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2.01k
⌀ | subject_name
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values | topic_name
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values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2ab8b27b-1646-4886-8378-f2f11f84a79e
|
Which acid does not show coagulation necrosis on contact?
|
HC1
|
H,SO4
|
HF
|
HNO3
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans: C. HF(Ref Reddy 34/e p493, 33/e p530; Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3/e p220; Forensic Pathology 3/ep241, 110).HF does not show coagulation necrosis on contact.Hydrofluoric acid causes liquefaction necrosis.
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
b8e55476-5037-418e-afe3-2d7ca5174a31
|
The oral findings in erythroblastosis fetal's include
|
Dentinal dysplasia
|
Hypoplastic teeth
|
Pigmented teeth
|
All of the above
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Pathology
| null |
fcbb415d-5122-4a17-8042-196d3e5add29
|
A 14 year old boy has delayed eruption of the
second molar. Radiography shows a dentigerous cyst surrounding the crown of the tooth. The treatment of choice is:
|
Extraction of the molar
|
Aspiration of the cyst
|
Observe
|
Expose the crown and keep it exposed
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Surgery
| null |
46e4c25f-f518-43a9-bad7-481cb1a16416
|
Before an arbitrary face bow transfer record, the dentist must determine:
|
Physiologic rest position
|
Inclination of each condyle
|
Axial centre of rotation of condyle
|
Kinematic axis of movement of condyle
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
a9b0fecd-41ee-4e52-87a9-12e7048e6615
|
Asseion: In a patient admitted to hospital for community acquired pneumonia, combination therapy of beta lactams and azithromycin is given.Reason : This combination covers gram positive organisms and anaerobes.
|
Both reason and asseion are true
|
Asseion is true but reason is false.
|
Asseion is true but reason is paially true for asseion
|
Both asseion & reason are not true.
| 1b
|
multi
|
Ans. B. Asseion is true but reason is false.* Combination is given to cover atypical bacteria.* The CDC and others recommend outpatient oral empirical antibiotics with a macrolide, doxycycline, or an oral betalactam (amoxicillin, cefuroxime , or amoxicillin/clavulanate ) or inpatient treatment with an intravenous betalactam (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone , cefotaxime ) or a combination of ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) with a macrolide
|
Pharmacology
| null |
46c8e8cf-5930-486f-ad11-99b9339c12ab
|
Reticular fibers of collagen tissues are present in all of the following except:
|
Thymus
|
Spleen
|
Bone marrow
|
Lymph node
| 0a
|
multi
|
Ans: A. ThymusReticular fibers of collagen tissues are present in Spleen, Bone marrow & Lymph node but not in thymus.Reticulin:Type of fiber in connective tissue.Composed of type III collagen.Secreted by reticular cells.Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork.Acts as a suppoing mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow & tissues and organs of lymphatic system.
|
Anatomy
| null |
9ba1d3cf-434c-4f68-ab5f-0ccbe263e3a5
|
In universal pro-taper retreatment file end cutting tip is seen in?
|
D-1
|
D-2
|
D-3
|
None of the above
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
5b612728-c228-4423-8fd8-fde0ff1d3f68
|
Criteria for infant at risk?
|
Working mothers
|
Have not taken 100 days folic acid
|
Preclampsia is pregnancy
|
Malpresentation during bih
| 2c
|
single
|
Infant safe Infant risk Working mothers Have not taken 100 days folic acid Malpresentation during bih Preclampsia in pregnancy
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
AIIMS 2019
|
6380bf46-988e-4ed8-8add-f57fa7bb61fc
|
Most common cyst associated with adjoining vital teeth?
|
Dentigerous cyst
|
Globulomaxillary cyst
|
Periapical cyst
|
Lateral periodontal cyst
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Pathology
| null |
643e9f4a-030c-45b2-867a-2393445afea3
|
Drug acting on cell wall of gram positive bacteria:March 2009
|
Gentamycin
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Tetracycline
|
Vancomycin
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans. D: VancomycinVancomycins bind to the peptides of the peptidoglycan monomers and block both the formation of gycosidic bonds between the sugars by the transgycosidase enzymes and the formation of the peptide cross-links by the transpeptidase enzymes. This results in a weak cell wall and osmotic lysis of the bacterium.The fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, etc.) work by inhibiting one or more of a group of enzymes called topoisomerase, enzymes needed for supercoiling, replication and separation of circular bacterial DNA.For example, DNA gyrase is a topoisomerase that catalyzes the negative supercoiling of the circular DNA found in bacteria. Topoisomerase IV, on the other hand, is involved in the relaxation of the supercoiled circular DNA, enabling the separation of the interlinked daughter chromosomes at the end of bacterial DNA replication.In gram-positive bacteria, the main target for fluoroquinolones is DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II), an enzyme responsible for supercoiling of bacterial DNA during DNA replication; in gram-negative bacteria, the primary target is topoisomerase IV, an enzyme responsible for relaxation of supercoiled circular DNA and separation of the inter-linked daughter chromosomes.The tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline, etc.) block bacterial translation by binding reversibly to the 30S subunit and distoing it in such a way that the anticodons of the charged tRNAs cannot align properly with the codons of the mRNA.The aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc.) bind irreversibly to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.
|
Pharmacology
| null |
cd0edc92-8fb3-4f97-b0ce-d74446009179
|
A person was advised by his ohopedic surgeon to get regular dressing of his wound done. But the patient did not give much care. During follow-up, patient was repeatedly told to get the dressing done timely but patient didn't do the dressing himself, saying that he was busy. Finally the wound enlarged and the underlying bone developed osteomyelitis. Which of the following statement is true regarding above-mentioned situation?
|
Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine
|
Doctor is not guilty under "Contributory negligence"
|
Doctor is punishable under avoidable negligence
|
Doctor is guilty as he prescribed wrong medicines
| 0a
|
multi
|
Ans: A. Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine(Ref Reddy 34/e p38, 33/e p40)Last Clear Chance Doctrine:Possibility of doctor saving the patient (plaintiff) by dressing wound properly the 2nd time, hence curing without osteomyelitis development.Hence, doctor is paly guilty for the outcome (osteomyelitis).Criteria included:Failure of doctor to prevent damage resulting from negligent act of patient, even after getting clear time, he cannot plead contributory negligence in civil cases.Elements of proof:Defendant- Doctor.Defendant recognized the danger & acquired a duty to avoid it.Defendant failed to avoid danger.Plaintiff - Patient.Plaintiff placed themselves in a situation of risk or danger through their own negligence.Plaintiff could not avoid the danger.Plaintiff was injured as a result of the defendant's failure.
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
98035f50-53b3-47c8-b340-392237162fb2
|
Condensation reaction occurs in
|
Agar
|
Alginate
|
Polysulfide
|
ZOE
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
065b4850-1738-4a30-9c3f-1fb89d9c0123
|
Maximum level of alpha fetoprotein is seen in:
|
Fetal serum
|
Placenta
|
Amniotic fluid
|
Maternal serum
| 0a
|
single
|
Alpha fetoprotein is the most abundant protein in the fetal serum throughout fetal development.
