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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenstein,_Saxony
|
Frauenstein, Saxony
|
Frauenstein is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the eastern Ore Mountains, 19 km (11.81 mi) southeast of Freiberg, and 33 km (20.51 mi) southwest of Dresden. Frauenstein Castle is located northeast of the town centre.
| 2024-08-20T15:30:34
|
# Frauenstein, Saxony
**Frauenstein** (German pronunciation: \[ˈfʁaʊ̯ənˌʃtaɪ̯n\] ) is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the eastern Ore Mountains, 19 km (11.81 mi) southeast of Freiberg, and 33 km (20.51 mi) southwest of Dresden.
Frauenstein Castle is located northeast of the town centre.
## Notable people
## InfoBox
| Frauenstein | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| | |
| | |
| Location of Frauenstein within Mittelsachsen district | |
| Frauenstein Frauenstein | |
| Coordinates: 50°48′7″N 13°32′17″E / 50.80194°N 13.53806°E / 50.80194; 13.53806 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony |
| District | Mittelsachsen |
| Subdivisions | 4 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202229) | Reiner Hentschel |
| Area | |
| Total | 58.83 km<sup>2</sup> (22.71 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 650 m (2,130 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,714 |
| Density | 46/km<sup>2</sup> (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 09623 |
| Dialling codes | 037326 |
| Vehicle registration | FG |
| Website | www.frauenstein-erzgebirge.de |
|
12,978,689
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Henley
|
Gail Henley
|
Gail Curtice Henley is an American former professional baseball player, scout and manager. Although his playing career lasted for 14 seasons (1948–61), he appeared in only 14 games in Major League Baseball as a right fielder and pinch hitter, all during the opening weeks of 1954, for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, and stood 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) tall and weighed 180 pounds (82 kg).
| 2024-07-03T23:18:53
|
# Gail Henley
**Gail Curtice Henley** (born October 15, 1928) is an American former professional baseball player, scout and manager. Although his playing career lasted for 14 seasons (1948–61), he appeared in only 14 games in Major League Baseball as a right fielder and pinch hitter, all during the opening weeks of 1954, for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, and stood 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) tall and weighed 180 pounds (82 kg).
## Playing career
Born in Wichita, Kansas, Henley grew up in Los Angeles, where he graduated from Inglewood High School and attended the University of Southern California. As a sophomore, he starred for the 1948 national-champion USC Trojans baseball team, batting .400. He then signed a professional contract with the New York Giants.
Henley would never play for the Giants, however; after five years in their farm system, he was acquired by the Pirates via the Cincinnati Redlegs in October 1952 in a transaction that brought four-time National League All-Star Gus Bell to Cincinnati. Henley made the 1954 Pirates out of spring training and appeared in 14 of the Bucs' first 22 games. After going hitless in his first four major league at bats, Henley broke through on April 19 with a first-inning home run against his old team, the Giants, a key blow in a 7–5 Pirate victory. But Henley was hurt when he ran into a wall during a game against Brooklyn, then ran afoul of general manager Branch Rickey when he went dancing at a nightclub as he was recovering from the head injury. When the rosters were cut from 28 to 25 men in May, he was sent to Double-A New Orleans and never returned to the majors. His nine MLB hits also included a double, and he drove in two runs, both RBI coming from his April 19 homer.
## Minor league manager and scout
Henley remained in baseball for another 50 years as a player, manager and scout. He ran teams in the Detroit Tigers' minor league system from 1961–66. Then he joined the Los Angeles Dodgers as a scout based in Southern California, in addition to handling Rookie-level Dodger farm clubs for six seasons during the 1970s and 1980s. He later scouted for the Kansas City Royals, San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Devil Rays.
### Teams managed
## Further reading
### Articles
### Books
* Genovese, George; Taylor, Dan. (2015). "The Unlikeliest Result". *A Scout's Report: My 70 Years in Baseball*. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786497300.
* Gmelch, George (2016). *Playing With the Tigers: A Minor League Chronicle of the Sixties*. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803276819.
## InfoBox
| Gail Henley | |
| --- | --- |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1928-10-15) October 15, 1928<br>Wichita, Kansas, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 13, 1954, for the Pittsburgh Pirates | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 6, 1954, for the Pittsburgh Pirates | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .300 |
| Home runs | 1 |
| Runs batted in | 2 |
| | |
| Teams | |
| | |
|
64,720,727
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laur%C3%A8ne_Lusilawu
|
Laurène Lusilawu
|
Laurène Lusilawu Bafuidisoni, known as Laurène Lusilawu, is a DR Congolese footballer who plays as a midfielder for FCF Amani. She has been a member of the DR Congo women's national team.
| 2024-09-12T03:12:58
|
# Laurène Lusilawu
**Laurène Lusilawu Bafuidisoni** (born 9 September 1993), known as **Laurène Lusilawu**, is a DR Congolese footballer who plays as a midfielder for FCF Amani. She has been a member of the DR Congo women's national team.
## Club career
Lusilawu has played for FC Solidarité and Amani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She has also played in the Republic of Congo.
## International career
Lusilawu capped for the DR Congo at senior level during the 2012 African Women's Championship.
## InfoBox
Laurène Lusilawu
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Laurène Lusilawu Bafuidisoni | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-09-09) 9 September 1993 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Amani | | |
| Number | 13 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006 | OC Vatican | | |
| 2010 | FCF Solidarité | | |
| 2012 | OCL City | | |
| 2014 | Attaque Sans Recul | | |
| 2015 | FCF La Source | | |
| 2016 | CFF Force Terrestrial | | |
| 2017 | MCF Bilenge | | |
| 2019– | FCF Amani | | |
| International career | | | |
| | DR Congo | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |
|
2,621,992
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kernaghan
|
Alan Kernaghan
|
Alan Nigel Kernaghan is a football manager and former professional player. As a player, he was a defender from 1985 to 2006, notably in the Premier League for Manchester City and in the Football League for Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic, Bolton Wanderers and Bradford City. He played the final nine years of his career playing in Scotland with St Johnstone, Brechin City, Clyde, Livingston, Falkirk and Dundee. Born in England, he was capped 26 times by the Republic of Ireland, scoring one goal. During his coaching career, Kernaghan has managed Scottish clubs Clyde and Dundee, and Glentoran in the Northern Irish league, which he resigned from after an embarrassing 3–2 defeat to struggling Championship side Annagh United. He has also worked for other clubs in a variety of coaching roles.
| 2024-10-01T19:37:48
|
# Alan Kernaghan
**Alan Nigel Kernaghan** (born 25 April 1967) is a football manager and former professional player.
As a player, he was a defender from 1985 to 2006, notably in the Premier League for Manchester City and in the Football League for Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic, Bolton Wanderers and Bradford City. He played the final nine years of his career playing in Scotland with St Johnstone, Brechin City, Clyde, Livingston, Falkirk and Dundee. Born in England, he was capped 26 times by the Republic of Ireland, scoring one goal.
During his coaching career, Kernaghan has managed Scottish clubs Clyde and Dundee, and Glentoran in the Northern Irish league, which he resigned from after an embarrassing 3–2 defeat to struggling Championship side Annagh United. He has also worked for other clubs in a variety of coaching roles.
## Playing career
Born in Otley, West Yorkshire, England, Kernaghan moved with his family to Bangor, County Down at the age of four. He represented Northern Ireland at schoolboy level and the Republic of Ireland at senior level. He began his playing career as an apprentice at Middlesbrough, and went on to make 212 appearances during an eight-year period, scoring 16 goals.
In September 1993, Kernaghan was signed for Manchester City by then-boss Brian Horton. He went on loan to various clubsBolton Wanderers in 1994, Bradford City in 1996, and then to St Johnstone in 1997. The Saints signed him on a permanent deal just before the end of the year, after he was given a free transfer from Manchester City. He enjoyed four years at McDiarmid Park, making 60 league appearances and scoring five goals. Kernaghan then joined Brechin City, but he made only three competitive appearances for the club. He then moved to Clyde, where he started as a player but was promoted to a player/manager role in the 2003–04 season. He guided Clyde to a second-placed finish in the First Division, behind Inverness Caley Thistle, a division which they led for the majority of the season. Kernaghan made 63 appearances for Clyde as a player, scoring three goals.
Kernaghan's next move was to Livingston as assistant manager to Allan Preston. He was on a player/assistant manager role at the club, making four first team appearances for Livingston, but he was sacked along with Preston after a poor run of results. Kernaghan next moved to Falkirk, where he took up a player/coach role.
## Coaching career
Kernaghan was appointed Dundee manager in September 2005. He was removed from the position, after an unsuccessful spell, in April 2006. After this, Kernaghan became the first former Republic of Ireland player to hold a coaching role at Rangers. He left this position in February 2012 to join Brentford. Kernaghan made an appearance as a player during a 2013–14 pre-season friendly versus FC Einheit Rudolstadt, replacing Aaron Pierre after 65 minutes. He left Brentford in December 2013, after new manager Mark Warburton decided to make changes to the club's coaching staff.
Kernaghan was appointed manager of Glentoran in November 2015. Losing to Annagh United in the League Cup on 30 August 2016 was the final game in charge for Kernaghan, he then tendered his resignation after the game.
## Rangers
Kernaghan was Rangers under 20's manager from 10 December 2006 until 24 February 2012. Players coming through Rangers Academy during that period included Steven McLaren (Sheffield Wednesday), Hamed Namouchi (Tunisian International), Alan Hutton, Charlie Adam, Dean Furman (Oldham Athletic), and Danny Wilson (Liverpool)
## International career
Brought up in Bangor, Northern Ireland, Kernaghan played for Northern Ireland Schoolboys six times. However, as the Irish Football Association policy at the time did not select players who were not or whose parents were not born in Northern Ireland, he wasn't selected for the senior team. Due to his grandmother being an Irish citizen he was entitled to Irish citizenship, and he was selected by Jack Charlton to play for the Republic of Ireland. Kernaghan earned 22 caps, scored one goal and was selected for the 1994 FIFA World Cup.
## Personal life
Kernaghan has Type 1 diabetes.
## InfoBox
Alan Kernaghan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Alan Nigel Kernaghan | | |
| Date of birth | (1967-04-25) 25 April 1967 | | |
| Place of birth | Otley, England | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1985–1993 | Middlesbrough | 202 | (16) |
| 1991 | Charlton Athletic (loan) | 13 | (0) |
| 1993–1997 | Manchester City | 63 | (1) |
| 1994 | Bolton Wanderers (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 1996 | Bradford City (loan) | 5 | (0) |
| 1997 | St Johnstone (loan) | 12 | (1) |
| 1997–2001 | St Johnstone | 60 | (5) |
| 2001 | Brechin City | 3 | (0) |
| 2001–2004 | Clyde | 63 | (3) |
| 2004 | Livingston | 4 | (0) |
| 2005–2006 | Falkirk | 9 | (0) |
| 2006 | Dundee | 0 | (0) |
| Total | | **445** | **(26)** |
| International career | | | |
| | Northern Ireland Schoolboys | | |
| 1992–1996 | Republic of Ireland | 22 | (1) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2002–2004 | Clyde | | |
| 2005–2006 | Dundee | | |
| 2013 | Brentford (caretaker) | | |
| 2015–2016 | Glentoran | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |
|
48,534,079
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Cope
|
Albert Cope
|
Albert Francis Cope was an English professional billiards and snooker player. He played in the 1927 and 1928 World Snooker Championships. In his 1927 semi-final match against Joe Davis he scored a 60 break for which he later received a commemorative certificate.
| 2023-05-04T05:24:49
|
# Albert Cope
**Albert Francis Cope** (c.1878–1930) was an English professional billiards and snooker player. He played in the 1927 and 1928 World Snooker Championships. In his 1927 semi-final match against Joe Davis he scored a 60 break for which he later received a commemorative certificate.
## Playing career
Cope was born in Birmingham. Although primarily a billiards player, Cope was also an early exponent of snooker. In December 1913 he scored what was believed to be a world record break of 83. It included 14 reds and 14 colours. Cope was presented with "a large gold medal, suitably inscribed" to recognise the achievement.
By the time the World Snooker Championship started Cope was about 50 years old but he did play in the 1927 and 1928 events. In 1927 he beat Alec Mann before losing 16–7 to Joe Davis in the semi-final. In 1928 he played Mann again but lost this time. In his 1927 match against Joe Davis he scored a 60 break for which he later received a commemorative certificate from the Billiards Association and Control Council. The break remained the best in the World Championship until Davis made a 61 in the 1929 final. Cope died in February 1930.
1. "FamilySearch.org". Retrieved 25 April 2023.
2. "Mr. Albert Cope". *Smethwick Telephone*. 22 February 1930. p. 2.
3. "1931 World Professional Championship". Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
4. "A world's record at snooker". *Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer*. 4 December 1913. Retrieved 12 November 2015 via British Newspaper Archive.
5. "Cope v. Nicholls". *Birmingham Daily Gazette*. 19 May 1914. Retrieved 12 November 2015 via British Newspaper Archive.
6. "Billiards awards". *Dundee Evening Telegraph*. 28 July 1927. Retrieved 12 November 2015 via British Newspaper Archive.
7. "Here and there notes". *The Billiard Player*. March 1930. p. 30.
## InfoBox
Albert Francis Cope
| Born | c.1878<br>Birmingham, England |
| --- | --- |
| Died | February, 1930 (aged 5152)<br>Smethwick, England |
| Sport country | England |
|
78,031,144
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Barkas
|
Albert Barkas
|
Albert Atkin Barkas was a librarian in the Municipal Borough of Richmond (Surrey) for 30 years who established what is now the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames' Local Studies Collection.
| 2024-10-09T16:23:29
|
# Albert Barkas
**Albert Atkin Barkas** (21 August 1861 – 15 May 1921) was a librarian in the Municipal Borough of Richmond (Surrey) for 30 years who established what is now the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames' Local Studies Collection.
## Early life
He was born on 21 August 1861 in St Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands.
## Career
Barkas worked in Brighton as a bookseller and in 1881 he was appointed assistant librarian at the Birmingham Free Library. He married in 1888 and in 1891 the family moved to Richmond from Bordesley, Birmingham, when he was appointed librarian in the Municipal Borough of Richmond at a salary of £120pa. The family lived rent-free over the library on Little Green. This accommodation was cramped and his youngest daughter, Jacqueline, died in 1905 aged only 4 years after falling down the stairs. From 1911 the family lived at The Cottage, next to the library, on Little Green, Richmond.
In 1893 he established Richmond's Local History Collection. He obtained the fine photographic survey of the town taken c.1900.
## Personal life
In 1888 he married, in Birmingham, Anna Julia De Gruchy (1863–1911), who was also from Jersey. They had two daughters and two sons. His wife died in 1911.
His youngest son, Geoffrey de Gruchy Barkas, who was awarded the Military Cross in 1916 aged 20, became a filmmaker between the two world wars and led the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate in the Second World War.
## Death and legacy
Barkas committed suicide in 1921. He was found in Richmond Park with a bullet wound to his head and died two days later on 15 May without regaining consciousness. The funeral service took place at the Presbyterian Church and he was buried in Richmond Cemetery.
The Albert Barkas Room for Local Studies at the Old Town Hall is named in his memory.
## Further reading
|
31,125,657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_F._Woller
|
Albert F. Woller
|
Albert Frank Woller was a German American immigrant, machinist, auto mechanic, and Socialist politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served three terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the northwest corner of the city of Milwaukee.
| 2023-09-05T19:46:27
|
# Albert F. Woller
**Albert Frank Woller** (December 12, 1886 July 27, 1944) was a German American immigrant, machinist, auto mechanic, and Socialist politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served three terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1923, 1927, 1929), representing the northwest corner of the city of Milwaukee.
## Background
Woller was born in Germany December 12, 1886, and came to the United States with his parents in 1892. He received a public school education at Marengo, Illinois, became a machinist and eventually came to work in auto repair for the Milwaukee Western Fuel Company.
## Public office
He had been a member of the Socialist Party for fifteen years, but had never held public office before being elected to the Assembly in November, 1922, receiving 3,246 votes to 2,049 for Republican incumbent Charles Meising. He was assigned to the standing committees on transportation and third reading.
Woller did not run for office in 1924, being succeeded by fellow Socialist William Coleman. In 1926, he had moved to the neighboring 3rd Milwaukee County Assembly district (25th ward of the City) and was elected to the Assembly without opposition (one of three Socialists to run unopposed in the 1926 election). He moved to the Committee on State Affairs. He was narrowly re-elected in 1928, with 2980 votes to 2869 for Republican Arthur Bowers and 1684 for Democrat Timothy Considine.
Woller did not run for re-election in 1930; he was succeeded by fellow Socialist George Hampel.
## After the legislature
His wife, also a native of Germany, died at the age of 45 on August 27, 1931, after an illness of two years.
## InfoBox
| Albert F. Woller | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly | |
| **In office**<br>January 3, 1927 January 5, 1931 | |
| Preceded by | Frank J. Weber |
| Succeeded by | George Hampel |
| Constituency | Milwaukee 3rd district |
| **In office**<br>January 1, 1923 January 5, 1925 | |
| Preceded by | *District established* |
| Succeeded by | William Coleman |
| Constituency | Milwaukee 20th district |
| | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1886-12-12)December 12, 1886<br>Pomerania, German Empire |
| Died | July 27, 1944(1944-07-27) (aged 57)<br>Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Resting place | Valhalla Memorial Park, Milwaukee |
| Political party | Socialist |
| Spouse | Marie (died 1931) |
| Occupation | Machinist |
| | |
|
72,776,132
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Alag%C3%B3n_Cano
|
Alejandro Alagón Cano
|
Alejandro Alagón Cano is a Mexican doctor, researcher, professor and academic. He was an active researcher during the development process of the scorpion antivenom Alacramyn and the pit viper antivenom Antivipmyn, both manufactured by Instituto Bioclon in Mexico. These products were later approved for commercial distribution by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 and 2015 and are marketed under the names Anascorp and Anavip, respectively.
| 2024-07-17T21:10:31
|
# Alejandro Alagón Cano
**Alejandro Alagón Cano** is a Mexican doctor, researcher, professor and academic. He was an active researcher during the development process of the scorpion antivenom Alacramyn and the pit viper antivenom Antivipmyn, both manufactured by Instituto Bioclon in Mexico. These products were later approved for commercial distribution by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 and 2015 and are marketed under the names Anascorp and Anavip, respectively.
## Education
Alagón completed his undergraduate degree at the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), later he completed a master's degree and a doctorate in biomedical research, at the same institution. He did postdoctoral studies at Rockefeller University in New York.
## Career
He has been instrumental in the development of antivenoms used throughout the Americas and Africa. In the USA he is known for his work on Anascorp, the first scorpion antivenom approved since the establishment of the modern FDA. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Biotechnology-UNAM.
## Awards and distinctions
## InfoBox
| Alejandro Alagón Cano | |
| --- | --- |
| Alejandro in his office, photo captured (2016) | |
| Education | National Autonomous University of Mexico |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Employer | National Autonomous University of Mexico |
| Awards | National Prize for Arts and Sciences Mexico (2005) |
|
23,274,338
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Highway_633
|
Alberta Highway 633
|
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 633, commonly referred to as Highway 633, is a highway in the province of Alberta, Canada. It runs west–east from Highway 757 just north of Highway 16 to Highway 2 in St. Albert. It runs through the summer villages on the north side of Isle Lake, and the south side of Lac Ste. Anne. It is also known as Villeneuve Road between Villeneuve and St. Albert.
| 2024-08-27T06:16:30
|
# Alberta Highway 633
**Alberta Provincial Highway No. 633**, commonly referred to as **Highway 633**, is a highway in the province of Alberta, Canada. It runs west–east from Highway 757 just north of Highway 16 to Highway 2 (St. Albert Trail) in St. Albert. It runs through the summer villages on the north side of Isle Lake, and the south side of Lac Ste. Anne. It is also known as Villeneuve Road between Villeneuve and St. Albert.
## Major intersections
Starting from the west end of Highway 633:
| Rural/specialized municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parkland County | | 0 | 0.0 | Highway 727 to Highway 16 (TCH) Sangudo, Gainford --- Township Road 534A | Hwy 633 western terminus<br>53°36′40″N 114°51′41″W / 53.61111°N 114.86139°W / 53.61111; -114.86139 (633 km 00) |
| Lac Ste. Anne County | Lake Isle | 11 | 6.8 | Range Road 55 | 53°38′52″N 114°42′52″W / 53.64778°N 114.71444°W / 53.64778; -114.71444 (633 km 11) |
| | Darwell | 20 | 12 | Highway 765 Cherhill, Fallis | 53°40′12″N 114°35′31″W / 53.67000°N 114.59194°W / 53.67000; -114.59194 (633 km 20) |
| | | 37 | 23 | Range Road 34 – Val Quentin | 53°39′27″N 114°22′13″W / 53.65750°N 114.37028°W / 53.65750; -114.37028 (633 km 37) |
| | 38 | 24 | Range Road 33 – Alberta Beach | 53°39′27″N 114°20′44″W / 53.65750°N 114.34556°W / 53.65750; -114.34556 (633 km 38) |
| | 46 | 29 | Highway 43 Grande Prairie, Carvel, Edmonton | 53°39′27″N 114°13′23″W / 53.65750°N 114.22306°W / 53.65750; -114.22306 (633 km 46) |
| Sturgeon County | | 64 | 40 | Highway 779 Calahoo, Stony Plain | 53°39′27″N 114°0′7″W / 53.65750°N 114.00194°W / 53.65750; -114.00194 (633 km 64) |
| | Villeneuve | 76 | 47 | Highway 44 Westlock, Acheson, Edmonton | 53°39′29″N 113°48′33″W / 53.65806°N 113.80917°W / 53.65806; -113.80917 (633 km 76) |
| City of St. Albert | | 86 | 53 | Ray Gibbon Drive | 53°39′29″N 113°40′40″W / 53.65806°N 113.67778°W / 53.65806; -113.67778 (633 km 86) |
| | 89 | 55 | St. Albert Trail (Highway 2) Athabasca, Edmonton --- Erin Ridge Road | Hwy 633 eastern terminus<br>53°39′29″N 113°37′48″W / 53.65806°N 113.63000°W / 53.65806; -113.63000 (633 km 89) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |
Media related to Alberta Highway 633 at Wikimedia Commons
## InfoBox
| Highway 633 | |
| --- | --- |
| Villeneuve Road | |
| | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Alberta Transportation | |
| Length | 89 km (55 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highway 757 near Gainford |
| Major intersections | |
| East end | Highway 2 in St. Albert |
| | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Specialized and rural municipalities | Parkland County, Lac Ste. Anne County, Sturgeon County |
| Major cities | St. Albert |
| | |
| Highway system | |
| | |
| Highway 631 Highway 640 | |
|
2,774,949
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Egger-Lienz
|
Albin Egger-Lienz
|
Albin Egger-Lienz was an Austrian painter known especially for rustic genre and historical paintings.
| 2024-05-29T00:05:52
|
# Albin Egger-Lienz
**Albin Egger-Lienz** (29 January 1868 – 4 November 1926) was an Austrian painter known especially for rustic genre and historical paintings.
## Career
He was born in Dölsach-Stribach near Lienz, in what was the county of Tyrol. He was the natural son of Maria Trojer, a peasant girl, and Georg Egger, a church painter. As an adult he used his father's surname combined with the name of his birthplace. He had his first artistic training under his father, and subsequently studied at the Academy in Munich where he was influenced by Franz Defregger and French painter Jean-François Millet.
From 1893 to 1899 he worked in Munich, where he joined the local artistic association. He exhibited from the mid-1890s. His early works depicted scenes of peasant life and historical scenes from the Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809, such as *Ave Maria after the Battle on the Bergisel* (1893–1896; Tyrolean State Museum, Innsbruck).
In 1899 he married Laura Möllwald (with whom he had children Lörli, Fred and Ila) and moved to Vienna where he worked separately from the local artistic environment. He tried in vain to get a job as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. In 1900 he participated in the Universal Exhibition in Paris and received the bronze medal for the painting *Feldsegen*.
During the first decade of the 20th century he often frequented and worked in the Tyrol, particularly in the Ötz Valley. In 1909 he joined the Vienna Secession. Under the influence of Ferdinand Hodler, Egger-Lienz developed a formal language of monumental expressiveness, showing a preference for heroic figures enclosed in stage-like spaces. Strongly outlined, massive forms were painted using a nearly monochromatic palette of earth colors.
In 1910, his request for a professorship at the Vienna Academy was again rejected, due to the opposition of the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
In 1911 he moved from Vienna to Hall near Innsbruck. During 1911 and 1912 he was professor at the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School in Weimar. He visited the Netherlands, where he studied the old masters. Egger-Lienz publicly distanced himself from the work of Hodler by means of an article titled "Monumentale Kunst", written by art critic Otto Kunz and published in 1912 under Egger-Lienz's name.
In September 1913 he moved with his family to Santa Giustina, near Bolzano.
He was called up for military service in 1915, but was soon exonerated from front service. He was a war painter in plainclothes on the southern Austrian front in 1916. After the end of the war he remained in South Tyrol. In 1919 he turned down a professorship in Vienna.
He resumed painting peasant scenes, but with religious content, as in *Christ’s Resurrection* (1924; Tyrolean State Museum, Innsbruck). He had critical success with the works painted in Italy, exhibited in Rome and Venice and in Vienna, in 1925, at the Wiener Künstlerhaus. He received a renewed proposal to teach at the Academy of Applied Arts in Vienna, but again declined.
In his last years he painted a series of paintings and frescoes for the Memorial Chapel of the Fallen in War in Lienz.
Egger-Lienz died of pneumonia on 4 November 1926 in St. Justina-Rentsch, Bozen/Bolzano, South Tirol/ Alto Adige, Italy.
* Clegg, Elizabeth (2008). "Albin Egger-Lienz. Vienna". *The Burlington Magazine*. **50** (1262): 354–356.
* Lachnit, Edwin (2003). "Egger-Lienz, Albin". *Grove Art Online*.
* Kristian Sotriffer, *Albin Egger-Lienz, 1868–1926*, 1983
* Wilfried Kirschl, *Albin Egger-Lienz*, 2 vols., 1996
|
13,126,135
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcolea_de_Tajo
|
Alcolea de Tajo
|
Alcolea de Tajo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 843 inhabitants.
| 2024-03-13T13:28:05
|
# Alcolea de Tajo
**Alcolea de Tajo** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 843 inhabitants.
## Demographics
Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 636 | |
| 1910 | 735 | +15.6% |
| 1920 | 715 | −2.7% |
| 1930 | 782 | +9.4% |
| 1940 | 935 | +19.6% |
| 1950 | 1,143 | +22.2% |
| 1960 | 1,210 | +5.9% |
| 1970 | 1,201 | −0.7% |
| 1981 | 866 | −27.9% |
| 1991 | 793 | −8.4% |
| 2001 | 772 | −2.6% |
| 2011 | 904 | +17.1% |
| 2021 | 843 | −6.7% |
| 2023 | 839 | −0.5% |
| Source:INE | | |
39°48′N 5°09′W / 39.800°N 5.150°W / 39.800; -5.150
## InfoBox
| Alcolea de Tajo | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Area | |
| Total | 61.49 km<sup>2</sup> (23.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 340 m (1,120 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 797 |
| Density | 13/km<sup>2</sup> (34/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
|
20,992,683
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%C3%B3w,_Ko%C5%82o_County
|
Aleksandrów, Koło County
|
Aleksandrów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chodów, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Koło and 142 km (88 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
| 2024-03-20T07:37:29
|
# Aleksandrów, Koło County
**Aleksandrów** \[alɛkˈsandruf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chodów, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Koło and 142 km (88 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
## InfoBox
| Aleksandrów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Aleksandrów | |
| Coordinates: 52°15′N 18°59′E / 52.250°N 18.983°E / 52.250; 18.983 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Koło |
| Gmina | Chodów |
| Population | 70 |
|
28,336,648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Mountain_forests
|
Alberta Mountain forests
|
The Alberta Mountain forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of Western Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
| 2023-01-07T23:31:06
|
# Alberta Mountain forests
The **Alberta Mountain forests** are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of Western Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
## Setting
This ecoregion covers the grand Rocky Mountains of Alberta including the eastern outliers of the Continental Ranges. Located almost entirely in Alberta and taking in the Alberta-British Columbia border from Banff north to Jasper, Alberta and Kakwa Wildlands Park. This is an area of glaciers and high mountains covered with a forest of tall trees. The highest points are the mountains around the Columbia Icefield the largest ice field in the Rockies.
The mountain valleys have a mild climate with warm, dry summers and snowy winters but the high mountain sides have a harsher climate. Average summer temperatures are 12 °C going down to -7 °C in winter.
## Flora
Trees include Trembling aspen (*Populus tremuloides*), Lodgepole Pine (*Pinus contorta*), Engelmann spruce (*Picea engelmannii*), White spruce (*Picea glauca*), Subalpine fir (*Abies lasiocarpa*) and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (*Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca*) as minor component in the central and southern part of the ecoregion.
## Fauna
These mountains are home to good numbers of large mammals. All five species of North American deer inhabit this ecoregion including woodland caribou *(Rangifer tarandus caribou)*, elk *(Cervus elaphus)*, moose *(Alces alces andersoni)*, mule deer *(Odocoileus hemionus)*, and white-tailed deer (northern Rocky Mountains/tawny white-tail) *(Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus)*. Bighorn sheep *(Ovis canadensis)*, and mountain goat *(Oreamnos americanus)* can also be found here. Predators in the mountains and forests include lynx *(Lynx canadensis)*, coyote (*Canis latrans*), grizzly bear *(Ursus arctos horribilis)*, black bear *(Ursus americanus cinnamomum)*, cougar *(Puma concolor couguar)*, red fox (*Vulpes vulpes*), and wolf *(Canis lupus)*. Smaller wildlife such as snowshoe hare (*Lepus americanus*), and American pygmy shrew (*Sorex hoyi*) can be found here as well and the Banff Springs snail (*Physella johnsoni*) which is endemic to Banff National Park. Birds include Townsend's warbler (*Setophaga townsendi*), Clark's nutcracker (*Nucifraga columbiana*), Black-billed magpie (*Pica hudsonia*), veery (*Catharus fuscescens*), and bald eagle (*Haliaeetus leucocephalus*).
## Threats and preservation
80% of these forests are intact although some is being removed for urban development and tourism in the valley areas. Large areas of natural habitat remain in Banff National Park, Jasper National Park, Kakwa Wildlands, Willmore Wilderness Park, and Ghost River Wilderness Area.
This ecozone corresponds to the human region called Alberta's Rockies.
53°00′00″N 118°00′00″W / 53.0000°N 118.0000°W / 53.0000; -118.0000
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Alberta Mountain forests | Canada |
| Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests | Canada |
| Arizona Mountains forests | United States |
| Atlantic coastal pine barrens | United States |
| Blue Mountains forests | United States |
| British Columbia mainland coastal forests | Canada, United States |
| Cascade Mountains leeward forests | Canada, United States |
| Central and Southern Cascades forests | United States |
| Central British Columbia Mountain forests | Canada |
| Central Pacific coastal forests | Canada, United States |
| Colorado Rockies forests | United States |
| Eastern Cascades forests | Canada, United States |
| Fraser Plateau and Basin complex | Canada |
| Florida scrub | United States |
| Great Basin montane forests | United States |
| Haida Gwaii | Canada |
| Klamath-Siskiyou forests | United States |
| Middle Atlantic coastal forests | United States |
| North Central Rockies forests | Canada, United States |
| Northern California coastal forests | United States |
| Northern Pacific coastal forests | Canada, United States |
| Northern transitional alpine forests | Canada |
| Okanagan dry forests | Canada, United States |
| Piney Woods forests | United States |
| Puget lowland forests | Canada, United States |
| Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests | Mexico |
| Sierra Nevada forests | United States |
| South Central Rockies forests | United States |
| Southeastern conifer forests | United States |
| Wasatch and Uinta montane forests | United States |
## InfoBox
| Alberta Mountains forest | |
| --- | --- |
| Spruce forest around Lake Louise in Banff National Park | |
| | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Nearctic |
| Biome | Temperate coniferous forests |
| Borders | |
| Bird species | 179 |
| Mammal species | 57 |
| Geography | |
| Area | 39,800 km<sup>2</sup> (15,400 sq mi) |
| Country | Canada |
| Provinces | |
| Climate type | Highly variable |
| Conservation | |
| Conservation status | Relatively Stable/Intact |
| Habitat loss | 56.25% |
| Protected | 63.85% |
|
39,607,664
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Neiswanger_Hall
|
Alberta Neiswanger Hall
|
Alberta Grace Neiswanger Hall, also known as Alberta N. Burton, was an American composer of children's songs and books. She wrote musical settings for 26 poems in "The Songs of Father Goose" by L. Frank Baum in 1900. Her other works include musical settings for Lizette Woodworth Reese and Percy Blackmer, as well as her own original lyrics, and have been called "full of genuine melodic charm and no little skill of harmonic workmanship." Neiswanger was born in Richmond, Virginia, to Joseph Neiswanger and Marion Louise Paxson. She married George Eckart Hall in 1893 in Chicago. They later divorced. In 1902 in New Orleans, she married Edmund F. Burton, a physician who left medicine for the study of Christian Science. She also converted to the religion. She died in Concord, New Hampshire.
| 2024-03-13T03:19:26
|
# Alberta Neiswanger Hall
**Alberta Grace Neiswanger Hall** (November 10, 1870 – May 9, 1956), also known as **Alberta N. Burton**, was an American composer of children's songs and books. She wrote musical settings for 26 poems in "The Songs of Father Goose" by L. Frank Baum in 1900.
Her other works include musical settings for Lizette Woodworth Reese and Percy Blackmer, as well as her own original lyrics, and have been called "full of genuine melodic charm and no little skill of harmonic workmanship."
Neiswanger was born in Richmond, Virginia, to Joseph Neiswanger and Marion Louise Paxson. She married George Eckart Hall in 1893 in Chicago. They later divorced. In 1902 in New Orleans, she married Edmund F. Burton, a physician who left medicine for the study of Christian Science. She also converted to the religion.
She died in Concord, New Hampshire.
## Selected works
|
13,126,151
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldeanueva_de_Barbarroya
|
Aldeanueva de Barbarroya
|
Aldeanueva de Barbarroya is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 542 inhabitants. The municipality has a neighboring village known as Puerto Lasnuco.
| 2024-06-11T21:47:34
|
# Aldeanueva de Barbarroya
**Aldeanueva de Barbarroya** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 542 inhabitants.
The municipality has a neighboring village known as Puerto Lasnuco.
## Demographics
Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 1,715 | |
| 1910 | 1,878 | +9.5% |
| 1920 | 2,126 | +13.2% |
| 1930 | 2,531 | +19.0% |
| 1940 | 2,616 | +3.4% |
| 1950 | 2,943 | +12.5% |
| 1960 | 2,752 | −6.5% |
| 1970 | 1,540 | −44.0% |
| 1981 | 1,024 | −33.5% |
| 1991 | 893 | −12.8% |
| 2001 | 804 | −10.0% |
| 2011 | 654 | −18.7% |
| 2021 | 495 | −24.3% |
| 2023 | 452 | −8.7% |
| Source: INE | | |
39°45′N 5°01′W / 39.750°N 5.017°W / 39.750; -5.017
## InfoBox
| Aldeanueva de Barbarroya, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Municipality | Aldeanueva de Barbarroya |
| Area | |
| Total | 92 km<sup>2</sup> (36 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 480 m (1,570 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 542 |
| Density | 5.9/km<sup>2</sup> (15/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
|
62,786,356
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanishk_Seth_(musician)
|
Kanishk Seth (musician)
|
Kanishk Seth is an Indian composer, singer and songwriter based in Mumbai. Kanishk became popular after his fusion album Trance With Khusrow, which he produced in collaboration with his mother Kavita Seth, and which was nominated for the Global Indian Music Academy Awards in 2015.
| 2024-10-08T05:15:12
|
# Kanishk Seth (musician)
**Kanishk Seth** is an Indian composer, singer and songwriter based in Mumbai. Kanishk became popular after his fusion album *Trance With Khusrow*, which he produced in collaboration with his mother Kavita Seth, and which was nominated for the Global Indian Music Academy Awards in 2015.
## Personal life
Kanishk belongs to a musical family, including his mother Kavita Seth and his sibling Kavish Seth.
## Filmography
| Year | Film | Title | Singer(s) | Note(s) | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Pinky Memsaab* | "Dil Jogia" | | | |
| 2022 | *Jugjugg Jeeyo* | "Rang Saari" | Kanishk Seth, Kavita Seth | Along With Kavita Seth | |
| | *Double XL* | "Ki Jaana" | | | |
## Songs
| Song | Album/EP | Singer | Lyricist | Year of Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Aane Ko Hai Khaab* | EP | Kanishk Seth | Kanishk Seth | 2018 |
| *Trance With Khusrow* | Album | Kavita Seth | Kanishk Seth | 2015 |
|
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Category | Nominated For | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Global Indian Music Academy Awards** | | | |
| **2015** | *Best Music Debut Non-Film* | Trance With Khusrow | Nominated |
| **Global Indian Music Academy Awards** | | | |
| **2015** | Best Fusion Album | Trance With Khusrow | Nominated |
|
| **Mirchi Music Awards** | | | |
| **2015** | Best Fusion Album | Trance With Khusrow | Nominated |
|
## InfoBox
| Kanishk Seth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Dec 1, 1995 |
| Origin | New Delhi, India |
| Genres | Electronic music, Independent music |
| Occupation(s) | singer,songwriter & Music Producer |
| Years active | 2014–present |
|
15,601,595
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa_11th_district
|
Kanagawa 11th district
|
Kanagawa 11th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in Kanagawa Prefecture, and consists of the cities of Miura and Yokosuka. This constituency has United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka where is the home port of US Naval Forces in Japan which is the integral part of United States Forces Japan, home of Seventh Fleet of United States Navy and JMSDF Yokosuka Naval Base, which hosts Fleet Submarine Force, Mine Warfare Force, Fleet Research and Development Command, Fleet Intelligence Command of Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It also has Nissan Oppama Plant, Yokosuka Research Park Former Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi served as the first representative of the constituency from its creation in 1996. Koizumi retired at the 2009 elections and his son Shinjirō ran as a candidate for his father's old seat. The Democratic Party of Japan fielded Katsuhito Yokokume, a lawyer and former participant in the Ainori TV show, as a candidate in 2009 to a bid to end the LDP dominance of the district. As of September 2012, 391,020 eligible voters were registered in the district.
| 2024-09-25T10:09:58
|
# Kanagawa 11th district
**Kanagawa 11th district** (神奈川県第11区, *Kanagawa-ken dai-juichi-ku*, also 神奈川11区, Kanagawa-ken juichi-ku) is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan (national legislature). It is located in Kanagawa Prefecture, and consists of the cities of Miura and Yokosuka.
This constituency has United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka where is the home port of US Naval Forces in Japan which is the integral part of United States Forces Japan, home of Seventh Fleet of United States Navy and JMSDF Yokosuka Naval Base, which hosts Fleet Submarine Force, Mine Warfare Force, Fleet Research and Development Command, Fleet Intelligence Command of Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It also has Nissan Oppama Plant, Yokosuka Research Park
Former Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi served as the first representative of the constituency from its creation in 1996. Koizumi retired at the 2009 elections and his son Shinjirō ran as a candidate for his father's old seat. The Democratic Party of Japan fielded Katsuhito Yokokume, a lawyer and former participant in the Ainori TV show, as a candidate in 2009 to a bid to end the LDP dominance of the district.
As of September 2012, 391,020 eligible voters were registered in the district.
## List of representatives
| Member | Party | Dates | Electoral history | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| <br>**Junichiro Koizumi** | Liberal Democratic | 20 October 1996 – 21 July 2009 | Elected in 1996.<br>Re-elected in 2000.<br>Re-elected in 2003.<br>Re-elected in 2005. | Prime Minister of Japan (2001-2006)<br>Minister of Health and Welfare (1988-1989; 1996-1998)<br>Minister of Post and Telecommunications (1992–1993) |
| <br>**Shinjirō Koizumi** | Liberal Democratic | 31 August 2009 – *incumbent* | Elected in 2009.<br>Re-elected in 2012.<br>Re-elected in 2014.<br>Re-elected in 2017.<br>Re-elected in 2021. | Minister of the Environment (2019-2021)<br>Second son of Jun'ichirō Koizumi |
## Election results
2021
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Shinjirō Koizumi | 147,634 | 79.2 | 1.2 |
| | Communist | Nobuaki Hayashi | 38,843 | 20.8 | 9.8 |
| Turnout | | | | 52.21 | 0.1 |
2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Shinjirō Koizumi | 154,761 | 78.0 | 5.3 |
| | Communist | Kazuhiro Seto | 21,874 | 11.0 | 5.7 |
| | Kibō no Tō | Ryō Mashiro | 18,583 | 9.4 | |
| Turnout | | | | 52.11 | 2.4 |
2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Shinjirō Koizumi | 168,953 | 83.3 | 3.4 |
| | Communist | Kazuhiro Seto | 33,930 | 16.7 | 9.0 |
| Turnout | | | | 54.50 | |
2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Shinjirō Koizumi | 184,360 | 79.9 | |
| | Democratic | Kōtarō Hayashi | 25,134 | 10.9 | |
| | Communist | Michio Saida | 17,740 | 7.7 | |
| | Independent | Toshihide Morimoto | 2,131 | 0.9 | |
| | Independent | Yoshinobu Iwata | 1,489 | 0.6 | |
2009
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Shinjirō Koizumi | 150,893 | 56.16 | 17.00 |
| | Democratic | Katsuhito Yokokume | 96,631 | 35.97 | 17.20 |
| | Communist | Masako Itō | 12,601 | 4.69 | 0.47 |
| | Happiness Realization Party | Akihisa Tsurukawa | 2,375 | 0.88 | N/A |
| | Independent | Yoshinobu Iwata | 1,830 | 0.68 | N/A |
| Majority | | | 54,262 | 20.20 | 34.19 |
| Turnout | | | 268,666 | 68.12 | 0.34 |
| | Liberal Democratic **hold** | | Swing | -17.10 | |
2005
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Junichiro Koizumi | 197,037 | 73.16 | −1.26 |
| | Democratic | Tsuyoshi Saitō | 50,551 | 18.77 | 0.0 |
| | Communist | Kazuhiro Seto | 11,377 | 4.22 | −1.59 |
| | Independent | Naoto Amaki | 7,475 | 2.78 | 0.0 |
| | Independent | Hideyoshi Hashiba | 2,874 | 1.07 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 146,486 | 54.39 | −0.28 |
| Turnout | | | 272,431 | 68.46 | 8.55 |
| | Liberal Democratic **hold** | | Swing | | |
2003
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Junichiro Koizumi | 174,374 | 74.42 | 5.40 |
| | Democratic | Yusuke Sawaki | 46,290 | 19.76 | 1.02 |
| | Communist | Kazuhiro Seto | 13,632 | 5.82 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 128,084 | 54.67 | 4.38 |
| Turnout | | | 238,996 | 59.91 | 0.52 |
| | Liberal Democratic **hold** | | Swing | | |
2000
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Junichiro Koizumi | 157,335 | 69.03 | 10.87 |
| | Democratic | Yusuke Sawaki | 42,707 | 18.74 | 0.0 |
| | Communist | Yasushi Koizumi | 27,890 | 12.24 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 114,628 | 50.29 | 18.30 |
| Turnout | | | | 59.39 | −0.26 |
| | Liberal Democratic **hold** | | Swing | | |
1996
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Liberal Democratic | Junichiro Koizumi | 118,955 | 58.16 | 0.0 |
| | New Frontier | Tadatsugu Miyagi | 53,523 | 26.17 | 0.0 |
| | Communist | Mitsutaka Yoshida | 27,518 | 13.45 | 0.0 |
| | Liberal League | Seiichi Hata | 4,552 | 2.23 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 65,432 | 31.99 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | | 59.65 | 0.0 |
| | Liberal Democratic **hold** | | Swing | | |
## InfoBox
| Kanagawa 11th District | |
| --- | --- |
| 神奈川県第11区 | |
| Parliamentary constituency<br>for the Japanese House of Representatives | |
| *Numbered map of Kanagawa Prefecture single-member districts* | |
| Prefecture | Kanagawa |
| Proportional District | Minamikanto |
| Electorate | 374,938 |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1994 |
| Seats | One |
| Party | LDP |
| Representative | Shinjirō Koizumi (2009-) |
| Created from | Kanagawa's 2nd "medium-sized" district |
| Municipalities | Yokosuka, Miura |
|
28,350,123
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Chemical_Battalion
|
23rd Chemical Battalion
|
The 23d CBRN Battalion is a Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosives defense battalion of the United States Army, part of the 2ID Sustainment Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division at Camp Humphreys, Korea. It traces its lineage back to the 1944 formation of the 23rd Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion in England during World War II. The 23rd was inactivated after the end of the war and reactivated in 1949 as the 4th Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion, serving in the Korean War before being inactivated in Germany at the end of the 1950s. The 23rd Chemical Battalion was reactivated in Korea in 1988.
| 2023-10-15T02:59:23
|
# 23rd Chemical Battalion
The **23d CBRN Battalion** is a Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosives defense battalion of the United States Army, part of the 2ID Sustainment Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division at Camp Humphreys, Korea.
It traces its lineage back to the 1944 formation of the **23rd Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion** in England during World War II. The 23rd was inactivated after the end of the war and reactivated in 1949 as the **4th Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion**, serving in the Korean War before being inactivated in Germany at the end of the 1950s. The 23rd Chemical Battalion was reactivated in Korea in 1988.
## History
* Constituted 27 May 1944 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 23d Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion, and activated in England
* Inactivated 12 November 1945 in France
* Redesignated 18 January 1949 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 4th Chemical Smoke Generator Battalion, and allotted to the Regular Army
* Activated 1 February 1949 at the Army Chemical Center, Edgewood, Maryland
* Reorganized and redesignated 4 March 1954 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 4th Chemical Battalion
* Inactivated 15 June 1959 in Germany
* Redesignated 16 September 1988 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 23d Chemical Battalion, and activated in Korea
In a 4 April 2013 ceremony, the 23d Chemical Battalion was officially transferred back to Korea after spending eight years at Joint Base Lewis–McChord. On 16 October 2016, its headquarters and headquarters detachment was redesignated as a company.
## Composition
The 23d CBRN Battalion is currently composed of:
As of 10 June 2013, the following companies were reassigned from the 23rd CBRNE BN.
## Campaign participation credit
* World War II
+ Normandy
+ Northern France
+ Rhineland
+ Ardennes-Alsace
+ Central Europe
* Korean War
+ UN Defensive
+ UN Offensive
+ CCF Intervention
+ First UN Counteroffensive
+ CCF Spring Offensive
+ UN Summer-Fall Offensive
+ Second Korean Winter
+ Korea, Summer-Fall 1952
+ Third Korean Winter
+ Korea, Summer 1953
* War on Terrorism
## Decorations
This article incorporates public domain material from *Lineage and Honors of the 23d Chemical Battalion*. United States Army Center of Military History.
## InfoBox
| 23d CBRN Battalion | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Active | 1944–45<br>1949–59<br>1988 – present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Type | Chemical |
| Size | Battalion |
| Part of | 2nd Sustainment Brigade |
| Engagements | World War II<br>Korea War<br>War on Terror |
| Insignia | |
| Distinctive Unit Insignia | |
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47,006,100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_Culture_Research_Group
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Computing Culture Research Group
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The MIT Computing Culture Research Group was an applied research group at the MIT Media Lab founded and led by technologist and artist Christopher Csikszentmihályi, who also co-founded the MIT Center for Civic Media. Between 2000 and 2009, Computing Culture focused on "embedding poetic and political considerations in the development of new technologies." Its stated mission read in part:
- To refigure what engineering means, how it happens, and what it produces. Drawing on fields from the humanities, like Science and technology studies, we create new technologies that function as instances of material power, but also as exemplars of what future goals engineering should pursue.
| 2022-08-30T05:52:22
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# Computing Culture Research Group
The **MIT Computing Culture Research Group** was an applied research group at the MIT Media Lab founded and led by technologist and artist Christopher Csikszentmihályi, who also co-founded the MIT Center for Civic Media. Between 2000 and 2009, **Computing Culture** focused on "embedding poetic and political considerations in the development of new technologies." Its stated mission read in part:
To refigure what engineering means, how it happens, and what it produces. Drawing on fields from the humanities, like Science and technology studies, we create new technologies that function as instances of material power, but also as exemplars of what future goals engineering should pursue.
