyline as \"appalling, hilarious, shocking, and infuriating\", and concluded that \"this is an annoying book and you must read it."}, {"section_header": "Film, television or theatrical adaptations", "text": "Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut."}], "text": "Cat's Cradle is set in the 21st century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born into a musical family and raised in the Irish-speaking area of Gweedore in County Donegal, Enya began her music career when she joined her family's Celtic folk band Clannad in 1980 on keyboards and backing vocals."}], "id": "rdtYEBsDJ6a7Ep2s0Fdq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "A relationship she had with one man ended in 1997, around the time when she considered taking time out of music to have a family, but found she was putting pressure on herself over the matter and \"gone the route I wanted to go\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "\"It was devastating to be torn away from such a large family, but it was good for my music."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The fifth of nine children, Enya was born into a Roman Catholic family of musicians."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born into a musical family and raised in the Irish-speaking area of Gweedore in County Donegal, Enya began her music career when she joined her family's Celtic folk band Clannad in 1980 on keyboards and backing vocals."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "Enya chose to leave to pursue a solo career with the Ryans, which initially caused some friction between the three and her family"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "\" Enya left the school at 17 and studied classical music in college for one year with the aim of becoming \"a piano teacher sort of person."}, {"section_header": "Musical style", "text": "However, Enya does not classify her music as part of the genre."}, {"section_header": "Musical style", "text": "When asked what genre she would classify her music, her reply was \"Enya\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "Enya looked back on the project as a good career move, but a disappointing one as \"we weren't part of it at the end\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u2013present: And Winter Came... and Dark Sky Island", "text": "She spent her time resting, visiting family in Australia, and renovating her new home in the south of France."}], "text": "Enya was the only one in her family that was into music.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Enya"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara."}], "id": "repiZYYQyPUVql1chWhG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (n\u00e9e Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home, a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California on May 19, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "Perry partnered with the Santa Barbara Foundation, the 93108 Fund and The 805 UndocuFund, organizations which help in assisting members of the community in the Santa Barbara area through grants and various philanthropic efforts."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Her parents are born again Christians, each having turned to religion after a \"wild youth\"."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "From May 2010 to September 2011, the singer spent a record-breaking total of 69 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "The concert benefited those recovering from the aftermath of the 2017 California wildfires and 2018 Southern California mudflows."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}], "text": "Katy Perry was born in Santa Barbara, California which is where she spent most of her childhood.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When Griffith was a small child, his father was killed in a hunting accident when fellow hunters mistook him for a deer."}], "id": "rfiql4JlvdWaMeEwiURl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "They had lived in Illinois prior to Clark Griffith's birth."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchinson had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchinson's career."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The family took a covered wagon west toward the Oklahoma Territory."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "When Griffith took over as manager of the Senators, he also bought a 10% interest in the team."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a manager and owner", "text": "When I told Clark Griffith what I had done, he screamed, \"You paid $7,500 for that bum?"}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "The team had started strong, but the team's pitching faltered as the season progressed and Griffith was criticized for trading away Jimmy Williams in exchange for a disappointing prospect."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager", "text": "Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching \u200b226 1\u20443 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds."}, {"section_header": "Hall of Fame candidacy", "text": "In 1942, 30.5% of voters submitted Griffith's name."}, {"section_header": "Hall of Fame candidacy", "text": "He wrote that Griffith \"belongs in any hall of fame where the elective body is composed of sports writers, for no other reason than that no sports writer ever came away from the old guy without a story."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "A nephew who became his adopted son, Calvin Griffith, took over the team after his death and led efforts to have the club moved to Minnesota and become the Twins."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When Griffith was a small child, his father was killed in a hunting accident when fellow hunters mistook him for a deer."}], "text": "Clark Griffith's dad passed away after a sportsmen mistakenly took him for a wild animal in the woods and shot him.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Clark Griffith"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "In 122 Hadrian initiated the construction of a wall, \"to separate Romans from barbarians\"."}], "id": "rnMdCRjFqzLZg6JyFeOO", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "He never saw the finished wall that bears his name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Britannia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They had opposed Hadrian or seemed to threaten his succession, and the senate held him responsible for it and never forgave him."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "In 122 Hadrian initiated the construction of a wall, \"to separate Romans from barbarians\"."}, {"section_header": "Emperor (117) | Securing power", "text": "The fourth was Gaius Avidius Nigrinus, an ex-consul, intellectual, friend of Pliny the Younger and (briefly) Governor of Dacia at the start of Hadrian's reign."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Second Roman\u2013Jewish War (132\u2013136)", "text": "According to Epiphanius, Hadrian appointed Aquila from Sinope in Pontus as \"overseer of the work of building the city\", since he was related to him by marriage."}, {"section_header": "Religious activities", "text": "Hadrian may have stopped at Nemausus during his return from Britannia, to oversee the completion or foundation of a basilica dedicated to his patroness Plotina."}, {"section_header": "Personal and cultural interests", "text": "In Rome, eight reliefs featuring Hadrian in different stages of hunting decorate a building that began as a monument celebrating a kill."}, {"section_header": "Appraisals", "text": "The veiled antagonism between Hadrian and the Senate never grew to overt confrontation as had happened during the reigns of overtly \"bad\" emperors, because Hadrian knew how to remain aloof and avoid an open clash."}, {"section_header": "Travels | Britannia and the West (122)", "text": "The idea that the wall was built in order to deal with an actual threat or its resurgence, however, is probable but nevertheless conjectural."}], "text": "Hadrian started building a wall that he was never able to complete.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Hadrian"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Klem spent the 1904 season in the American Association before joining the NL in 1905."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida."}], "id": "roFbYQjz2hf4x32G5srk", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "By 1940, Klem had retired and had been replaced by future Hall of Fame umpire Al Barlick."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm (February 22, 1874 \u2013 September 16, 1951), known as the \"Old Arbitrator\" and the \"father of baseball umpires\", was a National League (NL) umpire in Major League Baseball from 1905 to 1941."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He had the longest career of any major league umpire (37 years) before Bruce Froemming tied that mark in 2007, and was also the oldest umpire in history at age 67 until Froemming surpassed that mark as well."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "He had been hospitalized for over a month when he died."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "Klem spent the 1904 season in the American Association before joining the NL in 1905."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Well, they don't. They go in one ear and go straight to the nervous system, eating away coordination, self-confidence and self-respect.\" Late in his life, Klem stated in interviews that he had originated the use of hand signals for umpiring calls."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, \"Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "About a week before his death, Klem seemed to know that his death was coming, commenting to his attorney, \"This is my last game"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida."}], "text": "Bill Klem became an umpire for the AL before going to the National League and died in his 70s.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality."}], "id": "roKDh9eW08kY9VJWackg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy | Numismatics", "text": "Of interest to numismatists, in Monaco the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the Mon\u00e9gasque franc."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Numismatics", "text": "This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the Eurozone that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian", "text": "Christians comprise a total of 86% of Monaco's population."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Christian Fellowship", "text": "The Monaco Christian Fellowship, formed in 1996, meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building."}, {"section_header": "Population | Demographics", "text": "Monaco's total population was 38,400 in 2015."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the Monegasque franc."}, {"section_header": "Relations with other countries", "text": "Monaco uses the euro but is not a member of the European Union."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Architecture", "text": "This capriccio of French, Italian, and Spanish elements was incorporated into hacienda villas and apartments."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian", "text": "According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholics are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians."}, {"section_header": "Religion | Christian | Reformed Church of Monaco", "text": "The Reformed Church of Monaco acts as a host-church to some other Christian communities, in that it allows them to use its Rue Louis Notari building."}, {"section_header": "History | 20th century", "text": "On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality."}], "text": "Monaco had a Spanish actress as their queen, the population is 86% Christian, and the Euro was introduced in 2002.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Monaco"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After being orphaned at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother Johann Christoph, after which he continued his musical formation in L\u00fcneburg."}], "id": "rpcYH5or9w588egBhDJh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After being orphaned at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother Johann Christoph, after which he continued his musical formation in L\u00fcneburg."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March ["}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "J. C. Bach exposed him to the works of great composers of the day, including South German composers such as Johann Pachelbel (under whom Johann Christoph had studied) and Johann Jakob Froberger; North German composers; Frenchmen, such as Jean-Baptiste Lully, Louis Marchand, and Marin Marais; and the Italian clavierist Girolamo Frescobaldi."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer."}, {"section_header": "Life | Leipzig (1723\u20131750) | Final years and death (1740\u20131750)", "text": "Becoming blind, Bach underwent eye surgery, in March 1750 and again in April, by the British eye surgeon John Taylor, a man widely understood today as a charlatan and believed to have blinded hundreds of people."}, {"section_header": "Life", "text": "His father probably taught him to play the violin and harpsichord, and his brother Johann Christoph Bach taught him the clavichord and exposed him to much of the contemporary music."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a \"patron\" of CPE Bach."}], "text": "German composer Johann Sebastian Bach came from a family of musical people and was raised by his brother after becoming an orphan.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Johann Sebastian Bach"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Oath of neutrality", "text": "On 15 March 1900, Lord Roberts proclaimed an amnesty for all burghers, except leaders, who took an oath of neutrality and returned quietly to their homes."}], "id": "rrNvPIF4cOjrCBrFHJKM", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Oath of neutrality", "text": "It is estimated that between 12,000 and 14,000 burghers took this oath between March and June 1900."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Oath of neutrality", "text": "On 15 March 1900, Lord Roberts proclaimed an amnesty for all burghers, except leaders, who took an oath of neutrality and returned quietly to their homes."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis", "text": "a number of Boer fighters such as Deneys Reitz chose exile rather than sign an oath, such as the following, to pledge allegiance to Britain:  Over the following decade, many returned to South Africa and never signed the pledge."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement | Australia", "text": "In an interesting twist (for Australians), when the British missed capturing President Paul Kruger, as he escaped Pretoria during its fall in June 1900, a Melbourne Punch, 21 June 1900, cartoon depicted how the War could be won, using the Kelly Gang."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Roberts relieve the sieges", "text": "Buller's troops marched into Ladysmith on 28 February."}, {"section_header": "Phases", "text": "After Natal and the Cape Colony were secure, the British army was able to invade the Transvaal, and the republic's capital, Pretoria, was ultimately captured in June 1900."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All other nations were neutral, but international opinion was largely hostile to the British."}, {"section_header": "The end of the war", "text": "The last of the Boers surrendered in May 1902 and the war ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging signed on 31 May 1902."}, {"section_header": "Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 \u2013 May 1902) | Western Transvaal", "text": "Several battles of importance were fought here between September 1901 and March 1902."}, {"section_header": "Imperial involvement", "text": "The United States stayed neutral in the conflict, but some American citizens were eager to participate."}], "text": "An oath of neutrality was signed by 12,000-14,000 people from March to June in 1900.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film directed by Spike Lee and written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Lee, based on the 2014 memoir Black Klansman by Ron Stallworth."}], "id": "rrQquDmgKeIfGgUZevPf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film directed by Spike Lee and written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Lee, based on the 2014 memoir Black Klansman by Ron Stallworth."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "The American Film Institute also included it in its Top 10 Films of the Year."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "On April 12, 2018, the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered on May 14."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough.\"Filmmaker"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "to Bother You also premiered in 2018, took to Twitter on August 17 to criticize the film for its political perspective."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was produced by Spike Lee, Raymond Mansfield, Shaun Redick, Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, and Jordan Peele."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "While Riley called the craft of the film \"masterful\" and cited Lee as a major influence on his own work, he felt that the film was dishonestly marketed as a true story and criticized its attempts to \"make a cop the protagonist in the fight against racist oppression\", when Black Americans face structural racism \"from the police on a day-to-day basis\"."}], "text": "BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film written and directed by Spike Lee that went on to be selected as one of the top 10 films of the 2018 by The American Film Institute.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "BlacKkKlansman"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As the burial site of more than 3,300 persons, usually of prominence in British history (including at least sixteen monarchs, eight Prime Ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior), Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as 'Britain's Valhalla', after the iconic hall of the chosen heroes in Norse mythology."}], "id": "s0q4dQ1J2ybbpudpQfcZ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster."}, {"section_header": "Dean and Chapter", "text": "Royal weddings have included: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth"}, {"section_header": "Dean and Chapter", "text": "I dated 21 May 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster, a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign."}, {"section_header": "Burials and memorials", "text": "Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives."}, {"section_header": "Burials and memorials", "text": "Other exceptions include Edward II buried at Gloucester Cathedral, John buried at Worcester Cathedral, Henry IV buried at Canterbury Cathedral and Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London."}, {"section_header": "Burials and memorials", "text": "Until the death of George II in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "A late tradition claims that Aldrich, a young fisherman on the River Thames, had a vision of Saint Peter near the site."}, {"section_header": "History | 16th and 17th centuries: dissolution and restoration | After 1550: turbulent times", "text": "The already-old expression \"robbing Peter to pay Paul\" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral."}, {"section_header": "History | 16th and 17th centuries: dissolution and restoration | After 1550: turbulent times", "text": "In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a \"Royal Peculiar\" \u2013 a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop \u2013 and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean).It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131745: Western towers constructed", "text": "Several houses fell in, and many chimneys were damaged."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As the burial site of more than 3,300 persons, usually of prominence in British history (including at least sixteen monarchs, eight Prime Ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior), Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as 'Britain's Valhalla', after the iconic hall of the chosen heroes in Norse mythology."}], "text": "The Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster is where many of England's kings and queens are buried.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Westminster Abbey"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "The first six volumes were first translated into English by"}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}], "id": "s5B32RMV7F7Gst5HoT2R", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "They are based on the public domain translations of C. K. Scott Moncrieff (and probably Stephen Hudson), modernized and corrected, with extensive annotations."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "Terence Kilmartin revised the Scott Moncrieff translation in 1981, using the new French edition of 1954."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "Starring James Wilby, it condensed the entire series into six episodes."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "The first six volumes were first translated into English by"}, {"section_header": "Publication in English", "text": "Although cordial with Scott Moncrieff, Proust grudgingly remarked in a letter that Remembrance eliminated the correspondence between Temps perdu and Temps retrouv\u00e9 (Painter, 352)."}, {"section_header": "Publication in English | English-language translations in print", "text": "The first four volumes have been published in New York by Viking, 2003\u201304. (Volume titles: The Way by Swann's (in the U.S., Swann's Way) ISBN 0-14-243796-4; In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower ISBN 0-14-303907-5; The Guermantes Way ISBN 0-14-303922-9; Sodom and Gomorrah ISBN 0-14-303931-8; The Prisoner; and The Fugitive \u2013 Finding Time Again.) The first four volumes have been published in New York by Viking, 2003\u201304. (Volume titles: The Way by Swann's (in the U.S., Swann's Way) ISBN 0-14-243796-4; In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower ISBN 0-14-303907-5; The Guermantes Way ISBN 0-14-303922-9; Sodom and Gomorrah ISBN 0-14-303931-8; The Prisoner; and The Fugitive \u2013 Finding Time Again.) In Search of Lost Time, translated by C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7)."}], "text": "The entire seven volume series was translated in English by a Scottish gentleman, C.  K. Scott Moncrieff.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Remembrance of Things Past"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}], "id": "s6c8YDXgELv6kQMwuqVe", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as \"Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "Two labour forces, one based in Siam and the other in Burma, worked from opposite ends of the line towards the centre."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "Actor Will Smith said that the film is one of his influences."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "His workers are building a small bridge in his garden that greatly resembles the one in that film and whistling the familiar Colonel Bogey March."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The four commandos parachute in, though one is killed on landing."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Ebert notes that the film is one of the few war movies that \"focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals\", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music and soundtrack", "text": "He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the \"worst job I ever had in my life\" from the point of view of time."}], "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a movie based on a novel.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty Beauty", "text": "The partnership was worth $10 million and would see Rihanna release various beauty products."}], "id": "s801hua3K0a5Gqiiru3S", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty Beauty", "text": "In 2017, Rihanna launched her critically acclaimed cosmetics company Fenty Beauty under LVMH's Kendo Brands."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty Beauty", "text": "The partnership was worth $10 million and would see Rihanna release various beauty products."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "The line was born from Rihanna's vision creating an inclusive brand."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "She showcased the brand at the New York Fashion Week in September 2018."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "In 2018, Rihanna launched a lingerie brand named \"Savage X Fenty\"."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "Fenty is a fashion brand by Rihanna under luxury fashion group LVMH which launched in May 2019."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Business endeavors", "text": "\"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "The brand has been positively reviewed by the public for including plus size models in their promotion, though some fans argued there were not enough plus sizes."}, {"section_header": "Activism | NAACP Image Awards", "text": "At the 2020 NAACP Image Awards, hosted by BET, Rhianna accepted the President's Award from Derrick Johnson (President and CEO of the NAACP)."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures | Business endeavors", "text": "In addition to Fr8me, Rihanna opened a photo agency called \"A Dog Ate My Homework\", which represents photographers Erik Asla and Deborah Anderson."}], "text": "Rhianna and LVMH's Kendo Brands was valued at $10 million.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" is a Tin Pan Alley song by American composer Irving Berlin released in 1911 and is often inaccurately cited as his first global hit."}], "id": "s8Ar4ttb7z7ulmercfiF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although not a traditional ragtime song, Berlin's jaunty melody nonetheless \"sold a million copies of sheet music in 1911, then another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward."}, {"section_header": "History | Meteoric success", "text": "Following its initial release, Berlin's song in 1911 \"sold a million copies of sheet music\" and \"another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward.\" A subsequent phonograph recording of the song released in 1911 by comedic singers Arthur Collins and Byron G. Harlan became the best-selling recording in the United States for ten weeks."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" is a Tin Pan Alley song by American composer Irving Berlin released in 1911 and is often inaccurately cited as his first global hit."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Within fifty years of its release, the song had at least a dozen hit covers."}, {"section_header": "History | Composition and difficulties", "text": "In gratitude, Berlin credited Carus on the cover of the sheet music."}, {"section_header": "History | Composition and difficulties", "text": "In early March 1911, 23-year-old composer Irving Berlin decided \"to try his hand at [writing] an instrumental ragtime number.\" By this time, the ragtime phenomenon sparked by African-American pianist Scott Joplin had begun to wane, and two decades had passed since the musical genre's heyday in the Gay Nineties."}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "W.C. Handy told an audience that 'Irving Berlin got all his ideas and most of his music from the late Scott Joplin.'"}, {"section_header": "Alleged plagiarism", "text": "\"Allegedly, Berlin \"heard Joplin's music in one of the offices, played by a staff musician (since Berlin could not read music) or by Joplin himself.\" According to one account:   \"Joplin took some music to Irving Berlin, and Berlin kept it for some time."}, {"section_header": "History | Continued popularity", "text": "\"In 1937, Irving Berlin was approached by 20th Century Fox to write a story treatment for an upcoming film tentatively entitled Alexander's Ragtime Band."}, {"section_header": "History | Composition and difficulties", "text": "Berlin also submitted the composition to be used in a special charity performance of the first Friars Frolic by the New York Friars Club."}], "text": "The song \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" by Irving Berlin sold a million copies of sheet music in its first year after it was released.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alexander's Ragtime Band"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}], "id": "s9qzhCKDd152WBLe8nke", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb published in 1847 under her pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "The Thrushcross Grange that Emily describes is rather unusual."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions", "text": "Bront\u00eb, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Emily Bront\u00eb  uses this frame story technique to narrate most of the story."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "The song \"Emily\" by folk artist Billie Marten is written from Bront\u00eb's perspective."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": "This Gothic edifice was located near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a governess in 1838."}, {"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Emily also knew  Greek tragedies, was a good Latinist, and possessed an exceptional classical culture in a woman of the time."}, {"section_header": "Influences | Gothic novel", "text": "Ellen Moers, in Literary Women, developed a feminist theory that connects women writers, including Emily Bront\u00eb, with gothic fiction."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature", "text": "In Jane Urquhart's Changing Heaven, the novel Wuthering Heights, as well as the ghost of Emily Bront\u00eb, feature as prominent roles in the narrative."}], "text": "Emily Bronte's pseudonym is \"Ellis Bell\".", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Hoagy had two younger sisters, Georgia and Joanne."}], "id": "s9zdAxvtOCzRSLSBrH8m", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1940s", "text": "Carmichael played Hi Linnett in Canyon Passage (1946), a Universal Pictures western that starred Dana Andrews (his costar in The Best Years of Our Lives and Night Song), Susan Hayward, and Brian Donlevy."}, {"section_header": "Honors and tributes | In popular culture", "text": "However, Fleming and Carmichael also shared a resemblance."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "In 1910, the Carmichaels were living in Missoula, Montana."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "Carmichael also continued to write individual songs."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early years", "text": "It became a hit song, the first of many for Carmichael."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "Carmichael found work as a character actor in Hollywood."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "Carmichael sang and played \"Rockin' Chair\" on the piano."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Born in Bloomington, Indiana, on November 22, 1899, Hoagland Howard \"Hoagy\" Carmichael was the first child and only son of Howard Clyde and Lida Mary (Robison) Carmichael."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early years", "text": "Carmichael received more recognition after Paul Whiteman and his orchestra recorded \"Washboard Blues\" on Victor Records in Chicago in November 1927, with Carmichael singing and playing the piano."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "Royalties on his standards were earning Carmichael over $300,000 a year."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "Hoagy had two younger sisters, Georgia and Joanne."}], "text": "Carmichael was the youngest of his siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hoagy Carmichael"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}], "id": "sGB1l6DU7K5VXnOM2Ufg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood | Birth", "text": "James inherited his father's titles of Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross."}, {"section_header": "Accession in England", "text": "Elizabeth I was the last of Henry VIII's descendants, and James was seen as her most likely heir through his great-grandmother Margaret Tudor, who was Henry VIII's elder sister."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Literary patronage", "text": "By the late 1590s, his championing of native Scottish tradition was reduced to some extent by the increasing likelihood of his succession to the English throne."}, {"section_header": "Early reign in England", "text": "James achieved more success in foreign policy."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours, and arms | Titles and styles", "text": "James styled himself \"King of France\", in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1800, although he did not actually rule France."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as \"Erse\" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland", "text": "Queen Elizabeth was unmarried and childless, and James was her most likely successor."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "It was against this background that James VI authorised the \"Gentleman Adventurers of Fife\" to civilise the \"most barbarous Isle of Lewis\" in 1598."}], "text": "James VI was in the line of succession from James I, but only because  Elizabeth I did not leave an heir to inherit the throne.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}], "id": "sHhermUz2VtHInWdILcw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influence", "text": "\"In a short-story by Robert Aickman, The view, part of his 1964 Dark Entries book."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "To critics who conclude that ll. 1\u201328 were written at Dover and ll."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "\" Allott suggests the contrary, i.e., that the final lines \"were written at Dover in late June,\" while \"ll."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Dover Beach\" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Samuel Barber composed a setting of \"Dover Beach\" for string quartet and baritone."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "29\u201337 were written in London shortly afterwards\"."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching \"Dover Beach\" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above)."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role (\"Listen!"}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "Kevin Kline's character, Cal Gold, in the film The Anniversary Party recites part of \"Dover Beach\" as a toast."}], "text": "Dover Beach is a postmodern story, written from the point of view of a seagull.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Dover Beach"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her."}], "id": "sHlXVAzVDjF1bRLC3RTG", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After the Binding of Isaac, Sarah died."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as \"that red, red stuff\", giving rise to his nickname, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd\u200e ('Edom, meaning \"Red\").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "Like Abraham before him, who called Sarah his \"sister\" rather than his \"wife\" so that the Egyptians would not kill him and take his wife, Isaac told the people of Gerar that Rebecca was his sister."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca."}, {"section_header": "Marriage and motherhood", "text": "The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17)."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Right after Jacob receives the blessings and flees to Laban, the Torah states that Esau married \"Mahalat, the daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, sister of Nebaiot\" (Gen. 28:9), on which Rashi, quoting Megillah 17a, notes that Ishmael died between the engagement and wedding, so the girl's brother gave her away."}], "text": "Rebecca from the Hebrew Bible marries Abraham after Sarah died.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rebecca"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Filming locations also included Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, and Spain."}], "id": "sJ4s2pZ1rrNXYWA26RMV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "The attraction, titled Game of Thrones Studio Tour, will be located at former show filming location Linen Mill Studios outside Belfast and will open in 2020."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "Tourism organizations elsewhere reported increases in bookings after their locations appeared in Game of Thrones."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "In 2016, bookings doubled in Ouarzazate, Morocco, the location of Daenerys' season three scenes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "In September 2018, after filming had finished, HBO announced plans to convert its filming locations in Northern Ireland into tourist attractions to be opened in 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "By 2019, 350,000 visitors, or one sixth of all tourists, came to Northern Ireland annually because of Game of Thrones."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "A significant factor in the boom in tourism in Iceland and its positive impact on the country's economy has been attributed to Game of Thrones."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "Tourism Ireland has a Game of Thrones-themed marketing campaign similar to New Zealand's Tolkien-related advertising."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Effect on locations", "text": "Northern Ireland Screen, a UK government agency financed by Invest NI and the European Regional Development Fund, funded Game of Thrones."}, {"section_header": "Other media and products | Accompanying material", "text": "For the seventh season, this was to include the animated prequel series Game of Thrones: Conquest & Rebellion, illustrated in a different animation style than previous videos."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The production used three units (Dragon, Wolf and Raven) filming in parallel, six directing teams, 257 cast members and 703 crew members."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Filming locations also included Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, and Spain."}], "text": "Game of Thrones was filmed in three different locations.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Roncesvalles campaign", "text": "Seeing an opportunity to extend Christendom and his own power and believing the Saxons to be a fully conquered nation, Charlemagne agreed to go to Spain."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Saxon Wars", "text": "In the Saxon Wars, spanning thirty years and eighteen battles, he conquered Saxonia and proceeded to convert it to Christianity."}], "id": "sJSmjo35aiKsZmzSEIvd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "Charlemagne was then master of Italy as king of the Lombards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "The form in which this acclamation was offered was Frankish-Christian rather than Roman."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "Charles came to believe that the Roman emperor, who claimed to head the world hierarchy of states, was, in reality, no greater than Charles himself, a king as other kings, since beginning in 629 he had entitled himself \"Basileus\" (translated literally as \"king\")."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Imperial diplomacy", "text": "Michael I Rangabe recognised his status as Emperor, although not necessarily as \"Emperor of the Romans\"."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "Alcuin writes hopefully in his letters of an Imperium Christianum (\"Christian Empire\"), wherein, \"just as the inhabitants of the [Roman Empire] had been united by a common Roman citizenship\", presumably this new empire would be united by a common Christian faith."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia, which they then besieged."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Imperial diplomacy", "text": "The council was not recognised by Charlemagne since no Frankish emissaries had been invited, even though Charlemagne ruled more than three provinces of the classical Roman empire and was considered equal in rank to the Byzantine emperor."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "He then returned to Pavia, where the Lombards were on the verge of surrendering."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation", "text": "Two days later, at Mass, on Christmas Day (25 December), when Charlemagne knelt at the altar to pray, the Pope crowned him Imperator Romanorum (\"Emperor of the Romans\") in Saint Peter's Basilica."}, {"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Roncesvalles campaign", "text": "Seeing an opportunity to extend Christendom and his own power and believing the Saxons to be a fully conquered nation, Charlemagne agreed to go to Spain."}, {"section_header": "Eastern campaigns | Saxon Wars", "text": "In the Saxon Wars, spanning thirty years and eighteen battles, he conquered Saxonia and proceeded to convert it to Christianity."}], "text": "Emperor of the Romans and King of the Lombards Charlemagne helped spread Christianity.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kiner served as a United States Navy pilot during World War II."}], "id": "sMzMtJvaZ6YhtnTRHtaw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "\"Kiner played the rest of 1953 and all of 1954 with the Cubs, finishing his career with the Cleveland Indians in 1955."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "Kiner would later use \"Kiner's Korner\" as the title of his post-game TV show in New York."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "During his final season in 2013, he was the oldest active announcer in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "He is the third longest-tenured broadcaster in baseball history, trailing only Los Angeles Dodgers announcers"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ralph McPherran Kiner (October 27, 1922 \u2013 February 6, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball player and broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "The trio rotated announcing duties."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "During these visits (usually once a week), regular announcers Gary Cohen, Keith Hernandez, and Ron Darling made room for Kiner as he shared stories of old-time baseball, as well as the current state of the game."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He also served as an announcer for the New York Mets from the team's inception until his death."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Kiner served as a United States Navy pilot during World War II."}], "text": "Ralph Kiner was an announcer and enlisted in the US Army before playing professional baseball for the Cleveland Indians.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Ralph Kiner"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1957, Bebey moved to Ghana at the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah, and took a job as a broadcaster."}], "id": "sQILVRz2cL9WNKYKNAC3", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1957, Bebey moved to Ghana at the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah, and took a job as a broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Music career", "text": "In the early 1960s, Bebey moved to France and started work in the arts, establishing himself as a musician, sculptor, and writer."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University."}, {"section_header": "Awards", "text": "The Grand Prix de la M\u00e9moire is an award dedicated to major writers of contemporary Cameroonian literature who have died."}, {"section_header": "Discography | Compilations", "text": "With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995"}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | Works by Bebey", "text": "La Radiodiffusion en La Radiodiffusion en Afrique noire, 1963 (English translation: Broadcasting in Black Africa) Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio, 1967 (English translation: Agatha Moudio's Son) Embarras de Cie: nouvelles"}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris."}], "text": "Francis Bebey was a Cameroonian writer and composer that moved to America at the invitation of the president, and worked as a broadcaster.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francis Bebey"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Several of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined."}], "id": "sREfBbGtIfcc5Y84JUma", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "His name is famous for the term \"Pyrrhic victory\" which refers to an exchange at the Battle of Asculum."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Several of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "It is from reports of this semi-legendary event that the term Pyrrhic victory originates."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "The three kings sent embassies to Pyrrhus trying to win him over to their side or at least get him to remain neutral."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyrrhus (; Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03cd\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Pyrrhos; 319/318\u2013272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period."}, {"section_header": "Second reign", "text": "She claimed that she, a daughter of a Greek king, could no longer bear to share her home with barbarian women."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Although they were inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, supply him money and send him ships once friendly relations were established, he demanded that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea a boundary between themselves and the Greeks."}, {"section_header": "Ruler of Sicily", "text": "Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When the mutineers arrived in Epirus they caused a rebellion against their absent king and Aeacides was dethroned."}], "text": "The Greek king Pyrrhus of Epirus is the king for which the term Pyrrhic victory comes from which refers to winning but at huge losses.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}], "id": "sT89aFy1h21m7B8YaydL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "A new stage production, Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical, was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in Rochester, New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The 2016 film of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring Lily James, Sam Riley and Matt Smith."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "A cinematic adaptation of Longbourn was due to start filming in late 2018, directed by Sharon Maguire, who also directed Bridget Jones's Diary and Bridget Jones's Baby, screenplay by Jessica Swale, produced by Random House Films and StudioCanal."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Notable television versions include two by the BBC: a 1980 version starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul and the popular 1995 version, starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth."}], "text": "A 2008 film is the most recent film adaptation that represents the novel.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life, career and immigration", "text": "Pinkerton was not raised in a religious upbringing, and was a lifelong atheist."}], "id": "sTNMWXr7GIuaap8qo93A", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Writings", "text": "Most historians believe that Allan Pinkerton hired ghostwriters, but the books nonetheless bear his name and no doubt reflect his views."}, {"section_header": "After the war", "text": "Following Pinkerton's service with the Union Army, he continued his pursuit of train robbers, including the Reno Gang."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Allan Pinkerton died in Chicago on July 1, 1884."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Allan Pinkerton was so famous that for decades after his death, his surname was a slang term for a private eye."}, {"section_header": "Footnotes | Bibliography", "text": "Seiple, Samantha (2015). Lincoln's Spymaster: Allan Pinkerton, America's First Private Eye."}, {"section_header": "Early life, career and immigration", "text": "Allan Pinkerton was born in Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, to William Pinkerton and his wife, Isobel McQueen, on August 25, 1819."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 \u2013 1 July 1884) was a Scottish\u2013American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the 1951 feature film The Tall Target, a historical drama loosely based upon the Baltimore Plot, Allan Pinkerton is portrayed by Scottish actor Robert Malcolm."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "In the 1956 episode \"The Pinkertons\" of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, the actor Douglas Evans plays Allan Pinkerton, who is seeking to recover $40,000 in stolen money but interferes with the attempt of Marshal Wyatt Earp (Hugh O'Brian) to catch the entire gang of Crummy Newton (Richard Alexander)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "The Pinkertons, played by Angus Macfadyen."}, {"section_header": "Early life, career and immigration", "text": "Pinkerton was not raised in a religious upbringing, and was a lifelong atheist."}], "text": "Allan Pinkerton did not follow any type of religion or believe in a higher power.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Allan Pinkerton"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California."}], "id": "sVO0jbMzqoHiYnaFPD4L", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Domestic policy | Governmental initiatives and organization", "text": "Nixon was concerned about the prevalence of domestic drug use in addition to drug use among American soldiers in Vietnam."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary education", "text": "\" Nixon said he tried to use a conversational tone as much as possible."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Soviet Union", "text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Domestic policy | Civil rights", "text": "Nixon opposed busing personally but enforced court orders requiring its use."