It is transferred from fetus to amniotic fluid when fetus passes urine.
The concentration of AFP in amniotic fluid is approximately 100 folds less than in fetal serum, peaks at 13-14 weeks and then decreases in the second trimester (by 10% per week).
AFP reaches the maternal serum by diffusion across the amniotic membranes and via the placenta.
The level of AFP in maternal serum is less than fetal serum as is suggested by:
“Fetal serum contains AFP in a concentration 150 times that of maternal serum”.
COGDT 10/e, p 185
“Ordinarily high level of fetoprotein are found in developing fetus and low levels exist in maternal serum and amniotic fluid”.
Mannual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Fishback 7/e, p 995
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
713b94cf-fc1e-4c32-b28e-f187cf86562d
|
IOTN is not used for which malocclusion?
|
Open bite
|
CLP
|
Bimaxillary protrusion
|
Crowding
| 2c
|
single
|
Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need
This index applies to those malocclusions that are not amenable to orthodontic treatment alone, due to skeletal deformity, and will ordinarily apply to those patients who will have completed facial growth prior to surgery (commonly 18 years of age and older) It relates only to the functional need for treatment and should be used in combination with appropriate psychological and other clinical indicators.
|
Dental
| null |
876a5607-e467-4745-b315-13812c405904
|
A 16 years old girl came for evaluation of primary amenorrhea. She was having hirsutism, irregular bleeding and infeility, diagnosed as PCOS. Which of the following drugs should not be given?
|
Spironolactone
|
Tamoxifen
|
OCPs
|
Clomiphene citrate
| 1b
|
single
|
Answer- B. TamoxifenMedical Treatment of PCOSEstrogen best given with progesterone (combined OCPs) with no androgenic propeiesHirsutism is treated with cyproterone acetate or spironolactone.Infeility is treated with Clomiphene, 80% ovulate and 40% conceive.In Clomiphene failed group, ovulation can be induced with FSH or GnRH analogues.Metformin treats the root cause of PCOS, rectifies endocrine and metabolic functions and improves feility and isdrug of choice.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
bd2d1f59-a803-4311-b0b5-65dff935f85c
|
Culture media of candida is:
|
Methylene blue dextrose agar
|
Saboraud's medium
|
Pingolevin
|
All of the above
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Microbiology
| null |
be168ef1-fee0-4f80-9c60-6259e78b56b9
|
Migratory motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of:
|
60 minutes
|
90 minutes
|
120 minutes
|
150 minutes
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans: B. 90 minutes(Ref Ganong 25/e p496, 24/e p498)Migrating motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of 90 minutes.MMCs:Initiated by motilin.Circulating motilin increases at intervals of 100 min in interdigestive state.Coordinated with contractile phases of MMC.Contractions migrate aborally at a rate of about 5 cm/ min.
|
Physiology
| null |
7405ebae-1cba-48c4-bf16-8dea393e97ee
|
Which of the following movements are performed by a non — working condyle?
|
Straightward
|
Down wards forwards and lateral
|
Down wards forwards and medial
|
Down wards Back wards and medial
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
ad724a47-320a-4b79-81d9-8bea8da0f4a5
|
Without supervision, allowed to give dentures
|
Denturist
|
Hygienist
|
School Dental nurse
|
Dental therapist
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
16759fbf-ac94-4ec3-9fde-0702eee3eac5
|
Which of the following is an example of placebo?
|
Herbal medication with no known effect
|
Physiotherapy
|
Sham surgery
|
Cognitive behavioral therapy
| 2c
|
single
|
* In sham surgery, surgery is done without any purpose; we just open the abdomen in one person and close it, in other person appendix is removed; this is done to see whether appendectomy has any advantage.* Placebos (fake drug/dummy medicine) are used in clinical trials to compare the two treatments; it can't produce any effect. * Herbal medication can produce some effects.* Physiotherapy can also produce effects.
|
Pharmacology
|
AIIMS 2017
|
c54d9bde-0f32-4f38-a236-875013438ba9
|
Increased VDO results in
|
Strained facial appearance
|
Trauma to underlying tissues
|
Clicking of teeth
|
All of the above
| 3d
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
1b9ecfa4-d168-458c-891c-e3a30b5f6e77
|
Indirect Retainer is placed:
|
Near direct retainer
|
As far as possible from fulcrum line
|
Near fulcrum line
|
Near edentulous area
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
67a5354d-9a42-436a-be77-eacc7d10cd7c
|
Enamel hatchet is differentiated from chisel by all except:
|
Curved in one plane only
|
Blade is larger
|
Blade is perpendicular to the long axis of handle
|
Blade is heavier
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
a31714d8-1531-4865-8d0d-f2430b8d68c1
|
Toxic shock syndrome is due to the following virulence factor:
|
M protein
|
Pyrogenic exotoxin
|
Streptolysin 0
|
Carbohydrate cell wall
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Microbiology
| null |
00b083b3-b213-4b45-bbc4-301c4156576c
|
Which of the following is not true about latent phase of labour?
|
According to ACOG it stas after 3-4 cm cervical dilatation but they are planning to increase it to 5 cm
|
Begins at the end of active phase and is a pa of 1st stage of labour
|
Patient may present with false labour due to mild cramps
|
Stas with contractions of the uterus
| 2c
|
multi
|
Answer- C. Patient may present with false labour due to mild crampsIt stas at the point at which mother perceives true labour pains and ends when cervix is 3cm dilated and 1.5 cm/hour for parous cervix.Duration in nulliparous is 6-8 hours and 5.3 hours in multiparous (average 4-6 hours).Mainly concerned with cervical effacement
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
167c89ae-1898-497f-87c4-805a65c7a9bd
|
Supporting cusps occlude in:
|
Central fossa
|
Marginal ridges.
|
Embrassures.
|
Both AB
| 3d
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
fde19aa5-8a95-46c2-bbf9-5421b8d83b41
|
The depth of clinical gingival sulcus is the distance between the gingival margin to the
|
Cementoenamel Junction
|
Alveolar crest
|
Apical extension of junctional epithelium
|
Apical penetration of the probe
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
f1f7b5b5-1446-4c3b-b863-6f933689cb95
|
Which of the following increases callus formation:
|
Rigid immobilization
|
Movement at fracture site
|
Compression plating
|
Intraosseous nailing
| 1b
|
multi
|
Ans: B. Movement at fracture site (Ref Apley 9/e p689)Micro movements at fracture site encourages vascular proliferation -Increases callus formation.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
4329bad6-ab20-42bc-8cb5-b89601d7bdee
|
Gingival massage increases blood supply in:
|
Epidermis
|
Basal layer
|
Lamina propria
|
All of the above
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
0b98d76f-ea90-4e4e-9af0-881362b7bae3
|
Large anterior fontanelles, open sutures, slanting eyes,
decreased sexual development, macroglossia and enamel hypoplasia are seen in:
|
Craniofacial dysostosis
|
Down's syndrome
|
Treacher Collins syndrome
|
Marfan's syndrome
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Pathology
| null |
b3163789-82b3-4054-aabe-3a2b90aa7a98
|
Which marker shows holocrine gland?