## Research and development
**Computing Culture** designed and built tools to comment on technology and its implications for social power dynamics, but also to function when applied. Tools produced within **Computing Culture** included, but are not limited to:
## Notable alumni
**Computing Culture** awarded degrees at the Master's and PhD level. Notable alumni include:
1. http://compcult.media.mit.edu/
2. "Rhizome".
3. "Rhizome".
4. "The Robots of Resistance | the Big Roundtable". Archived from the original on 2015-12-20. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
5. Mirapaul, Matthew (26 November 2001). "ARTS ONLINE; A War Game (Sort of), but You Can't Control the Action". *The New York Times*.
6. "The Wagers of War". 4 March 2003.
7. "CIO Definitions - SearchCIO".
8. "Blendie 2000 Voice-Controlled Blender Does in Fact Blend (Video)". 20 November 2007.
9. "Things That Think: Freedom Flies".
10. "LittleBits' Ayah Bdeir: Making Hardware as Hackable as Code". 25 March 2014.
11. "The Robots of Resistance | the Big Roundtable". Archived from the original on 2015-12-20. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
12. "Seeing yellow over color printer tracking devices | Linux Journal".
13. "Tad Hirsch | School of Art | University of Washington". *www.art.washington.edu*. Archived from the original on 2013-02-25.
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2,404,415
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inazuman
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Inazuman
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Inazuman (イナズマン) is a television series starring a mutant fictional character of the same name created by Shotaro Ishinomori. The first television series ran from October 2, 1973 to March 26, 1974 with a total of 25 episodes. A second season named Inazuman Flash aired in 1974 from April 9 to September 24 with a total of 23 episodes.
| 2024-09-18T21:03:54
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# Inazuman
***Inazuman*** (イナズマン) is a television series starring a mutant fictional character of the same name created by Shotaro Ishinomori. The first television series ran from October 2, 1973 to March 26, 1974 with a total of 25 episodes. A second season named ***Inazuman Flash*** (イナズマンF(フラッシュ), *Inazuman Furasshu*) aired in 1974 from April 9 to September 24 with a total of 23 episodes.
## Inazuman Specs
Inazuman is, in reality, young college student Goro Watari (渡 五郎, *Watari Gorō*), a mutant. He lost his mother as a child and had other dark moments in his childhood (he had a childhood girlfriend named Teresa (テレサ) who was taken away by an American soldier during the US occupation of Japan). However, when the Neo-Human Empire Phantom Army (新人類帝国ファントム軍団, *Shinjinrui Teikoku Fantomu Gundan*) begins its attacks on humankind with its Phantom Soldiers (ファントム兵士, *Fantomu Heishi*) and Mutant Creatures (悪魔の生き物, *Akuma no ikimono*), he puts his psionic powers to the test.
First, he performs a henshin (transforming) pose (crossing his arms in front of his chest) and uttering the phrase, "Gōriki Shōrai" (剛力招来, literally "Summon Mighty Power"), he is wrapped in a blue cocoon, which bursts, revealing the creature Sanagiman (サナギマン). He resembles an armored brown pupa mutant with a white belt which has a biomechanical power meter on it.
Sanagiman is able to absorb the kinetic energy of any attack used against him, and when he gathers enough energy into his belt, he crosses his fists in front of his chest, uttering the phrase, "Chōriki Shōrai" (超力招来, literally "Summon Super Power"), and spreads them aside, with his chest emitting a swirl of colorful energy. Sanagiman's exterior then explodes to pieces, and in his place is Inazuman. He is a moth-like mutant wearing the same power belt as Sanagiman and resembles a blue humanoid with huge colorful oval eyes, prominent lightning-shaped antennas, black gloves and boots, yellow lightning-shaped marks that stream down his body, and a yellow scarf he can transform into various weapons, including a whip-like chain.
As both Sanagiman and Inazuman, his kiai fighting cry is "Chest!" (チェスト！, *Chesuto!*), which originates from the Japanese island of Kyūshū where the main character, Goro Watari, hails.
Goro is a member of the Youth League (少年同盟, *Shōnen Dōmei*), a Science Patrol-style group of similarly psychic-powered young people, and has a telepathic link with the sentient flying car Raijingo (ライジンゴー, *Raijingō*) which can fire missiles and bite bad guys with the teeth built into its mouth-like grill ("Raijin" is the Japanese god of thunder).
## Media
### Manga
A manga adaptation by creator Shotaro Ishinomori was serialized in Shogakukan's *Weekly Shōnen Sunday* from 1973 to 1974. In the manga adaptation, Goro Watari is a junior high school student named Saburo Kazeta (風田 サブロウ, *Kazeta Saburō*), and is nicknamed "Sabu" (サブ). The character first appeared in Ishinomori's manga "Mutant Sabu".
Inazuman appeared somewhat different than in the live action tokusatsu version, and was created when the series was in development as an animated series, provisionally titled "**Mutant Z**". In these versions, the character appeared to be naked, with a curled proboscis stemming from his forehead, and was even able to sprout moth wings from his back. The manga version of Sanagiman was also slightly different from the tokusatsu version. In the manga, Saburo has also a childhood girlfriend nicknamed "Miyoppe" (ミヨッペ) who is usually the victim of Saburo's jokes with his psychic powers.
### Tokusatsu Series
***Inazuman*** (イナズマン) was produced by Toei Company Ltd. and broadcast on NET (now TV Asahi) from October 2, 1973 to March 26, 1974, with a total of 25 episodes. The series starred Daisuke Ban (as Naoya Ban) of *Kikaider* fame in the title role as he fights Emperor Banba (帝王バンバ, *Teiō Banba*) and his demon minions. The entire 48-episode series was broadcast (with English subtitles) on KIKU-TV in Honolulu, Hawaii in the mid-1970s, during the height of the popularity of tokusatsu programs ignited by the success of Kikaider in 1974.
1. Horror of the Neo-Human Race: The Challenge of Banba!! (恐怖の新人類 バンバの挑戦!!, *Kyōfu no Shinjinrui Banba no Chōsen!!*)
2. Youth League, Beware! The Cursed Water!! (危うし少年同盟! 呪いの水!!, *Ayaushi Shōnen Dōmei! Noroi no Mizu!!*)
3. Phantom Hell Beckons the Black Death! (黒い死を呼ぶファントム地獄!, *Kuroi Shi o Yobu Fantomu Jigoku!*)
4. The Japanese Archipelago Explodes!! (日本列島大爆発!!, *Nihon Rettō Daibakuhatsu!!*)
5. Epic Dogfight! Raijingo Bites!! (大空中戦! かみつくライジンゴー!!, *Daikūchūsen! Kamitsuku Raijingō!!*)
6. Bizarre Snow Banbara's Neo-Human Surgery!! (怪奇ユキバンバラ! 新人類手術!!, *Kaiki Yuki Banbara! Shinjinrui Shujutsu!!*)
7. Weird! A Flying Eye!? (奇怪! 空飛ぶ一ツ目!?, *Kikai! Sora Tobu Hitotsume!?*)
8. Terrifying Sandstorm! Major Airport Engulfed!! (恐怖砂あらし! 大空港沈没!!, *Kyōfu Sunaarashi! Daikūkō Chinbotsu!!*)
9. The Glowing Mold Stalks the Night!! (光るカビは夜歩く!!, *Hikaru Kabi wa Yoru Aruku!!*)
10. Terror of the Carnivorous Gas!! (人喰いガスの恐怖!!, *Hitokui Gasu no Kyōfu!!*)
11. Rose Banbara is Inazuman's Mother (バラバンバラはイナズマンの母, *Bara Banbara wa Inazuman no Haha*)
12. Mother's Enemy: Banba vs. Inazuman (母の仇バンバ対イナズマン, *Haha no Kataki Banba Tai Inazuman*)
13. Inazuman Wounded (傷ついたイナズマン, *Kizutsuita Inazuman*)
14. The Fury of Raijingo: Great Dogfight!! (怒りのライジンゴー 大空中戦!!, *Ikari no Raijingō Daikūchūsen!!*)
15. A Mother's Shadow Devoured (影をくわれたお母さん, *Kage o Kuwareta Okāsan*)
16. Race to Fulfill a Promise! (約束に向って走れ!, *Yakusoku ni Mukatte Hashire!*)
17. Puzzling Confrontation! Two Goro Wataris!! (謎の対決! ふたりの渡五郎!!, *Nazo no Taiketsu! Futari no Watari Gorō!!*)
18. A Lightning Strike for Friendship!! (友情のイナズマ落し!!, *Yūjō no Inazuma Otoshi!!*)
19. The Mysterious Deadly Boxer: Mirror X? (謎の殺人ボクサー ミラーX?, *Nazo no Satsujin Bokusā Mirā Ekkusu?*)
20. Chase the Star Saucer! Raijingo!! (星円盤を追え! ライジンゴー!!, *Hoshi Enban o Oe! Raijngō!!*)
21. Watari Goro: Inazuman Dies!? (渡五郎 イナズマン死す!?, *Watari Gorō Inazuman Shisu!?*)
22. The Walking Clay Doll: Terror of the Cracking Earth!! (歩く土人形 恐怖の大地割れ!!, *Aruku Tsuchi Ningyō Kyōfu no Daijiware!!*)
23. The Cursed Paint That Melts Humans (呪いのえのぐが人を溶かす, *Noroi no Enogu ga Hito o Tokasu*)
24. The Mysterious Robot Warrior? (謎のロボット戦士?, *Nazo no Robotto Senshi?*)
25. Majestic! The End of Emperor Banba!! (壮烈! 帝王バンバの最期!!, *Sōretsu! Teiō Banba no Saigo!!*)
Inazuman 3D Movie Project (飛び出す立体映画 イナズマン Tobidasu Rittai Eiga Inazuman)
***Inazuman Flash*** (イナズマンF（フラッシュ）, *Inazuman Furasshu*) was produced by Toei Company Ltd. and broadcast on NET (now TV Asahi) from April 9, 1974 to September 24, 1974, with a total of 23 episodes. A direct and darker continuation of the first series, a new enemy emerges in the evil robots of the Despar Army (デスパー軍団, *Desupā Gundan*) led by Führer Geisel (ガイゼル総統, *Gaizeru Sōtō*). Inazuman, gaining the ability to hurl lightning bolts, is joined by a cynical cyborg Interpol agent named Makoto Arai (荒井 誠, *Arai Makoto*).
1. Terror of Führer Geisel and the Mysterious Despar Army! (恐怖のガイゼル総統と謎のデスパー軍団!, *Kyōfu no Gaizeru Sōtō to Nazo no Gundan!*)
2. Terrifying Safari!! Great Operation at Sea!! (戦慄のサファリ! 海中大作戦!!, *Senritsu no Safari! Kaichū Daisakusen!!*)
3. 500 Hydrogen Bombs!! Great Underground Battle! (水爆500発!! 地底大戦争!, *Subaku Gohyappatsu!! Chitei Daisensō!*)
4. The Mysterious Airship? To Space!! (謎の飛行船? 宇宙へ!!, *Nazo no Hikōsen? Uchū e!!*)
5. DES Missiles: Great Aerial Battle!! (DES（デス）ミサイル大空中戦!!, *Desu Misairu Daikūchūsen!!*)
6. Geisel's Great Fort (ガイゼルの大要塞, *Gaizeru no Daiyōsai*)
7. Great Decisive Battle! Udespar vs. Inazuman!! (大決戦! ウデスパー対イナズマン!!, *Daikessen! Udesupā Tai Inazuman!!*)
8. Udespar Siblings! Cross Hurricane!! (ウデスパー兄弟! クロスハリケーン!!, *Udesupā Kyōdai! Kurosu Harikēn*)
9. Boys Circus and Great Multi-Operation (少年サーカスとマルチ大作戦, *Shōnen Sākasu to Maruchi Daisakusen*)
10. Udespar Siblings' Defiant Shape (ウデスパー兄弟の挑戦状!!, *Udesupā Kyōdai no Chōsenjō!!*)
11. Beautiful Cyborg! The Alter-ego at Dawn!! (美しいサイボーグ! 暁に分身す!!, *Utsukushii Saibōgu! Akatsuki ni Bunshin su!!*)
12. Phantom City: Despar City (幻影都市デスパー・シティ, *Genei Toshi Desupā Shiti*)
13. White Darkness!! Witch Sings the Babysitter Song (白い闇!! 鬼女がうたう子守歌, *Shiroi Yami!! Kijo ga Utau Komoriuta*)
14. Great Aerial Battle!! Combine Udespar Tactical Squad (大空中戦!! 合体ウデスパー戦略部隊, *Daikūchūsen!! Gattai Udesupā Senryaku Butai*)
15. Big Flood Operation!! (大洪水作戦!!, *Daikōzui Sakusen!!*)
16. The Mysterious Woman: Whose Name is the Despar Secret Agent (謎の女 その名はデスパー秘密捜査官, *Nazo no Onna Sono Na wa Desupā Himitsu Sōsakan*)
17. Blue Pupils of the Invader (青い瞳のインベーダー, *Aoi Hitomi no Inbēdā*)
18. Red Queen: Ballad of Assassination (レッドクイン 暗殺のバラード, *Red Kuin Ansatsu no Barādo*)
19. Inazuman: Joins the Despar Army!! (イナズマン デスパー軍団に入隊す!!, *Inazuman Desupā Gundan ni Nyūtai su!!*)
20. Butterfly and Guillotine: Flower Hell Operation (蝶とギロチン 花地獄作戦, *Chō to Girochin Hana Jigoku Sakusen*)
21. The Deceased Squad - Route 047 (死者部隊ルート047, *Shisha Butai Rūto*)
22. Kill the Burdensome Ones: Geisel's Supereme Command (邪魔者は殺（け）せ ガイゼルの至上命令, *Jamamono wa Kese Gaizeru no Shijō Meirei*)
23. Farewell Inazuman: Geisel's Last Day (さらばイナズマン ガイゼル最期の日, *Saraba Inazuman Gaizeru Saigo no Hi*)
### *Kamen Rider* series
## Demon Creatures
Demon creatures were psionics converted into neo-humans, sometimes involuntarily, by the Neo-Human Empire led by Emperor Banba and the commanders of the Phantom Soldiers.
* **Quintuple Banbara**: Appears in episode 1, and movie. Powers include invisibility, creating fissures from his left arm called the Terra Splitter, long range flames from the mouth of his middle face called the Pillar of Fire, a human disguise, and high jumping.
* **Water Banbara**: Appears in episode 2. Powers include teleporting and controlling water, reverting into toxic water that can spawn holograms of himself, constricting seaweed called the Seaweed Squeeze, teleporting and size growth by water, a high pressure hose from the left arm, and summoning small waterspouts.
* **Bubo Banbara**: Appears in episode 3. Powers include hurricane-force winds from a fan hidden in his back, freezing mouth foam powered by banbacteria, and invisibility.
* **Bone Banbara**: Appears in episode 4. Powers include rib daggers in the torso, damaging people in their dreams, teleportation, remote cross bombs called the Devil's Cross, body part separation, soul stealing, a femur-like club, and summoning flames called the Flames of Purgatory.
* **Gale Banbara**: Appears in episode 5, and movie. Powers include manipulating wind, a human disguise, and spawning cyclones called the Cyclonic Wind.
* **Snow Banbara**: Appears in episode 6. Powers include icy mouth mist called the Absolute Zero Blizzard, teleportation, a human disguise, a sharp icicles called the Ice Daggers, and summoning a blizzard called the Banbara Snow Slide.
* **Hundred-Eye Banbara**: Appears in episode 7. Powers include teleportation, hypnosis called the Eyesolation Barrier, attaching evil eyes that make psionics become violent against their will, a human disguise, telekinesis, and summoning the Mammoth Eye flying base.
* **Sand Banbara**: Appears in episode 8, and movie. Powers include sand manipulation to the point of spawning storms and quick sand, converting water into sand, teleportation, a cone-like trap called the Sand Bambara Hell Trap used for psionics, and dissolving into sand and reforming.
* **Mold Banbara**: Appears in episode 9, and movie. Powers include acidic mold tentacles from the mouth called the Mold Banbara Mangler Hold, dissolving into mold and reforming, mind control mold spores with teleportation properties, and summoning a mold tsunami using giant versions of the mold tentacles.
* **Gas Banbara**: Appears in episode 10. Powers include emitting acidic poisonous gas, a spiked kanabo for the left arm, a human disguise, mouth grenades, summoning rock slides called the Mountain Tsunami, and mentally controlling the Phantom Train.
* **Rose Banbara**: Appears in episode 11. Powers include disguising herself as a giant rose, toxic pedals called the Pedal Pressure, teleportation, summoning roses on eyes called the Rose Blinders, vines from the left arm called the Vine Binder, an extendable thorny root for the right arm called the Thorn Thrust, high jumping, a human disguise, and paralyzing pollen called the Paralyzer Pollen. In a tragic twist, this monster turns out to be Goro's long-lost mother, Shinobu Watari.
* **Devil Banbara**: Appears in episode 12, and movie. Powers include a flamethrower from the snake-like left arm and a human disguise.
* **Oil Banbara**: Appears in episode 13, and movie. Powers include dissolving into oil and gas, telepathy, possession via a jar, emitting oil from his fingers, eye flames, and summoning a pocket dimension called the World of Fire.
* **Fog Banbara**: Appears in episode 14, and movie. Powers include emitting fog and summoning a UFO attack bomber armed with a flamethrower.
* **Shadow Banbara**: Appears in episode 15. Powers include telepathy, mental shackles called the Shadow Shackles, spawning a dark zone called the Shadow Shroud, possession, transforming into a shadow, damaging people by breaking and eating shadows, and summoning a pocket dimension called the Shadow World.
* **Thorn Banbara**: Appears in episode 16, and movie. Powers include detachable poisonous thorns that can be mentally guided, high jumping, and increasing the size of his thorns to those of missiles.
* **Photo Banbara**: Appears in episode 17. Powers include mentally freezing people with his left hand called the Time Shutter and disguising himself as people from his photographs.
* **Poison Banbara**: Appears in episode 18. Powers include reanimating venom on the right hand, claws blinding poisonous gas from the left arm, transforming himself and other psionics into giant explosive mushrooms, and a spear.
* **Mirror Banbara**: Appears in episode 19, and movie. Powers include a human disguise, boxing glove hands, a solar heat ray from the torso, floating triangular mirrors used to blind enemies called the Mirror Banbara Light Barrage, and using decoy mirror reflections for fast movement.
* **Star Banbara**: Appears in episode 20, and movie. Powers include teleportation, mentally controlling the Star Saucer armed with a cannon, telekinesis, and telepathic bombs.
* **Bamboo Banbara**: Appears in episode 21, and movie. Powers include shooting poisonous bamboo arrows and tentacles from the body cavities, duplicates, a human disguise, a poisonous spear, and summoning long roots for constriction and summoning a pocket dimension.
* **Clay Banbara**: Appears in episode 22, and movie. Powers include burrowing, summoning high wind called the Clay Blizzard, creating fissures called the Earth Cracker, body reformation, teleportation, clay statue probes, and absorbing clay particles from the mouth.
* **Paint Banbara**: Appears in episode 23, and movie. Powers include transforming into a blob of paint or gas, emitting paint-like and gas-like acid, summoning high wind, a pocket dimension filled with acidic paint called the Accursed World, paint tube-like homing missiles called the Tube Missiles, and an acidic paint storm called the Paint Blizzard.
* **Stone Banbara**: Appears in episode 24, and movie. Powers include breaking down into boulders and reforming, rock bombs, and teleporting.
## Robot Fighters
Serving as the enemies of Flash, Robot Fighters are robots created by the Despa Army and the leaders of Despa soldiers. These robots were designed to be stronger than the Demon Creatures of the Banba Empire and were under the direct control of Udespa's various incarnations. Due to budget cuts in production some Robot Fighters had a second appearance with minimal modification in the second half of the series.
* **Missile Despa**: Appears in movie. Powers include Rockets on his wrist and on his head.
* **Hammer Despa**: Appears in episodes 01 and 18. Powers include a claw hammer on a chain and reinforced torso armor. Upon being upgraded he acquired a claw hammer for his right arm.
* **Saw Despa**: Appears in episodes 1, 2, and 16. Powers include smoke bombs, circular saw grenades on the shoulders, and summoning a flying submarine with a lasso, a machine gun turret, and an electric spray. Upon being upgraded he acquired a circular saw for his left hand.
* **Burner Despa**: Appears in episode 03. Powers include a very hot flamethrower for the left arm that can also release smoke, summoning a flying drill tank called the Despar Tank armed with a pair of missile launchers and a web shooter, and armor thick enough to survive high drops.
* **Drill Despa**: Appears in episodes 04 and 15. Powers include a left shoulder drill called the Drill Driller, red lightning bolts and radioactive flashes from the eye on the torso called the Drill Heart Beam, and fast burrowing. Upon being upgraded with the power machine he acquired a weapon called the Despa Destruction Beam strong enough to obliterate a mountain fired from the abdomen.
* **Machine Gun Despa**: Appears in episode 05. Powers include a human disguise, a 3-barreled machine gun on each side of the waist, and guided missiles from a jeep.
* **Knife Despa**: Appears in episode 06. Powers include a large bowie knife for the right hand, a long carving knife, using both knives as scissors strong enough to cut steel, a pair of launchable knives in the left wrist, high jumping, and summoning a circular saw-like flying saucer.
* **Miss Wan**: Appears in episode 07. Powers include high jumping, martial arts skills, machine gun, and a knife.
* **Jet Despa**: Appears in episode 08 and 17. Powers include jet- a human disguise, freezing mist from the left arm nozzle, summoning a subsonic jet armed with an underside claw and a back cannon, and an arm time bomb. Upon being upgraded he acquired a normal left hand, a human disguise named Jet, and a machine gun.
* **Scissors Despa**: Appears in episode 09. Powers include bladed hands used as scissor sheers, high jumping, and detaching the scissors arms by using rockets called in an attack called the Scissor Cannon.
* **Magnet Despa**: Appears in episode 10. Powers include a head magnet on a chain that emits lethal amounts of magnetic waves called the Magnet Chain, summoning a subsonic jet armed with a pair of machine guns, and armor thick enough to survive high drops.
* **Silencer Despa**: Appears in episode 11. Powers include a right hand machine gun, teleportation, a human disguise, spawning a duplicate, mentally detonated mines, and summoning a flying saucer armed with a rapid-fire cannon.
* **Boiler Despa**: Appears in episode 12. Powers include explosive fire arrows from the left hand and using said hand as a club.
* **Onibaba**: Appears in episode 13. Powers include teleportation, summoning fog, and a mentally controlled ax. It is the disguise form of Ax Despa.
* **Ax Despa**: Appears in episode 14. Powers include an Onibaba disguise, a right hand mentally controlled ax that can cause explosions on contact called the Ax Bomber, teleportation, and spawning holograms of himself.
* **Mixer Despa**: Appears in episode 19. Powers include rolling into a ball, shoulder missiles, detachable hands that latch onto enemies, and a ray gun that emits hypnotic flashes.
* **Guillotine Despa**: Appears in episodes 19 & 20. Powers include converting into wind, a guillotine for the right hand, and a clamp for the left hand.
* **Spray Despa**: Appears in episode 21. Powers include a poison gas nozzle for the fight arm, a short sword, a net from the left shoulder cannon called the Despider, and teleportation.
* **Black Despa**: Appears in episode 22. Powers include a human disguise, a pistol, high jumping, and throwing knives.
### Udespas
* **Udesupa**: Appears in Inazuman episodes 24-25 and Inazuman F episodes 01-07. Powers include a motorcycle, a machine gun, a missile launcher, high jumping, a claw that attaches to right hand, a whip that attaches to left hand, and grenades,
* **Udesupa Alpha**: Appears in episodes 08-14. Powers include a human disguise, the Despa Straining Hurricane, a detachable left arm claw, high jumping, and combining.
* **Udespa Beta**: Appears in episodes 08-14. Powers include a human disguise, the Despa Straining Hurricane, a detachable right arm whip, high jumping, and combining.
* **Combined Udespa**: Appears in episodes 10, 11, 13 and 14. Powers include a trident right hand, a tentacle left hand with a hidden arresting wire, and thick armor.
* **Sadesupa**: Appears in episodes 12-23. Powers include explosive hypnotic waves from his cross-like eye, a human disguise, nine iron maiden-like spikes in the torso, and high jumping.
## Cast
* Goro Watari (渡 五郎, *Watari Gorō*): Daisuke Ban (伴 大介, *Ban Daisuke*)
* Gōsaku Marume (丸目 豪作, *Marume Gōsaku*): Kōichi Kitamura (北村晃一, *Kitamura Kōichi*)
* Satoko Ōgi (大木 サトコ, *Ōgi Satoko*): Mari Sakurai (桜井 マリ, *Sakurai Mari*)
* Katsumi Ōgi (大木 カツミ, *Ōgi Katsumi*): Yoshikazu Yamada (山田 芳一, *Yamada Yoshikazu*)
* Kaoru Tomikawa (富川 カオル, *Tomikawa Kaoru*): Fusayo Fukawa (府川 房代, *Fukawa Fusayo*)
* Captain Salar (キャプテンサラー, *Kyaputen Sarā*): Hideo Murota (室田 日出男, *Murota Hideo*)
* Emperor Banba (帝王バンバ, *Teiō Banba*, Voice): Shōzō Iizuka (飯塚 昭三, *Iizuka Shōzō*)
+ Suit Actor: Rikiya Ikeda (池田 力也, *Ikeda Rikiya*)
* Shinobu Watari (渡 シノブ, *Watari Shinobu*): Yūko Hamada (浜田 ゆう子, *Hamada Yūko*)
* Udesper (ウデスパー, *Udesupā*, Voice): Masaki Iwana (岩名 雅記, *Iwana Masaki*)
* Führer Geisel (ガイゼル総統, *Gaizeru Sōtō*): Mitsuo Andō (安藤 三男, *Andō Mitsuo*)
* Narrator (ナレーター, *Narētā*): Ichirō Murakoshi (村越伊知郎, *Murakoshi Ichirō*)
## Other Appearances
## Home Video
Released on DVD in Hawaii by JN Productions/Generation Kikaida in 2010
## InfoBox
| *Inazuman* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | *Inazuman Flash* (season 2) |
| Genre | Tokusatsu<br>Superhero fiction<br>Science fiction<br>Action/Adventure<br>Fantasy |
| Created by | Shotaro Ishinomori |
| Developed by | Masaru Igami (*Inazuman*)<br>Shozo Uehara (*Inazuman Flash*) |
| Directed by | Katsuhiko Taguchi |
| Starring | Daisuke Ban |
| Narrated by | Ichirō Murakoshi |
| Music by | Michiaki Watanabe |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 48 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Production companies | Toei Company<br>Ishimori Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | NET |
| Release | October 2, 1973 (1973-10-02) <br>September 24, 1974 (1974-09-24) |
| Related | |
| | |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Shotaro Ishinomori |
| Published by | Shogakukan |
| Magazine | *Weekly Shōnen Sunday* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Original run | 19731974 |
| Volumes | 3 |
| | |
|
53,769,215
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Giro_d%27Italia_Femminile
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2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile
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The 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile, or 2017 Giro Rosa, was the 28th running of the Giro d'Italia Femminile, the only remaining women's Grand Tour. It was held between 30 June and 9 July 2017 as the most prestigious stage race of both the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour and the women's calendar. The race was won for the second time in three years by Olympic and European champion Anna van der Breggen (Boels–Dolmans) from the Netherlands, who took the leader's pink jersey after the second stage and maintained the lead for the remainder of the race, taking the overall lead of the UCI Women's World Tour standings in the process. Van der Breggen triumphed in the race overall by 63 seconds from the highest-placed Italian rider Elisa Longo Borghini, of the Wiggle High5 team. The podium was completed by Orica–Scott's Annemiek van Vleuten, who was a further 36 seconds behind Longo Borghini; van Vleuten, also from the Netherlands, had the best all-around performance among the overall contenders, winning two stages and two jerseys – the points classification and also the mountains classification. Danish rider Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig extended her lead in the youth classification of the overall Women's World Tour standings by winning the race's young rider classification, while van der Breggen's Boels–Dolmans team were the winners of the team classification, after also placing defending race winner Megan Guarnier and Karol-Ann Canuel – the only other rider to wear the pink jersey, having done so after the opening stage team time trial – inside the top ten overall.
| 2024-07-12T05:51:45
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# 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile
The **2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile**, or **2017 Giro Rosa**, was the 28th running of the Giro d'Italia Femminile, the only remaining women's Grand Tour. It was held between 30 June and 9 July 2017 as the most prestigious stage race of both the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour and the women's calendar.
The race was won for the second time in three years by Olympic and European champion Anna van der Breggen (Boels–Dolmans) from the Netherlands, who took the leader's pink jersey after the second stage and maintained the lead for the remainder of the race, taking the overall lead of the UCI Women's World Tour standings in the process. Van der Breggen triumphed in the race overall by 63 seconds from the highest-placed Italian rider Elisa Longo Borghini, of the Wiggle High5 team.
The podium was completed by Orica–Scott's Annemiek van Vleuten, who was a further 36 seconds behind Longo Borghini; van Vleuten, also from the Netherlands, had the best all-around performance among the overall contenders, winning two stages and two jerseys – the points classification and also the mountains classification. Danish rider Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig (Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling) extended her lead in the youth classification of the overall Women's World Tour standings by winning the race's young rider classification, while van der Breggen's Boels–Dolmans team were the winners of the team classification, after also placing defending race winner Megan Guarnier and Karol-Ann Canuel – the only other rider to wear the pink jersey, having done so after the opening stage team time trial – inside the top ten overall.
## Teams
24 teams participated in the 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile. The top 15 UCI Women's World Tour teams were automatically invited, and obliged to attend the race.
**Competing teams**
## Route
The individual stage profiles of the 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile; top row (stages 1 to 5) and bottom row (stages 6 to 10).
The route for the 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile was announced on 12 April 2017.
Stage schedule
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 30 June | Aquileia to Grado | 11.5 km (7.1 mi) | | Team time trial | Boels–Dolmans |
| 2 | 1 July | Zoppola to Montereale Valcellina | 122.25 km (76.0 mi) | | Hilly stage | Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) |
| 3 | 2 July | San Fior to San Vendemiano | 102.5 km (63.7 mi) | | Flat stage | Hannah Barnes (GBR) |
| 4 | 3 July | Occhiobello to Occhiobello | 118 km (73.3 mi) | | Flat stage | Jolien D'Hoore (BEL) |
| 5 | 4 July | Sant'Elpidio a Mare to Sant'Elpidio a Mare | 12.73 km (7.9 mi) | | Individual time trial | Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) |
| 6 | 5 July | Roseto degli Abruzzi to Roseto degli Abruzzi | 116.16 km (72.2 mi) | | Flat stage | Lotta Lepistö (FIN) |
| 7 | 6 July | Isernia to Baronissi | 145.48 km (90.4 mi) | | Flat stage | Sheyla Gutiérrez (ESP) |
| 8 | 7 July | Baronissi to Palinuro | 139.2 km (86.5 mi) | | Mountain stage | Lucinda Brand (NED) |
| 9 | 8 July | Palinuro to Polla | 116.8 km (72.6 mi) | | Flat stage | Marta Bastianelli (ITA) |
| 10 | 9 July | Torre del Greco to Torre del Greco | 124 km (77.1 mi) | | Hilly stage | Megan Guarnier (USA) |
## Stages
### Stage 1
30 June 2017 Aquileia to Grado, 11.5 km (7.1 mi), team time trial (TTT)
| Result of Stage 1 Rank Team Time 1 Boels–Dolmans 14' 47" 2 Team Sunweb \+ 19" 3 Orica–Scott \+ 22" 4 Wiggle High5 \+ 24" 5 Canyon–SRAM \+ 36" 6 WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 37" 7 Astana \+ 51" 8 Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling \+ 52" 9 Lensworld–Kuota \+ 1' 04" 10 FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 1' 06" | General classification after Stage 1 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans 14' 47" 2 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 3 Amalie Dideriksen (DEN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 4 Chantal Blaak (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 5 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 6 Lizzie Deignan (GBR) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 7 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 19" 8 Coryn Rivera (USA) Team Sunweb \+ 19" 9 Floortje Mackaij (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 19" 10 Sabrina Stultiens (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 19" |
| --- | --- |
### Stage 2
1 July 2017 Zoppola to Montereale Valcellina, 122.25 km (76.0 mi)
| Result of Stage 2 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott 3h 11' 51" 2 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 3 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 4 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 1' 54" 5 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 54" 6 Shara Gillow (AUS) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 1' 54" 7 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 54" 8 Yevheniya Vysotska (UKR) Conceria Zabri–Fanini–Guerciotti \+ 1' 59" 9 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 2' 37" 10 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 2' 37" | | General classification after Stage 2 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 3h 26' 32" 2 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 18" 3 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 26" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 00" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 2' 22" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 2' 37" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 43" 8 Lizzie Deignan (GBR) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 50" 9 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" 10 Floortje Mackaij (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 3
2 July 2017 San Fior to San Vendemiano, 102.5 km (63.7 mi)
| Result of Stage 3 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Hannah Barnes (GBR) Canyon–SRAM 2h 27' 49" 2 Lotta Lepistö (FIN) Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling \+ 0" 3 Kirsten Wild (NED) Cylance Pro Cycling \+ 0" 4 Roxane Fournier (FRA) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 0" 5 Amalie Dideriksen (DEN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 6 Chloe Hosking (AUS) Alé–Cipollini \+ 0" 7 Emilie Moberg (NOR) Team Hitec Products \+ 0" 8 Giorgia Bronzini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 9 Maria Giulia Confalonieri (ITA) Lensworld–Kuota \+ 0" 10 Ilaria Sanguineti (ITA) Bepink–Cogeas \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 3 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 5h 54' 21" 2 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 18" 3 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 26" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 00" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 2' 22" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 2' 37" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 43" 8 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" 9 Floortje Mackaij (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" 10 Sabrina Stultiens (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 4
3 July 2017 Occhiobello to Occhiobello, 118 km (73.3 mi)
| Result of Stage 4 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Jolien D'Hoore (BEL) Wiggle High5 2h 42' 04" 2 Chloe Hosking (AUS) Alé–Cipollini \+ 0" 3 Coryn Rivera (USA) Team Sunweb \+ 0" 4 Hannah Barnes (GBR) Canyon–SRAM \+ 0" 5 Giorgia Bronzini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 6 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 0" 7 Annalisa Cucinotta (ITA) Lensworld–Kuota \+ 0" 8 Claudia Cretti (ITA) Valcar–PBM \+ 0" 9 Amalie Dideriksen (DEN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 10 Ilaria Sanguineti (ITA) Bepink–Cogeas \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 4 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 8h 36' 25" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 26" 3 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 56" 4 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 2' 17" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 2' 22" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 2' 37" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 43" 8 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 2' 59" 9 Floortje Mackaij (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" 10 Sabrina Stultiens (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 02" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 5
4 July 2017 Sant'Elpidio a Mare to Sant'Elpidio a Mare, 12.73 km (7.9 mi), individual time trial (ITT)
| Result of Stage 5 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott 25' 29" 2 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 41" 3 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 15" 4 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 48" 5 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 53" 6 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 2' 01" 7 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 2' 03" 8 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 2' 10" 9 Hannah Barnes (GBR) Canyon–SRAM \+ 2' 13" 10 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 17" | | General classification after Stage 5 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 9h 02' 35" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 00" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 36" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 3' 08" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 29" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 3' 59" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 4' 19" 8 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 4' 36" 9 Shara Gillow (AUS) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 4' 50" 10 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 4' 54" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 6
5 July 2017 Roseto degli Abruzzi to Roseto degli Abruzzi, 116.16 km (72.2 mi)
| Result of Stage 6 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Lotta Lepistö (FIN) Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling 2h 50' 36" 2 Coryn Rivera (USA) Team Sunweb \+ 0" 3 Giorgia Bronzini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 4 Roxane Fournier (FRA) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 0" 5 Elena Cecchini (ITA) Canyon–SRAM \+ 0" 6 Maria Giulia Confalonieri (ITA) Lensworld–Kuota \+ 0" 7 Emilie Moberg (NOR) Team Hitec Products \+ 0" 8 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 9 Chloe Hosking (AUS) Alé–Cipollini \+ 0" 10 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 3" | | General classification after Stage 6 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 11h 53' 11" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 03" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 39" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 3' 11" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 32" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 4' 02" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 4' 22" 8 Shara Gillow (AUS) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 4' 53" 9 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 4' 57" 10 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 5' 02" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 7
6 July 2017 Isernia to Baronissi, 145.48 km (90.4 mi)
| Result of Stage 7 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Sheyla Gutiérrez (ESP) Cylance Pro Cycling 3h 43' 16" 2 Soraya Paladin (ITA) Alé–Cipollini \+ 0" 3 Eugenia Bujak (POL) BTC City Ljubljana \+ 0" 4 Alexis Ryan (USA) Canyon–SRAM \+ 0" 5 Lauren Kitchen (AUS) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 0" 6 Sabrina Stultiens (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 0" 7 Alison Jackson (CAN) Bepink–Cogeas \+ 0" 8 Tatiana Guderzo (ITA) Lensworld–Kuota \+ 0" 9 Carmela Cipriani (ITA) Conceria Zabri–Fanini–Guerciotti \+ 0" 10 Clara Koppenburg (GER) Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 7 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 15h 37' 14" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 03" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 39" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 3' 11" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 32" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 4' 02" 7 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 4' 22" 8 Shara Gillow (AUS) FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope \+ 4' 53" 9 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 4' 57" 10 Sabrina Stultiens (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 5' 02" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 8
7 July 2017 — Baronissi to Palinuro, 141.8 km (88.1 mi)
| Result of Stage 8 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb 3h 46' 10" 2 Tetyana Ryabchenko (UKR) Lensworld–Kuota \+ 12" 3 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 33" 4 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 33" 5 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 33" 6 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 33" 7 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 1' 33" 8 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 33" 9 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 1' 33" 10 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 36" | | General classification after Stage 8 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 19h 24' 57" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 03" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 39" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 3' 07" 5 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 26" 6 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 32" 7 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 4' 02" 8 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 4' 22" 9 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 5' 05" 10 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 5' 15" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 9
8 July 2017 — Palinuro to Polla, 116.8 km (72.6 mi)
| Result of Stage 9 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Marta Bastianelli (ITA) Alé–Cipollini 3h 05' 09" 2 Lotta Lepistö (FIN) Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling \+ 0" 3 Giorgia Bronzini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 4 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 0" 5 Coryn Rivera (USA) Team Sunweb \+ 0" 6 Alexis Ryan (USA) Canyon–SRAM \+ 0" 7 Ilaria Sanguineti (ITA) Bepink–Cogeas \+ 0" 8 Amalie Dideriksen (DEN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 9 Emilie Moberg (NOR) Team Hitec Products \+ 0" 10 Natalya Saifutdinova (KAZ) Astana \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 9 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 22h 30' 06" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 03" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 39" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 3' 07" 5 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 3' 26" 6 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 32" 7 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 4' 02" 8 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 4' 22" 9 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 5' 05" 10 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 5' 15" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Stage 10
9 July 2017 Torre del Greco to Torre del Greco, 124 km (77.1 mi)
| Result of Stage 10 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans 3h 09' 37" 2 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 0" 3 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 0" 4 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 0" 5 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans \+ 0" 6 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 0" 7 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 46" 8 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 1' 04" 9 Janneke Ensing (NED) Alé–Cipollini \+ 1' 04" 10 Romy Kasper (GER) Alé–Cipollini \+ 1' 04" | | Final general classification Rank Rider Team Time 1 Anna van der Breggen (NED) Boels–Dolmans 25h 39' 43" 2 Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) Wiggle High5 \+ 1' 03" 3 Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) Orica–Scott \+ 1' 39" 4 Megan Guarnier (USA) Boels–Dolmans \+ 2' 57" 5 Amanda Spratt (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 3' 26" 6 Katarzyna Niewiadoma (POL) WM3 Pro Cycling \+ 3' 58" 7 Lucinda Brand (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 4' 12" 8 Karol-Ann Canuel (CAN) Boels–Dolmans \+ 5' 26" 9 Claudia Lichtenberg (GER) Wiggle High5 \+ 6' 09" 10 Arlenis Sierra (CUB) Astana \+ 6' 19" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Classification leadership table
In the 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile, five different jerseys were awarded. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. Time bonuses were awarded to the first three finishers on all stages with the exception of the time trials: the stage winner won a ten-second bonus, with six and four seconds for the second and third riders respectively. Bonus seconds were also awarded to the first three riders at intermediate sprints; three seconds for the winner of the sprint, two seconds for the rider in second and one second for the rider in third. The rider with the least accumulated time is the race leader, identified by a pink jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the 2017 Giro d'Italia Femminile, and the winner of the classification was considered the winner of the race.
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a cyclamen jersey. In the points classification, cyclists received points for finishing in the top 10 in a stage, and unlike in the points classification in the Tour de France, the winners of all stages – with the exception of the team time trial, which awarded no points towards the classification – were awarded the same number of points. For winning a stage, a rider earned 15 points, with 12 for second, 10 for third, 8 for fourth, 6 for fifth with a point fewer per place down to a single point for 10th place.
Points for the mountains classification
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Points for Category 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Points for Category 3 | 5 | | | | 4 |
There was also a mountains classification, the leadership of which was marked by a green jersey. In the mountains classification, points towards the classification were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists. Each climb was categorised as either second, or third-category, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs; however on both categories, the top five riders were awarded points. The fourth jersey represented the young rider classification, marked by a white jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders born on or after 1 January 1995 were eligible to be ranked in the classification.
The fifth and final jersey represented the classification for Italian riders, marked by a blue jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders born in Italy were eligible to be ranked in the classification. There was also a team classification, in which the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added together; the leading team at the end of the race was the team with the lowest total time. The daily team leaders wore red dossards in the following stage.
| Stage | Winner | General classification<br> | Points classification<br> | Mountains classification<br> | Young rider classification<br> | Italian rider classification<br> | Teams classification<br> |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Boels–Dolmans | Karol-Ann Canuel | *Not awarded* | *Not awarded* | Amalie Dideriksen | Elisa Longo Borghini | Boels–Dolmans |
| 2 | Annemiek van Vleuten | Anna van der Breggen | Annemiek van Vleuten | Annemiek van Vleuten | Floortje Mackaij | | |
| 3 | Hannah Barnes | | | | | | |
| 4 | Jolien D'Hoore | | Hannah Barnes | | | | |
| 5 | Annemiek van Vleuten | | Annemiek van Vleuten | | | | |
| 6 | Lotta Lepistö | || | | |
| 7 | Sheyla Gutiérrez | || | | |
| 8 | Lucinda Brand | | Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig | || |
| 9 | Marta Bastianelli | || | |
| 10 | Megan Guarnier | || | |
| Final | | Anna van der Breggen | Annemiek van Vleuten | Annemiek van Vleuten | Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig | Elisa Longo Borghini | Boels–Dolmans |
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24. Braverman, Jessi (6 July 2017). "Giro Rosa: Gutierrez wins stage 7 in Baronissi". *Cyclingnews.com*. Immediate Media Company. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
25. Braverman, Jessi (7 July 2017). "Giro Rosa: Brand solos to stage win in Palinuro". *Cyclingnews.com*. Immediate Media Company. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
26. Braverman, Jessi (8 July 2017). "Giro Rosa: Bastianelli wins stage 9". *Cyclingnews.com*. Immediate Media Company. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
27. "10^ tappa" \[10th stage\] (PDF). *Giro d'Italia Femminile* (in Italian). WordPress. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
28. "Rules Giro Rosa 2017" (PDF). *Giro d'Italia Femminile*. WordPress. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
29. "Double Dutch triumph in Montereale Valcellina". *Giro d'Italia Femminile*. WordPress. 1 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
30. "Hannah Barnes, the English flash of San Vendemiano". *Giro d'Italia Femminile*. WordPress. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
31. "Maglie-Jerseys 4". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
32. "Maglie-Jerseys 5". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
33. "Maglie-Jerseys 6". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
34. "Maglie-Jerseys 7". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
35. "Epic win for Lucinda Brand in Palinuro". *Giro d'Italia Femminile*. WordPress. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
36. "Marta Bastianelli takes the first Italian win at Giro Rosa in Polla". *Giro d'Italia Femminile*. WordPress. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
37. "Classifica a Punti Generale - General Points Classification 10". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
38. "Passaggi e Classifica Generale GPM - Kom Classification 10". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
39. "Classifica Generale - General Classification: Giovani - Youth Classification 10". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
40. "Classifica Generale - General Classification: Italiane - Italian Riders Classification 10". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
41. "Classifica a Squadre Generale-General Team Classification 10". *FICR.it*. Federazione Italiana Cronometristi. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
## InfoBox
2017 Giro d'Italia Internazionale Femminile
| 2017 UCI Women's World Tour, race 12 of 20 | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 30 June – 9 July 2017 |
| Stages | 10 |
| Distance | 1,008.62 km (626.7 mi) |
| Winning time | 25h 39' 43" |
| Results | |
| Winner Anna van der Breggen (NED) (Boels–Dolmans) Second Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) (Wiggle High5) Third Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) (Orica–Scott) --- Points Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) (Orica–Scott) Mountains Annemiek van Vleuten (NED) (Orica–Scott) Youth Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig (DEN) (Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling) Team Boels–Dolmans | |
|
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45,303,293
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guillaume_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_Laurent
|
François Guillaume Barthélémy Laurent
|
François Barthélemy Guillaume Laurent, 24 August 1750 in Saint-Amand-en-Puisaye (Nièvre) – 14 September 1825 in Paris, was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
| 2023-03-15T06:11:35
|
# François Guillaume Barthélémy Laurent
**François Barthélemy Guillaume Laurent**, 24 August 1750 in Saint-Amand-en-Puisaye (Nièvre) – 14 September 1825 in Paris, was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
## Biography
He was the son of François Laurent, a clothier, and Françoise Bergery. He married Marie-Anne Mallet and his son, Louis François Alcindor Laurent (1802–1850) also embraced a military career. He joined the Régiment Royal on 10 May 1767. Part of the regiment participated in the Siege of Yorktown, 1781, although it is not clear if Laurent was with the battalions that served there; another battalion served in Martinique under command of François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé.
Laurent was a simple soldier at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. Based on meritorious actions, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1794 and served in several different armies in France's campaigns against the First and Second coalitions. He was at the Battle of Valmy. He also participated in the first and the second battles at Lines of Weissenburg in 1793, as well as battles at Battle of Saverne and Landau with the Army of the Moselle; he was wounded twice in the leg, once traveling between Sluis where he was headquartered, and Brussels. He was responsible for defending the coast of Zeeland. He served continuously until the Treaty of Campo Formio, despite his leg injury, often on the front line. He was made a Commander of the Legion of Honor on the recommendation of Jean François Aimé Dejean June 1804. Subsequently he was employed in the department of Jemmapes.
### Russian campaign of 1812
In preparation for the Russian campaign of 1812, Laurent was restored to active service; he commanded the third brigade of the National guard with the troops of Magdeburg.
He was appointed major general on 13 July 1813, and commanded the military base at Montmedy. Upon the Bourbon Restoration, he received the Order of St. Louis (Chevalier), and retired from the military in 1816.
## Notes, citations and sources
### Notes
### Citations
1. (in French) Benjamin Charles Lucien Amiot, *Historique du 24e régiment d'infanterie.* L. Baudoin, 1893, p. 38.
2. Tony Broughton, *Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789 – 1814.* Laurent. Napoleonseries.org Accessed 7 April 2015.
3. (in French) Charles-Théodore Beauvais, Jacques Philippe Voïart, *Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des Français, de 1792 à 1815: Biographie militaire française: Tables du temple de la gloire, H-Z. Table géographique. Appendices aux Tables du temple de la gloire.* C. L. F. Panckoucke, 1822, p. 50..
### Sources
* Liévyns, A., and Jean-Maurice Verdot et Pierre Bégat, *Fastes de la légion-d'honneur : biographie de tous les décorés accompagnée de l'histoire législative et réglementaire de l'ordre.* t. 3, Paris, au bureau de l'Administration, 1844–1847, p. 322–323.
* Broughton, Tony. *Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789 – 1814.* Laurent. Napoleonseries.org Accessed 7 April 2015.