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "He joined former Presidents Ford and Carter as representatives of the United States at the funeral of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "Carter had not wanted to invite Nixon, but Deng had said he would visit Nixon in California if the former president was not invited."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Latin American policy", "text": "A minor confrontation ensued, which was concluded with an understanding that the Soviets would not use Cienfuegos for submarines bearing ballistic missiles."}, {"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary education", "text": "He played junior varsity football, and seldom missed a practice, though he was rarely used in games."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Return to public life", "text": "The Carter administration had little use for Nixon and blocked his planned trip to Australia, causing the government of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser to withhold its official invitation."}], "text": "Former U.S President Nixon represented California in the U.S Senate.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Current operations | Market share | Current status", "text": "Intels market share decreased significantly in the enthusiast market as of 2019."}], "id": "sVUrFEezU73eXOqlT6uk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Leadership and corporate structure", "text": "Financial results revealed that, under Otellini, Intel's revenue increased by 55.8 percent (US$34.2 to 53.3 billion), while its net income increased by 46.7% (US$7.5 billion to 11 billion).On May 2, 2013, Executive Vice President and COO Brian Krzanich was elected as Intel's sixth CEO, a selection that became effective on May 16, 2013, at the company's annual meeting."}, {"section_header": "Current operations | Market share | Current status", "text": "According to Intel CEO Bob Swan, that delay was caused by the company's overly aggressive strategy for moving to its next node."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing | Processor naming strategy", "text": "By 2009, Intel was using a good-better-best strategy with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel Core family representing the best the company has to offer."}, {"section_header": "Current operations | Market share | Current status", "text": "Intels market share decreased significantly in the enthusiast market as of 2019."}, {"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing | Processor naming strategy", "text": "Since 2010, \"Centrino\" is only being applied to Intel's WiMAX and Wi-Fi technologies."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Fog computing", "text": "Intel's Chief Strategist for the IoT Strategy and Technology Office, Jeff Faders, became the consortium's first president."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010\u2013present)", "text": "An official statement from Intel read: \"The acquisition of Omek Interactive will help increase Intel's capabilities in the delivery of more immersive perceptual computing experiences."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Early history", "text": "Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's 386 chip played into the company's continuing success."}, {"section_header": "Corporate history | Early history", "text": "However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by 1983, dramatically reduced the profitability of this market."}, {"section_header": "Product and market history | Competition, antitrust and espionage", "text": "Intel's strategy of producing ever-more-powerful processors and obsoleting their predecessors stumbled, leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably AMD."}], "text": "In 2019, Intel's percentage of the market did increase a lot thanks to the company's strategy.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Intel"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Holly abandons the catering business after the romance with David fails and decides to try her hand at writing."}], "id": "seYus4K4LqhDbtyufNs8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Lee has lived for five years with a reclusive artist, Frederick, who is much older."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is often considered one of Allen's major works, with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The career change forces her once again to borrow money from Hannah, a dependency that Holly resents."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "It is suggested that much of the script involved personal details of Hannah and Elliot's marriage that had been conveyed to Holly through Lee (having been transmitted first from Elliot)."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Holly abandons the catering business after the romance with David fails and decides to try her hand at writing."}], "text": "Holly, of Hannah and Her Sisters,  has a breakup, quits work, and becomes a word-based artist.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Amateur baseball career", "text": "Schmidt was drafted by the Phillies in the second round (30th overall) of the 1971 Major League Baseball draft."}], "id": "sfF79aNETxDRQvqtMQGB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980\u20131986", "text": "Schmidt led his team with a .467 batting average and scored five runs as they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1983 National League Championship Series."}, {"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972\u20131979", "text": "The Phillies captured the NL East crown three years in a row; however, they were swept by Cincinnati's \"Big Red Machine\" in 1976, and lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1977 and 1978."}, {"section_header": "Amateur baseball career", "text": "Schmidt was drafted by the Phillies in the second round (30th overall) of the 1971 Major League Baseball draft."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Mike was a lifeguard at the club."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy", "text": "In 2001, Schmidt began sponsoring an annual fishing tournament known as the Mike Schmidt Winner's Circle Invitational at Old Bahama Bay in West End, Grand Bahama Island."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, \"To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash.\" Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades", "text": "That same season, Mike was inducted as a member of the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame (he had previously been inducted as the third baseman for the Phillies' Centennial Team in 1983)."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting", "text": "In 2015, Schmidt added Saturday home games to his schedule, creating a \"Weekends with Schmidt\" format."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting", "text": "Schmidt subsequently, did on-field reporting throughout the series."}], "text": "Mike Schmidt was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mike Schmidt"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Many critics and publications have named the show as one of the best television series of all time."}], "id": "sh3dS48xywuQevpRUl6I", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Many critics and publications have named the show as one of the best television series of all time."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Some critics and publications have put the show among the best HBO series of all time."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects | Title sequence", "text": "Entertainment Weekly named the title sequence one of the best on television, calling it a \"all-inclusive cruise of Westeros\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Time criticized the repetitive story lines early in the season however praised the \"Battle of the Bastards\" episode as \"one of the show\u2019s very best episodes."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "TV Guide named the season's penultimate episode \"The Rains of Castamere\" as number three on their 65 Best Episodes of the 21st Century."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Awards", "text": "The same year Rolling Stone named it the twelfth \"greatest TV Show of all time\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Awards", "text": "In 2013 the Writers Guild of America listed Game of Thrones as the 40th best written series in television history."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "Entertainment Weekly praised its \"vivid, vital, and just plain fun\" storytelling and, according to The Hollywood Reporter, the series made a \"strong case for being one of TV's best series\"; its seriousness made it the only drama comparable to Mad Men or Breaking Bad."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response", "text": "The New York Times gave the series a mixed review after the season 3 finale, criticizing its number of characters, their lack of complexity and a meandering plot."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Cultural influence", "text": "Alan Sepinwall, writing for the Rolling Stone, placed the series on his \"50 Best TV Shows of the 2010s\" list, saying the show's \"ability to most of the time keep all of its disparate threads feeling vital and tied to one another, remains a staggering achievement.\" Although Game of Thrones was dismissed by some critics, its success has been credited with an increase in the popularity of the fantasy genre."}], "text": "It has been named by critics and publications as one of the best television series of all time.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana."}], "id": "sj64J3L1RGXSYdHfxQXJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "In 1932, he joined the Dallas Sheriff's Department and eventually served as a member of the posse that killed Bonnie and Clyde."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\", the latter more commonly known as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "This was his first killing. Another inmate, who was already serving a life sentence, claimed responsibility."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "Georgie Fame's 1967 single \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\", Mel Torme's 1968 song \"A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde\", Merle Haggard's 1968 \"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\", and Die Toten Hosen's \"Bonnie & Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders", "text": "On October 11, they allegedly killed Howard Hall at his store during a robbery in Sherman, Texas, though some historians consider this unlikely."}, {"section_header": "Clyde Barrow", "text": "Barrow was repeatedly sexually assaulted while in prison, and he retaliated by attacking and killing his tormentor with a lead pipe, crushing his skull."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "In the television film Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story (1992), Tracey Needham played Bonnie and Dana Ashbrook played Clyde."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde) , Sam Strike portrays Clyde Barrow and Jacqueline Byers portrays Bonnie Parker."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana."}], "text": "Bonnie and Clyde were killed in Texas.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Bonnie and Clyde"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress."}], "id": "soUOSovGHwDMifvqIRMd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "In December 1941, Puyi followed Japan in declaring war on the United States and Great Britain, but as neither nation had recognized Manchukuo there were no reciprocal declarations of war in return."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi's father, Prince Chun, served as a regent until 6 December 1911, when Empress Dowager Longyu took over following the Xinhai Revolution."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "Many sentences which had been deleted from the 1964 version prior to its publication were now included."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress."}, {"section_header": "Death and burial", "text": "Jin Yuan, the man who had \"remodelled\" Puyi in the 1950s, fell victim to the Red Guard and became a prisoner in Fushun for several years, while Li Wenda, who had ghostwritten From Emperor to Citizen, spent seven years in solitary confinement."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "You don't have to carry this national hatred into your own family."}, {"section_header": "Portrayal in media | Television", "text": "no \u014chi \u2013 Saigo no K\u014dtei (\u6d41\u8ee2\u306e\u738b\u5983\u00b7\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u7687\u5f1f; Chinese title \u6d41\u8f49\u7684\u738b\u5983), a 2003 Japanese television series about Pujie and Hiro Saga."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography | By others", "text": "Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department", "text": "They also served as the emperor's advisers."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "At the time, Japanese propaganda depicted the birth of Manchukuo as a triumph of Pan-Asianism, with the \"five races\" of Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Manchus and Mongols coming together, which marked nothing less than the birth of a new civilization and a turning point in world history."}], "text": "Puyi served a prison sentence for 8 years following the birth of his nation.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire."}], "id": "t01NSdQq1VhW5t67nHmf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Peloponnesian War was soon followed by the Corinthian War (394-386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of its former greatness."}, {"section_header": "The Second War (413\u2013404 BC) | Achaemenid support for Sparta (414\u2013404 BC)", "text": "Tissaphernes also helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although the term \"Peloponnesian War\" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians."}, {"section_header": "Prelude", "text": "The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity."}, {"section_header": "The \"Archidamian War\" (431\u2013421 BC)", "text": "One of these posts was near Pylos on a tiny island called Sphacteria, where the course of the first war turned in Athens's favour."}, {"section_header": "The \"Archidamian War\" (431\u2013421 BC)", "text": "Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died."}, {"section_header": "Prelude | Breakdown of the peace", "text": "The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens."}, {"section_header": "The Second War (413\u2013404 BC) | Athens recovers", "text": "The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships."}], "text": "Peloponnesian War was just one of the wars that helped the Athens regain their greatness and the Spartans empire fell.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Peloponnesian War"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "34% answered that \"they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force\"."}], "id": "t3Z2EEQDivwbBnxorbJT", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Swedish Empire", "text": "Famine also hit Sweden, killing roughly 10% of Sweden's population."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Language", "text": "Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population, and Finnish is recognised as a minority language."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "In winter, however, the same high-pressure systems sometimes put the entire country far below freezing temperatures."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "Sociology professor Phil Zuckerman claims that Swedes, despite a lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians while being content with remaining in the Church of Sweden."}, {"section_header": "History | Modern history", "text": "Nevertheless, Sweden remained poor, retaining a nearly entirely agricultural economy even as Denmark and Western European countries began to industrialise."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "Even though temperature patterns differ between north and south, the summer climate is surprisingly similar all through the entire country in spite of the large latitudinal differences."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "is just west of 11\u00b0). At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe."}, {"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "The population of Sweden and most of Europe was seriously decimated."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "About 85% of the population live in urban areas."}, {"section_header": "History | The Kingdom of Sweden", "text": "One third of the population died in the triennium of 1349\u20131351."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Religion", "text": "34% answered that \"they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force\"."}], "text": "Sweden's population is almost entirely atheist.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mrs. Bennet attempts to persuade Mr. Bennet to visit Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor recently arrived in the neighbourhood."}], "id": "tG2jHU9erKljV6uXSrKN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "In the years between the completion of First Impressions and its revision into Pride and Prejudice, two other works had been published under that name: a novel by Margaret Holford and a comedy by Horace Smith."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Her modern adaptation, The Man Who Loved Pride and Prejudice, is set on Cape Cod."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include the following:  Mr Darcy's Daughters and The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy by Elizabeth Aston"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pamela Aidan is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of Pride and Prejudice from Mr Darcy's point of view: Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novel is set in rural England in the early 19th century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has consistently appeared near the top of lists of \"most-loved books\" among literary scholars and the reading public."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Mrs Bennet is  a hypochondriac who imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations (her \"poor nerves\") whenever things are not going her way."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly, he is exceedingly gracious and later invites Elizabeth and the Gardiners to meet his sister, and Mr. Gardiner to go fishing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mrs. Bennet attempts to persuade Mr. Bennet to visit Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor recently arrived in the neighbourhood."}], "text": "Pride and Prejudice is the book of a rural girl that meets a poor man named Mr. Smith.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Aretha's mother died of a heart attack on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's tenth birthday."}], "id": "tGz8Rzov7W4mV89gjeQD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Her half-sister, Carol Kelley (n\u00e9e Jennings; born 1940), is C. L. Franklin's daughter by Mildred Jennings, a then 12-year-old congregant of New Salem Baptist Church in Memphis where C. L. was pastor."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and honors", "text": "The next year, Billboard named her the greatest female R&B artist of all time."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Later years (2008\u20132018)", "text": "12 years later, an unheard performance of  \"Never Gonna Break My Faith\" was released in June 2020 to commemorate Juneteeth with a new video visualizing the American human rights movement."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Sister Carolyn died in April 1988 from breast cancer, while eldest sister Erma died from throat cancer in September 2002."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Franklin's half-brother Vaughn died in late 2002."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Arista (1980\u20132007)", "text": "The following year, she issued the holiday album This Christmas, Aretha, on DMI Records."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death and funeral", "text": "Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76, without a will."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1987, she became the first female performer to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Columbia (1961\u20131966)", "text": "By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a \"new-star female vocalist\" in DownBeat magazine."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Aretha's mother died of a heart attack on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's tenth birthday."}], "text": "Aretha Frankilin's female parent died when she was 12 years old.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Aretha Franklin"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "He died in Bridgeton, New Jersey, aged 70, and is buried in the Baptist Cemetery, Salem, New Jersey."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}], "id": "tIAjAlZ0A50W4W99fAD8", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Goslin's years with the Browns and return to the Senators", "text": "Goslin had another solid year for the Browns in 1931, batting .328 with a career-high 42 doubles, 76 extra base hits and 105 RBI."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "The 20-year-old Goslin was called up to the major leagues to play for the Washington Senators for the last two weeks of the 1921 season."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin played 93 games in 1922 and became a fixture for the Senators in left field until 1930."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}, {"section_header": "1928 batting title", "text": "The 1928 batting title was not decided until the last day of the season."}, {"section_header": "Final years in baseball", "text": "The Tigers ended up releasing Goslin after his .238 season, and Goslin later recounted (in \"The Glory of Their Times\") that he received a call from his old boss, Clark Griffith, asking him if he'd be interested in ending his career back where it began in Washington."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Washington Senators, St. Louis Browns, and Detroit Tigers, from 1921 until 1938."}, {"section_header": "1924 and 1925 World Series", "text": "With a 36-year-old Walter Johnson contributing 23 wins and the young Goslin knocking in 129 runs (50 more RBI than any other player on the team), the Senators finished two games ahead of the Yankees and defeated the New York Giants in the 1924 World Series."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "He died in Bridgeton, New Jersey, aged 70, and is buried in the Baptist Cemetery, Salem, New Jersey."}], "text": "Goose Goslin was cremated and only lived until we was 42 years old.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "The median age was 39.3 years."}], "id": "tLO2nfw00xVh3CKIzMSL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "The city's population grew by 4 per cent (96,073 residents) between 1996 and 2001, 1 per cent (21,787 residents) between 2001 and 2006, 4.3 per cent (111,779 residents) between 2006 and 2011, and 4.5 per cent (116,511) between 2011 and 2016."}, {"section_header": "Government", "text": "There are about 40 subcommittees and advisory committees appointed by the city council."}, {"section_header": "Crime", "text": "Gang-related incidents have also been on the rise; between the years of 1997 and 2005, over 300 gang-related homicides have occurred."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Neighbourhoods | Old Toronto", "text": "Old Toronto is also home to many historically wealthy residential enclaves, such as Yorkville, Rosedale, The Annex, Forest Hill, Lawrence Park, Lytton Park, Deer Park, Moore Park, and Casa Loma, most stretching away from downtown to the north."}, {"section_header": "Geography | Climate", "text": "Daytime temperatures are usually above 20 \u00b0C (68 \u00b0F), and often rise above 30 \u00b0C (86 \u00b0F)."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Architecture", "text": "Bay-and-gable houses, mainly found in Old Toronto, are a distinct architectural feature of the city."}, {"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health and medicine", "text": "Toronto is also host to a wide variety of health-focused non-profit organizations that work to address specific illnesses for Toronto, Ontario and Canadian residents."}, {"section_header": "Cityscape | Architecture", "text": "Toronto is a city of high-rises, having 1,800 buildings over 30 metres (98 ft).Through the 1960s and 1970s, significant pieces of Toronto's architectural heritage were demolished to make way for redevelopment or parking."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Sports | Events", "text": "In odd-numbered years, the men's tournament is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even-numbered years."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "The city added 77,435 people between July 2017 and July 2018."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Population", "text": "The median age was 39.3 years."}], "text": "Most of the Toronto residents are between 30 and 40 years old.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Toronto"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It began in 1823; however, the term \"Monroe Doctrine\" itself was not coined until 1850."}], "id": "tMWk5kL7zmT4LLcN2Fvz", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine", "text": "According to S.E. Morison, \"as early as 1783, then, the United States adopted the policy of isolation and announced its intention to keep out of Europe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It began in 1823; however, the term \"Monroe Doctrine\" itself was not coined until 1850."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the end of the 19th century, Monroe's declaration was seen as a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets."}, {"section_header": "Effects | The Clark Memorandum", "text": "One main point in the Clark Memorandum was to note that the Monroe Doctrine was based on conflicts of interest only between the United States and European nations, rather than between the United States and Latin American nations."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Latin American reinterpretation", "text": "The era of the Good Neighbor Policy ended with the ramp-up of the Cold War in 1945, as the United States felt there was a greater need to protect the western hemisphere from Soviet influence."}, {"section_header": "Effects | Latin American reaction", "text": "They knew that the President of the United States wielded very little power at the time, particularly without the backing of the British forces, and figured that the Monroe Doctrine was unenforceable if the United States stood alone against the Holy Alliance."}, {"section_header": "Effects | The \"Roosevelt Corollary\"", "text": "As the U.S. began to emerge as a world power, the Monroe Doctrine came to define a recognized sphere of control that few dared to challenge."}, {"section_header": "Effects | The \"Roosevelt Corollary\"", "text": "President Theodore Roosevelt rejected this policy as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, declaring, \"We do not guarantee any state against punishment if it misconducts itself\"."}, {"section_header": "Effects | 21st-century approaches | America First", "text": ", \"The current Administration of the United States of America has declared the Monroe Doctrine to be in effect... \" On March 3, 2019, National Security Advisor John Bolton invoked the Monroe Doctrine in describing the Trump administration's policy in the Americas, saying \"In this administration, we're not afraid to use the word Monroe Doctrine... It's been the objective of American presidents going back to [President]"}], "text": "The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that began in 1809.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monroe Doctrine"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}], "id": "tQhQf1LOigVIHfgrJeew", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "His son and namesake Lee MacPhail enjoyed a long career in baseball, most notably as president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail's career as a major-league owner ended after the Yankees clinched the 1947 World Series, when he got into confrontations at the team's post-game celebrations at Yankee Stadium and then in Manhattan."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was pivotal in the development of pioneering sportscaster Red Barber, who announced Reds and Dodgers games for MacPhail."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was planning to board the same train at that stop."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "MacPhail was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "MacPhail was born in Cass City, Michigan, on February 3, 1890."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "By the end of World War II, MacPhail held the rank of colonel."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail"}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail was well known for his unpredictable behavior which was fueled by bouts of heavy drinking."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}], "text": "MacPhail was a banker during his career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO."}], "id": "tRg8nf7QnpepfAOJmdTM", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "A detailed outline was created, with each of the writers working on part of it to create a script for each episode."}, {"section_header": "Production | Visual effects | Title sequence", "text": "The series' title sequence was created for HBO by production studio Elastic."}, {"section_header": "Production | Conception and development", "text": "Benioff added, \"a fantasy movie of this scope, financed by a major studio, would almost certainly need a PG-13 rating."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, was also used in the original pilot episode for scenes at Winterfell."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Critical response | Lighting issues", "text": "Some reviewers have noted this is part of a wider trend among shows that are made by people who have experience working primarily on films, suggesting they \"haven't grasped the nuances (or lack thereof)\" of television as a medium, especially the differences between watching a scene on a television screen versus watching it on the big screen in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO."}, {"section_header": "Availability | Broadcast", "text": "Before the season eight premiere, HBO screened \"The Spoils of War\" episode from season seven in movie theaters in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "In addition to the originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing | Adaptation schedule and episodes", "text": "After Game of Thrones story line began outpacing the published novels in the sixth season, the series was based on a plot outline of the future novels provided by Martin along with original content."}, {"section_header": "Reception and achievements | Viewership", "text": "probably the only show involving zombies that is\"."}], "text": "The show was originally created as a movie for Showtime.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Game of Thrones"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894, 1895, and 1896."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "In 1899, when manager Ned Hanlon moved to the Brooklyn Superbas, several of his star players, including Jennings, Joe Kelley, and Willie Keeler followed."}], "id": "tUhRwvymprPxYOlrGg4B", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "He continued to work at his law practice during the off-seasons through the remainder of his baseball career."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "He had as many as 537 assists and 425 putouts in single seasons during his prime."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "He was signed by the Louisville Colonels of the American Association in 1891."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "He drew attention playing shortstop for a semi-professional baseball team in Lehighton, Pennsylvania in 1890."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "He managed the Cornell University baseball team while studying law and concluded that he was well-suited to being a manager."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "Jennings played 6 games for the Superbas in 1903, effectively ending his playing career, with the exception of 9 at bats during his tenure as the manager of the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings also holds the career record for being hit by pitches with 287, with Craig Biggio (who retired in 2007) holding the modern-day career record of 285."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "In 1898, he threw his arm out, and his career as a shortstop came to an end."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "The Baltimore Orioles teams of 1894, 1895, and 1896 are regarded as one of the greatest teams of all time."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "In 1895, he had a career-high range factor of 6.73\u20131.19 points higher than the league average (5.54) for shortstops that year."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894, 1895, and 1896."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "In 1899, when manager Ned Hanlon moved to the Brooklyn Superbas, several of his star players, including Jennings, Joe Kelley, and Willie Keeler followed."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings was associated with many teams during his baseball career.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}], "id": "tVDv6lpIOgnhyqxs2MOE", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years | Final illness and death", "text": "Mozart died in his home on 5 December 1791(1791-12-05) (aged 35) at 12:55 am."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "Years later, after her brother's death, she reminisced: He often spent much time at the clavier, picking out thirds, which he was ever striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good. ... In the fourth year of his age his father, for a game as it were, began to teach him a few minuets and pieces at the clavier. ... He could play it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, and keeping exactly in time. ... At the age of five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his father who wrote them down."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Vienna | 1781: Departure", "text": "Mozart decided to settle in Vienna as a freelance performer and composer."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "More important is the influence Mozart had on composers of later generations."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "Composers have paid homage to Mozart by writing sets of variations on his themes."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "Mozart met Joseph Haydn in Vienna around 1784, and the two composers became friends."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387 | 1786\u201387: Return to opera", "text": "It was a part-time appointment, paying just 800 florins per year, and required Mozart only to compose dances for the annual balls in the Redoutensaal (see Mozart and dance)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "Leopold Mozart, a native of Augsburg, then an Imperial Free City in the Holy Roman Empire, was a minor composer and an experienced teacher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period."}], "text": "Mozart was a composer of the Bronze Age.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}], "id": "tXvcLAu3nc1iWAwMxIcY", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Apartment was distributed by United Artists to favorable reviews and commercial success, despite controversy owing to its subject matter."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Esquire critic Dwight Macdonald gave the film a poor review, calling it \"a paradigm of corny avantgardism\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as \"a dirty fairy tale\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Critics were split on The Apartment."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "They go to Bud's apartment as Bud waits forlornly outside the theater."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Resenting Bud for denying them access to his apartment, the executives direct Karl there."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "During the affair, Lang used a low-level employee's apartment."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At Bud's apartment, Fran confronts Sheldrake, upset with herself for believing his lies."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Realizing she is in love with Bud, Fran abandons Sheldrake and runs to Bud\u2019s apartment."}], "text": "The Apartment got mixed reviews.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Apartment"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "This personal family conflict experienced by Lawrence provided him with the impetus for the first half of his novel \u2013 in which both William, the older brother, and Paul Morel become increasingly contemptuous of their father \u2013 and the subsequent exploration of Paul Morel's antagonising relationships with both his lovers, which are both incessantly affected by his allegiance to his mother."}], "id": "taV7Lj7QDgUFB37I4QA6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | Part II", "text": "The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother disapproves."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary | In Lawrence's own words", "text": "But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers \u2013 first the eldest, then the second."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art."}, {"section_header": "Standard editions", "text": "ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sons and Lovers is a 1913 novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence, originally published by Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd., London, and Mitchell Kennerley Publishers, New York."}, {"section_header": "Development and publication history", "text": "This personal family conflict experienced by Lawrence provided him with the impetus for the first half of his novel \u2013 in which both William, the older brother, and Paul Morel become increasingly contemptuous of their father \u2013 and the subsequent exploration of Paul Morel's antagonising relationships with both his lovers, which are both incessantly affected by his allegiance to his mother."}, {"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism", "text": "Jenny Turner described Sons and Lovers as a semi-autobiographical work in The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion (1993)."}], "text": "Paul in the novel Sons and Lovers has two lovers.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Sons and Lovers"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}], "id": "tdDi6w3m7ob4El0Nzkxy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Bristol, Rhode Island, has a small street named for Burnside."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "In 1874 Burnside was elected by the Rhode Island Senate as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, was re-elected in 1880, and served until his death in 1881."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | First Bull Run", "text": "At the outbreak of the Civil War, Burnside was a colonel in the Rhode Island Militia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He served as the Governor of Rhode Island from 1866 to 1869, and as a United States Senator for Rhode Island from 1875 until his death."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Burnside Residence Hall at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston was opened in 1966."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "In 1852, he was assigned to Fort Adams, Newport, Rhode Island, and he married Mary Richmond Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, on April 27 of that year."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "Burnside ran as a Democrat for one of the Congressional seats in Rhode Island in 1858 and was defeated in a landslide."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "The Burnside Memorial Hall in Bristol, Rhode Island, is a two-story Richardson Romanesque public building on Hope Street."}, {"section_header": "Postbellum career", "text": "Burnside continued his association with the Republican Party, playing a prominent role in military affairs as well as serving as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee in 1881.Burnside died suddenly of \"neuralgia of the heart\" (Angina pectoris) at Bristol, Rhode Island, and is buried in Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | First Bull Run", "text": "He raised the 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and was appointed its colonel on May 2, 1861."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}], "text": "Burnside was from Rhode Island.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 \u2013 July 30, 1941), nicknamed \"Smiling Mickey\", was a Major League Baseball pitcher."}], "id": "tdzRoe9PeR3qjzuf2Gtj", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 \u2013 July 30, 1941), nicknamed \"Smiling Mickey\", was a Major League Baseball pitcher."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Welch was born in Brooklyn, New York, and played 13 seasons in the major leagues, three with the Troy Trojans, and 10 with the New York Gothams/Giants."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When he was growing up in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, baseball was the popular sport among Irish children."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Strikeout record", "text": "Only three pitchers in the National League and two in the American League have come close to matching Mickey Welch's record nine strikeouts: In the NL: German Marquez (Colorado Rockies) on September 26, 2018, Jacob deGrom (New York Mets) in 2014, and Jim Deshaies (Houston Astros) in 1986 struck out the first eight batters faced; and in the AL: Carlos Rodon (Chicago White Sox) in 2016 and Joe Cowley (Chicago White Sox) in 1986 struck out the first seven batters faced."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He later adopted the last name Welch."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "Welch spent summers in New York."}, {"section_header": "After baseball", "text": "Welch and Keefe remained friends long after they retired from baseball."}], "text": "The pet-name given to Mickey Welch was Brooklyn Walsh.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Mickey Welch"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}], "id": "ten4MMI8dMHwbmoVHLVA", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On November 9, 2017, ByteDance acquired social media start-up Musical.ly for up to US$1 billion."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "Toutiao used interest-based and decentralized distribution to help long-tail content creators find an audience."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products | List of Overseas Products", "text": "Peoople: Social recommendation by friends and KOLs."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "They combined it with TikTok on August 2, 2018 into a single global application, keeping the TikTok name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is the developer of the video-sharing social networking service Douyin (TikTok)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "On March 4, 2020, the company officially launched the app, which it described as a \"social music streaming app\"."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In December 2016, ByteDance invested in the Indonesian news recommendation platform BABE.In"}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "ByteDance launched PGC short video platform TopBuzz Video in Japan in September 2016."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In October 2016, ByteDance invested in India's largest vernacular content aggregation platform Dailyhunt."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}], "text": "Based in Beijing, ByteDance company's main product is a social media platform application.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island, mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D."}], "id": "tjIi3vJvzU2ANdcdfvvk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses", "text": "The added pukao suggest a further status to the moai."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Creating the moai was one way the islanders would honor their ancestors; during the height of the birdman cult there is evidence which suggests that the construction of moai stopped."}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "They are made of wood and have a small, slender aspect, giving them a sad appearance."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "It is now housed in the British Museum, London, but demands have been made for its return to Rapa Nui."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "The discovery was made by collecting and reassembling broken fragments of white coral that were found at the various sites."}, {"section_header": "History | Moai Kavakava", "text": "These figures are believed to have been made after the civilization on Rapa Nui began to collapse, which is why they seem to have a more emaciated appearance to them."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "The most recent study demonstrates from the evidence in the archaeological record that the statues were harnessed with ropes from two sides and made to \"walk\" by tilting them from side to side while pulling forward."}, {"section_header": "History | 1722\u20131868 toppling of the moai", "text": "They were then subjected to forceful removal from their native lands and made to reside on a much smaller portion of the island, while the rest was used for farming. \" Eventually all pure Rapa Nui blood died out."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island, mostly between circa 1250 A.D. and 1500 A.D."}], "text": "These were made during 1150 A.D. to 1169 A.D.", "total_likes": 6, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union"}], "id": "tspAR664WLlEy5jpyXRi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Gorbachev was only the third Soviet leader, after Malenkov and Khrushchev, not to die in office."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Only the leaders of the Kazakhstan and Kirghizia supported Gorbachev's approach."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "By the final weeks of 1991, Yeltsin began to take over the remnants of the Soviet government including the Kremlin itself."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "To keep unity within the country, Gorbachev continued to pursue plans for a new union treaty but found increasing opposition to the idea of a continued federal state as the leaders of various Soviet republics bowed to growing nationalist pressure."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "On 20 December, the leaders of 11 of the 12 remaining republics\u2013all except Georgia\u2013met in Alma-Ata and signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, agreeing to dismantle the Soviet Union and formally establish the CIS."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b"}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Gorbachev only learned of this development when Shushkevich phoned him; Gorbachev was furious."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Gorbachev revealed that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was a reality."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Yakovlev, Chernyaev, and Shevardnadze joined Gorbachev to help him write a resignation speech."}, {"section_header": "Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse", "text": "Gorbachev then gave his speech in the Kremlin in front of television cameras, allowing for international broadcast."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union"}], "text": "Mikhail Gorbachev was the final leader of the USSR.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Mikhail Gorbachev"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "A 1962 film version of the play was produced in Ireland, with the screenplay by writer-director Brian Desmond Hurst."}], "id": "ttnfXY9wZIKAumum0aYF", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "I've lost the only Playboy of the Western World.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "In June 2018, a new feature-length film production entitled Christy Mahon - Playboy of the Western World was registered by Swiss producers on IMDB."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Pegeen laments betraying and losing Christy: \"I've lost the only playboy of the western world.\" Riots occurred in January 1907 during and following the opening performance of the play."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "A film adaptation was also made in 2016.Set in the USA and titled, ' My Father Die', it was written and directed by Sean Brosnan."}, {"section_header": "Quotations", "text": "\"Drink a health to the wonders of the western world, the pirates, preachers, poteen-makers, with the jobbing jockies; parching peelers, and the juries fill their stomachs selling judgments of the English law.\" \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "A 1994 TV movie adaptation was entitled Paris or Somewhere."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "As Christy and his father leave to wander the world, having reconciled, Shawn suggests he and Pegeen get married soon, but she spurns him."}, {"section_header": "Riots", "text": "Years later, William Butler Yeats declared to rioters against Se\u00e1n O'Casey's pacifist drama The Plough and the Stars, in reference to the \"Playboy Riots\": \"You have disgraced yourself again."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatrical", "text": "The play was adapted in 1984 by Trinidadian playwright Mustapha Matura, lifted out of turn of the century Ireland and set down in 1950s Trinidad, and retitled Playboy of the West Indies."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television movie", "text": "A 1962 film version of the play was produced in Ireland, with the screenplay by writer-director Brian Desmond Hurst."