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
| 0a
|
single
|
Marker (A) shows the Holocrine gland i.e, Sebaceous gland related with hair follicle sending sebum to skin surface. Marker (C) - Hair follicle Marker (D) - Sub cutaneous fat (Adipocytes) - empty looking cells with fat & peripheral nucleus - Usually skin & sebaceous glands have - stratified squamous epithelium
|
Anatomy
|
AIIMS 2017
|
2ffd16e8-5b32-40c9-9aa6-1cab59d5728e
|
The cyst which is found within the bone at the junction of the globular process, the Lateral nasal process & maxillary process is:
|
Naso-alveolar cyst
|
Globulomaxillary cyst
|
Naso palatine cyst
|
Mid palatine cyst
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Pathology
| null |
5ca66e2e-503b-4847-a729-c8be53fa9325
|
Increased Monocytic count is seen in Typhoid and which of the following conditions?
|
Parasitic infections
|
Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
|
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
|
None of the above
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Medicine
| null |
7912bdab-3d26-40a1-91c3-9d52e760b930
|
. The prospectively evaluated, double-blinded, randomized clinical trail represents the 'gold-standard' for providing evidence for therapeutic decision making. This was first proposed by the father of evidence-based medicine:
|
Tolstoy
|
Sackett
|
Hippocrates
|
da Vinci
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans. b. Sackett"David Lawrence Sackett is a Canadian medical doctor and a pioneer in evidence-based medicine. He founded the first depament of clinical epidemiology in Canada at McMaster University, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. He is well known for his textbooks Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine." Father of modern medicineHippocratesQFather of Indian medicineCharakaQFather of modern surgeryAmbroise PareQFather of Indian surgeryShushrutaQFather of epidemiologyJohn SnowQFather of bacteriologyLouis PasteuQFather of modern anatomyVesaliusaQFather of physiologyClaude BernardQFather of antisepsisJoseph ListerQ
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
1b7a2a1c-6321-4541-b649-7db8418c38da
|
Cephalosporin active against pseudomonas
aeruginosa
|
Cefoperazone
|
Cefaclor
|
Ceftriaxone
|
Cefotaxime
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Pharmacology
| null |
df493519-1b08-442e-853c-edd9ca4f6f57
|
Acetone free methyl alcohol is present in Leishmann's stain for:
|
It fixes cells to the slide
|
It colors the red cells
|
It prevents the cells from sticking to the slide surface
|
It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cell
| 3d
|
single
|
Answer- D. It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cellTt is a type ofAcidic dye stains the basic components of cell & basic dye stains the acidic components of cell.Leishman's stain contains eosin & methylene blue in acetone free methyl alcohol.Methyl alcohol acts as a fixative.Acetone if present, will destroy the cell membraneMethylene blue ("polychromed"), the basic dye and eosin, the acidic dye exists as thiazine eosinate, which dissociates into the component dyes, when diluted with distilled water.Methyl blue stains the nucleus & basophilic granules of WBC, whereas eosin stains the eosinophilic granules.It is generally used to differentiate & identily leucocytes, malaria parasites & trypanosomas
|
Pathology
| null |
d239a8a4-bc54-453e-805f-068d00381a1b
|
All of the following carry proprioception from head and neck except:
|
Facial nerve
|
Trigeminal nerve
|
Glossopharyngeal nerve
|
Cranial accessory nerve
| 3d
|
multi
| null |
Anatomy
| null |
f447d416-8b56-4a22-a6bc-9b3467fc4b1d
|
Suture technique is called as:
|
Simple loop suture.
|
Sling suture.
|
Figure eight suture.
|
Simple sling suture.
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
a45d9322-2e84-4b76-aa18-537bd856d604
|
All of the following are true about Ifosfamide except:
|
It is nitrogen mustard
|
Metabolised by CYP3A4 to form active metabolite
|
Chloracetaldehyde is active form
|
Less neurotoxic than cyclophosphamide
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans. d. Less neurotoxic than cyclophosphamideAt equivalent doses, the rate of chloroacetaldehyde generation with ifosfamide is 40 times greater than with cyclophosphamide. At equivalent doses, the rate of chloroacetaldehyde generation with ifosfamide is 40 times greater than with cyclophosphamide therefore it produces more platelet suppression, neurotoxicity and urothelial damage.IfosfamideIfosfamide is a synthetic analogue of cyclophosphamideIt is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agentMetabolism:Ifosfamide is a prodrug that requires metabolic activation by microsomal liver enzymes to produce biologically active compounds.Activation is mediated by cytochrome p450 --> CYP3A4 and deactivated by CYP3A-4 and CYP2B6The metabolic activation of Ifosfamide is an autoinducible process and besides producing active cytotoxic metabolites it also results in generation of some toxic metabolic byproducts that are responsible Side-Effects/Toxicity:Ifosfamide is a cyclophosphamide analogue, it has all the potential adverse effects Ifosfamide metabolite, rather than the parent drug is responsible for toxicity.Well known toxic metabolites of Ifosfamide: Acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde.Acrolein is responsible for Ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis.Chloroacetaldehyde is responsible for renal tubular damage and neurotoxicity.At equivalent doses, the rate of chloroacetaldehyde generation with ifosfamide is 40 timescyclophosphamide therefore it produces more platelet suppression, neurotoxicity and urothelial
|
Pharmacology
| null |
f6bd6944-8c47-4037-8871-10855371a4c2
|
Which film is used for caries detection? (or) Which film
is used for caries detection in children?
|
D speed
|
E speed
|
B speed
|
F speed
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Radiology
| null |
97a54f46-0d5e-4979-820c-ab311c30f08a
|
During exercise in physiological limits what is the effect on end systolic volume?
|
ESV decreases
|
ESV increase
|
ESV remain unchanged
|
ESV first decrease and then increases
| 0a
|
single
|
During exercise, there is increased sympathetic discharge and venous return to hea. This causes increased stroke volume mainly due to increased myocardial contractility. Due to increased stroke volume, the ESV decreases. In the image given the stoke volume is indicated by the width of the loop and LV pressure by the height of the loop. Three major effects occurring during exercise are : Sympathetic nervous system activation in many tissues with stimulatory effects on circulation. Increase in aerial pressure Increase in cardiac output.
|
Physiology
|
AIIMS 2018
|
5ce754b8-b358-4270-9bd1-8828700a19b1
|
Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
| 1b
|
single
|
Blade angulation.
