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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Mazures
|
Les Mazures
|
Les Mazures is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. During the Second World War, Les Mazures was the site of a minor concentration camp, used by the Nazis for the detainment of Jews.
| 2024-08-24T12:26:12
|
# Les Mazures
**Les Mazures** (French pronunciation: \[le mazyʁ\]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
During the Second World War, Les Mazures was the site of a minor concentration camp, used by the Nazis for the detainment of Jews.
## Population
Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 798 | |
| 1968 | 922 | +15.5% |
| 1975 | 789 | −14.4% |
| 1982 | 781 | −1.0% |
| 1990 | 738 | −5.5% |
| 1999 | 774 | +4.9% |
| 2008 | 948 | +22.5% |
## InfoBox
| Les Mazures | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The road into Les Mazures | |
| Location of Les Mazures | |
| Les MazuresLes Mazures | |
| Coordinates: 49°53′19″N 4°37′38″E / 49.8886°N 4.6272°E / 49.8886; 4.6272 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Ardennes |
| Arrondissement | Charleville-Mézières |
| Canton | Bogny-sur-Meuse |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Elisabeth Bonillo-Deram |
| Area<sup>**1**</sup> | 36.14 km<sup>2</sup> (13.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 867 |
| Density | 24/km<sup>2</sup> (62/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 08284 /08500 |
| Elevation | 376 m (1,234 ft) |
| <sup>**1**</sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
|
63,016,934
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Sheldon
|
Alf Sheldon
|
Alfred Sheldon was an English professional footballer. He played in the English Football League for Coventry City and Wrexham. He also played for Worcester City, Dudley Town, Wellington, Shrewsbury Town and Redditch Town.
| 2023-10-13T04:50:56
|
# Alf Sheldon
**Alfred Sheldon** was an English professional footballer. He played in the English Football League for Coventry City and Wrexham. He also played for Worcester City, Dudley Town, Wellington, Shrewsbury Town and Redditch Town.
## InfoBox
Alf Sheldon
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Alfred Sheldon | | |
| Place of birth | Smethwick, England | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1911–1912 | Rowley United | | |
| 1912–1913 | Coombs Wood | | |
| 1913–1914 | Worcester City | | |
| 1914 | Dudley Town | | |
| 1919–1920 | Coventry City | 14 | (1) |
| 1920–1922 | Wellington | | |
| 1922–1923 | Wrexham | 39 | (5) |
| 1923–1924 | Wellington | | |
| 1924–1925 | Shrewsbury Town | | |
| 1925 | Redditch Town | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |
|
9,172,531
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylett_Hawes
|
Aylett Hawes
|
Aylett Hawes was a nineteenth-century medical doctor, politician, planter and slaveholder from Virginia.
| 2024-06-26T02:33:38
|
# Aylett Hawes
**Aylett Hawes** (April 21, 1768 August 31, 1833) was a nineteenth-century medical doctor, politician, planter and slaveholder from Virginia.
## Early life and education
Born in Culpeper County in the Colony of Virginia, Hawes received a private classical education. He then studied medicine and finished his education in Edinburgh, Scotland.
## Career
Upon returning to Virginia, Hawes practiced medicine as well as bought several plantations in Culpeper County and what became Rappahannock County, Virginia, which he farmed using enslaved labor. He owned 25 slaves in Culpeper County in 1810. A decade later, Hawes owned 49 slaves. In the last census before his death, he owned 70 slaves.
Culpeper County voters elected Hawes as one of their two representatives in the Virginia House of Delegates. He won re-election several times, serving from 1802 to 1806, all alongside John Roberts.
In 1810, voters in what was then Virginia's 9th congressional district elected Hawes, who ran as a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives. However, the 1810 census necessitated redistricting, so in his re-election campaign, Hawes ran in Virginia's 10th congressional district, whose incumbent John Dawson was moved into Virginia's 11th congressional district, much as Hawes was moved from the 9th. Hawes won re-election twice before resigning to resume his medical practice and plantations in Culpeper and Rappahannock Counties. He was succeeded by fellow Democratic Republican George F. Strother, who had succeeded him in the Virginia House of Delegates about a decade earlier.
## Death and legacy
Hawes died on his farm in Rappahannock County, Virginia, on August 31, 1833, and was interred on another plantation, in Sperryville, Virginia. He was the uncle of Richard Hawes, Albert Gallatin Hawes and Aylett Hawes Buckner.
## InfoBox
| Aylett Hawes | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates<br>from the Culpeper district | |
| **In office**<br>December 1, 1802 December 3, 1806Serving with John Roberts (Culpeper) | |
| Preceded by | Moses Green |
| Succeeded by | George F. Strother |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives<br>from Virginia's 9th district | |
| **In office**<br>March 4, 1811 March 3, 1813 | |
| Preceded by | John Love |
| Succeeded by | John Hungerford |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives<br>from Virginia's 10th district | |
| **In office**<br>March 4, 1813 March 3, 1817 | |
| Preceded by | John Dawson (U.S. politician) |
| Succeeded by | George F. Strother |
| | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1768-04-21)April 21, 1768<br>Culpeper County, Virginia Colony, British America |
| Died | August 31, 1833(1833-08-31) (aged 65)<br>Rappahannock County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Profession | Doctor, planter, politician |
| | |
|
25,674,930
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayano_Yamane
|
Ayano Yamane
|
Ayano Yamane is a Japanese josei manga artist, known for specializing in yaoi manga. She debuted as a professional manga artist in 1996 and since then has published several yaoi series and illustrated many light novels. Ayano Yamane is known for her humour and detailed art. She is one of the top selling yaoi manga artists in Japan. Her most successful work is the Finder Series.
| 2024-05-27T20:21:41
|
# Ayano Yamane
**Ayano Yamane** (やまね あやの or 山根 綾乃, *Yamane Ayano*) is a Japanese josei manga artist, known for specializing in yaoi manga. She debuted as a professional manga artist in 1996 and since then has published several yaoi series and illustrated many light novels. Ayano Yamane is known for her humour and detailed art. She is one of the top selling yaoi manga artists in Japan. Her most successful work is the *Finder Series*.
## Works
### Manga
* *The Strength of Pure Soul* (強がりのPure Soul, *Tsuyogari no Pure Soul*) (2000)
* *Like a Hero* (ヒーローみたいに, *Hero Mitai ni*) (*b-Boy Zips*, 2000)
* *Double Face* (ダブルフェイス) *(Drap,* 2001)
* *Lock Out!* (*LOCK OUT!*) *(Chara Selection,* 2002)
* *Finder* (ファインダーシリーズ, *Faindā Shirīzu*) *(BiblosLibre Publishing,* 2002-present*)*
* *A Foreign Love Affair* (異国色恋浪漫譚, *Ikoku Irokoi Romantan*), (*Core Magazine*, 2003)
* *Crimson Spell* (クリムゾン・スぺル), (*Tokuma Shoten*, 2004-2005)
* **Koisuru Finder no Hyouteki** (恋するファインダーの標的) ( (*Magazine Be x Boy,* 2009)
* **Koi wo Suru DNA +** (恋するDNA＋) (2010)
In 2010, Digital Manga Publishing licensed *Finder Series* in English. From 2007 to 2008, Kitty Media held the North American license of *Crimson Spell*, but in 2013 SuBLime Manga acquired the rights to publish this title. 801 Media has licensed *A Foreign Love Affair*.