* (in French) Beauvais, Charles-Théodore and Jacques Philippe Voïart. *Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des Français, de 1792 à 1815: Biographie militaire française: Tables du temple de la gloire, H-Z. Table géographique. Appendices aux Tables du temple de la gloire.* C. L. F. Panckoucke, 1822,.
## InfoBox
| François Barthélemy Guillaume Laurent | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1750-08-24)24 August 1750<br>Saint-Amand-en-Puisaye (Nièvre) |
| Died | 14 September 1825(1825-09-14) (aged 75)<br>Paris, France |
| Allegiance | France |
| Service/branch | French Army |
| Years of service | 1767–1816 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles/wars | French Revolutionary Wars<br>Napoleonic Wars |
| Awards | Order of Saint-Louis (1816)<br>Légion d'honneur (1804) |
|
27,368,003
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Hershatter
|
Gail Hershatter
|
Gail Hershatter is an American historian of Modern China who holds the Distinguished Professor of History chair at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She previously taught in the history department at Williams College. She graduated from Hampshire College with a B.A., from Stanford University with a M.A., and from Stanford University with a Ph.D. She was elected vice-president of the Association for Asian Studies in 2010 and subsequently elected president the following year.
She was an assistant director for the documentary The Gate of Heavenly Peace. Her research interests include modern Chinese women's history and labor studies. Her 2011 monograph, The Gender of Memory, uses the lens of rural women in Shaanxi Province, China, to examine revolutionary China in the 1950s and 1960s.
| 2023-09-06T22:47:51
|
# Gail Hershatter
**Gail Hershatter** is an American historian of Modern China who holds the Distinguished Professor of History chair at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She previously taught in the history department at Williams College.
She graduated from Hampshire College with a B.A., from Stanford University with a M.A., and from Stanford University with a Ph.D. She was elected vice-president of the Association for Asian Studies in 2010 and subsequently elected president the following year. She was an assistant director for the documentary *The Gate of Heavenly Peace*.
Her research interests include modern Chinese women's history and labor studies. Her 2011 monograph, *The Gender of Memory*, uses the lens of rural women in Shaanxi Province, China, to examine revolutionary China in the 1950s and 1960s.
## Awards
## Works
* *Women and China's Revolutions*, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019, ISBN 978-1-4422-1570-2
* *The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China's Collective Past*, University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-520-26770-1
* *The Workers of Tianjin, 1900–1949*, Stanford University Press, 1986, ISBN 978-0-8047-2216-2
* *Dangerous Pleasures: Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth-Century Shanghai*, University of California Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-520-20438-6
* *Women in China's long twentieth century*, University of California Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-520-09856-5
* *Personal voices: Chinese women in the 1980's*, Authors Emily Honig, Gail Hershatter, Stanford University Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-8047-1431-0
* *Remapping China: fissures in historical terrain*, Editor Gail Hershatter, Stanford University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8047-2509-5
* *Guide to Women's Studies in China*, editor Gail Hershatter, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Center for Chinese Studies, 1998, ISBN 978-1-55729-063-2
* *Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State*, Editor Christina K. Gilmartin, Harvard University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-674-25332-2.
|
15,993,147
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawress_Wapentake
|
Lawress Wapentake
|
According to Whites 1856 Lincolnshire, Lawress Wapentake was one of the south-western divisions of the parts of Lindsey, in the Deanery and Archdeaconry of Stow, and consisting of the East Division and the West Division. At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, the wapentake of Lawress included Lincoln and some surrounding areas that were separated in the "fifth year of the reign of Edward IV" (1465/66) to become the Lincoln Liberty. The adjoining wapentake of Langoe also separated parishes; the village of Branston, located four Miles south of Lincoln, was formerly the seat of the Liberty of Lincoln. Approximately 6 miles by 14 miles in size, and bounded on the south by Lincoln, Langoe and Boothby Graffoe Wapentakes, on the west by Well Wapentake and parts of Nottinghamshire, on the north by Walshcroft and Aslacoe, and on the east by Wraggoe Wapentake. Crossed by the Lincolnshire Wolds, and Ermine Street, and having the Fossdyke and River Witham on its south and east borders, it consisted of 25 Parishes:
- Aisthorpe (W)
- Barlings with Langworth
- Brattleby (W)
- Broxholme (W)
- Burton (W)
- Buslingthorpe
- North Carlton (W)
- South Carlton (W)
- Dunholme
- Faldingworth
- Fiskerton
- Friesthorpe
- Greetwell
- Nettleham
- Reepham
- Riseholme
- Saxilby with Ingleby (W)
- Scampton (W)
- Scothern
- Snarford
- Sudbrook
- Thorpe (West) (W)
- Torksey with Hardwick
- Brampton (W)
- Welton
- Cherry Willingham Whites also notes that Chief Constables are Mr William Slieghtholme of Scampton and Mr Samuel Pilley of Sudbrooke
| 2021-07-08T06:43:51
|
# Lawress Wapentake
According to Whites 1856 Lincolnshire, **Lawress Wapentake** was one of the south-western divisions of the parts of Lindsey, in the *Deanery* and *Archdeaconry* of Stow, and consisting of the East Division and the West Division.
At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, the wapentake of Lawress included Lincoln and some surrounding areas that were separated in the "fifth year of the reign of Edward IV" (1465/66) to become the Lincoln Liberty. The adjoining wapentake of Langoe also separated parishes; the village of Branston, located four Miles south of Lincoln, was formerly the seat of the Liberty of Lincoln.
Approximately 6 miles by 14 miles in size, and bounded on the south by Lincoln, Langoe and Boothby Graffoe Wapentakes (although the correct spelling in 1856 was *Graffo*), on the west by Well Wapentake and parts of Nottinghamshire, on the north by Walshcroft and Aslacoe, and on the east by Wraggoe Wapentake.
Crossed by the Lincolnshire Wolds, and Ermine Street, and having the Fossdyke and River Witham on its south and east borders, it consisted of 25 Parishes (W in brackets indicates West Division):
Whites also notes that Chief Constables are Mr William Slieghtholme of Scampton (for the West Division) and Mr Samuel Pilley of Sudbrooke (for the East Division)
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30,695,357
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Lagemann
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Alex Lagemann
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Alexander Robert Lagemann is an American singer-songwriter, TV personality, and former collegiate athlete. During his time playing football at UC Berkeley, he began making hip-hop music, which eventually led him to start the band, Radical Something, in 2011. On May 2, 2016 it was revealed that Lagemann would be starring in Mark Burnett's new unscripted dating show, "Coupled", on FOX.
| 2023-08-25T07:51:51
|
# Alex Lagemann
**Alexander Robert Lagemann** (born July 28, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter, TV personality, and former collegiate athlete. During his time playing football at UC Berkeley, he began making hip-hop music, which eventually led him to start the band, Radical Something, in 2011. On May 2, 2016 it was revealed that Lagemann would be starring in Mark Burnett's new unscripted dating show, "Coupled", on FOX.
## Early life
Alexander Robert Lagemann was born on July 28, 1989, in Capitola, California, to Roy and Luci Lagemann. The family eventually relocated to Saratoga, California. Lagemann has an older brother, Augie, and two younger twin brothers, Gian and Peter.
As a high-schooler, Lagemann excelled in sports and academics, earning a full-scholarship to play wide receiver at the University of California, Berkeley.
### 2003–2007: High School
Lagemann attended Saratoga High School, where he participated in football, basketball, baseball, and track and field. As 3-year starter on the football team, Lagemann was named to multiple All-State, All-County, and All-League teams.
### 2007–11: College Football career
In 2007, Lagemann attended UC Berkeley and was a member of the football team as a wide receiver. In 2009, Lagemann earned First-team Pac-10 All-Academic honors.
### 2011–present: Radical Something
After releasing multiple solo albums under the name 'Loggy', Lagemann formed the band Radical Something in 2011 with his football teammate, Michael Costanzo (DJ Big Red), and singer, Josh Hallbauer (Josh Cocktail). Lagemann and Costanzo were roommates in college and collaborated on Lagemann's solo work. Radical Something has now released 5 albums and completed multiple national tours.
### 2016: *Coupled*
In 2016 Lagemann appeared on *Coupled*.
## InfoBox
| Alex Lagemann | |
| --- | --- |
| Lagemann in 2015. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Alexander Robert Lagemann |
| Also known as | Loggy |
| Born | (1989-07-28) July 28, 1989<br>Capitola, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Alt-pop |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, Athlete, TV Personality |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, Rhythm guitar |
|
7,436,755
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa-shimmachi_Station
|
Kanagawa-shimmachi Station
|
Kanagawa-shimmachi Station is a passenger railway station located in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Keikyū.
| 2023-11-25T15:54:58
|
# Kanagawa-shimmachi Station
**Kanagawa-shimmachi Station** (神奈川新町駅, *Kanagawa-shinmachi-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Keikyū.
## Lines
Kanagawa-shimmachi Station is served by the Keikyū Main Line and is located 20.0 kilometers (12.4 mi) from the terminus of the line at Shinagawa Station in Tokyo.
## Station layout
The station consists of two elevated island platforms serving four tracks, with the station building underneath.
### Platforms
| **1-2** | KK Keikyū Main Line | for Yokohama, Zushi·Hayama, Uraga, and Misakiguchi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **3-4** | KK Keikyū Main Line | for Keikyū Kamata, Haneda Airport (Terminal 3 and Terminal 1·2), Shinagawa, and Sengakuji<br>A Toei Asakusa Line for Nihombashi and Oshiage<br>KS Keisei Oshiage Line for Aoto |
## History
Kanagawa-shimmachi Station opened on August 21, 1915 as **Shinmachi Station** (新町駅, *Shinmachi-eki*). It assumed its present name in April, 1927. In March 1978, the platforms were lengthened to handle 12-car long trains.
On September 5, 2019 at approximately 11:40, a Keikyu express train in the direction of Yokohama crashed into a truck on the railway crossing just beyond the platform of the Kanagawa-shimmachi station. The express train derailed, leaving 1 person (the truck driver) dead and 30 people injured.
Keikyū introduced station numbering to its stations on 21 October 2010; Kanagawa-shimmachi was assigned station number KK34.
## Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 19,584 passengers daily.
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | daily average | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | 16,760 | |
| 2010 | 16,736 | |
| 2015 | 18,310 | |
|
## Surrounding area
* Shinmachi Keikyu training center
* Kanagawa Shirahata Post Office
* Miura, Kazuo (1998). *Keikyu Kakuekiteisha to Kamakura Monogatari*. Inba Publishing. ISBN 978-4808306243.(in Japanese)
Media related to Kanagawa-shimmachi Station at Wikimedia Commons
## InfoBox
| KK34<br>Kanagawa-shimmachi Station<br>神奈川新町駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| The station building in August 2023 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 19-1 Kamezumi-chō, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 221-0041<br>Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°28′53″N 139°38′24″E / 35.4814°N 139.6400°E / 35.4814; 139.6400 |
| Operated by | Keikyū |
| Line(s) | KK Keikyū Main Line |
| Distance | 20.0 km from Shinagawa |
| Platforms | 2 island platforms |
| Connections | * Bus stop |
| Other information | |
| Station code | KK34 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | August 21, 1915 |
| Previous names | Shinmachi (until 1927) |
| Passengers | |
| | |
| 2019 | 19,584 daily |
| | |
| | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Following station YokohamaKK37towards Uraga Main Line**Limited Express (Tokkyū)** Keikyū KawasakiKK20towards Sengakuji Keikyū Higashi-kanagawaKK35towards Kanazawa-hakkei Main Line**Express** Keikyū TsurumiKK29towards Keikyū Kamata Keikyū Higashi-kanagawaKK35towards Uraga Main Line**Local** KoyasuKK33towards Shinagawa | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Location Kanagawa-shimmachi StationLocation within Kanagawa PrefectureKanagawa-shimmachi StationKanagawa-shimmachi Station (Japan) | |
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53,969,948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Giro_d%27Italia,_Stage_1_to_Stage_11
|
2017 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 11
|
The 2017 Giro d'Italia began on 5 May, and stage 11 occurred on 17 May. The race began in Alghero on the island of Sardinia.
| 2024-01-25T22:06:56
|
# 2017 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 11
The 2017 Giro d'Italia began on 5 May, and stage 11 occurred on 17 May. The race began in Alghero on the island of Sardinia.
| Legend | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Denotes the leader of the General classification | | Denotes the leader of the Mountains classification |
| | Denotes the leader of the Points classification | | Denotes the leader of the Young rider classification |
## Stage 1
5 May 2017 — Alghero to Olbia, 206 km (128.0 mi)
| Stage 1 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT) Bora–Hansgrohe 5h 13' 35" 2 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 0" 3 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 0" 4 Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 5 Sacha Modolo (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 6 Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 7 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 8 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 9 Sam Bennett (IRL) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 10 Phil Bauhaus (GER) Team Sunweb \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 1 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT) Bora–Hansgrohe 5h 13' 25" 2 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 4" 3 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 6" 4 Pavel Brutt (RUS) Gazprom–RusVelo \+ 8" 5 Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 6 Sacha Modolo (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 10" 7 Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) Team Dimension Data \+ 10" 8 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 10" 10 Sam Bennett (IRL) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 2
6 May 2017 — Olbia to Tortolì, 221 km (137 mi)
| Stage 2 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal 6h 05' 18" 2 Roberto Ferrari (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 3 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 4 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors \+ 0" 5 Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 6 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 0" 7 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 8 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 0" 9 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 0" 10 Rui Costa (POR) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 2 Rank Rider Team Time 1 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal 11h 18' 39" 2 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 4" 3 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 8" 4 Roberto Ferrari (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 8" 5 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 6 Pavel Brutt (RUS) Gazprom–RusVelo \+ 12" 7 Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) Team Dimension Data \+ 14" 8 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 14" 9 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors \+ 14" 10 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 14" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 3
7 May 2017 — Tortolì to Cagliari, 148 km (92 mi)
| Stage 3 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors 3h 26' 33" 2 Rüdiger Selig (GER) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 3 Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 4 Nathan Haas (AUS) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 5 Maximiliano Richeze (ARG) Quick-Step Floors \+ 0" 6 Kanstantsin Sivtsov (BLR) Bahrain–Merida \+ 3" 7 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 3" 8 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 13" 9 Sacha Modolo (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 13" 10 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 13" | | General classification after Stage 3 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors 14h 45' 16" 2 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 9" 3 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 13" 4 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 13" 5 Kanstantsin Sivtsov (BLR) Bahrain–Merida \+ 13" 6 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott \+ 17" 7 Roberto Ferrari (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 17" 8 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 23" 9 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 23" 10 Sacha Modolo (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 23" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 4
9 May 2017 — Cefalù to Etna (Rifugio Sapienza), 181 km (112 mi)
| Stage 4 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Jan Polanc (SLO) UAE Team Emirates 4h 55' 58" 2 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS) Team Katusha–Alpecin \+ 19" 3 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 29" 4 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 29" 5 Dario Cataldo (ITA) Astana \+ 29" 6 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 29" 7 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 29" 8 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 29" 9 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 29" 10 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 29" | | General classification after Stage 4 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors 19h 41' 56" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 6" 3 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 10" 4 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 10" 5 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 10" 6 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 10" 7 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 10" 8 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Mikel Landa (ESP) Team Sky \+ 10" 10 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 5
10 May 2017 — Pedara to Messina, 159 km (99 mi)
| Stage 5 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors 3h 40' 11" 2 Jakub Mareczko (ITA) Wilier Triestina–Selle Italia \+ 0" 3 Sam Bennett (IRL) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 4 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 0" 5 Phil Bauhaus (GER) Team Sunweb \+ 0" 6 Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 7 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 8 Roberto Ferrari (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 9 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 10 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 0" | | General classification after Stage 5 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors 23h 22' 07" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 6" 3 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 10" 4 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 10" 5 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 10" 6 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 10" 7 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 10" 8 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Tejay van Garderen (USA) BMC Racing Team \+ 10" 10 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 6
11 May 2017 — Reggio Calabria to Terme Luigiane, 217 km (135 mi)
| Stage 6 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Silvan Dillier (SUI) BMC Racing Team 4h 58' 01" 2 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 3 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 12" 4 Simone Andreetta (ITA) Bardiani–CSF \+ 26" 5 Michael Woods (CAN) Cannondale–Drapac \+ 39" 6 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 39" 7 Wilco Kelderman (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 39" 8 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 39" 9 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 39" 10 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 39" | | General classification after Stage 6 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors 28h 20' 47" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 6" 3 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 10" 4 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 10" 5 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 10" 6 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 10" 7 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 10" 8 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Tejay van Garderen (USA) BMC Racing Team \+ 10" 10 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 7
12 May 2017 — Castrovillari to Alberobello, 224 km (139 mi)
| Stage 7 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Orica–Scott 5h 35' 18" 2 Fernando Gaviria (COL) Quick-Step Floors \+ 0" 3 Sam Bennett (IRL) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 4 André Greipel (GER) Lotto–Soudal \+ 0" 5 Jasper Stuyven (BEL) Trek–Segafredo \+ 0" 6 Ryan Gibbons (RSA) Team Dimension Data \+ 0" 7 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 2" 8 Rüdiger Selig (GER) Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 2" 9 Alexey Tsatevich (RUS) Gazprom–RusVelo \+ 2" 10 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 2" | | General classification after Stage 7 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors 33h 56' 07" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 6" 3 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 10" 4 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 10" 5 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 10" 6 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 10" 7 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 10" 8 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 10" 10 Tejay van Garderen (USA) BMC Racing Team \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 8
13 May 2017 — Molfetta to Peschici, 189 km (117 mi)
| Stage 8 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Gorka Izagirre (ESP) Movistar Team 4h 24' 59" 2 Giovanni Visconti (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 5" 3 Luis León Sánchez (ESP) Astana \+ 10" 4 Enrico Battaglin (ITA) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 12" 5 Michael Woods (CAN) Cannondale–Drapac \+ 12" 6 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 12" 7 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 12" 8 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 12" 9 Steven Kruijswijk (NED) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 12" 10 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 12" | | General classification after Stage 8 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors 38h 21' 18" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 6" 3 Adam Yates (GBR) Orica–Scott \+ 10" 4 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 10" 5 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 10" 6 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 10" 7 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 10" 8 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 10" 9 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 10" 10 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 10" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 9
14 May 2017 — Montenero di Bisaccia to Blockhaus, 149 km (93 mi)
| Stage 9 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team 3h 44' 51" 2 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 24" 3 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 24" 4 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 41" 5 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 1' 00" 6 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 1' 18" 7 Tanel Kangert (EST) Astana \+ 2' 02" 8 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS) Team Katusha–Alpecin \+ 2' 14" 9 Sébastien Reichenbach (SUI) FDJ \+ 2' 28" 10 Davide Formolo (ITA) Cannondale–Drapac \+ 2' 35" | | General classification after Stage 9 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team 42h 06' 09" 2 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 28" 3 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb \+ 30" 4 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 51" 5 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 1' 10" 6 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 1' 28" 7 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS) Team Katusha–Alpecin \+ 2' 28" 8 Davide Formolo (ITA) Cannondale–Drapac \+ 2' 45" 9 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 2' 53" 10 Steven Kruijswijk (NED) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 3' 06" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 10
16 May 2017 — Foligno to Montefalco, 39.8 km (25 mi), individual time trial (ITT)
| Stage 10 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb 50' 37" 2 Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky \+ 49" 3 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 56" 4 Luis León Sánchez (ESP) Astana \+ 1' 40" 5 Vasil Kiryienka (BLR) Team Sky \+ 2' 00" 6 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 2' 07" 7 Maxime Monfort (BEL) Lotto–Soudal \+ 2' 13" 8 Jos van Emden (NED) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 2' 15" 9 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 2' 16" 10 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 2' 17" | | General classification after Stage 10 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb 42h 57' 16" 2 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 2' 23" 3 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 2' 38" 4 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 2' 40" 5 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 2' 47" 6 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 3' 56" 7 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 4' 05" 8 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS) Team Katusha–Alpecin \+ 4' 17" 9 Andrey Amador (CRC) Movistar Team \+ 4' 39" 10 Steven Kruijswijk (NED) LottoNL–Jumbo \+ 5' 19" |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Stage 11
17 May 2017 — Florence (Ponte a Ema) to Bagno di Romagna, 161 km (100 mi)
| Stage 11 result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Omar Fraile (ESP) Team Dimension Data 4h 23' 14" 2 Rui Costa (POR) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 3 Pierre Rolland (FRA) Cannondale–Drapac \+ 0" 4 Tanel Kangert (EST) Astana \+ 0" 5 Giovanni Visconti (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 0" 6 Ben Hermans (BEL) BMC Racing Team \+ 0" 7 Dario Cataldo (ITA) Astana \+ 0" 8 Simone Petilli (ITA) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 9 Maxime Monfort (BEL) Lotto–Soudal \+ 3" 10 Laurens De Plus (BEL) Quick-Step Floors \+ 3" | | General classification after Stage 11 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Tom Dumoulin (NED) Team Sunweb 47h 22' 07" 2 Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team \+ 2' 23" 3 Bauke Mollema (NED) Trek–Segafredo \+ 2' 38" 4 Thibaut Pinot (FRA) FDJ \+ 2' 40" 5 Vincenzo Nibali (ITA) Bahrain–Merida \+ 2' 47" 6 Andrey Amador (CRI) Movistar Team \+ 3' 05" 7 Bob Jungels (LUX) Quick-Step Floors \+ 3' 56" 8 Tanel Kangert (EST) Astana \+ 3' 59" 9 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) AG2R La Mondiale \+ 4' 05" 10 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS) Team Katusha–Alpecin \+ 4' 17" |
| --- | --- | --- |
### Sources
|
11,607,432
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union
|
23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
The 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) took place in Moscow, RSFSR between 29 March and 8 April 1966. It was the first Congress during Leonid Brezhnev's leadership of the Party and state. The position of First Secretary was renamed back to General Secretary, which had been its name from 1922 to 1952. The congress elected the 23rd Central Committee. Leonid Brezhnev, Gennady Voronov, Andrei Kirilenko, Alexei Kosygin, Kirill Mazurov, Arvid Pelshe, Nikolai Podgorny, Dmitry Polyansky, Mikhail Suslov, Alexander Shelepin and Petro Shelest were elected full members of the 23rd Politburo, while Viktor Grishin, Pyotr Demichev, Dinmukhamed Konayev, Pyotr Masherov, Vasil Mzhavanadze, Sharof Rashidov, Dmitriy Ustinov and Volodymyr Shcherbytsky were elected candidate members. On 4 April, the Soviet probe Luna 10, the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon, broadcast the notes of The Internationale to the Congress.
| 2023-11-24T12:44:49
|
# 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The **23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union** (CPSU) took place in Moscow, RSFSR between 29 March and 8 April 1966. It was the first Congress during Leonid Brezhnev's leadership of the Party and state. The position of First Secretary (held by Brezhnev) was renamed back to General Secretary, which had been its name from 1922 to 1952. The congress elected the 23rd Central Committee.
Leonid Brezhnev, Gennady Voronov, Andrei Kirilenko, Alexei Kosygin, Kirill Mazurov, Arvid Pelshe, Nikolai Podgorny, Dmitry Polyansky, Mikhail Suslov, Alexander Shelepin and Petro Shelest were elected full members of the 23rd Politburo, while Viktor Grishin, Pyotr Demichev, Dinmukhamed Konayev, Pyotr Masherov, Vasil Mzhavanadze, Sharof Rashidov, Dmitriy Ustinov and Volodymyr Shcherbytsky were elected candidate members.
On 4 April, the Soviet probe Luna 10, the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon, broadcast the notes of *The Internationale* to the Congress.
|
16,628,075
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina_by_population
|
List of cities in Argentina by population
|
This list of Argentine cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Argentine cities, and provides rankings for each. The population of each city except Buenos Aires includes its conurbation. Greater Buenos Aires has a population of 12,801,365. There is also a list at the bottom of this page that shows the GDP of each greater metropolitan area of the largest cities in the country.
| 2024-10-09T18:46:20
|
# List of cities in Argentina by population
This **list of Argentine cities by population** briefly explains the three different population figures given for Argentine cities, and provides rankings for each. The population of each city except Buenos Aires includes its conurbation. Greater Buenos Aires has a population of 12,801,365. There is also a list at the bottom of this page that shows the GDP (PPP: Purchasing Power Parity) of each greater metropolitan area of the largest cities in the country.
## Cities by population
Provincial Capitals are in **bold**.
* The listed cities below according to the 2010 & 2001 census by INDEC: National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina, as well as 2010 totals by World Book Encyclopedia. The list is in order by 2010 numbers, unless there is no 2010 data, then 2001 numbers were used to substitute.
| Rank | City | Province | 2010 Census | 2001 Census |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Buenos Aires** | Autonomous city | 2,936,877 | 2,890,150 |
| 2 | **Córdoba** | Córdoba | 1,317,298 | 1,308,072 |
| 3 | Rosario | Santa Fe | 1,193,605 | 1,159,000 |
| 4 | **La Plata** | Buenos Aires | 643,133 | 763,943 |
| 5 | Mar del Plata | Buenos Aires | 593,337 | 541,000 |
| 6 | **San Miguel de Tucumán** | Tucumán | 548,866 | |
| 7 | **Salta** | Salta | 520,683 | |
| 8 | **Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz** | Santa Fe | 391,164 | |
| 9 | Vicente López Partido | Buenos Aires | 360,078 | |
| 10 | **Corrientes** | Corrientes | 346,334 | |
| 11 | Pilar | Buenos Aires | 296,826 | |
| 12 | Bahía Blanca | Buenos Aires | 291,327 | |
| 13 | **Resistencia** | Chaco | 290,723 | |
| 14 | **Posadas** | Misiones | 275,028 | |
| 15 | **San Salvador de Jujuy** | Jujuy | 257,970 | |
| 16 | **Santiago del Estero** | Santiago del Estero | 252,192 | |
| 17 | **Paraná** | Entre Ríos | 247,139 | |
| 18 | Merlo | Buenos Aires | | 244,168 |
| 19 | **Neuquén** | Neuquén | 231,198 | |
| 20 | Quilmes | Buenos Aires | | 230,810 |
| 21 | Banfield | Buenos Aires | | 223,898 |
| 22 | **Formosa** | Formosa | 222,226 | |
| 23 | José C. Paz | Buenos Aires | | 216,637 |
| 24 | Lanús | Buenos Aires | 212,152 | |
| 25 | Godoy Cruz | Mendoza | 191,299 | |
| 26 | Las Heras | Mendoza | 189,067 | |
| 27 | **La Rioja** | La Rioja | 178,872 | 146,418 |
| 28 | Gregorio de Laferrère | Buenos Aires | | 175,670 |
| 29 | Comodoro Rivadavia | Chubut | 175,196 | 135,813 |
| 30 | **San Luis** | San Luis | 169,947 | |
| 31 | Ituzaingó | Buenos Aires | 168,419 | 104,712 |
| 32 | Berazategui | Buenos Aires | | 167,498 |
| 33 | González Catán | Buenos Aires | | 163,815 |
| 34 | Ezeiza | Buenos Aires | 160,219 | |
| 35 | **San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca** | Catamarca | 159,139 | 140,741 |
| 36 | San Miguel | Buenos Aires | | 157,532 |
| 37 | Río Cuarto | Córdoba | 157,010 | 144,140 |
| 38 | Concordia | Entre Ríos | 149,450 | 147,046 |
| 39 | Moreno | Buenos Aires | | 148,290 |
| 40 | San Fernando de la Buena Vista | Buenos Aires | | 145,165 |
| 41 | Isidro Casanova | Buenos Aires | | 136,091 |
| 42 | San Nicolás de los Arroyos | Buenos Aires | 133,602 | 125,408 |
| 43 | Florencio Varela | Buenos Aires | | 120,678 |
| 44 | San Rafael | Mendoza | 118,009 | 104,782 |
| 45 | Tandil | Buenos Aires | 116,916 | 101,010 |
| 46 | **Mendoza** | Mendoza | 114,893 | 110,993 |
| 47 | Avellaneda | Buenos Aires | | 112,980 |
| 48 | Lomas de Zamora | Buenos Aires | | 111,897 |
| 49 | Temperley | Buenos Aires | | 111,660 |
| 50 | Villa Mercedes | San Luis | 111,391 | 97,000 |
| 51 | Olavarría | Buenos Aires | 111,320 | 83,738 |
| 52 | Monte Grande | Buenos Aires | | 110,241 |
| 53 | Bernal | Buenos Aires | | 109,914 |
| 54 | San Carlos de Bariloche | Río Negro | 109,305 | 90,000 |
| 55 | **San Juan** | San Juan | 109,123 | 112,778 |
| 56 | Villa Krause | San Juan | | 107,778 |
| 57 | Maipú | Mendoza | 106,662 | 89,433 |
| 58 | La Banda | Santiago del Estero | 106,441 | 95,142 |
| 59 | San Justo | Buenos Aires | | 105,274 |
| 60 | Pergamino | Buenos Aires | 104,985 | 85,487 |
| 61 | Castelar | Buenos Aires | | 104,019 |
| 62 | Rafael Castillo | Buenos Aires | | 103,992 |
| 63 | **Santa Rosa** | La Pampa | 102,880 | 101,987 |
| 64 | Libertad | Buenos Aires | | 100,476 |
| 65 | Ramos Mejía | Buenos Aires | | 98,547 |
| 66 | Trelew | Chubut | 97,915 | |
| 67 | Luján | Buenos Aires | 97,363 | 67,266 |
| 68 | **Río Gallegos** | Santa Cruz | 95,796 | 79,072 |
| 69 | Caseros | Buenos Aires | 95,785 | 90,313 |
| 70 | Trujui | Buenos Aires | | 94,608 |
| 71 | Morón | Buenos Aires | | 92,725 |
| 72 | Rafaela | Santa Fe | 91,571 | 82,530 |
| 73 | Virrey del Pino | Buenos Aires | | 90,382 |
| 74 | Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña | Chaco | 89,882 | 76,377 |
| 75 | Parque San Martín | Buenos Aires | | 89,073 |
| 76 | Berisso | Buenos Aires | 87,698 | 95,021 |
| 77 | Junín | Buenos Aires | 87,509 | 82,427 |
| 78 | Chimbas | San Juan | 87,258 | 73,210 |
| 79 | Campana | Buenos Aires | 86,860 | 77,838 |
| 80 | Zárate | Buenos Aires | 86,686 | |
| 81 | Burzaco | Buenos Aires | | 86,113 |
| 82 | Grand Bourg | Buenos Aires | | 85,487 |
| 83 | Monte Chingolo | Buenos Aires | | 85,060 |
| 84 | Necochea | Buenos Aires | 84,784 | 65,459 |
| 85 | Rivadavia | Mendoza | 82,582 | 75,950 |
| 86 | Puerto Iguazú | Misiones | 82,227 | |
| 87 | General Roca | Río Negro | 81,534 | 69,602 |
| 88 | Remedios de Escalada | Buenos Aires | | 81,465 |
| 89 | Puerto Madryn | Chubut | 81,315 | 57,791 |
| 90 | Gualeguaychú | Entre Ríos | 80,614 | 74,681 |
| 91 | La Tablada | Buenos Aires | | 80,389 |
| 92 | San Martín | Mendoza | 79,476 | 49,491 |
| 93 | Villa María | Córdoba | 79,351 | 72,162 |
| 94 | Cipolletti | Río Negro | 77,713 | 66,472 |
| 95 | San Ramón de la Nueva Orán | Salta | 76,070 | 66,579 |
| 96 | Florida Este | Buenos Aires | | 75,891 |
| 97 | Ciudad Madero | Buenos Aires | | 75,582 |
| 98 | Olivos | Buenos Aires | | 75,527 |
| 99 | Venado Tuerto | Santa Fe | 75,437 | 68,508 |
| 100 | San Pedro de Jujuy | Jujuy | 75,037 | |
| 101 | El Palomar | Buenos Aires | 74,757 | |
| 102 | Villa Gobernador Gálvez | Santa Fe | | 74,658 |
| 103 | Villa Luzuriaga | Buenos Aires | | 73,952 |
| 104 | Boulogne Sur Mer | Buenos Aires | | 73,496 |
| 105 | Ciudadela | Buenos Aires | | 73,155 |
| 106 | Luján de Cuyo | Mendoza | | 73,058 |
| 107 | Ezpeleta | Buenos Aires | | 72,557 |
| 108 | Concepción del Uruguay | Entre Ríos | 72,528 | 64,538 |
| 109 | Goya | Corrientes | 71,606 | 66,462 |
| 110 | Reconquista | Santa Fe | 70,549 | 66,187 |
| 111 | Bella Vista | Buenos Aires | | 67,936 |
| 112 | Río Grande | Tierra del Fuego | 66,425 | 52,786 |
| 113 | Wilde | Buenos Aires | | 65,881 |
| 114 | Martínez | Buenos Aires | | 65,859 |
| 115 | Santo Tomé | Santa Fe | 65,684 | 22,634 |
| 116 | Don Torcuato | Buenos Aires | | 64,867 |
| 117 | Gerli | Buenos Aires | | 64,640 |
| 118 | Banda del Río Salí | Tucumán | | 64,591 |
| 119 | Oberá | Misiones | 63,960 | 51,681 |
| 120 | General Rodríguez | Buenos Aires | | 63,317 |
| 121 | Tartagal | Salta | 63,196 | 55,508 |
| 122 | Villa Tesei | Buenos Aires | | 63,164 |
| 123 | Villa Carlos Paz | Córdoba | 62,423 | 60,900 |
| 124 | Ciudad Jardín El Libertador | Buenos Aires | | 61,780 |
| 125 | San Francisco | Córdoba | 61,750 | 58,588 |
| 126 | Sarandí | Buenos Aires | | 60,725 |
| 127 | Hurlingham | Buenos Aires | 60,000 | |
| 128 | Villa Elvira | Buenos Aires | | 59,476 |
| 129 | Garín | Buenos Aires | | 59,335 |
| 130 | Villa Domínico | Buenos Aires | | 58,824 |
| 131 | Béccar | Buenos Aires | | 58,811 |
| 132 | Punta Alta | Buenos Aires | 58,315 | 57,296 |
| 133 | Chivilcoy | Buenos Aires | 58,152 | 52,938 |
| 134 | Glew | Buenos Aires | | 57,878 |
| 135 | Eldorado | Misiones | 57,323 | 47,794 |
| 136 | El Palomar | Buenos Aires | | 57,146 |
| 137 | **Ushuaia** | Tierra del Fuego | 56,593 | 45,205 |
| 138 | General Pico | La Pampa | 56,795 | 52,414 |
| 139 | Rafael Calzada | Buenos Aires | | 56,419 |
| 140 | Mercedes | Buenos Aires | 56,116 | 51,967 |
| 141 | Azul | Buenos Aires | 55,728 | 53,054 |
| 142 | Belén de Escobar | Buenos Aires | | 55,054 |
| 143 | Barranqueras | Chaco | 54,698 | 50,738 |
| 144 | Ensenada | Buenos Aires | 54,463 | 31,031 |
| 145 | Los Hornos | Buenos Aires | | 54,406 |
| 146 | Mariano Acosta | Buenos Aires | | 54,081 |
| 147 | San Francisco Solano | Buenos Aires | | 53,363 |
| 148 | Los Polvorines | Buenos Aires | | 53,354 |
| 149 | Lomas del Mirador | Buenos Aires | | 52,971 |
| 150 | Clorinda | Formosa | 52,837 | 46,884 |
| 151 | **Viedma** | Río Negro | 52,789 | 46,767 |
| 152 | Caleta Olivia | Santa Cruz | 51,733 | |
| 153 | Bosques | Buenos Aires | | 51,663 |
| 154 | Palpalá | Jujuy | 50,183 | 45,077 |
| 155 | Yerba Buena | Tucumán | | 50,057 |
| 156 | Concepción | Tucumán | 49,782 | 46,194 |
| 157 | Villa Centenario | Buenos Aires | | 49,737 |
| 158 | Ciudad Perico | Jujuy | 49,422 | |
| 159 | Gobernador Julio A. Costa | Buenos Aires | | 49,291 |
| 160 | William Morris | Buenos Aires | | 48,916 |
| 161 | El Jagüel | Buenos Aires | | 48,781 |
| 162 | Villa Mariano Mareno | Tucumán | | 48,655 |
| 163 | Alta Gracia | Córdoba | 48,140 | |
| 164 | Longchamps | Buenos Aires | | 47,622 |
| 165 | San Pedro | Buenos Aires | 47,452 | |
| 166 | Villa Constitución | Santa Fe | 47,374 | |
| 167 | Tres Arroyos | Buenos Aires | 46,867 | 45,986 |
| 168 | Garupá | Misiones | 46,759 | |
| 169 | Libertador General San Martín | Jujuy | 46,642 | |
| 170 | Río Tercero | Córdoba | 46,421 | |
| 171 | San Isidro | Buenos Aires | | 45,190 |
| 172 | Villa Adelina | Buenos Aires | | 44,587 |
| 173 | Villa de Mayo | Buenos Aires | | 43,405 |
| 174 | General Pacheco | Buenos Aires | | 43,287 |
| 175 | Paso de los Libres | Corrientes | 43,251 | |
| 176 | San Lorenzo | Santa Fe | | 43,039 |
| 177 | Granadero Baigorria | Santa Fe | 43,000 | |
| 178 | Villa Fiorito | Buenos Aires | | 42,904 |
| 179 | Lincoln | Buenos Aires | | 41,808 |
| 180 | Paso del Rey | Buenos Aires | | 41,775 |
| 181 | Llavallol | Buenos Aires | | 41,463 |
| 182 | Villa Ángela | Chaco | 41,403 | 43,511 |
| 183 | Tortuguitas | Buenos Aires | | 41,310 |
| 184 | Claypole | Buenos Aires | | 41,176 |
| 185 | Valentín Alsina | Buenos Aires | | 41,155 |
| 186 | Apóstoles | Misiones | | 40,858 |
| 187 | José Mármol | Buenos Aires | | 40,612 |
| 188 | Gualeguay | Entre Ríos | 40,507 | 39,035 |
| 189 | Esperanza | Santa Fe | 40,125 | 36,000 |
| 190 | Tafí Viejo | Tucumán | 39,601 | 48,459 |
| 191 | Virreyes | Buenos Aires | | 39,507 |
| 192 | Ingeniero Pablo Nogués | Buenos Aires | | 38,470 |
| 193 | Alderetes | Tucumán | 38,466 | |
| 194 | Chacabuco | Buenos Aires | 38,418 | 34,958 |
| 195 | Balcarce | Buenos Aires | 38,376 | |
| 196 | Haedo | Buenos Aires | | 38,068 |
| 197 | San Antonio de Padua | Buenos Aires | | 37,775 |
| 198 | Juan José Castelli | Chaco | | 36,588 |
| 199 | Nueve de Julio | Buenos Aires | 36,494 | 34,350 |
| 200 | Dock Sud | Buenos Aires | | 35,897 |
| 201 | Munro | Buenos Aires | | 35,844 |
| 202 | Cutral Có | Neuquén | 35,465 | |
| 203 | Villa Ballester | Buenos Aires | | 35,301 |
| 204 | Casilda | Santa Fe | 34,703 | 32,000 |
| 205 | Curuzú Cuatiá | Corrientes | 34,470 | 50,000 |
| 206 | Bell Ville | Córdoba | 33,835 | |
| 207 | Chilecito | La Rioja | 33,724 | |
| 208 | Chascomús | Buenos Aires | 33,607 | |
| 209 | Mercedes | Corrientes | 33,551 | |
| 210 | Pontevedra | Buenos Aires | | 33,515 |
| 211 | Trenque Lauquen | Buenos Aires | 33,442 | 30,764 |
| 212 | Bragado | Buenos Aires | 33,222 | 32,830 |
| 213 | Centenario | Neuquén | 32,928 | |
| 214 | Aguilares | Tucumán | 32,908 | |
| 215 | Villaguay | Entre Ríos | 32,881 | |
| 216 | Chajarí | Entre Ríos | 32,734 | |
| 217 | City Bell | Buenos Aires | | 32,646 |
| 218 | Victoria | Entre Ríos | 32,411 | |
| 219 | Plottier | Neuquén | 32,390 | 25,186 |
| 220 | Esquel | Chubut | 32,343 | |
| 221 | Termas de Río Hondo | Santiago del Estero | 32,166 | 27,838 |
| 222 | Zapala | Neuquén | 32,097 | |
| 223 | Comandante Fontana | Chaco | 32,027 | |
| 224 | General José de San Martín | Chaco | 31,758 | |
| 225 | Jesús María | Córdoba | 31,602 | 26,825 |
| 226 | Pehuajó | Buenos Aires | 31,553 | |
| 227 | General Güemes | Salta | 31,494 | |
| 228 | Villa Udaondo | Buenos Aires | | 31,490 |
| 229 | Lobos | Buenos Aires | 31,190 | |
| 230 | Tigre | Buenos Aires | 31,106 | |
| 231 | Cruz del Eje | Córdoba | 30,680 | 28,000 |
| 232 | Victoria | Buenos Aires | 30,623 | |
| 233 | Villa Regina | Río Negro | 30,028 | |
| 234 | Carlos Spegazzini | Buenos Aires | 30,000 | |
| 235 | General Alvear | Mendoza | 29,909 | 26,342 |
| 236 | Villa Dolores | Córdoba | 29,854 | |
| 237 | Miramar | Buenos Aires | 29,433 | |
| 238 | Cañada de Gómez | Santa Fe | 29,205 | 29,740 |
| 239 | Tunuyán | Mendoza | 28,859 | |
| 240 | Gobernador Virasoro | Corrientes | | 28,756 |
| 241 | Baradero | Buenos Aires | 28,537 | 24,901 |
| 242 | San José de Metán | Buenos Aires | 28,295 | |
| 243 | Adrogué | Buenos Aires | | 28,265 |
| 244 | Caucete | San Juan | 28,222 | 33,609 |
| 245 | Charata | Chaco | | 27,813 |
| 246 | Tristán Suárez | Buenos Aires | | 27,746 |
| 247 | Florida Oeste | Buenos Aires | | 27,733 |
| 248 | Capitán Bermúdez | Santa Fe | | 27,109 |
| 249 | Marcos Juárez | Córdoba | 27,004 | 24,226 |
| 250 | Piñeiro | Buenos Aires | | 26,979 |
| 251 | Las Breñas | Chaco | | 26,955 |
| 252 | Frías | Santiago del Estero | 26,649 | 25,405 |
| 253 | Arrecifes | Buenos Aires | 26,400 | |
| 254 | San Carlos de Bolívar | Buenos Aires | 26,242 | 24,094 |
| 255 | Muñiz | Buenos Aires | | 26,221 |
| 256 | Villa Martelli | Buenos Aires | | 26,059 |
| 257 | Dolores | Buenos Aires | 25,940 | 24,120 |
| 258 | Carmen de Patagones | Buenos Aires | | 25,553 |
| 259 | Pérez | Buenos Aires | | 25,063 |
| 260 | Jardín América | Misiones | 24,905 | |
| 261 | Rosario de la Frontera | Salta | | 24,819 |
| 262 | **Rawson** | Chubut | 24,616 | |
| 263 | Quitilipi | Chaco | 24,517 | 32,083 |
| 264 | Arroyo Seco | Santa Fe | | 24,504 |
| 265 | La Paz | Entre Ríos | 24,307 | 25,000 |
| 266 | La Unión | Buenos Aires | | 24,293 |
| 267 | Embarcación | Salta | | 23,964 |
| 268 | Funes | Santa Fe | 23,520 | |
| 269 | San Martín de los Andes | Neuquén | 23,519 | |
| 270 | Monte Caseros | Corrientes | 23,470 | |
| 271 | Santo Tomé | Santa Fe | 65,684 | 22,634 |
| 272 | Añatuya | Santiago del Estero | 23,286 | 30,000 |
| 273 | Monteros | Tucumán | 23,274 | 23,771 |
| 274 | Villa Gesell | Buenos Aires | | 23,257 |
| 275 | Malargüe | Mendoza | | 23,020 |
| 276 | Río Segundo | Córdoba | 23,000 | |
| 277 | Manuel B. Gonnet | Buenos Aires | | 22,963 |
| 278 | Famaillá | Tucumán | 22,924 | 30,951 |
| 279 | Allen | Río Negro | 22,859 | 26,083 |
| 280 | Cinco Saltos | Río Negro | 22,790 | 19,819 |
| 281 | Coronel Suárez | Buenos Aires | | 22,624 |
| 282 | Veinticinco de Mayo | Buenos Aires | | 22,581 |
| 283 | Nogoyá | Entre Ríos | | 22,285 |
| 284 | Crucecita | Buenos Aires | | 22,000 |
| 285 | Machagai | Chaco | 21,997 | 28,070 |
| 286 | San Justo | Santa Fe | 21,624 | 21,815 |
| 287 | Ituzaingó | Corrientes | 21,610 | |
| 288 | Las Flores | Buenos Aires | 21,455 | |
| 289 | Alejandro Korn | Buenos Aires | | 21,407 |
| 290 | Deán Funes | Córdoba | 21,211 | 20,164 |
| 291 | San Isidro de Lules | Tucumán | 21,088 | |
| 292 | San José de Jáchal | San Juan | | 21,018 |
| 293 | Colón | Entre Ríos | | 21,000 |
| 294 | Coronel Pringles | Buenos Aires | 20,263 | 23,794 |
| 295 | Pinamar | Buenos Aires | | 20,000 |
| 296 | Laboulaye | Córdoba | | 19,908 |
| 297 | Vera | Santa Fe | | 19,797 |
| 298 | Diamante | Entre Ríos | | 19,545 |
| 299 | Esquina | Corrientes | 19,081 | |
| 300 | Cosquín | Córdoba | | 19,000 |
| 301 | Rufino | Santa Fe | 18,727 | 18,372 |
| 302 | Sunchales | Santa Fe | | 18,711 |
| 303 | Santa Elena | Entre Ríos | | 18,410 |
| 304 | Gálvez | Santa Fe | | 18,374 |
| 305 | Crespo | Entre Ríos | | 18,296 |
| 306 | Firmat | Santa Fe | | 18,294 |
| 307 | Morteros | Córdoba | 18,129 | |
| 308 | Las Heras | Santa Cruz | 17,821 | |
| 309 | San Antonio de Areco | Buenos Aires | | 17,764 |
| 310 | Puerto Rico | Misiones | 17,491 | |
| 311 | Pilar | Córdoba | 17,000 | |
| 312 | Coronda | Santa Fe | | 16,969 |
| 313 | Daireaux | Buenos Aires | 16,804 | |
| 314 | Río Ceballos | Córdoba | | 16,632 |
| 315 | Federal | Entre Ríos | | 16,333 |
| 316 | San Antonio Oeste | Río Negro | 16,265 | 16,966 |
| 317 | Santa María | Catamarca | | 16,213 |
| 318 | Salvador Mazza | Salta | | 16,068 |
| 319 | Embalse | Córdoba | | 15,900 |
| 320 | Carcarañá | Santa Fe | 15,619 | |
| 321 | San Javier | Santa Fe | | 15,606 |
| 322 | Unquillo | Córdoba | | 15,369 |
| 323 | La Falda | Córdoba | | 15,000 |
| 324 | Santa Teresita | Buenos Aires | | 15,000 |
| 325 | San José | Entre Ríos | | 14,965 |
| 326 | Tafí del Valle | Tucumán | 14,933 | |
| 327 | La Quiaca | Jujuy | | 14,753 |
| 328 | Tinogasta | Catamarca | | 14,509 |
| 329 | Fray Luis Beltrán | Santa Fe | | 14,390 |
| 330 | San Cristobal | Santa Fe | 14,389 | |
| 331 | Tostado | Santa Fe | | 14,249 |
| 332 | Recreo | Catamarca | | 14,204 |
| 333 | Puerto Deseado | Santa Cruz | 14,183 | |
| 334 | Andalgalá | Catamarca | | 14,068 |
| 335 | Santa Lucía | Corrientes | | 14,056 |
| 336 | Benito Juárez | Buenos Aires | | 13,868 |
| 337 | Rosario del Tala | Entre Ríos | | 13,807 |
| 338 | Federación | Entre Ríos | | 13,789 |
| 339 | Las Rosas | Santa Fe | 13,689 | |
| 340 | Plaza Huincul | Neuquén | 13,532 | |
| 341 | Empedrado | Corrientes | 13,245 | |
| 342 | San Salvador | Entre Ríos | 13,228 | |
| 343 | Chos Malal | Neuquén | 13,092 | |
| 344 | Chamical | La Rioja | 12,919 | 11,831 |
| 345 | Oncativo | Córdoba | | 12,660 |
| 346 | Las Lomitas | Formosa | 12,399 | 10,354 |
| 347 | América | Buenos Aires | | 12,361 |
| 348 | Aristóbulo del Valle | Misiones | 12,375 | |
| 349 | La Carlota | Córdoba | 11,496 | |
| 350 | Roldán | Santa Fe | | 11,470 |
| 351 | Humahuaca | Jujuy | | 11,369 |
| 352 | Las Parejas | Santa Fe | | 11,317 |
| 353 | Villa Nueva | Mendoza | | 11,104 |
| 354 | Villa Cura Brochero | Córdoba | 10,926 | |
| 355 | Bernardo de Irigoyen | Misiones | | 10,889 |
| 356 | Puerto General San Martín | Santa Fe | | 10,882 |
| 357 | El Trébol | Santa Fe | | 10,871 |
| 358 | San Carlos Centro | Santa Fe | | 10,465 |
| 359 | Armstrong | Santa Fe | | 10,411 |
| 360 | Loreto | Santiago del Estero | | 9,854 |
| 361 | General Alvear | Buenos Aires | 9,812 | |
| 362 | Eduardo Castex | La Pampa | 9,470 | |
| 363 | Huinca Renancó | Córdoba | 9,426 | |
| 364 | Villa Elisa | Entre Ríos | | 9,334 |
| 365 | Villa Cañás | Santa Fe | | 9,308 |
| 366 | Capilla del Señor | Buenos Aires | 9,244 | |
| 367 | Capilla del Monte | Córdoba | 9,085 | |
| 368 | Coronel Du Graty | Chaco | 9,015 | |
| 369 | Villa Aberastain | San Juan | | 8,946 |
| 370 | Simoca | Tucumán | 8,010 | |
| 371 | Urdinarrain | Entre Ríos | | 7,992 |
| 372 | San Bernardo del Tuyú | Buenos Aires | | 6,966 |
| 373 | Arias | Córdoba | | 6,928 |
| 374 | Sauce Viejo | Santa Fe | | 6,825 |
| 375 | Realicó | La Pampa | | 6,789 |
| 376 | Larroque | Entre Ríos | 6,451 | |
| 377 | Ingeniero Jacobacci | Río Negro | 6,261 | |
| 378 | El Calafate | Santa Cruz | 6,143 | |
| 379 | San Francisco de Tilcara | Jujuy | | 5,640 |
| 380 | Cachi | Salta | | 5,254 |
| 381 | Villa Unión | La Rioja | 4,931 | |
| 382 | Aluminé | Neuquén | | 3,720 |
| 383 | Piedra del Águila | Neuquén | | 3,372 |
| 384 | General Lavalle | Buenos Aires | | 1,472 |
| 385 | Coronel Martínez de Hoz | Buenos Aires | | 941 |
|
|
66,276,726
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaechelys
|
Inaechelys
|
Inaechelys is a potentially dubious genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Maria Farinha Formation of Brazil. The genus consists solely of type species I. pernambucensis.
| 2024-02-09T09:06:42
|
# Inaechelys
***Inaechelys*** is a potentially dubious genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Maria Farinha Formation of Brazil. The genus consists solely of type species *I. pernambucensis*.