(A) 0 degrees: correct angulation for blade insertion.
(B) 45 to 90 degrees: correct angulation for scaling and root planing.
(C) less than 45 degrees: incorrect angulation for scaling and root planing.
(d) More than 90 degrees: incorrect angulation for scaling and root planing, but correct angulation for gingival curettage.
|
Dental
| null |
1b4a2a96-cd33-4ccd-bf13-3c208a07983a
|
A patient presents to the ER after a A with multiple rib injuries. He is conscious, speaking single words. RR = 40/min, BP= 90/40 mmHg. What is the next immediate step in management?
|
Intubate the patient
|
Urgent fluid infusion
|
Chest X ray
|
Needle inseion in 2nd ICS
| 3d
|
multi
|
Answer- D. Needle inseion in 2nd ICSThis is a case of tension pneumothorax. Although the new ATLS update is 5th intercostal space in mid maxillary line, but in this question we will go with a time tested method of needle in 2nd intercostal space.
|
Medicine
| null |
5a2f9e25-3acb-4830-9f18-009480595be1
|
Not a side effect of Escitalopram?
|
Nausea
|
Vivid dreams
|
Anorgasmia
|
Sialorrhoea
| 3d
|
single
|
Side effects of Escitalopram GI side effects: MC Vivid Dreams Sexual dysfunction on long term intake Sialorrhea is a side effect of clozapine
|
Psychiatry
|
AIIMS 2019
|
3a0e01d0-4230-4633-a7a9-624a0c32a486
|
Main mechanism of action of heparin Is to prevent:
|
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
|
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
|
PTC to PTA
|
Factor VIIa inhibition
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Surgery
| null |
810e4333-a984-4b47-821a-d6dddd1615d7
|
All of following are recognized manifestation of acute Rheumatic fever except –a) Abdominal painb) Epistaxisc) Choread) Subcutaneous nodules
|
ac
|
a
|
ad
|
ab
| 3d
|
multi
|
Subcutaneous nodules and chorea are the major criteria.
Epistaxis and abdominal pain are nonspecific and usually do not occur.
|
Pediatrics
| null |
1879dad4-5bba-48db-bc78-07c64447bf24
|
Frankfort - horizontal is a reference plane constructed by joining which of the following landmarks?
|
Nasion and Sella
|
Porion and Sella
|
Porion and Nasion
|
Porion and Orbitale
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
27a55dd4-2931-4c86-ba40-7f3b341c9b34
|
All are sensory to the palate except:
|
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
|
Facial nerve
|
Glossopharyngeal nerve
|
Hypoglossal nerve
| 3d
|
multi
| null |
Anatomy
| null |
593bd593-3060-493d-bb10-ff9e10e36f17
|
In Rh lso Immunisation, exchange transfusion is indicated if –
|
Cord blood hemoglobin is less than 10 g %
|
Cord bilirubin is more than 5 mg
|
History of previous sibling affected
|
All of these
| 3d
|
multi
|
Indications of Exchange transfusion
Cord hemoglobin _.10g/dL
o Bilirubin protein ratio >3.5
o Prematurity
Cord bilirubin >5mg/d
o Reticulocyte count > 15%
Previous kernicterus or severe erythroblastosis in a sibling
|
Pediatrics
| null |
4eb2c660-2893-450f-957c-536b6a6f9b3d
|
Feed forward mechanism..
|
Feeling thirsty while walking in hot temperature
|
Shivering on exposure to cold temperature
|
Salivation on smelling food
|
Increase blood pressure during supine posture
| 2c
|
single
|
Feed forward mechanism Feedback mechanism Controller anticipates changes & takes a desired action. No time lag present Examples: - Cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion Increase ventilatory drive in exercise. Change occur in controlled variable & that change is feedback to controller & then the controller takes action Time lag is present. Type: Negative feed back - Kidney body fluid mechanism - Temperature regulation - Baroreceptor mechanism Positive feed back - Circulatory shock - Oxytocin in paurition - Platelet plug / clot formation - LH surge leading to ovulation - Bladder filling to micturition
|
Physiology
|
AIIMS 2019
|
a67293d8-42a6-4fe5-a2ac-ee22bc9ebaf9
|
Acid dissolution is most common in which part of rod
|
Periphery of head
|
Head region
|
Rod tails
|
equally
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
930d4945-04ef-4c32-9c9d-279e8226f852
|
A 46 years old male patient was given subarachnoid block with bupivacaine (heavy) by the anesthetist. After 10 minutes he was found to have a BP of 72/44 mm Hg and hea rate of 52/min. On checking the level of block it was found to be T6. What is the likely explanation for the bradvcardia?
|
Bezold-Jarisch reflex
|
Bainbridge reflex
|
Block of Cardio-accelerator fibers of synthetic origin
|
Reverse Bainbridge reflex
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans: A. Bezold-Jarisch reflex (Ref 8/e p1970, Miller 7/e p409)The Bezold-Jarisch reflex involves a variety of cardiovascular and neurological processes which cause hypopnea (excessively shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate) & bradycardia (abnormally low resting hea rate).Possible cause of profound bradycardia and circulatory collapse after spinal anesthesia.Cardioprotective reflex.Implicated in physiologic response to a range of cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial ischemia or infarction, thrombolysis, or revascularization and syncope.Natriuretic peptide receptors stimulated by endogenous ANP or BNP may modulate the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.Less pronounced in patients with cardiac hyperophy or atrial fibrillation
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
53d58d7a-d546-4b1a-88a7-fa7348ff08a5
|
All are secondary colonizers except
|
S. sanguis
|
P. intermedia
|
Fusobacteria
|
P. gingivalis
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
04d0e5cc-1355-4028-8d94-47046d188bd2
|
Interdental papilla protruding from the rubber dam, most common cause is
|
Inflammation of interdental papillae
|
Use of light weight rubber dam
|
Punch are placed too far
|
Punch are placed too close
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
88082d18-5e7b-4c2a-81fa-b91139c7276d
|
Thickness of luting cement is:
|
20-40 μ
|
10-20 μ
|
60-80 μ
|
1-2 μ
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
376472be-1031-446f-abbd-f35a14669d7f
|
8 year-old child had fractured his maxillary central incisor
10-months ago. The pulp shows no response. There is no periapical lesion in the radiograph. The treatment of choice is:
|
Ca(OH)2 pulp capping
|
Formocresol pulpotomy
|
Conventional root canal treatment
|
Complete debridement and apexification
| 3d
|
single
|
Apexification
Definition
“Apexification is defined as chemically induced root formation by calcium hydroxide or CMCP in nonvital immature, blunderbuss canals of young permanent teeth.”
APEXIFICATION
It is a method of inducing apical closure by formation of mineralized tissue in the apical region of a nonvital permanent tooth with an incompletely formed root apex.