### Light Novel Illustration
* **Finder no Hyouteki** (ファインダーの標的) (*b-Boy Phoenix,* 2007) Story & Art
* **Shousetsu Finder no Rakuin** (小説 ファインダー烙印) (2012) Art
### Artbooks
* *Artbook: Yamane Ayano Illustrations - Aya* (やまねあやのイラスト集 ｢絢｣), Biblos, 2004
### Anime Adaptations
## InfoBox
| Ayano Yamane | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | やまね あやの<br>(1977-12-18) December 18, 1977<br>Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Area(s) | Manga Artist |
| Notable works | *Finder Series*, *Crimson Spell* |
|
47,526,142
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayano_Yamada
|
Ayano Yamada
|
Ayano Yamada is a Japanese beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Japan 2015 that gives her the right to represent Japan at Miss Earth 2015. She was crowned by Miss Earth Japan 2014, Reina Nagata.
| 2023-09-19T14:38:06
|
# Ayano Yamada
**Ayano Yamada** (山田彩乃, *Yamada Ayano*, born December 1, 1990) is a Japanese beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Japan 2015 that gives her the right to represent Japan at Miss Earth 2015. She was crowned by Miss Earth Japan 2014, Reina Nagata.
## Pageantry
### Miss Earth Japan
Ayano joined the Miss Earth Japan 2015 pageant held on 11 July 2015. At the end of the event, she was hailed as the winner.
### Miss Earth 2015
Winning Miss Earth Japan for 2015, Ayano has Japan's representative to be Miss Earth 2015 and would try to succeed Jamie Herrell as the next Miss Earth.
## InfoBox
| Ayano Yamada | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-12-01) December 1, 1990<br>Gunma Prefecture, Japan |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Earth Japan 2015 |
| Major<br>competition(s) | Miss Earth 2015 |
| | |
|
18,256,280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayquina
|
Ayquina
|
Ayquina is a village located on the northern flank of Salado River Canyon in the Calama commune of the El Loa Province in Chile's Antofagasta Region. It sits at an elevation of 2,980 m (9,777 ft) above sea level. The festival of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Ayquina is the most important religious festival in the area. Cerro Paniri, a stratovolcano, plays an important role in the local culture and beliefs. On September 1, 1998, the city, along with Toconce, was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List for its universal cultural importance. Much of the village's architecture has a pre-Columbian flavor, which is given by its thatched roofs and walls of limestone rubble. There are agricultural terraces close to the village, which are located along the Salado River Canyon and cover an area of approximately 0.1 km (0.039 sq mi).
| 2019-12-26T01:29:16
|
# Ayquina
**Ayquina** (also spelled as **Aiquina**) is a village located on the northern flank of Salado River Canyon in the Calama commune of the El Loa Province in Chile's Antofagasta Region. It sits at an elevation of 2,980 m (9,777 ft) above sea level. The festival of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Ayquina is the most important religious festival in the area.
Cerro Paniri, a stratovolcano, plays an important role in the local culture and beliefs. On September 1, 1998, the city, along with Toconce, was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List for its universal cultural importance.
Much of the village's architecture has a pre-Columbian flavor, which is given by its thatched roofs and walls of limestone rubble.
There are agricultural terraces close to the village, which are located along the Salado River Canyon and cover an area of approximately 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.039 sq mi).
* Media related to Ayquina at Wikimedia Commons
22°16′45″S 68°19′19″W / 22.27917°S 68.32194°W / -22.27917; -68.32194
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3,307,704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayr,_Ontario
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Ayr, Ontario
|
Ayr is a community in Ontario, Canada that is located within the Township of North Dumfries in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Southwestern Ontario. Ayr is located south of Kitchener and west of Cambridge.
| 2024-09-10T02:05:56
|
# Ayr, Ontario
**Ayr** is a community in Ontario, Canada that is located within the Township of North Dumfries in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Southwestern Ontario. Ayr is located south of Kitchener and west of Cambridge.
## History
The village later to be called Ayr, on the Nith River, was originally a group of settlements, Mudge's Mills in the centre, Jedburgh to the east and Nithvale to the west, that eventually combined into one as they expanded. The name Ayr was first used in 1840 when it was assigned to the post office.
The territory in this area, eventually to be the township of North Dumfries, consisting of 94,305 acres, had been sold to Philip Stedman in 1798 from Joseph Brant of the Six Nations. Ownership transferred to Thomas Clarke and then in 1816 to William Dickson a wealthy immigrant from Scotland.
Absalom Shade was the only individual land owner in the area of the junction of Smith's Creek (now the Nith River) and Cedar Creek in 1822 and the first actual settler was Abel Mudge, initially as a squatter. He built a dam, a sawmill and a grist mill. The Nith River and Cedar Creek were useful for powering mills. Most subsequent settlers at Mudge's Mills were Scottish, farmers, artisans or tradesmen.
Jedburgh was founded by John Hall from Scotland in 1832. He built a flour mill and a distillery. Nithvale was founded during the early 1830s when a flour mill and two sawmills were opened but little information remains from that era. Hall opened a flour mill and a distillery nearby in 1832.
The settlement at Mudge's Mill was laid out by James Jackson, the first settler, with J. R. Andrews, and Robert Wylie in 1839. The name Ayr was chosen by Wylie after his hometown of Ayr, Scotland; Wylie served as the community's second postmaster after Jackson. The other two settlements were not a part of Ayr but received their mail at the single post office. The *Smith's Canadian Gazetteer* of 1846 describes Ayr, population 230, as containing two churches, a post office receiving mail once a week and businesses such as a grist mill, fulling mill and carding machine, a tannery, two stores, a blacksmith, two shoemakers, two tailors, one cooper and two carpenters.
The largest business in Ayr for many decades was a foundry. In 1849, the John Watson Manufacturing Company (later Ayr Machinery Works) was already making threshing, mowing, reaping and other farm implements. By then, the population was 700 and a newspaper and library were operating. The town-hall was built in 1850. A large furniture factory also opened at about the same time. There were also five flour mills in the three communities that later formed Ayr, a very large sawmill and a woolen mill by then. Watson's company was very successful, shipping agricultural implements across the country by 1864. By 1850, a good road to Galt had been built and a railway had reached Galt, some distance from Ayr. During that time, goods for export were taken by ox carts to the train station at Paris, Ontario. The town hall was built in 1850 and a fire department was started the same year.
By 1854, the village had a small library, two school houses, a fire company, a newspaper and a single (Presbyterian) church. In addition to the major farm implements manufacturer, other businesses that were operating in 1864 included grist and saw mills, five flour mills, a woollen mill, stores and a furniture factory. The population was 1000, there were five churches, a fire company, a weekly newspaper and a large school with students from primary to senior level.
The village got a rail line from the Credit Valley Railway in 1879, which helped facilitate the importing and exporting of goods. Jedburg and Nithvale were absorbed into Ayr in 1884 when the village was incorporated, with foundry owner John Watson as the first Reeve.
By 1888, the streets were lit with coal oil lamps and concrete sidewalks were installed in 1901. A large library was built in 1909 with funds provided by a Carnegie grant. Ayr was declining by around 1910 and some of the population moved to nearby Berlin and Preston. Starting in the 1950s and still continuing, new homes were built for commuters, helping to increase the population.