}], "text": "The Playboy of the Western World was made into a movie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Playboy of the Western World"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}], "id": "tvNlCO6nV72UKkgGfpbf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "Luther maintained that salvation was by faith alone (sola fide) without reference to good works, alms, penance, or the Church's sacraments."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "Then he answered, \"They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort.\" Then he answered, \"They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort.\" Luther went on to place the writings into three categories: (1) Works which were well received even by his enemies: those he would not reject. (2) Books which attacked the abuses, lies and desolation of the Christian world and the papacy: those, Luther believed, could not safely be rejected without encouraging abuses to continue."}, {"section_header": "Other decisions", "text": "The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "According to Luther, Eck informed Luther that he was acting like a heretic:  \"'Martin,' said he, 'there is no one of the heresies which have torn the bosom of the church, which has not derived its origin from the various interpretation of the Scripture."}, {"section_header": "Martin Luther", "text": "Dr Schurff said, \"Please have the titles read."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "In June of the previous year, 1520, Pope Leo X issued the Papal bull Exsurge Domine (\"Arise, O Lord\"), outlining forty-one purported errors found in Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and other writings related to or written by him."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term \"Diet of Worms\" usually refers to the assembly of 1521."}, {"section_header": "Edict of Worms", "text": "Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Later that year, additional arrests were made among the Augustinians in Antwerp."}], "text": "The Diet of Worms discussing Martin Luther's Protestant reforms is but one of many religious meetings to occur at the location and share that general title, but there is only one that is normally referred to without additional descriptors.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diet of Worms"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders."}], "id": "tvUWFinwELWn8w4ebQD0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "Because of Gregory's involvement, the reformed Julian calendar came to be known as the Gregorian calendar."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Election as Pope", "text": "Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566\u20131572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590\u2013604), surnamed the Great."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "By that time, the calendar trailed the seasons by 11 days."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "After the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacres of Huguenots in France in 1572, Pope Gregory celebrated a Te Deum mass."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Gregory XIII was visited by the Tensh\u014d embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar", "text": "That was verified by the observations of Clavius, and the new calendar was instituted when Gregory decreed, by  the papal bull Inter gravissimas of 24 February 1582, that the day after Thursday, 4 October 1582 would be not Friday, 5 October, but Friday, 15 October 1582."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits."}, {"section_header": "Pontificate | Foreign policy", "text": "Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582."}, {"section_header": "Early biography | Youth", "text": "He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders."}], "text": "Pope Gregory XIII is known for the modern day calendar and was an illegitimate child.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Gregory XIII"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "It also received critical acclaim and was ultimately nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, Best Production Design, and Best Film Editing, winning Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}], "id": "tzj4vzf2PhId9TSyj5rw", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film was a box office success, grossing $36.7 million at the box office in Australia and over $254 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "It also received critical acclaim and was ultimately nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor, Best Production Design, and Best Film Editing, winning Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Musical or Comedy and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013"}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "At the APRA Music Awards of 1996 it won Best Film Score for Westlake's work."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, written by both, narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne, and starring James Cromwell and Magda Szubanski with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Miriam Margolyes, Hugo Weaving, and Danny Mann."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The next day, Hoggett sees Babe sort"}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "48 different pigs were used for the part of Babe."}], "text": "Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama that grossed over $254 million worldwide and was ultimately nominated for seven Academy Awards.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}], "id": "tzsHuQOdgORJcqLile3u", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "lit.\u2009' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After the conclusion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered in the Renaissance style."}, {"section_header": "Influence | In board games", "text": "Dirk Henn's game Der Palast von Alhambra, literally \"The Palace of the Alhambra\"."}, {"section_header": "Main structures | Other features", "text": "The original furniture of the palace is represented by one of the famous Alhambra vases, very large Hispano-Moresque ware vases made in the Sultanate to stand in niches around the palace."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The creation of the Sultan's Canal solidified the identity of the Alhambra as a palace-city rather than a defensive and ascetic structure."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "After retreating to Granada, Ibn-Nasr took up residence at the Palace of Badis ben Habus in the Alhambra."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The remains are now likely to be located in Mond\u00fajar in the principality of Lecr\u00edn."}, {"section_header": "Main structures", "text": "The Alhambra resembles many medieval Christian strongholds in its threefold arrangement as a castle, a palace and a residential annex for subordinates."}], "text": "The Alhambra is a palace located in Portugal and was converted to a royal palace in 1333.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Alhambra"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde (, Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u02c8f\u027ea\u014bko]; 4 December 1892 \u2013 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo."}], "id": "u0Av54MvBO387uhSS6St", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Exhumation", "text": "Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "Franco became the Legion's second-in-command and returned to Africa."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te\u00f3dulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Te\u00f3dulo for the saint day of his birth."}, {"section_header": "Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks", "text": "To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Two years later Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol."}, {"section_header": "Spain under Franco | Economic policy", "text": "Spain became the second-fastest growing economy in the world between 1959 and 1973, just behind Japan."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | The first months", "text": "The first load of arms and tanks arrived as early as 26 September and was secretly unloaded at night."}, {"section_header": "From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | The first months", "text": "The first days of the insurgency were marked by a serious need to secure control over the Spanish Moroccan Protectorate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde (, Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u02c8f\u027ea\u014bko]; 4 December 1892 \u2013 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo."}], "text": "Francisco Franco became Claudio the First.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Francisco Franco"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public image", "text": "When putting together her own wardrobe she stated, \"It's become more about taking a risk ... I always look for the most interesting silhouette or something"}], "id": "u0SRz8HLMlYoqkRp9lXC", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Public image", "text": "In 2009, New York magazine described Rihanna's early look as that of \"a cookie-cutter teen queen\", noting she has the ability \"to shift looks dramatically and with such ease\"."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "\"Described as one of the sexiest women of her generation, she revealed that being a sex symbol is not a priority and that \"it's definitely flattering, but also uncomfortable."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "Fenty is a fashion brand by Rihanna under luxury fashion group LVMH which launched in May 2019."}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "She showcased the brand at the New York Fashion Week in September 2018."}, {"section_header": "Life and music career | 2004\u20132006: Beginnings and early releases", "text": "Despite being skeptical, he invited Rihanna to audition for the label."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage", "text": "A scene of Rihanna being approached by a speeding car at night"}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "Music critic Jayson Greene of Pitchfork described Rihanna as the most influential singer of the past decade, writing:\"Rihanna"}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "Nick Levine of Digital Spy described Good Girl"}, {"section_header": "Fenty | Fenty fashion brands", "text": "In September 2019 Rihanna promoted the brand in a show again during the New York Fashion Week held at the Barclays Center with modeling appearances from models Alex Wek, Bella Hadid, Cara Delevingne, actress Laverne Cox, and musicians Normani and 21 Savage."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice", "text": "It represents a departure from the Caribbean sound of her previous albums and is described as a turning point in her career."}, {"section_header": "Public image", "text": "When putting together her own wardrobe she stated, \"It's become more about taking a risk ... I always look for the most interesting silhouette or something"}], "text": "Rihanna describes her overall look as being fashion forward.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "While the Homeric poems (particularly, the Iliad) were not necessarily revered scripture of the ancient Greeks, they were most certainly seen as guides that were important to the intellectual understanding of any educated Greek citizen."}], "id": "u2YMEPfBWhLc7jDqQCTB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, Ili\u00e1s, Attic Greek pronunciation: [i\u02d0.li.\u00e1s]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "While the Homeric poems (particularly, the Iliad) were not necessarily revered scripture of the ancient Greeks, they were most certainly seen as guides that were important to the intellectual understanding of any educated Greek citizen."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Subjects from the Trojan War were a favourite among ancient Greek dramatists."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Depiction of infantry combat", "text": "This overall depiction of war runs contrary to many other ancient Greek depictions, where war is an aspiration for greater glory."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "This is even later referred to by Homer in the Odyssey."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "Robert Browning's poem Development discusses his childhood introduction to the matter of the Iliad and his delight in the epic, as well as contemporary debates about its authorship."}, {"section_header": "Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare", "text": "The biggest issue in reconciling the connection between the epic fighting of the Iliad and later Greek warfare is the phalanx, or hoplite, warfare seen in Greek history well after Homer's Iliad."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture", "text": "The Iliad was also the first full epic poem to be translated to Arabic from a foreign language, upon the publication of Al-Boustani's complete work in 1904."}, {"section_header": "Influence on arts and pop culture | 20th century arts", "text": "Simone Weil wrote the essay \"The Iliad or the Poem of Force\" in 1939, shortly after the commencement of World War II."}], "text": "The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem with scripture references introducing warriors during the War in Heaven.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Iliad"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana came to prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, after a brief courtship."}], "id": "u3DTU5mN9ZHN1lZfZWWf", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Marriage | Engagement and wedding", "text": "Diana was the first Englishwoman to marry the first in line to the throne since Anne Hyde over 300 years earlier, and she was also the first royal bride to have a paying job before her engagement."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "She grew up with three siblings: Sarah, Jane, and Charles."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Engagement and wedding", "text": "Twenty-year-old Diana became Princess of Wales when she married the Prince of Wales on 29 July 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral, which offered more seating than Westminster Abbey, a church that was generally used for royal nuptials."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "Harry was born two years before Hewitt and Diana began their affair."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "Prince Charles subsequently courted Diana in London."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Divorce", "text": "\" Almost a year before, according to Tina Brown, the Duke of Edinburgh had warned the Princess of Wales: \"If you don't behave, my girl, we'll take your title away."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "He was then dating her older sister, Lady Sarah."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Problems and separation", "text": "down\". In the same year, the News of the World claimed that Diana had made over 300 phone calls to the married art dealer Oliver Hoare."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "In the 1990s, British magazine Private Eye called her \"Cheryl\" and Prince Charles"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Diana came to prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, after a brief courtship."}], "text": "Princess Diana dated Princes Charles for three years before marrying him.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died of complications after eye surgery in 1750 at the age of 65."}], "id": "u6qyYxbf2e5Q8nGdkKQt", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March ["}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a \"patron\" of CPE Bach."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, in present-day Germany, on 21 March 1685"}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "Bach's mother died in 1694, and his father died eight months later."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "Their journey was probably undertaken mostly on foot."}, {"section_header": "Life | Leipzig (1723\u20131750) | Final years and death (1740\u20131750)", "text": "Bach died on 28 July 1750 from complications due to the unsuccessful treatment."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He died of complications after eye surgery in 1750 at the age of 65."}], "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach died from drowning in a foot of water after he fell off his horse.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Johann Sebastian Bach"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleisthenes (; Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Kleisth\u00e9n\u0113s) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC."}], "id": "u8bUZdGgThOObKwSm56v", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography", "text": "Historians estimate that Cleisthenes was born around 570 BC."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleisthenes (; Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Kleisth\u00e9n\u0113s) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "After this victory, Cleisthenes began to reform the government of Athens."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cleomenes intervened in 508 and 506 BC, but could not stop Cleisthenes, now supported by the Athenians."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "It was the role of the Boule to propose laws to the assembly of voters, who convened in Athens around forty times a year for this purpose."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens", "text": "Cleisthenes called these reforms isonomia (\"equality vis \u00e0 vis law\", iso-=equality; nomos=law), instead of demokratia."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Through Cleisthenes' reforms, the people of Athens endowed their city with isonomic institutions\u2014equal rights for all citizens (though only men were citizens)\u2014and established ostracism."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "With help from the Spartans and the Alcmaeonidae (Cleisthenes' genos, \"clan\") , he was responsible for overthrowing Hippias, the tyrant son of Pisistratus."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Rise to power", "text": "After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power, but Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes."}], "text": "Cleisthenes came to life around 570,  but didn't help reform the constitution of Athens until 508.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cleisthenes"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mark William Calaway (born March 24, 1965), better known by the ring name The Undertaker, is an American professional wrestler."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is currently signed to WWE."}], "id": "u9u8NTxeEzQpC056jMa3", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "Wrestler Big Show named The Undertaker as the greatest professional wrestler of all time, while Mark Henry and WWE chairman Vince McMahon have called him their favorite."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mark William Calaway (born March 24, 1965), better known by the ring name The Undertaker, is an American professional wrestler."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Championship Wrestling (1989\u20131990)", "text": "In 1989, Calaway joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as a villain and adopted the ring name \"Mean Mark\" Callous, a name devised for him by Terry Funk."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "The Undertaker has been named one of the greatest wrestlers of all time."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Post-Streak feuds (2015\u20132020)", "text": "Over the following weeks, Styles would continue to provoke The Undertaker, notably calling him by his real name, Mark Calaway, and bringing his wife Michelle McCool into the picture."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998\u20131999)", "text": "Had he entered WCW, it would have been as Mark Calaway."}, {"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Debut and early feuds (1990\u20131991)", "text": "During the match, Calaway was referred to as The Undertaker, omitting the name 'Kane', which was dropped shortly after the event (and seven years later was given to another wrestler who eventually became Undertaker's younger brother of the same name)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "In naming him the second greatest wrestler ever, IGN described The Undertaker as, \"one of the most respected wrestlers, and characters, in the business; treated with actual reverence."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "Tim Friorvant of ESPN named The Undertaker \"a character that has been a cornerstone of the WWE for more than three decades\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and reception", "text": "The Undertaker was voted the greatest WWE wrestler ever in a 2013 Digital Spy poll."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is currently signed to WWE."}], "text": "The Undertaker is the stage name for WWE wrestler Mark Calaway.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Undertaker"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, where her father C. L. Franklin was a minister."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Aretha Louise Franklin (March 25, 1942 \u2013 August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter, actress, pianist, and civil rights activist."}], "id": "uNzmcMiyscn5eXRyM2xW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "When Franklin was 12, her father began managing her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called \"gospel caravan\" tours for her to perform in various churches."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Columbia (1961\u20131966)", "text": "By 1964, Franklin began recording more pop music, reaching the top 10 on the R&B chart with the ballad \"Runnin' Out of Fools\" in early 1965."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Atlantic (1967\u20131979)", "text": "Another woman performed at several Florida venues under the name Aretha Franklin."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "After the separation, Aretha recalled seeing her mother in Buffalo during the summer, and Barbara Franklin frequently visited her children in Detroit."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ward also served as a role model to the young Aretha."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "When Aretha was two, the family relocated to Buffalo, New York."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "By the time Aretha turned five, C. L. Franklin had permanently relocated the family to Detroit, where he took over the pastorship of the New Bethel Baptist Church."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn \"Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2019 awarded Franklin a posthumous special citation \"for her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades.\" Aretha Louise Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, to Barbara (n\u00e9e Siggers) and Clarence LaVaughn"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, where her father C. L. Franklin was a minister."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Aretha Louise Franklin (March 25, 1942 \u2013 August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter, actress, pianist, and civil rights activist."}], "text": "Aretha Franklin was a performer and began her career early as a kid.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Aretha Franklin"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "A slick fielder but never much of a hitter, he worked his way up to the Texas League Houston Buffaloes (two steps below the majors) in 1951, though never made it to the big league club."}], "id": "uRXDux9V4yoATgvzmh9f", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver claims to have never had a sign for the hit and run,"}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "Weaver also insisted his players maintained a professional appearance at all times."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "A slick fielder but never much of a hitter, he worked his way up to the Texas League Houston Buffaloes (two steps below the majors) in 1951, though never made it to the big league club."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968\u201382; 1985\u201386)."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Philosophy", "text": "He allowed mustaches, but not beards, and, as a rule, players had to wear a suit or jacket and tie on board an airplane for a road trip."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer, who battled with his manager on a regular basis, once noted: \"The only thing that Earl knows about a curve ball is he couldn't hit it.\" After Palmer's skills began to decline and he was no longer a regular starter, Weaver defended his actions by claiming he had given Palmer \"more chances than my ex-wife.\" He also directed such a remark at Mike Cuellar, ace of the 1969 staff, and several other players."}, {"section_header": "In media", "text": "1983).In 1987 , Weaver assisted in the development of the AI for the computer game Earl Weaver Baseball, which was published by Electronic Arts."}, {"section_header": "Playing career", "text": "He was the son of Earl Milton Weaver, a dry cleaner who cleaned the uniforms of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns, and Ethel Genevieve Wakefield."}, {"section_header": "Managerial career | Disciplinary actions", "text": "First base umpire Bill Haller, who was wearing a microphone for a documentary on the daily life of an MLB umpire, called a balk on Oriole pitcher Mike Flanagan."}], "text": "Earl Weaver never got into MLB proper as a player.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Earl Weaver"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov and first compositions, 1901\u20131909", "text": "In the wake of Rimsky-Korsakov's death, Stravinsky composed Funeral Song, Op. 5 which was performed once and then considered lost until its discovery in 2015.In August 1905, Stravinsky became engaged to his first cousin, Katherine Gavrylivna Nosenko."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov and first compositions, 1901\u20131909", "text": "In spite of the Orthodox Church's opposition to marriage between first cousins, the couple married on 23 January 1906."}], "id": "uS9hlvqAeyCriJDnSnh3", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personality", "text": "A fictionalization of the supposed affair formed the basis of the novel Coco and Igor (2002) and a film, Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life, 1882\u20131901", "text": "Until 1914, he spent most of his summers in the town of Ustilug, now in Ukraine, where his father-in-law owned an estate."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1923, Erik Satie wrote an article about Igor Stravinsky in Vanity Fair."}, {"section_header": "Recordings and publications", "text": "Igor Stravinsky found recordings a practical and useful tool in preserving his thoughts on the interpretation of his music."}, {"section_header": "Innovation and influence", "text": "Stravinsky has been called \"one of music's truly epochal innovators\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the United States, 1939\u20131971 | 1945\u20131968", "text": "An exception to this was a concert at Massey Hall in Toronto, Canada in May 1967, where he conducted the relatively physically undemanding Pulcinella suite with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life, 1882\u20131901", "text": "Igor was the third of their four sons; his brothers were Roman, Yury, and Gury."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in France, 1920\u20131939", "text": "Katya, to whom he had been married for 33 years, died of tuberculosis three months later, in March 1939."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1998, Time magazine named Stravinsky as one of the 100 most influential people of the century."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in France, 1920\u20131939", "text": "Stravinsky met Vera de Bosset in Paris in February 1921, while she was married to the painter and stage designer Serge Sudeikin, and they began an affair that led to Vera leaving her husband."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov and first compositions, 1901\u20131909", "text": "In the wake of Rimsky-Korsakov's death, Stravinsky composed Funeral Song, Op. 5 which was performed once and then considered lost until its discovery in 2015.In August 1905, Stravinsky became engaged to his first cousin, Katherine Gavrylivna Nosenko."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov and first compositions, 1901\u20131909", "text": "In spite of the Orthodox Church's opposition to marriage between first cousins, the couple married on 23 January 1906."}], "text": "Igor Stravinsky married one of his own relatives.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Igor Stravinsky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "The king was often seriously ill during the last year of his life, leaving him an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his control of Charles to ensure his own future."}], "id": "uTkWHxQFNJnaEAH2NK5k", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood | Regencies", "text": "In accordance with the religious beliefs of most of the Scottish ruling class, James was brought up as a member of the Protestant Church of Scotland, the Kirk."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "In his later years, James suffered increasingly from arthritis, gout and kidney stones."}, {"section_header": "King and Church", "text": "James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son."}, {"section_header": "Personal relationships", "text": "James pardoned Frances and commuted Carr's sentence of death, eventually pardoning him in 1624."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "One theory is that James may have suffered from porphyria, a disease of which his descendant George III of the United Kingdom exhibited some symptoms."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "James described his urine to physician Th\u00e9odore de Mayerne as being the \"dark red colour of Alicante wine\"."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "In early 1625, James was plagued by severe attacks of arthritis, gout, and fainting fits, and fell seriously ill in March with tertian ague and then suffered a stroke."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "Bishop John Williams of Lincoln preached the sermon, observing, \"King Solomon died in Peace, when he had lived about sixty years ... and so you know did King James\"."}, {"section_header": "Early reign in England | Gunpowder Plot", "text": "He was guarding a pile of wood not far from 36 barrels of gunpowder with which Fawkes intended to blow up Parliament House the following day and cause the destruction, as James put it, \"not only ... of my person, nor of my wife and posterity also, but of the whole body of the State in general\"."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Theory of monarchy", "text": "The document proposes an absolutist theory of monarchy, by which a king may impose new laws by royal prerogative but must also pay heed to tradition and to God, who would \"stirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of wicked kings\"."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "The king was often seriously ill during the last year of his life, leaving him an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his control of Charles to ensure his own future."}], "text": "James was very healthy up till his death.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in was born on 17 May 1961 in Dore, within the area of the parish Gaoth Dobhair, in the northwestern county of Donegal, Ireland."}], "id": "uUBssDW9ZzklSbdxk7yV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "The change from Eithne to Enya originated from Nicky Ryan, who thought her name would be too difficult for people outside Ireland to pronounce correctly, and suggested the phonetic spelling of her name."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "In 2002, Enya released \"May It Be\" as a single which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "In June 2007, Enya received an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland, Galway."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "The exposure caused A Day Without Rain to outperform its original chart performance to peak at number 2 on the Billboard 200, and the release of a maxi single containing the original and a pop remix of \"Only Time\" in November 2001."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1976\u20131985: Clannad and early solo career", "text": "She toured across Europe and played an uncredited role on their sixth album, Crann \u00dall (1980), with a line-up of siblings M\u00e1ire, P\u00f3l and Ciar\u00e1n Brennan and twin uncles, Noel and P\u00e1draig Duggan."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Despite these improvements, in October 2005, two people broke into her home; one attacked and tied up one of her housekeepers and left with several of Enya's items after she had raised the alarm in her safe room."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eithne P\u00e1draig\u00edn N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in was born on 17 May 1961 in Dore, within the area of the parish Gaoth Dobhair, in the northwestern county of Donegal, Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "The 2016 edition, which listed its top 50 \"Music Millionaires of Britain and Ireland\", she emerged as the richest female singer with a fortune of \u00a391 million for a place at No."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1998\u20132007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine", "text": "After flying to New Zealand to observe the filming and to watch a rough cut of the film, Enya returned to Ireland and composed \"An\u00edron (Theme for Aragon and Arwen)\" with lyrics by Roma in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Elvish language Sindarin, and \"May It Be\", sung in English and another Tolkien language, Quenya."}, {"section_header": "Musical style", "text": "However, Enya does not classify her music as part of the genre."}], "text": "Enya is originally from England but grew up in Ireland.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Enya"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "id": "uVzifPyq2ai44SCOrokL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "His elder sister was Maria Anna Mozart (1751\u20131829), nicknamed \"Nannerl\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "When Nannerl was 7, she began keyboard lessons with her father, while her three-year-old brother looked on."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years | Final illness and death", "text": "Mozart was nursed in his final illness by his wife and her youngest sister and was attended by the family doctor, Thomas Franz Closset."}, {"section_header": "Appearance and character", "text": "He had a startling fondness for scatological humour, which is preserved in his surviving letters, notably those written to his cousin Maria Anna Thekla Mozart around 1777\u20131778, and in his correspondence with his sister and parents."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "His father and sister were cordially polite to Constanze, but the visit prompted the composition of one of Mozart's great liturgical pieces, the Mass in C minor."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387", "text": "Mozart's six quartets dedicated to Haydn (K. 387, K. 421, K. 428, K. 458, K. 464, and K. 465) date from the period 1782 to 1785, and are judged to be a response to Haydn's Opus 33 set from 1781."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1777\u201378: Journey to Paris", "text": "By that time, relations between Grimm and Mozart had cooled, and Mozart moved out."}, {"section_header": "Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence", "text": "For further details, see Mozart and Beethoven."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719\u20131787) and Anna Maria, n\u00e9e Pertl (1720\u20131778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1782\u201387 | 1786\u201387: Return to opera", "text": "It was a part-time appointment, paying just 800 florins per year, and required Mozart only to compose dances for the annual balls in the Redoutensaal (see Mozart and dance)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood", "text": "He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy."}], "text": "Mozart had six brothers and sisters.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem's origins are unknown, but it was partly inspired by Gray's thoughts following the death of the poet Richard West in 1742."}], "id": "uYEcFdyhdHkgOlzg0f3E", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "William Mason, in Memoirs, discussed his friend Gray and the origins of Elegy: \"I am inclined to believe that the Elegy in a Country Church-yard was begun, if not concluded, at this time [August 1742] also: Though I am aware that as it stands at present, the conclusion is of a later date; how that was originally I shall show in my notes on the poem."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Adaptations and parodies", "text": "Written in a Country Meeting House, April 1789; Parodized from Gray for the Entertainment of Those Who Laugh at All Parties by George Richards (d.1804) and published from Boston MA, the parody was printed opposite Gray's original page by page, making the translation to the political context more obvious."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Claimed as \"probably still today the best-known and best-loved poem in English\", the Elegy quickly became popular."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Originally titled Stanzas Wrote in a Country Church-Yard, the poem was completed when Gray was living near St Giles' parish church at Stoke Poges."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "It would be difficult to maintain that the thought in this poem is either striking or original, or that its feeling is exceptional.\" He continued: \"the Elegy may usefully remind us that boldness and originality are not necessities for great poetry."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "Edward Moore's \u201cAn elegy, written among the ruins of a nobleman's seat in Cornwall\" (1756) and John Cunningham's \"An elegy on a pile of ruins\" (1761)."}, {"section_header": "Composition", "text": "The first, Mason's concept, argues that the Eton copy was the original for the Elegy poem and was complete in itself."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The poem's origins are unknown, but it was partly inspired by Gray's thoughts following the death of the poet Richard West in 1742."}], "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard's origins are known.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}], "id": "uYoW5PJ7LQ1bwh6QOdq5", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Unicode character", "text": "This is the name of a statue near Shibuya Station in Tokyo, which is inspired by, but distinct from, mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "Unicode character", "text": "The official unicode name for the emoji is spelled \"Moyai\"."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Except for one kneeling mo\u02bbai, the statues do not have clearly visible legs."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Some were incomplete because, when inclusions were encountered, the carvers would abandon a partial statue and start a new one."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Creating the mo\u02bbai was one way the islanders would honor their ancestors; during the height of the birdman cult there is evidence which suggests that the construction of mo\u02bbai stopped."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "\" The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "In 2008, a Finnish tourist chipped a piece off the ear of one mo\u02bbai."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "The earliest accounts say a king named Tuu Ku Ihu moved them with the help of the god Makemake, while later stories tell of a woman who lived alone on the mountain ordering them about at her will."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island, mostly between circa 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "\"One of the most fascinating sights at Orongo are the hundreds of petroglyphs carved with birdman and Makemake images."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}], "text": "Mo'ai are statues that are on an island named after a holiday.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Acts of the Apostles (Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, Pr\u00e1xeis Apost\u00f3l\u014dn; Latin: Act\u016bs Apostol\u014drum), often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire."}], "id": "ucjX6NWxXu2gyVUgL7Ha", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "It is not known whether this was an existing title or one invented by Irenaeus; it does seem clear that it was not given by the author, as the word pr\u00e1xeis (deeds, acts) only appears once in the text (Acts 19:18) and there it does not refer to the apostles but refers to deeds confessed by followers to the apostles."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Anchor Bible: The Acts of the Apostles-A new Translation with Introduction and Commentary."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Genre, sources and historicity of Acts", "text": "The author may have taken as his model the works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who wrote a well-known history of Rome, or the Jewish historian Josephus, author of a history of the Jews."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Genre, sources and historicity of Acts", "text": "The title \"Acts of the Apostles\" (Praxeis Apostolon) would seem to identify it with the genre telling of the deeds and achievements of great men (praxeis), but it was not the title given by the author."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Theological Bible Commentary."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, the author was the \"Luke\" named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself; this view is still sometimes advanced, but \"a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters.\" (An example can be seen by comparing Acts's accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1\u201331, 22:6\u201321, and 26:9\u201323) with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17\u201324).) The author \"is an admirer of Paul, but does not share Paul's own view of himself as an apostle; his own theology is considerably different from Paul's on key points and does not represent Paul's own views accurately."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary."}, {"section_header": "Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke \u2013 Acts, authorship and date", "text": "The title \"Acts of the Apostles\" was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Acts of the Apostles (Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, Pr\u00e1xeis Apost\u00f3l\u014dn; Latin: Act\u016bs Apostol\u014drum), often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire."}], "text": "The author of Acts of the Apostles in the Bible is not known.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Acts of the Apostles"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "She admires Madonna's ability to reinvent herself, saying \"I want to evolve like Madonna\", and has credited Madonna for inspiring her to make Prism \"darker\" than her previous material."}], "id": "uhmVds26yLCieYJo1x76", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes", "text": "While Perry's music incorporates pop, rock, and disco, Katy Hudson contains gospel."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes", "text": "Perry's fourth album, Prism, is significantly influenced by dance and pop music."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "She admires Madonna's ability to reinvent herself, saying \"I want to evolve like Madonna\", and has credited Madonna for inspiring her to make Prism \"darker\" than her previous material."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry described the Beach Boys and their album Pet Sounds as having a considerable influence on her music: \"Pet Sounds is one of my favorite records and it influenced pretty much all of my songwriting."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "During the early stages of her career, Perry's musical style gravitated towards gospel and she aspired to be as successful as Amy Grant."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes", "text": "Self-empowerment is a common theme in Perry's music."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "She cites the band's frontman, Freddie Mercury, as her biggest influence and expressed how the \"combination of his sarcastic approach to writing lyrics and his 'I don't give a fuck' attitude\" inspired her music."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Perry names Bj\u00f6rk as an influence, particularly admiring her \"willingness to always be taking chances\"."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2010\u20132012: Teenage Dream and marriage", "text": "On July 5, 2012, Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was released to theaters through Paramount Pictures."}], "text": "Katy Perry's music was not influenced by Madonna.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the \"Queen of Soul\"."}], "id": "uoKqy8P1zO3R6NiW9sXQ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, where her father C. L. Franklin was a minister."}, {"section_header": "Personal life | Death and funeral", "text": "A memorial service was held at New Bethel Baptist Church on August 19."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "Recording equipment was installed inside New Bethel Baptist Church and nine tracks were recorded."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "By the time Aretha turned five, C. L. Franklin had permanently relocated the family to Detroit, where he took over the pastorship of the New Bethel Baptist Church."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn \"Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me\"."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Arista (1980\u20132007)", "text": "In 1987, she issued her third gospel album, One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism, which was recorded at her late father's New Bethel church, followed by Through the Storm in 1989."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Beginnings (1952\u20131960)", "text": "When Franklin was 12, her father began managing her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called \"gospel caravan\" tours for her to perform in various churches."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the \"Queen of Soul\"."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Columbia (1961\u20131966)", "text": "By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a \"new-star female vocalist\" in DownBeat magazine."}, {"section_header": "Music career | Atlantic (1967\u20131979)", "text": "Another woman performed at several Florida venues under the name Aretha Franklin."}], "text": "Aretha Franklin was named the Queen of R and B and began her career with the New Bethel Baptist Church.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Aretha Franklin"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Notable products manufactured by Foxconn include the BlackBerry, iPad, iPhone 11, iPod, Kindle, Nintendo 3DS, Nokia devices, Xiaomi devices, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and several CPU sockets, including the TR4 CPU socket on some motherboards."}], "id": "urXY07BSsDI3y8XIievT", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "International operations | China", "text": "A Foxconn branch that primarily manufactures Apple products is Hongfujin."}, {"section_header": "Controversies | Working conditions", "text": "Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when Apple Inc. audited the maker of its iPods and iPhones in 2007, the audit did substantiate several of the allegations."}, {"section_header": "International operations | China", "text": "On 25 May 2016, the BBC reported that Foxconn fired 60,000 employees because it had automated \"many of the manufacturing tasks associated with their operations\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Foxconn has been involved in several controversies."}, {"section_header": "International operations | China", "text": "Foxconn has 12 factories in nine Chinese cities\u2014more than in any other country."}, {"section_header": "International operations | China", "text": "While some workers live in surrounding towns and villages, others live and work inside the complex; a quarter of the employees live in the dormitories, and many of them work up to 12 hours a day for 6 days each week."}, {"section_header": "International operations | China", "text": "Another Foxconn factory \"city\" is located at Zhengzhou Technology Park in Zhengzhou, Henan province, where a reported 120,000 workers are employed as of 2012.Foxconn's future expansion include sites at Wuhan in Hubei province, Haizhow, Kunshan in Jiangsu province, Tianjin, Beijing, and Guangzhou in Guangdong province, China."}, {"section_header": "Controversies", "text": "Foxconn has been involved in several controversies relating to employee grievances or treatment."}, {"section_header": "International operations | India", "text": "In September 2016 Foxconn started manufacturing products with Gionee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Notable products manufactured by Foxconn include the BlackBerry, iPad, iPhone 11, iPod, Kindle, Nintendo 3DS, Nokia devices, Xiaomi devices, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and several CPU sockets, including the TR4 CPU socket on some motherboards."}], "text": "Foxconn has many factories in China and makes several of the Apple products.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Foxconn"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alomar was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico and raised in Salinas, Puerto Rico."}], "id": "uv93zEDO4lcvRc6EOE5i", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar Vel\u00e1zquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [alo\u02c8ma\u027e]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988\u20132004)."