It is defined as a method to induce development of the root apex of an immature pulpless tooth by formation of osteocementum/bone-like tissue (Cohen).
Apexification is a method of inducing apical closure through the formation of mineralized tissue in the apical pulp region of a nonvital tooth with an incompletely formed root and an open apex (Morse et al. 1990).
|
Dental
| null |
70f851da-1d36-4d09-a9f0-f7afc63c07ff
|
Patient with severe acidosis is treated with
|
i.v. NaHCo3
|
Ringers lactate
|
Dextrose
|
None of the above
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Surgery
| null |
ced0e6e7-048a-467e-aa7e-e10def9ebb5e
|
Which of the following is not used as a disinfectant?
|
1-2% Cetrimide
|
100% Alcohol
|
2% Lysol
|
5% Chloroxylene
| 1b
|
single
|
A 70% solution of alcohol takes more time in evaporation from the surface, increasing the contact time. Therefore, 70% isopropyl alcohol is suitable for disinfection.
100% isopropyl alcohol coagulates the protein instantly creating a protein layer that protects the remaining protein from further coagulation.
|
Microbiology
| null |
e0c3fa32-b170-46e4-a748-9965e38ca3a9
|
Electric resistance between oral mucosa and PDL is always constant that is:
|
4.5 K ohm
|
5.5 K ohm
|
6.5 K ohm
|
7.5 K ohm
| 2c
|
single
|
FIRST-GENERATION APEX LOCATORS (RESISTANCE APEX LOCATORS)
They are also known as resistance apex locators that measure opposition to the flow of direct current, that is, resistance. It is based on the principle that resistance offered by periodontal ligament and oral mucous membrane is the same, that is, 6.5 K ohms. Initially, Sono-Explorer was imported from Japan by Amadent, (Port Jefferson, New York) but nowadays first generation apex locators are off the practice. Blood, pus, chelating agents, irrigants, and other materials used within the canal can give false readings.
|
Dental
| null |
da27e783-4c0b-4621-bc3d-938a109d8425
|
Use of lithium during pregnancy increases the risk of development of which of the following malformations in the baby?
|
Facial defects
|
Cardiac defects
|
Neural tube defects
|
Urogenital defects
| 1b
|
single
|
Lithium causes Ebstein's anomaly (malformation in tricuspid valve of hea) if given in pregnancy. Other side effects of lithium includes: Leucocytosis I Tremors (most common adverse effect) Hypothyroidism Increase Urine (polyuria) Mothers (avoided in pregnancy).
|
Pharmacology
|
AIIMS 2018
|
83190d93-147b-4abc-a5fc-500371388fd5
|
All of the following are signs of respiratory insufficiency except:
|
Hypoxia
|
Inability to speak
|
Strider during inspiration
|
All of the above
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans: D. All of the above(Ref Bailey 27/e p929-925, 26/e p303: Sobiston 20/e p557: Harrison 19/e p1661, 1731, 1732).Respiratory Insufficiency:Inability of lungs to function properly & maintain normal processes of oxygen uptake & carbon dioxide removal.Sign & symptoms of respiratory insufficiency:Fatigue, shoness of breath, heavy breathing, rapid breathing, exercise intolerance, hypoxia, inability to speak & stridor during inspiration.
|
Surgery
| null |
c48cca4e-55ef-4a73-b07d-6ac3a3c5c1eb
|
A patient shows one or more of the following: advanced bone loss, grade II and III furcation involvements, tooth mobility, inaccessible areas, systemic/environmental factors represents:
|
Questionable prognosis
|
Poor prognosis
|
Fair prognosis
|
Hopeless prognosis
| 0a
|
single
|
Good prognosis: Control of etiologic factors and adequate periodontal support ensure the tooth will be easy to maintain by the patient and clinician.
Fair prognosis: Approximately 25% attachment loss or grade I furcation invasion (location and depth allow proper maintenance with good patient compliance).
Poor prognosis: 50% attachment loss, grade II furcation invasion (location and depth make maintenance possible but difficult).
Questionable prognosis: >50% attachment loss, poor crown-to-root ratio, poor root form, grade II furcation invasion (location and depth make access difficult) or grade III furcation invasion; mobility no. 2 or no. 3; root proximity.
Hopeless prognosis: Inadequate attachment to maintain health, comfort, and function.
Ref: Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology, thirteenth edition; page no 413
|
Dental
| null |
1bcc4893-9641-4f95-95c7-8c81492eb9a9
|
Which material undergoes hysteresis?
|
Irreversible hydrocolloid
|
Reversible hydrocolloid
|
Impression plaster
|
Metallic oxide paste
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
678018c2-3154-4411-937e-0e5d4116739f
|
Which of the following does not or permissive euchromatin due to changes occurring at cytosine residues at CpG islands in DNA?
|
Methylation
|
Alkylation
|
Phosphorylation
|
Sumoylation
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans: A. Methylationref: Harper's illustrated biochemistry, 30th editon., pg. 560.Methylation of cpG sites in the promoter of a gene may inhibit gene expression.There is also evidence that low folate status results in impaired methylation of cpG islands in DNA, which is a factor in the development of colorectal and other cancers.
|
Biochemistry
| null |
efbacdd9-1c25-4697-8ad9-377c7a8105b8
|
Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of:
|
Boric acid
|
HNO,
|
H,SO4
|
Phenol
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans: A. Boric acid(Ref: Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3/e p221).Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of Boric acid.Features:Major symptom is erythema, desquamation and exfoliation.The skin of the patient looks like a 'boiled lobster'.
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
ff410d96-12d4-43ba-8b24-7bfbd8ad360c
|
Enzymes help by:
|
Lowering the activation energy
|
Increasing the substrate concentration
|
Decreasing the surface tension
|
Increasing the activation energy
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Biochemistry
| null |
acb04c70-4617-4968-9f93-ad46bc9fb8e8
|
Which acid is formed in the citric acid cycle?