## Discovery
*Inaechelys* was discovered in the Poty Cement Quarry, in Paulista, Brazil in 2005, by a team from the Federal University of Pernambuco.
## Description
The holotype consists of a carapace, which is fragmented but almost complete. The mesoplastron is not preserved, though its outline is still visible. The anal notch is small, semicircular and wider than it is deep.
## Taxonomy
Pedro Romano placed the species in the genus *Rosasia* in 2016.
## InfoBox
| *Inaechelys*<br>Temporal range: Danian (Tiupampan)<br>~ | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Family: | Bothremydidae |
| Subfamily: | Bothremydinae |
| Tribe: | Bothremydini |
| Subtribe: | Bothremydina |
| Genus: | *Inaechelys*<br>de Araujo Carvalho et al., 2016 |
| Species: | ***I. pernambucensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Inaechelys pernambucensis***<br>de Araujo Carvalho et al., 2016 | |
|
|
4,771,345
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Comic_Book_Creator_Awards_Association
|
Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
|
The Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association was formed in 2004 as a means to honour Canadian creators, publishers and retailers in the medium of comic books. With permission of the estate of Joe Shuster, the Canadian-born co-creator of Superman the creator and publisher awards are named the Joe Shuster Awards for Canadian Comic Book Creators. The JSA's honour excellence in Canadian comic book writing, art, cartooning, publishing and more. There is also a Hall of Fame that honours veteran creators. An additional award, the Outstanding Canadian retailer award is named after Harry Kremer the late owner of Now & Then Books in Kitchener, Ontario.
| 2018-09-30T19:10:02
|
# Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
The **Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association** was formed in 2004 as a means to honour Canadian creators, publishers and retailers in the medium of comic books.
With permission of the estate of Joe Shuster, the Canadian-born co-creator of Superman the creator and publisher awards are named the Joe Shuster Awards for Canadian Comic Book Creators. The JSA's honour excellence in Canadian comic book writing, art, cartooning, publishing and more. There is also a Hall of Fame that honours veteran creators. An additional award, the Outstanding Canadian retailer award is named after Harry Kremer the late owner of Now & Then Books in Kitchener, Ontario.
## Overview
The organization consists of an administrative (or executive) committee, a series of nominating committees and juries.
The only provision for active membership in any of the nominating committees or the administrative committee is that the member not be actively creating or publishing comic books, webcomics or graphic novels that could be eligible for consideration for any of the existing categories during the judging period. Eligible publishers and creators may participate in the special judging committee for the Harry Kremer comic book retailer award.
The Association is a not-for-profit organization. Funds for the Joe Shuster Awards are raised from donations, sponsorship and eBay auctions of prints and other specialty items.
In late 2007, the CCBCAA membership ratified an organizational charter, the position of Executive Director and Associate Director were created (supplanting Chairperson and Assistant). Directors of the CCBCAA are voted into their positions for two award seasons, unless they vacate the position prior to the end of term.
In 2008 a new fundraising initiative was launched entitled "Visions of an Icon". The Visions project involves the donation of original art interpretations of a single comic book character by Canadian artists and cartoonists. The pieces are displayed on a few occasions and then auctioned off on eBay to raise funds for the next year's awards. In 2008 the subject was Superman and in 2009 the subject was Wolverine. The Visions program was suspended in 2010.
|
20,222,877
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guillaume
|
François Guillaume
|
François Guillaume is a French politician. He was a member of the Rally for the Republic and after then a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Between 1979 and 1986, he was the president of the Fédération Nationale des Syndicats d'Exploitants d'Agricoles. He was Minister of Agriculture between 1986 and 1988. Between 1989 and 1994, he was a Member of the European Parliament. Between 1993 and 2002, He has been a member of Parliament.
| 2024-07-12T17:14:24
|
# François Guillaume
**François Guillaume** (born 19 October 1932 in Ville-en-Vermois) is a French politician. He was a member of the Rally for the Republic and after then a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Between 1979 and 1986, he was the president of the Fédération Nationale des Syndicats d'Exploitants d'Agricoles.
He was Minister of Agriculture between 1986 and 1988. Between 1989 and 1994, he was a Member of the European Parliament. Between 1993 and 2002, He has been a member of Parliament.
|
16,747,367
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GWR_7800_Class_7819_Hinton_Manor
|
GWR 7800 Class 7819 Hinton Manor
|
7819 Hinton Manor is a Great Western Railway locomotive part of the Manor Class. It is one of 9 locomotives preserved from the class which originally had 30.
| 2024-09-19T07:22:44
|
# GWR 7800 Class 7819 Hinton Manor
**7819 Hinton Manor** is a Great Western Railway locomotive part of the Manor Class. It is one of 9 locomotives preserved from the class which originally had 30.
## Service
7819 was built by the Great Western Railway in 1939 and was initially allocated to Carmarthen before moving to Oswestry in 1943. It regularly worked the Cambrian Coast Expresses in the 1960s until being withdrawn from service in November 1965 and moved to Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales.
## Preservation
7819 was acquired from Barry in 1973 by the Hinton Manor Fund with help from the Severn Valley Railway Company. Following restoration it entered service in 1977 and also appeared on the main line hauling a number of trains, including the 1987 Cardigan Bay Express season. 7819 Was one of the Severn Valley residents which saw regular use on the mainline in 1985 during the 150th anniversary of the Great Western Railway. The first railtour it worked during the anniversary year being "The Great Western Limited" on 7 Apr, the trip was to see 7819 double heading with 6000 King George V which was being steam worked from Bristol to Plymouth with 7819 coupled behind 6000.
Approaching Taunton the king had suffered a hotbox and needed to be removed from the train leaving 7819 to haul the 13 coach train alone to Plymouth with two class 37's assisting the manor from Taunton to Tiverton Jcn. 7819 would then take the train alone but on arrival in Exeter 7819 was then discovered to have also run a hotbox and needed to be removed from the train with a set of diesels working the train onwards to Plymouth. After being repaired 7819 then moved to Plymouth overnight to work a Plymouth to Bristol bound "Great Western Limited" on 8 Apr where it now double headed with a hastily summoned 4930 Hagley Hall which had travelled overnight from the Severn Valley Railway to work the tour. The engine would also in later years work a number of trains over the Cambrian Coast Line to Barmouth & Pwllheli.
It was last steamed at the end of 1994 and then placed in storage awaiting overhaul. After cosmetic restoration, it replaced Hall Class 4-6-0 No. 4930 *Hagley Hall* as a static exhibit at the Swindon Designer Outlet in 2007. It returned to the SVR in August 2018 and in March 2019 was moved into The Engine House at Highley. Ownership of the locomotive was transferred to the Severn Valley Railway Charitable Trust in 2004.
## Allocations
| First shed Feb 1939 | 31 Dec 1947 | Aug 1950 | March 1959 | May 1965 | Last Shed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carmarthen | Whitchurch | Oswestry | Oswestry | Shrewsbury | Shrewsbury |
## InfoBox
| 7819 *Hinton Manor* | |
| --- | --- |
| 7819 Hinton Manor at Bridgnorth | |
| Type and origin Power type Steam Build date February 1939 | |
| Specifications Gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) | |
| Career Operators Great Western Railway,<br>British Railways Class 7800 'Manor' Class Numbers 7819 Withdrawn November 1965 | |
|
35,624,915
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencia_spicata
|
Lawrencia spicata
|
Lawrencia spicata, commonly known as salt lawrencia, is a species of plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is endemic to Australia where it is recorded from the states of Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. Its preferred habitats are coastal saltmarsh, estuaries, river banks and the margins of salt lakes. It is a perennial herb, with fleshy stems and leaves forming a basal rosette from which ascends a dense cylindrical flowering spike, up to 60 cm in height. The leaves are 2–7 cm long with extended stalks. The flowers are white or yellow and have a strong smell.
| 2023-05-07T00:41:47
|
# Lawrencia spicata
***Lawrencia spicata***, commonly known as **salt lawrencia**, is a species of plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is endemic to Australia where it is recorded from the states of Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. Its preferred habitats are coastal saltmarsh, estuaries, river banks and the margins of salt lakes. It is a perennial herb, with fleshy stems and leaves forming a basal rosette from which ascends a dense cylindrical flowering spike, up to 60 cm in height. The leaves are 2–7 cm long with extended stalks. The flowers are white or yellow and have a strong smell.
## InfoBox
| *Lawrencia spicata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Lawrencia* |
| Species: | ***L. spicata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lawrencia spicata***<br>Hook., 1840 | |
|
| | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
|
4,259,833
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberte_Pullman
|
Alberte Pullman
|
Alberte Pullman was a French theoretical and quantum chemist. She studied at the Sorbonne starting in 1938. During her studies she worked on calculations at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). From 1943 she worked with Raymond Daudel. She completed her doctorate in 1946. On his return from war service in 1946, she married Bernard Pullman. She and her husband worked together until his death in 1996. Together they wrote several books including Quantum Biochemistry, Interscience Publishers, 1963. Their work in the 1950s and 1960s was the beginning of the new field of Quantum Biochemistry. They pioneered the application of quantum chemistry to predicting the carcinogenic properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. Pullman was born in Nantes, France. She was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and a member and former President of The International Society of Quantum Biology and Pharmacology.
| 2023-12-15T12:41:51
|
# Alberte Pullman
**Alberte Pullman** (née Bucher, 26 August 1920 – 7 January 2011) was a French theoretical and quantum chemist. She studied at the Sorbonne starting in 1938. During her studies she worked on calculations at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). From 1943 she worked with Raymond Daudel. She completed her doctorate in 1946. On his return from war service in 1946, she married Bernard Pullman. She and her husband worked together until his death in 1996. Together they wrote several books including *Quantum Biochemistry*, Interscience Publishers, 1963. Their work in the 1950s and 1960s was the beginning of the new field of Quantum Biochemistry. They pioneered the application of quantum chemistry to predicting the carcinogenic properties of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Pullman was born in Nantes, France. She was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and a member and former President of The International Society of Quantum Biology and Pharmacology.
## InfoBox
| Alberte Pullman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Alberte Bucher<br>(1920-08-26)26 August 1920<br>Nantes, France |
| Died | 7 January 2007(2007-01-07) (aged 86) |
| Education | Sorbonne |
| Spouse | Bernard Pullman |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Quantum biochemistry |
| Institutions | CNRS |
| Thesis | (1946) |
| | |
|
29,763,723
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_D%C3%ADaz_(baseball)
|
Alejandro Díaz (baseball)
|
Alejandro Diaz Quezada is a former professional baseball player. He is the first person to transfer from Nippon Professional Baseball to Major League Baseball through the posting system. Diaz played for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in 1998. Prior to the 1999 season, Diaz was posted by Hiroshima to the Cincinnati Reds. He signed a minor league contract with Cincinnati. Diaz played in the Reds' minor league system through 2003, without reaching the major leagues.
| 2023-12-09T01:35:54
|
# Alejandro Díaz (baseball)
**Alejandro Diaz Quezada** (previously known as **Alejandro Quezada**; born July 9, 1975) is a former professional baseball player. He is the first person to transfer from Nippon Professional Baseball to Major League Baseball through the posting system.
Diaz played for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in 1998. Prior to the 1999 season, Diaz was posted by Hiroshima to the Cincinnati Reds. He signed a minor league contract with Cincinnati. Diaz played in the Reds' minor league system through 2003, without reaching the major leagues.
## InfoBox
| Alejandro Diaz | |
| --- | --- |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1975-07-09) July 9, 1975<br>San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| | |
|
74,035,043
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Brown_(banker)
|
Alexander Brown (banker)
|
Alexander Brown, was an Irish merchant and banker. Beginning as a merchant trader, first of linen in Belfast, then of cotton and tobacco after migrating to Baltimore, Maryland, he later shifted his focus to financial services. He founded Alex. Brown & Sons, the oldest investment banking firm in the US, in 1800, and with his sons operated a network of banks in the US and England. He made his fortune from the transatlantic cotton trade, and was one of the first millionaires in the United States.
| 2024-05-03T01:37:18
|
# Alexander Brown (banker)
**Alexander Brown** (17 November 1764 – 4 April 1834), was an Irish merchant and banker. Beginning as a merchant trader, first of linen in Belfast, then of cotton and tobacco after migrating to Baltimore, Maryland, he later shifted his focus to financial services. He founded Alex. Brown & Sons, the oldest investment banking firm in the US, in 1800, and with his sons operated a network of banks in the US and England. He made his fortune from the transatlantic cotton trade, and was one of the first millionaires in the United States.
## Early life and emigration
Alexander Brown was born 17 November 1764 in Ballymena in County Antrim (now in Northern Ireland), one of four surviving children of William Brown and Margaret Brown (née Davison). As a young man, Brown achieved some success as a linen dealer and auctioneer in Belfast. In 1783 he married Grace Davison, possibly his cousin, from Drumnasole, County Antrim, and they had four surviving children, William (b. 30 May 1784), George (b. 17 April 1787), John (b. 21 May 1788), and James (b. 4 February 1791). These boys were sent to school with the Reverend J. Bradley in Yorkshire.
While there is no evidence that Brown was involved in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, he did go into hiding in its aftermath and, perhaps as a consequence of the resulting political and economic conditions in Ireland, he emigrated to the United States. Several years earlier Brown's brother-in-law, Dr George Brown, and his younger brother, Stewart, who had sold linen goods supplied by Alexander, had emigrated to Baltimore, Maryland. Thus it was to Baltimore, a growing port town of 26,514 people on the upper Chesapeake Bay, that Brown, his wife, and son William (the younger sons still in school in Yorkshire) sailed in 1800.
By 20 December Brown had established an address and his "Irish Linen Warehouse" and was able to publish in the *Federal Gazette* and *Baltimore Daily Advertiser* that he had for sale linen goods, three dozen mahogany chairs, and four clocks. This was the beginning of a thriving business for Alexander Brown & Company, importing general merchandise and Irish linens to Baltimore, the latter supplied by his cousin William Gihon and friends in Ulster, and exporting tobacco and cotton to Liverpool from the American south. In 1803 he brought his three younger sons to Baltimore, and by 1805 took William into partnership with him as Alexander Brown & Son; five years later George was included in the partnership to form Alexander Brown & Sons, the oldest such bank in the United States, which is currently partnered with Raymond James, a wealth management firm.
## Transatlantic businesses
Brown realised that Liverpool was the key to the transatlantic trade in which he was engaged, and in 1809 he sent William, who it was thought would also benefit from a less humid climate, to Liverpool to carry out shipping and merchandising arrangements for his father's interests. William founded a company in his own name in 1810, later changed to William & James Brown & Company, with his brother, and still later to Brown, Shipley & Company, with Joseph Shipley, an American who joined the firm in 1826 and who was instrumental in saving it during the Panic of 1837 by negotiating a £1,950,000 loan from the Bank of England. The Liverpool firm first functioned as an agent for Alexander Brown & Sons, purchasing linen and other goods and becoming a leading seller of cotton and tobacco.
Alexander Brown's initial business was based on trade in goods; he even acquired his own fleet of merchant ships. However, in the aftermath of the War of 1812, he realised that there was less risk and more money to be earned handling the finances of the transatlantic trade. As Brown began to provide financial services for other merchants, buying sterling bills from cotton and tobacco exporters in the American south and selling them to importers of British merchandise in Baltimore, the Liverpool operation became a vital link in the process of handling currency exchange and of providing credit for international commerce, that is, accepting (guaranteeing) bills of exchange, issuing letters of credit, and furnishing information on the financial reliability of firms engaged in the transatlantic trade. In 1863 offices were opened at Founders' Court, Lothbury, London and in 1888 the Liverpool operations were closed. Brown, Shipley continues in several British cities as part of Quintet Private Bank of Luxembourg.
Brown, with his experience in the linen trade, was poised to exploit the expanding cotton industry in the early nineteenth century. He appointed agents in the key southern cities of Petersburg, Charleston, Savannah, Huntsville, Mobile and New Orleans to facilitate the export of cotton. Baltimore had flourished during the years of the Napoleonic Wars; however, better port facilities and better access to inland markets made Philadelphia and New York increasingly thriving business centres for both imports and exports during the 1820s and 1830s. To take advantage of this evolving situation, the third son, John, was sent to Philadelphia in 1818 to found John A. Brown & Company (later Brown & Bowen); the youngest son, James, who had worked with William in Liverpool, went to New York in 1825 to found Brown Brothers & Company. James also opened a branch of Brown Brothers in Boston in 1844 and reorganised Brown & Bowen, of Philadelphia, into Brown Brothers in 1859. This bank, the oldest and largest private bank in the United States, still exists as Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (the merger with the Harriman bank taking place in 1931), with offices in several cities in the United States and overseas. These family banks created a financial network with a reputation for prudence and integrity that dominated credit, currency exchange, and shipping arrangements for British–American trade during the nineteenth century, overtaking Baring Brothers & Co. as the leading Anglo-American merchant bankers and carrying on into the twenty-first century.
## Other ventures
Alexander Brown and his son George were founders of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1827, one of the earliest railroads in the United States, which was intended to keep Baltimore competitive with New York after the completion of the Erie Canal. Alexander Brown was also a shareholder in the Second Bank of the United States, and when that bank was closed in 1836 the Browns were able to take a leading role in foreign exchange in the United States.
## Children
George Brown (1787–1859) married (1818) Isabella McLanahan of Baltimore. He retired from the bank in 1839 to pursue private financial affairs and to support such philanthropic activities in Baltimore as the Peabody Institute; he died on 26 August 1859.
William Brown (1784–1864) married (1809) Sara Gihon of Ballymena, was active in public life in Liverpool in addition to his work with Brown, Shipley. He was elected alderman in 1831, stood for parliament in 1844 as an Anti-Corn Law League candidate, and was elected MP in 1846, where he advocated free trade and decimal currency. In 1856 he raised and equipped the 1st Lancashire Artillery Volunteers, in which he served as lieutenant-colonel. In 1860 he opened the Free Public Library and Derby Museum in Liverpool, toward which he had contributed £60,000, and for which he was rewarded with a baronetcy in 1863. William Brown died on 21 May 1864.
John Alexander Brown (1788–1872) married (1813) Isabella Patrick of Ballymena and, after she died, Grace Brown, the daughter of Dr George Brown of Baltimore. He retired in 1837 and devoted himself to Presbyterian Church activities in Philadelphia; he died on 31 December 1872.
James Brown (1791–1877) married (1817) Louisa Kirkland Benedict; after she died, he married (1831) Eliza Maria Coe. He remained active in the affairs of Brown Brothers & Company till his death on 1 November 1877, during which time the New York bank emerged as the headquarters of the several firms. James Brown was a trustee of the New York Life Insurance Company and the Bank for Savings; he took a particular interest in Union Theological Seminary, of which he was a director, and he was involved in numerous charities.
## Death
Brown died on April 4, 1834 in Baltimore. At the time of his death, he was one of the first millionaires in the United States.
* Carroll, Francis M. (1 October 2009). "Brown, Alexander". *Dictionary of Irish Biography*. Royal Irish Academy. doi:10.3318/dib.001004.v1. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
## Content attribution
* *This article incorporates text by Francis M. Carroll/Dictionary of Irish Biography available under the CC BY 4.0 license.*
## InfoBox
| Alexander Brown | |
| --- | --- |
| Brown in an 1827 engraving by John Wesley Jarvis | |
| Born | (1764-11-17)17 November 1764<br>Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland |
| Died | 4 April 1834(1834-04-04) (aged 69)<br>Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Occupation(s) | Merchant, banker |
| Known for | Founder of Alexander Brown & Sons |
| Spouse | Grace Davison (m. 1783) |
| Children | 4+, including William and George |
| Relatives | John Crosby Brown (grandson) |
|
35,894,494
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandra_Negrini
|
Alessandra Negrini
|
Alessandra Vidal de Negreiros Negrini is a Brazilian actress. She is known for her roles in Brazilian telenovelas and films. She began her television career after starring in Olho no Olho (1993) playing the role of Clara. In film, her first role was Lília in the Four Days in September movie. This opened up gates for her as she has starred in over a dozen telenovelas and in television series since then. In telenovelas she is known for her roles in Desejos de Mulher (2002), Paraíso Tropical (2007), Lado a Lado (2012), Boogie Oogie (2014). Her portrayal of twins in Paraíso Tropical earned her accolades such as Minha Awards, Festival and Brasília Awards.
| 2024-08-03T22:05:45
|
# Alessandra Negrini
**Alessandra Vidal de Negreiros Negrini** (born 29 August 1970) is a Brazilian actress. She is known for her roles in Brazilian telenovelas and films. She began her television career after starring in *Olho no Olho* (1993) playing the role of Clara. In film, her first role was Lília in the *Four Days in September* movie. This opened up gates for her as she has starred in over a dozen telenovelas and in television series since then. In telenovelas she is known for her roles in *Desejos de Mulher* (2002), *Paraíso Tropical* (2007), *Lado a Lado* (2012), *Boogie Oogie* (2014).
Her portrayal of twins in *Paraíso Tropical* earned her accolades such as Minha Awards, Festival and Brasília Awards.
## Biography
The daughter of engineer Luiz Eduardo Osório Negrini, and pedagogue Neusa Vidal de Negreiros, who is descended from André Vidal de Negreiros, Alessandra, who has Portuguese and Italian ancestry, has a brother named Paulo Roberto, who spent his childhood and adolescence in Santos. At 18 she enrolled in a theater course, and at that time, was called to do tests on Rede Globo.
## Career
Her TV debut was in the telenovela *Olho no Olho*, Antônio Calmon. In 1995, she starred in the miniseries starring *Engraçadinha... Seus Amores e Seus Pecados*, based on the work of Nelson Rodrigues.
In 2000, she began playing Isabel Olinto in the critically acclaimed miniseries *A Muralha*, a tribute to 500 years in Brazil. Because of the sensual appeal of her character in the miniseries, she was featured on the cover of the Brazilian edition of Playboy magazine in April of that year. On February 3, 2000, Negrini was arrested for taking her three-year-old son Antônio to a Leblon showing of *Sleepy Hollow* which was rated 18+ by the Brazilian advisory rating system.
In 2002, Negrini received accolades for voicing the villain Selma in a recording of the novel *Desejos de Mulher* by Euclydes Marinho. In 2003, he participated in the children's series *Sítio do Picapau Amarelo*, playing Rapunzel. In 2004, she made an appearance on the soap opera *Celebridade*, Gilberto Braga. In the theater, she attended parts of *Os Credores* and *A Gaivota*, in which she traveled to Europe, Canada and Japan.
In 2006, she participated, as the socialite, Yedda Schidmt, from the miniseries *JK*, which tells the story of Juscelino Kubitschek.
In 2007, she starred in the soap opera *Paraíso Tropical*. In the plot, the actress played the twin sisters Paula and Taís. The same year she premiered the film *Cleópatra*, Júlio Bressane, for which she won the best actress award at the Festival de Brasília. In 2008, she appeared in two more films: *A Erva do Rato*, of Júlio Bressane and *No Retrovisor* of Mauro Mendonça Filho.
Negrini returned to television in 2010 to participate in the series *S.O.S. Emergência* and *As Cariocas*.
In 2011, Negrini returned to the stage alongside Karin Rodrigues, to stage the play *A Senhora de Dubuque*, a text by Edward Albee. And was in the movie *O Abismo Prateado* and *TokyoShow*.
In 2012, she participated in the new version of the play *A Propósito de Senhorita Júlia*. The story takes place in Brazil at the beginning of the 21st century. In the same year, she starred in *Lado a Lado*, playing opera singer Catarina Ribeiro.
In 2014, Alessandra played Susana in *Boogie Oogie*, the novel by Rui Vilhena, replacing *Meu Pedacinho de Chão*. From October to December 2017, it is in poster with the piece the *A Volta ao Lar*, directed by Regina Duarte.
In 2018 returns the television interpreting the villain Susana in the novel *Orgulho e Paixão*. The character works for Julieta (Gabriela Duarte), a woman who has grown rich with coffee, and will do anything to become as powerful as her.
## Personal life
Negrini was married to actor Murilo Benício from 1998 to 1999. They have one son, actor Antônio Benício.
She was also married to singer Otto from 2001 to 2008, with whom she has one daughter, Betina (born 2003).
## Filmography
### Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | *Retrato de Mulher* | Bruna | Participation |
| | *Olho no Olho* | Clara | |
| 1994 | *Você Decide* | | Episode: "Anjo Vingador" |
| 1995 | *Engraçadinha... Seus Amores e Seus Pecados* | Engraçadinha (young) | Phase 1 |
| | *Cara e Coroa* | Natália Santoro | |
| 1996 | *A Comédia da Vida Privada* | | Episode: "O Grande Amor da Minha Vida'" |
| 1997 | *Anjo Mau* | Paula Novaes | |
| 1998 | *Meu Bem Querer* | Rebeca Maciel | |
| 2000 | *A Muralha* | Isabel Olinto | |
| | *Brava Gente* | Natália | Episode: "Armas e Corações" |
| 2001 | *Os Normais* | Sílvia | Episode: "Estresse é Normal" |
| 2002 | *Desejos de Mulher* | Selma Dumont | |
| 2003 | *Sítio do Picapau Amarelo* | Rapunzel | Season 3 |
| 2004 | *Celebridade* | Marília Prudente da Costa | Episode dated 8 April 2004 |
| 2006 | *JK* | Yedda Ovalle Schidmt | |
| 2007 | *Paraíso Tropical* | Paula Viana and Taís Grimaldi | |
| 2008 | *Casseta & Planeta, Urgente!* | Various characters | Episode: "August 26, 2008" |
| 2009 | *A Turma do Didi* | Herself | Episode: "July 26, 2009" |
| 2010 | *S.O.S. Emergência* | Sílvia | Episode: "Pegar ou Largar" |
| | *As Cariocas* | Marta | Episode: "A Iludida de Copacabana" |
| | *Tal Filho, Tal Pai* | Barbara Leão | Special End of Year |
| 2012 | *Lado a Lado* | Catarina Ribeiro | |
| 2014 | *Boogie Oogie* | Susana Bueno | |
| 2016 | *Lúcia McCartney* | Júlia | |
| 2017 | *Angeli The Killer* | Mara Tara | Dubbing |
| 2018 | *Orgulho e Paixão* | Susana Adonato | |
| 2021 | *Invisible City* | Inês | Main cast |
### Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Four Days in September* | Lília | |
| 2001 | *Um Crime Nobre* | Mônica Andrade | |
| 2004 | *Sexo, Amor e Traição* | Andréa | |
| 2007 | *Cleópatra* | Cleopatra | |
| 2008 | *Os Desafinados* | Luíza | |
| | *No Retrovisor* | | |
| | *A Erva do Rato* | She | |
| 2011 | *TokyoShow* | Barbra Scott | Short film |
| | *O Abismo Prateado* | Violeta | |
| 2012 | *2 Coelhos* | Júlia | |
| | *O Gorila* | Rosalinda | |
| 2013 | *DreamWaves – Antena dos Sonhos* | She | |
| 2016 | *Beduino* | Woman | |
| 2017 | *Eu Fico Loko* | Lilian Figueiredo | |
| 2018 | *Mulheres Alteradas* | Marinati | |
## Theater
| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *O Beijo no Asfalto* | Selminha |
| 2003 | *Credores* | Tekla |
| 2008 | *A Gaivota* | A Gaivota |
| 2011 | *A Senhora de Dubuque* | Jo |
| 2012 | *A Propósito de Senhorita Júlia* | Júlia |
| 2016 | *Sonata Fantasma Bandeirante* | Woman |
| 2017 | *A Volta Ao Lar* | Ruth |
|
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Category | Awards | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | Best Female Revelation | APCA Awards | *Engraçadinha... Seus Amores e Seus Pecados* | Nominated | |
| 1995 | | Troféu Imprensa Awards | | Nominated | |
| 2002 | Best Actress | Contigo! Awards | *Desejos de Mulher* | Nominated | |
| | Best Villain | | | Won | |
| 2006 | Best Romantic Actress | | *JK* | Nominated | |
| 2007 | Best Actress | APCA Awards | *Paraíso Tropical* | Nominated | |
| | | Troféu Imprensa | | Nominated | |
| | | Contigo! Awards | | Nominated | |
| | | Best Romantic couple with Fábio Assunção | | |
| | | Best Actress | | Arte Qualidade Awards | |
| | Best Actress | Melhores do Ano Awards | | Nominated | |
| | Extra de Televisão Awards | | | |
| | Best Actress (voted by fans) | Minha Awards | | Won | |
| | | | | Best Actress (voted by Jury) | |
| | | | | The Sexiest | |
| | Best Actress | Quem Awards | | Nominated | |
| | Festival de Brasília Awards | *Cléopatra* | Won | |
| | | 2008 | Contigo de Cinema Awards | Nominated | |
| | | | Quem de Cinema Awards | |
| | 2011 | Havana Festival (Cuba) | *O Abismo Prateado* | Won | |
| | 2012 | Los Angeles Brazilian Film Festival | | *2 Coelhos* | |
| | Best Co-starring Actress | Rio Festival | | *O Gorila* | |
## InfoBox
| Alessandra Negrini | |
| --- | --- |
| Negrini in 2016 | |
| Born | Alessandra Vidal de Negreiros Negrini<br>(1970-08-29) 29 August 1970<br>São Paulo, Brazil |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Partner(s) | Murilo Benício (1995–1999)<br>Marcos Palmeira (1999–2000)<br>Otto (2001–2008)<br>Sérgio Guizé (2010–2012) |
| Children | 2 |
|
13,590,851
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_School_(Chicago)
|
Alexander Graham Bell School (Chicago)
|
Alexander Graham Bell School, also known as Bell School is a public school located in the North Center neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States; it is a part of the Chicago Public Schools. It offers grades kindergarten through grade eight. It also has a deaf department for students in preschool through grade eight and additionally a Regional Gifted Center (Options) for students in grades kindergarten through eight. The elementary school was founded in 1917 with 24 classrooms for hearing students and 15 classrooms for deaf students, after the Chicago School Board allocated US$285,000 for it in 1915. The school, one of the largest built in the Chicago Public School system at the time, was dedicated on April 1, 1918, by its name source Alexander Graham Bell, advocate of education for deaf students.
| 2024-07-28T15:39:02
|
# Alexander Graham Bell School (Chicago)
**Alexander Graham Bell School**, also known as **Bell School** is a public school located in the North Center neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States; it is a part of the Chicago Public Schools. It offers grades kindergarten through grade eight. It also has a deaf department for students in preschool through grade eight and additionally a Regional Gifted Center (Options) for students in grades kindergarten through eight.
The elementary school was founded in 1917 with 24 classrooms for hearing students and 15 classrooms for deaf students, after the Chicago School Board allocated US$285,000 for it in 1915 (approximately $8,580,000 in current dollars).
The school, one of the largest built in the Chicago Public School system at the time, was dedicated on April 1, 1918, by its name source Alexander Graham Bell, advocate of education for deaf students.
## Sports
Bell School offers a variety of sports, including basketball, cross country, flag football, soccer, softball, track and field and volleyball.
## Special events
Since 2003, Martyrs', a music venue on Lincoln Avenue, has hosted "Bands for Bell" where Bell parent bands play as a fundraiser for Bell.
## InfoBox
| Bell School | |
| --- | --- |
| Alexander Graham Bell Elementary School, Chicago, May 1919 | |
| Location | |
| | |
| 3730 North Oakley Avenue<br>Chicago, Illinois<br>United States | |
| Coordinates | 41°56′58″N 87°41′12″W / 41.9494444°N 87.6866667°W / 41.9494444; -87.6866667 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public Elementary |
| Established | 1917 |
| School district | 299 |
| Principal | Kathleen Miller |
| Faculty | 50+ |
| Grades | -8 |
| Enrollment | 960 |
| Campus | City |
| Color(s) | Red, White and Black |
| Mascot | Blaze |
| Website | http://bell.cps.edu/ |
|
7,043,601
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Brailowsky
|
Alexander Brailowsky
|
Alexander Brailowsky was a Russian and French pianist who specialised in the works of Frédéric Chopin. He was a leading concert pianist in the years between the two World Wars.
| 2024-07-28T02:50:48
|
# Alexander Brailowsky
**Alexander Brailowsky** (16 February 1896 – 25 April 1976) was a Russian and French pianist who specialised in the works of Frédéric Chopin. He was a leading concert pianist in the years between the two World Wars.
## Early life
Brailowsky was born in Kiev, then part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family, and as a boy, he studied piano with his father, a professional pianist. When he was 8, he studied in Kiev with Vladimir Puchalsky, a pupil of Theodor Leschetizky. At the age of 18, he attended Kiev Conservatory, graduating with a gold medal in 1911. He went on to study with Leschetizky in Vienna until 1914, then with Ferruccio Busoni in Zürich, and finally with Francis Planté in Paris. He became a French citizen in 1926.
## Career
Brailowsky made his concert debut in Paris in 1919.
Brailowsky programmed all 160 piano pieces by Frédéric Chopin for playing in a series of six concerts. In 1924, he gave a recital in Paris of the complete cycle of the works of Chopin, the first in history, using the composer's own piano for part of the recital. He then went on to present a further thirty cycles of Chopin's music in Paris, Brussels, Zurich, Mexico City, Buenos Aires and Montevideo. A highly successful world tour followed. Brailowsky's American debut was at Aeolian Hall in New York City in 1924.
He toured the United States in 1936. During a series of nineteen recitals in Buenos Aires, he never repeated a single work.
During World War II, he gave recitals for the USO. In 1960, he played the Chopin cycle again in Paris, and in Brussels in honor of the 150th anniversary of Chopin's birth.
Between 1925 and 1930 he recorded at least twenty three works for the Ampico reproducing pianos, preserving his earliest recorded legacy in this medium.
Brailowsky's first audio recordings were produced in Berlin from 1928 to 1934 and released on 78 rpm discs. In 1938, he recorded in London for HMV. Later discs were produced for RCA Victor and, in the 1960s, for CBS. Besides his huge output of Chopin, his repertoire also included Rachmaninoff, Saint-Saëns, Liszt, Debussy and others.
## Death
Brailowsky died in New York City at the age of 80 from complications brought on by pneumonia. His wife Felicia Brailowsky died in 1993. He and his wife are buried on the Mount Judah Cemetery in Ridgewood, Queens.
## Technique
Brailowsky said that the technique used to play Chopin's music should be "fluent, fluid, delicate, airy, and capable of great variety of color."
## Selected recordings
* *Chopin: The Fourteen Waltzes* (Columbia MS-6228)
* *Chopin: The Complete Mazurkas Vol. 1* (Columbia)
* *Chopin: The Complete Mazurkas Vol. 2* (Columbia)
* *A Chopin Recital* (Columbia MS-6569)
* *Chopin Nocturnes Vol. 1*
* *Chopin Nocturnes Vol. 2*
* *Chopin Polonaises* (Columbia)
* *Chopin: The 24 Preludes* (Columbia MS-6119)
* *Chopin: Concerto No. 1 in E Minor. Op. 11*
* *Chopin: The Complete Etudes* (RCA)
* *Chopin Concerto No. 1, Liszt: Todtentanz* (Columbia)
* *Brailowsky Plays Liszt* (RCA LM1772)
* *Liszt: 15 Hungarian Rhapsodies*
* *Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2* (RCA)
San Francisco Symphony Orchestra Enrique Jorda, conductor
* Schumann: Etudes Symphoniques (RCA)
* Chopin: Sonata in B Minor Op. 58 (HMV DB 3701)
* Chopin: Waltzes (Volume 1) \*Op. 18 \*Op. 34, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 \*Op. 42 \*Op. 64, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (Victor Red Seal Records M863)
|
53,025,883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Jeremiah_Orenstein
|
Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein
|
Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein was a Russian-born naturalized American general and military doctor. Orenstein worked in the Panama Canal Zone and South Africa, on the eradication and treatment of tropical disease, and founded a series of lectures which bears his name.
| 2023-04-18T00:18:01
|
# Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein
**Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein** CB CMG CBE (26 September 1879 7 July 1972) was a Russian-born naturalized American general and military doctor.
Orenstein worked in the Panama Canal Zone and South Africa, on the eradication and treatment of tropical disease, and founded a series of lectures which bears his name.
## Life
Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein was born in Odessa, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire in 1879 to Joseph Orenstein and his wife Mary (née Jarkowsky). He became a naturalized US citizen in 1905, and two years later he married Marie G. Sabsevich in New York.
In the years 190512 Orenstein worked with General Gorgas in the Panama Canal Zone, where he assisted in the eradication of malaria and yellow fever during the building of the Panama Canal. In 1913 he was invited by Gorgas to work in German East Africa, and the next year, also with Gorgas, he worked in Johannesburg for Rand Mines Ltd. to reduce the high incidence of pneumonia and tuberculosis among miners. He lived in a house near the University of the Witwatersrand now known as the Villa d'Este. He remained in South Africa until his death. During both world wars Orenstein was director general of medical services in the South African defence forces, becoming first a Brigadier, then a Major General.
## AJ Orenstein Memorial Lectures
In 1962, Orenstein delivered the first of a series of annual lectures at the inception of the Adler Museum of Medicine of the University of the Witwatersrand. There were AJ Orenstein Lectures from 1967 to 1971. In 1972, after Orenstein's death, the name was changed to the AJ Orenstein Memorial Lecture, to commemorate his work for the health service of the mining industry, and lectures have since been held nearly every year on a wide range of subjects included under health care.
## Awards
Academic
* MD
* DSc Phila (1905)
* MRCS LRCP (1916)
* LLD Wits (1931)
* MD Jefferson (1920)
* MRCP (1938)
* FRCP (1946)
* Hon FRSM
* Hon FRSTMH
Military
## Bibliography
* A. P. Cartwright, *Golden Age*, Purnell (1968)
* A. P. Cartwright, *South Africa's Hall of Fame*, Central News Agency (1958)
## InfoBox
| Major General<br>Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein<br>CB CMG CBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Alexander Jeremiah Orenstein |
| Born | (1879-09-26)September 26, 1879<br>Russian Empire |
| Died | July 7, 1972(1972-07-07) (aged 92)<br>South Africa |
| Allegiance | |
| Service/branch | South African Medical Services |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | Director General Medical Services |
| Wars | |
| Awards | |
| Spouse(s) | Marie G. Sabsevich (m. 1907) |
| Other work | Lecturer |
|
17,013,052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Vlahu%C8%9B%C4%83,_Vaslui
|
Alexandru Vlahuță, Vaslui
|
Alexandru Vlahuță is a commune in Vaslui County, Western Moldavia, Romania. The commune is named for native son, writer Alexandru Vlahuță (1858-1919). It is composed of four villages: Alexandru Vlahuță, Buda, Ghicani and Morăreni. It also administers Dealu Secării and Florești villages, legally part of Poienești Commune. Moreover, it included Ibănești, Mânzați and Puțu Olarului villages until 2003, when these were split off to form Ibănești Commune.
| 2021-06-16T09:43:34
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# Alexandru Vlahuță, Vaslui
**Alexandru Vlahuță** (formerly *Pleșești*) is a commune in Vaslui County, Western Moldavia, Romania. The commune is named for native son, writer Alexandru Vlahuță (1858-1919). It is composed of four villages: Alexandru Vlahuță, Buda, Ghicani and Morăreni. It also administers Dealu Secării and Florești villages, legally part of Poienești Commune. Moreover, it included Ibănești, Mânzați and Puțu Olarului villages until 2003, when these were split off to form Ibănești Commune.
## InfoBox
| Alexandru Vlahuță | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location in Vaslui County | |
| Alexandru VlahuțăLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 46°25′N 27°38′E / 46.417°N 27.633°E / 46.417; 27.633 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Vaslui |
| Subdivisions | Alexandru Vlahuță, Buda, Florești, Ghicani, Morăreni |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202024) | Dănuț Cojocaru (PNL) |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 1,333 |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 737010 |
| Vehicle reg. | VS |
|
13,255,862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa-juku
|
Kanagawa-juku
|
Kanagawa-juku was the third of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It was located in Kanagawa-ku in the present-day city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It was close to Kanagawa Port. Many of its historical artifacts were destroyed by the Great Kantō earthquake and bombings during World War II.
| 2019-09-24T07:04:51
|
# Kanagawa-juku
**Kanagawa-juku** (神奈川宿, *Kanagawa-juku*) was the third of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It was located in Kanagawa-ku in the present-day city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It was close to Kanagawa Port. Many of its historical artifacts were destroyed by the Great Kantō earthquake and bombings during World War II.
## History
Kanagawa-juku was established parallel to Kanagawa Port and it flourished as part of the route that goods traveled on the way to Sagami Province. Though the area had officially been designated as the place for the port to be opened, it was actually opened on the opposite shore in what is now Naka-ku, Yokohama.
After the country was opened to international trade, the center of commerce was moved to the opposite shore as well. In 1889, the town of Kanagawa was established, and it eventually merged into Yokohama in 1901.
## Neighboring post towns
Tōkaidō Kawasaki-juku \- **Kanagawa-juku** \- Hodogaya-juku
Media related to Kanagawa-juku at Wikimedia Commons
|
55,923,243
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Kazakhstan_President_Cup_(football)
|
2017 Kazakhstan President Cup (football)
|
The 10th Kazakhstan President Cup was played from September 4 to September 8, 2017 in Talgar and Almaty. 8 youth teams participated in the tournament
| 2023-02-05T01:26:30
|
# 2017 Kazakhstan President Cup (football)
**The 10th Kazakhstan President Cup** was played from September 4 to September 8, 2017 in Talgar and Almaty. 8 youth teams participated in the tournament (players were born no earlier than 2001.)
## Participants
| Team | Group | Result | Participation in a tournament | In a row | Last participation | The best result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albania | A | 5th | 2 | 2 | 2016 | 4th (2016) |
| Georgia | A | 2nd | 6 | 1 | 2015 | 2nd (2014) |
| Kazakhstan | А | 4th | 7 | 7 | 2016 | Winner (2013; 2016) |
| Kazakhstan-2 | B | 7th | 1 | 1 | debut | debut |
| Kyrgyzstan | A | 8th | 5 | 5 | 2016 | 6th (2013;2014; 2016) |
| Russia | B | **Winner** | 2 | 1 | 2015 | 5th (2015) |
| Tajikistan | B | 6th | 4 | 4 | 2016 | 2nd (2016) |
| Uzbekistan | B | 3rd | 2 | 1 | 2011 | 8th (2011) |
## Venues
The match of the final took place at the Central Stadium in Almaty. Other matches took place at Field's №1 and №2 in Talgar.
| Almaty | |
| --- | --- |
| Central Stadium | Central Stadium |
| Attendance: **23 804** | |
| | |
| Talgar | |
| --- | --- |
| Field №1 | Field №1 |
| Attendance: **1 000** | |
| | |
| Talgar | |
| --- | --- |
| Field №2 | Field №2 |
| Attendance: **1 000** | |
| | |
## Format
The tournament is held in two stages. At the first stage, eight teams are divided into two qualification groups (A and B). Competitions of the first stage were held on a circular system. The winners of the groups advance to the final, while the group runners-up meet to determine third place.
## Squads
## Group stage
*All times UTC+6*
### Group A
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Georgia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 5 | +11 | **7** |
| Kazakhstan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 4 | +3 | **7** |
| Albania | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | **3** |
| Kyrgyzstan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 10 | **0** |
| Albania | 0 5 | Georgia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | report | Nonikashvili 12', 40+1'<br>Davitashvili 39'<br>Guliashvili 49'<br>Jangveladze 80+2' |
Field №2, Talgar
---
| Kazakhstan | 1 0 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Savchenko 30' | report | |
Field №1, Talgar
---
| Georgia | 7 1 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Davitashvili 7', 44' (pen.) 47'<br>Kvarkheladze 14', 29'<br>Guliashvili 54'<br>Lomtadze 62' | report | Yesim 68' (pen.) |
Field №1, Talgar
---
| Kazakhstan | 2 0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Zhaksylykov 75' <br>Zakariya 80+2' | report | |
Field №1, Talgar
---
| Kyrgyzstan | 1 4 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kerezbekov 16' | report | Arapi 4', 40'<br>Shima 36'<br>Kuqi 38' |
Field №1, Talgar
---
| Kazakhstan | 4 4 | Georgia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Shamil 50' <br>Savchenko 57', 70'<br>Shvyryov 71' | report | Davitashvili 15', 61'<br>Kvarkheladze 17'<br>Nurseit (o.g.) 30 |
Field №1, Talgar
### Group B
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Russia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | +13 | **9** |
| Uzbekistan | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | **4** |
| Tajikistan | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | **3** |
| Kazakhstan-2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 15 | **1** |
| Tajikistan | 6 0 | Kazakhstan -2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sharipov 14', 20'<br>Emomali 33'<br>Zoirov 45'<br>Saidov 57', 72' | report | |
Field №2, Talgar
---
| Russia | 2 0 | Uzbekistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Timur Melekestsev 48'<br>Klimov 72' | report | |
Field №1, Talgar
---
| Kazakhstan -2 | 0 9 | Russia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | report | Iurchenko 24'<br>Timur Melekestsev 37'<br>Sharkov 61'<br>Klimov 69', 71'<br>Markitesov 75'<br>Petrov 80+2' |
Field №2, Talgar
---
| Uzbekistan | 3 1 | Tajikistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abdulsalomov 27' <br>Roziyev 40+2'<br>Halimov 70' | report | Emomali 50' |
Field №2, Talgar
---
| Kazakhstan -2 | 2 2 | Uzbekistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gerasimov 4', 48' | report | 58', 80+2' Roziyev |
Field №2, Talgar
---
| Russia | 2 0 | Tajikistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Klimov 40+1' <br>Chernyakov 67' | report | |
Field №2, Talgar
## Match for 7th place
| Kazakhstan-2 | 2 1 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Madelkhan 54' <br>Neumyvakin 75' | | 23' Kerezbekov |
Field №1, Talgar
## Match for 5th place
| Albania | 3 1 | Tajikistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Morino 19'<br>Bojanaj 33'<br>Mazari 79' (pen.) | | 48' (pen.) Rahmatov |
Field №2, Talgar
## Bronze medal match
| Kazakhstan | 1 4 | Uzbekistan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Zakariya 22' | | 6' Ergashev<br>7' Sabirov<br>19' Abdumutalov<br>24' Roziyev |
Field №1, Talgar
## Final
| Russia | 1 1 | Georgia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vorotnikov 21' | | 2' Kvartshelia |
| Penalties | | |
| Bekmukhamedov <br>Nikitenkov <br>Prokhin <br>Markitesov <br>Timur Melekestsev | 5 4 | Nunikashvili<br>Shalikashvili<br>Guliashvili<br>Davitashvili<br>Kvartshelia |
Central, AlmatyAttendance: 2,000
## Statistics
### Goalscorers
6 goals 4 goals 3 goals 2 goals 1 goal
### Awards
* **The best player of a tournament**
Georgia Khvicha Kvaratskhelia
* **Goalscorer of a tournament**
Georgia Zuriko Davitashvili (6 goals)
* **The best goalkeeper of a tournament**
Russia Sergei Yeshchenko
* **The best defender of a tournament**
Russia Danila Prokhin
* **The best midfielder of a tournament**
Kazakhstan Khamit Shamil
* **The best forward of a tournament**
Uzbekistan Ruslan Roziyev
### Prize money
According to FFK, the prize fund of a tournament will make 15,000. "The teams which took 1, 2 and 3 place will be received, respectively 7,000, 5,000 and 3,000 .