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": ", Henry Aaron was the other.\" He became only the third Puerto Rican to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, after Roberto Clemente and Orlando Cepeda, and has since been joined by Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez and Edgar Mart\u00ednez."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "In 1985, Alomar signed with the San Diego Padres at age 17, and joined the team's Class-A affiliate, the Charleston Rainbows."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "On December 12, 2012, Alomar married Toronto native Kim Perks at the Art Gallery of Ontario."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "He became an All-Star for the first time in 1990, as a reserve player for the National League."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 2011, Alomar was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the first Hall of Fame member to be depicted as a Blue Jays player on his plaque."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "On November 12, 2013, Alomar launched a baseball equipment line, Alomar Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Career | Baltimore Orioles", "text": "In 1998, he was named the Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game MVP."}, {"section_header": "Post-playing honors and activities", "text": "The 2011 Caribbean Series was dedicated to him, which was followed by his induction into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is regarded as one of the greatest second basemen and all-around players of all time."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Alomar was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico and raised in Salinas, Puerto Rico."}], "text": "Roberto is a baseball player native of San Juan, PR.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roberto Alomar"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."}], "id": "uxImGzit5PIXNjrp1jiq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "By 1940, Klem had retired and had been replaced by future Hall of Fame umpire Al Barlick."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Death and legacy", "text": "Klem and Tom Connolly were the first two umpires inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm (February 22, 1874 \u2013 September 16, 1951), known as the \"Old Arbitrator\" and the \"father of baseball umpires\", was a National League (NL) umpire in Major League Baseball from 1905 to 1941."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series."}, {"section_header": "Biography | MLB career", "text": "Of the 16 major league teams in existence during his career, all but one\u2014the St. Louis Browns, who would not win a pennant until 1944\u2014appeared in a World Series that he officiated; the only other teams which did not win a championship with Klem on the field were the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies (neither of which won a title during Klem's lifetime) and the Detroit Tigers."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Early life", "text": "O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, \"Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."}], "text": "William Klem was alive when he was elected to the Hall of Fame and was in 18 World Series as an umpire.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Bill Klem"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics."}], "id": "uxYeeD71OihVROWHvYue", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Most critics consider Merry Wives to be one of Shakespeare's weakest plays, and the Falstaff of Merry Wives to be much inferior to the Falstaff of the two Henry IV plays."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "That Shakespeare would so stumble with one of his greatest creations"}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "If it is correct, it would probably mean that Shakespeare wrote The Merry Wives of Windsor between Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Operas", "text": "It is largely considered to be the best operatic adaptation of The Merry Wives of Windsor, as well as one of opera's greatest comic achievements."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "T.W. Craik suggests that Shakespeare was forced to interrupt work on Henry IV, Part 2, having written most of it, because The Merry Wives had to be completed quickly."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "One is that Pistol and Shallow are introduced as new characters in Henry IV, Part 2, but in The Merry Wives their connection to Falstaff is taken for granted."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "Leslie Hotson wrote that \"it is certain that the play bears the earmarks of hasty writing.\" Merry Wives was one of the first Shakespearean plays to be performed once the theatres re-opened in 1660 after the Interregnum."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Plays", "text": "Premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (2012) The Merry Widows of Windsor by Emily C. A. Snyder is a sequel to Shakespeare's text, written in blank verse."}, {"section_header": "Date and text", "text": "Sir John does not appear in Henry V, so Merry Wives could have been written to make good on the pledge."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics."}], "text": "The Merry Wives is one of the less acclaimed masterpiece of William Shakespeare.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "The Merry Wives of Windsor"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Melanistic leopards are common in Java, and are also reported from densely forested areas in southwestern China, Myanmar, Assam and Nepal, from Travancore, and some parts of southern India where they may be more numerous than spotted leopards."}], "id": "uyPcYpsYSP0BtmeojaS6", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Melanistic and non-melanistic animals can be littermates."}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "There are no authenticated cases of truly melanistic cougars."}, {"section_header": "Cougar", "text": "Melanistic cougars were neither photographed nor killed in the wild, and none have ever been bred."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Based on records from camera traps, melanistic leopards occur foremost in tropical and subtropical moist forests."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "A pseudo-melanistic leopard has a normal background color, but the spots are more densely packed than normal and merge to obscure the golden-brown background color."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Melanistic leopards are common in Java, and are also reported from densely forested areas in southwestern China, Myanmar, Assam and Nepal, from Travancore, and some parts of southern India where they may be more numerous than spotted leopards."}, {"section_header": "Jaguar", "text": "In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "Data on the distribution of leopard populations indicates that melanism occurs in five subspecies in the wild: Indian leopard, Javan leopard, African leopard, Indochinese leopard (P. p. delacouri) and Sri Lankan leopard (P. p. kotiya)."}, {"section_header": "Leopard", "text": "The taxonomic status of captive black leopards and the extent of hybridization between the Javan leopard and other leopard subspecies is uncertain."}], "text": "Melanistic leopards have been seen in fields in New Zealand.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Black Panther"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "The sense of rivalry is more keenly felt on the Nigerian side, as Argentina have won almost all of their encounters and have more important traditional opponents to concentrate on, in contrast to the West Africans who remain keen to finally overcome a more illustrious foe."}], "id": "v7B9Iio1ezAPKKhv1R6x", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "On 6 September 2011, Bangabandhu National Stadium hosted an international friendly football match between the full-strength Argentina and Nigeria teams, featuring Lionel Messi, Sergio Ag\u00fcero, Javier Mascherano and John Obi Mikel among the other star players of both nations."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "A minor rivalry developed from the 1990s between Argentina and Nigeria, based not on geographical proximity, long-term battles for honours or factors outside football, but due to the frequency of significant matches between them."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "The sense of rivalry is more keenly felt on the Nigerian side, as Argentina have won almost all of their encounters and have more important traditional opponents to concentrate on, in contrast to the West Africans who remain keen to finally overcome a more illustrious foe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the La Albiceleste, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "The fixture is the most common in the competition's history involving an African nation, and has occurred in five of the six tournaments for which Nigeria has qualified."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "Below full international level, their Olympic teams also faced off in the gold medal match in 1996 (3\u20132 to Nigeria), and 2008 (1\u20130 to Argentina)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "The reasons for this varied, including long travel times between countries and the interruption of World War I.La Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the Albicelestes (sky blue and whites), has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost, 4\u20132, to Uruguay."}], "text": "The Argentina national football team is known for its rivalries and they have lost all their encounters with Nigeria.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for several teams, but his longest tenure was in New York, where he was responsible for the New York Gothams becoming known as the Giants."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "Connor's career mark of 138 was a benchmark not surpassed until 1921 by Babe Ruth."}], "id": "vDIKgfnTLwyenFgpaf22", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the player whom Babe Ruth succeeded as the all-time home run champion."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career (1891\u20131897)", "text": "Connor's career mark of 138 was a benchmark not surpassed until 1921 by Babe Ruth."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Retirement from baseball", "text": "He lived to see his career home run record bested by Babe Ruth, although if it was celebrated, it might have been on the wrong day."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for several teams, but his longest tenure was in New York, where he was responsible for the New York Gothams becoming known as the Giants."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "His grand slam came with two outs and his team down three runs in the bottom of the ninth inning, a situation known today as a walk-off home run."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early years (1880\u20131889)", "text": "Connor committed 60 errors in 83 games and sustained a shoulder injury, prompting a position change to first baseman for 1881.He later played for the New York Gothams, and, due to his great stature, gave that team the enduring nickname \"Giants\"."}, {"section_header": "Personal", "text": "The couple later adopted a girl named Cecelia from a Catholic orphanage in New York City."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)", "text": "National League teams rescheduled many of their games to conflict with PL games in the same cities, and a high number of PL games were cancelled late in the season due to rainouts."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 \u2013 January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player."}], "text": "Roger Connor played a role in Gotham City as Babe Ruth.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roger Connor"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Wahoo, Nebraska, he had a short minor league baseball career before entering the majors with the Cincinnati Reds in 1899."}], "id": "vDvMU6fihm1nw02mJRRP", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "After his election, Crawford told the curator in Cooperstown that he wanted his plaque to read \"Wahoo Sam.\" He noted: \"That's my hometown, and I'm proud of it."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Samuel Earl Crawford (April 18, 1880 \u2013 June 15, 1968), nicknamed \"Wahoo Sam\", was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball (MLB)."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "In 1898, he joined a traveling baseball team in Wahoo."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Crawford was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, in 1880, the son of Stephen O. Crawford (born 1842 in Vermont) and Nellie Crawford (born 1855 in Iowa)."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "As for how he hoped to be remembered, he said: \"When I kick off they'll say, 'Well, good old Sam, he wasn't such a bad guy after all."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb", "text": "He stands up at the plate like a brick house and he hits all the pitchers, without playing favorites.\" Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of 13 seasons."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Wahoo, Nebraska, he had a short minor league baseball career before entering the majors with the Cincinnati Reds in 1899."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "According to a biography from the Nebraska Hall of Fame, Crawford was a star athlete at Wahoo High School, leading the team to two state football championships in 1896 and 1897 and was also noted for \"foot racing\" wherever he played."}, {"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Career accomplishments", "text": "One of his contemporaries, Fielder Jones, said of Crawford: \"None of them can hit quite as hard as Crawford."}, {"section_header": "Later baseball career", "text": "Crawford was 59\u201346\u20133 as the USC coach."}], "text": "Sam Crawford is a descendant of the Wahoo Tribe.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Sam Crawford"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 \u2013 September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager."}], "id": "vFyhRU7L8dLZP3fIQqGj", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first AL player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 \u2013 September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a general manager", "text": "The Red Sox posted winning season records for all but two of Cronin's 11 seasons as general manager, but from 1951\u201358 they lagged behind the AL pennant-winners by an average of 17\u200b3\u20444 games."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "Cronin was named player-manager of the Senators in 1933, a post he would hold for two years."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a general manager", "text": "Most attention has been focused on Cronin and Yawkey's refusal to integrate the Red Sox roster; by January 1959, when Cronin's tenure as general manager ended, the Red Sox were the only team in the big leagues without an African-American or Afro-Latin American player."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a general manager", "text": "In his first off-season, he acquired shortstop Vern Stephens and pitchers Ellis Kinder and Jack Kramer from the St. Louis Browns; all played major roles for the 1948 Red Sox, who finished in a flatfooted tie for the pennant with the Cleveland Indians but lost a one-game tie-breaker."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As AL president", "text": "Neither man was reinstated (Valentine became a successful minor league front-office executive), but the Major League Umpires Association was formed anyway, two years later."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time, the nearest MLB team was nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from San Francisco."}], "text": "Joe Cronin was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager, and became the first AL player to become an All-Star with two teams.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs."}], "id": "vGBS06r4XQjoMv10ByjV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "Lady Diana first met Charles, Prince of Wales, the Queen's eldest son and heir apparent, when she was 16 in November 1977."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The couple had two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Public appearances", "text": "In April 1985, the Prince and Princess of Wales visited Italy, and were later joined by Princes William and Harry."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Diana in contemporary art", "text": "In 2017, Prince William and Prince Harry commissioned two documentaries to mark the 20th anniversary of her death."}, {"section_header": "Marriage", "text": "Prince Charles subsequently courted Diana in London."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials", "text": "In an official statement released by Kensington Palace, William and Harry said \"Our mother touched so many lives."}, {"section_header": "Public life | Charity work and patronage | HIV/AIDS", "text": "Prince Harry accepted the award on behalf of his mother."}, {"section_header": "Marriage | Divorce", "text": "Prince William was reported to have reassured his mother: \"Don't worry, Mummy, I will give it back to you one day when I am King."}], "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, the heir apparent to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry, although in 1968, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Diana, Princess of Wales"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His best-known work is the orchestral piece"}], "id": "vHQDxL9UdG248GG0TyJl", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Among his fellow students was Claude Debussy, with whom Dukas formed a close friendship."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "The robust last movement, Allegro spiritoso, so verdant in instrumentation, brings the symphony to a vigorous close."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "Dukas worked on it for seven years and it was produced at the Op\u00e9ra-Comique in 1907."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "Not only are both works settings of Maeterlinck, but there are musical similarities; Dukas even quotes from the Debussy work in his score."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "\"In 1899 Dukas turned once again to operatic composition."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "In 2011, the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians observed, \"The popularity of L'apprenti sorcier and the exhilarating film version of it in Disney's Fantasia possibly hindered a fuller understanding of Dukas, as that single work is far better known than its composer.\" In the decade after L'apprenti sorcier, Dukas completed two complex and technically demanding large-scale works for solo piano: the Piano Sonata (1901), dedicated to Saint-Sa\u00ebns, and Variations, Interlude and Finale on a Theme by Rameau (1902)."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "The author had intended the libretto to be set by Grieg but in 1899 he offered it to Dukas."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In tandem with his composing career, Dukas worked as a music critic, contributing regular reviews to at least five French journals."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "During Dukas's lifetime The Musical Quarterly commented that the world fame of the work not only overshadowed all other compositions by Dukas, but also eclipsed Goethe's original poem."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "The opera has often been compared to Debussy's Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande which was first performed while Dukas was writing Ariane et Barbe-bleue."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "His best-known work is the orchestral piece"}], "text": "Dukas was a German philosopher that worked closely with Nietzsche.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 89% of 326 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.82/10."}], "id": "vInDgnQSIZWcTGLfWIBB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 89% of 326 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.82/10."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, \"With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction,\" and that it was \"one hell of an enjoyable ride.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that \"Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "Inglourious Basterds was later ranked #62 on a BBC critics' poll of the greatest films since 2000."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "\" Metacritic, which assigns a rating reviews, gives the film a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "The site's critical consensus reads: \"A classic Tarantino genre-blending thrill ride, Inglourious Basterds is violent, unrestrained, and thoroughly entertaining."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "\" Author and critic Daniel Mendelsohn was disturbed by the portrayal of Jewish American soldiers mimicking German atrocities done to European Jews, stating, \"In Inglourious Basterds, Tarantino indulges this taste for vengeful violence by\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, \" The Basterds?"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception", "text": "The film received an eight- to eleven-minute standing ovation from critics after its first screening at Cannes, although Le Monde, a leading French newspaper, dismissed it, saying \"Tarantino gets lost in a fictional World War II\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds."}], "text": "Inglourious Basterds received positive reviews from many of the critics.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Inglourious Basterds"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur had the largest budget ($15.175 million), as well as the largest sets built of any film produced at the time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ."}], "id": "vLGS6zIQKVc50n3dRFFL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times called it \"magnificent, inspiring, awesome, enthralling, and all the other adjectives you have been reading about it.\" He also called the editing \"generally expert\" although at times abrupt."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Bosley Crowther, writing for The New York Times, called Ben-Hur \"a remarkably intelligent and engrossing human drama\"."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "He found the film so uninvolving and lengthy that he said, \"I felt like a motorist trapped at a railroad crossing while a long freight train slowly trundles by.\" British film critic John Pym, writing for Time Out, was equally dismissive, calling the film a \"four-hour Sunday school lesson\"."}, {"section_header": "Chariot race sequence", "text": "The \"pageantry\" sequence before the race begins is a shot-by-shot remake of the same sequence from the 1925 silent film version."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ."}, {"section_header": "Release | Box office", "text": "It was the fastest-grossing film as well as the highest-grossing film of 1959, in the process becoming the second-highest-grossing film of all-time (at that time) behind Gone with the Wind."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) originally announced a remake of the 1925 silent film Ben-Hur in December 1952, ostensibly as a way to spend its Italian assets."}, {"section_header": "Release | Critical reception", "text": "Ronald Holloway, writing for Variety, called Ben-Hur \"a majestic achievement, representing a superb blending of the motion picture arts by master craftsmen,\" and concluded that \"Gone With the Wind, Metro's own champion all-time top grosser, will eventually have to take a back seat."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "His base salary was, at the time, the largest ever paid to a director for a single film."}, {"section_header": "Release | Accolades", "text": "It was listed as number 491 on Empire's 500 Greatest films of all time."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ben-Hur had the largest budget ($15.175 million), as well as the largest sets built of any film produced at the time."}], "text": "The film called Ben-Hur had the hugest money allowance of its time and was a remake.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ree-AN-\u0259; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, actress, businesswoman and philanthropist."}], "id": "vTHZZ3CCsHMFEIToyIJo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Activism | Advocacy", "text": "If You Are Black in America\"."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "She cited Brandy's fourth studio album, Afrodisiac (2004), as her main inspiration for her third album,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna moved to the United States in 2005 when she signed with Def Jam."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice", "text": "When she moved to the United States, she was exposed to varieties of American music \"rock being one of them, and I fell in love with it."}, {"section_header": "Activism | NAACP Image Awards", "text": "Johnson stated that \u201cRihanna has not only enjoyed a groundbreaking career as an artist and musician, but has also distinguished herself as a stellar public servant."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Influences", "text": "Rihanna takes influence from the different types of music she discovered when she came to America and revealed that rock music was one of the first genres she fell in love with."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "In 2020, she debuted on the Sunday Times Rich List, claiming third place on the list of Britain's richest musicians."}, {"section_header": "Other ventures", "text": "Net-a-Porter. On June 2, 2014, Rihanna received the Fashion Icon Award at the 2014 Council of Fashion Designers of America Fashion Awards at the Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall."}, {"section_header": "Influence and legacy", "text": "\" On September 21, 2018, Rihanna was appointed by the government of Barbados to be an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, with special duties of promoting \"education, tourism and investment for the island.\" As of 2019, Rihanna is the wealthiest female musician worldwide with an estimated net worth of $600 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Forbes ranked her among the top ten highest-paid celebrities in 2012 and 2014; as of 2019, she is the wealthiest female musician, with an estimated net worth of $600 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ree-AN-\u0259; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, actress, businesswoman and philanthropist."}], "text": "Rihanna is a Haitian musician and moved to the America in 2004.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Rihanna"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "He was the only child of Charles Parker and Adelaide"}], "id": "vW8T7AxmvSLkAqSKDcpm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "Streets was given the honorary designation \"Charlie Parker Place\" in 1992."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "became the album Charlie Parker with Strings: \" Just Friends\" , \"Everything Happens to Me\", \"April in Paris\", \"Summertime\","}, {"section_header": "Awards and recognitions", "text": "Charlie Parker\". Grammy Award"}, {"section_header": "Musical tributes", "text": "I Remember Charlie Parker in Parker's honor."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "From 1950 to 1954, Parker lived with Chan Berg on the ground floor of the townhouse at 151 Avenue B, across from Tompkins Square Park on Manhattan's Lower East Side."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "The Annual Charlie Parker Celebration is an annual festival held in Kansas City, Kansas since 2014."}, {"section_header": "Other tributes", "text": "Jean-Michel Basquiat created many pieces to honor Charlie Parker, including Charles the First, CPRKR, Bird on Money, and Discography I. Charlie Watts, drummer for the Rolling Stones, wrote a children's book entitled Ode to a High Flying Bird as a tribute to Parker."}, {"section_header": "Career | Charlie Parker with Strings", "text": "On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "The Gothic Revival building, which was built about 1849, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 and was designated a New York City landmark in 1999."}, {"section_header": "Charlie Parker residence", "text": "Avenue B between East 7th and East 10th"}, {"section_header": "Childhood", "text": "He was the only child of Charles Parker and Adelaide"}], "text": "Charlie Parker did not have siblings.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Charlie Parker"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death", "text": "Meanwhile, in 1413, Henry V \u2013 in an effort both to atone for his father's act of murder and to silence the rumours of Richard's survival \u2013 had decided to have the body at King's Langley moved to its final resting place in Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Here Richard himself had prepared an elaborate tomb, where the remains of his wife Anne were already entombed."}], "id": "vdOSYfXLeJRAjhBN9JJL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was crowned on 16 July 1377 at Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Patronage and the arts", "text": "Unlike any other English king before him, he had himself portrayed in panel paintings of elevated majesty, of which two survive: an over life-size Westminster Abbey portrait (c. 1390), and the Wilton Diptych (1394\u201399), a portable work probably intended to accompany Richard on his Irish campaign."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "While the Westminster Abbey portrait probably shows a good similarity of the king, the Wilton Diptych portrays him as significantly younger than he was at the time; it must be assumed that he had a beard by this point."}, {"section_header": "Downfall", "text": "On 1 October 1399, Richard II was formally deposed."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Meeting little resistance, he deposed Richard and had himself crowned king."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Meanwhile, in 1413, Henry V \u2013 in an effort both to atone for his father's act of murder and to silence the rumours of Richard's survival \u2013 had decided to have the body at King's Langley moved to its final resting place in Westminster Abbey."}, {"section_header": "Character and assessment", "text": "The popular view of Richard has more than anything been influenced by Shakespeare's play about the king, Richard II."}, {"section_header": "Downfall", "text": "It was argued that Richard, through his tyranny and misgovernment, had rendered himself unworthy of being king."}, {"section_header": "Coming of age", "text": "When Richard made him chancellor in 1383, and created him Earl of Suffolk two years later, this antagonised the more established nobility."}, {"section_header": "Second crisis of 1397\u201399", "text": "The period that historians refer to as the \"tyranny\" of Richard II began towards the end of the 1390s."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Here Richard himself had prepared an elaborate tomb, where the remains of his wife Anne were already entombed."}], "text": "Richard II was buried in a sepulcher he had created for himself and the Queen in Westminster Abbey.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Richard II"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Prospero vows that once he achieves his goals, he will set Ariel free, and abandon his magic, saying:  I\u2019ll break my staff,"}], "id": "vf6eJS4pAglTfsI586qF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Caliban, seemingly filled with regret, promises to be good."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Screen", "text": "The Tempest that used Shakespeare's language, but was most notable for its deviations from Shakespeare."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "Two settings of songs from The Tempest which may have been used in performances during Shakespeare's lifetime have survived."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Music", "text": "In Act 3, a psychoanalyst, Mangus, pretends to be Prospero and uses situations from Shakespeare's play in his therapy sessions."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "The Tempest first appeared in print in 1623 in the collection of thirty-six of Shakespeare's plays entitled, Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True and Original Copies, which is known as the First Folio."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and 18th century", "text": "Sir William Davenant's Duke's Company had the rights to perform The Tempest."}, {"section_header": "Text", "text": "At the time, spelling and punctuation was not standardized and will vary from page to page, because each compositor had their individual preferences and styles."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century and beyond", "text": "Performances in England directed by Jonathan Miller and by Clifford Williams explicitly portrayed Prospero as coloniser."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | 19th century", "text": "It was not until William Charles Macready's influential production in 1838 that Shakespeare's text established its primacy over the adapted and operatic versions which had been popular for most of the previous two centuries."}, {"section_header": "Performance history | Literature and art", "text": "The poem uses simple diction to convey Ariel's closeness to nature and \"imitates the straightforward beauty of Shakespeare's original songs\"."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Prospero vows that once he achieves his goals, he will set Ariel free, and abandon his magic, saying:  I\u2019ll break my staff,"}], "text": "In William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero promises to use his spells only for good in the future.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Tempest"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge."}], "id": "vjqJ4PWklZkDslFuM2y9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "The Matrix become a \"real group\", Perry recorded with them."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes", "text": "While Perry's music incorporates pop, rock, and disco, Katy Hudson contains gospel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1999\u20132006: Career beginnings", "text": "While Katy Hudson received positive reviews from critics, it was commercially unsuccessful and sold an estimated 200 copies before the label ceased operations in December."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1984\u20131998: Early life", "text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (n\u00e9e Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007."}, {"section_header": "Tours", "text": "Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) The Complete Confection (2012) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) Smile (2020) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining"}], "text": "Katy Perry real name is Katherine Hudson.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Katy Perry"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, Eleanora Olive (n\u00e9e Jones), was born in Dublin, Ireland."}], "id": "vmXJHzkfWF1rsw7ArN3B", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life | Honours and charity", "text": "Dame Judi is also a long-standing and active Vice President of the national disabled people's charity Revitalise."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He met Dench's mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2015\u20132017", "text": "As Time Goes By. The Dame was sparkly and downright ravishing."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2018\u2013present", "text": "\"outrageously funny film\". In 2019, Dench presented a two-part nature documentary series for the ITV network called Judi Dench's Wild Borneo Adventure in which she and her partner travelled across the island, looking at its remarkable wildlife and efforts by conservationists to preserve it for future generations."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2011\u20132014", "text": "On Dench's performance, The Times commented that \"this is Dench's triumph."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Her mother, Eleanora Olive (n\u00e9e Jones), was born in Dublin, Ireland."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early work", "text": "Her father, a physician, was also the GP for the York theatre, and her mother was its wardrobe mistress."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2011\u20132014", "text": "Hand-picked by Eastwood to play Anna Marie Hoover, Hoover's mother"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Dame Judith Olivia Dench  (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist, and author."}, {"section_header": "Career | Popular success", "text": "Dench's other film of 1997 was Roger Spottiswoode's"}], "text": "Dame Judi Dench's mother was Irish.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Judi Dench"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Musical adaptation", "text": "The original Broadway production opened on 30 October 1949 at the Music Box Theatre and starred Todd Duncan and Inez Matthews."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel was also adapted as a musical called Lost in the Stars (1949), with a book by the American writer Maxwell Anderson and music composed by the German emigre Kurt Weill."}], "id": "vnE2wwFnFtLQ4wCneRqa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a novel by Alan Paton, published in 1948."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a social protest against the structures of the society that would later give rise to apartheid."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": ", the Beloved Country is the detrimental effects of fear on the characters and society of South Africa as indicated in the following quotation from the narrator in Chapter 12: Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear."}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Musical adaptation", "text": "Israeli contratenor David D'Or performed in a stage version at the Israeli National Theater (\"Habima Theater\") in 2004."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "American publisher Bennett Cerf remarked at that year's meeting of the American Booksellers Association that there had been \"only three novels published since the first of the year that were worth reading\u2026 Cry, The Beloved Country, The Ides of March, and The Naked and the Dead.\"Two"}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Musical adaptation", "text": "It was made into a movie, starring Brock Peters and Melba Moore, released in 1974."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "cinema adaptations of the book have been made, the first in 1951 and the second in 1995."}, {"section_header": "Main themes", "text": "Another prevalent theme in Cry"}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations", "text": "School students from across the country were bussed to the capital to see the production."}, {"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Musical adaptation", "text": "The original Broadway production opened on 30 October 1949 at the Music Box Theatre and starred Todd Duncan and Inez Matthews."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel was also adapted as a musical called Lost in the Stars (1949), with a book by the American writer Maxwell Anderson and music composed by the German emigre Kurt Weill."}], "text": "Cry, the Beloved Country has been made into musical theater.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cry, the Beloved Country"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer is a sonnet written by the English Romantic poet John Keats (1795\u20131821) in October 1816."}], "id": "voaOvU3djMB2okrIvcwi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "The \"new planet\" was Uranus, discovered with a telescope in 1781 by William Herschel, Court Astronomer to George III."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer is a sonnet written by the English Romantic poet John Keats (1795\u20131821) in October 1816."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "New Zealand artist Michael Parekowhai created a monumental artwork entitled \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" for the Venice Biennale 2011."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Historian of science Edward B. (Ted) Davis published a pastiche, \"On First, Looking into Chapman's Homer\", about a long home run by Mickey Mantle, in Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 29(1), Fall 2011"}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "The second quatrain introduces \"one wide expanse\" that was ruled by Homer, but which was \"heard of\" rather than known to Keats at first-hand, for Homer wrote in Greek, and Keats, like most cultured Englishmen of his time, was at ease only in Latin."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "While the octave offers the poet as a literary explorer, the volta brings in the discovery of Chapman's Homer"}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "Gilbert Adair wrote a long article entitled \"On First Looking into Chaplin's Humour\"."}, {"section_header": "Analysis", "text": "Keats had been reading William Robertson's History of America and apparently conflated two scenes it described: Balboa's view of the Pacific and Cort\u00e9s's first view of the Valley of Mexico (1519)."}, {"section_header": "Structure", "text": "the image played upon in the octave, the poem undergoes a volta, a change in the persona's train of thought."}, {"section_header": "Cultural references to the poem", "text": "his ball just rise and rise and rise \u2014 Silent, above a park in Washington.\" The title of Patrick Kavanagh's poem \u201cOn Looking into E. V. Rieu's Homer\u201d, about E. V. Rieu's Homer translations, is an allusion on the title of Keats' poem."}], "text": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer is a play that became popular in 1781 by William Herschel.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Cultural influence", "text": "By 2008, it had sold over 6.5 million copies in English."}], "id": "vrAc7d4VN5P4wC9fOspa", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Publication history", "text": "By 1956, the hardcover edition sold over 700,000 copies."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Cultural influence", "text": "By 2008, it had sold over 6.5 million copies in English."}, {"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Effect on Rand's career", "text": "When she was ready to submit Atlas Shrugged to publishers, over a dozen competed to acquire the new book."}, {"section_header": "History | Background and development", "text": "Rand's notes for it contain elements that carried over into her work on The Fountainhead."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Ellsworth Toohey", "text": "He styles himself as representative of the will of the masses, but his actual desire is for power over others."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roark is opposed by what he calls \"second-handers\", who value conformity over independence and integrity."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Ellsworth Toohey", "text": "He controls individual victims by destroying their sense of self-worth, and seeks broader power (over \"the world\", as he declares to Keating in a moment of candor) by promoting the ideals of ethical altruism and a rigorous egalitarianism that treats all people and achievements as equally valuable."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Other adaptations", "text": "The 30-part series began on December 24, 1945, and ran in over 35 newspapers."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Gail Wynand", "text": "In Rand's view, a person like Wynand, who seeks power over others, is as much a \"second-hander\" as a conformist such as Keating."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Individualism", "text": "Nor does it deal with world affairs, although it was written during World War II."}], "text": "Over 5,000,000 Fountainhead's books were distributed and sold all over the world.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Fountainhead"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa."}], "id": "vthyNCeYAyf1uQYQbI8A", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Name", "text": "In Afrikaans it may be called the Anglo-Boereoorlog (\"Anglo-Boer War\"), Tweede Boereoorlog (\"Second Boer War\"), Tweede Vryheidsoorlog (\"Second Freedom War\") or Engelse oorlog (\"English War\").In South Africa it is officially called the South African War."}, {"section_header": "Notable people involved in the Boer War", "text": "Serving in the Royal Canadian Dragoons, he became the most famous Canadian casualty of the Second Boer War."}, {"section_header": "Notable people involved in the Boer War", "text": "Winston Churchill \u2013 Best known as the prime minister of Britain during the main part of the Second World War"}, {"section_header": "Name", "text": "It is also known as the (Second) Anglo-Boer War among some South Africans."}, {"section_header": "Notable people involved in the Boer War", "text": "He received a commission in the South African Light Horse (still working as a correspondent) and witnessed the capture of Ladysmith and Pretoria."}, {"section_header": "Notable people involved in the Boer War | Victoria Cross recipients", "text": "Four Canadian soldiers in the Second Boer War received a Victoria Cross, which is the highest military medal available to soldiers of the Commonwealth and former British Territories."}, {"section_header": "Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 \u2013 May 1902) | Eastern Transvaal", "text": "Two Boer forces fought in this area, one under Botha in the south east and a second under Ben Viljoen in the north east around Lydenburg."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath and analysis", "text": "Although challenged by a Boer rebellion only four years later, they did much to shape South African politics between the two world wars and right up to the present day\"."}, {"section_header": "Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Oath of neutrality", "text": "It is estimated that between 12,000 and 14,000 burghers took this oath between March and June 1900."}], "text": "The Second Boer War was a war between the English and the North African indigenous people of Cairo.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Second Boer War"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "Burton's death left Metallica's future in doubt."}], "id": "vvRpQHfC6fQ2GNVOppur", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Formation and early years (1981\u20131982)", "text": "Although Burton initially declined the offer, by the end of the year, he had accepted on the condition the band move to El Cerrito in the San Francisco Bay Area."}, {"section_header": "History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012\u20132018)", "text": "In January 2015, Metallica announced a \"Metallica Night\" with the San Jose Sharks, which featured a Q&A session with the band and a charity auction benefiting the San Francisco Bay Chapter of the Sierra Club, but no performances."}, {"section_header": "History | St. Anger, Some Kind of Monster and The Videos 1989\u20132004 (2001\u20132007)", "text": "A recording of \"The Ecstasy of Gold\" has been played to introduce Metallica's performances since the 1980s."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "The three remaining members decided Burton would want them to carry on, and with the Burton family's blessings the band sought a replacement."}, {"section_header": "History | Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983\u20131985)", "text": "The other members decided to eject Mustaine from the band because of his drug and alcohol abuse, and violent behavior just before the recording sessions on April 11, 1983."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton (who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "At around sunrise near D\u00f6rarp, Sweden, the bus driver lost control and skidded, which caused the bus to overturn several times."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band."}, {"section_header": "Legacy and influence", "text": "I think they're one of the greatest bands ever.\" Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin said Metallica has been the biggest influence on the band, stating"}, {"section_header": "History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012\u20132018)", "text": "In late October, the band unveiled a new website with an introduction from Ulrich containing footage from the studio of the band working on new material."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career."}, {"section_header": "History | Master of Puppets and Burton's death (1986\u20131987)", "text": "Burton's death left Metallica's future in doubt."}], "text": "Metallica is a Bay Area band that lost a band member in the 1980s.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metallica"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Future | Cultural impact", "text": "During a Five Star Movement event in October 2019, Italian comedian and politician Beppe Grillo gave a speech wearing the Joker's makeup."}], "id": "vyegu66XKvd4OQyg5han", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cast", "text": "Although Batman himself does not appear in Joker, it ends with the murder of Thomas and Martha, which in the comics inspires Bruce to take on the Batman persona."}, {"section_header": "Future | Cultural impact", "text": "In Hong Kong, protesters challenged an emergency decree prohibiting the wearing of masks by wearing those of fictional characters such as the Joker."}, {"section_header": "Future | Cultural impact", "text": "During the 2019\u201320 Lebanese protests, a group of graffiti artists called Ashekm painted a mural of the Joker holding a Molotov cocktail, and it was also reported that there was a Joker facepaint station at the protests in Beirut."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At a public event, Arthur confronts Thomas, who tells him that Penny is delusional and not his biological mother."