|
Oxaloacetic acid
|
Glutamic acid
|
Nitric acid
|
None of the above
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Biochemistry
| null |
8d6cd2e6-9912-4bb5-b276-289f11e6371f
|
The KRI paste is composed of:
|
Iodoform, camphor, parachlorophenol and menthol
|
Iodoform and ZOE
|
Parachlorophenol, camphor and menthol
|
Calcium hydroxide and iodoform
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
24662938-a2a7-4328-846d-1887c22ff54c
|
A patient was given ampicillin 2 g intravenously. After that, the person developed rash on skin, hypotension and difficulty in breathing. The patient should be managed by
|
0.5 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline by intramuscular route
|
0.5 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline by intravenous route
|
0.5 ml of 1:10000 adrenaline by intramuscular route
|
0.5 ml of 1:10000 adrenaline by intravenous route
| 0a
|
single
|
Penicillins are prone to cause allergic reactions features like rash on skin, hypotension ,difficulty in breathing are suggestive of anaphylactic shock. Drugs Frequently causing allergic reactions Penicillins Aspirin Cephalosporins Indomethacin Sulfonamides Carbamazepine Tetracyclines Allopurinol Quinolones ACE inhibitors Metronidazole Methyldopa Abacavir Hydralazine Antitubercular drugs Local anaesthetics Phenothiazines In case of anaphylactic shock the resuscitation council of UK has recommended the following measure : * Put the patient in reclining position, administer oxygen at high flow rate and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation if required.* Inject adrenaline 0.5 mg (0.5 ml of I in I 000 solution for adult, 0.3 ml for child 6-12 years and 0.15 ml for child upto 6 years) i.m.; repeat every 5-10 min in case patient does not improve or improvement is transient. This is the only life saving measure. Adrenaline should not be injected i.v. (can itself be fatal) unless shock is immediately life threatening. If adrenaline is to be injected i. v., it should be diluted to 1:10,000 or 1:100,000 and infused slowly with constant monitoring. * Administer a H1 antihistaminic (pheniramine 20-40 mg or chlorpheniramine I 0-20 mg) i.m./slow i.v. It may have adjuvant value.* Intravenous glucocoicoid (hydrocoisone sod. succinate 200 mg) should be added in severe/recurrent cases. It acts slowly, but is specially valuable for prolonged reactions and in asthmatics. It may be followed by oral prednisolone for 3 days.
|
Pharmacology
|
AIIMS 2019
|
13775adf-3c9f-46c4-9149-d0a382e24277
|
Which drug causes flagellate pigmentation of skin?
|
Bleomycin
|
Minocycline
|
Vincristine
|
Daunorubicin
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans: A. BleomycinRef: Goodman and Gilman, I3,h ed., pg. 1193Few case repos of bleomycin induced flagellate dermatitis and pigmentations are available in literature.
|
Pharmacology
| null |
1470a21a-b226-4cd1-904d-85cd841d5afa
|
True about bicuspidization:
|
Separation of mandibular molar mesial and distal roots with their respective crown portions
|
Separation or removal of half root with their respective crown portion in mandibular molar
|
Separation or removal of half root without their respective crown portion in mandibular molar
|
Separation or removal of half-crown without their respective root portion in mandibular molar
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
af87accb-34b2-42de-be48-16e94bbf22ab
|
In a cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, which of the following accumulate in brain?
|
Pyruvate
|
Sho-chain fatty acid
|
Very long-chain fatty acid
|
Acetyl CoA
| 2c
|
single
|
Zellweger syndrome Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome. Impaired neuronal migration, hypomyelination, hepatomegaly, renal cysts Autosomal recessive Rare Absence of Peroxisomes in almost all tissues, peroxisomes are responsible of oxidation of very long chain fatty acid which contain more than 22 carbon Accumulation of polyenic acids in brain, with carbon > 22 Severe neurological symptoms Most patients die within 1st year of life.
|
Biochemistry
|
AIIMS 2018
|
20f29076-98f9-479b-a77b-96fae28d5689
|
A 48 years old female presents with seizure, recurrent gross hematuria and left flank abdominal pain. Abdominal CT reveals left perinephric hematoma with 3 cm angiomyolipoma along with multiple right renal angiomyolipoma measuring 1.5 to 6.5 cm. What would be the most probable diagnosis?
|
VHL syndrome
|
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
|
Tuberous sclerosis
|
Hereditary angiolipoma
| 2c
|
single
|
Answer- C (Tuberous sclerosis)Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours.A combination of symptoms may include seizures, intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, lung disease, and kidney disease.Three types of brain tumours are associated with TSC:Giant cell astrocytomaCoical tubersSubependymal nodulesPeople with TSC are frequently also diagnosed psychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder and depressive disorder.TSC patients have benign tumors of the kidneys called angiomyolipomas causing hematuria.
|
Surgery
| null |
71803632-1b88-4332-88f5-be3ac2515b85
|
Gene commonly indicated in congenital cataract:
|
PAX-6
|
CRYGS-3
|
LMX- IB
|
PITX-3
| 1b
|
single
|
Answer- B. CRYGS-3'Gene-S crystalline gene (CRYGS) mutalion causes dominant progressive coical cataract in humans.
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
93645af3-21d4-4a69-bd63-b181635715f4
|
The cause of bone destruction in juvenile periodontitis is:
|
Phagocytosis are reduced
|
Reduced neutrophilic chemotaxis
|
Decreased host resistance
|
Highly virulent microorganisms
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
b02a2fb8-3cd5-4043-88fa-ab4ad3092efe
|
Inflammation of the periapical tissue is sustained by:
|
Stagnant tissue fluid
|
Necrotic tissue
|
Microorganisms
|
Pus cells
| 2c
|
single
|
Apical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of periradicular tissues caused by aetiological agents of endodontic origin.
Persistent apical periodontitis occurs when root canal treatment of apical periodontitis has not adequately eliminated the intraradicular infection (microbes).
|
Dental
| null |
a05c8cf2-b0bc-496e-b5fd-51467952e2ca
|
A pregnant lady acquires chickenpox 3 days prior to delivery. She delivers by normal vaginal route which of the following statement is true?
|
Both mother and baby are safe
|
Give antiviral treatment to mother before delivery
|
Give antiviral treatment to baby
|
Baby will develop neoatal varicella syndrome
| 3d
|
multi
|
Varicella infection in pregnancy:
If varicella infection occurs in a pregnant female during first half of pregnancy (M/C time of transmission-13 to 20 weeks) it results in congenital varicella syndrome in the fetus.
Congenital varicella syndrome in characterized by chorioretinitis, microophthalmia, cerebral cortical atrophy, IUGR, hydronephrosis and skin or bone defects.
Congenital varicella syndrome is an indication for doing MTP.
Congenital defects rarely occurs if varicella infection occurs after 20 weeks.
The terminology varicella embryopathy is not used these days.
Neonatal varicella iin characterized by pneumonitis, hepatitis and DIC.
The severity of neonatal infection is inversely related to the concentration of maternal antibodies present in the newborn circulation. Mother starts producing and transferring antibodies approximately 5 days after the onset of her disease.Thus, babies born 5 days or more from the beginning of maternal disease will be protected.
Fernando Arias 3/e, p 156
Perinatal varicella exposure just before or during delivery poses a serious threat to newborns and so Varicella Ig should be given to all neonates of born to mothers who have clinical evidence of varicella 5 days before and upto 2 days after delivery.
The use of VZIG decreases the chances of neonatal varicella and also modify the clinical course but it does not always prevent severe or fatal varicella. Expectant treatment with close observation, followed by prompt initiation of antiviral therapy on suspicion of neonatal varicella is recommended.
Antiviral treatment (acyclovir) is given to neonates only if they develop neonatal varicella syndrome.