In January 1973, Ayr was incorporated into the Township of North Dumfries and the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.
On the morning of August 17th 2024, the town was hit by a EF2 tornado that damaged multiple homes, buildings, businesses, vehicles, as well as overturning rail cars.
## Sports
Ayr is home to the Ayr Centennials, a junior hockey team in the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League, and the Ayr Curling Club
## Community buildings
The newest major addition to the village of Ayr is the North Dumfries Community Complex; major construction was completed in 2011.
## Education
The community of Ayr is served by three publicly funded elementary schools. Built in 1890, Ayr public school was the area's first school for nearly a century. The school's current population of 200 ranges from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 6, feeding into Cedar Creek Public School. St. Brigid Catholic Elementary School was opened in 1998 to serve the students from kindergarten to Grade 8 The most recent school of the three, Cedar Creek public school first opened its doors in 1999; currently serving 460 students in Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8.
As Ayr does not have a high school, most of the community's students attend school in Cambridge. Graduates of Cedar Creek Public School will go on to attend Southwood Secondary School; while catholic students will attend Monsignor Doyle Catholic Secondary School.
## TV and movies
## Notable people
## InfoBox
| Ayr | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Downtown Ayr | |
| AyrAyr | |
| Coordinates: 43°17′8″N 80°27′0″W / 43.28556°N 80.45000°W / 43.28556; -80.45000 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Regional municipality | Waterloo |
| Township | North Dumfries |
| Settled | 1824 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.76 km<sup>2</sup> (2.22 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 5,383 |
| Density | 934.4/km<sup>2</sup> (2,420/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Forward sortation area | N0B 1E0 |
| Area codes | 519, 226 and 548 |
| NTS Map | 040P08 |
| GNBC Code | FEGAH |
|
2,022,061
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_chirality
|
Axial chirality
|
In chemistry, axial chirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule contains two pairs of chemical groups in a non-planar arrangement about an axis of chirality so that the molecule is not superposable on its mirror image. The axis of chirality is usually determined by a chemical bond that is constrained against free rotation either by steric hindrance of the groups, as in substituted biaryl compounds such as BINAP, or by torsional stiffness of the bonds, as in the C=C double bonds in allenes such as glutinic acid. Axial chirality is most commonly observed in substituted biaryl compounds wherein the rotation about the aryl–aryl bond is restricted so it results in chiral atropisomers, as in various ortho-substituted biphenyls, and in binaphthyls such as BINAP. Axial chirality differs from central chirality in that axial chirality does not require a chiral center such as an asymmetric carbon atom, the most common form of chirality in organic compounds. Bonding to asymmetric carbon has the form Cabcd where a, b, c, and d must be distinct groups. Allenes have the form abC=C=Ccd and the groups need not all be distinct as long as groups in each pair are distinct: abC=C=Cab is sufficient for the compound to be chiral, as in penta-2,3-dienedioic acid. Similarly, chiral atropisomers of the form abC−Ccd may have some identical groups (abC−Cab), as in BINAP.
| 2023-05-30T18:47:57
|
# Axial chirality
In chemistry, **axial chirality** is a special case of chirality in which a molecule contains two pairs of chemical groups in a non-planar arrangement about an **axis of chirality** so that the molecule is not superposable on its mirror image. The axis of chirality (or *chiral axis*) is usually determined by a chemical bond that is constrained against free rotation either by steric hindrance of the groups, as in substituted biaryl compounds such as BINAP, or by torsional stiffness of the bonds, as in the C=C double bonds in allenes such as glutinic acid. Axial chirality is most commonly observed in substituted biaryl compounds wherein the rotation about the aryl–aryl bond is restricted so it results in chiral atropisomers, as in various ortho-substituted biphenyls, and in binaphthyls such as BINAP.
Axial chirality differs from central chirality (point chirality) in that axial chirality does not require a chiral center such as an asymmetric carbon atom, the most common form of chirality in organic compounds. Bonding to asymmetric carbon has the form Cabcd where a, b, c, and d must be distinct groups. Allenes have the form abC=C=Ccd and the groups need not all be distinct as long as groups in each pair are distinct: abC=C=Cab is sufficient for the compound to be chiral, as in penta-2,3-dienedioic acid. Similarly, chiral atropisomers of the form abC−Ccd may have some identical groups (abC−Cab), as in BINAP.
## Nomenclature
The enantiomers of axially chiral compounds are usually given the stereochemical labels (*R*<sub>a</sub>) and (*S*<sub>a</sub>), sometimes abbreviated (*R*) and (*S*). The designations are based on the same Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules used for tetrahedral stereocenters. The chiral axis is viewed end-on and the two "near" and two "far" substituents on the axial unit are ranked, but with the additional rule that the two near substituents have higher priority than the far ones.
*R* and *S* configurations are determined by precedences of the groups attached to the axial section of the molecule when viewed along that axis.
## Helical chirality
The chirality of a molecule that has a helical, propeller, or screw-shaped geometry is called *helicity* or *helical chirality*. The screw axis or the *D*<sub>*n*</sub>, or *C*<sub>*n*</sub> principle symmetry axis is considered to be the axis of chirality. Some sources consider helical chirality to be a type of axial chirality, and some do not. IUPAC does not refer to helicity as a type of axial chirality.
Enantiomers having helicity may labeled by using the prefix notation (*P*) ("plus") or Δ (from Latin *dexter*, "right") for a right-handed helix, and (*M*) ("minus") or Λ (Latin *levo*, "left") for a left-handed helix. The *P*/*M* or Δ/Λ terminology is used particularly for molecules that actually resemble a helix, such as the helicenes. This notation can also be applied to non-helical structures having axial chirality by considering the helical orientation of the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog group rankings of the "front" groups compared to the "back", when viewed from either direction along the axis.
*P* helicity*M* helicityConfigurations of \[7\]helicene 1. IUPAC, *Compendium of Chemical Terminology*, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006) "axial chirality". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00547
2. Eliel, Ernest L.; Wilen, Samuel H.; Mander, Lewis N. (1994). *Stereochemistry of organic compounds*. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-01670-5. OCLC 27642721.
3. Cross, L. C.; Klyne, W. (1976). "Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Section E: Stereochemistry (Recommendations 1974)". *Pure Appl. Chem*. **45** (1): 11–30. doi:10.1351/pac197645010011. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. Cross, L. C.; Klyne, W. (1976). "Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Section E: Stereochemistry (Recommendations 1974)" (PDF). *Pure Appl. Chem*. **45**: 11–30. doi:10.1351/pac197645010011. Chiral axis. The structure is regarded as an elongated tetrahedron and viewed along the axis—it is immaterial from which end it is viewed; the nearer pair of ligands receives the first two positions in the order of preference
5. IUPAC, *Compendium of Chemical Terminology*, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006) "helicity". doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02763
6. Tan, Bin (2021). *Axially Chiral Compounds: Asymmetric Synthesis and Applications*. ISBN 978-3-527-82517-2. OCLC 1264474520.
7. Clark, Andrew; Kitson, Russell R. A.; Mistry, Nimesh; Taylor, Paul; Taylor, Matthew; Lloyd, Michael; Akamune, Caroline (2021). *Introduction to Stereochemistry*. ISBN 978-1-78801-315-4. OCLC 1180250839.