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "\" Phoenix lost 52 pounds (24 kg) in preparation, and based his laugh on \"videos of people suffering from pathological laughter.\" He also sought to portray a character who audiences could not identify with and did not look to previous Joker actors for inspiration; instead, he read a book about political assassinations so he could understand killers and motivations."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "While the Joker had appeared in several films before, Phillips thought it was possible to produce a new story featuring the character."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Phillips said that while the script's themes may reflect modern society, the film was not intended to be political."}, {"section_header": "Future | Cultural impact", "text": "During a Five Star Movement event in October 2019, Italian comedian and politician Beppe Grillo gave a speech wearing the Joker's makeup."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Arthur is invited to appear on Murray's show due to the unexpected popularity of his comedy routine's clips."}, {"section_header": "Production | Post-production", "text": "One scene that was cut from the film depicted Sophie watching Arthur's appearance on Franklin's show."}], "text": "No political leader has ever yielded to the sweet temptation of wearing Joker inspired  clown facepaint for a public appearance.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Joker (2019 film)"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}], "id": "vzcnB0gFXAObA1ot1pZL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The original manuscript, created around the peak of the Heian period, no longer exists."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "Blue ink common in Teika's manuscript and handwriting analysis confirms that it is indeed by Teika, making it among the 5 original versions of the Aoby\u014dshibon that is known to exist."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "Most remaining manuscripts are based on copies of the Teika manuscript which introduced revisions in the original."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "The Teika manuscript is known as the Aoby\u014dshibon; its edits are more conservative and thought to better represent the original."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "This beppon manuscript is 74 pages in length and differs from Aoby\u014dshi manuscripts in at least four places, raising the \"possibility that the contents may be closer to the undiscovered Murasaki Shikibu original"}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "manuscript\". On October 9, 2019, it was announced that an original copy of Teika's Aoby\u014dshibon was found in Tokyo at the home of the current head of the Okochi-Matsudaira clan, who ran the Yoshida Domain."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "Numerous copies, totaling around 300 according to Ikeda Kikan, exist with differences between each."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "This includes older but incomplete manuscripts, mixed manuscripts derived from both Kawachibon and Aoby\u014dshibon, and commentaries."}, {"section_header": "Manuscripts", "text": "Professor Yamamoto Tokur\u014d, who examined the manuscript said, \"This is a precious discovery as Kamakura manuscripts are so rare.\" Professor Kat\u014d Y\u014dsuke said, \"This is an important discovery as it asserts that non-Teika manuscripts were being read during the Kamakura period.\" On October 29, 2008, Konan Women's University announced that a mid-Kamakura period manuscript was found."}], "text": "The original manuscript no longer exists.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "The Tale of Genji"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In March 2009, Seth Grahame-Smith's Pride and Prejudice and Zombies takes Austen's work and mashes it up with zombie hordes, cannibalism, ninja  and ultraviolent mayhem."}], "id": "w7tCbeUBp27rs06qdpSu", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major themes", "text": "The whole of this unfortunate business, said Dr Lyster, has been the result of PRIDE and PREJUDICE."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Notable television versions include two by the BBC: a 1980 version starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul and the popular 1995 version, starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for money."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Self-knowledge", "text": "Till this moment I never knew myself.\" Other characters rarely exhibit this depth of understanding or at least are not given the space within the novel for this sort of development."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences."}, {"section_header": "Development of the novel", "text": "From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that First Impressions was an epistolary novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "At the ball at Netherfield, Mr. Darcy asks Elizabeth to dance, and, despite her vow never to dance with him, she accepts."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "First Impressions was a 1959 Broadway musical version starring Polly Bergen, Farley Granger, and Hermione Gingold."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In March 2009, Seth Grahame-Smith's Pride and Prejudice and Zombies takes Austen's work and mashes it up with zombie hordes, cannibalism, ninja  and ultraviolent mayhem."}], "text": "Unfortunately, a version of this novel featuring the undead and shinobi assassins has never been writen.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Among the militiamen was 23-year-old Abraham Lincoln, who was elected captain of his company."}], "id": "wGX94tFZjqJgnePhrmzz", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Black Hawk War gave Abraham Lincoln his brief military service, although he saw no combat."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Among the militiamen was 23-year-old Abraham Lincoln, who was elected captain of his company."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "According to Hall, \"the Black Hawk War also involved an intertribal conflict that had smoldered for decades\"."}, {"section_header": "American reorganization", "text": "Abraham Lincoln, for example, reenlisted as a private in an independent company that was taken into federal service."}, {"section_header": "American reorganization", "text": "About 300 men, including Abraham Lincoln, agreed to remain in the field for twenty more days until a new militia force could be organized."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Tribes along the Upper Mississippi had long fought for control of diminishing hunting grounds, and the Black Hawk War provided an opportunity for some Natives to resume a war that had nothing to do with Black Hawk."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Before the Black Hawk War, U.S. policy discouraged intertribal warfare."}, {"section_header": "Background | Sauks divided", "text": "Most Sauks decided to relocate west of the Mississippi rather than become involved in a confrontation with the United States."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "Most accounts of the Black Hawk War focus on the conflict between Black Hawk and the United States, but historian John Hall argues that this overlooks the perspective of many Native American participants."}, {"section_header": "Intertribal war and American policy", "text": "In the 19th century, historian Lyman Draper argued that the Black Hawk War could have been avoided had Forsyth remained as the agent to the Sauks."}], "text": "The Black Hawk War involved Abraham Lincoln.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Black Hawk War"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}], "id": "wKDP2Mlt6HbUw5FTvN78", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The story of High Noon takes place in the Old West"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "They, in fact, tried to ridicule the freedom movement in Poland as an invention of the \"Wild\" West, especially the U.S."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film \u2014 an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train."}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "Fleischer says his RKO contract prevented him from directing High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In any event, respect for the Western hero has not been diminished by High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Production | Casting", "text": "Lee Van Cleef made his film debut in High Noon."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"I made Rio Bravo because I didn't like High Noon\", Hawks explained."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "St. Joseph's Church in Tuolumne City was used for exterior shots of the Hadleyville church."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence", "text": "High Noon is referenced several times on the HBO drama series The Sopranos."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "The opening scenes, under the credits, were shot at Iverson Movie Ranch near Los Angeles."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California."}], "text": "High Noon was shot in the west coast.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "High Noon"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "In 2019, Bach was named the greatest composer of all time in a poll conducted among 174 living composers."}], "id": "wOB1kYLoq2xnOLEglJUD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March ["}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach (1645\u20131693), introduced him to the organ, and an older second cousin, Johann Ludwig Bach (1677\u20131731), was a well-known composer and violinist."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 18th century", "text": "Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a \"patron\" of CPE Bach."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood (1685\u20131703)", "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, in present-day Germany, on 21 March 1685"}, {"section_header": "Reception | 19th century", "text": "Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music."}, {"section_header": "Musical style | Instrumentation", "text": "Similarly, for the cello suites, the virtuoso music seems tailored for the instrument, the best of what is offered for it, yet Bach made an arrangement for lute of one of these suites."}, {"section_header": "Compositions | Orchestral and chamber music | Keyboard concertos", "text": "Bach composed and transcribed concertos for one to four harpsichords."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "In 2019, Bach was named the greatest composer of all time in a poll conducted among 174 living composers."}], "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach is considered the one of the best composers.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Johann Sebastian Bach"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich argues that \"she represents the real causes of the failure of democracy\" as while she has dreams she is unable to figure out what they are, and that she represents \"public apathy\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich describes Mick as representing women and ordinary White Americans, particularly the silent majority."}], "id": "wPeNm8bY2ckRujMDysCm", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication."}, {"section_header": "Title", "text": "\u201cDeep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.\u201d"}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Margaret Margaret \"Mick\" Kelly Mick faces the effects of poverty which force her to not achieve her dreams."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich describes Mick as representing women and ordinary White Americans, particularly the silent majority."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich states that the character represents \"an average, middle class American\" through his passion for democracy, gainful employment, and being \"vaguely patriotic\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Mick instills a sense of toughness in her brothers because she perceives the outside world as requiring strength from individuals."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Hamilton stated that Singer overlooks the negative traits of Antonapoulous and thinks of positive ones, and so \"offers his worship\" to the latter."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "Rich argues that \"she represents the real causes of the failure of democracy\" as while she has dreams she is unable to figure out what they are, and that she represents \"public apathy\"."}], "text": "In The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, the character of Margaret Kelly is understood to represent the positive, can-do spirit of rugged American individualism.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom."}], "id": "wQs72XU3f0TIce4OSRsf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800."}, {"section_header": "Administration | Education reforms", "text": "In 800, Charlemagne enlarged the hostel at the Muristan in Jerusalem and added a library to it."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation", "text": "Charlemagne, advised by scholar Alcuin, travelled to Rome, in November 800 and held a synod."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation", "text": "It led to war in 802, and for centuries to come, the Emperors of both West and East would make competing claims of sovereignty over the whole."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "For both the Pope and Charlemagne, the Roman Empire remained a significant power in European politics at this time."}, {"section_header": "Administration | Political reforms | Divisio regnorum", "text": "Charlemagne then reconsidered the matter, and in 813, crowned his youngest son, Louis, co-emperor and co-King of the Franks, granting him a half-share of the empire and the rest upon Charlemagne's own death."}, {"section_header": "Imperium | Coronation | Debate", "text": "Charles came to believe that the Roman emperor, who claimed to head the world hierarchy of states, was, in reality, no greater than Charles himself, a king as other kings, since beginning in 629 he had entitled himself \"Basileus\" (translated literally as \"king\")."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "Charlemagne was then master of Italy as king of the Lombards."}], "text": "Charlemagne was both a king and an emperor from 768 to 800.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "In choosing an \"English\" over a Classical setting, Gray provided a model for later poets wishing to describe England and the English countryside during the second half of the 18th century."}], "id": "wTsYvIjU2BxxJn8Y1nVc", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "Using that previous material, he began to compose a poem that would serve as an answer to the various questions he was pondering."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751."}, {"section_header": "Genre", "text": "The poem lacks many standard features of the elegy: an invocation, mourners, flowers, and shepherds."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "\"In 1882, Edmund Gosse analyzed the reception of Gray's poem: \"It is curious to reflect upon the modest and careless mode in which that poem was first circulated which was destined to enjoy and to retain a higher reputation in literature than any other English poem perhaps than any other poem of the world written between Milton and Wordsworth.\" He continued by stressing the poem's wide acceptance: \"The fame of the Elegy has spread to all countries and has exercised an influence on all the poetry of Europe, from Denmark to Italy, from France to Russia."}, {"section_header": "Influence | Poetic parallels", "text": "In choosing an \"English\" over a Classical setting, Gray provided a model for later poets wishing to describe England and the English countryside during the second half of the 18th century."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "\" In 1988, Morris Golden, after describing Gray as a \"poet's poet\" and places him \"within the pantheon of those poets with whom familiarity is inescapable for anyone educated in the English language\" declared that in \"the 'Elegy Written in a Country Church-yard,' mankind has felt itself to be directly addressed by a very sympathetic, human voice.\" He later pointed out: \"Gray's 'Elegy' was universally admired in his lifetime and has remained continuously the most popular of mid-eighteenth-century English poems; it is, as Gosse has called it, the standard English poem."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | 20th-century response", "text": "He claimed that the poem \"as the context makes clear\", means that \"18th-century England had no scholarship system of carriere ouverte aux talents."}, {"section_header": "Background", "text": "It was so popular that it was reprinted twelve times and reproduced in many different periodicals until 1765, including in Gray's Six Poems (1753), in his Odes (1757), and in Volume IV of Dodsley's 1755 compilation of poetry."}], "text": "The poem \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\" is a poem that sets the standard to use England as a background for poetry.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}], "id": "wW38dW72AGwdX48brZqc", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "The setting for Goodbye, Mr. Chips is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915\u201318)."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Like Mr. Chips, Balgarnie was a strict disciplinarian, but would also invite boys to visit him for tea and biscuits."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "One of the poignant and bittersweet themes of the book is that Chipping so outlasts all of his peers that his brief marriage fades into myth and few people know him as anything other than a confirmed and lonely bachelor."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips was parodied in the British sketch comedy programmes Hale and Pace (as Piss Off, Mr. Chips) and Big Train."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934."}, {"section_header": "Inspiration", "text": "Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys (1900\u201330), who was in charge of the Leys Fortnightly (in which Hilton's first short stories and essays were published)."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "The novella tells the story of a beloved school teacher, Mr Chipping, and his long tenure at Brookfield School, a fictional minor British boys' public boarding school located in the fictional village of Brookfield, in the Fenlands."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "Mr Chips, as the boys call him, is conventional in his beliefs and exercises firm discipline in the classroom."}, {"section_header": "Plot summary", "text": "On his deathbed, he talks of the fulfillment he felt as a teacher of boys."}], "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is about a strict professor thought to be based on one of the author's own teachers.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "The Quarrymen played a mix of rock and roll and skiffle, a type of popular music with jazz, blues and folk influences."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall f\u00eate in Woolton."}], "id": "waVHq2BZEFQqXVHpuX9d", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "Soon afterwards, the members of the band invited McCartney to join as a rhythm guitarist, and he formed a close working relationship with Lennon."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall f\u00eate in Woolton."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "By May 1960, the band had tried several names, including Johnny and the Moondogs, Beatals and the Silver Beetles."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "The Quarrymen played a mix of rock and roll and skiffle, a type of popular music with jazz, blues and folk influences."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "Harrison joined in 1958 as lead guitarist, followed by Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe on bass, in 1960."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1957\u20131960: The Quarrymen", "text": "They adopted the name the Beatles in August 1960 and recruited drummer Pete Best shortly before a five-engagement residency in Hamburg."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1960\u20131970: The Beatles", "text": "In March 1969, McCartney married his first wife, Linda Eastman, and in August, the couple had their first child, Mary, named after his late mother."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "Later that year, ex-Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "McCartney has a younger brother named Michael and a stepsister named Ruth."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1970\u20131981: Wings", "text": "\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella."}], "text": "McCartney first joined a band named the Quarrymen.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul McCartney"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "In the 1950s, he moved to Los Angeles and began working as a forklift operator."}], "id": "wcgHfr2349cP3hvya8e2", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He drove in the lead run in the 11th inning of the first game, which Hilldale won in 12 innings; after scoring the winning run in a 2\u20131 victory in Game 5, his three hits in the deciding Game 6 clinched the title."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He would play in three more All-Star Games by 1938."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "In 1924, he finished third in the batting race as Hilldale repeated as champions, but lost to the Kansas City Monarchs 5 games to 4 in the first Negro League World Series with Mackey playing third base."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "Mackey's grandson Riley Odoms played 12 seasons for the NFL's Denver Broncos."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "He began playing baseball with his brothers on the Luling Oilers, a Prairie League team, in 1916 in his hometown of Luling."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I got all this from Mackey at a young age.\"Mackey"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920\u20131922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923\u20131931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933\u20131935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936\u20131939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939\u20131941, 1945\u20131947, 1950)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mackey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "When I was a kid in Philadelphia, I saw both Mackey and Mickey Cochrane in their primes, but for real catching skills, I don't think Cochrane was the master of defense that Mackey was."}, {"section_header": "Baseball career", "text": "I gathered quite a bit from Mackey, watching how he did things"}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "In the 1950s, he moved to Los Angeles and began working as a forklift operator."}], "text": "Mackey was employed as a fork hoist driver in California after he stopped playing baseball.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Biz Mackey"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At the estate, Lockwood's orphaned granddaughter Maisie overhears Mills and auctioneer Mr. Eversoll secretly planning to auction the captured dinosaurs on the black market."}], "id": "wfaW464h1gJs77si7gz4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015)."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada", "text": "In December 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Fallen Kingdom was one of the most anticipated films of 2018."}, {"section_header": "Release", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Release | Home media", "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18, 2018."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "The idea of selling weaponized dinosaurs was also in the rejected draft, which Trevorrow had read while writing the first Jurassic World film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,"}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming | Hawaii", "text": "On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Although motion capture was used in the previous film to depict Velociraptor, ILM determined after several tests the technology would not be adequate for depicting dinosaurs in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Writing", "text": "'\"The character of Lowery, a park control-room employee from the previous Jurassic World film, was considered for a return in Fallen Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Production | Creatures on screen", "text": "Initially, the film was to feature two Indoraptors, a white one and a black one, the latter of which would kill the former in what Bayona considered similar to Cain and Abel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At the estate, Lockwood's orphaned granddaughter Maisie overhears Mills and auctioneer Mr. Eversoll secretly planning to auction the captured dinosaurs on the black market."}], "text": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction film about selling dinosaurs on the black market.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A two time World Series winner, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968 via the Veterans Committee."}], "id": "wia8a218i8PJojkngmUR", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "\" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Life after baseball", "text": "I will never forget this. I will take this to my grave."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin tried the shot put, and his throwing arm was never the same afterward."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leon Allen \"Goose\" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder."}, {"section_header": "Goslin's years with the Browns and return to the Senators", "text": "Goslin led the team back to the World Series in 1933."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname \"Goose.\" Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving."}, {"section_header": "The \"G-Men\" lead Detroit to the 1934 and 1935 World Series", "text": "Even though the Senators had made it to the World Series, the team was not making money."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "However, one year during spring training, Goslin wandered to an adjacent field where a track and field team was working out."}, {"section_header": "1928 batting title", "text": "That year, he won the American League batting crown with a career-high .379 batting average."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He won the AL batting title in 1928 with a .379 batting average which set a Washington Senators record."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A two time World Series winner, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968 via the Veterans Committee."}], "text": "Goose Goslin was never part of a team as they won baseball's largest tournament.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Goose Goslin"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock and funk pop band from Los Angeles, California."}], "id": "wjCMzY7kqTYEK3W2Xz6K", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | 2007\u20132008: It Won't Be Soon Before Long", "text": "To support the album, the band performed on a six-date club tour in which it visited small venues in Boston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Miami and New York City in early June 2007."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12."}, {"section_header": "History | 1994\u20132001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5", "text": "On his joining the band, Valentine commented: \"I became friends with them and we sort of started jamming together, it was very much like I was cheating on my band, we were having sort of an affair"}, {"section_header": "History | 2002\u20132006: Songs About Jane and Dusick's departure", "text": "The first single, \"Harder to Breathe\", slowly started to pick up airplay which helped spur sales of the album."}, {"section_header": "History | 2012\u20132013: Overexposed", "text": "hit single \"Call Me Maybe\" for most number of weeks in the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 2012.At the start of their Overexposed Tour in South America, Maroon 5 introduced the newest addition in the band to the audience: their old and close friend Sam Farrar on guitars, occasionally on the bass guitar, percussion, additional keyboards, backing vocals and providing samples and other special effects (using the MPC)."}, {"section_header": "History | 2002\u20132006: Songs About Jane and Dusick's departure", "text": "Maroon 5 played Live 8, in Philadelphia in 2005."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Maroon 5 has been a longtime supporter of Aid Still Required (ASR)."}, {"section_header": "History | 2007\u20132008: It Won't Be Soon Before Long", "text": "On September 6, 2007, Maroon 5 appeared for the Fashion Rocks 2007"}, {"section_header": "History | 2013\u20132016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup", "text": "Despite the name, Maroon 5 has now with seven members of the new lineup."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Maroon 5 supports the Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock and funk pop band from Los Angeles, California."}], "text": "Maroon 5 started in San Francisco.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Maroon 5"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}], "id": "wm0MNBqHH73jyxQxRNX0", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "Egerton published the first edition of Pride and Prejudice in three hardcover volumes on 28 January 1813."}, {"section_header": "Reception | At first publication", "text": "Noted critic and reviewer George Henry Lewes declared that he \"would rather have written Pride and Prejudice, or Tom Jones, than any of the Waverley Novels\"."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 21st century", "text": "In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, Pride and Prejudice came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "However, whereas her first published novel, Sense and Sensibility was presented as being written \"by a Lady,\" Pride and Prejudice was attributed to \"the Author of Sense and Sensibility\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature", "text": "Pride and Prejudice and Poison, Pride and Prejudice and Secrets, Forced to Marry and The Rescue of Elizabeth Bennet."}, {"section_header": "Reception | At first publication", "text": "no bonny beck\". Austen for her part thought the \"playfulness and epigrammaticism\" of Pride and Prejudice was excessive, complaining in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1813 that the novel lacked \"shade\" and should have had a chapter \"of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story; an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott or the history of Bounapart\u00e9\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication history", "text": "Pride and Prejudice was first published in the United States in August 1832 as Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice."}, {"section_header": "Major themes | Class", "text": "Pride and Prejudice is hardly the exception."}, {"section_header": "Reception | 20th century", "text": "Walter Scott wrote in his journal \"Read again and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice..\" The American scholar Claudia Johnson defended the novel from the criticism that it has an unrealistic fairy-tale quality."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations | Film, television and theatre", "text": "Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations."}], "text": "Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813 and has since been modified.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Pride and Prejudice"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}], "id": "wmq1kIzbgAO22aeWOmfV", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Years of wandering", "text": "With the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour nearing completion in Moscow in 1880, the 25th anniversary of the coronation of Alexander II in 1881, and the 1882 Moscow Arts and Industry Exhibition in the planning stage, Nikolai Rubinstein suggested that Tchaikovsky compose a grand commemorative piece."}, {"section_header": "Life | Years of wandering", "text": "Two musical works from this period stand out."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}, {"section_header": "Music | Compositional style | Structure", "text": "Within this outline, the focus centered on periodic alternation and juxtaposition."}, {"section_header": "Life | Civil service; pursuing music | Growing fame; budding opera composer", "text": "During the late 1860s, Tchaikovsky began to compose operas."}, {"section_header": "Life | Civil service; pursuing music | Growing fame; budding opera composer", "text": "Other works of this period include the Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra, the Third and Fourth Symphonies, the ballet Swan Lake, and the opera Eugene Onegin."}, {"section_header": "Life | Return to Russia", "text": "During this period, Tchaikovsky also began promoting Russian music as a conductor, In January 1887, he substituted, on short notice, at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow for performances of his opera Cherevichki."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "He sought the company of other men in his circle for extended periods, \"associating openly and establishing professional connections with them\"."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "D\u00fcrbach saved much of Tchaikovsky's work from this period, including his earliest known compositions, and became a source of several childhood anecdotes."}, {"section_header": "Life | Civil service; pursuing music | Growing fame; budding opera composer", "text": "Between these projects, Tchaikovsky started to compose an opera called Mandragora, to a libretto by Sergei Rachinskii; the only music he completed was a short chorus of Flowers and Insects."}], "text": "Tchaikovsky was a composer of the Industrial Revolution period.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Origin and publication", "text": "A decade before the publication of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and the sequel Through the Looking-Glass, Carroll wrote the first stanza to what would become \"Jabberwocky\" while in Croft on Tees, close to Darlington, where he lived as a child."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}], "id": "wnSXIFzZGewmoW1MgCci", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Music, film and video games", "text": "A song called \"Beware the Jabberwock\" was written for Disney's Alice in Wonderland, however it was discarded, replaced with \"'Twas Brillig\", sung by the Cheshire Cat, that includes the first stanza of \"Jabberwocky\"."}, {"section_header": "Music, film and video games", "text": "\"The Jabberwocky\" (rather than \"The Jabberwock\") is a central character in Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), voiced by Christopher Lee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky \" is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Jabberwocky\" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named \"the Jabberwock\"."}, {"section_header": "Music, film and video games", "text": "The poem was a source of inspiration for Jan \u0160vankmajer's 1971 short film Jabberwocky, and Terry Gilliam's 1977 film of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "Lithe' is the same as 'active'."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was included in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."}, {"section_header": "Possible interpretations of words", "text": "called a 'wa-be' because it \"goes a long way before it, and a long way behind it\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In an early scene in which she first encounters the chess piece characters White King and White Queen, Alice finds a book written in a seemingly unintelligible language."}, {"section_header": "Translations | History", "text": "Full translations of \"Jabberwocky\" into French and German can be found in The Annotated Alice along with a discussion of why some translation decisions were made."}, {"section_header": "Origin and publication", "text": "A decade before the publication of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and the sequel Through the Looking-Glass, Carroll wrote the first stanza to what would become \"Jabberwocky\" while in Croft on Tees, close to Darlington, where he lived as a child."}], "text": "The poem Jabberwocky has a monster and was written by the same author of Alice in Wonderland.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jabberwocky"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school."}], "id": "wq10u1MCWVhi1EkYkrQs", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 \u2013 May 28, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ACLU).In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She was a radical pragmatist and the first woman \"public philosopher\" in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "When Addams died in 1935, she was the best-known female public figure in the United States."}, {"section_header": "Hull House | Feminine ideals", "text": "Addams led the \"garbage wars\"; in 1894 she became the first woman appointed as sanitary inspector of Chicago's 19th Ward."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "She worked with American philosopher, George H. Mead, and John Dewey on social reform issues, including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "During the Great Depression, Boyd worked with the Recreational Project in the Works Progress Administration, (WPA) as The Chicago Training School for Playground Workers, which subsequently became the foundation for the Recreational Therapy and Educational Drama movements in the U.S."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Remembrances", "text": "Chicago activist Jan Lisa Huttner traveled throughout Illinois as Director of International Relations for AAUW-Illinois to help publicize the date, and later gave annual presentations about Jane Addams Day in costume as Jane Addams."}], "text": "Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 \u2013 May 28, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author who became the first woman to receive an honorary degree from Yale.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jane Addams"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "There are two entrances to the bridge's pedestrian promenade on either side."}], "id": "wqDW57Z3GpZFZ91N9JkJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "A center line was painted to separate cyclists from pedestrians in 1971, creating one of the city's first dedicated bike lanes."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "Pedestrian and bicycle access to the bridge from the Brooklyn side is from either the median of Adams Street at its intersection with Tillary Street or a staircase near Prospect Street between Cadman Plaza East and West."}, {"section_header": "Description | Cables | Anchorages", "text": "The anchorages both have four anchor plates, one for each of the main cables, which are located near ground level and parallel to the ground."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "Vehicular access to the bridge is provided by a complex series of ramps on both sides of the bridge."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "In Manhattan, the pedestrian walkway is accessible from crosswalks at the intersection of the bridge and Centre Street, or through a staircase leading to Park Row."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "Initially, the northern side of the promenade was used by pedestrians and the southern side by cyclists."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway", "text": "In 2000, these were swapped, with cyclists taking the northern side and pedestrians taking the southern side."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic | Exits and entrances", "text": "There are two entrances to the bridge's pedestrian promenade on either side."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Walkway | Emergency use", "text": "Pedestrians also walked across the bridge as an alternative to suspended subway services following the 1965, 1977, and 2003 blackouts, and after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center."}, {"section_header": "Usage | Vehicular traffic", "text": "Originally, each of the two roadways carried two lanes of a different direction of traffic."}], "text": "The pedestrians can access to four walking lanes of the Brooklyn Bridge on each side.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "She almost drowned, caught influenza, suffered from hypothermia, and had bruises on her arms and knees."}], "id": "wrafbkwnHts9CUYppjYl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Winslet's third film release of 2001 was the animated film Christmas Carol: The Movie, based on Charles Dickens' novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "She performed the song \" What If\" for the soundtrack of her film Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001)."}, {"section_header": "Early life and initial stage and television roles", "text": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (n\u00e9e Bridges) and Roger John Winslet."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2012\u2013present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs", "text": "A short part that she had filmed four years earlier for the anthology film Movie 43 was her sole screen appearance of 2012, and it received the worst reviews of her career."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Winslet did not view Titanic as a platform for bigger salaries."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Winslet was keen on playing Rose DeWitt Bukater, a socialite aboard the ill-fated RMS Titanic, in James Cameron's epic romance Titanic (1997)."}, {"section_header": "Artistry", "text": "A journalist for Elle believes her choices reflect the \"soul and attitude of a jobbing actress, trapped in the body of a movie star\"."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Against expectations, Titanic went on to become the highest-grossing film of all time to that point, earning over US$2 billion in box-office receipts worldwide, and established Winslet as a global star."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "Hideous Kinky, a low-budget drama shot before the release of Titanic, was Winslet's sole film release of 1998."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1997\u20132003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features", "text": "She almost drowned, caught influenza, suffered from hypothermia, and had bruises on her arms and knees."}], "text": "Kate Winslet had the flu while filming the movie Titanic.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Kate Winslet"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas / corpora; Metamorphosis or transformation is a unifying theme amongst the episodes of the Metamorphoses."}], "id": "wtSM4Wwgr09k553ZTIRf", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorph\u014dse\u014dn libr\u012b: \"Books of Transformations\") is an 8 AD Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas / corpora; Metamorphosis or transformation is a unifying theme amongst the episodes of the Metamorphoses."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "The ending acts as a declaration that everything except his poetry\u2014even Rome\u2014must give way to change: The different genres and divisions in the narrative allow the Metamorphoses to display a wide range of themes."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "Scholar Stephen M. Wheeler notes that \"metamorphosis, mutability, love, violence, artistry, and power are just some of the unifying themes that critics have proposed over the years\"."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "Accompanying this theme is often violence, inflicted upon a victim whose transformation becomes part of the natural landscape."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "Ovid raises its significance explicitly in the opening lines of the poem: In nova fert animus"}, {"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "The metamorphoses themselves are often located metatextually within the poem, through grammatical or narratorial transformations."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Metamorphosis", "text": "This theme amalgamates the much-explored opposition between the hunter and the hunted and the thematic tension between art and nature."}, {"section_header": "Contents", "text": "The Metamorphoses ends with an epilogue (Book XV.871\u20139), one of only two surviving Latin epics to do so (the other being Statius' Thebaid)."}, {"section_header": "Sources and models", "text": "The model for a collection of metamorphosis myths derived from a pre-existing genre of metamorphosis poetry in the Hellenistic tradition, of which the earliest known example is Boio(s)' Ornithogonia\u2014a now-fragmentary poem collecting myths about the metamorphoses of humans into birds."}], "text": "Metamorphosis is a theme in the the Latin narrative poem.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Metamorphoses"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Johnston also introduced Puyi to the telephone, which Puyi soon became addicted to, phoning people in Beijing at random just to hear their voices on the other end."}], "id": "wwOkK3x9XxJFNPRPnLp1", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi had known of what was being planned for Wanrong's baby, and in what Behr called a supreme act of \"cowardice\" on his part, \"did nothing\"."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Behr wrote:  The more fulsome, clich\u00e9-ridden chapters in From Emperor to Citizen, dealing with Puyi's prison experiences, and written at the height of the Mao personality cult, give the impression of well-learned, regurgitated lessons."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He tried very hard to be modest and humble, always being the last person to board a bus, which meant that he frequently missed the ride, and in restaurants would tell waitresses, \"You should not be serving me."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Puyi was frightened by the scene before him and the deafening sounds of ceremonial drums and music, and started crying."}, {"section_header": "Names and titles", "text": "The personal translator of the captured emperor, Georgy Permyakov, in his memoir Emperor Puyi."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "At one point, Puyi was taken to Harbin and Pingfang to see where the infamous Unit 731, the chemical and biological warfare unit in the Japanese Army, had conducted gruesome experiments on people."}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "After applying to the Chinese authorities for a divorce, the government responded on her next prison visit by showing her to a room with a double bed and ordered her to reconcile with Puyi, and she said the couple obeyed the order."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "Puyi liked Li, but his main interest continued to be his pageboys, as he later wrote: \"These actions of mine go to show how cruel, mad, violent and unstable I was.\"For"}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "Puyi was the weakest and most hapless of the prisoners, and was often bullied by the other prisoners, who liked to humiliate the emperor, and he might not have survived his imprisonment had the warden Jin Yuan not gone out of his way to protect him."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932\u20131945)", "text": "He resented being \"Head of State\" and then \"Emperor of Manchukuo\" rather than being fully restored as a Qing Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Johnston also introduced Puyi to the telephone, which Puyi soon became addicted to, phoning people in Beijing at random just to hear their voices on the other end."}], "text": "Puyi would call arbitrary persons in order to be able to experience what they sound like.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 8, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The winning farmer, Arthur Hoggett, brings him home and allows him to stay with a Border Collie named Fly, her mate Rex and their puppies, in the barn."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Babe, an orphaned piglet, is chosen for a \"guess the weight\" contest at a county fair."}], "id": "wySoEV0OGrJL0aM5ljpm", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "One morning, Babe is awakened by the sheep's cries and finds three dogs attacking them."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Rex is then chained to the dog house, muzzled and sedated, leaving the sheep herding job to Babe."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smith's 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe: The Gallant Pig in the US, which tells the story of a pig raised as livestock who wants to do the work of a sheepdog."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2006, the American Film Institute named Babe #80 on its list of America's Most Inspiring Movies."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The next day, Hoggett sees Babe sort"}, {"section_header": "Production", "text": "48 different pigs were used for the part of Babe."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "While he sits down next to the farmer, Hoggett praises him with the standard command to sheep dogs that their job is done, \"That'll do, Pig."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Babe is almost chosen for Christmas dinner, but a duck is picked instead after Hoggett remarks to his wife Esme that Babe may bring a prize for ham at the next county fair."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hoggett arrives and, thinking that Babe killed her, prepares to shoot him."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The winning farmer, Arthur Hoggett, brings him home and allows him to stay with a Border Collie named Fly, her mate Rex and their puppies, in the barn."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Babe, an orphaned piglet, is chosen for a \"guess the weight\" contest at a county fair."