Vaccine is not secreted in breast milk, so postpartum vaccination should not be delayed because of breast feeding.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
74af945a-56c6-4b18-935d-388c29f19a56
|
An 8–day old breast–fed baby presents with vomiting, poor feeding and loose stools. On examination the heart rate is 190/minute, blood pressure 50/30 mmHg, respiratory rate 72 breaths/minute and capillary refill time of 4 seconds. Investigations show hemoglobin level of 15 g/dl. Na 120 mEq/l, K 6.8 mEq/l, Cl 81 meq/l, bicarbonate 15 mEq/l, urea 30 mg/dl and creatinine 0.6 mg/dl. the most likely diagnosis is –
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
Acute tubular necrosis
|
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
|
Galactosemia
| 1b
|
single
|
Both the serum creatinine and serum urea are abnormal in this neonate. They may be normal for an adult, but for an 8 day old infant they are elevated.
First the serum creatinine level
The serum creatinine level is high at birth reflecting the maternal value but it falls rapidly to 0.4 mg/dl by the end of the first week.
According to Nelson, creatinine level in various age groups are
Cord blood ______ > 0.6 —1.2 mg/di
New born _______ > 0.3 — 1.0 mg/dl
Infant ______ > 0.2 - 0.4 mg/di
Child ______ > 0.3 - 0.7 mg/di
Adolescent ______ > 0.5 — 1.0 mg/di
Do not get confused by the creatinine level of the newborn i.e., 0.3 — 1.0 mg/dl.
This high level reflects the maternal value and it comes down to 0.2 to 0.4 mg/dl by 5th day
So, Creatinine level of 0.6 mg/dl is abnormally high in an 8 day old infant.
Now, the serum urea level
The serum urea level in cord blood is 21-40 mg/dl, but it falls rapidly to 3-12 mg/dl by the 4th or 5th day.
So urea level of 30 mg/dl is abnormally high in an 8 day old infant.
According to Nelson Serum urea level in various age group
Cord blood ______ > 21-40 ing/dl
Premature ______ > 3-25 mg/dl
Newborn ______ > 3-12 mg/dl
Infant/child _____ > 5-18 ing/d1
Now, the capillary refill time
Capillary refill time is also prolonged here (N ---> < 3 seconds)
Prolonged capillary refill time indicates loss offluid and indicates shock, heart failure, Sympathetic stimulation
In acute renal failure due to fluid loss cappillary refill time is increased
All these findings plus characteristic h/o vomiting, poor feeding and loose stools confirms the diagnosis of acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis)
Electrolyte abnormalities in ARF ---> 1) Hyponatremia, 2) Hyperkalemia, 3) Loss of Bicarbonate
About other options
In other three options serum urea and creatinine level will be normal.
|
Pediatrics
| null |
f955fff3-f4ec-41be-a119-a43e2024120e
|
False about innervation of parotid gland:
|
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibre secretomotor
|
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibre relay in Otic ganglion
|
Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve begin in inferior petrosal nucleus
|
Sympathetic nerve are vasomotor
| 2c
|
multi
|
Ans. C. Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve begin in inferior petrosal nucleusNerve supply:PARASYMPATHETIC:auriculo temporal nerveSYMPATHETIC SUPPLY- plexus around the external carotid aery.SENSORY NERVES: auriculotemporal nerve, except for parotid fascia & overlying skin which are innervated by Great auricular nerve (C2, C3).
|
Anatomy
| null |
fe55c8c7-c6ba-4882-a3c0-15171d62e603
|
Drug of choice for scrub typhus is:
|
Azithromycin
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Doxycycline
|
Chloramphenicol
| 2c
|
single
|
Scrub typhus is caused by rickettsia. DOC for rickettsia is Doxycycline(tetracycline). It is the DOC for all kind of typhus like endemic typhus, epidemic typhus, and other rickettsial infections like Q fever, rocky mountain spotted fever. Azithromycin is a macrolide and a protein synthesis inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone. Chloramphenicol is also a protein synthesis inhibitor.
|
Pharmacology
|
AIIMS 2017
|
33a697bc-627a-4a24-b381-19c181fcdded
|
Method of choice for a New born child not passing urine for 36 hours :
|
Ultrasound of kidney & bladder
|
CT Scan
|
Cystoscopy
|
X–ray pelvis
| 0a
|
single
|
A history of Anuria suggests Acute Renal failure.
Ultrasonography is the ideal imaging tool in Renal failure because of its non dependence on Renal function.
As it allows visualization of :
Pelvicalyceal system ofAssessment of Renal Size o Structural anomalies and calculi .
Note - In this question DTPA scan has not been provided as an option. So, the best answer is USG.
|
Pediatrics
| null |
edb0ef61-a009-4fe9-811e-5b9d6ea40435
|
Chances of ankyloses of mandibular molar which is autotransplanted depends on?
|
Splinting of mandibular molar
|
Surgical extraction of molar
|
Socket preparation of molar for autotransplantation
|
Root kept moist in cotton
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
cb19c2ac-3ade-4f32-9a3f-64f3d6efd517
|
Which of the following are seen in ectodermal dysplasia?
|
Hyperpyrexia
|
Protuberant lips and frontal bossing
|
Defective or absence of sweat glands
|
Any of the above
| 3d
|
multi
|
Hyper pyrexia due to hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, protuberant lips and depressed nasal and supraorbital bridges are important features of ectodermal dysphasia
|
Pathology
| null |
6a86faf5-cc79-438b-b82f-53839e1ce3ab
|
Which one of the following is the role of barrier membrane in GTR?
|
To help overall healing
|
Prevention of epithelial migration
|
To stop bleeding
|
To prevent the underlying tissues from the infection
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
37439d71-3558-4ceb-85af-8332c259afe1
|
A patient who is a known case of CKD has complaints of vomiting. His ABG repos are as follows: pH - 7.40, pCO2 - 40, HCO3 - 25. Na -145, chloride-100.
|
Normal anion gap met acidosis
|
High anion gap met acidosis
|
No acid base abnormality
|
High anion gap metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans. D. High anion gap metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis Even though ABG looks completely normal - clinical history is the key here.CKD patients generally have high AG metabolic acidosis. On the background of that he has developed vomiting (which is an alkalotic state). Both opposing disorders have normalized the ABG. But the patient is actually having a double disorder.
|
Medicine
| null |
16533187-64d0-47f9-be71-dba4d56615fe
|
A 1.5 kg child born at 32 weeks by LSCS presents with moderate respiratory difficulty (RR 70/ minutes). Which of the following is the appropriate management –
|
CPAP
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
Warm oxygen
|
Surfactant and ventilation
| 0a
|
single
|
Specific treatment for HMD is intratracheal surfactant therapy. This therapy requires endotracheal intubation, which also may be necessary to achieve adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
Less premature infants (those > 1 kg or > 28-30 weeks gestation) and those with lower 02 requirements (Fi02 < 40 - 50%) may respond well to supplemental 02 alone or to treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
|
Pediatrics
| null |
bf77a9c9-3c08-43fc-8159-8f8509238024
|
In genomic imprinting. DNA is modified by:
|
Acetylation
|
Methylation
|
Phosphorylation
|
Deamination
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans: B. Methylation(Ref Robbins 9/e p180, 8/e pl)Genomic imprinting:DNA modified by methylation.An epigenetic process resulting in differential inactivation of either maternal or paternal alleles of ceain genes.Mechanism:DNA methylation at CG nucleotide.Histone H4 deacetylation.Methylation.