## InfoBox
2017 Kazakhstan President Cup
| Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің Кубогы<br>2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Kazakhstan |
| Dates | 4 – 8 September 2017 (5 days) |
| Teams | 8 (from 2 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 3 (in 2 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Russia (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Georgia |
| Third place | Uzbekistan |
| Fourth place | Kazakhstan |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 16 |
| Goals scored | 70 (4.38 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Zuriko Davitashvili<br>(6 goals) |
| Best player(s) | Khvicha Kvaratskhelia |
| Best goalkeeper | Sergei Yeshchenko |
|
|
7,244,460
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th/Archer_station
|
35th/Archer station
|
35th/Archer is an 'L' station on the CTA's Orange Line, located in the McKinley Park neighborhood. The station has a Park 'n' Ride lot with 70 spaces.
| 2024-04-01T15:33:51
|
# 35th/Archer station
**35th/Archer** is an 'L' station on the CTA's Orange Line, located in the McKinley Park neighborhood. The station has a Park 'n' Ride lot with 70 spaces.
## Bus connections
**CTA**
* 35 31st/35th
* 39 Pershing
* 50 Damen
* 62 Archer (Owl Service)
## InfoBox
| 35th/Archer 2200W<br>3500S | |
| --- | --- |
| Chicago 'L' rapid transit station | |
| Midway-bound train at 35th/Archer station in 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3528 South Leavitt Street <br>Chicago, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°49′46″N 87°40′50″W / 41.829353°N 87.680622°W / 41.829353; -87.680622 |
| Owned by | Chicago Transit Authority |
| Line(s) | Midway Branch |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Embankment |
| Parking | 70 spaces |
| Bicycle facilities | Yes |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | October 31, 1993 (1993-10-31) |
| Passengers | |
| | |
| 2020 | 326,259 63.6% |
| Rank | 73 out of 143 |
| | |
| | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Chicago "L" Following station Westerntoward Midway Orange Line Ashlandtoward Loop<br>(Library) | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Location | |
|
30,945,849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Arunachal_Pradesh_by_population
|
List of cities in Arunachal Pradesh by population
| 2024-08-28T15:29:52
|
# List of cities in Arunachal Pradesh by population
## Cities and Towns in Changlang District
## Cities and Towns in Dibang Valley District
* Alinye
* Anelih
* Anini
* Etalin
## Cities and Towns in East Kameng District
* Bameng
* Bana
* Chyangtajo
* Khenewa
* Lada
* P.kessang
* Palizi
* Pipu-dipu
* Seijosa
* Seppa
* Thrizino
* Veo
## Cities and Towns of East Siang District
* Adipasi
* Ayeng
* Balek
* Bilat
* Boleng
* Borguli
* Dalbing
* Damro
* Debing
* Gtc
* Hill Top
* Kebang
* Korang
* Koyu
* Ledum
* Mebo
* Namsing
* Nari
* Ngopok
* Oyan
* Pangin
* Pasighat
* Rani
* Renging
* Riga
* Ruksin
* Sille
* Silluk
* Sirem
* Yagrung
* Mirem
* Mikong
* Debing
* Miglung
## Cities and Towns in Kurung Kumey District
## Cities and Towns in Lohit District
* Alubari
*
*
* Chakma
* Changliang
* Chowkham
* Danglat
* Gohaingaon
* Innao
* Jaipur
* Kamlang Nagar
* Kherem
* Kumari Kachari
* Kumsai
* Lathao
* Lohitpur
* Loiliang
* Mahadevpur
* Manmao
* Medo
* Momong
* Namsai
* Nanam
* Peyong
* Podumani
* Sunpura
* Tafragram
* Tezu
* Tezu Covt.college
* Tindolong
* Udaipur
* Wakro
* Wingko
* Yealing
## Cities and Towns of Lower Dibang Valley District
* Abango
* Anupam
* Bijari
* Bolung
* Bomjir
* Dambuk
* Desali
* Elopa
* Hunli
* Iduli
* Jia
* Koranu
* Kronli
* Meka
* Paglam
* Parbuk
* Roing
* Santipur
## Cities and Towns of Lower Subansiri District
## Cities and Towns of Papum Pare District
## Cities and Towns of Tawang District
* B.supply
* Damteng
* Gispu
* Jang
* Kitpi
* Lhou
* Lumberdung
* Lumla
* Mukto
* Sakpret
* Tawang
* Temple Gompa
* Thingbu
* Zimithang
## Cities and Towns of Tirap District
* Borduria
* Dadam
* Deomali
* Hukanjuri
* K/nokno
* Kaimai
* Kanubari
* Kapu
* Khela
* Kheti
* Khonsa
* Khonsa Basti
* Khotnu
* Lazu
* Longding
* Longfong
* Minthong
* Nampong
* Namsang
* Namsang Mukh
* Narottam Nagar
* Nginu
* Niausa
* Panchou
* Senewa
* Soha
* Thinsa
* Tissa
* Tupi
* Valley View
* Wakka
## Cities and Towns of Upper Siang District
* Geku
* Gelling
* Karko
* Mariyang
* Migging
* Shimong
* Singa
* Tuting
* Yingkiong
## Cities and Towns of Upper Subansiri District
## Cities and Towns of West Kameng District
## Cities and Towns in West Siang District
|
|
12,946,994
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inafa%27maolek
|
Inafa'maolek
|
Inafa'maolek is a charitable organisation which works on the island of Guam. The non-profit making organisation aims to tackle social problems such as domestic violence. The organisation also works with young people doing workshops on issues such as eating disorders, bullying, suicide and sexual harassment.
| 2024-09-04T08:22:25
|
# Inafa'maolek
**Inafa'maolek** is a charitable organisation which works on the island of Guam. The non-profit making organisation aims to tackle social problems such as domestic violence. The organisation also works with young people doing workshops on issues such as eating disorders, bullying, suicide and sexual harassment.
1. KUAM Printable News: Inafa’ Maolek hosts conflict resolution seminar
2. "Inafa' Maolek Official Website". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
|
58,588,245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camila_Gonzalez
|
Camila Gonzalez
|
Camila Gonzalez is a Colombian-Canadian tv host, producer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss International Canada 2018 and represented her country at Miss International 2018. known for hosting the Serie A Halftime Show on TLN and as an entertainment and community news reporter on Univision Canada.
| 2024-09-24T01:19:31
|
# Camila Gonzalez
**Camila Gonzalez** (born July 7, 1997) is a Colombian-Canadian tv host, producer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss International Canada 2018 and represented her country at Miss International 2018. known for hosting the Serie A Halftime Show on TLN and as an entertainment and community news reporter on Univision Canada.
## Personal life
Gonzalez was born in Cali, Colombia, and raised in Brampton, Ontario. She studied journalism at Toronto Metropolitan University, and has worked in radio and television broadcasting in Canada since the age of 14. Prior to joining TLN, she hosted the morning Spanish news show on 88.9FM, and started the Latin Top 25 at ONDAS FM, where she interviewed Bad Bunny. The viral video amassed over 4 million views and kick started her career as an entertainment reporter.
## Television
Joining the channel in 2018, she started with Univision Canada's red carpet coverage of Premio Lo Nuestro, the Latin Grammys and the Billboard Latin Music Awards. She has interviewed Latin Music's biggest stars including J Balvin, Anitta, Karol G, Rauw Alejandro, Romeo Santos and more.
She was a part of the TLN team covering the multilingual broadcast of the 2018 Winter Olympics.
She has travelled across Italy with the Serie A Halftime Show to produce segments about top Serie A teams, players and the country’s calcio culture. Some of her notable interviews include S.S.C. Napoli’s Aurelio De Laurentiis, Victor Osimhen and Carlo Ancelotti; AC Milan's Davide Calabria, Fikayo Tomori and Tijjani Reijnders; Inter Milan's Lautaro Martinez and Federico Chiesa and Arek Milik from Juventus. During the 2023 US Soccer Champions Tour, she also hosted an exclusive interview with Thibaut Courtois from Real Madrid.
Gonzalez won a Google News Initiative Award in Multimedia Journalism for her participation in the project “Hong Kong 360.” The multimedia project was produced by undergrad and grad students from Ryerson University’s journalism program from May to June 2018 in Hong Kong.
## Documentary
As her first project with TLN Studios, Gonzalez produced Heart of Goal: The Rise of Canadian Soccer. The feature-length documentary follows the Canadian Men's National Soccer Team as they qualify for the 2022 World Cup. The film highlights the immigrant stories behind the team's success, with appearances by Jonathan Osorio, Cyle Larin, Doneil Henry, Melissa Tancredi, Tosaint Ricketts and more. The film premiered at Scotiabank Theatre in downtown Toronto and on TLN nationwide in October 2022.
## Pageantry
Gonzalez placed 1st runner-up at Miss Universe Canada 2018 and was crowned Miss International Canada 2018. The winner was Marta Stepien, who also preceded Gonzalez as Miss International Canada 2017.
Gonzalez represented Canada at Miss International 2018 on November 9, 2018 in Tokyo, Japan.
## InfoBox
| Camila Gonzalez | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Born | (1997-07-07) July 7, 1997<br>Cali, Colombia |
| Alma mater | Toronto Metropolitan University |
| Occupation(s) | TV Host and Producer |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss International Canada 2018 |
| Years active | 2014 - Present |
| Major<br>competition(s) | Miss International Canada 2018<br>(Winner)<br>Miss International 2018<br>(Unplaced) |
| | |
|
72,375,178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraxinus_papillosa
|
Fraxinus papillosa
|
Fraxinus papillosa, the Chihuahuan ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to the deserts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. A small tree, it usually is found growing in canyon bottoms and on north-facing slopes.
| 2024-02-22T10:03:58
|
# Fraxinus papillosa
***Fraxinus papillosa***, the **Chihuahuan ash**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to the deserts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. A small tree, it usually is found growing in canyon bottoms and on north-facing slopes.
## InfoBox
| *Fraxinus papillosa* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Genus: | *Fraxinus* |
| Species: | ***F. papillosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fraxinus papillosa***<br>Lingelsh. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Fraxinus velutina* var. *papillosa* (Lingelsh.) A.E.Murray * *Fraxinus velutina* subsp. *papillosa* (Lingelsh.) A.E.Murray | |
|
49,871,038
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%26SWR_540_Class
|
G&SWR 540 Class
|
The Glasgow and South Western Railway 540 Class were 4-6-4T steam tank locomotives designed by Robert Whitelegg and built in 1922, shortly before the G&SWR was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). They were referred to in official G&SWR publicity as the Baltic Class, although they were also known more prosaically to enginemen as the 'Big Pugs'.
| 2022-12-02T13:02:01
|
# G&SWR 540 Class
The **Glasgow and South Western Railway 540 Class** were 4-6-4T steam tank locomotives designed by Robert Whitelegg and built in 1922, shortly before the G&SWR was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). They were referred to in official G&SWR publicity as the **Baltic Class**, although they were also known more prosaically to enginemen as the 'Big Pugs'.
## Overview
The G&SWR had historically favoured small tender locomotives for almost all duties other than light shunting, and prior to the delivery of the Baltics its only passenger tank engines were 14 small 0-4-4Ts built for suburban services. However, Robert Whitelegg had previously served as Locomotive Superintendent of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway which made almost exclusive use of tank engines on its heavy commuter traffic, and he brought this experience with him when he joined the G&SWR as Chief Mechanical Engineer in 1919. During his time at the LT&SR Whitelegg had designed the first 4-6-4T locomotives to operate in Great Britain; the LT&SR 2100 Class. Some of the G&SWR's passenger traffic resembled the LT&SR express services, so Whitelegg again opted for a 4-6-4T.
The new Baltics were built to a very high specification and were intended to represent the very best practice of their time, so they were very expensive to build. They were also easily the most powerful locomotives ever operated by the G&SWR, and the company made the most of their delivery for publicity purposes. In service the locomotives performed very well on express passenger trains between Glasgow St Enoch and the Ayrshire coast towns or Kilmarnock, however they were expensive to maintain.
## LMS ownership
Within a few months of delivery the locomotives passed into the ownership of the newly formed London, Midland and Scottish Railway, and their green G&SWR livery was replaced by LMS crimson lake. By the end of the 1920s they were being repainted into lined black.
The LMS drive for standardisation saw large numbers of new Fowler 2P and 4P Compound 4-4-0s delivered to the former G&SWR section, and in time these displaced the Baltic tanks from the top passenger services. There was little other work suitable for such large tank engines, and in any event as a non-standard class of only 6 engines they were doomed to be withdrawn once their boilers became due for renewal. The whole class was therefore withdrawn and scrapped between 1935 and 1937.
## Numbering and locomotive histories
Table of locomotives
| G&SWR no. | LMS no. | Builder's no. | Delivered | Withdrawn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 540 | 15400 | NBL 22886 | Mar 1922 | Jan 1935 |
| 541 | 15401 | NBL 22887 | Mar 1922 | Apr 1935 |
| 542 | 15402 | NBL 22888 | Mar 1922 | Apr 1935 |
| 543 | 15403 | NBL 22889 | Apr 1922 | Dec 1935 |
| 544 | 15404 | NBL 22890 | Apr 1922 | Sep 1936 |
| 545 | 15405 | NBL 22891 | Apr 1922 | Aug 1936 |
|
* Baxter, Bertram (1984). Baxter, David (ed.). *British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 4: Scottish and remaining English Companies in the LMS Group*. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. pp. 169–170.
* Casserley, H.C.; Johnston, S.W. (1966). *Locomotives at the Grouping 3: London Midland and Scottish*. Ian Allan.
* Essery, Bob; Jenkinson, David (1986). *An Illustrated History of L.M.S. Locomotives, Volume Three: Absorbed Pre-Group Classes, Northern Division*. OPC.
* Smith, David L. (1976). *Locomotives of the Glasgow & South Western Railway*. David & Charles.
## InfoBox
| Glasgow & South Western Railway 540 Class | |
| --- | --- |
| Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Robert Whitelegg Builder North British Locomotive Company, Hyde Park Works, Glasgow Serial number 22886–22891 Build date 1922 Total produced 6 | |
| Specifications Configuration:<br> Whyte 4-6-4T Gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) Leading dia. 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Trailing dia. 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) Wheelbase 39 ft 0 in (11.89 m) Leading 07 ft 0 in (2.13 m) Drivers 06 ft 7 in (2.01 m) +<br>06 ft 7 in (2.01 m) Trailing 07 ft 0 in (2.13 m) Loco weight 99 tons Boiler:<br> Diameter 5 ft 6+316 in (1.681 m) Tube plates 14 ft 11 in (4.55 m) Boiler pressure 180 psi Heating surface 1,730 sq ft (161 m<sup>2</sup>) Superheater:<br> Type Robinson, 21-element Heating area 255 sq ft (23.7 m<sup>2</sup>) Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size 22 in × 26 in (559 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston valves | |
| Performance figures Tractive effort 26,741 lbf (118.95 kN) | |
| Career Operators G&SWR LMS Class G&SWR: 540 Power class LMS: 5P Numbers * G&SWR 540–545 * LMS: 15400–15405 Withdrawn 1935–1936 Disposition All scrapped | |
|
37,968,111
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccino
|
Leccino
|
The Leccino olive is one of the primary olive cultivars used in the production of Italian olive oil. Across Italy, it is one of the primary olive cultivars found in olive groves. It is believed to have originated in Tuscany, and it is now grown all over the world. Due to its delicate flavor, the olive oil it produces is commonly blended with Frantoio, Coratina, Moraiolo and Pendolino in order to create more flavor.
| 2021-12-10T17:55:39
|
# Leccino
The **Leccino** olive is one of the primary olive cultivars used in the production of Italian olive oil. Across Italy, it is one of the primary olive cultivars found in olive groves. It is believed to have originated in Tuscany, and it is now grown all over the world. Due to its delicate flavor, the olive oil it produces is commonly blended with Frantoio, Coratina, Moraiolo and Pendolino in order to create more flavor.
## About the tree
The Leccino tree grows well in cooler climates, but is not as tolerant to heat as Spanish olive cultivars. The tree grows quickly and has a dense canopy. It tends to be highly productive in the right conditions and has a tendency to grow more like a tree than a bush, which is different from most olive trees. Average oil yield is 18-21% of the fruit. It is not self-pollinating and requires the presence of another cultivar, commonly Pendolino, in order to fruit.
## Synonyms
Allorino (Leccino Pendulo), Allorino (Leccino Piangente), Grappuda, Prevoce Leccino, Colombina, Leccino LD (Leccino compact), Leccino LD (Leccino dwarf), Leccino 04, Leccino 13, Canneto Leccino (Leccino CLONE ISTEA 30), Leccino Collececco 22, Leccino di Belmonte, Leccino Ecotipo 2, Leccino Moricone, Leccino Pesciatino, Leccio, Lechino, Lucca, Toscano, and Verolana.
## History
While it is unclear when the cultivar first appeared, written references can be found near the end of the Middle Ages, and the Leccino is generally one of the older cultivars from Italy. Leccino has made its appearance in other countries over the past 50 years with the growing popularity of olive oil. It is commonly grown in California, Chile and Australia among other olive oil growing regions.
## InfoBox
| Leccino | |
| --- | --- |
| Leccino olives just harvested | |
| Olive (*Olea europaea*) | |
| Origin | Italy |
| Use | Oil and table |
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48,432,355
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccinum_aberrans
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Leccinum aberrans
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Leccinum aberrans is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was discovered in the United States, and was described as new to science in 1971 by American mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers.
| 2024-01-13T22:50:01
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# Leccinum aberrans
***Leccinum aberrans*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was discovered in the United States, and was described as new to science in 1971 by American mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers.
## InfoBox
| *Leccinum aberrans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | *Leccinum* |
| Species: | ***L. aberrans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leccinum aberrans***<br>Sm. & Thiers (1971) | |
|
|
7,020,068
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccinum
|
Leccinum
|
Leccinum is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was the name given first to a series of fungi within the genus Boletus, then erected as a new genus last century. Their main distinguishing feature is the small, rigid projections (scabers) that give a rough texture to their stalks. The genus name was coined from the Italian Leccino, for a type of rough-stemmed bolete. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north temperate regions, and contains about 75 species.
| 2024-08-22T08:36:19
|
# Leccinum
***Leccinum*** is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was the name given first to a series of fungi within the genus *Boletus*, then erected as a new genus last century. Their main distinguishing feature is the small, rigid projections (scabers) that give a rough texture to their stalks. The genus name was coined from the Italian *Leccino*, for a type of rough-stemmed bolete. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north temperate regions, and contains about 75 species.
## Description
Fruit bodies of *Leccinum* species have a slender stipe that is ornamented lengthwise with brown to black, scab-like scales on the surface. The stipe itself is colored white or cream and usually longer than the diameter of the cap. When injured, the stipe either remains unchanged in color or stains blue or red. The hymenophore is colored yellow or off-white, consists of thin and ventricose tubes that are longer than the thickness of the cap, and has small pores. The basidiospores are long and smooth as compared to other mushrooms.
The European species of *Leccinum* can be identified by a scaled stipe with pale brown, white, or yellow spores. Additionally, if a hymenium is present, it usually contains yellow-tinted pigments.
## Ecology and habitat
The mushrooms of the Leccinum genus are found worldwide, on every continent except Antarctica. The genus was first proposed by Gray in 1821 based on Leccinum aurantiacum and as a generic scientific name for boletes, often found in Europe and North America. *Leccinum* species are generally found in the woodlands of Eurasia, and North America, forming ectomycorrhizal associations with trees.
Most *Leccinum* species are mycorrhizal specialists, associating with trees of a single genus. For example, *L. atrostipitatum* associate exclusively with plants of *Betula* family that are colloquially known as birch trees. *L. vulpinum* are found only associated with the *Pinaceae* or pine gumtree family. *Leccinum aurantiacum* is an exception, however, occurring in mycorrhizal association with birch, poplar, and oak. Other species that form an exception to that rule, such as *L. quercinum* and *L. scabrum*, have been described as popular edible mushrooms in China.
Currently, the *Leccinum* genus comprises about 150 species, 118 of which have been identified in North America. Much of the important work in describing this genus has been carried out in Michigan, where 68 species have been described. In Central America, 12 species have been identified: 1 from Belize, 8 from Costa Rica, and 3 from Colombia.
In Europe, the *Leccinum* genus was originally divided into 4 sections: the 2 known sections of *L. sect. Luteoscabra* and *L. sect. Leccinum*, and the 2 newly proposed sections of *L. sect. Roseoscabra* and *L. sect. Eximia*. However, the former *L. sect. Scabra* has been merged to *L. sect. Leccinum*. Additionally, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that species of *L. sect. Luteoscabra*, *L. sect. Roseoscabra*, and *L. sect. Eximia* belong to divergent monophyletic groups of Boletaceae and represent new genera. Thus, the *Leccinum* genus is restricted to the *Leccinum* section, meaning that there are 16 documented species in Europe.
In the Southern Hemisphere, 4 species of *Leccinum* have been reported, 1 from New Zealand and 3 from Australia. In Asia, 47 species have been identified: 6 from Malaysia, 10 from Japan, and 31 from China. Out of these 31 Chinese species, 12 have been ascertained to other genera, 8 were reported without specimen support, 11 and were reported with specimen citations. Out of these 11, only *L. subleucophaeum var. minimum* was unique to China. The other 10 share sufficient general morphological traits to species identified in Europe and North America to be considered the same species. However, even though the species do appear to overlap, they have evolved independently from their European and North American counterparts. Therefore, identification of the Chinese *Leccinum* species requires further confirmation.
## Culinary value
They have generally been presumed to be edible for the most part, but there are reports of poisoning after eating unidentified members of the genus in North America, even after thorough cooking. The orange- to red-capped species, including *L. insigne*, are suspected. Species of *Leccinum* often cause nausea when consumed raw.
## Selected species
There are over 130 species recognised including:
## InfoBox
| *Leccinum* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| *Leccinum aurantiacum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | *Leccinum*<br>Gray |
|
| Type species | |
| *Leccinum aurantiacum*<br>(Bull.) Gray (1821) | |
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Krombholzia* P.Karst. (1881) * *Krombholziella* Maire (1937) * *Rossbeevera* T. Lebel & Orihara \[as 'Rosbeeva'\], in Lebel, Orihara & Maekawa (2012) * *Trachypus* Bataille (1908) | |
|
48,987,177
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithocera_chlorogastra
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Lecithocera chlorogastra
|
Lecithocera chlorogastra is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found on Java in Indonesia. The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are dark purplish fuscous and the hindwings are rather dark bronzy fuscous.
| 2020-09-05T02:34:03
|
# Lecithocera chlorogastra
***Lecithocera chlorogastra*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found on Java in Indonesia.
The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are dark purplish fuscous and the hindwings are rather dark bronzy fuscous.
## InfoBox
| *Lecithocera chlorogastra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Lecithocera* |
| Species: | ***L. chlorogastra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lecithocera chlorogastra***<br>Meyrick, 1922 | |
|
|
48,987,239
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithocera_chersitis
|
Lecithocera chersitis
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Lecithocera chersitis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in Korea. The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. The discal stigmata are cloudy, rather dark fuscous, with an additional similar dot beneath the second. The hindwings are grey.
| 2022-11-28T03:50:46
|
# Lecithocera chersitis
***Lecithocera chersitis*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in Korea.
The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. The discal stigmata are cloudy, rather dark fuscous, with an additional similar dot beneath the second. The hindwings are grey.
## InfoBox
| *Lecithocera chersitis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Lecithocera* |
| Species: | ***L. chersitis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lecithocera chersitis***<br>Meyrick, 1918 | |
|
|
32,920,228
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_songe_d%27une_nuit_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9
|
Le songe d'une nuit d'été
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Le songe d'une nuit d'été is an opéra-comique in three acts composed by Ambroise Thomas to a French libretto by Joseph-Bernard Rosier and Adolphe de Leuven. Although it shares the French title for Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, its plot is not based on the play. Shakespeare himself is a character in the opera as are Elizabeth I and Falstaff.
| 2023-10-17T14:49:17
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# Le songe d'une nuit d'été
***Le songe d'une nuit d'été*** (*A Midsummer Night's Dream*) is an opéra-comique in three acts composed by Ambroise Thomas to a French libretto by Joseph-Bernard Rosier and Adolphe de Leuven. Although it shares the French title for Shakespeare's play, *A Midsummer Night's Dream*, its plot is not based on the play. Shakespeare himself is a character in the opera as are Elizabeth I and Falstaff.
## Performance history
The opera was premiered on 20 April 1850 by the Opéra-Comique at the second Salle Favart in Paris. The role of Elizabeth was intended for Delphine Ugalde, who was too ill to sing at the premiere but later took over the part. English commentators often find certain aspects of the plot in questionable taste. However, the opera was very successful in France. It was revived at the Opéra-Comique on 22 September 1859 and again during the International Exposition of 1867 with Marie Cabel, Victor Capoul, Léon Achard, and Pierre Gailhard in the cast.
A revised version was mounted on 17 April 1886 with Adèle Isaac as the Queen. According to *The New York Times* reviewer in Paris, she acted "with rare discretion and dignity, and the wide scope of the register taxed by the composer is wonderfully served by her natural voice, in which the low tones are as full and reliable as the upper notes are easy, sweet, and flutelike. Her perfect vocalization permits the wildest flights into the most elevated realm of stacatti and trill, while the many dramatic recitatives are just as well served by her sure instinct and by the homogeneous quality and range of her registers. From the beginning to the end, even in the taxation of the cadenze of the second act, her full, rich tones were as sure, as melodious, as velvety, and as flexible as if she were not accomplishing almost impossible feats of execution." The cast also included Victor Maurel as Shakespeare and the baritone Émile-Alexandre Taskin as "the stout, ponderous … Falstaff, and the extension of his voice permits him to give full value to the part originally written for a bass."
Internationally, the opera was first performed in Liège on 24 March 1851, Brussels on 27 September 1851, New Orleans in 1851, and Frankfurt (in German) on 22 April 1852. In New York it was presented by the New Orleans company in French on 21 June 1852 at Niblo's Garden. It was not well received by the critic of the *Spirit of the Times* (26 June 1852), who wrote: "Queen Elizabeth, Falstaff, and Shakespeare are introduced under the most ridiculous circumstances, and in absurd relations to each other. We could forgive our Gallic friends for scandalizing Queen Bess and rendering fat Jack ridiculous, but to profane the memory of the sweet Swan of Avon by introducing his name into such balderdash is at once an insult to all who reverence him and an evidence that the French are wholly ignorant of his glorious works. Poor fellows!" The opera was first presented in English in New York on 15 October 1877 in a translation by M. A. Cooney.
Other international first performances include Vienna (in German) on 12 January 1854, Berlin (in German) on 2 February 1854, Geneva in March 1854, Buenos Aires on 7 October 1854, Barcelona on 1 August 1868, Lisbon on 10 April 1878, Mexico on 24 April 1879, Padua (in Italian) on 24 February 1897, and Glasgow (in English as *A Poet's Dream*, translated by W. B. Kingston) on 18 February 1898.
Twentieth-century performances include a revival in Paris at the Trianon-Lyrique on 12 November 1915, one in Lille as late as 13 February 1936, and another in Brussels on 27 September 1937. The opera was revived (for the inauguration of the Channel Tunnel) on 7 May 1994 at the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne by Pierre Jourdan and was later released on DVD.
## Roles
Roles, voice types, premiere cast
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 20 April 1850 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Queen Elizabeth I | soprano | Constance-Caroline Lefèbvre |
| Olivia | soprano | Sophie Grimm |
| Shakespeare | tenor | Joseph-Antoine-Charles Couderc |
| Falstaff | bass | Eugène Bataille |
| Lord Latimer | tenor | Jean-Jacques Boulo |
| *Actors and actresses, ladies and gentlemen of the court, foresters, tavern servants, cooks, sommeliers, and kitchen boys* | | |
## Synopsis
**Setting**: Sixteenth-century England
### Act 1
*The Tavern of the Siren in Richmond, London*
In some unexplained way Queen Elizabeth and Olivia, her maid of honor, were separated from the royal cortège in the park at Richmond. Having been pursued by sailors, they take refuge in a tavern, where they find William Shakespeare, surrounded by his comrades, occupied in drinking. The Queen, who is masked, tries in vain to recall to the mind of the poet a sense of better things. He mocks at her preaching, and goes on drinking. Presently he rolls under the table, and presents a shocking spectacle of intoxication. Elizabeth orders Sir John Falstaff, governor of Richmond Palace, to transport Shakespeare to the park surrounding that palace.
### Act 2
*The park of Richmond Palace*
It is night; the waters of the lake, the moonlight shining through the branches of the trees, the general effect of a deep forest, all combine to confuse the senses of Shakespeare upon his awakening. He hears harmonious sounds; presently he sees a white form, and a voice is heard. It is that of his muse, who reproaches him for his neglect and his threatened abandonment of her. The poet, instantly captivated by the apparition, soon perceives that his good genius is no other than a charming woman. He advances towards her, and Olivia, terrified by the situation in which the Queen has placed herself by impersonating the apparition, substitutes herself for her royal mistress.
Latimer, an admirer of Olivia is nearby and having seen Shakespeare's responses, and despite the poet's protests, challenges him to a duel. The encounter takes place immediately, and after a few passes Latimer falls. Olivia is dismayed, and, joined by the Queen, betrays the royal incognita. Shakespeare, who believes that he has killed Lord Latimer, takes flight and throws himself into the river. He is fished out in a faint and carried to his lodgings.
### Act 3
*Whitehall Palace*
The Queen orders Sir John and the other actors in this nocturnal comedy to forget everything that they have seen, and then sends for Shakespeare. The poet immediately imagines that the Queen is in love with him. He arrives transported with rapture and finds himself received and mocked as a dreamer. Elizabeth alone has pity upon his despair, and says to the poet: "But for you the events of this night shall be a dream to all the world," meaning, no doubt, that in that night's happenings the inspiration should be found for Shakespeare's exquisite fantasy, *A Midsummer Night's Dream*.
## Video recording
* 1994: Ghyslaine Raphanel (soprano, Elisabeth I); Alain Gabriel (tenor, William Shakespeare); Jean-Philippe Courtis (bass, Falstaff); Cécile Besnard (soprano, Olivia); Franco Ferrazzi (tenor, Lord Latimer); Gilles Dubernet (baritone, Jeremy); Choeurs du Théâtre français de la musique, Orchestre symphonique de la radio et télévision de Cracovie, Michel Swierczewski (conductor); produced and directed by Pierre Jourdin; costumes by the Royal Shakespeare Company; recorded live on 7 May 1994 at the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne; released on Cascavalle (2003) and Kultur (2005).
**Notes**
**Sources**
* Bates, Alfred, editor (1909). *The Opera*. London and New York: Historical Publishing Co. OCLC 1887004. View at Google Books.
* Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."*Le songe d´une nuit d´été*, 20 April 1850". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
* Guinle, Francis (2003). *The Concord of this Discord: La structure musicale du* Songe d'une nuit d'été *de William Shakespeare*. Saint-Étienne: Université de Saint-Étienne. ISBN 9782862723181.
* Hoenselaars, Ton; Calvo, Clara (2010). "Shakespeare Eurostar: Calais, the Continent, and the Operatic Fortunes of Ambroise Thomas" in Willy Maley and Margaret Tudeau-Clayton (eds.), *This England, That Shakespeare: New Angles on Englishness and the Bard*, pp. 147–164. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0754666026.
* Brodsky Lawrence, Vera (1995). *Strong on Music: The New York Music Scene in the Days of George Templeton Strong. Volume II: Reverberations, 1850–1856*. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226470115.
* Letellier, Robert Ignatius (2010). *Opéra-Comique: A Sourcebook*. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 9781443821407.
* Loewenberg, Alfred (1978). *Annals of Opera 1597–1940* (third edition, revised). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 9780874718515.
## InfoBox
| Le songe d'une nuit d'été | |
| --- | --- |
| *Opéra comique* by Ambroise Thomas | |
| Delphine Ugalde as Elizabeth | |
| Librettist | |
| Language | French |
| Premiere | 20 April 1850 (1850-04-20)<br>Opéra-Comique, Paris |
|
7,867,050
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Strasberg_Theatre_and_Film_Institute
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Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
|
The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute is an acting school founded in 1969 by actor, director, and acting teacher Lee Strasberg. The Institute is located in Union Square on East 15th Street, also known as Lee Strasberg Way, in New York City, New York. The school has a secondary campus located in Los Angeles, California. For more than 40 years, the Institute has held a partnership with New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where students can earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The Los Angeles campus also holds an Associate of Occupational Studies degree program. Until her January 2024 death, the Institute was under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's widow. Students at the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute learn method acting, an acting technique created and developed by Strasberg.
| 2024-10-04T10:46:39
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# Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
The **Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute** (originally the **Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute**) is an acting school founded in 1969 by actor, director, and acting teacher Lee Strasberg. The Institute is located in Union Square on East 15th Street, also known as Lee Strasberg Way, in New York City, New York. The school has a secondary campus located in Los Angeles, California.
For more than 40 years, the Institute has held a partnership with New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where students can earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The Los Angeles campus also holds an Associate of Occupational Studies degree program. Until her January 2024 death, the Institute was under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's widow. Students at the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute learn method acting, an acting technique created and developed by Strasberg.
## History
In 1931, Lee Strasberg co-founded the Group Theatre, hailed as "America's first true theatrical collective," alongside fellow directors Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford. In 1951, he became director of the Actors Studio in New York City, considered "the nation's most prestigious acting school," and, in 1966, he was involved in the foundation of the Actors Studio West in Los Angeles.
After almost five decades of teaching private classes and shepherding generations of actors toward success at the Actors Studio, Strasberg established his own school in 1969, open to all those interested in learning The Method. Years later, a gift from his wife Anna Strasberg established the permanent homes of the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institutes in both New York and Los Angeles.
### Anna Strasberg
| Anna Strasberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Anna Mizrahi<br>(1939-04-16)April 16, 1939<br>Caracas, Venezuela |
| Died | January 6, 2024(2024-01-06) (aged 84)<br>New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Actress |
**Anna Strasberg** (April 16, 1939 – January 6, 2024), also known as **Anna Mazraki**, was a Venezuelan-born American actress and former artistic director of the institute. In 1968, she married Lee Strasberg. Thanks to the will of Marilyn Monroe, of whom her predecessor Paula Strasberg was an acting coach together with her husband Lee, she inherited after Lee's death and took take care of the Marilyn Monroe Theater and the Marilyn Monroe Museum (at first it was a room of the Lee Strasberg Theater and Film Institute, which he personally curated). She had among her students Michel Altieri. Strasberg acted in some cinema and television films in the 1960s, and again in the 1980s. She died in New York on January 6, 2024, at the age of 84.
#### Film roles
## Notable alumni
40°44′6.5″N 73°59′19.5″W / 40.735139°N 73.988750°W / 40.735139; -73.988750
## InfoBox
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
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| |
| Formation | 1969 |
| Type | Drama school |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York |
| Region served | United States |
| Website | strasberg.edu |
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2,226,819
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Stringer
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Lee Stringer
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Lee Stringer is a writer who lived unhoused with a substance use disorder in New York City from the early eighties until the mid-nineties. He is a former editor and columnist of Street News. His essays and articles have appeared in a variety of publications, including The Nation, The New York Times, and Newsday. He currently lives in Mamaroneck, New York. He is the author of Sleepaway School and Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street. Stringer also took part in a discussion on writing with Kurt Vonnegut for a book entitled Like Shaking Hands With God. Stringer was a winner of the Doe Fund 2nd Annual Murray Kempton Award in 1998, and Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street was a New York Times Book Review Notable Book that same year. Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street was also nominated for a Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award. He discovered his talent when he was searching for an instrument with which to push the filters in his crack stem from one end to the other, so that he could smoke the remaining resin. What he found was a pencil, which he subsequently also used to write a short story called "No place to call home" which he then sent to "Street News". Eventually writing won out over drugs as a passion, Stringer checked himself into a Project Renewal, Inc. homeless shelter and treatment center, and with their help was able to kick his addiction. His first published book chronicling his years on the street. "Grand Central Winter: Stories From the Street," made the top ten recommended book lists of both USA Today and the New York Times, went on to publication 18 languages and won a Washington Irving Award, and a Murray Kenton Award. He received the Lannan Foundation residency fellowship in 2005.
| 2024-10-04T14:08:39
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# Lee Stringer
**Lee Stringer** is a writer who lived unhoused with a substance use disorder in New York City from the early eighties until the mid-nineties. He is a former editor and columnist of *Street News*. His essays and articles have appeared in a variety of publications, including *The Nation*, *The New York Times*, and *Newsday*. He currently lives in Mamaroneck, New York. He is the author of *Sleepaway School* and *Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street*. Stringer also took part in a discussion on writing with Kurt Vonnegut for a book entitled *Like Shaking Hands With God*. Stringer was a winner of the Doe Fund 2nd Annual Murray Kempton Award in 1998, and *Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street* was a New York Times Book Review Notable Book that same year. *Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street* was also nominated for a Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award.
He discovered his talent when he was searching for an instrument with which to push the filters in his crack stem from one end to the other, so that he could smoke the remaining resin. What he found was a pencil, which he subsequently also used to write a short story called "No place to call home" which he then sent to "Street News". Eventually writing won out over drugs as a passion, Stringer checked himself into a Project Renewal, Inc. homeless shelter and treatment center, and with their help was able to kick his addiction. His first published book chronicling his years on the street. "Grand Central Winter: Stories From the Street," (Seven Stories Press, 1997) made the top ten recommended book lists of both *USA Today* and the *New York Times*, went on to publication 18 languages and won a Washington Irving Award, and a Murray Kenton Award.
He received the Lannan Foundation residency fellowship in 2005.
## Books
* Lee Stringer (1998). *Grand Central Winter*. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-888363-57-6
* Lee Stringer, Kurt Vonnegut (2000). *Like Shaking Hands With God*. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-002-X
* Lee Stringer (2004). *Sleepaway School*. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-478-5
* Lee Stringer (2010). *Grand Central Winter: Expanded Second Edition*. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-918-3
## Further reading
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_v._Weisman
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Lee v. Weisman
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Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court decision regarding school prayer. It was the first major school prayer case decided by the Rehnquist Court. It held that schools may not sponsor clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer. The Court followed a broad interpretation of the Establishment Clause that had been standard for decades at the nation's highest court, a reaffirmation of the principles of such landmark cases as Engel v. Vitale and Abington School District v. Schempp.
| 2024-05-21T15:54:52
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# Lee v. Weisman
***Lee v. Weisman***, 505 U.S. 577 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court decision regarding school prayer. It was the first major school prayer case decided by the Rehnquist Court. It held that schools may not sponsor clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer. The Court followed a broad interpretation of the Establishment Clause that had been standard for decades at the nation's highest court, a reaffirmation of the principles of such landmark cases as *Engel v. Vitale* and *Abington School District v. Schempp*.
## Background
Robert E. Lee was the principal of Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, Rhode Island. He invited a rabbi to deliver a prayer at the 1989 graduation ceremony, but the day before the ceremony, the parents of student Deborah Weisman filed a motion in the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island for a temporary restraining order to bar the rabbi from delivering the invocation, arguing that it would violate the Establishment Clause. Chief Judge Francis J. Boyle denied the Weismans' motion, "essentially because the Court was not afforded adequate time to consider the important issues of the case". The family did attend the graduation ceremony, and the rabbi did deliver the benediction.
The Weismans continued their litigation after the graduation, and Chief Judge Boyle ultimately ruled in their favor, issuing an order "permanently enjoining the School Committee of the City of Providence, its agents or employees from authorizing or encouraging the use of prayer in connection with school graduation or promotion exercises". A three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirmed the District Court's order, over the dissenting opinion of Judge Levin H. Campbell. The school district petitioned for a writ of *certiorari* in the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the prayer was nonsectarian and was doubly voluntary: Deborah was free not to stand for the prayer and because participation in the ceremony itself was not required. Arguments were heard on November 6, 1991. Charles J. Cooper appeared for the petitioners, Solicitor General Kenneth W. Starr argued as *amicus curiae* on behalf of the Bush administration in support of the school district, and Rhode Island attorney Sandra A. Blanding appeared on behalf of the Weismans. Justice Anthony Kennedy had been critical of the Court's decisions on school prayer, and many court watchers thought that he would provide the crucial fifth vote to reverse the lower court's ruling and deal a major blow to the twin separationist pillars of *Engel* and *Abington*.
## Decision
The 5–4 decision was announced on June 24, 1992. It was somewhat surprising as a victory for the Weismans and a defeat for the school district. Justice Kennedy wrote the majority opinion, which maintained previous Supreme Court precedents sharply limiting the place of religion within the nation's public schools—far from joining those who favored curtailing restrictions on school prayers. The Blackmun papers reveal that Kennedy switched his vote during the deliberations, as he also did in *Planned Parenthood v. Casey*, saying that his draft majority opinion upholding the prayer exercise "looked quite wrong." Instead, Kennedy wrote an opinion that repudiated the school district's main arguments. He found fault with Principal Lee's decision to give the rabbi who was planning to offer the graduation invocation a pamphlet on composing prayers for civic occasions:
Through these means, the principal directed and controlled the content of the prayers. Even if the only sanction for ignoring the instructions were that the rabbi would not be invited back, we think no religious representative who valued his or her continued reputation and effectiveness in the community would incur the State's displeasure in this regard. It is a cornerstone principle of our Establishment Clause jurisprudence that it is no part of the business of government to compose official prayers for any group of the American people to recite as a part of a religious program carried on by government, and that is what the school officials attempted to do.
Kennedy also noted that the nonsectarian nature of the prayer was no defense, as the Establishment Clause forbade coerced prayers in public schools, not just those representing a specific religious tradition. He addressed the State's contention that attendance was voluntary at the graduation exercises:
To say a teenage student has a real choice not to attend her high school graduation is formalistic in the extreme. True, Deborah could elect not to attend commencement without renouncing her diploma; but we shall not allow the case to turn on this point. Everyone knows that, in our society and in our culture, high school graduation is one of life's most significant occasions. A school rule which excuses attendance is beside the point. Attendance may not be required by official decree, yet it is apparent that a student is not free to absent herself from the graduation exercise in any real sense of the term "voluntary," for absence would require forfeiture of those intangible benefits which have motivated the student through youth and all her high school years.
Finally, Kennedy formulated what is now known as the coercion test in answering the argument that participation in the prayer was voluntary:
The school district's supervision and control of a high school graduation ceremony places subtle and indirect public and peer pressure on attending students to stand as a group or maintain respectful silence during the invocation and benediction. A reasonable dissenter of high school age could believe that standing or remaining silent signified her own participation in, or approval of, the group exercise, rather than her respect for it. And the State may not place the student dissenter in the dilemma of participating or protesting. Since adolescents are often susceptible to peer pressure, especially in matters of social convention, the State may no more use social pressure to enforce orthodoxy than it may use direct means. The embarrassment and intrusion of the religious exercise cannot be refuted by arguing that the prayers are of a *de minimis* character, since that is an affront to the rabbi and those for whom the prayers have meaning, and since any intrusion was both real and a violation of the objectors' rights. The principle that government may accommodate the free exercise of religion does not supersede the fundamental limitations imposed by **the Establishment Clause**. It is beyond dispute that, **at a minimum**, the Constitution **guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise, or otherwise act in a way which "establishes a \[state\] religion or religious faith, or tends to do so."** As we have observed before, there are heightened concerns with protecting freedom of conscience from subtle coercive pressure in the elementary and secondary public schools. Our decisions in \[Engel\] and \[Abington\] recognize, among other things, that prayer exercises in public schools carry a particular risk of indirect coercion. The concern may not be limited to the context of schools, but it is most pronounced there. What to most believers may seem nothing more than a reasonable request that the nonbeliever respect their religious practices, in a school context may appear to the nonbeliever or dissenter to be an attempt to employ the machinery of the State to enforce a religious orthodoxy.
### Concurring opinions
Justice Blackmun's concurrence stressed that "our decisions have gone beyond prohibiting coercion, however, because the Court has recognized that 'the fullest possible scope of religious liberty,' entails more than freedom from coercion." Blackmun emphasized that the government was without power to place its imprimatur on any religious activity, even if no one was compelled to participate in a state-sponsored religious exercise, directly or indirectly.
Justice Souter devoted his concurring opinion to a historical analysis, rebutting the contention that the government could endorse nonsectarian prayers. He cited the writings of James Madison and pointed to the changing versions of the First Amendment that the First Congress considered, as opposed to the version which was eventually adopted. Souter, too, took issue with the school district's defense of non-coercive religious exercises, dismissing the position as without precedential authority.
### Dissenting opinion
Justice Scalia's dissent argued against the coercion test:
In holding that the Establishment Clause prohibits invocations and benedictions at public school graduation ceremonies, the Court - with nary a mention that it is doing so - lays waste a tradition that is as old as public school graduation ceremonies themselves, and that is a component of an even more longstanding American tradition of nonsectarian prayer to God at public celebrations generally. As its instrument of destruction, the bulldozer of its social engineering, the Court invents a boundless, and boundlessly manipulable, test of psychological coercion.
Scalia pointed to several historical examples of calling on divine guidance by American Presidents, including Washington's proclamation of the Thanksgiving holiday in 1789 and the inaugural addresses of both Madison and Thomas Jefferson. He disputed the Court's contention that attendance at high school graduation ceremonies was effectively required as part of social norms, and also the conclusion that students were subtly coerced to stand for the rabbi's invocation. In Scalia's view, only official penalties for refusing to support or adhere to a particular religion created an Establishment Clause violation.
## Subsequent developments
The coercion test is now used to determine the constitutionality of certain government actions under the Establishment Clause, along with Justice O'Connor's "endorsement or disapproval" test. The test "seeks to determine whether the state has applied coercive pressure on an individual to support or participate in religion."
A broad reading of the Establishment Clause won out, but it seems to have its greatest current application in a public school context. The Court has ruled against the separationist position in several key funding cases since *Lee*, including the school voucher case *Zelman v. Simmons-Harris*. However, a majority of the Court continues to maintain a strict ban on most forms of state-sponsored religious exercises in schools themselves, as evidenced by the 6–3 ruling in *Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe*, which struck down student-led prayers before public school football games.
1. *Lee v. Weisman*, 505 U.S. 577 (1992). *This article incorporates public domain material from this U.S government document.*
2. *Engel v. Vitale*, 370 U.S. 421 (1962).