}], "text": "In the film Babe, Babe is raised by dogs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory."}], "id": "x1bKgphwJQqzzuNXZCDo", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle called it the battle \"at the hoary apple tree\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The battle was already being referred to as \"bellum Hasestingas\" or \"Battle of Hastings\" by 1086, in the Domesday Book."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual \u2013 there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings."}, {"section_header": "William's preparations and landing | Norman forces at Hastings", "text": "the Conqueror are extant, but most are padded with extra names; only about 35 named individuals can be reliably identified as having been with William at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "Some accounts of the battle indicate that the Normans advanced from Hastings to the battlefield, but the contemporary account of William of Jumi\u00e8ges places the Normans at the site of the battle the night before."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Feigned flights", "text": "Some historians have argued that the story of the use of feigned flight as a deliberate tactic was invented after the battle; however most historians agree that it was used by the Normans at Hastings."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000\u20138,000 English troops."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "The battle took place 7 miles (11 km) north of Hastings at the present-day town of Battle, between two hills \u2013 Caldbec Hill to the north and Telham Hill to the south."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory."}], "text": "The Battle of Hastings was won by the Saxons.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Journals", "text": "The Spanish authorities confiscated Pike's journals, which were not recovered by the United States from Mexico until the 1900s."}], "id": "x2XubHMJ6rMX35wG3UxO", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Military career | First Pike Expedition", "text": "Pike's was the second expedition dispatched by the government into its new territory, and the first to return."}, {"section_header": "Journals", "text": "In some eastern regions of North America a tradition or legend pervades often referred to as The Lost City of Palanor or Zebulon's Amulet which has been attributed to Pike's journals."}, {"section_header": "Journals", "text": "For example, he described the politics in Chihuahua, which led to the Mexican independence movement, and described trade conditions in the Spanish territories of New Mexico and Chihuahua, which contributed to development of the Santa Fe Trail."}, {"section_header": "Military career", "text": "In 1796 Pike shadowed the expedition of General Georges Henri Victor Collot, a French officer who had been tasked to tour the Mississippi frontier and draw maps that France might use if it were to try and seize this lightly settled territory from the nascent USA."}, {"section_header": "Journals", "text": "The Spanish authorities confiscated Pike's journals, which were not recovered by the United States from Mexico until the 1900s."}], "text": "The Mexican government seized Zebulon's diaries.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Zebulon Pike"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman practised no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying \"it's more of a challenge\"."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman was born January 26, 1925, in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the second son of Theresa Garth (n\u00e9e Fetzer, Fetzko, or Fetsko; Slovak: Ter\u00e9zia Feckov\u00e1; 1894\u20131982) and Arthur Sigmund Newman Sr. (1893\u20131950), who ran a sporting goods store."}], "id": "x2dZ0TRQxeMhz7H5DVVU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008 production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008, citing his health concerns."}, {"section_header": "Career | 21st century roles", "text": "While not in the second film Cars 2 (2011), his voice was later used in the third film, (which was done through the use of archive recordings) Cars 3 (2017), for which he received billing, almost nine years after his death."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "A. E. Hotchner, who partnered in the 1980s with Newman to start Newman's Own, told the Associated Press in an interview in mid-2008 that Newman had told him about being afflicted with the disease about 18 months earlier."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman was born January 26, 1925, in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the second son of Theresa Garth (n\u00e9e Fetzer, Fetzko, or Fetsko; Slovak: Ter\u00e9zia Feckov\u00e1; 1894\u20131982) and Arthur Sigmund Newman Sr. (1893\u20131950), who ran a sporting goods store."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "two daughters, Susan (born 1953) and Stephanie Kendall (born 1954)."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Paul Newman remained a friend of the company until his death and discussed at numerous times possible productions in which he could star with his wife, Joanne Woodward."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman practised no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying \"it's more of a challenge\"."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "In June 2008, it was widely reported in the press that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment for the condition at the Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "Newman's spokesman told the press that the star was \"doing nicely\", but neither confirmed nor denied that he had cancer."}, {"section_header": "Illness and death", "text": "The actor was a heavy cigarette smoker until he quit in 1986.Newman"}], "text": "Newman was a shaker born in the Pennsylvania Amish country with parents who exercised a religion that didn't believe in using modern medicine in times of illness before their death.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}], "id": "x3azmCyDisrEhpvAG0W9", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "His first love was reportedly Sergey Kireyev, a younger fellow student at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May 1840 \u2013 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period."}, {"section_header": "Life | Personal life", "text": "According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's \"strongest, longest and purest love\"."}, {"section_header": "Tchaikovsky's voice", "text": "According to musicologist Leonid Sabaneyev, Tchaikovsky was not comfortable with being recorded for posterity and tried to shy away from it."}, {"section_header": "Music | Aesthetic impact", "text": "Tchaikovsky also used the polonaise frequently, the dance being a musical code for the Romanov dynasty and a symbol of Russian patriotism."}, {"section_header": "Music | Reception | Dedicatees and collaborators", "text": "Tchaikovsky's relationship with collaborators was mixed."}, {"section_header": "Music | Reception | Critics", "text": "\"Tchaikovsky is being viewed again as a composer of the first rank, writing music of depth, innovation and influence,\" according to cultural historian and author Joseph Horowitz."}, {"section_header": "Life | Belyayev circle and growing reputation", "text": "This relationship lasted until Tchaikovsky's death."}, {"section_header": "Life | Childhood", "text": "His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (n\u00e9 Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka."}], "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Czechoslovakian writer that was reported to be in a relationship with Sergey Kireyev.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Publication", "text": "The title, Twice-Told Tales, was based on a line from William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John (Act 3, scene 4): \"Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale, / Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man."}], "id": "xD1KlxWdQgjrtfR6Y2Nq", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "The title, Twice-Told Tales, was based on a line from William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John (Act 3, scene 4): \"Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale, / Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}], "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection that got its title from a play from Shakespeare.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}], "id": "xGJGbocXoUTDQygLDAP2", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Vaudeville career", "text": "He was billed as \"King Kelly, the Monarch of the Baseball Field.\" His trousers and shirt collar were too big and he buttoned his jacket wrong."}, {"section_header": "Slide, Kelly, Slide!", "text": "His own autobiography, Play Ball, was the first written by a baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Casey at the Bat", "text": "\" Thayer, as a baseball reporter for the San Francisco Examiner, had seen Kelly play after the 1887 season, when he was on a playing tour to San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "Career in Boston", "text": "It was in Boston that Mike became \"King\" Kelly, although he was still overwhelmingly referred to as \"Mike\" or \"The Only\" in contemporaneous reporting."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Michael Joseph \"King\" Kelly (December 31, 1857 \u2013 November 8, 1894), also commonly known as \"$10,000 Kelly\", was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Kelly's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888, the first autobiography by a baseball player; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. \"Jack\" Drohan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Kelly also became a vaudeville performer during his playing career, first performing in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball poem \"Casey at the Bat\", sometimes butchering it."}, {"section_header": "Early career", "text": "By 1873, the fifteen-year-old Kelly was good enough to be invited to play baseball on Blondie Purcell's amateur team in Paterson, which played teams throughout the New York metro area, including the Brooklyn Atlantics from the National Association."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Palace Theatre. The London Gaiety Girls, Chaperoned by King Kelly, the Famous $10,000 Base Ballist.\" During the week, his name was deleted when he was too ill to appear."}, {"section_header": "Later career", "text": "Mike has a great many friends in every town where baseball is played and it will be bad policy on the magnates' [owners'] part to retire him from the game which he has adorned so long."}], "text": "King Kelly played all baseball positions.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "King Kelly"}
{"category": "Science", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), for which R=H, and the next is ethanol, for which R=CH3, the methyl group."}], "id": "xKSxcdUmfPp3urxu9sze", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Occurrence in nature", "text": "More complex alcohols are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Deprotonation", "text": "In the gas phase, alcohols are more acidic than in water."}, {"section_header": "Reactions | Nucleophilic substitution", "text": "an alcohol is deoxygenated to an alkane with tributyltin hydride or a trimethylborane-water complex in a radical substitution reaction."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties", "text": "Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons."}, {"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "Methanol and ethanol are less acutely toxic."}, {"section_header": "Toxicity", "text": "In this way methanol will be excreted intact in urine."}, {"section_header": "Physical properties", "text": "Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "In archaic nomenclature, alcohols can be named as derivatives of methanol using \"-carbinol\" as the ending."}, {"section_header": "Production | Biological routes | Hydrolysis", "text": "The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction of alkenes are more reliable in organic synthesis."}, {"section_header": "Nomenclature | Common names", "text": "The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), for which R=H, and the next is ethanol, for which R=CH3, the methyl group."}], "text": "The more complex main alcohol is methanol.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Alcohol"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"To His Coy Mistress\" is a Cavalier poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621\u20131678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649\u201360)."}], "id": "xNUKlMt4kTNshqvuyyEW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Structure", "text": "The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and rhymes in couplets."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"To His Coy Mistress\" is a Cavalier poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621\u20131678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649\u201360)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Although the date of its composition is not known, it may have been written in the early 1650s."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "He could spend centuries admiring each part of her body and her resistance to his advances (i.e., coyness) would not discourage him."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "The most famous is Robert Penn Warren's 1950 novel World Enough and Time: A Romantic Novel, about murder in early-19th-century Kentucky."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It was published posthumously in 1681.This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "Some critics believe the poem is an ironic statement on sexual seduction."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "The logical form of the poem runs: if... but... therefore.... Until recently, \"To His Coy Mistress\" had been received by many as a poem that follows the traditional conventions of carpe diem love poetry."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception and themes", "text": "They reject the idea that Marvell's poem carries a serious and solemn mood."}, {"section_header": "Allusions in other works", "text": "In his poem, the speaker, lying on the ground at sunset, feels \"the rising of the night\"."}], "text": "The poem was written in the mid seventeenth century.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "To His Coy Mistress"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}], "id": "xPSrVYjPnBmAXZFJreiB", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The company was valued at $78 billion and is considered one of the most valuable unicorns in the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao (\"Headlines\"), is a content platform in China and around the world."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: \u5b57\u8282\u8df3\u52a8; pinyin: Z\u00ecji\u00e9 Ti\u00e0od\u00f2ng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of November 2018, ByteDance had over 800 million daily active users (over 1 billion accumulated users) across all of its content platforms."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "On November 9, 2017, ByteDance acquired social media start-up Musical.ly for up to US$1 billion."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China ordered ByteDance to take down its office collaboration tool called Feishu because it could be used to circumvent internet censorship."}, {"section_header": "Products | Neihan Duanzi", "text": "In response to Neihan Duanzi's shutdown, founder Zhang Yiming issued a letter stating that the app was \"incommensurate with socialist core values\" and promised that ByteDance would \"further deepen cooperation\" with the authorities to promote their policies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Since 1 June 2020, Mayer has been serving as the CEO of TikTok and the COO of ByteDance, reporting directly to the company CEO Zhang Yiming."}, {"section_header": "Products | Toutiao", "text": "An often cited example is \"Zhuguan Baba\" (\u732a\u500c\u5df4\u5df4), a young pig farmer in Northern China whose posts on how to raise pigs attracted millions of readers on Toutiao."}, {"section_header": "Products | Other products", "text": "On March 4, 2020, the company officially launched the app, which it described as a \"social music streaming app\"."}], "text": "ByteDance is an Asian company that is headquartered in China and is valued over a billion dollars.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "ByteDance"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Game shows", "text": "Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981."}], "id": "xT2GmuUL8GYqT6dfzuc6", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "Sutton was selected to the Major League Baseball All-Star Game four times in the 1970s."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Sutton ultimately reported to Oakland 12 days late for spring training."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Late in the 1982 season, the Astros sent Sutton to the Milwaukee Brewers for Kevin Bass, Frank DiPino and Mike Madden."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "At the time Sutton was born his father was 18 and his mother was 15."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He won a total of 324 games, 58 of them shutouts with five of them one-hitters and 10 two-hitters, seven which were shutouts, and he is seventh on baseball's all-time strikeout list with 3,574."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "In 1997, Sutton appeared on the National Baseball Hall of Fame ballot for the fourth time."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "Sutton holds another record: seven times in his career, he pitched nine scoreless innings but got a no-decision."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "After the baseball strike interrupted the season, Sutton returned with seven wins and one loss."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career", "text": "They lost the 1974 World Series four games to one, with Sutton earning the only win for the team."}, {"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career", "text": "During his time in Los Angeles, he set a team record for career wins."}, {"section_header": "Game shows", "text": "Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981."}], "text": "Sutton was a guest on a popular game-show from the late 1970s a few times.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 1, "wikipedia_page": "Don Sutton"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}], "id": "xTbUylRvxGzD5V8ouCh1", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "He refused this opportunity because of his loyalty to McClellan and the fact that he understood his own lack of military experience, and detached part of his corps in support of Maj."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Ambrose attended Liberty Seminary as a young boy, but his education was interrupted when his mother died in 1841; he was apprenticed to a local tailor, eventually becoming a partner in the business."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "The participants were vessels of the United States Navy's North Atlantic Blockading Squadron opposed by vessels of the Confederate Navy's Mosquito Fleet; the latter were supported by a shore-based battery of four guns at Cobb's Point (now called Cobb Point) near the southeastern border of the town."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | North Carolina", "text": "The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition."}, {"section_header": "Honors", "text": "Burnside, Wisconsin is named for the general."}, {"section_header": "Early military career", "text": "After leaving the Regular Army, Burnside devoted his time and energy to the manufacture of the famous firearm that bears his name: the Burnside carbine."}, {"section_header": "Assessment and legacy", "text": "Bruce Catton summarized Burnside: ... Burnside had repeatedly demonstrated that it had been a military tragedy to give him a rank higher than colonel."}, {"section_header": "Civil War | Fredericksburg", "text": "Gen. Joseph Hooker, whom Burnside disliked."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872."}], "text": "Ambrose Burnside supported the NRA.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ambrose Burnside"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Her intended target was Whammer, but after Hobbs struck him out, her attention shifts to Hobbs."}], "id": "xVXROJRSaZCrVIPi7xdb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In fact, she is a lunatic obsessed with shooting the best baseball player."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Once Roy gets his first chance at bat, however, he proves to be a true \"natural\" at the game."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Her intended target was Whammer, but after Hobbs struck him out, her attention shifts to Hobbs."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hobbs remains quiet even after Mercy offers five thousand dollars, telling him that, \"all the public is entitled to is my best game of baseball."}, {"section_header": "Major characters", "text": "Roy Hobbs \u2013 \u201cThe Natural\u201d \u2013 A former teenage pitching phenomenon whose career was sidelined and dreams were derailed when he was seriously injured after a meeting with a mysterious woman who shoots him as he travels to Chicago to try out for a Major League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel picks up 16 years later in the dugout of the New York Knights, a fictional National League baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Iris tells Roy that she is pregnant with his child, and now he is determined to do his best for their future."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Hobbs dismisses the warning, but soon after, he falls into a hitting slump."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Pop is disappointed with Baily, who has not been hustling and decides to teach him a lesson by pinch-hitting for him."}], "text": "A part of the plot for the novel, The Natural, the protagonist gets hit by a bullet because he struck out the best player in baseball.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Natural"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "In 1979, Sergio Rapu Haoa and a team of archaeologists discovered that the hemispherical or deep elliptical eye sockets were designed to hold coral eyes with either black obsidian or red scoria pupils."}], "id": "xZoJ8N427jpkEtiQmbbi", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Mo\u02bbai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: mo\u00e1i, Rapa Nui: mo\u02bbai, meaning \"statue\" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "\" The competition for grandest statue was ever prevalent in the culture of the Easter Islanders."}, {"section_header": "Description", "text": "Though mo\u02bbai are whole-body statues, they are often referred to as \"Easter Island heads\" in some popular literature."}, {"section_header": "History | Birdman cult", "text": "Originally, Easter Islanders had a paramount chief or single leader."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics", "text": "Easter Island statues are known for their large, broad noses and strong chins, along with rectangle-shaped ears and deep eye slits."}, {"section_header": "Preservation and restoration", "text": "The EISP (Easter Island Statue Project) conducted research and documentation on many of the mo\u02bbai on Rapa Nui and the artifacts held in museums overseas."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "If correct, it can be inferred that the fallen road mo\u02bbai were the result of the teams of balancers being unable to keep the statue upright, and it was presumably not possible to lift the statues again once knocked over."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "Subsequently, previously uncategorized finds in the Easter Island museum were re-examined and recategorized as eye fragments."}, {"section_header": "History | Transportation", "text": "Despite the early end to the experiment, Thor Heyerdahl estimated that this method for a 20-tonne statue over Easter Island terrain would allow 320 feet (100 m) per day."}, {"section_header": "Description | Symbolism | Markings", "text": "Those mo\u02bbai that are less eroded typically have designs carved on their backs and posteriors."}, {"section_header": "Description | Characteristics | Eyes", "text": "In 1979, Sergio Rapu Haoa and a team of archaeologists discovered that the hemispherical or deep elliptical eye sockets were designed to hold coral eyes with either black obsidian or red scoria pupils."}], "text": "The Moai statues of Easter Island were designed so that coconuts could be inserted to serve as eyeballs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Moai"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: \" And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me\", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The song has since become a jazz standard, having been recorded by Grant Green, Fats Waller, Archie Shepp, Hampton Hawes and many others."}], "id": "xa54tu8QWAmXgJS6D648", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is featured in the chorus of the John Craigie song, \"Will Not Fight\" (2009)."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The phrase \"Go Down Moses\" is sung by Pops Staples in the song \"The Weight\" in The Last Waltz film by The Band (1976)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: \" And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me\", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The song has since become a jazz standard, having been recorded by Grant Green, Fats Waller, Archie Shepp, Hampton Hawes and many others."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature", "text": "William Faulkner titled his novel Go Down, Moses (1942) after the song."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "Let My People Go: The Song of the Contrabands\", and arranged by Horace Waters."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Going \"down\" to Egypt is derived from the Bible; the Old Testament recognizes the Nile Valley as lower than Jerusalem and the Promised Land; thus, going to Egypt means going \"down\" while going away from Egypt"}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The usual lyric is actually \"Go down Miss Moses\"."}, {"section_header": "\"Oh! Let My People Go\"", "text": "The opening verse, as recorded by Lockwood, is:  Sarah Bradford's authorized biography of Harriet Tubman, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman (1869), quotes Tubman as saying she used \"Go Down Moses\" as one of two code songs fugitive slaves used to communicate when fleeing Maryland."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "\"Go Down Moses\" has sometimes been called \"Let My People Go\" and performed by a variety of musical artists, including RebbeSoul"}], "text": "The phrase Go Down Moses\" comes from Exodus but can be found in many songs.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Go Down, Moses"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack", "text": "It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, Greenwood's first Oscar nomination."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The subsequent weekend, following the announcement of its six Oscar nominations, and having added an additional 125 theaters, the film grossed $2.9 million."}], "id": "xc6WhdjVaL6oHhRH0zLl", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists", "text": "The film can, and does, but the picture is so hackneyed \u2212 pram, baby, walk in the park \u2212 that it has to be a dream, or an irony.\" Phantom Thread was listed on many critics' top ten lists for 2017."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread premiered in New York City on December 11, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack", "text": "It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, Greenwood's first Oscar nomination."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 91% based on 338 reviews, with an average rating of 8.48/10."}, {"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack", "text": "That was a big thing. When people think of a period movie it becomes this beautifully polished, amazingly photographed\u2014I mean, The Crown looks beautiful\u2014but super clean, gorgeous light, and he was clear it couldn't look like that.\" The soundtrack was composed by Jonny Greenwood, who had previously worked with Anderson on the soundtracks for"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Phantom Thread's finely woven narrative is filled out nicely by humor, intoxicating romantic tension, and yet another impressively committed performance from Daniel Day-Lewis."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"The A.V. Club's A. A. Dowd gave the film an A\u2212, calling it a \"charitable and even poignantly hopeful take on the subject [of being in a relationship with an artist]\" and said that \"in the simple, refined timelessness of its technique, Phantom Thread is practically a love letter to classic aesthetic values\u2014cinematic, sartorial, or otherwise.\" Observer critic Mark Kermode gave the film five stars, describing it as \"a deftly spun yarn,\" and praised Daniel Day-Lewis' performance, calling his role as a \"perfect fit [in a] beautifully realised tale of 50s haute couture."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Phantom Thread grossed $21.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $47.8 million, against a production budget of $35 million."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film received acclaim for its acting, screenplay, direction, musical score, costume design, and production values."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The subsequent weekend, following the announcement of its six Oscar nominations, and having added an additional 125 theaters, the film grossed $2.9 million."}], "text": "The soundtrack received an Oscar nod and Phantom Thread got many other nods after 2017 critical reviews.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Phantom Thread"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, written by both, narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne, and starring James Cromwell and Magda Szubanski with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Miriam Margolyes, Hugo Weaving, and Danny Mann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}], "id": "xjHia3CfO0c3mHILtQjR", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The ruling was overturned almost a year later and the film was released direct-to-video."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film was a box office success, grossing $36.7 million at the box office in Australia and over $254 million worldwide."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1998, a sequel directed by Miller, Babe: Pig in the City, was released."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film was both a box office and critical success, grossing $254 million worldwide and earning seven Oscar nominations, including a win for Best Visual Effects."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, written by both, narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne, and starring James Cromwell and Magda Szubanski with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Miriam Margolyes, Hugo Weaving, and Danny Mann."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 2006, the American Film Institute named Babe #80 on its list of America's Most Inspiring Movies."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "Musical or Comedy and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "The film had a marked effect on the growth of vegetarianism, particularly among the young."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "At the APRA Music Awards of 1996 it won Best Film Score for Westlake's work."}], "text": "Babe is a comedy-drama film directed and was successful.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Babe (film)"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}], "id": "xoETl941EUfCrGRrfJ6L", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Influences", "text": "Among other influences was the Romantic movement that includes the Gothic novel, the novels of Walter Scott, and the poetry of Byron."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: \"a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo, en roman\"."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism."}, {"section_header": "Romance tradition", "text": "Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\" to novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Works inspired by | Music", "text": "Both titles refer to the closing lines in the novel."}, {"section_header": "References in culture | Adaptations | Literature", "text": "In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics."}, {"section_header": "Point of view", "text": "Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel \"uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives\"."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "He speaks a broad Yorkshire dialect and hates nearly everyone in the novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Bront\u00eb's only finished novel, it was written between October 1845 and June 1846."}, {"section_header": "Setting | Inspiration for locations", "text": ", as mentioned by Ian Jacks in the Explanatory Notes to the 1976 edition of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Critical response | Early reviews (1847\u20131848)", "text": "Early reviews of Wuthering Heights were mixed in their assessment."}], "text": "The novel recived varied feeback in the intial evaluations.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Wuthering Heights"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}], "id": "xubxLrfSdjwJOb2TBOTe", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "\"Variety gave high praise for the movie saying that it is \"a gripping drama, expertly put together and handled with skill in all departments."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy", "text": "The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as \"Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has been included on the American Film Institute's list of best American films ever made."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Ebert notes that the film is one of the few war movies that \"focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals\", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Critical response", "text": "Warren Buffett said it was his favorite movie."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Accolades", "text": "American Film Institute lists:  1998 \u2014 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies \u2014 #13 2001 \u2014 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills \u2014 #58 2006 \u2014 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers \u2014 #14 2007 \u2014 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) \u2014"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1997, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture", "text": "His workers are building a small bridge in his garden that greatly resembles the one in that film and whistling the familiar Colonel Bogey March."}], "text": "The Bridge on the River Kwaia is an American romantic drama movie written by Robert James Waller in 1997.", "total_likes": 4, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "The Bridge on the River Kwai"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}], "id": "xufD0QQjrxuU2hJxq4fh", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "another being the Academy of Fine Arts)."}, {"section_header": "History | Post-1989", "text": "During 1990, the quadriga was removed from the gate as part of renovation work carried out by the East German authorities following the fall of the wall in November 1989."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "Since the reunification of Germany in 1990, the flag and the pole have been removed."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 12 July 1994, U.S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about peace in post\u2013Cold War Europe."}], "text": "U.S. President Roanld Regan gave a historic speech at Brandenburg Gate wanting the Berli Wall to be removed.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 1, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation", "text": "In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening."}], "id": "xvS9ZguNVPkA1JTMlCEy", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rising politician | 1960 and 1962 elections; wilderness years", "text": "The campaign was clouded by public suspicion that Nixon viewed the office as a stepping stone for another presidential run, some opposition from the far-right of the party, and his own lack of interest in being California's governor."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Latin American policy", "text": "On taking office in 1969, he stepped up covert operations against Cuba and its president, Fidel Castro."}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Author and elder statesman", "text": "In 1978, Nixon published his memoirs, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, the first of ten books"}, {"section_header": "Post-presidency (1974\u20131994) | Return to public life", "text": "Nixon admitted he had \"let down the country\" and that \"I brought myself down."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | China", "text": "Upon touching down, the President and First Lady emerged from Air Force One and greeted Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation", "text": "In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "Rhodes told Nixon he faced certain impeachment in the House."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate", "text": "These hearings culminated in votes for impeachment."}, {"section_header": "Presidency (1969\u20131974) | Foreign policy | Middle Eastern policy", "text": "Brezhnev backed down as a result of Nixon's actions."}, {"section_header": "Personality and public image", "text": "Nixon biographer Conrad Black described him as being \"driven\" though also \"uneasy with himself in some ways\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974."}], "text": "Richard Nixon was the first president to be impeached while in office if he had not stepped down.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Richard Nixon"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments", "text": "In 2006, a six-tonne, 16-foot tall statue of Shakira designed by the German artist Dieter Patt was installed in Shakira's hometown Barranquilla in  the park near Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Mel\u00e9ndez, where Shakira performed during her Oral Fixation Tour."}], "id": "xvpQ0XaCD8FC7liMzQzy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Shakira is the first artist to perform three times at the FIFA World Cup."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "In 2014, Shakira became the first musical act to perform three times at the FIFA World Cup."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments", "text": "In July 2018 Shakira visited Tannourine in Lebanon which is the village of her paternal grandmother."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Shakira gave birth to their second son Sasha on 29 January 2015."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments", "text": "In 2006, a six-tonne, 16-foot tall statue of Shakira designed by the German artist Dieter Patt was installed in Shakira's hometown Barranquilla in  the park near Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Mel\u00e9ndez, where Shakira performed during her Oral Fixation Tour."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "In 2015 Time recognized Shakira as one of the most influential people on social media."}, {"section_header": "Achievements", "text": "It was played 9,637 times in one week."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Her unprecedented crossover has inspired other Latin American artists to attempt crossing over, one example is Mexican pop star Paulina Rubio, having MTV saying \"there's no question that Shakira opened doors in this country for artists like Rubio to succeed.\" After the crossover, her global and mainstream presence became big enough for Time magazine to call Shakira a \"pop legend."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Shakira gave birth to the couple's first son Milan on 22 January 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, where the family had taken up residence."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "The album spawned three singles."}], "text": "There is not a monument of Shakira, about three times as big as the real one, erected in her birth town. That would be weird.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 7, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "On December 27, 1981, at age 82, Carmichael died of  Heart attack at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California."}], "id": "xymsgDaRV7QnSOX8r2kN", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "\" Some fans were dismayed as he steadily veered away from \"hot\" jazz, but Armstrong's recordings continued to \"jazz up\" Carmichael's popular songs."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "He joined an Indianapolis law firm (Bingham, Mendenhall and Bingham) and passed the Indiana bar, but devoted most of his energies to music."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "As he passed his 70th birthday, Carmichael's star continued to wane and was nearly forgotten in a world dominated by rock music."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1940s", "text": "His contribution to the war effort was similar to other patriotic efforts by Irving Berlin (\"This Is the Army, Mr. Brown\"), Johnny Mercer (\"G.I. Jive\"), and Frank Loesser (\"Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition\")."}, {"section_header": "Honors and tributes | In popular culture", "text": "However, Fleming and Carmichael also shared a resemblance."}, {"section_header": "Early life and education", "text": "In 1910, the Carmichaels were living in Missoula, Montana."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "Carmichael also continued to write individual songs."}, {"section_header": "Career | Early years", "text": "It became a hit song, the first of many for Carmichael."}, {"section_header": "Career | 1930s", "text": "Carmichael found work as a character actor in Hollywood."}, {"section_header": "Career | Later years", "text": "Carmichael sang and played \"Rockin' Chair\" on the piano."}, {"section_header": "Death and legacy", "text": "On December 27, 1981, at age 82, Carmichael died of  Heart attack at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California."}], "text": "Carmichael passed away in 1982.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Hoagy Carmichael"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was of Pennsylvania Dutch (German) and Scots-Irish ancestry, although his maternal grandmother was Jewish."}], "id": "xz1FwMu4QFPD0SbKHJVF", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": "He even once called himself \"Ralph Korner\"."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Ralph Kiner died from natural causes in Rancho Mirage, California on February 6, 2014 at the age of 91."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "The Mets honored him with an on-field ceremony on \"Ralph Kiner Night\" at Shea Stadium on Saturday, July 14, 2007."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Kiner is survived by ex-wife, Ann Benisch, and also by sons Ralph and Scott; daughters, Kathryn Chaffee Freeman, Tracee Kiner Jansen and Kimberlee Kiner; and 12 grandchildren."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Ralph McPherran Kiner (October 27, 1922 \u2013 February 6, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball player and broadcaster."}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Upon his death, New York Mets owner Fred Wilpon stated \"Ralph Kiner was one of the most beloved people in Mets history\u2014"}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "On February 21, 2014, an online Twitter petition was started to rename Citi Field Sections 132\u2013134 as Kiner's Korner, to commemorate the 52-year Mets career of Ralph Kiner."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was also the only player voted in that year."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "Kiner also matched his peak of 127 RBIs."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "On that night, fans were given photos of Kiner."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He was of Pennsylvania Dutch (German) and Scots-Irish ancestry, although his maternal grandmother was Jewish."}], "text": "Ralph Kiner had English roots.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Ralph Kiner"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}], "id": "xz6xIRZbenLLyEf5qfLZ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "co-creator Stan Lee wanted to create another group of superheroes but did not want to have to explain how they got their powers."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "received their own comic book series."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991\u20132001)", "text": "The first issues of the second X-Men series were written by Claremont and drawn and co-plotted by Jim Lee."}, {"section_header": "Publication history | Morrison Era (2001\u20132004)", "text": "He was later removed from the titles in 2001 and created his spin-off series, X-Treme X-Men."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "Lee devised the series title after Marvel publisher Martin Goodman turned down the initial name, \"The Mutants,\" stating that readers would not know what a \"mutant\" was."}, {"section_header": "World of the X-Men", "text": "The X-Men exist in the Marvel Universe along with other characters featured in Marvel Comics series and often interact with them."}, {"section_header": "Reflecting social issues", "text": "In the comics series, gay and bisexual characters include Anole, Bling!, Destiny, Karma, Mystique, Psylocke, Courier, Northstar (whose marriage was depicted in the comics in 2012), Graymalkin, Rictor, Shatterstar, Shade, the Ultimate version of Colossus and later Iceman after revealing that he is a mutant; the comics version of the character was then revealed to be gay in 2015."}, {"section_header": "Background and creation", "text": "In 2004, Lee recalled, \"I couldn't have everybody bitten by a radioactive spider or exposed to a gamma ray explosion."}, {"section_header": "Other versions", "text": "Created and reverted via time travel."}], "text": "The X-men is a series of comics created by Steve Ditko with Stan Lee.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "X-Men"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "He was cremated and his ashes were placed in the columbarium at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris."}], "id": "xzpxYQ2qX4APfzpjd393", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "It is dedicated to Paul Vidal, and had its first performance in January 1896, under the direction of the dedicatee."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "D\u00e9sir\u00e9-\u00c9mile Inghelbrecht, later known as a conductor, was a member of the orchestra at the premiere, and wrote, \"the work which nowadays seems to us so lucid aroused not only the protestations of the public, but also those of the musicians of the orchestra."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "In 1920, Vincent d'Indy published a study of Dukas's music; Debussy remained a lifelong friend, though feeling that Dukas's music was not French enough; Saint-Sa\u00ebns worked with Dukas to complete an unfinished opera by Guiraud, and they were both engaged in the rediscovery and editing of the works of Jean-Philippe Rameau; Faur\u00e9 dedicated his Second Piano Quintet to Dukas in 1921.In 1920, he became a member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 1890s", "text": "The popularity of the piece became a matter of irritation to Dukas."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "Dukas died in Paris in 1935, aged 69."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 20th century works", "text": "\"In 1899 Dukas turned once again to operatic composition."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "His father, Jules Dukas, was a banker, and his mother, Eug\u00e9nie, was a capable pianist."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Early years", "text": "Among his fellow students was Claude Debussy, with whom Dukas formed a close friendship."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | Later years", "text": "He was cremated and his ashes were placed in the columbarium at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris."}], "text": "Paul Dukas is buried in a stone crypt with other family members.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Dukas"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "A back injury forced him to retire at the age of 32, finishing his career with 369 home runs,"}], "id": "y012xxpwr555uZo5T547", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Though injuries forced his retirement from active play after 10 seasons, Kiner's tremendous slugging outpaced all of his National League contemporaries between the years 1946 and 1952."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "A back injury forced him to retire at the age of 32, finishing his career with 369 home runs,"}, {"section_header": "Death", "text": "Ralph Kiner died from natural causes in Rancho Mirage, California on February 6, 2014 at the age of 91."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "After the season, the Pirates convinced future Hall of Famer Hank Greenberg not to retire."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "Many of Kiner's homers were hit into a shortened left-field and left-center-field porch at Forbes Field (originally built for Greenberg and known in the press as \"Greenberg Gardens\"); the porch was retained for Kiner and redubbed \"Kiner's Korner\"."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Kiner was elected to the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 1984.The Pittsburgh Pirates retired his uniform number 4 on September 19, 1987.The Sporting News placed him at number 90 on its 1999 list of \"The 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and he was one of the 100 finalists for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team that year."