8. Zhang, Dawei; Mulatier, Jean-Christophe; Cochrane; et al. (2016-05-02). "Helical, Axial, and Central Chirality Combined in a Single Cage: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Recognition Properties". *Chemistry - A European Journal*. **22** (24): 8038–8042. doi:10.1002/chem.201600664. ISSN 0947-6539. PMID 27037555.
9. "VLU: Additional Chirality Elements - Chemgapedia". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
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39,425,667
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayumi_Oka_(tennis)
|
Ayumi Oka (tennis)
|
Ayumi Oka is a Japanese former professional tennis player. Most time of her career, she played on the ITF Women's Circuit. In June 2009, she reached her highest singles ranking of 297 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). In July 2010, she reached her best WTA doubles ranking of 219.
| 2023-06-16T09:26:54
|
# Ayumi Oka (tennis)
**Ayumi Oka** (岡あゆみ, *Oka Ayumi*, born 13 March 1986) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. Most time of her career, she played on the ITF Women's Circuit.
In June 2009, she reached her highest singles ranking of 297 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). In July 2010, she reached her best WTA doubles ranking of 219.
## ITF Circuit finals
| $100,000 tournaments |
| --- |
| $75,000 tournaments |
| $50,000 tournaments |
| $25,000 tournaments |
| $10,000 tournaments |
### Singles (2–0)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winner | 1. | 9 September 2007 | ITF Kyoto, Japan | Carpet (i) | Haruka Fujishiro | 6–1, 4–6, 6–3 |
| Winner | 2. | 22 August 2011 | ITF Saitama, Japan | Hard | Duan Yingying | 6–3, 6–4 |
### Doubles (13–10)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winner | 1. | 12 June 2005 | ITF Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Natsuko Kurita | Nozomi Aiba <br>Kana Okawa | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Winner | 2. | 4 June 2007 | ITF Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Mari Tanaka | Tomoko Taira <br>Etsuko Kitazaki | 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |
| Winner | 3. | 22 July 2007 | Kurume Cup, Japan | Grass | Tomoko Sugano | Liu Wanting <br>Song Shanshan | 6–4, 6–1 |
| Winner | 4. | 22 September 2007 | Tsukuba, Japan | Hard | Tomoko Sugano | Natsumi Hamamura <br>Ayaka Maekawa | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 5. | 19 November 2007 | Manila, Philippines | Hard | Kei Sekine | Chen Yi <br>Kao Shao-yuan | 6–7<sup>(5–7)</sup>, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 6. | 3 May 2008 | Balikpapan, Indonesia | Hard | Tomoko Sugano | Sandy Gumulya <br>Lavinia Tananta | 3–6, 6–4, \[7–10\] |
| Winner | 7. | 22 June 2008 | Sutama, Japan | Clay | Ayaka Maekawa | Kazusa Ito <br>Tomoko Taira | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Runner-up | 8. | 13 July 2008 | Tokyo, Japan | Carpet | Varatchaya Wongteanchai | Chang Kyung-mi <br>Chae Kyung-yee | 6–3, 2–6, \[7–10\] |
| Winner | 9. | 20 September 2008 | Kyoto, Japan | Carpet (i) | Varatchaya Wongteanchai | Maki Arai <br>Yurina Koshino | 5–7, 6–2, \[10–2\] |
| Runner-up | 10. | 1 June 2009 | Komoro, Japan | Clay | Varatchaya Wongteanchai | Zhang Shuai <br>Xu Yifan | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Winner | 11. | 8 June 2009 | Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Mari Tanaka | Maki Arai <br>Yurina Koshino | 7–6, 6–0 |
| Winner | 12. | 2 August 2009 | Obihiro, Japan | Carpet | Natsumi Hamamura | Rika Fujiwara <br>Kurumi Nara | 3–6, 6–1, \[10–5\] |
| Winner | 13. | 23 May 2010 | Karuizawa, Japan | Carpet | Akiko Yonemura | Sun Shengnan <br>Xu Yifan | 7–6 <sup>(7–1)</sup>, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 14. | 2 August 2010 | Niigata, Japan | Carpet | Miki Miyamura | Akari Inoue <br>Kotomi Takahata | 1–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 15. | 19 September 2010 | Kyoto, Japan | Carpet (i) | Kaori Onishi | Kazusa Ito <br>Tomoko Taira | 3–6, 6–7<sup>(5–7)</sup> |
| Winner | 16. | 20 March 2011 | Miyazaki, Japan | Carpet | Mari Inoue | Chinami Ogi <br>Yuuki Tanaka | 5–7, 6–2, \[10–8\] |
| Winner | 17. | 15 May 2011 | Kurume Cup, Japan | Grass | Akiko Yonemura | Rika Fujiwara <br>Tamarine Tanasugarn | 6–3, 5–7, \[10–8\] |
| Runner-up | 18. | 22 May 2011 | Karuizawa, Japan | Carpet (i) | Natsumi Hamamura | Rika Fujiwara <br>Shuko Aoyama | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 19. | 14 May 2011 | Niigata, Japan | Hard | Akari Inoue | Natsumi Hamamura <br>Erika Sema | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 20. | 22 August 2011 | Saitama, Japan | Hard | Akari Inoue | Liu Wanting <br>Liang Chen | 3–6, 7–5, \[9–11\] |
| Runner-up | 21. | 11 September 2011 | Nato, Japan | Carpet | Natsumi Hamamura | Kanae Hisami <br>Varatchaya Wongteanchai | 6–1, 6–7<sup>(4–7)</sup>, \[12–14\] |
| Winner | 22. | 30 October 2011 | Hamanako, Japan | Carpet | Natsumi Hamamura | Huỳnh Phương Đài Trang <br>Varatchaya Wongteanchai | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Winner | 23. | 23 March 2012 | ITF Kofu, Japan | Hard | Kotomi Takahata | Eri Hozumi <br>Remi Tezuka | 6–4, 5–7, \[10–3\] |
## InfoBox
Ayumi Oka
| Country (sports) | Japan |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1986-03-13) 13 March 1986<br>Hyogo, Japan |
| Plays | Right (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $89,103 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 154–144 |
| Career titles | 2 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 297 (15 June 2009) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 148–114 |
| Career titles | 13 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 219 (7 July 2010) |
|
51,449,831
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayumi_Niekawa
|
Ayumi Niekawa
|
Ayumi Niekawa Ayumi Niekawa is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for J1 League club Urawa Red Diamonds.
| 2024-08-12T14:33:44
|
# Ayumi Niekawa
**Ayumi Niekawa** (牲川 歩見, *Niekawa Ayumi*, born 12 May 1994 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for J1 League club Urawa Red Diamonds.
## National team career
In June 2011, Niekawa was elected Japan U-17 national team for 2011 U-17 World Cup. He played 1 match against Argentina.