3. *Abington School District v. Schempp*, 374 U.S. 203 (1963).
4. *Weisman v. Lee*, 728 F. Supp. 68, 69 (D.R.I. 1990).
5. *Weisman v. Lee*, 728 F. Supp. 68, 69-70 (D.R.I. 1990).
6. Curry, Brett. "Lee v. Weisman (1992)". *The First Amendment Encyclopedia*. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
7. *Weisman v. Lee*, 728 F. Supp. 68, 75 (D.R.I. 1990).
8. *Weisman v. Lee*, 908 F.2d 1090, 1090 (1st Cir. 1990).
9. *Weisman v. Lee*, 908 F.2d 1090, 1097-1099 (Campbell, J., dissenting) (1st Cir. 1990).
10. *Lee v. Weisman*, 505 U.S. 577, 579 (S. Ct. 1992).
11. "Lee v. Weisman | Case Brief for Law Students". Retrieved June 17, 2021.
12. "Robert E. LEE, Individually and as Principal of Nathan Bishop Middle School, et al., Petitioners v. Daniel WEISMAN etc". *LII / Legal Information Institute*. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
13. *Planned Parenthood v. Casey*, 505 U.S. 833 (1992).
14. Greenhouse, Linda (March 4, 2004). "Documents Reveal the Evolution of a Justice". *The New York Times*.
15. 505 U.S. at 588 citation omitted).
16. 505 U.S. at 595.
17. "Religious liberty in public life: Establishment Clause overview". First Amendment Center. Archived from the original on September 5, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
18. "County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989) at page 492". Justia US Supreme Court Center. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
19. Louis Grumet; John Caher; Judith Kaye (2016). *Curious Case of Kiryas Joel: The Rise of a Village Theocracy and the Battle to Defend the Separation of Church and State*. Chicago Review Press. pp. 141–42. ISBN 9781613735039.
20. 505 U.S. 577, Syllabus.
21. 505 U.S. at 587 (citations omitted and emphasis added).
22. 505 U.S. at 592 (citations omitted).
23. 505 U.S. at 606 (Blackmun, J., concurring; internal citation omitted).
24. 505 U.S. at 632 (Scalia, J., dissenting).
25. *Doe v. Elmbrook School Dist.*, 687 F.3d 840 (7th Cir. 2012).
26. *Zelman v. Simmons-Harris*, 536 U.S. 639 (2002).
27. *Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe*, 530 U.S. 290 (2000).
## Further reading
* Irons, P. (1999). *A People's History of the Supreme Court*. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-87006-4.
* Michael Stokes Paulsen, Lemon is dead, 43 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 795 (1992)..
## InfoBox
| Lee v. Weisman | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued November 6, 1991<br>Decided June 24, 1992 | |
| Full case name | *Robert E. Lee, Individually and as Principal of Nathan Bishop Middle School, et al., Petitioners v. Daniel Weisman etc.* |
| Citations | 505 U.S. 577 (*more*)112 S. Ct. 2649; 120 L. Ed. 2d 467; 60 U.S.L.W. 4723; 92 Cal. Daily Op. Service 5448; 92 Daily Journal DAR 8669 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Temporary restraining order to prevent invocation from being delivered denied (D.R.I. 1989); permanent injunction granted after graduation ceremony, *Weisman v. Lee*, 728 F. Supp. 68 (D.R.I. 1990); affirmed, 908 F.2d 1090 (1st Cir. 1990); cert. granted, 499 U.S. 918 (1991). |
| Holding | |
| Including a clergy-led prayer within the events of a public high school graduation violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice William Rehnquist Associate Justices Byron White **·** Harry Blackmun<br>John P. Stevens **·** Sandra Day O'Connor<br>Antonin Scalia **·** Anthony Kennedy<br>David Souter **·** Clarence Thomas | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Kennedy, joined by Blackmun, Stevens, O'Connor, Souter |
| Concurrence | Blackmun, joined by Stevens, O'Connor |
| Concurrence | Souter, joined by Stevens, O'Connor |
| Dissent | Scalia, joined by Rehnquist, White, Thomas |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amend. I | |
|
52,736,276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_v_Minor_Developments_Ltd
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Lee v Minor Developments Ltd
|
Lee v Minor Developments Ltd t/a Before Six Childcare Centre was a decision of the Employment Court of New Zealand regarding the real status of a worker as either a permanent employee or a casual employee. The case concerned whether or not the Employment Relations Authority had erred in law by determining that Sharon Lee was a casual employee of Oceana Gold (NZ) Ltd.
| 2022-04-25T19:12:15
|
# Lee v Minor Developments Ltd
***Lee v Minor Developments Ltd t/a Before Six Childcare Centre*** was a decision of the Employment Court of New Zealand regarding the real status of a worker as either a permanent employee or a casual employee. The case concerned whether or not the Employment Relations Authority had erred in law by determining that Sharon Lee was a casual employee of Oceana Gold (NZ) Ltd.
## Judgment
Judge C M Shaw delivered the Employment Court's decision allowing Lee's appeal and overturning the decision of the Employment Relations Authority.
Judge Shaw outlined the following characteristics as being those which the courts have used to assess whether employment is casual:
> * Engagement for short periods of time for specific purposes;
> * A lack of regular work pattern or expectation of ongoing employment;
> * Employment is dependent on the availability of work demands;
> * No guarantee of work from one week to the next;
> * Employment as and when needed;
> * The lack of an obligation on the employer to offer employment, or on the employee to accept any other engagement; and
> * Employees are only engaged for the specific term of each period of employment.
## InfoBox
| Lee v Minor Developments Ltd t/a Before Six Childcare Centre | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Court | Employment Court of New Zealand |
| Full case name | *Sharon Lee v Minor Developments Ltd t/a Before Six Childcare Centre* |
| Decided | 23 December 2008 |
| Citation | AC 52/08 ARC 16/08 |
| Transcript | Judgement of Judge C M Shaw |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Shaw, C M |
| Case opinions | |
| Couch, A A | |
| Keywords | |
| Employment relations, casual employee | |
|
68,514,913
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_vs._Grant:_The_Wilderness_Campaign_of_1864
|
Lee vs. Grant: The Wilderness Campaign of 1864
|
Lee vs. Grant: The Wilderness Campaign of 1864 is a board game published by Victory Games in 1988 that simulates a campaign of the American Civil War. It earned two Charles S. Roberts Awards and would become the first of a series of games known as the Great Campaigns of the American Civil War.
| 2023-06-18T00:10:59
|
# Lee vs. Grant: The Wilderness Campaign of 1864
***Lee vs. Grant: The Wilderness Campaign of 1864*** is a board game published by Victory Games in 1988 that simulates a campaign of the American Civil War. It earned two Charles S. Roberts Awards and would become the first of a series of games known as the *Great Campaigns of the American Civil War*.
## Contents
*Lee vs. Grant* is a two-player strategic board wargame that simulates the pivotal 1864 Wilderness Campaign at the divisional level.
### Historical background
In May 1864, Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant attempted to force a quick end to the American Civil War by marching the Army of the Potomac towards the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Confederater General Robert E. Lee interposed the Army of Northern Virginia, and the two armies fought a series of battles over the next eight weeks.
### Components
The game box contains:
* hex grid map of the area between Fredericksburg and Petersburg, scaled at 1:200,000, with each hex representing two miles (3.2 km).
* 520 die cut counters
* charts
* counter tray
* rulebook
### Gameplay
The game is split into
* a Basic game of six scenarios that introduces the players to movement and unit activitation;
* three Advanced scenarios that add sea movement, supply and more leader rules
* several Campaign scenarios
## Publication history
*Lee vs. Grant* was designed by Joseph Balkoski, with artwork by Rosaria Baldari and Ted Koller, and was published in 1988 by Victory Games, an imprint of Avalon Hill. Using a revision of *Lee vs. Grant*'s rules system, Balkoski would go on to design five games in what became known as the *Great Campaigns of the American Civil War* (*GCACW*) series, which were published by Avalon Hill from 1992–1998.
## Reception
In the inaugural issue of *Games International*, Mike Siggins stated that he enjoyed this game, saying, "I like *Lee vs. Grant*. Some of the game system may be a trifle unusual, but overall it is a fresh, vital treatment of an area that has formerly held little interest for me." He concluded by giving the game a perfect rating of 5 stars out of 5.
In John K. Setear's 1989 paper for Rand Corporation, *Simulating the Fog of War*, he cited *Lee vs. Grant* as an example of a game that uses game mechanics to make each game turn an unpredictable length, negating the ability of players to formulate exact strategies. Setear noted that *Lee vs. Grant* "takes the technique to one extreme, in which every unit's movement allowance is determined by \[...\] a die roll (combined with the get-up-and-go rating of its commander.)"
*Games* listed *Lee vs. Grant* in its "Top Games of 1988", saying, "Forced marches, routs, the burning of railroad stations, and the effectiveness of leaders all help determine the outcome of this bloody campaign."
## Awards
At the 1989 Origins Game Fair, *Lee vs. Grant* won Charles S. Roberts Awards in two categories: "Best Wargaming Graphics of 1988", and "Best Pre-World War II Board Game of 1988".
|
22,691,947
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LegalBeagles
|
LegalBeagles
|
LegalBeagles is an organization that offers a forum-based website for consumers to share experiences and assist one another with various consumer and financial issues. It also provides a legal comparison website.
| 2023-12-09T19:10:50
|
# LegalBeagles
**LegalBeagles** is an organization that offers a forum-based website for consumers to share experiences and assist one another with various consumer and financial issues. It also provides a legal comparison website.
## History
LegalBeagles is an independent consumer rights and consumer law forum. Since May 2007, it has offered support, informal advice, and resources to visitors, registered users, and VIP subscribers.
The forum began as a help site for consumers who wished to reclaim bank charges just before the Office of Fair Trading v Abbey National plc and Others (2009) case. It continued to advocate for fairness in consumer contracts.
In August 2014, LegalBeagles was involved in obtaining a County Court judgment against Lloyds Bank Plc for unfair terms. In October 2014, they played a role in the Grace & Anor v Blackhorse Court of Appeal ruling, which stated that banks cannot impose a default on an individual's credit file if the credit agreement in question has been deemed unenforceable.
## Services
The forum assists consumers in defending County Court claims as litigants in person and addresses financial and contractual issues. LegalBeagles also campaigns for action against online scams. Additionally, the forum fosters support for employment and family law matters.
1. "Grace & Anor v Black Horse Ltd \[2014\] EWCA Civ 1413 (30 October 2014)".
2. Palmer, Kate (February 13, 2015). "'Lloyds wrecked my credit history over £928 debt I didn't owe'" via www.telegraph.co.uk.
3. "Meet this 'modern day hero' who is determined to outscam the scamsters". *The Guardian*. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
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73,455,392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecidea_hoganii
|
Lecidea hoganii
|
Lecidea hoganii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is known to occur only in Boulder, Colorado, where it grows in association with other lichens in mixed saxicolous communities on sandstone in the Fox Hills Formation. The lichen is characterized by its thick white, chalky thallus, sessile to raised apothecia, presence of a dark pink pigment in the hymenium, and absence of secondary compounds.
| 2023-04-03T18:02:23
|
# Lecidea hoganii
***Lecidea hoganii*** is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is known to occur only in Boulder, Colorado, where it grows in association with other lichens in mixed saxicolous communities on sandstone in the Fox Hills Formation. The lichen is characterized by its thick white, chalky thallus, sessile to raised apothecia, presence of a dark pink pigment in the hymenium, and absence of secondary compounds.
## Taxonomy
The species was formally described by lichenologists Erin Tripp and James Lendemer in 2015. It belongs to the *Lecidea auriculata* morphological group and is evolutionarily related to the *L. tessellata* group. The specific epithet honors Tim Hogan (Collections Manager of the Colorado herbarium) for his decades of contributions to knowledge of the Colorado flora, particularly with respect to the alpine, subalpine, and surrounding montane ecosystems; the authors note that this species "is dark and complex, but a little rosy on the inside".
## Description
*Lecidea hoganii* has a crustose, epilithic thallus that is conspicuously raised above the substrate, forming rosettes up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter and 0.6 mm thick. It lacks soredia, isidia, or other lichenized diaspores, and has an indistinct or lacking prothallus. The upper surface is dull, chalky white, lacks pruina, and the upper cortex is 60–110 μm thick, poorly defined and densely inspersed with crystals. The apothecia are lecideine, 0.5–2.0 mm in diameter, erumpent, and initially immersed but soon becoming distinctly sessile to prominently raised above the thallus on columns of thalline tissue up to 0.9 mm tall. The photobiont of *Lecidea hoganii* is a green alga, with coccoid cells 13–17 μm in diameter. All standard chemical spot tests are negative.
## Habitat and distribution
*Lecidea hoganii* is found at White Rocks Open Space in Boulder County, Colorado, on tilted and for the most part sun-exposed surfaces of sandstone boulders derived from the Fox Hills Formation. It occurs in mixed saxicolous communities growing in close association with other lichens such as *Caloplaca decipiens*, *Lecidella carpathica*, *L. patavina*, and *Rinodina strausii*. The species is globally and locally rare, and, as of 2017, is only known from the White Rocks Open Space area.
## Conservation
*Lecidea hoganii* is found infrequently at White Rocks Open Space and is not known to occur in any other locality, suggesting that the species is both globally and locally rare. The authors suggest that this species merits ranking under the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered due to its restricted geographical range, the single known extant population, and the small number of individuals known (less than 50).
## InfoBox
| *Lecidea hoganii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecideales |
| Family: | Lecideaceae |
| Genus: | *Lecidea* |
| Species: | ***L. hoganii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lecidea hoganii***<br>E.Tripp & Lendemer (2015) | |
|
|
58,942,237
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmer_(whaling)
|
Lemmer (whaling)
|
A lemmer is the person who dismembers a whale separating the meat, flippers, and bones in the butchering process after it has been stripped of blubber by a flenser. The lemmer removes the meat from the bones so it can be boiled to remove the whale oil. The word lemmer is from the Norwegian language word lemme, meaning dismember. On boats, the lemmer men separated the meat from the bones on the lemmer deck where the carcass was pulled.
| 2022-08-15T13:47:21
|
# Lemmer (whaling)
A **lemmer** is the person who dismembers a whale separating the meat, flippers, and bones in the butchering process after it has been stripped of blubber by a flenser. The lemmer removes the meat from the bones so it can be boiled to remove the whale oil. The word lemmer is from the Norwegian language word *lemme*, meaning dismember. On boats, the lemmer men separated the meat from the bones on the lemmer deck where the carcass was pulled.
|
49,087,241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithocera_hiata
|
Lecithocera hiata
|
Lecithocera hiata is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Chun-Sheng Wu and You-Qiao Liu in 1993. It is found in Sichuan, China. The wingspan is about 17 mm.
| 2021-05-18T21:05:44
|
# Lecithocera hiata
***Lecithocera hiata*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Chun-Sheng Wu and You-Qiao Liu in 1993. It is found in Sichuan, China.
The wingspan is about 17 mm.
## InfoBox
| *Lecithocera hiata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Lecithocera* |
| Species: | ***L. hiata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lecithocera hiata***<br>Wu and Liu, 1993 | |
|
|
60,944,353
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefferts_Boulevard
|
Lefferts Boulevard
|
Lefferts Boulevard is a major north–south thoroughfare in Queens, New York City, running through the communities of Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, and South Ozone Park. Its northern end is at Kew Gardens Road, in Kew Gardens, and its southern end is located within John F. Kennedy International Airport. Lefferts Boulevard intersects with other major roads such as Metropolitan Avenue, Jamaica Avenue, and Atlantic Avenue. It is 119th Street for its entire run.
| 2024-07-30T12:19:19
|
# Lefferts Boulevard
**Lefferts Boulevard** is a major north–south thoroughfare in Queens, New York City, running through the communities of Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, and South Ozone Park. Its northern end is at Kew Gardens Road, in Kew Gardens, and its southern end is located within John F. Kennedy International Airport. Lefferts Boulevard intersects with other major roads such as Metropolitan Avenue, Jamaica Avenue, and Atlantic Avenue. It is 119th Street for its entire run.
## Name
The road is named for the influential Lefferts family, who played a significant role in the development of the area. The family, who extended their land holdings also in Brooklyn, Long Island, and New Jersey, was among the early Dutch settlers in the region, and their presence and contributions left a lasting mark on the community.
## Transportation
Under MTA Regional Bus Operations, Lefferts Boulevard is served by the following:
* The Q10 Limited serves the entire boulevard north of Pan Am Road, and is joined with the QM18 express at 135th Avenue and the Q10 local at Rockaway Boulevard. All Q10 service to JFK Airport originates at Austin Street.
+ Under the Queens Bus Redesign, all Q10 buses would serve the Limited portion.
* The Q37 runs between 133rd and 135th Avenues.
The following New York City Subway stations serve the corridor:
Near its southern end, the boulevard is also served by AirTrain JFK at said stop.
* The Q3 and B15 buses are currently using the boulevard to terminate at the AirTrain stop due to construction at JFK Airport’s Terminal 5, respectively north from Pan Am Road and south from either Nassau Expressway (JFK), or North Conduit Avenue (Brooklyn).
|
15,594,532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lederzeele
|
Lederzeele
|
Lederzeele is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Saint-Omer.
| 2024-08-19T08:32:43
|
# Lederzeele
**Lederzeele** (from Flemish; *Lederzele* in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It is 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Saint-Omer.
## Heraldry
| | The arms of Lederzeele are blazoned :<br>*Azure billetty, on a bend Or 3 martlets gules.* <br><br><br> |
| --- | --- |
## InfoBox
| Lederzeele Lederzele | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Lederzeele | |
| | |
| Location of Lederzeele | |
| LederzeeleLederzeele | |
| Coordinates: 50°49′21″N 2°18′01″E / 50.8225°N 2.3003°E / 50.8225; 2.3003 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Nord |
| Arrondissement | Dunkirk |
| Canton | Wormhout |
| Intercommunality | Hauts de Flandre |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Michel Delforge |
| Area<sup>**1**</sup> | 8.64 km<sup>2</sup> (3.34 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 692 |
| Density | 80/km<sup>2</sup> (210/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Lederzeelois |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 59337 /59143 |
| Elevation | 4–41 m (13–135 ft) <br>(avg. 33 m or 108 ft) |
| <sup>**1**</sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
|
17,887,162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisa_Goodman
|
Leisa Goodman
|
Leisa Goodman is an American official of the Church of Scientology. As of 2005, she served as the Human Rights Director for the Church of Scientology International. She had previously served as a spokesperson for the Church and served as its media relations director. In her capacity as media relations director she managed Church of Scientology websites, presented the church's viewpoints about its conflict with critics on the Internet to the media, and traveled to Germany on a six-month fact finding mission to investigate the country's treatment of Scientologists.
| 2023-10-01T03:45:04
|
# Leisa Goodman
**Leisa Goodman** is an American official of the Church of Scientology. As of 2005, she served as the Human Rights Director for the Church of Scientology International. She had previously served as a spokesperson for the Church and served as its media relations director.
In her capacity as media relations director she managed Church of Scientology websites, presented the church's viewpoints about its conflict with critics on the Internet to the media, and traveled to Germany on a six-month fact finding mission to investigate the country's treatment of Scientologists.
## Career
In 1990 Goodman was a spokesperson for the Church of Scientology out of the L. Ron Hubbard Office of Public Relations in Los Angeles, California. Goodman was a spokesperson for the Church of Scientology International in 1993 and 1994. In 1995, Goodman served as the media relations director for the Church of Scientology, and in this role she managed Scientology websites, and responded to the media about the Church of Scientology's attempts to curtail the spread of their documents on the Internet. Jim McClellan of *The Observer* recommended Goodman's home page at www.theta.com for information about Scientology's perspective on its conflict with critics on the Internet. As media relations director she traveled to Germany in 1997 on a six-month fact finding mission to investigate the treatment of Scientologists in the country. She told the *Los Angeles Daily News* that she spoke with 200 Scientologists who said that they experienced adverse effects due to being members of the Church of Scientology including losing their jobs and having their bank accounts closed. Goodman defended the Church of Scientology's analogy to the Nazis in describing Germany's treatment of Psychiatrists, saying "We know it is not a popular thing to say. But the truth isn't always popular."
Goodman traveled to Clearwater, Florida along with other high-ranking members of the Church of Scientology including then-head of Scientology's Office of Special Affairs Mike Rinder and general counsel Elliot Abelson, to attend a counter-protest and response to an organized protest by critics of Scientology held in front of the Church of Scientology's Fort Harrison Hotel in March 1997. Critics including Jeff Jacobsen, David S. Touretzky and others were protesting the death of Lisa McPherson while under the care of members of the Church of Scientology, and Goodman explained to the *St. Petersburg Times* that Scientologists who live in Clearwater did not want the critics' protest to transpire without a response: "They're not about to stand by and do nothing. They've got First Amendment rights. They take it very personally. This is their town."
Goodman was the Human Rights Director for the Church of Scientology International since 1997, and as of 2002 worked out of Scientology offices in Los Angeles.
## Further reading
## InfoBox
| Leisa Goodman | |
| --- | --- |
| Employer | Church of Scientology International |
| Title | Human Rights Director, Church of Scientology International |
|
54,441,864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_van_Dalen
|
Leon van Dalen
|
Leon van Dalen is a Dutch association footballer in the position of midfielder, who played professionally in FC Dordrecht and FC Oss. He is also an education professional.
| 2024-09-02T15:47:24
|
# Leon van Dalen
**Leon van Dalen** (Papendrecht, 28 January 1979) is a Dutch association footballer in the position of midfielder, who played professionally in FC Dordrecht and FC Oss. He is also an education professional.
## Career
After youth teams at VV Drechtstreek and FC Dordrecht, Leon van Dalen played in the Eerste Divisie for FC Dordrecht (1988–2004) and FC Oss (2004–2008). He continued to play football at ASWH and VV Drechtstreek. He is the father of two kids, footballer Rens van Dalen (2007) and Eva van Dalen.
In 1997 Van Dalen received a teaching certificate and has taught ever since. Since he 2003 he also engages in education management and consulting. Alongside, he coaches youth teams at VV Drechtstreek.
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4,116,182
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Hayes
|
Leila Hayes
|
Leila Hayes is an retired Australian actress, actors agent, radio presenter, playwright, producer, singer and drama teacher, she primarily featured in guest roles in soap operas and miniseries, prior to her regular role in 1980s soap opera Sons and Daughters as matriarch Beryl Palmer appearing throughout its entire run, opposite Tom Richards as her husband David, in the series she was well known for her regular clashes with Rowena Wallaces iconic Patrica Hamilton.
| 2024-08-18T09:48:52
|
# Leila Hayes
**Leila Hayes** (born c.1941/1942) is an retired Australian actress, actors agent, radio presenter, playwright, producer, singer and drama teacher, she primarily featured in guest roles in soap operas and miniseries, prior to her regular role in 1980s soap opera *Sons and Daughters* as matriarch Beryl Palmer (later Hamilton) appearing throughout its entire run, opposite Tom Richards as her husband David, in the series she was well known for her regular clashes with Rowena Wallaces iconic Patrica Hamilton.
## Biography
Hayes was born in Dimboola, AustralIa around 1941-1942 and began her career as a singer before starting her acting career in the early 1970s in guest roles in Crawford Productions drama series *Homicide*, *Division 4*, *Matlock Police*, *Bluey*, *Cop Shop*, and *The Sullivans*.
Hayes also acted in television miniseries, including *Power Without Glory* (1976), and some TV movies. In 1981 she appeared in several episodes of *Prisoner* as brothel madam Jeannie Baxter and was in an early episode of *A Country Practice*. The same episode starred Peter Phelps who played her stepson John in *Sons and Daughters* only a few months later.
Hayes also acted on stage, taking the leading role of April Delaney in comedy *Dimboola* ran her and worked in talkback radio.
She has mainly retired from acting since 1992 (except for a short film in 2005) and lives a private life and rarely attending reunions or conventions. Since then she ran her own actors school called *The Leila Hayes Drama Studio*
## Filmography
### Film
| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | *Blue Fire Lady* | Old Lady | Feature film |
| 2005 | *Chasing Down the Dawn* | Margot | Film short |
### Television
| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1971–76 | *Homicide* | Mrs. Sullivan / Norma Franks / Policewoman Quinn / Joan Hansen / Gloria Mason / Libby Marshall | TV series, 6 episodes |
| 1971–74 | *Division 4* | Marge Reilly / Mrs. Darcy / Mrs. Arnot / Martha Moore / Pat Green / Dorrie / Mrs. Wright / Miss Hobbs / Smithy’s Mother / Jean / Alison Scott | TV series, 11 episodes |
| 1971–74 | *Matlock Police* | Natalie / Jean Stewart / Norma Richards | TV series, 3 episodes |
| 1971-73 | *Penthouse Club* | Herself - Singer | TV series, 3 episodes |
| 1975 | *Cash and Company* | Lola | TV series, Season 1, 1 episode |
| 1976 | *The Professional Touch* | | Teleplay |
| 1976 | *Bellbird* | | TV series, 1 episode |
| 1976 | *Power Without Glory* | Florrie Robinson | TV miniseries, Season 1, 6 episodes |
| 1976; 1977 | *Bluey* | Georgie | TV series, Season 1, 2 episodes |
| 1978–79 | *Cop Shop* | Mrs. Ward / Mrs. Selby / Marjorie Brown / Joan | TV series, 4 episodes |
| 1978 | *The Truckies* | | TV series, Season 1, 1 episode |
| 1978 | *The Sullivans* | Anne Watson | TV series, 4 episodes |
| 1979 | *Twenty Good Years* | Joyce Fielding | TV series, Season 1, 1 episode |
| 1981 | *Prisoner* | Jeannie Baxter | TV series, Season 3, 4 episodes |
| 1981 | *I Can Jump Puddles* | Miss. Bryce | TV Miniseries; 1 episode |
| 1981; 1990–91 | *A Country Practice* | Sue Bushell | TV series, 2 episodes |
| 1982–87 | *Sons and Daughters* | Beryl Palmer / Beryl Hamilton / Ruby Hawkins | TV series, Seasons 1–6; 966 episodes |
| 1982 | *M.P.S.I.B.* | Judith Levine | TV series, Season 1; 1 episode |
| 1984 | *Miss N.S.W 1984* | Guest - Herself | TV special |
| 1986 | *Punchlines* | Herself | TV special |
| 1989 | *60 Minutes* | Herself (with Abigail) | TV series, 1 episode |
| 1990–1991 | *A Country Practice* Mrs. Burns | TV series, Seasons 1; 10–11; 3 episodes |
| 1992 | *Boys from the Bush* | Daphne | TV series, Season 2, 1 episode |
| 1994 | *Good Morning Australia* | Guest | TV series, 1 episode |
1. "AUSSIE SOAP STARS WHO VANISHED!".
2. Atterton, Margot. (Ed.) *The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Australian Showbiz*, Sunshine Books, 1984. ISBN 0-86777-057-0 p 86
## InfoBox
| Leila Hayes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Leila Hayes<br>c. 1941/1942 (aged 82-83)<br>Dimboola, Victoria, Australia |
| Occupations | * Actress * actors agent * playwright * radio personality * theatre producer * singer * drama teacher and drama school founder * singer |
| Years active | 1971–1992, 2005 (film & television actress) |
| Spouse | Ron Connelly |
| Children | Melissa Connelly |
|
36,582,654
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Lindegren
|
Lennart Lindegren
|
Lennart Lindegren is a member of the staff at Lund Observatory, Sweden, where he obtained his PhD in 1980, and became a full professor of astronomy in 2000. Space astrometry and its various applications has been his main focus in astronomy since 1976. His career has been marked by his continuous involvement in, leadership of, and profound contributions to, ESA's Hipparcos and Gaia missions over their entire duration.
| 2023-02-15T19:33:28
|
# Lennart Lindegren
**Lennart Lindegren** is a member of the staff at Lund Observatory, Sweden, where he obtained his PhD in 1980, and became a full professor of astronomy in 2000. Space astrometry and its various applications has been his main focus in astronomy since 1976. His career has been marked by his continuous involvement in, leadership of, and profound contributions to, ESA's Hipparcos and Gaia missions over their entire duration.
## Contributions to Hipparcos
During the early studies of ESA's Hipparcos space astrometry mission, and while still a graduate student in 1976, he was "recruited" to the project by Erik Høg and thereafter played a crucial role in various aspects of the mission definition and in the data analysis. He set out the overall principles of the astrometric data reduction aiming to combine and solve together the attitude, the system and the astrometric parameters of the stars. This crucial '3-step procedure' was used successfully by the two consortia (NDAC and FAST) later entrusted by ESA with the Hipparcos data processing.
The principle of reconstructing space astrometric positions from one-dimensional observations carried out in the innovative Hipparcos sky scanning mode was fully original (and frequently questioned outside the project), and at the very limit of available computational power even by the end of the mission in 1997. The numerical principles had to be demonstrated, together with the solution’s statistical properties. Already by the end of 1976, Lindegren had produced a set of definitive technical notes and simulations showing how to obtain a 'rigid sphere' with all astrometric parameters from a scanning satellite. Innovation, efficiency, completeness, clarity, and mathematical rigour have been the hallmarks of his many and varied fundamental contributions to space astrometry since that time.
From 1990 Lennart Lindegren led the Consortium NDAC (Northern Data Analysis Consortium) sharing with FAST (led by Jean Kovalevsky) the data processing of Hipparcos. In addition to the overall scientific coordinating responsibilities, he developed many of the approaches and algorithms related to the mission: his innovation, insight, and mathematical rigour impacted the optical and focal plane design, the instrument calibration, the scanning law, the attitude determination (and the associated 'dynamical smoothing'), the double star analysis (as observed via a signal modulated by a grid), the effects of chromaticity and thermal load fluctuations, the optimum combination of the NDAC and FAST catalogue solutions, and the link to an extragalactic reference frame.
He was member of ESA's Hipparcos Science Team for the entire duration of the project (1976–1997).
Erik Høg has written: "A new era of my life began on 1 September 1973 when I returned to Denmark with my family of five, after 15 years in Hamburg. I had obtained a tenure at the Copenhagen University where I was going to work on the construction of automatic control of the meridian circle in Brorfelde. Very soon, however, I heard of a young student at Lund Observatory who worked alone on modernizing the old meridian circle there. I went to Lund and 'found' Lennart. A few years later, Andrew Murray, my old colleague and member of the Hipparcos science team, would say: 'Erik, the best you have ever done for astronomy was to find Lennart!' and I agreed". Later Høg writes: "Of his numerous papers I will only mention two. He wrote a paper on 'Photoelectric astrometry', a subject I had proposed, where he systematically discussed the performance of methods for precise image location from observations. It remains a classical paper. The second paper to mention is about the rigidity of the celestial coordinate system obtained by the one-dimensional observations in a scanning satellite as TYCHO/Option A/Hipparcos. The question was asked in 1976 as mentioned above, but it took years before we had the answer which was affirmative. The study was led by Lennart and contains his brilliant mathematical analysis of the simulations, but he modestly left the position as first author to another person."
## Contributions to *Gaia*
Before the Hipparcos Catalogue was published, he was the first (with Michael Perryman), to set forth a new proposal for a more ambitious mission in terms of accuracy and sensitivity, resting on the same fundamental principles as Hipparcos. This was initially Roemer, and finally *Gaia*, eventually selected by ESA in 2000 (for a projected launch in 2012), and actually launched in December 2013. Again, Lennart Lindegren was instrumental in the initial design of what was in the early phase an interferometer and in the assessment of the astrometric accuracy achievable. He also led the detailed design of the overall scheme of the astrometric solution, being a block iterative adjustment determining the attitude, the calibration and the system directly from the CCD images. This Astrometric Global Iterative Solution (AGIS) is now fully operational within the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC).
Lindegren was a member of the ESA Gaia Science Advisory Group before mission selection, and the *Gaia* Science Team since selection in 2000.
Within the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC), Lindegren leads the scientific implementation of the Astrometric Global Iterative Solution, a core element in the astrometric processing of the Gaia data. Between 2006–2010 he was project coordinator for the Marie Curie Research Training Network ELSA (European Leadership in Space Astrometry), aiming to develop the science of space astrometry and train the next generation of researchers in this area. Since 2010 he has served on the committee of the European Science Foundation's Research Networking Programme 'GREAT' (Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training).
## Publications
Lindegren's publications include more than 90 refereed papers on astrometry, reference frames, data processing, spectroscopy and instrument design. Besides those in space astrometry, a frequently cited paper deals with solar physics and the role of convection on the line profile, and another considers in a very general way the atmospheric limitations on small-field astrometry. He is a co-author of the canonical paper on the IAU 2000 'Resolutions for Astrometry, Celestial Mechanics, and Metrology in the Relativistic Framework'.
Crucially, the bulk of his contributions to space astrometry has been in the form of a series of unpublished technical notes for Hipparcos and *Gaia*, amounting to some 200 documents totalling around 3000 pages. Timely, meticulous, rigorous, and often the final word on a given topic, they have been of immense value to the development and definition of these two projects. In addition to the mathematical principles they frequently include working algorithms (often with source code when relevant). Amongst them are, for Hipparcos, the three-step astrometric reduction, optimization of the scanning law, notes on the imaging properties used for the multiple star analysis, assessment of chromatic effects, attitude developments, and many others.
For *Gaia*, his technical notes cover the mathematical and statistical aspects of the *Gaia* instrument and processing (including the attitude determination and its mathematical representation with quaternions and splines), the modelling of the point/line spread functions, the CCD geometric calibrations, broad band photometry design, maximum likelihood determination of the CCD image centroiding, differential equations and optimal properties of the scanning law, along with the subtle systematic effects in astrometry caused by instrumental misalignments. All these important results that led to developments in the on-board metrology or to fundamental implementations in the processing, have appeared only in the form of technical notes, and therefore remain largely unknown outside of the Hipparcos and Gaia groups.
## Awards
On 19 May 1999, Lindegren was awarded the ESA's Director of Science Medal for his extraordinary efforts in ESA's scientific missions. At a ceremony in Bern, Switzerland, the first four medals were presented to scientific consortia leaders of the Hipparcos mission: Catherine Turon and Jean Kovalevsky from France, Lennart Lindegren from Sweden, and Erik Høg from Denmark.
In 2009, Lindegren was elected as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 2011, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Paris Observatory, in recognition of his fundamental contributions to space astrometry over more than 30 years. In 2022 he received the Shaw Prize in Astronomy jointly with Michael Perryman.
## InfoBox
| Lennart Lindegren | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Born | 1950<br>Sweden |
| Known for | Astronomy, space astrometry, Hipparcos and Gaia missions |
| Awards | ESA Director of Science Medal (1999)<br>Fellow of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2010)<br>Honorary Doctorate of Paris Observatory (2011)<br>Shaw Prize (2022) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Astronomy, astrometry, space science |
| Institutions | Lund Observatory, Lund University |
| Doctoral advisor | Tord Elvius, Erik Høg |
| | |
| Website | Personal Homepage |
| Notes | |
| List of publications (ADS) | |
|
32,501,183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennox,_Wisconsin
|
Lennox, Wisconsin
|
Lennox is an unincorporated community located in the town of Schoepke, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. Lennox is located on County Highway B 18.5 miles (29.8 km) east-southeast of Rhinelander. Lennox is located just north of the unincorporated community of Jennings, Wisconsin. The community is named after Lenox, Massachusetts, which took its name from Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond.
| 2023-07-26T22:38:30
|
# Lennox, Wisconsin
**Lennox** is an unincorporated community located in the town of Schoepke, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. Lennox is located on County Highway B 18.5 miles (29.8 km) east-southeast of Rhinelander. Lennox is located just north of the unincorporated community of Jennings, Wisconsin. The community is named after Lenox, Massachusetts, which took its name from Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond.
## InfoBox
| Lennox, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Lennox, WisconsinLennox, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 45°30′43″N 89°04′18″W / 45.51194°N 89.07167°W / 45.51194; -89.07167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Oneida |
| Elevation | 494 m (1,621 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1577697 |
|
10,866,486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennooideae
|
Lennooideae
|
Lennooideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants of southwestern North America and northwestern South America. The relationships of this subfamily to other plants remain uncertain. It was traditionally treated at family rank as Lennoaceae, and placed in different orders by different authors, including Lamiales and Solanales. More recently, molecular phylogenetic publications grouped it within the clade "Euasterids I", and most recently, it was demoted to a subfamily of the family Boraginaceae in the APG II system. This subfamily has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Colombia as well as a separate area in southwestern North America, covering parts of California, Arizona and Mexico. It consists of up to three genera, Ammobroma, Lennoa and Pholisma, which among them hold around five species, including the desert Christmas tree, Pholisma arenarium, and sandfood, Pholisma sonorae. Members of this subfamily are succulent, herbaceous plants with no chlorophyll. The leaves are reduced to short scales, and the plants are entirely parasitic on the roots of their hosts, which are typically Clematis, Euphorbia or various woody Asteraceae.
| 2023-06-15T11:16:46
|
# Lennooideae
**Lennooideae** is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants of southwestern North America and northwestern South America.
The relationships of this subfamily to other plants remain uncertain. It was traditionally treated at family rank as **Lennoaceae**, and placed in different orders by different authors, including Lamiales (in the Cronquist system) and Solanales (Dahlgren system). More recently, molecular phylogenetic publications grouped it within the clade "Euasterids I", and most recently, it was demoted to a subfamily of the family Boraginaceae in the APG II system.
This subfamily has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Colombia as well as a separate area in southwestern North America, covering parts of California, Arizona and Mexico. It consists of up to three genera, *Ammobroma*, *Lennoa* and *Pholisma*, which among them hold around five species, including the desert Christmas tree, *Pholisma arenarium*, and sandfood, *Pholisma sonorae*.
Members of this subfamily are succulent, herbaceous plants with no chlorophyll. The leaves are reduced to short scales, and the plants are entirely parasitic on the roots of their hosts, which are typically *Clematis*, *Euphorbia* or various woody Asteraceae.
## InfoBox
| Lennooideae | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| *Pholisma arenarium* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lennooideae<br>Craven |
|
| Genera | |
| | |
|
72,539,161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena_Northern_Buckner
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Lena Northern Buckner
|
Lena Northern Buckner was an American social worker, a pioneer in this work among patients at the Oteen Veterans Administration Hospital. She was also a civic and religious leader in North Carolina.
| 2024-01-10T20:26:59
|
# Lena Northern Buckner
**Lena Northern Buckner** (née, **Northern**; August 6, 1875 – December 6, 1939) was an American social worker, a pioneer in this work among patients at the Oteen Veterans Administration Hospital. She was also a civic and religious leader in North Carolina.
## Early life and education
Lena Mary (or Marie) Northern was born in Lexington, Virginia, August 6, 1875.
She was educated at Ann Smith Academy, Lexington, and Wesleyan Female Institute, Staunton, Virginia.
## Career
She was identified with social and charitable work in North Carolina, having been especially active in the Baraca-Philathea Union of North Carolina, an organization dedicated to Christian service among the poor and needy. Buckner was elected general secretary of the Union in July 1917, and since that time, the society came into special prominence through its work in the United States Public Health Service Hospitals and other places where sick and wounded former service men and women were cared for. A unique and very successful feature of this work was the "Pollyanna" game, inaugurated by Buckner. The names of sick soldiers and sailors were put in capsules and given to girls who agreed to play Pollyanna to their "Capsule" for 30 days, sending some little reminder to the invalid every day, such as letters, candy, cake, fruit, or anything that would cheer the monotonous life of a hospital patient. At the end of a month, the girl disclosed her identity, and the game could be continued if desired. A similar game, called "Daddy Long Legs", was inaugurated for sick nurses.
The Baraca-Philathea Union was very helpful in cooperating with the Law Enforcement League of North Carolina to make the Prohibition laws more effective. Buckner was a member of the board of directors of the latter organization, and convention secretary for the term 1921-23. She was also a field secretary for the Anti-Saloon League of North Carolina, and was active in reporting violations of the Prohibition laws.
Buckner was affiliated with the Asheville Club for Women, North Carolina Baraca-Philathea Association (general secretary), national Baraca-Philathea group (vice-president), and the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
## Personal life
She married Neptune Buckner, of Asheville, North Carolina, July 19, 1898, and thereafter made her home in Asheville. The couple divorced in August 1939.
Lena Northern Buckner died in Asheville, December 6, 1939.
1. Cherrington, Ernest Hurst (1925). "BUCKNER, LENA MARY (NORTHERN)". *Standard Encyclopedia of the Alcohol Problem*. Vol. 2. American Issue Publishing Company. p. 445. Retrieved 20 December 2022 via Internet Archive. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. "Obituary, Lena Northern Buckner. Died, Asheville, North Carolina, December 6, 1939". *Asheville Citizen-Times*. 7 December 1939. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2022 via Newspapers.com.
3. "Northern-Buckner". *Lexington Gazette*. 27 July 1898. p. 3. Retrieved 22 December 2022 via Newspapers.com. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. "CIRCUIT COURT". *The Tampa Tribune*. 11 August 1939. p. 18. Retrieved 20 December 2022 via Newspapers.com.
|
55,457,391
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonel_Teller
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Leonel Teller
|
Leonel Teller is a Nicaraguan hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
| 2023-05-22T19:21:08
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# Leonel Teller
**Leonel Teller** (born 29 March 1961) is a Nicaraguan hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
## InfoBox
Leonel Teller
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Nicaraguan |
| Born | (1961-03-29) 29 March 1961 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Track and field |
| Event | 400 metres hurdles |
|
39,647,455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Tochowicz
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Leon Tochowicz
|
Leon Tochowicz was a Polish internist and cardiologist. For three terms he was a rector of the Medical Academy in Kraków (1957–65), and was referred to as the "founder of the Kraków school of cardiology". He was the author of nearly one hundred original research papers, mostly in the field of clinical cardiology, and was the initiator of the construction of the Institute of Pediatrics in Kraków-Prokocim, nowadays the University Children's Hospital in Kraków. Fighting in the ranks of the Polish Army, he took part in the Polish–Soviet War (1918–1920) and in the 1939 Defensive War. In November 1939 he was imprisoned during the Sonderaktion Krakau action, and was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
| 2023-05-26T12:49:33
|
# Leon Tochowicz
**Leon Tochowicz** (18 July 1897 – 29 July 1965) was a Polish internist and cardiologist.
For three terms he was a rector of the Medical Academy in Kraków (1957–65), and was referred to as the "founder of the Kraków school of cardiology". He was the author of nearly one hundred original research papers, mostly in the field of clinical cardiology, and was the initiator of the construction of the Institute of Pediatrics in Kraków-Prokocim, nowadays the University Children's Hospital in Kraków.
Fighting in the ranks of the Polish Army, he took part in the Polish–Soviet War (1918–1920) and in the 1939 Defensive War. In November 1939 he was imprisoned during the Sonderaktion Krakau action, and was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
## Biography
He was born in the village of Igołomia as the son of Leon Tochowicz, a merchant, and Dorota née Nawrocka. In 1918 he volunteered for the Polish Army to take part in the war against the Bolsheviks. In 1920 he started studies in medicine at the Jagiellonian University. He obtained Ph.D. in medical sciences in 1926, after which he started working at the University as an assistant at the First Department of Internal Medicine. He received the habilitation in internal medicine on 12 July 1938.
He took part in the 1939 Defensive War as a medical officer. On 6 November 1939, as part of the Sonderaktion Krakau action, together with a group of other professors and lecturers of the Jagiellonian University, he was arrested by the Germans and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After his release in 1940, he returned to Kraków and ran a private medical practice.
After the war, Tochowicz continued his academic work. He extended it to organizational activity, taking over in 1947, as the newly appointed professor, the leadership of the First Department of Internal Medicine at the Jagiellonian University. In 1956 he obtained the title of full professor. In the years 1954–57 he held the position of vice-rector, and in 1957–65 he was the rector of the Medical Academy in Kraków. In the 1960s he was the initiator of the construction of the Institute of Pediatrics in Kraków-Prokocim, nowadays the University Children's Hospital in Kraków. He was the vice-president of the Main Board of the Polish Cardiac Society (1954–1961) and the President of the Kraków Branch of the Polish Cardiac Society.
He worked mostly in the field of clinical cardiology, focusing, among others, on atherosclerosis and hypertension. He was the author of nearly one hundred original research papers in scientific journals. He is considered to be a pioneer of preventive cardiology in Poland.
He was a teacher of a number of cardiologists. Twenty-two doctors defended their doctoral thesis under his supervision, as well as ninety-six students of medical specialization. Among Tochowicz's students there were Władysław Król, Tadeusz Horzela and Leon Cholewa. Tochowicz's achievements in didactic activities made that he was by some referred to as the "founder of the Kraków school of cardiology".
He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Order of the Banner of Work (first class).
Tochowicz died in 1965 in Kraków. He was buried in the Avenue of the Meritorious of the Rakowicki Cemetery.
Stanisław Tochowicz, a metallurgist, was his relative.
## Works (selection)
* "Zachowanie się tryptofanu i histydyny w przebiegu choroby Biermera". *Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej* (2). Kraków: 1151–1159. 1936.
* "Wartość kliniczna przednio-tylnego odprowadzenia w elektrokardiografii". *Polska Gazeta Lekarska*. **42** (15). Lwów. 1936.
* "Recherches sur la fluctuation du taux sanguin du tryptophane et de l'histidine au cours de la maladie de Biermar". *Folia Haematologica*. Leipzig: Ak. Verlagsgesellschaft: 240–248. 1936.
* "Recherches sur la fluctuation du taux des acides aminés chez les sujets atteints d'anémie pernicieuse de Biermer et chez les sujets atteints d'anémie posthémorragique". *Folia Haematologica*. Leipzig: Ak. Verlagsgesellschaft: 249–268. 1936.
* "Über den klinischen Wert der dorso-ventralen Ableitung in der Elektrokariographie". *Zeitschrift für Kreislaufforschung*. Dresden: T. Steinkopff: 712–727. 1937.
* *Badania kliniczne nad wpływem wody ze śródła "Karola" w Iwoniczu, na wydzielanie soku żołądkowego, treści dwunastnicowej oraz na przemianę spoczynkową*. 1937.
* "Wskazania i przeciwskazania dla leczenia klimato-balneo-hydrologicznego schorzeń układu krążenia". *Acta Balneologica Polonica*. **4** (2). Kraków. 1938.
* *Badania kliniczne, doświadczalne i anatomo-patologiczne nad zachowaniem się układu krążenia w nadtarczyności*. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności. 1938.
* *Gruźlica jako zagadnienie społeczne wśród młodzieży akademickiej*. Warszawa: Lekarski Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy. 1946.
* *Zarys historii Krakowskiej Szkoły Medycznej: w 600-lecie Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie*. Kraków: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 1962. English translation made by the author published that same year. German and French translations published in 1963.
* *Sześćsetlecie medycyny krakowskiej: w sześćsetlecie Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego*. Vol. 2. Kraków: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 1964. English translation published that same year.
## Commemoration
One of the streets in Kraków, in the district Swoszowice, was named after Leon Tochowicz.
## InfoBox
| Leon Tochowicz | |
| --- | --- |
| Leon Tochowicz - during the march on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of Jagiellonian University (Krakow, 10 May 1964) | |
| Born | (1897-07-18)18 July 1897<br>Igołomia |
| Died | 29 July 1965(1965-07-29) (aged 68)<br>Kraków |
| Citizenship | Polish |
| Occupation(s) | physician<br>cardiologist |
| Parent(s) | Leon Tochowicz<br>Dorota née Nawrocka |
|
5,952,591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Downie_Jr.
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Leonard Downie Jr.
|
Leonard "Len" Downie Jr. is an American journalist who was executive editor of The Washington Post from 1991 to 2008. He worked in the Post newsroom for 44 years. His roles at the newspaper included executive editor, managing editor, national editor, London correspondent, assistant managing editor for metropolitan news, deputy metropolitan editor, and investigative and local reporter. Downie became executive editor upon the retirement of Ben Bradlee. During Downie's tenure as executive editor, the Washington Post won 25 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper had won during the term of a single executive editor. Downie currently serves as vice president at large at the Washington Post, as Weil Family Professor of Journalism at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University, and as a member of several advisory boards associated with journalism and public affairs. Downie is the author of six nonfiction books: All About the Story: News, Power, Politics, and the Washington Post (2020); The News Media: What Everyone Needs To Know; The News About the News; The New Muckrakers (1976); Mortgage on America (1974) and Justice Denied: The Case for Reform of the Courts (1971) The News About the News won the Goldsmith Award from the Joan Shorenstein Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Downie was also a major contributor to Ten Blocks from the White House: Anatomy of the Washington Riots of 1968 and has written many newspaper and magazine articles. He authored two major special reports for the Committee to Protect Journalists, The Trump Administration and the Press (2020) and The Obama Administration and the Press (2013) and co-authored “The Reconstruction of American Journalism” (2009), a major report on the state of the news media, published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. In 2009, Random House published his fiction debut, The Rules of the Game.
| 2024-07-23T00:23:47
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# Leonard Downie Jr.