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "Kiner would later use \"Kiner's Korner\" as the title of his post-game TV show in New York."}, {"section_header": "Playing career (1946-1955)", "text": "Kiner's string of seasons leading the league in home runs reached seven in 1952, when he hit 37."}, {"section_header": "Broadcasting career (1961-2013)", "text": ",\" was a signature phrase in baseball."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975."}], "text": "Kiner's injuries caused him to retire from playing baseball.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Ralph Kiner"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage."}], "id": "y01YJH8BfHLgum27fAfp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ancestry", "text": "Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pepin the Short (714 \u2013 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 \u2013 12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "Charles was succeeded in 741 by his sons Carloman and Pepin the Short, the father of Charlemagne."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "In 781, during a visit to Rome, he made his two youngest sons kings, crowned by the Pope."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons who lived to adulthood, but only the youngest of them, Louis the Pious, survived to succeed him."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ancestry", "text": "Records name only Carloman, Gisela, and three short-lived children named Pepin, Chrothais and Adelais as his younger siblings."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children", "text": "In addition, he had a grandson (Bernard of Italy, the only son of his third son, Pepin of Italy), who was illegitimate but included in the line of inheritance."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ancestry", "text": "Many historians consider Charlemagne (Charles) to have been illegitimate, although some state that this is arguable, because Pepin did not marry Bertrada until 744, which was after Charles' birth; this status did not exclude him from the succession."}, {"section_header": "Administration | Political reforms | Divisio regnorum", "text": "Charlemagne then reconsidered the matter, and in 813, crowned his youngest son, Louis, co-emperor and co-King of the Franks, granting him a half-share of the empire and the rest upon Charlemagne's own death."}, {"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Contact with the Saracens", "text": "Charlemagne's eldest son, Pepin the Hunchback, was much occupied with Saracens in Italy."}], "text": "Charlemagne was the youngest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nonetheless, numerous police accounts detail her attempts to murder police officers (although gang member W.D. Jones contradicted them at trial)."}], "id": "y1wMd5ZbjWXFQvoQ4UHJ", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "In popular culture | Podcasts", "text": "Bonnie and Clyde's life and crimes were covered in a three-part series on the popular true crime podcast, The Last Podcast on the Left. (Episode 369 \"Part 1 \u2013 Once you go short\", Episode 370"}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | 1934: Final run", "text": "It has long been assumed that Parker was asleep in the back seat when Methvin started shooting, and took no part in the assault."}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "They never divorced, but their paths never crossed again after January 1929."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Television", "text": "In March 2009, Bonnie and Clyde were the subject of a program in the BBC series Timewatch, based in part on gang members' private papers and previously unavailable police documents."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Posse members also took other personal items, such as Parker's clothing."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Books", "text": "Side By Side : A Novel of Bonnie and Clyde by Jenni L. Walsh is the fictionalized account of Bonnie and Clyde's crime spree, told through the perspective of Bonnie Parker."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Music", "text": "The bluegrass duo Flatt & Scruggs released an entire album in 1968 about the duo and their crime spree, The Story of Bonnie & Clyde."}, {"section_header": "Armed robbery and murder | Platte City and Dexfield Park", "text": "Jones parted company with them, continuing to Houston where his mother had moved."}, {"section_header": "In popular culture | Podcasts", "text": "\"Part 2 \u2013 Give me the Money Now\", Episode 371"}, {"section_header": "Bonnie Parker", "text": "As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\", the latter more commonly known as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Nonetheless, numerous police accounts detail her attempts to murder police officers (although gang member W.D. Jones contradicted them at trial)."}], "text": "Bonnie never took part in any of the crimes according to police.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Bonnie and Clyde"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}], "id": "y4PPmYiwaNmUMBbCHEHy", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Synopsis | Finale", "text": "A riot takes place during which d'Artagnan accidentally kills Rochefort and Porthos"}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Enter Mordaunt", "text": "Grimaud, who is to join Raoul, comes upon the inn just as this is taking place, though too late to prevent it, or to detain the monk."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twenty Years After (French: Vingt ans apr\u00e8s) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, first serialized from January to August 1845."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "Having determined that d'Artagnan is the man he seeks, Mazarin enters the chambers of the Queen to let her know that he has enlisted the man who had served her so well twenty years earlier."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin", "text": "D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | In England", "text": "Milady's son, Mordaunt, now twenty-three, reprises his role as one of the chief antagonists, and sets about avenging his mother's death."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | The Duc de Beaufort", "text": "The four arrange to meet in Paris at the Place Royale; both parties, now finding themselves enemies, enter fearing a duel, but they reconcile and renew their vows of friendship."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel follows events in France during the Fronde, during the childhood reign of Louis XIV, and in England near the end of the English Civil War, leading up to the victory of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos"}], "text": "Twenty Years After takes place in Germany.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twenty Years After"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}], "id": "y5g39a2p0DtL3SBYwJmd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film's ensemble cast also includes Carrie Fisher, Farrow's mother Maureen O'Sullivan, Lloyd Nolan (who died four-and-a-half months before the film's release), Max von Sydow, and Julie Kavner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "By the time of the film's third Thanksgiving, Lee has married someone she met while taking classes at Columbia University, while Hannah and Elliot have reconciled their marriage."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot."}], "text": "The movie takes place over twenty four months.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hannah and Her Sisters"}
{"category": "NOCAT", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During his papacy, the Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess Communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith."}], "id": "y5xBb7IuJICzpWODfJ0v", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Post-World War II", "text": "Pius XII stated that the war against communism was a holy war and excommunicated members of the Communist Party."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the \"Black Nobility\")."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During his papacy, the Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess Communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith."}, {"section_header": "Papacy | Consistories", "text": "The two consistories of 1946 and 1953 brought an end to over five hundred years of Italians constituting a majority of the College of Cardinals."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "\"Pius XII often elevated young priests as bishops, such as Julius D\u00f6pfner (35 years) and Karol Wojtyla (later Pope John Paul II, 38 years), one of his last appointees in 1958."}, {"section_header": "Papacy | Appointments", "text": "After World War II, Pius XII appointed more non-Italians than any Pope before him."}, {"section_header": "Theology | Feasts and devotions", "text": "In 1958, Pope Pius XII declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Catholics."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "Side-effects of the treatment included hallucinations, from which the Pope suffered in his last years."}, {"section_header": "Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII", "text": "\"These years were also plagued by horrific nightmares."}], "text": "Born in Rome into a family with ties to \"Black Nobility\", Pope Pius XII declared that any church member would be excommunicated if a communist, and he eliminated the Italian majority as Cardinals twelve years before his death.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pope Pius XII"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}], "id": "y6bKOC71pPFM2n9pPDvL", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Indians", "text": "He again led the team with a personal high of 124 RBIs, and was sixth in the league in slugging (.507)."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "With Gordon-ally Joe McCarthy resigning from the Yankees club in May 1946 and following his worst season in baseball, Gordon was in trouble."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "After the Series, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, \"The greatest all-around ballplayer I ever saw, and I don't bar any of them, is Joe Gordon.\" Gordon led the Yankees to another pennant in his 1942 MVP season, edging Triple Crown winner Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox for the award."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Joe Gordon was born in Los Angeles, on February 18, 1915, to Benjamin Lowell Gordon (1875\u20131946) and Lulu Pearl Evans (1893\u20131984)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 14, 1978), nicknamed \"Flash\" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "In 1940 Gordon again increased his home run total to 30 and was second on the team to DiMaggio in homers and RBI (103), leading the AL in assists and posting career highs in runs (112), triples (10), slugging average (.511), total bases (315) and stolen bases (18) while hitting .281."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "His 29 homers and 279 total bases were second in the league to Williams, and his .496 slugging average trailed only Williams and DiMaggio; Gordon again finished seventh in the MVP balloting."}, {"section_header": "Indians", "text": "Gordon was a career .268 hitter with 253 home runs, 975 RBI, 914 runs, 1,530 hits, 264 doubles and 89 stolen bases in 1,566 games."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "He led the AL in putouts, assists and double plays, and was second on the team to Joe DiMaggio and fifth in the league in both homers and RBI (111)."}, {"section_header": "Yankees", "text": "his only Series loss in six trips; he was picked off at second base in the bottom of the ninth in the last game."}], "text": "Joe Gordon nicknamed was based off a non-fictional person called Speedy.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Gordon"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "November 27, 1997) was an American first baseman in Negro league baseball and in the Mexican League."}], "id": "y7I4iYmyvafr6VmCadzY", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life", "text": "At his induction ceremony on August 7 of that year, Leonard said, \"We in the Negro leagues felt like we were contributing something to baseball, too, when we were playing."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leonard never played in Major League Baseball (MLB); he declined a 1952 offer of an MLB contract because he felt he was too old."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Leonard was impressed by Dihigo's baseball knowledge."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He began playing semiprofessional baseball while working for the railroad, then decided to pursue his living with the sport."}, {"section_header": "Negro league career", "text": "In fact, Negro league star Monte Irvin said that if Leonard had been allowed in the major leagues, baseball fans \"might have called Lou Gehrig the white Buck Leonard."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "We played with a round ball and we played with a round bat."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 47 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, one of five players so honored who played all or most of their careers in the Negro leagues, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."}, {"section_header": "Mexican League career", "text": "Teams played three games per week in this league, a pace that worked well for the aging player."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Leonard was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972 along with Gibson."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Late in life, Leonard worked as a physical education instructor and was the vice-president of a minor league baseball team."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "November 27, 1997) was an American first baseman in Negro league baseball and in the Mexican League."}], "text": "Leonard played in only 1 league for baseball.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Buck Leonard"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Contemporary response to the novel was largely positive."}], "id": "yGjfazH5gkEQpKT6dtsv", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Nevertheless, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men is magnificently vital reading, a book so charged with dramatic tension"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Warren claimed that All the King's Men was \"never intended to be a book about politics\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "A Soviet TV adaptation named Vsya Korolevskaya Rat' (All the King's Men) was produced in 1971 by Byelorussian TV."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Willie Stark", "text": "It is a little graceless of me to call this characteristic unfortunate, and to quarrel with it, for certainly the journalistic relevance of All the King's Men had a good deal to do with what interest it evoked."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "All the King's Men portrays the dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist in the American South during the 1930s."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "However, it was a critical and commercial disappointment."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Themes and imagery", "text": "It is in this sense that the characters are \"all the king's men\", a line taken from the poem Humpty Dumpty (Penn biographer Joseph Blotner also notes, \"Like Humpty Dumpty, each of the major characters has experienced a fall of some kind\")."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Contemporary response to the novel was largely positive."}], "text": "All the King's Men received mixed critics.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 4, "wikipedia_page": "All the King's Men"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "In 1898, he threw his arm out, and his career as a shortstop came to an end."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}], "id": "yHOAKFp9dlvt7mPaAFC8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game."}, {"section_header": "Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899\u20131903", "text": "While Jennings was never the same after the injury to his arm in 1898, he contributed to Brooklyn's National League pennants in 1899 and 1900.In 1901, Jennings was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "The \"Ee-Yah\" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie \"Ee-Yah\" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout \"Ee-Yah\" when Jennings appeared on the field. (See also Jack Smile,"}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings was also one of the best fielding shortstops of the era."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "Jennings practiced law in Baltimore and in Scranton, Pennsylvania."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}, {"section_header": "Early years", "text": "Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Jennings was the son of Irish immigrants, James and Nora, who according to Jack Smiles's biography of Jennings, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer (page 7), arrived in Pittston in 1851."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "After the 1899 season, Jennings was accepted to Cornell Law School."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "In 1898, he threw his arm out, and his career as a shortstop came to an end."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings had to change positions after he made a throw that resulted in injury.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}], "id": "yJ8Q0O63ECP1RlwCy9Vx", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Argentina last reached the World Cup final in 2014, where it lost 1\u20130 to Germany national football team."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | England", "text": "The second, scored minutes later, saw Maradona passing five England outfield players before scoring, and is often described as one of the greatest goals in football history."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "A minor rivalry developed from the 1990s between Argentina and Nigeria, based not on geographical proximity, long-term battles for honours or factors outside football, but due to the frequency of significant matches between them."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Nigeria", "text": "On 6 September 2011, Bangabandhu National Stadium hosted an international friendly football match between the full-strength Argentina and Nigeria teams, featuring Lionel Messi, Sergio Ag\u00fcero, Javier Mascherano and John Obi Mikel among the other star players of both nations."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "An Argentina team (with only three players of over 23 years of age included in the squad) won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008.Argentina also won seven of the 18 football competitions at the Pan American Games, winning in 1951, 1955, 1959, 1971, 1995, 2003 and 2019 ."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "Argentina and Uruguay hold the record for most international matches played between two countries."}, {"section_header": "Team image | Crest", "text": "The Argentine Football Association (\"AFA\") logo has been always used as the team emblem."}, {"section_header": "Rivalries | Uruguay", "text": "The first match between Argentina and Uruguay was also the first official international match to be played outside the United Kingdom."}], "text": "Argentina national football team represents Argentina in men's international football and is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Argentina national football team"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}], "id": "yP22YMmAmWNU2P3sVuPU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Background", "text": "In 911, the Carolingian ruler Charles the Simple allowed a group of Vikings to settle in Normandy under their leader Rollo."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "Other legends claimed that Harold did not die at Hastings, but escaped and became a hermit at Chester."}, {"section_header": "English army and Harold's preparations", "text": "The king also had a group of personal armsmen, known as housecarls, who formed the backbone of the royal forces."}, {"section_header": "Battle | Background and location", "text": "Because many of the primary accounts contradict each other at times, it is impossible to provide a description of the battle that is beyond dispute."}, {"section_header": "Background | Succession crisis in England", "text": "Harold was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, although Norman propaganda claimed that the ceremony was performed by Stigand, the uncanonically elected Archbishop of Canterbury."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The background to the battle was the death of the childless King Edward the Confessor in January 1066, which set up a succession struggle between several claimants to his throne."}, {"section_header": "Aftermath", "text": "One skeleton that was found in a medieval cemetery, and originally was thought to be associated with the 13th century Battle of Lewes now is thought to be associated with Hastings instead."}, {"section_header": "Background | Succession crisis in England", "text": "Harold was at once challenged by two powerful neighbouring rulers."}, {"section_header": "Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings", "text": "Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives."}], "text": "Battle of Hastings was a dispute that was between Lord Farquaad, Prince of Canterbury, and French ruler, Louis the Vll, where Louis the Vll won and became King of Genovia that is now known as Geneva in 911.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Battle of Hastings"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}], "id": "yPNqT7JKDiLZvMPmu2cN", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film is the first Anderson film shot outside the United States, with principal photography beginning in January 2017 in Lythe, England."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Phantom Thread premiered in New York City on December 11, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2017."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "At first, Alma enjoys being a part of Reynolds\u2019 work, but he proves aloof, hard to please, and overly finicky."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "However, Anderson refuted the claim in November, stating that there is no official credit for the cinematography and that it was a \"collaborative effort\"."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "It was reported in June 2017 that Anderson would be serving as his own cinematographer on the film as his regular cinematographer Robert Elswit was unavailable during production."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "Anderson and Bauman pushed their 35mm film stock and filled the frame with haze in order to \"dirty up\" the image; according to Bauman, \"One of the first things"}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "Phantom Thread grossed $21.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $47.8 million, against a production budget of $35 million."}, {"section_header": "Production | Filming", "text": "Principal photography began in late January 2017 in Lythe, England, United Kingdom, with a number of other locations in the North York Moors National Park also featuring, including Robin Hood's Bay and Staithes."}, {"section_header": "Production | Cinematography", "text": "[Paul] said was, 'Look, this cannot look like The Crown.'"}], "text": "The 2017 American historical drama is the first Paul Anderson film to be shot outside the United States.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Phantom Thread"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Culture | Bread Festival", "text": "Monaco also has an annual bread festival on September 17 every year.."}], "id": "ySydR7jd5PHO1n10oxch", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Economy", "text": "Each year many foreigners are attracted to its casino and pleasant climate."}, {"section_header": "Government", "text": "All legislation requires the approval of the National Council, which is dominated by the conservative Rally and Issues for Monaco (REM) party which holds 20 seats."}, {"section_header": "Economy", "text": "It also has an unemployment rate of 2%, with over 48,000 workers who commute from France and Italy each day."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Taxes", "text": "Celebrities, such as Formula One drivers, attract most of the attention but the vast majority are lesser-known business people."}, {"section_header": "Culture | Bread Festival", "text": "Monaco also has an annual bread festival on September 17 every year.."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Numismatics", "text": "This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the Eurozone that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins."}, {"section_header": "Population | Demographics", "text": "Monaco has the world's highest life expectancy at nearly 90 years."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "Saint-Jean is the longest flowing body of water, around 0.19 km (190 metres; 0.12 miles; 620 feet) in length, and Fontvieille is the largest lake, approximately 0.5 ha (5,000.00 m2; 1.24 acres; 53,819.55 sq ft) in area."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005, in a celebration that began with a solemn Mass at Saint Nicholas Cathedral, where his father had been buried three months earlier."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "He died six days later, after a reign of 56 years, with his son succeeding him as Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco."}], "text": "Monaco has a party each year celebrating baked grain loaves.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Monaco"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800."}], "id": "yTNbzKTjXZWSxVPjibWa", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Imperium | Imperial diplomacy", "text": "The council was not recognised by Charlemagne since no Frankish emissaries had been invited, even though Charlemagne ruled more than three provinces of the classical Roman empire and was considered equal in rank to the Byzantine emperor."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Acquisition of Aquitaine by the Carolingians", "text": "According to Ibn al-Q\u016b\u1e6diyya Wittiza, the last Visigothic king of a united Hispania died before his three sons, Almund, Romulo, and Ardabast reached maturity."}, {"section_header": "Rise to power | Ambiguous high office", "text": "The annals tell a slightly different version, with the king dying at St-Denis, near Paris."}, {"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Children", "text": "The younger of the two, Louis, became King of Aquitaine."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "He became the sole governor of the entire Frankish kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "The siege lasted until the spring of 774 when Charlemagne visited the pope in Rome."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom."}, {"section_header": "Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom", "text": "Charlemagne was then master of Italy as king of the Lombards."}, {"section_header": "Carolingian expansion to the south | Contact with the Saracens", "text": "Charlemagne even had contact with the caliphal court in Baghdad."}, {"section_header": "Political background", "text": "Orman portrays the Treaty of Verdun (843) between the warring grandsons of Charlemagne as the foundation event of an independent France under its first king Charles the Bald; an independent Germany under its first king Louis the German; and an independent intermediate state stretching from the Low Countries along the borderlands to south of Rome under Lothair I, who retained the title of emperor and the capitals Aachen and Rome without the jurisdiction."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800."}], "text": "Charlemagne was the king of three different Kingdoms before he even became  emperor of Rome.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Charlemagne"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar Vel\u00e1zquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [alo\u02c8ma\u027e]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988\u20132004)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is regarded as one of the greatest second basemen and all-around players of all time."}], "id": "yUJiVLKlfJyaq6ShuiRw", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "In 1985, Alomar signed with the San Diego Padres at age 17, and joined the team's Class-A affiliate, the Charleston Rainbows."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "He became an All-Star for the first time in 1990, as a reserve player for the National League."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "With the Padres, he established himself as a solid hitter and baserunner, and defensively, he displayed excellent lateral range and a powerful arm, often making spectacular plays on ground balls hit deep in the hole between first and second base, and on balls hit up the middle, well behind second base."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar Vel\u00e1zquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [alo\u02c8ma\u027e]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988\u20132004)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The son of MLB second baseman Sandy Alomar Sr., Alomar followed in his father's footsteps, signing with the Padres as an amateur free agent in 1985."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He is regarded as one of the greatest second basemen and all-around players of all time."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Time called Alomar \"the best second baseman of t[his] generation\" and he is regarded as one of the greatest second basemen and all-around players of all time."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "The following year, playing for the Reno Padres, he won the California League batting title with a .346 average."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Alomar was known for having a \"sixth sense\" or \"sixth tool\"\u2014awareness\u2014which distinguished him from other players."}, {"section_header": "Career | San Diego Padres", "text": "Alomar made his major league debut on April 22, 1988 against the Houston Astros, recording a hit in his first at bat, off of Nolan Ryan."}], "text": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Alomar having a strong arm, signed with the MLB San Diego Padres, and is understood to be one of the outstanding players of all time..", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Roberto Alomar"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "That invitation to the community, written during the first year of Hull House's existence, suggests that the inner core of what Addams labeled \"The Hull House Neighborhood\" was overwhelmingly Italian at that time."}], "id": "yXnLOAUpqSVSk0F68Y3p", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After moving out of the original buildings, The Hull House Association continued to provide social services in multiple locations throughout Chicago but ceased operations in January 2012."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named after the original house's first owner Charles Jerald Hull) opened to recently arrived European immigrants."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "The facility remained at the original location until it was purchased in 1963 by what was then called the University of Illinois-Circle Campus."}, {"section_header": "1930s to 2012", "text": "The original Hull House building itself is a museum, part of the College of Architecture and the Arts at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is open to the public."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hull House was one of the four original members to be listed on both the Chicago Registered Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places list (along with Chicago Pile-1, Robie House & Lorado Taft Midway Studios)."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "Hull House was located in Chicago, Illinois, and took its name from the Italianate mansion built by real estate magnate Charles Jerald Hull (1820\u20131889) at 800 South Halsted Street in 1856."}, {"section_header": "The building and museum", "text": "The building was located in what had once been a fashionable part of town, but by 1889, when Addams was searching for a location for her experiment, it had descended into squalor."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments", "text": "The playground opened on May Day in 1893, located on Polk Street."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The original building and one additional building (which has been moved 200 yards (182.9 m)) survive today."}, {"section_header": "Hull House neighborhood", "text": "That invitation to the community, written during the first year of Hull House's existence, suggests that the inner core of what Addams labeled \"The Hull House Neighborhood\" was overwhelmingly Italian at that time."}], "text": "Hull House was located originally in an Irish-American area of Chicago.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Hull House"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter was born on June 26, 1974, in Pequannock Township, New Jersey, the son of accountant Dorothy (n\u00e9e Connors) and substance abuse counselor Sanderson Charles Jeter."}], "id": "yZAdL2X4EpSufeSCL6bp", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter ( JEE-t\u0259r; born June 26, 1974) is an American former professional baseball shortstop, businessman, and baseball executive."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter was born on June 26, 1974, in Pequannock Township, New Jersey, the son of accountant Dorothy (n\u00e9e Connors) and substance abuse counselor Sanderson Charles Jeter."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Their first child was born in August 2017."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Their second daughter was born in January 2019."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 1999\u20132002", "text": "In extra innings, Jeter hit a game-winning home run off of Byung-hyun Kim."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2003\u20132008", "text": "The Yankees went on to win the game in the bottom of the 13th inning."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | 2009\u20132013", "text": "The hit was a single off Baltimore Orioles pitcher Chris Tillman in the third inning."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "In December 2002, Yankees owner George Steinbrenner criticized Jeter for staying out until 3 a.m. at a birthday party during the 2002 season, saying that his star shortstop \"wasn't totally focused\" and that \"it didn't sit well\" with him."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "It was a baseball family, and Jeter's younger sister Sharlee (born c. 1979) was a softball star in high school."}, {"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1995\u20132014) | Final season (2014)", "text": "Jeter went 2 for 2, scored one run and received two standing ovations in the four innings he played at the 2014 All-Star Game."}], "text": "Jeter was born in December of 1974.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Derek Jeter"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "On leaving the Commons, Thatcher became the first former British prime minister to set up a foundation; the British wing of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation was dissolved in 2005 due to financial difficulties."}], "id": "yZzr5ttp4JQP8maKtjIb", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "Thatcher was hired by the tobacco company Philip Morris as a \"geopolitical consultant\" in July 1992, for $250,000 per year and an annual contribution of $250,000 to her foundation."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "On leaving the Commons, Thatcher became the first former British prime minister to set up a foundation; the British wing of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation was dissolved in 2005 due to financial difficulties."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Final years: 2003\u20132013", "text": "Earlier that month, Thatcher was named the most competent prime minister of the past 30 years in an Ipsos MORI poll."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Political impact | Reputation", "text": "In 2020, Time magazine included Thatcher's name on its list of 100 Women of the Year."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "In the US, Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, and was later designated Patron of The Heritage Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "became a member of the Lords in 1992 with a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "After retiring from the Commons in 1992, she was given a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher (of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire) which entitled her to sit in the House of Lords."}, {"section_header": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979\u20131990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation", "text": "Major oversaw an upturn in Conservative support in the 17 months leading to the 1992 general election and led the party to a fourth successive victory on 9 April 1992."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Post-Commons: 1992\u20132003", "text": "At the 2001 general election, Thatcher supported the Conservative campaign, as she had done in 1992 and 1997, and in the Conservative leadership election following its defeat, she endorsed Iain Duncan Smith over Kenneth Clarke."}, {"section_header": "Titles, awards and honours", "text": "In the Falklands, Margaret Thatcher Day has been marked each 10 January since 1992, commemorating her first visit to the Islands in January 1983, six months after the end of the Falklands War in June 1982.Thatcher"}], "text": "Thatcher organized a foundation in her name in 1992.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 7, "wikipedia_page": "Margaret Thatcher"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}], "id": "yb36zf065dwM3eylW6Lw", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Early works (1988\u20131990)", "text": "However, wanting to start a band he searched for band members, particularly a singer."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "As they flew back to Japan, B'z started their third tour in 2003, \"B'z Live-Gym 2003 Big Machine\"."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "Most of the shows were exclusive to fan club members."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "While B'z started recording as soon as the year 2002 started, Tak finished his solo albums."}, {"section_header": "History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001\u20132007)", "text": "For promotional activities, B'z started the tour \"B'z Live-Gym 2005"}, {"section_header": "History | Returning to the music scene (1999\u20132000)", "text": "Although the second day at Yokohama experienced heavy rain, the tour ended successfully."}, {"section_header": "Music style", "text": "Although they changed their style a lot for the first 13 years, they didn't lose any support."}, {"section_header": "History | 30th anniversary (2010\u2013present)", "text": "In August 2017, the band released B'z Complete Single Box Set, and although being a high-priced limited edition it managed to chart in the Top 10."}, {"section_header": "History | Returning to the music scene (1999\u20132000)", "text": "In the middle of May, they started a rehearsal for the summer tour B'z Live-Gym Pleasure 2000 -Juice-, starting a hall class venue show in Toyama,"}, {"section_header": "History | Early works (1988\u20131990)", "text": "Their first nationwide tour, B'z Live-Gym No. 001, covered 16 shows around Japan."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "B'z (Japanese: \u30d3\u30fc\u30ba, Hepburn: B\u012bzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro \"Tak\" Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u5b5d\u5f18, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449 \u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads."}], "text": "B'z started in Japan although its members are South Korean.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "B'z"}
{"category": "Technology", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart was founded in 2012 by serial entrepreneur Apoorva Mehta, a former Amazon.com employee."}], "id": "yf8vBkCjjX2xaxrGcfrh", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History", "text": "Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "Instacart was founded in 2012 by serial entrepreneur Apoorva Mehta, a former Amazon.com employee."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "In May 2020, Instacart began a partnership with Rite Aid, offering its service across 2,400 locations in 18 states."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "A 2019 study done by NERA Economic Consulting determined that Instacart was responsible for more than 23,000 jobs across the 4 states of California, Illinois, Washington, and New York."}, {"section_header": "History", "text": "As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market."}, {"section_header": "Funding", "text": "The company had a $2-billion valuation by investors as of May 2015.In March 2017, Instacart raised $400 million in funding at a valuation of $3.4 billion."}, {"section_header": "Funding", "text": "In October 2018, Instacart raised $600 million in a funding round led by hedge fund D1 Capital Partners; the round valued the company at $7.6 billion."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "As of its most recent funding round, in June 2020, the company was valued at $13.7 billion."}], "text": "The headquarter is located in Washington for the company,  Instacart  which was founded in 2010.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Instacart"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Epirote assault on Sparta was thwarted, however, and Pyrrhus was killed during a street battle at Argos."}, {"section_header": "Retreat from Italy", "text": "After the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC, Pyrrhus decided to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus which resulted in the loss of essentially all the gains he had made in Italy."}], "id": "ygU5LD8l6QTZOHqkdC4H", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "In the end, the Romans lost 6,000 men and Pyrrhus 3,500 including many officers."}, {"section_header": "Exile | The Battle of Ipsus", "text": "Unfortunately for Antigonus, he lost both the battle and his life."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He proceeded to take over Sicily from Carthage but was soon driven out, and lost all his gains in Italy after the Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC."}, {"section_header": "Retreat from Italy", "text": "After the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC, Pyrrhus decided to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus which resulted in the loss of essentially all the gains he had made in Italy."}, {"section_header": "First reign", "text": "Pyrrhus was only eleven years old, so his guardians ruled in his stead until he came of age."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "That same year, upon hearing the news of Pyrrhus's death, the Tarentinians surrendered to Rome."}, {"section_header": "Last wars and death", "text": "On the retreat he lost his firstborn son Ptolemy, who had been in command of the rearguard."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "During what came to be known as the Pyrrhic War, Pyrrhus fought Rome at the behest of Tarentum, scoring costly victories at Heraclea and Asculum."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "These have since been lost, although, according to Plutarch, Hannibal was influenced by them, and they received praise from Cicero."}, {"section_header": "Struggle with Rome", "text": "Hieronymus of Cardia reports the Romans lost about 7,000 while Pyrrhus lost 3,000 soldiers, including many of his best; Dionysius gives a bloodier view of 15,000 Roman dead and 13,000 Epirot."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Epirote assault on Sparta was thwarted, however, and Pyrrhus was killed during a street battle at Argos."}], "text": "Pyrrhus's reign came to an end when he lost his life in Beneventum.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Pyrrhus of Epirus"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "Forbes ranked her among the world's highest-paid women in music in 2019, at number 10.In February 2020, she and Jennifer Lopez performed for the Super Bowl LIV halftime show."}], "id": "yh8AziQK9IV8jC3IN36x", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "His lawsuit was dismissed by a Los Angeles County Superior Court judge in August 2013.Shakira entered a relationship with the Spanish football player Gerard Piqu\u00e9, centre back for FC Barcelona and the Spanish national team in 2011."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "On 9 November 2011, Shakira was honored as Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year and performed a cover of Joe Arroyo's song \"En Barranquilla Me Quedo\" at the Mandalay Bay Events Center as a tribute to the singer, who had died earlier that year."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "the ages of 10 and 13, Shakira was invited to various events in Barranquilla and gained some recognition in the area."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2010\u20132015: Sale el Sol and Shakira", "text": "The World Cup version was officially released on 27 May to impact radio stations, features Brazilian musician Carlinhos Brown."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Undaunted and still convinced that Shakira had talent, Vargas set up an audition in Bogot\u00e1."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2008\u20132010: She Wolf", "text": "It became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2001\u20132004: English transition with Laundry Service", "text": "The album earned her the title as the biggest Latin female crossover artist in the world."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Shakira gave birth to the couple's first son Milan on 22 January 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, where the family had taken up residence."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "As she was growing up, she was fascinated watching her father writing stories on a typewriter, and asked for one as a Christmas gift."}, {"section_header": "Career | 2016\u2013present: El Dorado and Super Bowl LIV", "text": "Forbes ranked her among the world's highest-paid women in music in 2019, at number 10.In February 2020, she and Jennifer Lopez performed for the Super Bowl LIV halftime show."}], "text": "Shakira is a musician who sang at the biggest football event as child as a back up singer.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Shakira"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "id": "ykQG3sQu2VuUNk5Mca98", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Bibliography | By Puyi", "text": "\u6211\u7684\u524d\u534a\u751f [The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi] (in Chinese)."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Such was the awe in which the Emperor was held that his younger brother Pujie never heard his parents refer to Puyi as \"your elder brother\" but only as the Emperor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "Titled the Xuantong Emperor (Wade-Giles: Hsuan-tung Emperor),"}, {"section_header": "Family", "text": "Zaifeng was therefore a younger half-brother of the Guangxu Emperor and the first in line to succession after Guangxu."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Later life (1945\u20131967)", "text": "He had the job of sweeping the streets, and got lost on his first day of work, which led him to tell astonished passers-by: \"I'm Puyi, the last Emperor of the Qing dynasty."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Abdication", "text": "Puyi first learned of Yuan's plans to become Emperor when he brought in army bands to serenade him whenever he had a meal, and he started on a decidedly imperial take on the presidency."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Emperor of China (1908\u20131912)", "text": "The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the Forbidden City", "text": "Puyi recalled of Johnston: \"I thought everything about him was first-rate."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty."}], "text": "Puyi was the first Emperor of China.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Puyi"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}], "id": "ytlGq5dJX53maH83040X", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, \"Rappaccini's Daughter\"."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The 2016 film Wakefield is a modern adaptation of the story of the same name."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne."}, {"section_header": "Critical response", "text": "He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they \"rivet the attention\" of the reader."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "The three stories were: \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\", which actually was one of the \"Twice-Told Tales\"; the Hawthorne novel"}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "\" The quote referenced may also be Hawthorne's way of acknowledging a belief that many of his stories were ironic retellings of familiar tropes."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication."}, {"section_header": "Publication", "text": "She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories."}], "text": "The story was the basis for a movie.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Twice-Told Tales"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 6, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "\"On 19 June 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama spoke at the Gate about nuclear arms reduction and the recently revealed U.S. internet surveillance activities."