## Club statistics
*As of 25 June 2022*
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | | | League | | Emperor's Cup | | J.League Cup | | AFC | | Total | |
| Júbilo Iwata | 2013 | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 |
| | 2014 | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J.League U-22 Selection (loan) | 2014 | J3 League | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 9 | 0 |
| | 2015 | | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 12 | 0 |
| | Total | | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Sagan Tosu (loan) | 2016 | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 |
| Thespakusatsu Gunma (loan) | 2017 | J2 League | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 13 | 0 |
| Azul Claro Numazu (loan) | 2018 | J3 League | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 27 | 0 |
| | 2019 | | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 29 | 0 |
| | Total | | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 0 |
| Mito Hollyhock | 2020 | J2 League | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 20 | 0 |
| | 2021 | | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | 40 | 0 |
| | Total | | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| Urawa Red Diamonds | 2022 | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 148 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 151 | 0 |
## Honours
### Club
**Urawa Red Diamonds**
## InfoBox
Ayumi Niekawa
牲川 歩見
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ayumi Niekawa | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-05-12) 12 May 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan | | |
| Height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Urawa Red Diamonds | | |
| Number | 16 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2007–2012 | Júbilo Iwata | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2013–2019 | Júbilo Iwata | 0 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | J. League U-22 (loan) | 21 | (0) |
| 2016 | Sagan Tosu (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2017 | Thespakusatsu Gunma (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Azul Claro Numazu (loan) | 56 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | Mito HollyHock | 60 | (0) |
| 2022– | Urawa Red Diamonds | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2011 | Japan U-17 | 1 | (0) |
| Medal record Representing Japan AFC U-23 Championship 2016 Qatar | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 25 June 2022 | | | |
|
40,591,384
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayesha_Siddiqa_Girls_School
|
Ayesha Siddiqa Girls School
|
Ayesha Siddiqa Girls School is an independent Islamic school in Southall, London Borough of Ealing, West London, England. It is located on the second and third floors of the Abu Bakr Mosque.
| 2024-01-17T12:11:34
|
# Ayesha Siddiqa Girls School
**Ayesha Siddiqa Girls School** is an independent Islamic school in Southall, London Borough of Ealing, West London, England. It is located on the second and third floors of the Abu Bakr Mosque.
51°30′44″N 0°23′02″W / 51.5122°N 0.3839°W / 51.5122; -0.3839
## InfoBox
| Ayesha Siddiqa Girls School | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Address | |
| | |
| 165-169 The Broadway, Southall<br>London, UB1 1LS<br>England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private day school |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Islam |
| Established | 25 January 2007 |
| Local authority | London Borough of Ealing |
| Department for Education URN | 135155 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal | Mrs Azraa Qureshi |
| Gender | Female |
| Age | 11 to 19 |
| Enrolment | 73 |
| Website | https://ayeshasiddiqa.org.uk/ |
|
18,846,560
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fda%C5%9F,_Jalilabad
|
Ağdaş, Jalilabad
|
Ağdaş is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,354.
| 2017-03-12T09:37:36
|
# Ağdaş, Jalilabad
**Ağdaş** (also, **Agdash**) is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,354.
## InfoBox
| Ağdaş | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Ağdaş | |
| Coordinates: 39°05′05″N 48°30′04″E / 39.08472°N 48.50111°E / 39.08472; 48.50111 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Jalilabad |
| Population | |
| Total | 2,354 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |
|
2,348,568
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_Singapore
|
Income tax in Singapore
|
Income tax in Singapore involves both individual income tax and corporate income tax. Income earned both inside and outside the country for individuals and corporate entities is taxed
| 2024-04-17T08:17:46
|
# Income tax in Singapore
**Income tax** in Singapore involves both individual income tax and corporate income tax. Income earned both inside and outside the country for individuals and corporate entities is taxed
## Individual income tax
Individual income tax in Singapore is payable on an annual basis, it is currently based on the progressive tax system (for local residents and tax residents), with taxes ranging from 0% to 22% since Year of Assessment 2017. The Year of Assessment (YA) is based on the calendar year commencing 1 January to 31 December, and is payable on a preceding year basis, whereby taxes payable per year of assessment is based on income earned in the preceding calendar year.
Taxation is based on the source principle, in which only income earned at source, in this case in Singapore, or those derived from overseas but received in Singapore, are taxable. Any income arising from sources outside Singapore and received in Singapore on or after 1 January 2004 by an individual (other than partners of a partnership) is exempt from tax. This system has the potential to allow for tax avoidance practiced by individuals who derive income from abroad, gain tax exemptions via their non-resident status there, and use this income outside Singapore. Expatriates and foreign workers in Singapore are also liable for paying income tax.
## Corporate income tax
Corporate income tax like individual income tax is payable on an annual basis. However, foreign income earned by a Singapore company may require dual taxation once in the income origin country and in Singapore. In such a case, companies can claim Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) payable on the same income. As companies are taxed only on the preceding year, there is a need for business owners to truly understand the difference between "year of assessment" and "basis period".
Companies are taxed at a flat rate of 17% of their chargeable income. This applies to both local and foreign companies.
Foreign-sourced dividends, foreign branch profits and foreign-sourced service income remitted into Singapore on or after 1 June 2003 by a Singapore resident company will be tax exempt if:
* the headline tax rate of the foreign country from which income is received is at least 15 percent in the year the income is received, and
* the foreign income had been subjected to tax in the foreign country from which it was received.
|
3,605,469
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_tent_turtle
|
Indian tent turtle
|
The Indian tent turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is found in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
| 2024-02-23T11:06:44
|
# Indian tent turtle
The **Indian tent turtle** (***Pangshura tentoria***) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is found in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
## Description
*P. tentoria* is a small species of turtle, growing to a maximum straight carapace length of 27 cm (11 in).
## Subspecies
Three subspecies of *P. tentoria* are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
*Nota bene*: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than *Pangshura*.
## Geographic range
*P. tentoria* is found in Peninsular India, Nepal, and Bangladesh at elevations below 80 m (260 ft) asl.
* *P. t. tentoria*Mahanadi and Godavari river drainages in India (country endemic)
* *P. t. circumdata* – upper and central Ganges river drainage in India and southern Nepal
* *P. t. flaviventer* – lower Ganges drainage in Bangladesh, India, and southern Nepal
Type locality: "*in Indiae Orientalis regione Dukhun* \[=Deccan\] *dicta* "; restricted by M.A. Smith 1931: 128, to "Dhond, Poona Dist.", India.
## Habitat
*P. tentoria* is primarily a riverine turtle that occurs in both small and large rivers. They bask on rocks and tree snags. Females are largely herbivores while males and juveniles are more carnivorous.
## Reproduction
*P. tentoria* is oviparous.
## Further reading
* Gray JE (1834). "Characters of several New Species of freshwater tortoises (*Emys*) from India and China". *Proc. Zool. Soc. London* **2**: 53–55. (*Emys tentoria*, new species, p. 54). (in English and Latin).
* Günther ACLG. (1864). *The Reptiles of British India.* London: The Ray Society. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxvii + 452 pp. + Plates I-XXVI. (*Pangshura tentoria*, pp. 34–35 + Plate IV, figures C, C').
* Smith MA (1931). *The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I.—Loricata, Testudines.* London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxviii + 185 pp. + Plates I-II. (*Kachuga tectum tentoria*, pp. 128–129).