**Leonard "Len" Downie Jr.** is an American journalist who was executive editor of *The Washington Post* from 1991 to 2008. He worked in the *Post* newsroom for 44 years. His roles at the newspaper included executive editor, managing editor, national editor, London correspondent, assistant managing editor for metropolitan news, deputy metropolitan editor, and investigative and local reporter. Downie became executive editor upon the retirement of Ben Bradlee. During Downie's tenure as executive editor, the *Washington Post* won 25 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper had won during the term of a single executive editor. Downie currently serves as vice president at large at the *Washington Post*, as Weil Family Professor of Journalism at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University, and as a member of several advisory boards associated with journalism and public affairs.
Downie is the author of six nonfiction books: *All About the Story: News, Power, Politics, and the Washington Post* (2020); *The News Media: What Everyone Needs To Know* (with C.W. Anderson and Michael Schudson, 2016); *The News About the News* (with Robert G. Kaiser, 2003); *The New Muckrakers* (1976); *Mortgage on America* (1974) and *Justice Denied: The Case for Reform of the Courts* (1971) *The News About the News* won the Goldsmith Award from the Joan Shorenstein Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Downie was also a major contributor to *Ten Blocks from the White House: Anatomy of the Washington Riots of 1968* and has written many newspaper and magazine articles. He authored two major special reports for the Committee to Protect Journalists, *The Trump Administration and the Press* (2020) and *The Obama Administration and the Press* (2013) and co-authored “The Reconstruction of American Journalism” (2009), a major report on the state of the news media, published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. In 2009, Random House published his fiction debut, *The Rules of the Game*.
## Early life and education
Downie grew up in and around Cleveland, Ohio. He decided to become a journalist at the age of eleven and edited student newspapers at his elementary school and at Wilbur Wright Junior High School and John Marshall High School. He received his BA and MA degrees in journalism and political science from Ohio State University. While at Ohio State, he served as sports editor of the student newspaper *The Lantern*. During his tenure there he covered Ohio State football as well as the riots that surrounded the school's decision to turn down a bid to the 1962 Rose Bowl. In June 1993, he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Ohio State, in conjunction with his address during the university's commencement exercises. Downie has been married three times. He has four children and two stepchildren. His eldest son, David L. Downie, is a scholar of international environmental policy.
## Career
Downie first joined the *Washington Post* as a summer intern in 1964. He soon became a well-known local investigative reporter in Washington, specializing in crime, courts, housing and urban affairs. His 1966 investigative series on the malfunctioning local court system in Washington, D.C. helped lead to the system's abolition and replacement by the D.C. Superior Court. His reporting during his time on the metro staff won him two Washington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild Front Page awards, the American Bar Association Gavel Award for legal reporting, and the John Hancock Award for excellent business and financial writing. In 1971, he was awarded a two-year Alicia Patterson Journalism Fellowship to study urban problems in the United States and Europe.
Downie's first three books grew out of his newspaper journalism during those years. *Justice Denied* (Praeger, 1971) examined poorly functioning city courts across the country. *Mortgage on America* (Praeger, 1974) investigated the impact and costs of certain types of destructive urban real estate speculation. *The New Muckrakers* (New Republic Books, 1976) detailed the rise and impact of a new generation of investigative reporters, including his colleagues Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. Earlier, Downie had also been a major contributor to the book, *Ten Blocks From the White House: Anatomy of the Washington Riots of 1968* (Praeger, 1968), drawing on his first hand reporting of the riots and their aftermath.
Downie worked on the *Post's* metropolitan staff as a reporter and editor for 15 years, and ran the staff as assistant managing editor for metropolitan news from 1974 until 1979. As deputy metropolitan editor, Downie supervised much of the *Post's* Watergate coverage. According to Bob Woodward's 2005 book *The Secret Man*, Downie was one of the few people to know the true identity of Watergate scandal informant Deep Throat before it was revealed to be Mark Felt.
Downie was named London correspondent in 1979 and worked in this capacity until mid-1982, covering the rise of Margaret Thatcher, the troubles in Northern Ireland, the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and the Falklands War. He returned to Washington in 1982 as national editor. He became managing editor in 1984. He became executive editor in 1991, succeeding Benjamin Bradlee. As national editor, managing editor, and then executive editor, Downie personally oversaw the *Washington Post's* coverage of every national election from 1984 through 2008.
During his 17 years as executive editor, Downie led the newsroom to 25 Pulitzer Prizes, including three gold medals for public service. Downie's mantra—reflected in routine stories as well as such Pulitzer-winning efforts as the 2007 exposé of shoddy conditions at Walter Reed Army Medical Center—was "accountability journalism." After 44 years in the Post newsroom, Downie retired as executive editor in 2008. That year, the National Press Foundation named Downie the Benjamin Bradlee Editor of the Year.
In 2008, Downie was appointed as vice president at large of the Washington Post Co. In 2009, he became the Weil Family Professor of Journalism at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. Downie is also a founder and board member of Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc (2009–present); a member of the Aspen Institute Commission to Reform the Federal Appointments Process; a former member of the board of directors of the Center for Investigative Reporting (2009–present); chair of the national advisory committee, Kaiser Health News (2009–present); an advisory board member of the Shirley Povich Center for Sports Journalism at the University of Maryland's Philip Merrill College of Journalism; and a director of the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service.
In 2009, Random House published Downie's fictional debut, *The Rules of the Game*. Random House described the book as "a novel of corruption and cover-ups at the highest levels of Washington politics, as a national newspaper digs up the dark secrets of a powerful lobbying firm thereby exposing a network of wrongdoing by government contractors in Iraq that extends all the way to the White House."
In addition to his books, and publications in the *Washington Post*, Downie has written articles for a variety of publications, including the *Columbia Journalism Review*, *The New Republic*, and *Washington Monthly*. In 2009, Downie co-authored, with Columbia University Professor Michael Schudson, a major report on the state of the news media, "The Reconstruction of American Journalism," which was published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
Downie has spoken at Oxford University, Columbia University, Duke University, Ohio State University, Harvard University, Stanford University, Fairfield University, Arizona State University, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Kentucky, Chautauqua, and for the American Society of Newspaper Editors, among others. He gave the Flinn Foundation Centennial Lecture at Arizona State University in October 2008, a keynote address at the Nieman Foundation Seventieth Anniversary Convocation at Harvard University in November 2008, and the keynote address at the 2009 graduation event of the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, a commencement address at Ohio State University, and the James Cameron Memorial Lecture at City University, London, among others. He has been interviewed frequently on network, cable, and local television, on national and local public radio, and by print reporters and academic researchers.
## Awards and honors
* Award for Editorial Leadership, American Society of News Editors, 2009.
* Ben Bradlee Editor of the Year Award, National Press Foundation, 2008.
* Goldsmith Award, Joan Shorenstein Center, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, for *The News About the News* (with Robert G. Kaiser) 2003.
* Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from The Ohio State University, 1993.
* Overseas Press Club Citation for Excellence for coverage of Britain.
* Gavel Award of the American Bar Association for coverage of the courts.
* John Hancock Award for Excellence in Business and Financial Journalism.
* Front Page Award, Washington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild.
* Alicia Patterson Journalism Fellowship.
## Selected publications
Books:
* *All About the Story: News, Power, Politics, and the Washington Post*, PublicAffairs, 2020.
* *The News Media: What Everyone Needs To Know*(with C.W. Anderson and Michael Schudson), Oxford University Press, 2016.
* *The Rules of the Game* (a novel), Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.
* *The News About the News* (with Robert G. Kaiser), Alfred A. Knopf, 2002; Vintage (paperback), 2003.
* *The New Muckrakers*, New Republic Books, 1976; Mentor (paperback), 1978.
* *Mortgage on America*, Frederick A. Praeger, 1974, (paperback) 1975.
* *Justice Denied: The Case for Reform of the Courts*, Frederick A. Praeger, 1971; Penguin (paperback), 1972.
Report:
* *The Trump Administration and the Press* (with research by Stephanie Sugars). A special report of the Committee to Protect Journalists, 2020
* *The Obama Administration and the Press* (with reporting by Sara Rafsky). A special report of the Committee to Protect Journalists, 2013.
* *The Reconstruction of American Journalism* (with Michael Schudson), Columbia University, 2009.
Contributor:
* *Ten Blocks From the White House: Anatomy of the Washington Riots of 1968* (Ben Gilbert and the staff of The Washington Post), Frederick A. Praeger, 1968.
* *Inside the System* (Washington Monthly book edited by Charles Peters and John Rothchild), Frederick A. Praeger, 1973.
Articles:
* Various, including in the *Columbia Journalism Review*, *The New Republic*, *Washington Monthly*, and *The Washington Post*.
## InfoBox
| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Book party hosted by the *Washington Post* for *The News About the News*, February 22, 2002, C-SPAN | |
| *Booknotes* interview with Downie on *The News About the News*, April 7, 2002, C-SPAN | |
| Book party hosted by the Chautauqua Institution for *The News About the News*, July 25, 2002, C-SPAN | |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Drake
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Leonard Drake
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Leonard Drake He was a native of Chicago, Illinois. His collegiate coaching career spanned 33 years serving as head coach and assistant coach in both men's and women's basketball. He ended his career as athletics director at Evansville Central High School in Evansville, IN. Drake was a four-year letterman for the Central Michigan basketball team. He received several honors for his play with the Chippewas.
| 2023-03-22T09:24:58
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# Leonard Drake
**Leonard Drake** (born July 16, 1954 – September 29, 2010) He was a native of Chicago, Illinois. His collegiate coaching career spanned 33 years serving as head coach and assistant coach in both men's and women's basketball. He ended his career as athletics director at Evansville Central High School in Evansville, IN. Drake was a four-year letterman for the Central Michigan basketball team. He received several honors for his play with the Chippewas.
## Coaching
Over Leonard Drake's 33-year career, he was part of eight conference championships, seven conference tournament championships, five NCAA tournaments, four NITs, and one WNIT. He coached NAIA team, Xavier of Louisiana, as well as three teams from the Mid-American Conference (MAC) and one from the Southland Conference.
### Head coaching record
Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Xavier University of Louisiana** *(GCAC (NAIA))* (1984–1985) | | | | | | | | |
| 1984–85 | Xavier (LA) | 13–16 | | | |
| **Central Michigan Chippewas** *(MAC)* (1993–1997) | | | | | | | | |
| 1993–94 | Central Michigan | 5–21 | 4–14 | 9th | |
| 1994–95 | Central Michigan | 323 | 018 | 10th | |
| 1995–96 | Central Michigan | 620 | 315 | 9th | |
| 1996–97 | Central Michigan | 719 | 414 | 10th | |
| **Central Michigan:** | | 2183 (.202) | 1161 (.153) | | | | | |
| **Lamar Lady Cardinals** *(Southland Conference)* (2002–2007) | | | | | | | | |
| 2002–03 | Lamar | 3–24 | 2–18 | 11th | |
| 2003–04 | Lamar | 4–22 | 1–15 | 10th | |
| 2004–05 | Lamar | 9–18 | 3–11 | 11th | |
| 2005–06 | Lamar | 11–16 | 6–8 | 8th | |
| 2006–07 | Lamar | 13–19 | 8–9 | 7th T | |
| **Lamar:** | | 4097 (.292) | 2069 (.225) | | | | | |
| **Total:** | | **74–196 (.274)** | | | | | | | |
| National champion Postseason invitational champion <br>Conference regular season champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion <br>Division regular season champion Division regular season and conference tournament champion <br>Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |
## InfoBox
Leonard Drake
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1954-07-16)July 16, 1954<br>Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | September 29, 2010(2010-09-29) (aged 56)<br>Evansville, Indiana, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1975–1978 | Central Michigan |
| | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1978–1979 | Central Michigan (assistant) |
| 1979–1984 | Xavier (LA) (assistant) |
| 1984–1985 | Xavier (LA) |
| 1985–1993 | Ball State (assoc. HC) |
| 1993–1997 | Central Michigan |
| 1997–2002 | Lamar (assoc. HC) |
| 2002–2007 | Lamar (women's) |
| 2007–2010 | Eastern Michigan (women's asst.) |
| | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 74196 (.274) |
| | |
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401,861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Doroftei
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Leonard Doroftei
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Leonard Dorin Doroftei is a Romanian former boxer, the WBA Lightweight World Champion from 5 January 2002 to 24 October 2003.
| 2024-09-04T02:29:26
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# Leonard Doroftei
**Leonard Dorin Doroftei** (Romanian pronunciation: \[le.oˈnard dorofˈtej\] , also known as *Leonard Dorin*; born 10 April 1970) is a Romanian former boxer, the WBA Lightweight World Champion from 5 January 2002 to 24 October 2003.
## Amateur highlights
Doroftei took up boxing at the age of 14 at the Ploieşti boxing club. From 1983 to 1984, he won every Romanian national junior title. He went on to win four national senior titles in 1992–1994 and 1997. He won bronze medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. In addition, he was declared World Champion in 1995 and European Champion in 1996. His record as an amateur was 239 victories and 15 defeats.
### Olympic results
**1992** (as a Light Welterweight)
**1996** (as a Lightweight)
## Professional career
In 1997, Doroftei turned professional, signing with the Canadian club Interbox. Throughout his career, Dorin competed on ESPN, Showtime, and HBO. On 5 January 2002 he won the WBA world lightweight title, winning in a thrilling split decision over Argentinian boxer Raul Horacio Balbi 112–115, 114–113, 115–112. On 31 May the two fought again in Bucharest; this time, Dorin scored a knockdown en route to a clear cut unanimous decision victory, 118–111, 117–112 and 118–110.
A lightweight title unification bout on 17 May 2003 with American boxer Paul Spadafora, the IBF champion, ended in a draw, 114–114, 115–113, 114–115. The bout took place in Spadafora's hometown of Pittsburgh, and Dorin was a significant underdog. However, Dorin seemed to control the vast majority of the fight. He got to Spadafora early and often, surprising the champ with his intensity and workrate. Most observers agreed that Dorin had been robbed of a decision he deserved. Unfortunately for both fighters and boxing fans, a rematched never materialized.
On 24 October 2003, Doroftei was to fight a match against Panamanian boxer Miguel Callist. Doroftei had already announced that this would be his last professional match regardless of the result. As it turned out, the match was cancelled after Doroftei exceeded the maximum weight for lightweights at the weigh-in: he was 4+14 pounds (1.9 kg) over the 135 pounds (61 kg) weight limit, so he lost his WBA title.
On 24 July 2004, Doroftei lost his undefeated mark when he tried to get the WBC title, getting knocked out with a body shot in two rounds by Arturo Gatti.
## Retirement
He now resides in Romania with his wife and 3 children and is working as a trainer for boxing prospects. He has his own pub-restaurant in Ploieşti, which is decorated with his photos and memories from his boxing career. In November 2012, he was elected President of Romanian Boxing Federation.
## Professional boxing record
| 24 fights | 22 wins | 1 loss |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 8 | 1 |
| By decision | 14 | 0 |
| Draws | 1 | |
| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 24 | Loss | 22–1–1 | Arturo Gatti | KO | 2 (12) | Jul 24, 2004 | Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. | For WBC super lightweight title |
| 23 | Win | 22–0–1 | Charles Tschorniawsky | TKO | 4 (12) | Mar 20, 2004 | Montreal Casino, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 22 | Draw | 21–0–1 | Paul Spadafora | SD | 12 | May 17, 2003 | Petersen Events Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. | Retained WBA lightweight title;<br>For IBF lightweight title |
| 21 | Win | 21–0 | Raul Horacio Balbi | UD | 12 | May 31, 2002 | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest, Romania | Retained WBA lightweight title |
| 20 | Win | 20–0 | Raul Horacio Balbi | SD | 12 | Jan 05, 2002 | Freeman Coliseum, San Antonio, Texas, U.S. | Won WBA lightweight title |
| 19 | Win | 19–0 | Emanuel Augustus | UD | 10 | Sep 28, 2001 | War Memorial Gymnasium, San Francisco, California, U.S. | |
| 18 | Win | 18–0 | Martin O'Malley | TKO | 9 (10) | Jul 21, 2001 | Bally's Atlantic City, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. | O'Malley sustains a hairline fracture in his left ring finger and spends the next six weeks in a cast |
| 17 | Win | 17–0 | Darelle Sukerow | KO | 5 (8) | Dec 15, 2000 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 16 | Win | 16–0 | Gairy St Clair | UD | 10 | Sep 08, 2000 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 15 | Win | 15–0 | Jose Aponte | TKO | 8 (8) | Jun 16, 2000 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 14 | Win | 14–0 | Gustavo Fabian Cuello | SD | 10 | Apr 06, 2000 | Air Canada Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | |
| 13 | Win | 13–0 | Rudolfo Lunsford | UD | 8 | Mar 07, 2000 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 12 | Win | 12–0 | Verdell Smith | UD | 10 | Dec 10, 1999 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 11 | Win | 11–0 | Darien Ford | UD | 8 | Oct 29, 1999 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 10 | Win | 10–0 | Jean-Luc Morin | TKO | 3 (8) | Oct 13, 1999 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 9 | Win | 9–0 | Dillon Carew | PTS | 12 | Apr 30, 1999 | Turning Stone Casino, Verona, New York, U.S. | For WBC Continental Americas super lightweight title |
| 8 | Win | 8–0 | Bernard Harris | SD | 10 | Feb 05, 1999 | Centre Pierre Charbonneau, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 7 | Win | 7–0 | Steve Valdez | TKO | 6 (8) | Nov 27, 1998 | Molson Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Khalil Shakeel | UD | 8 | Nov 06, 1998 | Centre Pierre Charbonneau, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Michael Balagna | KO | 1 (6) | Oct 14, 1998 | Centre Pierre Charbonneau, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Don Sponagle | TKO | 2 (6) | Sep 24, 1998 | Centre Pierre Charbonneau, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Sean Knight | UD | 6 | May 28, 1998 | Westchester County Center, White Plains, New York, U.S. | |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | Martin Aubut | UD | 6 | May 5, 1998 | Pavillon de la Jeunesse, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada | |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Jerry Villareal | UD | 4 | Apr 24, 1998 | Palais Sports Leopold-Drolet, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada | |
## InfoBox
| Leonard Doroftei | |
| --- | --- |
| Doroftei in 2014 | |
| Born | Leonard Dorin Doroftei<br>(1970-04-10) April 10, 1970<br>Ploieşti, Romania |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Other names | The Lion |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) | Lightweight<br>Light welterweight |
| Height | 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 24 |
| Wins | 22 |
| Wins by KO | 8 |
| Losses | 1 |
| Draws | 1 |
| | |
| Medal record Representing Romania Romania National Amateur Boxing Championships 1991 Bucharest -60 kg 1992 Bucharest -63.5 kg 1993 Constanța -63.5 kg 1994 Brăila -60 kg 1997 Bucharest -60 kg Olympic Games 1992 Barcelona -63.5 kg 1996 Atlanta -60 kg World amateur championships 1995 Berlin -60 kg European amateur championships 1993 Bursa -63.5 kg 1996 Vejle -60 kg | |
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20,414,308
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Enright
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Leonard Enright
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Leonard Enright was an Irish hurler who played as a full-back for club side Patrickswell, at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team and at inter-provincial level with Munster.
| 2024-02-10T21:03:13
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# Leonard Enright
**Leonard Enright** (1 July 1953 – 2 November 2018) was an Irish hurler who played as a full-back for club side Patrickswell, at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team and at inter-provincial level with Munster.
## Playing career
### Patrickswell
Enright first played for Patrickswell at under-16 level on a team trained by Richie Bennis. He subsequently progressed onto the club's minor and under-21 teams before eventually making his breakthrough at senior level.
On 23 September 1979, Enright was at right wing-back when he won his first County Championship medal after a 2-16 to 0-16 defeat of Tournafulla in the final.
After surrendering their title and failing to make the final stage over the following two seasons, Patrickswell qualified for the final once again on 12 September 1982. Enright was at full-back for that game and won a second County Championship medal after a 0-17 to 0-15 defeat of Bruree in the final.
Enright was appointed captain of the Patrickswell senior hurling team for the 1983 season. On 11 September 1983, he won a third County Championship medal when he captained the team to a 1-13 to 1-07 defeat of Ballybrown in the final.
Patrickswell secured a third successive County Championship title on 14 October 1984, with Enright winning his fourth championship title overall after a 4-13 to 3-05 defeat of Cappamore in the final.
On 13 September 1987, Enright won a fifth County Championship medal following Patrickswell's 1-17 to 3-10 defeat of Ballybrown in the final.
Patrickswell retained the championship on 16 October 1988 following a 4-10 to 2-06 defeat of Cappamore in a final replay. It was Enright's sixth championship winners' medal. He ended the year by winning a Munster Club Championship medal after Patrickswell's 3-13 to 2-13 defeat of Mount Sion.
Enright won his seventh and final County Championship medal on 21 October 1990 after a 1-15 to 1-12 defeat of Adare. He later claimed a second Munster Club Championship medal following an 0-08 to 0-06 defeat of Éire Óg. On 17 March 1991, Patrickswell lined out against Glenmore in the All-Ireland final. Enright scored a point from play, however, Patrickswell suffered a 1-13 to 0-12 defeat.
### Limerick
#### Minor and under-21
Enright first played for Limerick when he was selected in goal for the minor team. He enjoyed little success in this grade before progressing onto the Limerick under-21 team in 1972. His three-year tenure in this grade also ended without championship success.
#### Senior
Enright made his first appearance for the Limerick senior hurling team when he lined out in goal on 7 March 1971 in a 1-17 to 2-07 defeat of Wexford in the National Hurling League. He ended the campaign by winning his first league medal as a substitute. Enright was dropped from the Limerick team at the end of 1972 and missed out on the team's All-Ireland Championship success in 1973.
After a three-year gap, Enright returned to the Limerick panel and made his Munster Championship debut at midfield in a 2-16 to 3-13 draw with Tipperary on 6 July 1975. After two seasons at midfield he became disillusioned and left the panel. Enright gave up hurling altogether, switched codes to rugby union and played with Young Munster in 1977 and 1978.
A career-ending eye injury to Pat Hartigan in 1979 paved the way for Enright's return to the Limerick senior team. He initially played in his usual position at midfield before later becoming the first-choice full-back in succession to the injured Hartigan.
On 20 July 1980, Enright won his first Munster Championship medal after a 2-14 to 2-10 defeat of reigning champions Cork in the final. This victory secured Limerick a place in the All-Ireland final against Galway on 7 September 1980. Enright played at full-back, however, in spite of a personal scoring tally of 2-07 for Éamonn Cregan, Limerick suffered a 2-15 to 3-09 defeat. Enright ended the season by winning his first All Star award.
Enright won a second successive Munster Championship medal on 5 July 1981 after a 3-12 to 2-09 defeat of Clare in the final. He ended the season with a second successive All Star award.
Enright was appointed captain of the Limerick senior team for the 1983 season. After losing the National League final to Kilkenny, Limerick's season came to an end with a Munster semi-final replay defeat by Cork. In spite of a trophy-less season, Enright ended the year by winning a third All Star award in four seasons.
After retaining the captaincy for the 1984 season, Enright guided the Limerick team to a second successive league final appearance. A 3-16 to 1-09 defeat of Wexford gave Enright a second National League medal and a first won on the field of play.
On 14 April 1985, Enright won a third National League medal following Limerick's 3-12 to 1-07 defeat of Clare in the final. It was his second successive title as captain of the team.
Enright played his last championship game for Limerick on 5 June 1988, when he captained the team to a 0-16 to 0-08 defeat by Tipperary.
### Munster
Enright was first selected at full-back for the Munster team in 1981. He retained his position on the team for five successive seasons and won three Railway Cup medals during that time after defeats of Leinster in 1981 and 1984 and Connacht in 1985.
## Personal life
Outside of his sporting life Enright worked as a caretaker with Mary Immaculate College. He was married to Birdie and had three sons and a daughter.
Enright died at the Milford Care Centre on 2 November 2018, just hours after his induction into the GAA Hall of Fame was celebrated at the annual All Star Awards.
## Honours
Patrickswell Limerick Munster Individual
## InfoBox
Leonard Enright
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Lionaird Mac Ionnrachtaigh* | | |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Full-back | | |
| Born | (1953-07-01)1 July 1953<br>Patrickswell, County Limerick, Ireland | | |
| Died | 2 November 2018(2018-11-02) (aged 65)<br>Limerick, Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Occupation | Caretaker | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
| 1971–1991 | Patrickswell | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Limerick titles | 7 | | |
| Munster titles | 2 | | |
| All-Ireland Titles | 0 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1971–1988 | Limerick | 21 (0-02) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Munster titles | 2 | | |
| All-Irelands | 0 | | |
| NHL | 3 | | |
| All Stars | 3 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 19:55, 3 November 2018. | | | |
|
32,217,340
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Maloney_(footballer)
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Leo Maloney (footballer)
|
Leo Maloney is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Maloney came originally from the Lincoln Stars, in the Essendon District Football League. He was Essendon's 19th man in the 1957 VFL Grand Final, which they lost to Melbourne. It was only his seventh league game and also his last, with injury keeping him out of action in 1958. Maloney then went to Williamstown in 1959 and played in their premiership team that year as well as being runner-up in the best and fairest award. He continued playing for Williamstown until 1964, when he was vice-captain. He played 107 games for the Seagulls and kicked 115 goals, featuring in the losing 1961 and 1964 VFA grand finals against Yarraville and Port Melbourne, respectively. He won the best and fairest award in 1963 and was selected in the back pocket in the Williamstown 1960's Team of the Decade.
| 2023-05-07T05:29:20
|
# Leo Maloney (footballer)
**Leo Maloney** (born 28 April 1937) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Maloney came originally from the Lincoln Stars, in the Essendon District Football League.
He was Essendon's 19th man in the 1957 VFL Grand Final, which they lost to Melbourne. It was only his seventh league game and also his last, with injury keeping him out of action in 1958. Maloney then went to Williamstown in 1959 and played in their premiership team that year as well as being runner-up in the best and fairest award. He continued playing for Williamstown until 1964, when he was vice-captain. He played 107 games for the Seagulls and kicked 115 goals, featuring in the losing 1961 and 1964 VFA grand finals against Yarraville and Port Melbourne, respectively. He won the best and fairest award in 1963 and was selected in the back pocket in the Williamstown 1960's Team of the Decade.
## InfoBox
| Leo Maloney | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Leo Maloney | | |
| Date of birth | (1937-04-28)28 April 1937 | | |
| Original team(s) | Lincoln Stars | | |
| Height | 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Weight | 85 kg (187 lb) | | |
| Playing career<sup>1</sup> | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1957 | Essendon | 7 (2) |
| <sup>1</sup> Playing statistics correct to the end of 1957. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |
|
14,624,613
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptotes_(butterfly)
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Leptotes (butterfly)
|
Leptotes is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as zebra blues in reference to their zebra-striped undersides. The genus Cyclyrius was recently synonymized with Leptotes and its two species were thus moved to this genus.
| 2024-09-26T17:55:53
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# Leptotes (butterfly)
***Leptotes*** is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as **zebra blues** in reference to their zebra-striped undersides.
The genus *Cyclyrius* was recently synonymized with *Leptotes* and its two species were thus moved to this genus.
## Species
The genus can be divided into several distinct geographic groups which often correspond to clades:
**Afrotropical and Palaearctic species:**
**Indomalayan species:**
**Australasian species:**
**Neotropical species:**
* Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project*Leptotes* Scudder 1876. The Zebra Blues. Version of 2008-MAY-19. Retrieved 2009-NOV-29.
* Savela, Markku (2009): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms *Leptotes*. Version of 2009-MAY-24. Retrieved 2009-NOV-29.
## InfoBox
| *Leptotes* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Lang's short-tailed blue (*Leptotes pirithous*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Subfamily: | Polyommatinae |
| Tribe: | Polyommatini |
| Genus: | *Leptotes*<br>Scudder, 1876 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Lycaena theonus*<br>Lucas, 1857 | |
| Diversity | |
| 29 species | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cyclyrius* Butler, \[1897\]<br> * *Langia* Tutt, 1906 (*non* Moore, 1872: preoccupied) * *Raywardia* Tutt, 1908 * *Syntarucoides* Kaye, 1904 * *Syntarucus* Butler, 1901 | |
|
28,190,444
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptotes_brevidentatus
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Leptotes brevidentatus
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Leptotes brevidentatus, the short-toothed blue or Tite's zebra blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Africa south of the Sahara and south-western Arabia. The wingspan is 22–29 mm for males and 26–30 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round in warmer areas and from October to March in cooler areas. The larvae feed on flowers and immature seeds of Plumbago auriculata and probably also Indigofera, Rhynchosia, Vigna, Burkea, Mundulea, Melilotus, Crataegus and Medicago sativa.
| 2023-12-08T00:15:02
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# Leptotes brevidentatus
***Leptotes brevidentatus***, the **short-toothed blue** or **Tite's zebra blue**, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Africa south of the Sahara and south-western Arabia.
The wingspan is 22–29 mm for males and 26–30 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round in warmer areas and from October to March in cooler areas.
The larvae feed on flowers and immature seeds of *Plumbago auriculata* and probably also *Indigofera*, *Rhynchosia*, *Vigna*, *Burkea*, *Mundulea*, *Melilotus*, *Crataegus* and *Medicago sativa*.
## InfoBox
| *Leptotes brevidentatus* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Leptotes* |
| Species: | ***L. brevidentatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptotes brevidentatus***<br>(Tite, 1958) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Syntarucus brevidentatus* Tite, 1958 | |
|
2,913,292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptotes_(plant)
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Leptotes (plant)
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Leptotes, abbreviated Lpt in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids formed by nine small species that grow in the dry jungles of south and southeast Brazil, and also in Paraguay or Argentina. They are small epiphytic plants of caespitose growth that sometimes resemble little Brassavola, as they share the same type of thin terete leaves, though they are more closely related to Loefgrenianthus. Some species of Leptotes are widely cultivated and form showy displays when completely in bloom although they are not among the easiest to grow. The majority of the species are not cultivated and some are so rare to be almost unknown; five of the nine species have been described since 2000. Besides being cultivated for their ornamental value, there are records of the flowers and fruits of Leptotes bicolor being used as a substitute for vanilla in milk, ice cream, tea and candies.
| 2024-10-04T10:19:59
|
# Leptotes (plant)
***Leptotes***, abbreviated **Lpt** in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids formed by nine small species that grow in the dry jungles of south and southeast Brazil, and also in Paraguay or Argentina. They are small epiphytic plants of caespitose growth that sometimes resemble little *Brassavola*, as they share the same type of thin terete leaves, though they are more closely related to *Loefgrenianthus*.
Some species of *Leptotes* are widely cultivated and form showy displays when completely in bloom although they are not among the easiest to grow. The majority of the species are not cultivated and some are so rare to be almost unknown; five of the nine species have been described since 2000. Besides being cultivated for their ornamental value, there are records of the flowers and fruits of *Leptotes bicolor* being used as a substitute for vanilla in milk, ice cream, tea and candies.
## Distribution
The species of *Leptotes* were originally discovered in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and are always seen living epiphytically. Two species have since been found in other countries, *L. unicolor* in Argentina, and *L. bicolor* in Paraguay. Three species show a high degree of endemism in the south of Bahia State. The states of southeastern Brazil can be considered the center of its distribution since they host the highest number of species and the *Leptotes* are most abundant there, however, the range is from the Serra da Jibóia chain of mountains, in Bahia, to the North of Rio Grande do Sul state.
The species in the group that are characterized by wide open flowers, such as *Leptotes tenuis* and *L. pauloensis*, are more frequently found in montane cloud forests. *L. bicolor* has the broadest range and can survive in both the cloud forests and the drier woods on the plateaus of the Serra do Mar chain of mountains. *Leptotes unicolor* grows optimally in cooler areas, above 700 meters of altitude, and is frequently found growing on *Araucaria* and *Podocarpus* trees in the southern areas of Brazil.
## Description
Species assigned to the genus *Leptotes* have a short cylindrical rhizome. They have small pseudobulbs that almost imperceptibly prolongate in one, rarely two, terete fleshy leaves. They have variable characteristics and can be short or long, erect or hanging, dark green or purple, and often have a wrinkly surface and a deeper ridge in the face. The inflorescence is apical, generally short, and grows from the apex of the pseudobulb without a protecting spathe and bears up to seven flowers, although fewer are more common. The flowers are relatively large when compared to the overall plant dimensions, normally partially bent and in some species forming groups with a very showy aspect. They are fragrant and this perfume can last from ten to twenty days.
The appearance of the petals and sepals is similar, both are elongated although the petals are slightly more narrow. Flower colors are generally greenish, white or variable shades of pink and the labellum (a special petal attractive to pollinators) can be spotted in pale yellow, light purple or lilac. The labellum is located along the column and trilobed (three lobes). The lateral lobes are small and raised beside the column, although never involving it. The intermediate lobe is much bigger and quite variable between species. They can have either lanceolate or obovate shape, occasionally be fleshy, flat or bending backwards; in some species they have denticulated edges but are smooth in others. Rarely, calli are present, with claws holding them attached to the sides of the column. The column is short, thick and erect, normally greenish, biauriculated, and bears six pollinia of different sizes, two larger in the center and four smaller in two pairs held by a short caudicle in an arrangement that is unique among orchids. Their fruits are rounded, succulent and have a perfume reminiscent of *vanilla*.
The agent for the pollination of *Leptotes* has never been observed. Cássio van den Berg postulates, judging from the colors and morphology of the flowers, that bees are the primary agent, while other orchidologists suspect pollination by hummingbirds is more important.
As the roots of *Leptotes* rot easily with excessive humidity, the best results for their culture are achieved when they are mounted on plaques of vegetal fiber or tree cork. Watering and fertilizer must be more frequent during active growth periods and less during dormant periods. Ideal growth conditions require an intermediate temperature and exposure to filtered sunlight.
## Taxonomic notes
In April 1833, an unknown species from the Serra dos Órgãos mountains of Brazil blossomed in the greenhouse of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, an English collector of orchids homaged in diverse descriptions of noted species such as *Bifrenaria harrisoniae* and *Cattleya harrisoniana*. A short time later, Mrs. Harrison sent a drawing and cutting of this plant to the botanist John Lindley, who verified it to be not only a new species but a new genus. In its description, dated the same year, Lindley suggests the name of *Leptotes*, from the Greek λεπτότητα for *mild*, *delicate*, in reference to the appearance of the plant's flowers. He affirmed that *Leptotes* was similar to *Tetramicra*, from which it is distinguished by the structures of the pollinarium and by the smaller lateral lobes of the lip petal; and because they have no calcar attached to the ovarium. He also differentiated it from *Brassavola* by the pollinia and trilobed lip. Lindley then described its type-species, *Leptotes bicolor*.
In 1838, Lindley received two similar but distinct plants, collected in Macaé de Cima and Ilha Grande, in Rio de Janeiro. He considered them different from the previously described species, because the lateral lobes of the lip were slightly serrated, their flowers were bigger and they occasionally had a second leaf by the pseudobulb; he proposed a new species with the name of *Leptotes serrulata*. Five years later, the German Count Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg noticed that one plant he cultivated had a different green-bluish tone to its leaves and he described the plant calling it *L. glaucophylla*. When reviewing all the known species of *Leptotes* at the time, in 1990, Carl Withner revisited the drawings published by Lindley and identified additional differences between *L. bicolor* and *L. serrulata*, describing how the latter always bears more flowers, with up to seven per inflorescence, which is also much longer. Today it is accepted, however, that both descriptions are variations of *L. bicolor* that coexist due to its wide dispersion and multiplicity of populations.
In 1865, Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach received, from an unknown locality in Brazil, the second described species to be accepted today. The plant was quite different from *Leptotes bicolor*, because of its fewer and smaller rounded flowers, with wide open pale yellowish segments and he published it as *L. tenuis*. Twelve years later, the third species, *Leptotes unicolor*, was described by Brazilian botanist João Barbosa Rodrigues. His account described a highly fragrant little species of orchid and he found some colonies with hundreds of plants living epiphytically along the banks of the Dourado and Sapucai rivers, nearby the city of Alfenas, in Minas Gerais. In 1881, Barbosa Rodrigues found another species, this one with longer leaves and slight differences in floral structure, and named it as *L. paranaensis* after Paraná State where he first found the plant, although today the location near Joinville is located in Santa Catarina. Today this species is considered to be just a variation of *L. unicolor*, the species he had described four years earlier.
Robert Allen Rolfe received from Brazil, also without information of locality, a plant similar to the *Leptotes tenuis* species described by Reichenbach over 20 years earlier. Rolfe described it as *L. minuta* and noted it had much thicker and shorter leaves. This new species was included in Célestin Alfred Cogniaux's revision of Brazilian orchid species, published 1903, but in doing so he was unaware of the variability within the *Leptotes* species. At the time Cogniaux published his book he had not had the opportunity to check the types of all the other species then described, therefore, he accepted most of them with this remark. In retrospect, it is now more clear that the variation in leaves was due to both the isolation of various populations and because of the different growth conditions in each habitat, and today *L. minuta* is known as a variation of *L. tenuis*.
While living in Brazil, the Danish Botanist Johan Albert Constantin Löfgren received an Orchid from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, with flowers reminiscent of the *Leptotes*, although its lip petal formed a pouch. He described it as *Leptotes blanche-amesiae*, also noting it had a pending habit and thin flat leaves. Later work on the genus by Frederico Carlos Hoehne led him to conclude that this species, despite being closely related to the *Leptotes*, would be better placed in another genus. He proposed the genus *Loefgrenianthus*, in hommage to Loefgren. In 1934, Hoehne also described a new species, *Leptotes pauloensis*, naming it so because it was found in São Paulo State. This species is closely related to *Leptotes tenuis* but its flowers have different colors. For decades taxonomists were divided on whether this should be considered a new species, partly due to the fact it was so rare, indeed, Guido Pabst considered it a synonym of *L. tenuis*. Recently many new colonies have been discovered and Withner now proposes that *L. pauloensis* should be accepted as a separate species.
Consequently, as of 2004, four species of *Leptotes* were known, three sufficiently different that they can be regarded as well established species, *L. bicolor*, *L. unicolor* and *L. tenuis*, and one, *L. pauloensis*, that is becoming more frequently accepted by taxonomists.
A recent explosion of descriptions has more than doubled the size of this genus, however, the history of these discoveries starts much earlier. In 1954, one of the associates of Círculo Paulista de Orquidófilos, an orchid society in São Paulo, presented a lecture where he talked informally about the innumerable varieties of *Leptotes* that he had collected throughout the years. This lecture was printed and distributed in the bulletin of the association. In 2004, Eric Christenson identified at least two of the several varieties mentioned in the lecture to be existing in collections throughout the United States and decided to describe them formally as independent species. One of these plants, *Leptotes harryphillipsii*, is very similar to *L. pauloensis* already a problematic species by itself. The other one, *L. mogyensis*, is unknown to Brazilian scholars and collectors. The sole example is the plant Christenson found in the US, supposedly originated from Mogi das Cruzes, a city nearby São Paulo.
Two other new species described in 2004 belong to the affinity of *Leptotes bicolor* and were both found by the same surveyor in the region of Buerarema, south of Bahia. *Leptotes bohnkiana*, named after its finder, can be differentiated because it has a significantly smaller stature, the other, *L. pohlitinocoi*, mostly by color.
Finally, in 2006 Sidney Marçal de Oliveira discovered the last species to be described, also from Bahia, although an inhabitant of Chapada Diamantina too. This new species, *Leptotes vellozicola*, is quite distinct from the other species.
According to Cássio van den Berg et al., who studied their phylogeny, *Leptotes* is very closely related to *Loefgrenianthus* and both situated between *Pseudolaelia* and the genus which once used to be classified as *Schomburgkia*, by some now considered part of *Laelia*.
## Species
The three main characteristics that differentiate between the species of *Leptotes* are the general proportions of the leaves, the shape of the flowers, and the way the flowers open. From these, the species can be classified into two main groups.
One group is formed by the four species with flowers of elongated segments, which generally are not widely open. These species present malleable inflorescences that leave the flowers slightly or very overthrown, frequently facing down. Almost all the species of this group have long leaves, of comparatively lighter tones, generally with smooth surfaces, that are longer than the inflorescences.
* *Leptotes unicolor* is the exception in this group, as it has short, wrinkly and dark leaves. Its flowers, of generally uniform pale pink, always face down. The other species of this group have flowers of stronger colors.
* *Leptotes bicolor* is the species with more flowers per inflorescence and with a wider distribution. It is a variable species, even though it is easily identified because of its bicolored flowers, white sepals and petals and purple lip; occasionally it will bear two leaves per pseudobulb. There are some records of this species living as a lithophyte.
* *Leptotes bohnkiana* has some similarities to *L. bicolor*, however, its flowers are one third of the size, with petals and sepals that are proportionally wider, and the adult plant is about half the size. It bares a single flower per inflorescence and has only been found in Bahia.
* *Leptotes pohlitinocoi* is closer to *L. bicolor* but has slightly smaller flowers with all segments completely pink. It only exists in Bahia.
The other group is formed by five smaller species that have more rounded flowers with petals and sepals that are wide open and flatter. The leaves are shorter wrinkly leaves, generally very dark green or purple colored. The species of this group often have only one or two flowers on each inflorescence. Four of them are very similar and sometimes difficult to distinguish.
* *Leptotes vellozicola* is the only easily recognizable species in this group as it has a thick central callus next to the apex of the lip petal. It is the only species of this group endemic to Bahia, the other species are from southeast and south Brazil. This species, among all *Leptotes*, takes the most sunlight in the wild because it is epiphytic on *Vellozia*, a species with very few leaves. The region where it lives is much drier compared to the areas inhabited by the other species.
* *Leptotes tenuis* is the only *Leptotes* species with pale green, yellowish or white flowers and lilac colored lip. It is a very small and uncommon species from southeastern Brazil.
* *Leptotes pauloensis* is a species very similar to *L. tenuis* and can be separated from it mainly by the opposite distribution of color between the lip and the other sepals and petals, namely, pale lilac petals and sepals and white lip with a yellowish cream mark in the middle. Its distribution overlaps *L. tenuis* but extends much more into the south.
* *Leptotes harryphillipsii*, another species similar to *L. tenuis*, but with a slightly longer lip and discrete pink stripes on the other petals and sepals, which typically have more vibrant colors. It seems this species has been known for long time but had always been confused with *L. pauloensis*.
* *Leptotes mogyensis*, yet another species related to the *L. tenuis* group and also resembles *L. unicolor* except it has white flowers with a deep purple central mark on the lip. There is no record of this plant in the wild. All information comes from a plant found under cultivation in a nursery in California, USA. It might be a rare natural hybrid of the two mentioned species.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2006). Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 271 ff. Oxford University Press.
* Media related to *Leptotes* at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to *Leptotes* at Wikispecies
## InfoBox
| *Leptotes* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| *Leptotes bicolor* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Epidendreae |
| Subtribe: | Laeliinae |
| Genus: | *Leptotes*<br>Lindl. 1833 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Leptotes bicolor*<br>Lindl., 1833 | |
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1,057,754
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Howell
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Leonard Howell
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Leonard Percival Howell, also known as The Gong or G. G. Maragh, was a Jamaican religious figure. According to his biographer Hélène Lee, Howell was born into an Anglican family. He was one of the first preachers of the Rastafari movement, and is known by many as The First Rasta. Born in May Crawle River on 16 June 1898, Howell left Jamaica as a youth, traveling to many places, including Panama and New York, and returned in 1932. He began preaching in 1933 about what he considered the symbolic portent for the African diaspora—the crowning of Ras Tafari Makonnen as Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. His preaching asserted that Haile Selassie was the "Messiah returned to earth", and he published a book called The Promised Key. Although this resulted in his being arrested, tried for sedition, and imprisoned for two years, the Rastafari movement grew. Over the following years, Howell came into conflict with all the establishment authorities in Jamaica: the planters, the trade unions, established churches, police, and colonial authorities. Howell was seen as a threat largely due to the anti-colonial message of the Rastafarian movement, which he was perpetuating along with the sermons promoting the idea of a positive black racial identity. Local ruling elites were uneasy with Howell’s popular call for black people to take a stand. Colonial authorities hoped to quell Howell’s growing movement early so as to snuff out support early on. As his following grew, the threat of Howell's core beliefs in the power of black people to overcome white oppression, and his movement, expanded to become an international concern given his strong messages of black liberation and Pan-Africanism that resonated with blacks across the globe. He formed a town or commune called Pinnacle in Saint Catherine Parish that became famous as a place for Rastafari. This movement prospered, and today the Rastafari faith exists worldwide. Unlike many Rastafari, Howell never wore dreadlocks. Leonard Howell died in Kingston, Jamaica, on 23 January 1981 after suffering a vicious attack months earlier where he was slashed in the face and beaten badly at the age of 83 in Tredegar Park, St. Catherine not far from Pinnacle. Although Leonard P. Howell suffered much abuse for the foundation of Rastafari, his legacy as a perceived true hero and leader in anti-colonialism took root throughout Jamaica and the Caribbean and eventually globally. Ironically, the same government who sought his continual persecution has in 2022 awarded L.P. Howell or 'Gong' with an Order of Distinction.
| 2024-03-20T09:20:10
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# Leonard Howell
**Leonard Percival Howell** (16 June 1898 – 23 January 1981), also known as **The Gong** or **G. G. Maragh** (for *Gangun Guru*), was a Jamaican religious figure. According to his biographer Hélène Lee, Howell was born into an Anglican family. He was one of the first preachers of the Rastafari movement (along with Joseph Hibbert and Archibald Dunkley), and is known by many as **The First Rasta**.
Born in May Crawle River on 16 June 1898, Howell left Jamaica as a youth, traveling to many places, including Panama and New York, and returned in 1932. He began preaching in 1933 about what he considered the symbolic portent for the African diasporathe crowning of Ras Tafari Makonnen as Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. His preaching asserted that Haile Selassie was the "Messiah returned to earth", and he published a book called *The Promised Key*. Although this resulted in his being arrested, tried for sedition, and imprisoned for two years, the Rastafari movement grew.
Over the following years, Howell came into conflict with all the establishment authorities in Jamaica: the planters, the trade unions, established churches, police, and colonial authorities. Howell was seen as a threat largely due to the anti-colonial message of the Rastafarian movement, which he was perpetuating along with the sermons promoting the idea of a positive black racial identity. Local ruling elites were uneasy with Howell’s popular call for black people to take a stand. Colonial authorities hoped to quell Howell’s growing movement early so as to snuff out support early on.
As his following grew, the threat of Howell's core beliefs in the power of black people to overcome white oppression, and his movement, expanded to become an international concern given his strong messages of black liberation and Pan-Africanism that resonated with blacks across the globe. He formed a town or commune called Pinnacle in Saint Catherine Parish that became famous as a place for Rastafari. This movement prospered, and today the Rastafari faith exists worldwide. Unlike many Rastafari, Howell never wore dreadlocks.
Leonard Howell died in Kingston, Jamaica, on 23 January 1981 after suffering a vicious attack months earlier where he was slashed in the face and beaten badly at the age of 83 in Tredegar Park, St. Catherine not far from Pinnacle.
Although Leonard P. Howell suffered much abuse for the foundation of Rastafari, his legacy as a perceived true hero and leader in anti-colonialism took root throughout Jamaica and the Caribbean and eventually globally. Ironically, the same government who sought his continual persecution has in 2022 awarded L.P. Howell or 'Gong' with an Order of Distinction.
## Early life
Howell was born on 16 June 1898 in May Crawle village in the Bull Head mountain district of upper Clarendon in Jamaica. He was the eldest of a family of 10 children. Charles Theophilus Howell, his father, worked as peasant cultivator and tailor. Clementina Bennett, his mother, worked as an agricultural labourer.
During the First World War, Howell worked as a seaman and served as part of a Jamaican contingent sent to Panama. Before temporarily settling in Panama in 1918, he travelled back and forth between New York City and Panama several times. While in New York he became a member of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) after being confronted with his identity as a black man in Harlem for the first time and meeting Garvey, the revolutionary UNIA leader, in person.