|
Pathology
| null |
f2f90872-25be-4295-9e2c-26f8310a2100
|
In chronic renal failure : a) Urine output is more than 3 litres per dayb) Urine concentration is decreasedc) Sodium conservation is poord) Polycythemia is present
|
a
|
c
|
bc
|
ad
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Pediatrics
| null |
8be32dbe-9a46-4a8a-8c08-ff89c3e78c3d
|
Fetal adrenals release which hormone predominantly:March 2009, September 2010
|
Oestrogen
|
Testosterone
|
Aldosterone
|
Coisone
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans. D: CoisoneFetal adrenals shows hyperophy of the reticular zone (fetal zone), which is the site of synthesis of oestriol precursor, coisol and dehydroepiandrosterone.After 12 weeks of gestation, the activity of 3 p-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) decreases in fetal adrenal and sulfokinase activity increases.At that time (during the mid-gestation, 12 to 22 weeks) the major steroid products are DHEA and DHEA Sulfate (DHEA-S).During the mid-gestation (12 to 22 weeks), the aromatase activity and sulfokinase activity increases. So Placenta itself utilizes fetal DHEA and DHEA-S as substrate for estrone and estradiol as precursors.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
84fe7359-1ad3-4031-bf62-e4474bb33a86
|
All are signs of impending Eisenmenger except –
|
Increased flow murmur across tricuspid & pulmonary valve
|
Single S2
|
Loud P2
|
Graham steel murmur
| 0a
|
multi
|
Eisenmenger syndrome refers to patients with a VSD in which blood is shunted from right to left as a result of development of pulmonary vascular resistance. Initially shunt is from left to right as the systemic vascular pressure is greater than pulmonary vascular pressure. With time pulmonary vascular resistance increases due to change in pulmonary vessel wall as a result of increased flow in pulmonary vessels. When pulmonary vascular pressure exceeds the systemic vascular resistance, reversal of shunt into right to left shunt occurs.
This development of right to left shunt due to reversal of left to right shunt as a result of development of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension is called Eisenmenger syndrome.
|
Pediatrics
| null |
01c50678-d06f-4894-b7b7-0562a413164e
|
Polishing of composite is problematic due to
|
Soft matrix and hard filler particles
|
Hard filler particles
|
Hardness of matrix and filler particles
|
None of the above
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
4d8af4ad-1f62-4bb8-a485-439992b3af49
|
Determining level of fluoride in community water fluoridation programme depends on:
|
Mean annual temperature of the place
|
Economic factors
|
Average weight of children of the area
|
Altitude of area above sea level
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
7c6fe266-845b-4f4b-8ddb-ca5d016e0396
|
Key indicator for AFP surveillance ?.
|
At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 1000 population of under 5 years
|
At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 5 year
|
At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 1000 population of under 15 years
|
At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 15 years
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans.d) At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 15 years The number of AFP cases repoed each year is used as an indicator of a country's ability to detect polio, even in countries where the disease no longer occurs. Polio surveillance It is the most impoant pa of whole polio eradication intiative. It has two components:?Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillanceAcute flaccid paralysis is defined as acute onset (< 4 weeks) of flaccid paralysis (reduced tone) without other obvious cause in children WHO recommends the immediate repoing and investigation of every case of AFP in children less than 15 years.
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
ce3daa75-37fc-41ba-b0ea-80182c3f9e5b
|
Post-auricular ecchymosis in cases of fracture of the base of the skull is called:
|
Battle's sign
|
Tinel's sign
|
Trousseau's sign
|
Nikolsky's sign
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Surgery
| null |
30b2fee8-1ce3-4f84-ad72-f20e7b53a24b
|
The best way to remove a hydrocolloid impression from the patient's mouth is:
|
Slight rocking of the impression to disengage it from the undercut
|
Wetting the periphery of the impression with moist cotton to break the peripheral seal
|
Sudden jerking of the impression to prevent tearing
|
Supporting the impression along with the tray to prevent disengaging of the tray alone
| 2c
|
single
|
Since alginate is a viscoelastic material, its tear strength is increased when the impression is removed along a vertical path with a snap. The speed of removal must be a compromise between a rapid movement and a slower rate that is more comfortable for the patient. Usually an alginate impression does not adhere to the oral tissues as well as some of the elastomers do, so it is easier to remove the alginate impression rapidly. However, it is always best to avoid torquing or twisting the impression in an effort to remove it quickly. Specifically, the handle should be used minimally during breaking of the air seal (“suction”) or removal of the tray from the teeth.
Phillips dental materials 12th edition page no 174
|
Dental
| null |
5951aa74-d30c-4c33-b1e6-dd5e5d103ca0
|
Maximum amount of phosphate is seen in
|
Bone
|
Enamel
|
Gingiva
|
Dentine
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
4719558d-09ca-4c85-9bf8-454e80a138aa
|
The treatment of choice for stage-I cancer larynx is:
|
Radical surgery
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiotherapy
|
Surgery followed by radiotherapy
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Surgery
| null |
2b368176-2ef0-4871-8ae4-b1daae990f34
|
Accessory canals are most numerous in apical third, which one is 2nd numerous in this regard
|
Middle Third
|
Coronal Third
|
Both are equal
|
None of the above
| 1b
|
multi
|
Apical third has accessory canals: 74% of cases
Coronal 3rd have accessory canals: 15% of cases
Middle third has accessory canals: 11% of cases
|
Dental
| null |
7e567a6e-46f6-4f48-bd14-21e53726f1ff
|
Replacing amino acid will not change its functions
|
Glutamine to Asparagine
|
Aspaate and Glutamate
|
Alanine to tryptophan
|
None of these
| 0a
|
multi
|
Answer- A. Glutamine to Asparagine* Glutamine and Asparagine are Amide group containing amino acids.* These belongs to same category (hydrophilic /Homophilic) so no alteration in function
|
Biochemistry
| null |
ff42704e-3996-4abe-a5b6-574344e7aaf0
|
Which of the following is not an etiological factor for pancreatitis?
|
Abdominal trauma
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
Islet cell hyperplasia
|
Germline mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans. c. Islet cell hyperplasiaGallstones including microlithiasis (MC). Alcohol (2"d MC). Hyperiglyceridemia. ERCPO. Blunt abdominal trauma
|
Surgery
| null |
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