## InfoBox
| Indian tent turtle | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| *P. t. tentoria*<br>Chambal River, Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Conservation status | |
| <br>Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Superfamily: | Testudinoidea |
| Family: | Geoemydidae |
| Genus: | *Pangshura* |
| Species: | ***P. tentoria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pangshura tentoria***<br>(Gray, 1834) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pangshura tentoria tentoria** *Emys tentoria*<br>Gray, 1834 * *Batagur (Pangshura) tentoria*<br>— Gray, 1856 * ? *Emys namadicus*<br>Theobald, 1860 *(nomen nudum)* * *Clemmys tentoria*<br>Strauch, 1862 * *Pangshura tentoria*<br>Günther, 1864 * *Pangshura tentori* \[sic\]<br>Theobald, 1868 *(ex errore)* * *Pangshura tentorium*<br>— Gray, 1869 * *Emys (Pangshura) tectum* var. *intermedia*<br>Blanford, 1870 * *Cuchoa tentoria*<br>— Gray, 1870 * *Pangshura leithii*<br>Gray, 1870 * ? *Emys namadica*<br>Boulenger, 1889 * *Kachuga intermedia*<br>— Boulenger, 1889 * *Kachuga tectum intermedia*<br>Annandale, 1912 * *Kachuga tectum tentoria*<br>M.A. Smith, 1931 * *Kachuga tecta tentoria*<br>Mertens, L. Müller & Rust, 1934 * *Kachuga tentoria tentoria*<br>— Pritchard, 1979 * *Pangshura tentoria tentoria*<br>— Das, 2001 * *Kachuga tentnria* \[sic\]<br>Artner, 2003 *(ex errore)* *Pangshura tentoria circumdata** *Kachuga tecta circumdata*<br>Mertens, 1969 * *Kachuga tecta circumbata* \[sic\]<br>Thelwall, 1971 *(ex errore)* * *Kachuga tentoria circumdata*<br>Pritchard, 1979 * *Pangshura tentoria circumdata*<br>Das, 2001 *Pangshura tentoria flaviventer** *Pangshura flaviventer*<br>Günther, 1864 * *Cuchoa flaviventris* \[sic\]<br>Gray, 1870 *(ex errore)* * *Kachuga tecta flaviventer*<br>— Mertens, 1969 * *Kachuga tentoria flaviventer*<br>Moll, 1987 * *Pangshura tentoria flaviventer*<br>— Das, 2001 | |
|
18,863,509
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Qarag%C3%BCv%C9%99ndli
|
Aşağı Qaragüvəndli
|
Aşağı Qaragüvəndli is a village in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan.
| 2017-03-12T09:50:19
|
# Aşağı Qaragüvəndli
39°43′09″N 47°55′01″E / 39.71917°N 47.91694°E / 39.71917; 47.91694
**Aşağı Qaragüvəndli** (also, **Ashaga Karakyuvendikly** and **Ashagy Karagyuvyandli**) is a village in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan.
## InfoBox
| Aşağı Qaragüvəndli | |
| --- | --- |
| Aşağı Qaragüvəndli | |
| Coordinates: 39°43′09″N 47°55′01″E / 39.71917°N 47.91694°E / 39.71917; 47.91694 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Imishli |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |
|
26,963,551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._Burinbeki
|
B. Burinbeki
|
B. Burinbeki was a modern Mongol poet. He was born to a poor family in Baarin Right Banner, Joo Oda League, Inner Mongolia, only received several years of basic education. His mother was a folk singer. In 1948 he attend the Communist movement, and entered the Jinchareliao Union University to study literature and art in the same year. Burinbeki mainly writes in Mongolian. His poetry collections published include Hello Spring, Gold season, Fireworks of life, Phoenix, Fountain and Poems of Ba Burinbeki. He also wrote several poetry criticism books such as Notes of a poet seeking heartfelt wishes, Mongolian Poetry Aesthetics, Poetics of Mongolian epic and so on.
| 2023-02-08T13:34:52
|
# B. Burinbeki
**B. Burinbeki** (February 26, 1928 - October 11, 2009) was a modern Mongol poet. He was born to a poor family in Baarin Right Banner, Joo Oda League, Inner Mongolia, only received several years of basic education. His mother was a folk singer. In 1948 he attend the Communist movement, and entered the Jinchareliao Union University to study literature and art in the same year. Burinbeki mainly writes in Mongolian. His poetry collections published include *Hello Spring*, *Gold season*, *Fireworks of life*, *Phoenix*, *Fountain* and *Poems of Ba Burinbeki*. He also wrote several poetry criticism books such as *Notes of a poet seeking heartfelt wishes*, *Mongolian Poetry Aesthetics*, *Poetics of Mongolian epic* and so on.
|
64,563,451
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._N._Bhargava
|
B. N. Bhargava
|
Bashweshwar Nath Bhargava was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Ajmer, Rajasthan as a member of the Indian National Congress. Bhargava died in Delhi on 12 August 1984, at the age of 54.
| 2023-07-08T06:11:16
|
# B. N. Bhargava
**Bashweshwar Nath Bhargava** (7 July 1930 – 12 August 1984) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Ajmer, Rajasthan as a member of the Indian National Congress. Bhargava died in Delhi on 12 August 1984, at the age of 54.
## InfoBox
| B. N. Bhargava | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **In office**<br>1967–1977 | |
| Preceded by | Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava |
| Succeeded by | Shrikaran Sharda |
| Constituency | Ajmer |
| | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1930-07-07)7 July 1930<br>Rewari, Punjab, British India |
| Died | 12 August 1984(1984-08-12) (aged 54)<br>Delhi, India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | Sheela Vishesh Bhargava |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence(s) | Ajmer, Rajasthan, India |
| Source: | |
|
67,243,485
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fcalar,_Pasinler
|
Ağcalar, Pasinler
|
Ağcalar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pasinler, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 204 (2022).
| 2023-08-29T19:44:44
|
# Ağcalar, Pasinler
**Ağcalar** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pasinler, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 204 (2022).
## InfoBox
| Ağcalar | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| AğcalarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°55′33″N 41°31′31″E / 39.9257°N 41.5254°E / 39.9257; 41.5254 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| District | Pasinler |
| Population (2022) | 204 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
|
67,218,542
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fca%C5%9Far,_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCk%C3%B6y
|
Ağcaşar, Köprüköy
|
Ağcaşar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Köprüköy, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 678 (2022).
| 2023-08-30T11:42:28
|
# Ağcaşar, Köprüköy
**Ağcaşar** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Köprüköy, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 678 (2022).
## InfoBox
| Ağcaşar | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| AğcaşarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°54′56″N 41°58′57″E / 39.9155°N 41.9824°E / 39.9155; 41.9824 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| District | Köprüköy |
| Population (2022) | 678 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
|
75,462,905
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK-5-MAPB
|
BK-5-MAPB
|
βk-5-MAPB is an entactogenic drug which is both a substituted cathinone and substituted benzofuran, being structurally related to methylone and 5-MAPB. It acts as a monoamine releaser with selectivity for serotonin and has a similar potency to MDMA.
| 2024-09-02T02:02:49
|
# BK-5-MAPB
**βk-5-MAPB** is an entactogenic drug which is both a substituted cathinone and substituted benzofuran, being structurally related to methylone and 5-MAPB. It acts as a monoamine releaser with selectivity for serotonin and has a similar potency to MDMA.