Howell lived abroad for a total of some twenty years in his early life, during which time he was arrested and jailed for his involvement with the UNIA because the organization's pro-black messages were viewed as threatening. After migrating to Panama and the United States, he eventually returned home in December 1932 at the age of 34 after being deported from the US. He was deported because of his involvement with the UNIA, which was perceived as threatening by the US government, due to the organization's messages of black power and anti-colonialism. Upon returning to his homeland, he decided to leave his family home and spread the word about Rastafari. This decision to break away from his home was due to a conflict between Howell and his family, presumably because of his controversial belief in the divine nature of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia.
## Personal life
Howell married Tethen Bent, whose grave in Pinnacle is said to have been desecrated. Howell's eldest son is named Monty Howell Very little information is available about Tethen Bent (who is a descendant of several south St. Elizabeth families, including the Bents, Elliotts, Parchments, Powells, Ebanks, among others), their marriage or other children of Leonard Howell.
## Rastafari evangelism
Howell's first public articulation of the divinity of Haile Selassie occurred in January 1933. This first open deification, which proclaimed the Emperor of Ethiopia to be the incarnation of God, took place at "Redemption Ground" in Kingston but was not successful in gaining converts.
In February 1933, Howell relocated his meeting to a south-eastern parish of St. Thomas and two months later, on 18 April, he addressed about two hundred people at a meeting in Trinity Ville, St. Thomas. During this meeting, police were present to monitor and control the event, which they deemed to be of a "seditious nature". Despite concerns, authorities chose not to press charges against Howell so as not to draw additional attention to his movement and decided instead to closely monitor him.
According to Howell and his followers, Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was the "Black Messiah" – an incarnation of God predicted by biblical prophecy. Howell believed that the grand coronation of Haile Selassie (who was widely traditionally claimed to be the descendant of King David, King Solomon, and the Queen of Sheba, in part due to the medieval Ethiopian text Kebra Nagast), was the realization of a prophecy. The grandness of the emperor's ascension to power appeared to validate Howell's imperative claim.
Howell's teachings often began with background information about the people, land, and sovereignty of Ethiopia as an unchanged land populated by original, primitive Christian people who were under direct rule of a king who was a direct descendant of King David. He idealized Ethiopia in his preaching, calling the country a land with unmatched people and a perfect language, the sole uncorrupted language on Earth. Howell emphasized the coming of a new civilization based upon and founded in the glory and power of Haile Selassie, the "Supreme Black King". He instructed his followers to adore the Ethiopian emperor as the supreme God over all of humanity. In Howell's view, it was through Ethiopia that the truths of good character, social order, manhood and womanhood were preserved and were unfolding for all to see. Howell preached that Ethiopian culture was re-emerging to overtake hegemonic Anglo-Saxon forces that had kept Africans enslaved.
## Core values, leadership, and social network
Among his followers, Howell preferred being called Gangunguru Maragh or G.G. Maragh to distinguish his ritual, mystical personality from his secular identity. Howell's ritual name is thought to be a combination of three Hindi words – gyan (wisdom), gun (virtue or talent), and guru (teacher). In Hindi, Maragh means "great kings" or "king of kings". Howell used this name as a pseudonym when he published *The Promised Key*.
During a meeting at Port Mortant, St. Thomas, in September 1933, it is recorded that Howell held a meeting that began with the singing of hymns. Then, Howell reportedly taunted clergymen of other religious denominations at the gathering and discouraged people from attending church because "ministers were liars". He also spoke critically of slavery, claiming that "the White man stole Africa from the Africans, and that Black people should think that Africa is their home, not Jamaica".
Howell's message of praise for Emperor Haile Selassie also came with an open call for black supremacy as a way to combat colonialism and reject oppression by whites. At times, Howell would ask his congregants to join together and sing "God Save the King" – the king being Haile Selassie. Howell's central doctrine acted as a force against white colonial ideology due to his placement of blackness as morally superior to whiteness, as is explained in his widely read publication, *The Promised Key*.
Howell is remembered as being a charismatic and authoritarian leader who sincerely cared about the wellbeing of his followers. In 1939, Howell founded the Ethiopian Salvation Society (ESS) whose objective was to use collective savings to better its members. A secondary purpose of the ESS was to help spread the good news about salvation and Christianity and underscore the value of self-help and good citizenship. These secondary purposes were expressly stated so as to shield the organization from suspicion that it was promoting sedition. Nevertheless, in 1940 the Jamaican governor responded to pressure from the colonial secretary and the labour leadership by officially banning a meeting of the ESS due to the resentment the organization was creating as well as its internationalization.
In addition to his leadership role in the ESS, Howell served as a role model and father figure for the growing Rastafarian community. His audacious, generous personality, combined with his well-travelled background, made early Rastafarians particularly receptive to his messages. Howell brought "the hope of a new generation, one which was inspired by the magnificence of the new Ethiopian emperor."
To expand Howell's Rastafarian network, he formed relationships with other black groups such as the Afro-Athlican Constructive Gaathly and the UNIA. Additionally he collaborated closely with other icons of the Rastafarian movement such as Marcus Garvey and George Padmore, a Trinidadian journalist.
Howell's appeal for identification with Africa was in opposition to concurrent movements in Jamaica promoting a Jamaican creole nationalism. Howell positioned himself as an opponent of the labour nationalists Bustamante and Manley who had gained a substantial following among the working class. Howell preached to both the working class and the peasantry in Jamaica, attempting to unite disenfranchised black people to overcome colonial oppression. Jamaica's independence in 1962 (which nevertheless maintained social, political and economic ties between Jamaica and Great Britain) was largely a disappointment for Howell, who had called for the complete severance of relations with Britain.
## Trials and punishments
In January 1934, Howell and Robert Hinds, another pioneer of the Rastafari movement, were arrested and charged with sedition due to their gatherings and speeches at a meeting of 300 people at Seaforth, St Thomas, on 10 December 1933.
Howell was put on trial for sedition on 13 March 1934, and pleaded not guilty to openly expressing hatred and contempt for the Jamaican government and the King in addition to disturbing public peace on the island. Howell defended himself in court, using a photograph of Haile Selassie as evidence. During this historic trial, Howell is remembered as being the first person to declare that Haile Selassie was "the Messiah returned to earth". Ultimately he was sentenced to two years in jail for sedition by the Jamaican chief justice, Robert William Lyall-Grant.
Later, in 1938, Howell was sent to a mental asylum in Kingston called the Bellevue Asylum after being certified as insane for the inflammatory statements he published in his book *The Promised Key*. In this publication, which was released while Howell was still incarcerated, he labelled the Roman Catholic Pope as "Satan the Devil" and created the impression that war was being declared against colonialism and white supremacy – which Howell asserted should be replaced with "Black supremacy". Furthermore, he openly objected to locally created religious systems like Revivalism and Obeah, a Jamaican folk practice. Although small, the book was powerful and very popular to the dismay of the Jamaican government.
As one of the most charismatic and outspoken of Rastafarian leaders, Howell was incarcerated at notably higher rates than other pioneers of the Rastafarian movement, such as Joseph Nathaniel Hibbert and Hinds. Described as "the most persecuted Rastafarian to date", Howell suffered considerably under constant state surveillance because of his Rastafarian teachings. Especially threatening to the powers that be was his prophetic call for people to destroy the legitimacy of "international white supremacy", a message that caused people to reconsider their identity, agency and socio-political mobilization in Jamaica and elsewhere.
## Creation of Pinnacle Community
Following his release from prison for his teachings and denunciation of colonial rule, Howell created the first Rastafarian village in Jamaica at Sligoville, St. Catherine in 1940. The settlement was called "Pinnacle" due to its high hilltop elevation and was symbolically located in the first free village established to house former slaves in Jamaica. Pinnacle was one of the country’s first self-sustaining communities, its community members were able to meet their needs without dependence on outside resources. Some refer to Pinnacle as a commune, in which Howell's form of socialism was practiced. Soon after its foundation, other similar Rastafarian communities were established across the country. Pinnacle was especially known for the cultivation of ganja (marijuana) that has religious significance for Rastafarians. In efforts to shut down Howell and his followers, police raided Howell’s community of Pinnacle multiple times and labeled the community a "communist experiment" in 1941. Just one year after the creation of the settlement, government forces infiltrated and arrested many of Howell's followers. After escaping immediate arrest, Howell was eventually arrested and tried once again for sedition and consequently was faced with two more years behind bars. Upon his release in 1943, he returned to Pinnacle once again. Howell hired guards and brought in watch dogs to protect Pinnacle from future attacks.
The police raided Pinnacle several more times in the 1950s. In 1954, militia invaded the community and almost completely destroyed the village. Even after this mass destruction, settlers returned, though the settlement was never restored to its previous thriving state. During a final raid in 1958, the police cleared out the remaining residents completely. Despite its ultimate destruction, the impact of the settlement made it legendary among other settlements around the country, who were observed to have been "miniature Pinnacles".
## Alleged disappearance and ongoing legacy
Some claim that Howell disappeared from public sight between 1958 and 1960, completely dropping out of his role as a Rastafarian leader. Accounts that he was neither heard from nor interacted with between this period and his death in 1981 have been challenged by historians who examined his life, however. Even after the final major raid of Pinnacle and Howell's confinement in a mental asylum, he reportedly continued in his leadership of the Pinnacle community and as a Rastafari foundational role model, as evidenced by his role as a defendant in several cases at the Home Circuit Court, Kingston, regarding disputes about his ownership of Pinnacle.
Today Howell is remembered as a pioneer of the Rastafarian movement. Additionally, in honour of his values and persistent fight against colonial authority, he is seen as a leader of Pan-Africanism. To fight for his remembrance, the Leonard P. Howell Foundation was created to "perpetuate and honor the memory of Leonard P. Howell." The Foundation calls for the restoration of a portion of the Pinnacle Property so that it can become a UNESCO world heritage site, an international Rastafarian worship and research center, and a monument in tribute to the vision and leadership of Leonard Percival Howell.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Wilson_(cricketer)
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Leslie Wilson (cricketer)
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Leslie Wilson was an English stockbroker and cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1883 and 1897. Wilson played in over 100 first-class matches for Kent and scored over 3,000 runs for the county.
| 2024-04-26T21:19:21
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# Leslie Wilson (cricketer)
**Leslie Wilson** (16 March 1859 – 15 April 1944) was an English stockbroker and cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1883 and 1897. Wilson played in over 100 first-class matches for Kent and scored over 3,000 runs for the county.
## Early life
Wilson was born at Canonbury in London in 1859, the third son of stockbroker Alexander Wilson and his wife Caroline (*née* Pitman). The family moved from Islington to Beckenham in Kent in 1873 and Wilson, like two of his brothers, was educated at Tonbridge School. He opened the batting for Tonbridge in 1876, his final year at school, and played for Beckenham Cricket Club, although despite scoring well in club cricket he was not selected for the Kent side until 1883, the year after his younger brother Cecil first played county cricket.
## Cricket
A batsman who *Scores and Biographies* described as having "good style and judgement", Wilson made his first-class cricket debut for Kent in a May 1883 fixture against MCC at Lord's, scoring 32 runs in the only innings in which Kent batted. He played in another seven matches during his first season of top-level cricket, scoring a half-century against Middlesex, but was unable to play frequently for the side in 1884 or 1885 due to his business commitments.
Wilson worked as a stockbroker like his father and elder brother William. This limited his opportunities to play county cricket, although he was able to take time from work more regularly after 1887―he played in at least seven first-class matches each season between then and 1894, making 15 appearances in 1890 and 1893 and 14 in 1894. He made 18 half-centuries and scored his only first-class century in 1889, a score of 132 against Gloucestershire during that season's Canterbury Cricket Week―an innings which *The Times* described as "long and brilliant", with the match reporter considering that "a better display of batting has rarely been seen" on the ground. After the 1894 season he played only three more first-class fixtures, two in 1895 and a final match in 1897.
As well as 105 first-class matches for Kent, Wilson played five for other sides, including for the Gentlemen of England against I Zingari in 1888, and in two matches for both The South and MCC against the touring Australians in 1893. He made a total of 3,554 first-class runs, 3,459 of them for Kent, and took six wickets with his right-arm medium-pace deliveries.
Wilson played club cricket for a number of sides, scoring double centuries for Beckenham―including a score of 246 not out made in an opening partnership of 470 runs with WG Wyld in 1885―and at least four centuries for Band of Brothers, an amateur club closely associated with the Kent county club. His *Wisden* obituary described him as an aggressive batsman "always looking for runs" whose "cuts and drives to either side of the wicket made by perfect timing marked every innings of any length that he played", whilst commenting that "he sometimes erred in rashness" due to the aggressive nature of his batting. An obituary in *The Times*, however, described him as "a sound defensive batsman" who could "hit well when set".
## Later life and family
Wilson married Ida Eshall at Esher in 1886. The couple had two children and lived at Norbiton for most of their married life. Ida died in 1935 and later in life Wilson lived at Rye in Sussex. He died at nearby Hastings in 1944 aged 85.
## InfoBox
Leslie Wilson
| Wilson as captain of the Kent side in about 1888 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1859-03-16)16 March 1859<br>Canonbury, London |
| Died | 15 April 1944(1944-04-15) (aged 85)<br>Hastings, Sussex |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | Batmsan |
| Relations | Cecil Wilson (brother) |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1883–1897 | Kent |
| | |
| FC debut | 24 May 1883 Kent v MCC |
| Last FC | 20 May 1897 Kent v MCC |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class Matches 110 Runs scored 3,554 Batting average 19.42 100s/50s 1/18 Top score 132 Balls bowled 432 Wickets 6 Bowling average 44.16 5 wickets in innings 0 10 wickets in match 0 Best bowling 2/17 Catches/stumpings 78/– | |
| | |
| Source: CricInfo, 16 October 2023 | |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_H._Haimson
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Leopold H. Haimson
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Leopold Henri Haimson was a Belgian-born American historian whose work focused on the history of the Soviet Union. For most of his career he taught at Columbia University. Haimson was born in Brussels to Russian émigré parents. In 1940, fleeing the Nazi invasion, the Haimson family escaped first to France and then to the United States, where they would settle. Enrolling at Harvard University at the precocious age of 15, he stayed at the same institution until he received his PhD in 1952. He was a member of faculty at the University of Chicago from 1956. He joined the faculty at Columbia in 1965 as a professor of Russian history and a member of the Russian Institute. He was the Director of the Interuniversity Project on the History of Menshevik Movement and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. He published many books and articles, specializing in the history of Russia, particularly the Mensheviks movement.
| 2023-11-27T22:04:41
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# Leopold H. Haimson
**Leopold Henri Haimson** (1927 December 18, 2010) was a Belgian-born American historian whose work focused on the history of the Soviet Union. For most of his career he taught at Columbia University .
Haimson was born in Brussels to Russian émigré parents. In 1940, fleeing the Nazi invasion, the Haimson family escaped first to France and then to the United States, where they would settle. Enrolling at Harvard University at the precocious age of 15 (by his own admission, by lying about his age), he stayed at the same institution until he received his PhD in 1952. He was a member of faculty at the University of Chicago from 1956. He joined the faculty at Columbia in 1965 as a professor of Russian history and a member of the Russian Institute. He was the Director of the Interuniversity Project on the History of Menshevik Movement and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. He published many books and articles, specializing in the history of Russia, particularly the Mensheviks movement.
## Publications
* *The Russian Marxists and the Origins of Bolshevism* (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955).
* *The Parties and the State: The Evolution of Political Attitudes* (Bobbs-Merrill, 1960)
* *The making of a workers' revolution: Russian social democracy, 1891–1903* (University of Chicago Press, 1967) with Allan K. Wildman
* *The Mensheviks: From the Revolution of 1917 to the Second World War* (University of Chicago Press, 1974) with David Dallin
* *The Mensheviks: From the Revolution of 1917 to the Second World War* (1975) with G. Vakar
* *The Politics of Rural Russia, 1905–1914* (1979)
* *The Making of Three Russian Revolutionaries: Voices from the Menshevik Past* (1987) with Ziva Galili Y Garcia & Richard Wortman
* *Russia's Revolutionary Experience, 1905-1917: Two Essays* (Columbia University Press, 2005)
* "The Problem of Social Stability in Urban Russia, 1905-1917 (Part One)" *Slavic Review* (1964) 23#4 pp 619–642 in JSTOR; "The Problem of Social Stability in Urban Russia, 1905-1917 (Part Two)." *Slavic Review* 24.1 (1965): 1-22. in JSTOR
+ "'The Problem of Political and Social Stability in Urban Russia on the Eve of War and Revolution' Revisited." *Slavic Review* (2000) pp: 848-875. in JSTOR
* with Charles Tilly. "Strikes, wars, and revolutions in an international perspective." in Tilly, ed., *Strike Waves in The Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries* (1989).
* *Strikes, Social Conflict, and the First World War: An International Perspective*
* "Lenin's Revolutionary Career Revisited: Some Observations on Recent Discussions." *Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History* 5.1 (2004): 55-80.
* An interview with Leopold Haimson
* Daly, Jonathan, “The Pleiade: Five Scholars Who Founded Russian Historical Studies in America,” *Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History* 18, no. 4 (Fall 2017): 785–826.
## InfoBox
| Leopold Haimson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1927<br>Brussels, Belgium |
| Died | (2010-12-18)December 18, 2010 (aged 83)<br>New York, United States |
| Other names | Leopold Henri Haimson |
| Citizenship | Belgian, American |
| | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Academic advisors | Michael Karpovich |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of Chicago<br>Columbia University |
| | |
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19,011,381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Dingodossiers
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Les Dingodossiers
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Les Dingodossiers is a humorous comic series created by French artists Marcel Gotlib (cartoonist) and René Goscinny (writer) first published in Pilote magazine from 1965 to 1967. It's a parody of educational comics.
| 2023-12-03T18:48:33
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# Les Dingodossiers
***Les Dingodossiers*** is a humorous comic series created by French artists Marcel Gotlib (cartoonist) and René Goscinny (writer) first published in *Pilote* magazine from 1965 to 1967. It's a parody of educational comics.
## Style
The term *dingodossiers* is a portmanteau of the two French words *dingo* or *dingue* ("mad") and *dossiers*. As the title suggests, the series is composed of didactic dossiers with a very humorous tone. Each story consists of two to four strips drawn in black and white. The strips deal with stereotypes and clichés and depict everyday life in a caricatured way. The stories are parodies and comic reports of scenes from marital and family life, work life, relations with neighbours, and holidays. A recurring character is Chaprot, a dunce pupil.
## Publication history
Marcel Gotlib and René Goscinny met in 1965 when Gotlib joined the *Pilote* magazine whose leader was Goscinny. Together they launched the *Dingodossier* series, with 169 stories published in *Pilote* between 1965 and 1967. In 1967 Goscinny, who had given up many series to become involved in the successful *Asterix* series, invited Gotlib to continue the series on his own. Gotlib decided to discontinue the series in 1968 and launched the series *Rubrique-à-Brac*, very similar to the *Dingodossiers*, but with a slightly different tone and some innovations. Gotlib declared that if the *Dingodossiers* series hadn't existed, maybe he would not have not created the RAB series.
Three albums were published by Dargaud: *Les Dingodossiers Tome 1* in 1967 and *Les Dingodossiers Tome 2* in 1972, then *Les Dingodossiers Tome 3* in 1995 composed of previously unpublished strips. In 2005, a compendium was published by Dargaud.
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27,575,908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Dicker
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Les Dicker
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Leslie Raymond Dicker was an English professional footballer who played for Hornchurch Athletic, Chelmsford City, Tottenham Hotspur and Southend United.
| 2024-02-18T01:41:46
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# Les Dicker
**Leslie Raymond Dicker** (20 December 1926 – 17 December 2020) was an English professional footballer who played for Hornchurch Athletic, Chelmsford City, Tottenham Hotspur and Southend United.
## Playing career
Dicker began his career at Hornchurch Athletic before joining Chelmsford City in 1948. The inside forward scored 27 goals in 56 matches for the Essex club. His goal scoring exploits attracted the attention of Tottenham Hotspur who paid £2,000 for his services in June 1951. Dicker made 10 senior appearances and found the net twice between August 1951 and December 1952. In addition he scored 15 goals in 42 reserve and A-team matches. He transferred to Southend United in July 1953 where he went on play in 19 matches and netting eight times. Dicker ended his career with a second spell at Chelmsford City with his final game against Poole Town in May 1960.
Dicker died in December 2020 at the age of 93.
* Les Dicker at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database
## InfoBox
Les Dicker
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Leslie Raymond Dicker | | |
| Date of birth | (1926-12-20)20 December 1926 | | |
| Place of birth | Stockwell, London, England | | |
| Date of death | 17 December 2020(2020-12-17) (aged 93) | | |
| Position(s) | Inside forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1948–1951 | Chelmsford City | 56 | (27) |
| 1951–1953 | Tottenham Hotspur | 10 | (2) |
| 1953–1954 | Southend United | 17 | (7) |
| 1954–1960 | Chelmsford City | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |
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50,019,525
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_Fallowfield
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Lesley Fallowfield
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Professor Dame Lesley Jean Fallowfield DBE is a British cancer psychologist and a professor of psycho-oncology at the University of Sussex. The main outcomes of her research have been the establishment of assessment tools to measure quality of life in clinical trials of cancer patients and the design of educational programmes to improve oncologists' communication with their patients.
| 2024-04-07T10:19:06
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# Lesley Fallowfield
**Professor Dame Lesley Jean Fallowfield** DBE (born October 1949) is a British cancer psychologist and a professor of psycho-oncology at the University of Sussex. The main outcomes of her research have been the establishment of assessment tools to measure quality of life in clinical trials of cancer patients and the design of educational programmes to improve oncologists' communication with their patients.
## Career
Fallowfield initially trained as a nurse at Guy's Hospital in London before studying a bachelor's degree in experimental psychology at the University of Sussex in 1980. She went on to complete a doctorate in psychophysics at Sussex and the University of Cambridge. She had originally planned to pursue a career in visual science but the death of a friend from graft-versus-host disease secondary to a bone marrow transplant for acute myeloid leukaemia inspired her to focus on cancer. In 1984, she began working for the King's College London Clinical Trials Unit, where she established assessment criteria to measure quality of life in trials of breast cancer. These tools are in use worldwide as of 2016.
Fallowfield received a grant from the Cancer Research Campaign in the late 1980s to research oncologists' communication skills and potential areas for improvement. She focused on the communications between doctors and their patients—particularly in communicating complex medical concepts, giving bad news, and recruiting patients to take part in clinical trials. This led her to design educational materials to enhance doctors' communication skills and to study the resulting effects on patients' health and wellbeing. In 1990, she became the director of the Cancer Research Campaign Communication and Counselling Research Centre and a lecturer at the London Hospital Medical College. She was appointed the first professor of psycho-oncology in the United Kingdom by University College London in 1997.
In 2001, Fallowfield moved from UCL to the University of Sussex, where she is a professor of psycho-oncology at Brighton and Sussex Medical School and the director of the University of Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) group. Throughout her career she has authored over 450 articles, book chapters and textbooks.
## Honours
## Personal life
Fallowfield has two children. Her son is a hepatologist and her daughter is a paediatric nurse.
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11,920,485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_francs-juges
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Les francs-juges
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Les francs-juges is the title of an unfinished opera by the French composer Hector Berlioz written to a libretto by his friend Humbert Ferrand in 1826. Berlioz abandoned the incomplete composition and destroyed most of the music. He retained the overture, which has become a popular concert item, and used some other musical material in later compositions.
| 2024-08-21T12:22:37
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# Les francs-juges
***Les francs-juges*** (translated as "The Free Judges" or "The Judges of the Secret Court") is the title of an unfinished opera by the French composer Hector Berlioz written to a libretto by his friend Humbert Ferrand in 1826. Berlioz abandoned the incomplete composition and destroyed most of the music. He retained the overture, which has become a popular concert item, and used some other musical material in later compositions.
## Opera
Ferrand was a law student with a love of poetry who became a lifelong friend of Berlioz. He had already written the words to a cantata for the composer, *La Révolution grecque* in 1825. Now Ferrand gratified Berlioz's eagerness to write his first opera by providing him with a three-act libretto, *Les francs-juges*. The work is set in Mediaeval Germany and the title literally means "The Free Judges", referring to the secret Vehmic trials held in the region during the late Middle Ages. The plot, with its stormy passions and theme of rescue from oppression, offered Berlioz the opportunity to compose a work in the style of the French Revolutionary operas of Méhul and Cherubini. Berlioz intended *Les francs-juges* for performance at the Odéon theatre and the management accepted it on the basis of Ferrand's libretto. Berlioz threw himself into writing the score in the summer of 1826: the first two acts were finished by June, and he composed the third act in July and August and added the final touches in September. Unfortunately for Berlioz, the Odéon could not obtain government licensing to stage new French operas and *Les francs-juges* was shelved. The composer made later attempts to have it performed at the Opéra, the Nouveautés, the German Theatre and in Karlsruhe. He revised it in 1829 and again in 1833, but to no avail. *Les francs-juges* was never staged and only five numbers from the original score of 1826 survive complete.
Some of the music was reused in the "Marche au supplice" of the *Symphonie fantastique*.
## Overture
This was the first work Berlioz wrote solely for orchestra and it is the earliest of his compositions to retain a place in the repertoire today. It was first performed at the Paris Conservatoire on 26 May 1828 and published in 1836 (the opus number is 3). Franz Liszt prepared a piano transcription of it in 1833 (S.471).
An extract from the overture was used as the theme for the BBC television programme *Face to Face*.
## Further reading
* Berlioz, Hector, *Memoirs*, Dover, 1960
* Cairns, David, *Berlioz: The Making of an Artist* (the first volume of his biography of the composer). André Deutsch, 1989
* Macdonald, Hugh, *Berlioz*, The Master Musicians, J. M. Dent, 1982
## InfoBox
| Les francs-juges | |
| --- | --- |
| Unfinished opera by Hector Berlioz | |
| Berlioz in 1832, portrayed by Émile Signol | |
| Librettist | Humbert Ferrand |
| Language | French |
|
24,411,037
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_clefs_de_babel
|
Les clefs de babel
|
Les clefs de babel is a French language children's novel written by Carina Rozenfeld. The book was published in 2009 by Syros and features in a children's book collection organised by Denis Guiot called Soon.
| 2024-06-08T23:52:49
|
# Les clefs de babel
***Les clefs de babel*** (literally *The keys of Babel*) is a French language children's novel written by Carina Rozenfeld. The book was published in 2009 by Syros and features in a children's book collection organised by Denis Guiot called Soon.
## Plot summary
The book takes place inside the tower of Babel in to which humanity took refuge 1,000 years ago, as so to take protection from a cloud that poisoned the earth. The group of humans entered the tower in five separate groups, each also separated their area of the tower off as so to prevent possible *diseased* persons entering. The plot begins in the highest most portion of the tower when the main character's father gives him a cat who he says can speak; the opposition leader who is also the main character's father is assassinated whilst attending an Opera.
The boy (Liram) then flees and is told by an acquaintance of his father that he must delve into the lower reaches of the tower; taking his cat with him, Liram descends alone. On the next floor, he awakes in a hospital and they recognise him as not being a member of their society; their belief of staying clean requires the shaving of one's hair, and after a medical inspection, a barber comes to shave his hair. The barber had discovered several years before, a baby girl with a pentagonal tattoo on her left shoulder. The barber notices that after shaving the hair on the boy's head; that he also has a similar tattoo.
The barber introduces the boy to the girl (Maïan) whom he discovered as a baby; and they inform him that he is a *clef de Babel* (a key of Babel), that there are five in total and that each of them has a specific *power*, Maïan is able to walk through objects and walls, Maïan then explains of a disc she saw in a temple which had a marking on that was very similar to their tattoos. They agree to steal the object, which they do. The monks discover who stole it and set out to hunt down and kill the culprits, thus forcing Maïan and Liram to venture further down the tower.
## Main characters
* Liram
Teenage boy who is a *clef de Babel* and has the power to converse with animals. * Maïan
A girl who was discovered as a baby by a barber, she's a *clef de Babel*, she possesses the power to traverse through objects.
## InfoBox
Les clefs de babel
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Carina Rozenfeld |
| Language | French |
| Genre | Fantasy children's novel |
| Publisher | Syros |
| Publication date | 2009 |
| Publication place | France |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
|
8,465,406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_derniers_seront_les_premiers
|
Les derniers seront les premiers
|
"Les derniers seront les premiers" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion from her thirteenth studio album, D'eux (1995). It was written by Jean-Jacques Goldman and produced by Goldman and Erick Benzi. The live version of the song from Live à Paris was released as a promotional single in October 1996. It entered the airplay charts in Francophone countries, reaching numbers three in Quebec, 19 in France and 47 in Belgium Wallonia.
| 2024-08-15T10:38:48
|
# Les derniers seront les premiers
"**Les derniers seront les premiers**" (meaning "the last will be first") is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion from her thirteenth studio album, *D'eux* (1995). It was written by Jean-Jacques Goldman and produced by Goldman and Erick Benzi. The live version of the song from *Live à Paris* was released as a promotional single in October 1996. It entered the airplay charts in Francophone countries, reaching numbers three in Quebec, 19 in France and 47 in Belgium Wallonia.
## Background and release
Dion recorded *D'eux* in November and December 1994 in the Méga Studio in Paris, France. Most songs were written by Jean-Jacques Goldman, while the production was handled by Goldman and Erick Benzi. The live version of "Les derniers seront les premiers" from *Live à Paris* was released as a promotional single in October 1996. In 2005, the song was included on Dion's greatest hits album, *On ne change pas*.
## Accolades
At the 1997 Félix Awards in Quebec, "Les derniers seront les premiers" was nominated for Most Popular Song of the Year and Video of the Year.
## Commercial performance
"Les derniers seront les premiers" entered the airplay charts in Francophone countries in November 1996. In Quebec, the song debuted on 16 November 1996 and peaked at number three. It stayed 35 weeks on the chart in total. In France, "Les derniers seront les premiers" peaked at number 19 in December 1996, in its fourth week on the chart. In Belgium Wallonia, it reached number 47 on 29 November 1996.
## Music video
The official live music video was filmed at the Zénith Paris in France, during the D'eux Tour in October and November 1995. It was directed by Gérard Pullicino and released in October 1996 to promote the *Live à Paris* CD and DVD of the same name. Jean-Jacques Goldman joined Dion on stage at the end of the song. The video was nominated for Video of the Year at the 1997 Félix Awards in Quebec. In 2005, it was included on Dion's greatest hits DVD collection, *On ne change pas*, and in 2009 on the 15th anniversary edition of *D'eux*.
## Charts
Chart performance for "Les derniers seront les premiers"
| Chart (1996) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium Airplay (Ultratop Flanders) | 141 |
| Belgium Airplay (Ultratop Wallonia) | 47 |
| France Airplay (SNEP) | 19 |
| Quebec Airplay (ADISQ) | 3 |
## InfoBox
| "Les derniers seront les premiers" | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Promotional single by Celine Dion | |
| from the album *Live à Paris* | |
| Released | October 1996 (1996-10) |
| Recorded | October–November 1995 |
| Venue | Zénith Paris |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:48 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Jean-Jacques Goldman |
| | |
| Audio video | |
| "Les derniers seront les premiers" on YouTube | |
| | |
|
63,746,534
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonrodplatz
|
Leonrodplatz
|
Leonrodplatz is a square in the Munich district of Neuhausen. It was named in 1927 after the former Bavarian Minister of Justice Leopold von Leonrod.
| 2021-04-23T09:27:39
|
# Leonrodplatz
**Leonrodplatz** is a square in the Munich district of Neuhausen. It was named in 1927 after the former Bavarian Minister of Justice Leopold von Leonrod.
## Description
Leonrodplatz is located at the intersection of Dachauer Straße with Leonrodstraße and Schwere-Reiter-Straße or Dom-Pedro-Straße. The Olympiapark adjoins to the north-east.
To the west, Leonrodplatz is closed around the beginning of Dom-Pedro-Straße and is lined by historically listed buildings from the beginning of the 20th century. To the north, Leonrodplatz will border on the 39,000 square metre, seven-storey building of the *Strafjustizzentrum München* (Criminal Justice Centre), which has been under construction there since 2016 on a major construction site in which the Free State of Bavaria is investing 300 million EUR and is scheduled to be occupied by 2021. To the east, the Pathos Transport Theater has been located since 1982, as well as the *Schwere-Reiter-Theater* since 1993 and the *Theater Werk München* on Leonrodplatz since 2011, with the Munich Center of Community Arts (MUCCA) next door. In the future, the *Kreativquartier Schwabing* will be created here, according to the *Süddeutsche Zeitung* "the liveliest and most versatile artist biotope" of Munich. In the south are post-war buildings with retail shops, which were the location for the filming of the *Tatort* *Die Wahrheit* in May 2016.
The tram lines from Hohenzollernplatz to Rotkreuzplatz and from Stiglmaierplatz to Westfriedhof and on to Moosach cross at Leonrodplatz.
In March 2017, the Neuhausen-Nymphenburg district committee decided to use a design competition to convert Leonrodplatz into a district centre. The planned construction of a mosque for 800 praying people with a 20-metre high dome and 30-metre high minaret on Leonrodplatz, will not be realized, Imam Benjamin Idriz and the Munich Forum for Islam (MFI) had stood behind it.
## History
The area around today's Leonrodplatz was completely undeveloped until the middle of the 19th century. Later, the barracks quarter of Munich developed around Leonrodplatz. As of 1877, South of Leonrodplatz was the Maximilian-II-Kaserne as the largest barracks ever built in Munich, which was destroyed in the Second World War. In 1890 the *Eisenbahnkaserne* were built north of today's Leonrodplatz, on whose territory the new Criminal Justice Center is now being built. During the construction of the justice centre, a 1,200 square meter underground structure was discovered, which stretched over a length of 80 meters and a width of 15 meters at a depth of up to five meters and was filled with scrap iron after 1945 when the Americans took up quarters. East of Leonrodplatz, since the end of the 19th century, was the artillery workshops, further east the airship barracks (Luitpoldkaserne) were built in 1896 south of today's Schwere-Reiter-Straße and in 1935 the barracks kasern Oberwiesenfeld were added. In 1926, the barrel and *Jutierhalle* (Jute processing) were built at this corner, the area at the corner of Schwere-Reiter-Straße, Leonrodplatz and Dachauer Straße was used by the *Stadtwerke München* (public utilities), among others. As the successor of the police driving school, the volunteer fire brigade used a considerable part of the premises from 1995 to May 2016. From 2000 to 2003, the Munich Kammerspiele played in the *Jutierhalle* on Leonrodplatz.
In 1883, the first Munich steam tram ran from today's Stiglmaierplatz to Nymphenburg, which at the time was located on the outskirts of the city. However, since the trains frightened the horses on Nymphenburger Straße due to the noise, the line was moved to less busy parallel streets. On 25 July 1909, the new tram connection from Stiglmaierplatz to Leonrodplatz was used for the first time. In 1928 the tram lines from Hohenzollernplatz to Rotkreuzplatz followed, and in 1930 the line from Stiglmaierplatz to Moosach station was extended.
For the 1972 Summer Olympics, a car bridge had been built over Leonrodplatz along Dachauer Straße, which was demolished again in the early 1990s.
48°09′34″N 11°32′48″E / 48.1595°N 11.5468°E / 48.1595; 11.5468
|
43,278,610
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepturges_sexvittatus
|
Lepturges sexvittatus
|
Lepturges sexvittatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1874.
| 2024-09-29T15:04:27
|
# Lepturges sexvittatus
***Lepturges sexvittatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1874.
## InfoBox
| *Lepturges sexvittatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Lepturges* |
| Species: | ***L. sexvittatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepturges sexvittatus***<br>Bates, 1874 | |
|
|
64,338,493
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_There_Be_Light_(2007_film)
|
Let There Be Light (2007 film)
|
Let There Be Light is a 2007 Israeli documentary film about Meni Philips, an Haredi Jewish man who leaves his traditional community. The documentary was directed by Meni Phillip and Noam Reuveni, and was screened at the 2007 Jerusalem Film Festival.
| 2024-09-21T14:31:09
|
# Let There Be Light (2007 film)
***Let There Be Light*** is a 2007 Israeli documentary film about Meni Philips, an Haredi Jewish man who leaves his traditional community. The documentary was directed by Meni Phillip and Noam Reuveni, and was screened at the 2007 Jerusalem Film Festival.
## InfoBox
| Let There Be Light | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Meni Philips and Noam Reuveni |
| Release date | * 2007 (2007) (Israel) |
| Running time | 59 minutes |
| Country | Israel |
| Language | Hebrew |
|
12,010,057
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_There_Be_Light_(1946_film)
|
Let There Be Light (1946 film)
|
Let There Be Light—known to the U.S. Army as PMF 5019—is a documentary film directed by American filmmaker John Huston (1906–1987). It was the last in a series of four films directed by Huston while serving in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II. The film was produced in 1946 and was intended to educate the public about post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment among returning veterans, but its unscripted presentation of mental disability caused the U.S. government to suppress the film, and it was not released until the 1980s.
| 2024-09-05T04:50:26
|
# Let There Be Light (1946 film)
***Let There Be Light***—known to the U.S. Army as **PMF 5019**—is a documentary film directed by American filmmaker John Huston (1906–1987). It was the last in a series of four films directed by Huston while serving in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II. The film was produced in 1946 and was intended to educate the public about post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment among returning veterans, but its unscripted presentation of mental disability caused the U.S. government to suppress the film, and it was not released until the 1980s.
## Background
Demobilizing near the end of World War II, the U.S. Army had the task of reintegrating returning military veterans into peacetime society. Many veterans faced the stigma associated with "shell shock" or "psychoneurosis", the former terms for post-traumatic stress disorder. To convince the public, and especially employers, that veterans being treated for battle-induced mental instability were completely normal after psychiatric treatment, on June 25, 1945, the Army Signal Corps tasked Major John Huston with producing the documentary *The Returning Psychoneurotics*. Huston visited multiple Army hospitals on the East and West Coasts before deciding upon Mason General Hospital in Deer Park, New York, on Long Island. The reasons for the selection were that Mason General was the largest mental-health facility on the East Coast, that the hospital was located near the Army's motion picture production center at Astoria Studios in Queens and that the doctors were very open and receptive to the filming and any psychiatric questions that Huston had. The new title that Huston gave the film, *Let There Be Light*, was a reference to Genesis 1:3 of the King James Version of the Bible and alluded to the documentary's goal of revealing truths that were previously concealed as too frightening or shameful for acknowledgment.
## Content
The film begins with an introduction stating that 20 percent of wartime casualties are of a psychiatric nature. Veterans are transported from a medical ship to Mason General Hospital to be treated for mental conditions brought about by war. A group of 75 U.S. service members—recent combat veterans suffering from various "nervous conditions" including psychoneurosis, battle neurosis, conversion disorder, amnesia, severe stammering and anxiety states—arrive at the facility. They are brought into a room and told by an admissions officer to not be alarmed by the cameras, which will make a photographic record of their progress. Next are scenes of interviews between a doctor and some of the patients about their problems and the circumstances leading to that point. Various treatment methods are depicted, such as narcosynthesis, hypnosis, group psychotherapy, music therapy and work therapy. One soldier with amnesia is hypnotized to remember the trauma of the Japanese bombings on Okinawa and his life before that point. Another is given an intravenous injection of sodium amytal to induce a hypnotic state, curing him of his mental inability to walk. The treatments are followed by classes (designed to reintegrate patients into civilian life) and group therapy sessions. Therapists reassure the patients that there is no shame in receiving treatment for their mental conditions and that civilians subjected to the same stresses would develop the same conditions. The documentary shifts its tone to a sense of normalcy, with the soldiers performing regular activities and complaining about everyday problems. The film ends with some of the featured patients participating in a ceremony in which they are discharged, not just from the hospital, but from military service, and returned to civilian life.
## Production
The film was made as one of the early entries in the Army's Professional Medical Film series, which began in 1945. It was shot during Spring 1945 at Edgewood State Hospital, Deer Park, Long Island, New York, which between 1944 and 1946 was part of Mason General Hospital, a psychiatric hospital run by the War Department and named for an Army doctor and general.
There are no personal credits in the film. Offscreen credits have been compiled by several sources. The film includes scoring by Dimitri Tiomkin. The cinematography has been credited to Stanley Cortez, John Doran, Lloyd Fromm, Joseph Jackman and George Smith. The film's editors were William H. Reynolds and Gene Fowler Jr.
The film crew shot about 375,000 feet of film–close to 70 hours of film. The final product was edited down to less than one hour.
Instead of hindering treatment, the cameras actually seemed to have a stimulating effect on the patients. Patients who were filmed showed greater progress in recovering than those who were not. This is an example of the Hawthorne effect, in which patients respond better when they are observed.
The documentary was revolutionary for its time with its use of unscripted but real footage of interviews. Huston placed hidden cameras in the doctor-patient interview rooms, one focused on the doctor and the other focused on the patient. This style of showing raw emotion would not be replicated in documentaries for at least another decade. Another unusual aspect of the film was its integration of blacks with whites. Although some Army hospitals were integrated at the time, the military was segregated until President Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948.
In the summer and fall of 1947, the U.S. Army Pictorial Service created a reconstruction of *Let There Be Light* called *Shades of Gray* (PMF 5047). Joseph Henabery directed *Shades of Gray*, using an all-white cast of actors to recreate scenes and dialogue from Huston's documentary.
## Reception, suppression and release
The film was controversial in its portrayal of psychologically traumatized veterans of the war. "Twenty percent of our army casualties," the narrator says, "suffered psychoneurotic symptoms: a sense of impending disaster, hopelessness, fear, and isolation." Because of the potentially demoralizing effects that the film might have on post-war recruitment, it was subsequently banned by the Army after its production, although some unofficial copies had been made. Military police once confiscated a print that Huston was about to show friends at the Museum of Modern Art, claiming that the film invaded the privacy of the soldiers involved. The soldiers' releases that Huston had obtained had been lost, and the War Department refused to solicit new ones. Huston claimed that the military banned his film to maintain a "warrior" myth that American soldiers returned from war stronger, that everyone was a hero and that, despite casualties, their spirits remained unbroken.
The film's eventual release in the 1980s by Secretary of the Army Clifford Alexander, Jr. occurred after his friend Jack Valenti worked to have the ban lifted. The film was screened in the *Un Certain Regard* section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. The copy of the film that was released was of poor quality, with a garbled sound track that "made it almost impossible to understand the whispers and mumbles of soldiers in some scenes."
In 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The National Film Preservation Foundation then funded restoration of the print and its soundtrack. The restored version was released in May 2012.
The National Archives now sells and rents copies of the film and, as a federal government work, the film is in the public domain.
## Legacy
## Further reading
* Bibliography of articles/books (via UC Berkeley)
* Jones, Kent (June 22, 2003). "To Tell the Truth. *Let There Be Light*". *Reverse Shot. A different angle on moving images - past, present, and future*. Museum of the Moving Image. you don't remember the final, preordained bus ride to a bright future in *Let There Be Light*, but those faces, emptied of certainty and comfort, knowing that their destiny is to face a future eternally haunted by a past they never asked for.
* Rothöhler, Simon (June–July 2015). "Rückkehr des Verdrängten. Eine Mediengeschichte zu John Hustons *Let There Be Light*" \[Return of the Suppressed. A history of the prints of John Huston's *Let There Be Light*\]. *Mittelweg 36* (in German). **24** (3): 4–18.
* Turnour, Quentin (May 2000). "In the Waiting Room: John Huston's Let There Be Light". *Senses of Cinema*. **6**.
## InfoBox
| Let There Be Light<br>*PMF 5019* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Directed by | John Huston |
| Written by | John Huston<br>Charles Kaufman |
| Produced by | John Huston, Army Pictorial Service, Signal Corps, U.S. War Department |
| Narrated by | Walter Huston |
| Cinematography | |
| Edited by | William H. Reynolds<br>Gene Fowler Jr. |
| Music by | Dimitri Tiomkin |
| Distributed by | U.S. Army |
| Release date | * 1981 (1981) |
| Running time | 58 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
|
41,342,322
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Fisher_Ames
|
Levi Fisher Ames
|
Levi Fisher Ames was an American folk artist and woodcarver. In 1880 he photographed and carved actual and make believe beasts for his "cabinet of curiosities" to render
a touring tent show named the "L.F. Ames Museum of Art". In 2013 this work was included in the Italian pavilion section of the main exhibition of 'The Encyclopedia of the Mind" in the giardini curated by Massimiliano Gioni for the 55th edition of the Venice biennale d'arte.
| 2024-07-07T20:46:37
|
# Levi Fisher Ames
**Levi Fisher Ames** (1840 in Pennsylvania, United States of America – Monroe, Wisconsin 1923) was an American folk artist and woodcarver. In 1880 he photographed and carved actual and make believe beasts for his "cabinet of curiosities" to render a touring tent show named the "L.F. Ames Museum of Art". In 2013 this work was included in the Italian pavilion section of the main exhibition of 'The Encyclopedia of the Mind" in the giardini curated by Massimiliano Gioni for the 55th edition of the Venice biennale d'arte.
|
10,715,407
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin_Bentham_Bowring
|
Lewin Bentham Bowring
|
Lewin Bentham Bowring (1824–1910) was a British Indian civil servant in British India who served as the Chief Commissioner of Mysore between 1862 and 1870. He was also an author and man of letters.
| 2024-09-21T12:43:59
|
# Lewin Bentham Bowring
**Lewin Bentham Bowring** (1824–1910) was a British Indian civil servant in British India who served as the Chief Commissioner of Mysore between 1862 and 1870. He was also an author and man of letters.
## Early life
Bowring was born in 1824. He was the second son of Sir John Bowring (1792-1872), of Exeter, Devon, Governor of Hong Kong, and was a brother of John Charles Bowring and Edgar Alfred Bowring. He was educated at Mount Radford School.
## Career
Bowring joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1843. He became Assistant Resident at Lahore in 1847, and later joined the Punjab commission. From 1858 to 1862, he was private secretary to the Viceroy of India, Lord Canning.
Bowring served as Chief Commissioner of Mysore from 1862 to 1870. This was during the period between 1831 and 1881 when the Maharaja of Mysore had been dispossessed of his state by the British Raj and Mysore was being administered by the *Mysore Commission*.
The Bowring Institute in Bangalore, which was founded by Lewis Rice in 1868, is named after him.
During the last year of his incumbency, Bowring also served as the first Chief Commissioner of Coorg. He was created Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in 1867. He retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1870 and returned to England the same year.
## Author
After retiring from service, Bowring turned his efforts to writing. He authored the book *Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the struggle with the Mussulman powers of the south,* which was published in 1893 for the Rulers of India series. Bowring also edited his father's notes and published *Autobiographical Recollections of Sir John Bowring* in 1877.
|
8,319,909
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterio_Cucinotta
|
Letterio Cucinotta
|
Letterio Mario Cucinotta was an Italian racing driver who participated in the 1930 Indianapolis 500.
| 2024-03-04T00:47:13
|
# Letterio Cucinotta
**Letterio Mario Cucinotta** (27 March 1902 – 9 October 1987) was an Italian racing driver who participated in the 1930 Indianapolis 500.
## Biography
According to Indianapolis Motor Speedway historian Donald Davidson, very little is known about Cucinotta, who was from Messina, Italy, and drove with his own Maserati (sent at his own expense from Italy), but not for the team. He made only one appearance at Indianapolis, and is not known to have participated in any other American major automobile races. He was given the nickname "Piccolo Pete" by the crowd.
Cucinotta participated in many Italian races like Targa Florio, Tripoli Grand Prix and Coppa Acerbo. He was born in 1902 and died in 1987. His best overall score was a second place at the 1928 Coppa Messina, held on a 52-km road circuit in Sicily, and a class win at the 1926 Coppa Vinci driving an 1100 cc S.A.M. voiturette, also held at Messina. After the war, Cucinotta continued racing until 1964.
## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results
## InfoBox
| Letterio Cucinotta | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Letterio Mario Cucinotta<br>(1902-03-27)27 March 1902<br>Pace del Mela, Sicily, Italy |
| Died | 9 October 1987(1987-10-09) (aged 85)<br>Messina, Sicily, Italy |
| | |
| Champ Car career | |
| 1 race run over 1 year | |
| First race | 1930 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis) |
| Wins Podiums Poles 0 0 0 | |
| | |
| | |
|
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