}], "id": "yuXOpTNajkNNfaoI8TZB", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Political history", "text": "\"On 19 June 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama spoke at the Gate about nuclear arms reduction and the recently revealed U.S. internet surveillance activities."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "German President Christian Wulff added, \"It has been shown once again: Freedom is invincible at the end."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "On 12 July 1994, U.S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about peace in post\u2013Cold War Europe."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol."}, {"section_header": "History | Design and construction", "text": "Citizens were originally allowed to use only the outermost two on each side."}, {"section_header": "Political history", "text": "In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker said: \"The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.\" On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "In addition, the central archway was also used by the coaches of ambassadors on the single occasion of their presenting their letters of credence to council."}, {"section_header": "History | 19th and early 20th centuries", "text": "After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg."}], "text": "The only US president to visit it was President Barack Obama.", "total_likes": 3, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Brandenburg Gate"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin was born in Excelsior District of San Francisco, California."}], "id": "z2dOpqvbZEBVh8H1kwdD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Major league career | Hall of Fame", "text": "Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "However, when Yawkey and Evans asked Cronin to scout Reese, Cronin realized he was scouting his replacement."}, {"section_header": "Legacy", "text": "Cronin was also remembered as a clutch hitter."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "\"I bought Cronin at a time he was hitting .221."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin attended Sacred Heart High School."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "You keep him and don't either you or Cronin show up at the ballpark."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Cronin was born in Excelsior District of San Francisco, California."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player", "text": "Engel first spotted Cronin playing in Kansas City."}, {"section_header": "Major league career | As a player-manager and manager", "text": "While Cronin was on his honeymoon with Mildred in his hometown of San Francisco, he got a message from Griffith\u2013the Boston Red Sox had offered the Senators their starting shortstop, Lyn Lary, in return for Cronin and $250,000."}], "text": "Joe Cronin is a Californian.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Joe Cronin"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "While in the role of president of the Red Birds, MacPhail came up with a plan to create a geographically based playoff system for determining the league champion of the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail had been recommended for the Reds position by Branch Rickey, who said that MacPhail was \"a wild man at times, but he'll do the job.\" After leaving the Reds, he spent about a year with his father's investment business before becoming executive vice-president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938."}], "id": "z2xl9HfUuHcVPc2c8nbD", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Leland Stanford \"Larry\" Leland Stanford \"Larry\" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 \u2013 October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "While in the role of president of the Red Birds, MacPhail came up with a plan to create a geographically based playoff system for determining the league champion of the American Association."}, {"section_header": "Entry into baseball", "text": "MacPhail had been recommended for the Reds position by Branch Rickey, who said that MacPhail was \"a wild man at times, but he'll do the job.\" After leaving the Reds, he spent about a year with his father's investment business before becoming executive vice-president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "He worked for a time with a Chicago law firm."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He served as a high-ranking executive, including club president and general manager, with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, and was a one-third owner of the Yankees from 1945 through 1947."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail"}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "An owner/breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses, his colt General Staff won the 1952 Narragansett Special at Narragansett Park and five other stake races that year."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "His other son Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was President of CNN Sports, brought on by Reese Schonfeld to create the department upon the network's launch."}, {"section_header": "Later life and legacy", "text": "Another, Drew MacPhail, is a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers' front office."}], "text": "Larry Macphail was a Chicago lawyer with five department stores who sued the Brooklyn Dodgers of the American Association for slander.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Larry MacPhail"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an individualistic young architect who designs modernist buildings and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation."}], "id": "z6ZRs8qHSwZiBMsv3Rpk", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "After Cameron retires, Keating hires Roark, whom Francon soon fires for refusing to design a building in the classical style."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Wanting to build a home for himself and his new wife, Wynand discovers that Roark designed every building he likes and so hires him."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Eighteen months later, the Wynand Building is under construction."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He recommends Roark to Hopton Stoddard, a wealthy acquaintance who wants to build a Temple of the Human Spirit."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Shortly after, Roark is notified that a client is ready to start a new building, and he returns to New York."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "He shuts down the Banner and commissions a final building from Roark, a skyscraper that will serve as a monument to human achievement."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an individualistic young architect who designs modernist buildings and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "In early 1922, Howard Roark is expelled from the architecture department of the Stanton Institute of Technology because he will not adhere to the school's preference for historical convention in building design."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Roark is opposed by what he calls \"second-handers\", who value conformity over independence and integrity."}, {"section_header": "Major characters | Ellsworth Toohey", "text": "He styles himself as representative of the will of the masses, but his actual desire is for power over others."}], "text": "The Fountainhead is about an engineer who builds big structures and is opposed to renew his building style.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Fountainhead"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism."}], "id": "z9Q998I7qeF6Sj3hukk4", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies."}, {"section_header": "Analysis and criticism", "text": "Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "All's Well All's Well That Ends Well. The New Cambridge Shakespeare (2 ed.)."}, {"section_header": "Bibliography", "text": "Styan, J. G., Shakespeare in Performance series: All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "That Ends Well have been found."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "No records of the early performances of All's Well"}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "Sporadic performances followed in the ensuing decades, with an operatic version at Covent Garden in 1832.The play, with plot elements drawn from romance and the ribald tale, depends on gender role conventions, both as expressed (Bertram) and challenged (Helena)."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis", "text": "Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles\u2014a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward\u2014as Lafew and the Countess have also said."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "With evolving conventions of gender roles, Victorian objections centred on the character of Helena, who was variously deemed predatory, immodest and both \"really despicable\" and a \"doormat\" by Ellen Terry, who also\u2014and rather contradictorily\u2014accused her of \"hunt[ing] men down in the most undignified way\"."}, {"section_header": "Performance history", "text": "Rehearsals at Drury Lane started in October 1741 but William Milward (1702\u20131742), playing the king, was taken ill, and the opening was delayed until the following 22 January."}], "text": "The play All's Well That Ends Well by William Shakespeare has gender role reversals.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All's Well That Ends Well"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He officiated in the National League from 1898 to 1900, followed by 31 years of service in the American League from 1901 to 1931."}], "id": "zAvb9g3ow9cYUrlaA0VD", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "While working in YMCA games, he was discovered by major league umpire Tim Hurst, who obtained a position for Connolly in the New England League, where he umpired from 1894 to 1897."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He officiated in the National League from 1898 to 1900, followed by 31 years of service in the American League from 1901 to 1931."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "In 1898, the National League (NL) brought Connolly up to the majors, but he was angered by the league president's reluctance to back up umpires' decisions on the field, and resigned in the middle of the 1900 season, then signed with the fledgling American League (AL) in 1901."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Thomas Henry Connolly (December 31, 1870 \u2013 April 28, 1961) was an English-American umpire in Major League Baseball."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Connolly and Klem are the only two umpires in history to have worked in five decades; Connolly's record of 31 years umpiring American League games was broken by Larry Barnett in 1999."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "In 1931, new AL president Will Harridge was concerned about widespread complaints that the quality of umpiring in the league had deteriorated, and Connolly retired from active field work to become the league's first supervisor of umpires."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In over half a century as an American League umpire and supervisor, he established the high standards for which the circuit's arbiters became known, and solidified the reputation for integrity of umpires in the major leagues."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "On April 24, 1901, Connolly had the privilege of umpiring, as its sole arbiter, the first AL game ever played."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Connolly was born in Manchester, England, and played cricket as a boy."}, {"section_header": "MLB career", "text": "Travelling throughout the league to work with other umpires and ensure that everyone's work was meeting the same high standards, he remained in that post until 1954, and came to be known as the nation's foremost expert on baseball rules."}], "text": "Tom Connolly officiated in the National League from 1898 to 1900, followed by 31 years of service in the American League from 1901 to 1931, and was discovered by major league umpire Tim Hurst, who obtained a position for Connolly in the New England League, where he umpired from 1894 to 1897.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Tom Connolly"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religion", "text": "After befriending a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Nicholas, after his move to Nice in 1924, he reconnected with his faith."}], "id": "zBoLAgTzoEMjZMDE4Xmd", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Religion", "text": "Stravinsky was a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church during most of his life, remarking at one time that, \"Music praises God."}, {"section_header": "Religion", "text": "He rejoined the Russian Orthodox Church and afterwards remained a committed Christian."}, {"section_header": "Religion", "text": "After befriending a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Nicholas, after his move to Nice in 1924, he reconnected with his faith."}, {"section_header": "Religion", "text": "Music is well or better able to praise him than the building of the church and all its decoration; it is the Church's greatest ornament.\" As a child, he was brought up by his parents in the Russian Orthodox Church."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the United States, 1939\u20131971 | 1945\u20131968", "text": "Craft later became Stravinsky's personal assistant and close friend, and encouraged him to compose serial music."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in France, 1920\u20131939", "text": "Here, the composer re-evaluated his religious beliefs and reconnected with his Christian faith with help from a Russian priest, Father Nicholas."}, {"section_header": "Music | Russian period (c. 1907\u20131919)", "text": "According to Taruskin, Stravinsky's second ballet for the Ballet Russes, Petrushka, is where \"Stravinsky at last became Stravinsky."}, {"section_header": "Personality", "text": "A fictionalization of the supposed affair formed the basis of the novel Coco and Igor (2002) and a film, Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009)."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8i\u0261\u0259r\u02b2 \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 str\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]; 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1882 \u2013 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor."}, {"section_header": "Biography | Life in the United States, 1939\u20131971 | 1945\u20131968", "text": "He had become increasingly frail and for the only time in his career, Stravinsky conducted while sitting down."}], "text": "Igor Stravinsky became devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church after becoming good friends with a priest.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Igor Stravinsky"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 5, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It made a profit of $3,715,000, making it the most profitable film in the history of RKO."}], "id": "zCahHqkpB6f5XdLZmBFJ", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "The film was enormously popular, earning receipts of $8 million in North America during its initial run, making it the highest-grossing movie of 1945 in the USA."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\" In the Land of Beginning Again\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" both charted briefly also."}, {"section_header": "Soundtrack", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's\" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's."}, {"section_header": "Adaptations", "text": "There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Box office", "text": "It made a profit of $3,715,000, making it the most profitable film in the history of RKO."}, {"section_header": "Cultural impact", "text": "In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,"}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "\"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946."}], "text": "Of all RKO movies, The Bells of St. Mary's has earned the most revenue.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "The Bells of St. Mary's"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following gradual deterioration, the Brooklyn Bridge has been renovated several times, including in the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s."}], "id": "zFzBwSeNyN5UTKGkclCH", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously."}, {"section_header": "History | 21st century", "text": "In July 2018, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission approved a further renovation of the Brooklyn Bridge's suspension towers and approach ramps."}, {"section_header": "History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries", "text": "Both Whalen and Roebling called for the renovation of the Brooklyn Bridge and the construction of a parallel bridge, though the parallel bridge was never built."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "In February 1867, the New York State Senate passed a bill that allowed the construction of a suspension bridge from Brooklyn to Manhattan."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built."}, {"section_header": "History | Planning", "text": "The company was tasked with constructing what was then known as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "The New York and Brooklyn Bridge was opened for use on May 24, 1883."}, {"section_header": "History | Opening", "text": "Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only bridge across the East River at that time, it was also called the East River Bridge."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Following gradual deterioration, the Brooklyn Bridge has been renovated several times, including in the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s."}], "text": "The Brooklyn Bridge in New York was the longest suspension bridge when it was built and has not been renovated.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Brooklyn Bridge"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence was commissioned as the Federal Bureau of Prisons needed a unit designed specifically for the secure housing of those prisoners most capable of violence toward staff or other inmates."}], "id": "zIh7AoDSzQCJ41FB0vB8", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (USP Florence ADMAX) is an American federal prison in unincorporated Fremont County near Florence, Colorado."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "ADX Florence is a 37-acre (15 ha) complex located at 5880 Highway 67, Florence, Colorado, about 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and 40 miles (64 km) south of Colorado Springs."}, {"section_header": "Suicides at the prison", "text": "Six of the eight are white with one African-American and one American Indian."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence was commissioned as the Federal Bureau of Prisons needed a unit designed specifically for the secure housing of those prisoners most capable of violence toward staff or other inmates."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High."}, {"section_header": "Function", "text": "ADX Florence houses male inmates in the federal prison system who are deemed the most dangerous and in need of the tightest control, including prisoners whose escape would pose a serious threat to national security."}, {"section_header": "Function", "text": "It is part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex, which is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), a division of the United States Department of Justice."}, {"section_header": "Prison facility", "text": "The Bureau of Prisons allowed the media to take a guided tour of ADX Florence on September 14, 2007."}, {"section_header": "Inmate population", "text": "According to a 1998 report in the San Francisco Chronicle, ADX Florence's main purpose is to \"try and extract reasonably peaceful behavior from extremely violent career prisoners\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The aim is to encourage \"reasonably peaceful behavior\" from the most violent \"career\" prisoners."}], "text": "The American federal prison ADX Florence In Colorado is for the most violent prisoners.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "ADX Florence"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "From April 25, 2017, until his death on November 13 of that year, Doerr was the oldest living former major league player."}], "id": "zNoiXLpdMXNpl7oaZrYU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "Upon the death of former New York Yankees executive and American League president Lee MacPhail in November 2012, Doerr became the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "They had one son. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "On July 29, 2007, the Hall of Fame honored Doerr after the induction of Cal Ripken, Jr. and Tony Gwynn."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "On November 4, 2016, Doerr became the oldest living former major leaguer upon the death of Eddie Carnett."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "From April 25, 2017, until his death on November 13 of that year, Doerr was the oldest living former major league player."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "Reflecting on being inducted into the Hall of Fame and having his number retired by the Red Sox, Doerr said, \"If I had played on a world champion, that would have made my life complete."}, {"section_header": "Later life", "text": "He made annual trips to the Hall of Fame induction at Cooperstown, New York until 2008, after which he stopped attending."}, {"section_header": "Later life | Longevity and records", "text": "He became the oldest living former Red Sox player upon the death of Lou Lucier in October 2014."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "He was the last living person who played in the major leagues in the 1930s, and was the oldest of only three living people who made their MLB debut before U.S. involvement in World War II (the other two being Chuck Stevens and Fred Caligiuri)."}], "text": "Bobby Doerr is the oldest living member of the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 2, "wikipedia_page": "Bobby Doerr"}
{"category": "Geography", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sweden (; Swedish: Sverige [\u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige [\u02c8k\u00f4\u02d0n\u0275\u014ba\u02ccri\u02d0k\u025bt \u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe."}], "id": "zROGqc1SADVjTJPPLi8g", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Norrland, which covers approximately 60% of the Swedish territory, has a very low population density (below 5 people per square kilometre)."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "The population density is 22.5 people per km\u00b2 (58.2 per square mile) and it is substantially higher in the south than in the north."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area."}, {"section_header": "Demographics", "text": "Low population density exists also in large parts of western Svealand, as well as southern and central Sm\u00e5land."}, {"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology", "text": "Sweden tops other European countries in the number of published scientific works per capita."}, {"section_header": "History | Swedish Empire", "text": "Before the emergence of the Swedish Empire, Sweden was a poor and scarcely populated country on the fringe of European civilisation, with no significant power or reputation."}, {"section_header": "Demographics | Health", "text": "Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality."}, {"section_header": "History | Recent history", "text": "In recent decades Sweden has become a more culturally diverse nation due to significant immigration; in 2013 it was estimated that 15 per cent of the population was foreign-born, and an additional 5 per cent of the population were born to two immigrant parents."}, {"section_header": "Geography", "text": "The highest population density is in the \u00d6resund Region in southern Sweden, along the western coast up to central Bohusl\u00e4n, and in the valley of lake M\u00e4laren and Stockholm."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Sweden (; Swedish: Sverige [\u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige [\u02c8k\u00f4\u02d0n\u0275\u014ba\u02ccri\u02d0k\u025bt \u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe."}], "text": "Sweden is a Eastern European country and has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Sweden"}
{"category": "Sports", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "While driving a car given to him by admirers, Jennings' car overturned while crossing a bridge over the Lehigh River near Gouldsboro, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Scranton."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident."}], "id": "zYjbhCT5rh2n3BzSVxRW", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "While driving a car given to him by admirers, Jennings' car overturned while crossing a bridge over the Lehigh River near Gouldsboro, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Scranton."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "In the crash, Jennings again fractured his skull, suffered a concussion of the brain, and broke both legs and his left arm."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Hugh Ambrose Jennings (April 2, 1869 \u2013 February 1, 1928) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925."}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "After that, Jennings was forced to move to first base."}, {"section_header": "The \"Ee-Yah\" years: 1907\u20131920", "text": "The \"Ee-Yah\" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie \"Ee-Yah\" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout \"Ee-Yah\" when Jennings appeared on the field. (See also Jack Smile,"}, {"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles: 1893\u20131899", "text": "Jennings was also one of the best fielding shortstops of the era."}, {"section_header": "Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice", "text": "Jennings practiced law in Baltimore and in Scranton, Pennsylvania."}, {"section_header": "A lifetime of tragic accidents", "text": "Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents."}], "text": "Hugh Jennings was injured in a car crash in 1911.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Hugh Jennings"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Early life", "text": "That summer, her father died unexpectedly from a sudden case of appendicitis."}], "id": "zc6jyGVVSDmDPnQRwkpo", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Jane Addams's philosophy of peace is a type of positive peace."}, {"section_header": "Relationships", "text": "Together they owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Their goal was to develop a framework to end the violence of war."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Addams's father encouraged her to pursue higher education but close to home."}, {"section_header": "Relationships", "text": "Her second romantic partner was Mary Rozet Smith, who was financially wealthy and supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she shared a house."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "The delegates adopted a series of resolutions addressing these problems and called for extending the franchise and women's meaningful inclusion in formal international peace processes at war's end."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Peace movement", "text": "Addams was invited by European women peace activists to preside over the International Congress of Women in The Hague, 28\u201330 April 1915, and was chosen to head the commission to find an end to the war."}, {"section_header": "Politics | Pacifism", "text": "Addams's work came to fruition after World War I, when major institutional bodies began to link peace with social justice and probe the underlying causes of war and conflict."}, {"section_header": "Legacy | Sociology", "text": "She worked with American philosopher, George H. Mead, and John Dewey on social reform issues, including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike."}, {"section_header": "Hull House | Near west side neighborhood", "text": "The ethnic mix is recorded by the Bethlehem-Howard Neighborhood Center: \"Germans and Jews resided south of that inner core (south of Twelfth Street) ... The Greek delta formed by Harrison, Halsted Street, and Blue Island Streets served as a buffer to the Irish residing to the north and the French Canadians to the northwest.\" Italians resided within the inner core of the Hull House Neighborhood ... from the river on the east end, on out to the western ends of what came to be known as Little Italy."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "That summer, her father died unexpectedly from a sudden case of appendicitis."}], "text": "Jane Addams' dad was ended by his own inflamed appendix.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Jane Addams"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 4, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "With writer A. E. Hotchner, Newman founded Newman's Own, a line of food products, in 1982."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "The brand started with salad dressing and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things."}], "id": "zgxXatF265QGnAiN8gTU", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "In 1968, Newman was named Man of the Year by Harvard University's performance group, the Hasty Pudding Theatricals."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "The brand started with salad dressing and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "During the 1968 general election, Newman supported Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey and appeared in a pre-election night telethon for him."}, {"section_header": "Personal life", "text": "Newman met actress Joanne Woodward in 1953, on the production of Picnic on Broadway."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "With writer A. E. Hotchner, Newman founded Newman's Own, a line of food products, in 1982."}, {"section_header": "Auto racing", "text": "He became closely associated with the brand during the 1980s, even appearing in commercials for them in Japan and having a special edition of the Nissan Skyline named after him."}, {"section_header": "Political activism", "text": "For his support of Eugene McCarthy in 1968 (and effective use of television commercials in California) and his opposition to the Vietnam War, Newman was placed nineteenth on Richard Nixon's enemies list, which Newman claimed was his greatest accomplishment."}, {"section_header": "Career", "text": "He made his Broadway theater debut in the original production of William Inge's Picnic with Kim Stanley in 1953 and appeared in the original Broadway production of The Desperate Hours in 1955."}, {"section_header": "Early life", "text": "Newman showed an early interest in the theater; his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood."}, {"section_header": "Philanthropy", "text": "Paul Newman remained a friend of the company until his death and discussed at numerous times possible productions in which he could star with his wife, Joanne Woodward."}], "text": "In 1968 Newman had a brand covering lots of products but not foodstuffs.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 6, "wikipedia_page": "Paul Newman"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vonnegut's fourth novel, it was first published in 1963, exploring and satirizing issues of science, technology, the purpose of religion, and the arms race, often through the use of black humor."}], "id": "zhMFpirUazN3kP28YtD4", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Characters", "text": "He only appears once in the novel in person: in the very final chapter."}, {"section_header": "Awards and nominations", "text": "Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964."}, {"section_header": "Synopsis | Background", "text": "The events of the novel evidently occur before the narrator was converted to his current religion, Bokononism."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "She dies when she blows on a clarinet contaminated with ice-nine after the apocalyptic event at the end of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut."}, {"section_header": "Characters", "text": "She is expected to marry Monzano's successor, and she therefore agrees to marry the narrator before the disaster at the end of the novel."}, {"section_header": "Bokononism", "text": "The semi-humorous religion secretly practiced by the people of San Lorenzo, called Bokononism, encompasses concepts unique to the novel."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Vonnegut's fourth novel, it was first published in 1963, exploring and satirizing issues of science, technology, the purpose of religion, and the arms race, often through the use of black humor."}, {"section_header": "Themes", "text": "The Cuban Missile Crisis, in which world powers collided around a small Caribbean island, bringing the world to the brink of mutual assured destruction, occurred in 1962, and much of the novel can be seen as allegorical."}, {"section_header": "Influence", "text": "From Tom Robbins' 1971 novel Another Roadside Attraction: \"In Bokonon, it is written that 'peculiar travel suggestions are dancing lessons from God.'\" The 1963 Discordian text Principia Discordia presents Bokonon as an example of a \"Brigadier Saint\" in its Classification of Saints."}], "text": "This is a sci-fi novel writen by kurzgesagt.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Cat's Cradle"}
{"category": "History", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Witch hunts", "text": "James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches."}], "id": "zpZgBJtoUqOmEtnhSxPS", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Witch hunts", "text": "He attended the North Berwick witch trials, the first major persecution of witches in Scotland under the Witchcraft Act 1563."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Witch hunts", "text": "James became concerned with the threat posed by witches and wrote Daemonologie in 1597, a tract inspired by his personal involvement that opposed the practice of witchcraft and that provided background material for Shakespeare's Tragedy of Macbeth."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Witch hunts", "text": "James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "It was against this background that James VI authorised the \"Gentleman Adventurers of Fife\" to civilise the \"most barbarous Isle of Lewis\" in 1598."}, {"section_header": "Issue", "text": "Succeeded James I & VI. Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602 \u2013 27 May 1602)."}, {"section_header": "Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands", "text": "The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as \"Erse\" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature."}, {"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours, and arms | Arms", "text": "The Scottish crest and motto was retained, following the Scottish practice the motto In defens (which is short for In My Defens"}, {"section_header": "King and Church", "text": "James was strict in enforcing conformity at first, inducing a sense of persecution amongst many Puritans; but ejections and suspensions from livings became rarer as the reign continued."}, {"section_header": "Health and death", "text": "James described his urine to physician Th\u00e9odore de Mayerne as being the \"dark red colour of Alicante wine\"."}], "text": "James VI and I was an ally to females who were being persecuted for possibly practicing witchcraft.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "James VI and I"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 3, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army Special Forces officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane."}], "id": "zqGviclrsqweSkMYmJdd", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Adaptation", "text": "The horror!\" are taken from Conrad's novella."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Redux", "text": "The singing stops. As they pass on by, Chief notes out loud, \"That's comin' from where we goin', Captain."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army Special Forces officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane."}, {"section_header": "Reception | Legacy", "text": "Part Deux, includes a brief scene in which Charlie is riding a boat up a river in Iraq while on a rescue mission and passes Martin, as Captain Willard, going the other way."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "In the bridge scene, he mentions having taken LSD."}, {"section_header": "Other versions | Apocalypse Now Final Cut", "text": "In April 2019, Coppola showed Apocalypse Now Final Cut for the 40th anniversary screening at the Tribeca Film Festival."}, {"section_header": "Production | Development", "text": "It would have been too simple to have followed the book completely."}, {"section_header": "Cast", "text": "His dialogue follows that of the Russian \"harlequin\" in Conrad's story."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Willard suffocates Chief and Lance buries him in the river."}], "text": "Apocalypse Now follows a river voyage taken by a captain.", "total_likes": 2, "total_votes": 5, "wikipedia_page": "Apocalypse Now"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is based on the true story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice."}], "id": "zquaqgFGnoBsSbnJqLty", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical drama film."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics | Stage adaptation", "text": "A stage adaptation of Chariots of Fire was mounted in honour of the 2012 Olympics."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Since its release, Chariots of Fire has received generally positive reviews from critics."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics", "text": "Chariots of Fire became a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "Puttnam chose Hugh Hudson, a multiple award-winning advertising and documentary filmmaker who had never helmed a feature film, to direct Chariots of Fire."}, {"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Characters", "text": "In Chariots of Fire, Lindsay, who is based on Lord Burghley, runs the Great Court Run with Abrahams in order to spur him on, and crosses the finish line just a moment too late."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The film's title was inspired by the line, \"Bring me my Chariot of fire!\" , from the William Blake poem adapted into the British hymn \"Jerusalem\"; the hymn is heard at the end of the film."}, {"section_header": "Production | Script and direction", "text": "However, Lowe refused to have anything to do with the film, and his character was written out and replaced by the fictional character of Lord Andrew Lindsay."}, {"section_header": "Revival for the 2012 Olympics", "text": "The runners who first tested the new Olympic Park were spurred on by the Chariots of Fire theme tune, and the iconic music was also used to fanfare the carriers of the Olympic flame on parts of its route through the UK."}, {"section_header": "Production | Music", "text": "Vangelis finally convinced Hudson he could create a new and better piece for the film's main theme \u2013 and when he played the now-iconic \"Chariots of Fire\" theme for Hudson, it was agreed the new tune was unquestionably better."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "It is based on the true story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice."}], "text": "Chariots of Fire is a fiction story.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Chariots of Fire"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South."}], "id": "zsCIPkgHhWv4wz9adevg", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Themes | Class and religion", "text": "In Light in August, as in most of the other novels set in Yoknapatawpha County, Faulkner focuses mainly on poor white Southerners, both from the upper and lower classes, who struggle to survive in the ruined post-war economy of the South."}, {"section_header": "Themes | Christian allegory", "text": "Light in August has 21 chapters, as does the Gospel of St. John."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Light in August is a 1932 novel by the Southern (American) author William Faulkner."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": "However, after a casual remark by his wife Estelle on the quality of the light in August, Faulkner changed the title."}, {"section_header": "Characters | Major characters", "text": "Joanna Burden \u2013 the sole survivor in Jefferson of a family of abolitionists from New England who came to Jefferson after the Civil War."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Light in August 54th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."}, {"section_header": "Reception", "text": "According to Michael Millgate, though it is not typically considered Faulkner's best novel, Light in August was recognized early on as being \"a major text, central to any understanding or evaluation of his career as a whole.\" He argues that many of the early American critics, most of whom were urban Northerners who viewed the South as backward and reactionary, focused on Faulkner's technical innovation in the field of narrative but missed or ignored the regional details and interconnectedness of the characters and setting to other works by the author."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "Unlike some of the other Yoknapatawpha County novels, Light in August does not rely solely on stream-of-consciousness narration, but also incorporates dialogue and an omniscient third-person narrator that develop the story."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure", "text": "According to Daniel Joseph Singal, Faulkner's literary style gradually developed from 19th century Victorian to modernist, with Light in August more firmly grounded in the tradition of the latter."}, {"section_header": "Style and structure | Title", "text": ".in August in Mississippi there"}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South."}], "text": "Light in August is set in England.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "Light in August"}
{"category": "Popular Culture", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Plot | Themes and imagery", "text": "One central motif of the novel is that all actions have consequences, and that it is impossible for an individual to stand aloof and be a mere observer of life, as Jack tries to do (first as a graduate student doing historical research and later as a wisecracking newspaperman)."}], "id": "ztSQjAp5CC5X8TeU1tHq", "label": "REFUTES", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men."}, {"section_header": "Plot", "text": "Warren claimed that All the King's Men was \"never intended to be a book about politics\"."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Themes and imagery", "text": "It is in this sense that the characters are \"all the king's men\", a line taken from the poem Humpty Dumpty (Penn biographer Joseph Blotner also notes, \"Like Humpty Dumpty, each of the major characters has experienced a fall of some kind\")."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Themes and imagery", "text": "One central motif of the novel is that all actions have consequences, and that it is impossible for an individual to stand aloof and be a mere observer of life, as Jack tries to do (first as a graduate student doing historical research and later as a wisecracking newspaperman)."}, {"section_header": "Plot | Themes and imagery", "text": "But this vicarious achievement will eventually fail; ultimately Jack realizes that one must \"go out of history into history and the awful responsibility of Time\"."}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "A Soviet TV adaptation named Vsya Korolevskaya Rat' (All the King's Men) was produced in 1971 by Byelorussian TV."}, {"section_header": "Critical reception", "text": "Nevertheless, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men is magnificently vital reading, a book so charged with dramatic tension"}, {"section_header": "Film and stage adaptations", "text": "Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947."}], "text": "One of the themes of All the King's Men is that journalism elevates ordinary men into unbiased observers of their time.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "All the King's Men"}
{"category": "Music", "correct_votes": 2, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "Her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like \"Independent Women\" and \"Survivor\", but after the start of her relationship with Jay-Z, she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as \"Cater 2 U\"."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Endorsements", "text": "In 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi."}], "id": "zvFqUJFmUIopZhuU95iL", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "Business and ventures | Endorsements", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 launched her first official fragrance, Heat, in 2010."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Endorsements", "text": "In 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2013\u20132015: Beyonc\u00e9", "text": "In April 2014, after much speculation, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z officially announced their On the Run Tour."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Endorsements", "text": "Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyonc\u00e9's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 percent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2019\u2013present: Homecoming, The Lion King and Black Is King", "text": "On November 1, 2017, her role was confirmed in an official announcement."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love", "text": "The pair also released the video for the album's lead single, \"Apeshit\", on Beyonc\u00e9's official YouTube channel."}, {"section_header": "Business and ventures | Philanthropy", "text": "Beyonc\u00e9 participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition"}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "In 2001, she became the first black woman and second female lyricist to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards."}, {"section_header": "Life and career | 2016\u20132018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love", "text": "The couple announced the joint tour officially as On the Run II Tour on March 12 and simultaneously released a trailer for the tour on YouTube."}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "\"Beyonc\u00e9's music is generally R&B, pop and hip hop"}, {"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and songwriting", "text": "Her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like \"Independent Women\" and \"Survivor\", but after the start of her relationship with Jay-Z, she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as \"Cater 2 U\"."}], "text": "Beyonce is an official endorser of a soda pop.", "total_likes": 1, "total_votes": 3, "wikipedia_page": "Beyonc\u00e9"}
{"category": "Literature", "correct_votes": 0, "gold_evidence": [{"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "id": "zxmbjcpXk4Wkpil6esvi", "label": "SUPPORTS", "retrieved_evidence": [{"section_header": "LXXII\u2013LXXIII [72-73] (The Italian Cantos)", "text": "Written between 1944 and 1945.These two cantos, written in Italian, were not collected until their posthumous inclusion in the 1987 revision of the complete text of the poem."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "The kernel of this canto is the idea that the Roman Empire's preference for Christianity over Apollonius and its lack respect for its currency resulted in the almost total loss of the \"true\" religious tradition for a thousand years."}, {"section_header": "XCVI\u2013CIX [96-109] (Thrones)", "text": "This canto introduces the figure of St. Anselm of Canterbury, who is to feature over the rest of this section of the long poem."}, {"section_header": "LXXIV\u2013LXXXIV [74-84] (The Pisan Cantos)", "text": "This thread then runs through the appearance of Kuanon, the Buddhist goddess of mercy, the moon spirit from Hagaromo (a Noh play translated by Pound some 40 years earlier), Sigismondo's lover Ixotta (linked in the text with Aphrodite via a reference to the goddess' birthplace Cythera), a girl painted by Manet and finally Aphrodite herself, rising from the sea on her shell and rescuing Pound/Odysseus from his raft."}, {"section_header": "Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX\u2013CXVII [110-117]", "text": "Laughlin pushed Pound to publish an authorised edition, and the poet responded by supplying the more-or-less abandoned drafts and fragments he had, plus two fragments dating from 1941."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "Senator Thomas Hart Benton's Thirty Years View: Or"}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "The two main written sources for the Rock Drill cantos are the Confucian Classic of History, in an edition by the French Jesuit S\u00e9raphin Couvreur, which contained the Chinese text and translations into Latin and French under the title Chou King (which Pound uses in the poem), and"}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "Towards the end of the canto, the Make it new ideograms from Canto LIII reappear as the poem moves back towards the world of myth, closing with another phrase from the Divine Comedy, this time from Purgatorio, Canto XXVIII."}, {"section_header": "LII\u2013LXI [52-61] (The China Cantos)", "text": "De Mailla was a French Jesuit who spent 37 years in Peking and wrote his history there."}, {"section_header": "LXXXV\u2013XCV [85-95] (Section: Rock-Drill)", "text": "A History of the American Government for Thirty Years From 1820\u20131850, which covers the period of the bank wars."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards."}, {"section_header": "Summary", "text": "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto."}], "text": "The Cantos is a poem with most of it written over a 40 plus year time span.", "total_likes": 0, "total_votes": 0, "wikipedia_page": "The Cantos"}