## InfoBox
BK-5-MAPB
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 1-(1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one | |
| PubChem CID | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> |
| Molar mass | 203.241 g·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| SMILES * CC(C(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)OC=C2)NC | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C12H13NO2/c1-8(13-2)12(14)10-3-4-11-9(7-10)5-6-15-11/h3-8,13H,1-2H3 * Key:GKZGRACLZFHCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
|
67,649,124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%26b,_de_boca_en_boca
|
B&b, de boca en boca
|
B&b, de boca en boca is a Spanish workplace comedy-drama television series created by Daniel Écija that originally aired from February 2014 to December 2015 on Telecinco. It stars Belén Rueda, Gonzalo de Castro, Carlos Iglesias, Dani Rovira, Macarena García, Fran Perea and Andrés Velencoso, among others.
| 2023-03-16T12:02:44
|
# B&b, de boca en boca
***B&b, de boca en boca*** is a Spanish workplace comedy-drama television series created by Daniel Écija that originally aired from February 2014 to December 2015 on Telecinco. It stars Belén Rueda, Gonzalo de Castro, Carlos Iglesias, Dani Rovira, Macarena García, Fran Perea and Andrés Velencoso, among others.
## Premise
The fiction, a dramedy, is centered on the work taking place in a fashion magazine.
## Cast
Introduced in season 2
## Production and release
Created by Daniel Écija, Écija was also credited as executive producer. Produced by Globomedia, production began filming by September 2013. The series debuted on Telecinco on 17 February 2014, facing *Velvet* as prime time rival. The last episode of the first season aired on 11 June 2014. 15 months later, the series returned on 16 September 2015 with a new season. Receiving a waning interest from the audience, the broadcasting run ended on 30 December 2015; the season finale earned the lowest share throughout the series (9.5%).
| Series | Episodes | | Originally aired | | | Viewers | Share (%) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired | Network || | |
| 1 | 16 | | 17 February 2014 (2014-02-17) | 11 June 2014 (2014-06-11) | Telecinco | 2,602,000 | 14.3 | |
| 2 | 13 | | 16 September 2015 (2015-09-16) | | 30 December 2015 (2015-12-30) | 1,999,000 | 12.4 | |
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 55th Monte-Carlo Television Festival | Best Comedy Actress | Belén Rueda | Won | |
## InfoBox
| *B&b, de boca en boca* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy drama |
| Created by | Daniel Écija |
| Starring | |
| Country of origin | Spain |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 29 |
| Production | |
| Production company | |
| Original release | |
| Network | Telecinco |
| Release | 17 February 2014 (2014-02-17) <br>30 December 2015 (2015-12-30) |
|
67,236,939
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1%C3%A7ay%C4%B1rl%C4%B1,_Olur
|
Aşağıçayırlı, Olur
|
Aşağıçayırlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Olur, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 166 (2022).
| 2023-09-01T13:07:18
|
# Aşağıçayırlı, Olur
**Aşağıçayırlı** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Olur, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 166 (2022).
## InfoBox
| Aşağıçayırlı | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| AşağıçayırlıLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°52′36″N 42°16′44″E / 40.87667°N 42.27889°E / 40.87667; 42.27889 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| District | Olur |
| Population (2022) | 166 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
|
18,765,840
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B6_(musician)
|
B6 (musician)
|
B6, was born and raised in Shanghai, China. He began creating electronic music in 1999 and is renowned as an electronic musician, composer, sound artist, and visual installation artist.
| 2024-07-04T21:52:14
|
# B6 (musician)
**B6** (formerly known as Lou Nanli), was born and raised in Shanghai, China. He began creating electronic music in 1999 and is renowned as an electronic musician, composer, sound artist, and visual installation artist.
## Biography
### 1999–2007: experimental music and label founding
In 1999, B6 founded the experimental music label "Isolation Music", which released avant-garde music in various genres, including experimental electronic, sound art, ambient, and industrial noise. B6 also designed album covers for independent music releases in China, created concert posters, and contributed to art installations and video art scores. His visual and installation art, created under the name Lou Nanli, has been exhibited in galleries and museums both in China and abroad.
From 2003 to 2006, B6 produced and released several IDM and ambient music works. In 2006, he compiled and released "B6 Box", a 6-CD box set containing previously published and unpublished works, which was distributed overseas by Rough Trade and sold out within a month. The same year, B6 formed the synth-pop duo IGO with singer J Jay and released the album "Synth Love" under Modern Sky Beijing and Universal Music Hong Kong.
### 2008–2012: minimal techno and pop music production
In 2008, B6 released the album "Post Haze" under Modern Sky, featuring a minimal techno style. The album was reissued by Swedish label Sub-Stream in 2009, along with a remix album titled "Post Haze Remixes", featuring collaborations with international producers and DJs.
In 2009, B6 gained recognition in the European electronic music scene through singles and remixes. He participated in artist residencies at institutions in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavian countries, dividing his time between Europe and China. During this period, B6 completed electronic music and multimedia art projects and performed at venues and festivals worldwide, including Tresor (Berlin), Total Confusion Party (Cologne), Distortion and Spot Festival (Denmark), Cité de la Musique (Paris), Volt Festival (Sweden), Vooruit (Belgium), Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Asia Force (Japan), Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay (Singapore), and the Shanghai World Expo.
Concurrently, B6 collaborated as a producer with Chinese musicians and singers, including Li Quan, Wang Xiaokun, and Tan Weiwei, resulting in chart-topping singles and awards. B6's early single "My Post-Rock Yard" was featured in the UN's official promotional video for China in 2012.
### 2012–2017: multimedia art and silent films
From 2012 to 2017, under his real name Lou Nanli, B6 worked on multimedia installations, video art, and conceptual art. His works often combined multi-screen imagery with surround sound and were exhibited in collaboration with art institutions and projects in China and abroad. Notable works include the video series "Sounds of the City", installations "Watching The Rain", "LUSID", "Spectrogram", and "Cube", and sound works "Shanghai Cussing" and "Unknown Pass".
In 2014, B6 composed music for the rediscovered silent film *The Cave of the Silken Web (1927 film)* and performed live at the Shanghai International Film Festival's closing ceremony. The film and live performances were subsequently staged in China and overseas. From 2016 to 2017, B6 collaborated with classical musicians to recompose and produce classical music pieces, combining them with the installation "Cube" for exhibitions and performances at various venues in Shanghai.
### 2018–2023: theatre, television and film scoring
In 2018, B6 composed music for the stage play "Blooms", based on the work of writer Jin Yucheng. The play premiered in Shanghai and Beijing and won the Annual Best Play Award at the 2019 Yixi Drama Awards. B6 also composed music for the second season of the TV documentary series "Life Matters", which won the Best Documentary Series Award at the Magnolia Awards.
In 2019, B6 composed the score for Diao Yinan's film *The Wild Goose Lake*, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival and grossed over $31 million worldwide. He also composed music for Tiffany & Co.'s exhibition "Vision & Virtuosity" and released a vinyl album of the same name under Modern Sky.
In 2021, B6 composed the music for the short fashion film "Salvatore Ferragamo - Campaign Spring Summer 2021" by Italian filmaker Luca Guadagnino.
From 2020 to 2023, B6 composed music for various projects, including the Wuhan epidemic documentary "Level-1", the animated film "To The Bright Side" (winner of the Best Feature Film Award at the 2022 New York International Children's Film Festival), Wang Mu's film "Awakening Spring" (winner of three major awards at the 2022 Pingyao International Film Festival), the TV drama "Infernal Affairs", Zhang Ji's film "Fire On The Plain", the second season of the stage play "Blooms", and the documentary series "Flowing China".
B6 also scored Liang Ming's film "Carefree Days" (nominated for the New Director Section at the San Sebastián International Film Festival and winner of top awards at international festivals) and Luo Dong's film "May" (winner of the Best Director Award in Asian New Talents Section at Shanghai International Film Festival and invited to World Focus Section at Tokyo International Film Festival in 2023).
In 2023, B6 released several music projects, including a 4-CD box set, vinyl releases of soundtracks, and a five-day film score exhibition in Shanghai.
In 2024, he began composing music for Li Shaohong's television drama "Hunting" and released a retrospective vinyl anthology under Shengun Records.
## Discography
### Music Score
* 2024 - "Blossoms - Season III", Theater play, Junfeng Ma (TBC)
* 2024 - "Hunting", TV Series, Shaohong Li
* 2023 - "Yi Lu Qian Xing", TV Documentary Series, Bo Qin
* 2023 - "Carefree Days", Feature Film, Ming Liang
* 2023 - "May", Feature Film, Dong Luo
* 2023 - "Infernal Affairs", TV Series, Dao Qi
* 2023 - "Lan Kao", Theater play, Junfeng Ma
* 2023 - "Awakening Spring", Feature Film, Mu Wang
* 2022 - "Dear Mother, I Meant To Write About Death", Documentary Film, Siyi Chen
* 2022 - "Second Life", TV Documentary Series, Bo Qin
* 2021 - "Blossoms - Season II", Theater play, Junfeng Ma
* 2021 - "Fire On The Plain", Feature Film, Ji Zhang
* 2021 - "The Storage", Documentary Film, Danyan Chen
* 2021 - "To The Bright Side", Animation Film, VA
* 2021 - "Having A Good Time", Short Film, Beier Zhong
* 2020 - "Brawl Stars", Short Film, Yinan Diao
* 2020 - "Salvatore Ferragamo - Campaign Spring Summer 2021", Short Film, Luca Guadagnino
* 2020 - "Flowing China", TV Documentary Series, Shiguang Fan
* 2020 - "Level One", TV Documentary Series, Shiguang Fan
* 2020 - "Life Matters - Special Anti-Epidemic Program", TV Documentary Series, Shiguang Fan
* 2019 - "Vision & Virtuosity", Exhibition, Tiffany & Co.
* 2019 - "Wild Goose Lake", Feature Film, Yinan Diao
* 2019 - "Life Matters - Season II", TV Documentary Series, Bo Qin & Shiguang Fan
* 2018 - "Blossoms - Season I", Theater play, Junfeng Ma
* 2018 - "Suspense", Silent Film, Lois Weber (1913), Tromsø International Film Festival
* 2014 - "The Cave of the Silken Web", Silent Film, Duyu Dan (1927), Shanghai International Film Festival
* 2012 - "2032: The Future We Want", Short Film, Jiayi Du
### Music Release
* 2024 - B6 - "The Mystic Blue" (TBC)
* 2024 - B6 - "Carefree Days OST" (TBC)
* 2024 - B6 - "The Wild Goose Lake OST" (TBC)
* 2024 - B6 - "Anthology 2001-2011" (2 Vinyl)
* 2023 - B6 - "Infernal Affairs" (Digital)
* 2023 - IGO - "Synth Love" (2023 Remastered) (2 Vinyl + Digital)
* 2023 - B6 - "Music For Television Documentary Series 2018-2022" (4CD Boxset + Digital)
* 2023 - B6 - "Awakening Spring OST" (CD + Digital)
* 2023 - B6 - "Blossoms Season I & II OST" (2 Vinyl + Digital)
* 2022 - B6 - "Life Matters OST" (Vinyl + Digital)
* 2022 - B6 - "To The Bright Side OST" (CD + Digital)
* 2019 - B6 - "Vision & Virtuosity" (Vinyl)
* 2012 - B6 - "Bomb In The Shelter" (CD)
* 2009 - B6 - "Post Haze" (EU Release) (Digital)
* 2008 - B6 - "PostHaze" (CD + Digital)
* 2007 - IGO - "Synth Love" (HK Release) (CD)
* 2007 - IGO - "Synth Love" (CD + Digital)
* 2005 - B6 - "B6Box" (6 Mini CD Boxset)
* 2005 - B6 - "My Post-Rock Yard EP" (Mini CD)
* 2004 - B6 - "Electronic For Trips EP" (Mini CD)
* 2004 - B6 - "Little 9 EP" (Mini CD)
* 2004 - Dust Box - "Tuesday" (CD)
### Art Work
* 2017 - "Spectrogram - 6 Elements", Digital Video
* 2016 - "Sound of the City #3", Video
* 2015 - "Le Petit Cube", Installation
* 2015 - "Cube - Gaze", Installation
* 2015 - "Cube 00/01/02/03", Installation
* 2014 - "The Interview", Video
## Associated Acts and Collaborations
* AITAR - Composed of B6 and Mhp (Ma Hai-Ping), AITAR is an industrial noise duo that released its self-titled album in 2001 and *AITAR II*, its second album, in 2004.
* Dust Box - Together with Cy, B6 released the album *Tuesday* in 2004 under the collaborative moniker Dust Box.
* Igo - In 2007, B6 and J Jay released the album *Synth Love* as Igo.
* ISMU - ISMU, or Intelligent Shanghai Mono University, is an electronic music collective featuring B6, Cy, Susuxx, and Zoojoo. The album *7.9* was released in 2003.
* Junkyard - B6 was also a former member of the group Junkyard.
## InfoBox
| B6 | |
| --- | --- |
| B6 in 2021 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Shanghai, China |
| Genres | Film score, Electronic music |
| Years active | 1999-present |
|
47,231,611
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.T._Puppy_Records
|
B.T. Puppy Records
|
B.T. Puppy Records was an American record label formed in New York City in 1963 by Bright Tunes Productions, a music publishing and production company established by vocal group The Tokens.
| 2023-02-17T14:57:33
|
# B.T. Puppy Records
**B.T. Puppy Records** was an American record label formed in New York City in 1963 by Bright Tunes Productions, a music publishing and production company established by vocal group The Tokens.
## Background
Initially set up to release the Tokens' own recordings, it had its greatest successes with another vocal group, The Happenings, whose hits included "See You in September" (1966) and "I Got Rhythm" (1967). Other musicians who recorded for the label included Beverly Warren, Lollipop Tree, and The Del-Satins. The label continued to release singles until 1970, and albums until 1972.
## History
In 1969, Canadian group The Scene had a top 20 hit on the Canadian charts with "Hands of the Clock".
|
5,103,028
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa-ku,_Yokohama
|
Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama
|
Kanagawa-ku (神奈川区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 230,401 and a density of 9,650 persons per km. The total area was 23.88 km.
| 2023-11-11T00:16:11
|
# Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama
**Kanagawa-ku** (神奈川区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 230,401 and a density of 9,650 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. The total area was 23.88 km<sup>2</sup>.
## Geography
Kanagawa is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and northeast of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama.
### Surrounding municipalities
## History
Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, the area that is now Kanagawa Ward became part of Tachibana District in Musashi Province. During the Edo period, the area was *tenryō* territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various *hatamoto*. The area prospered in the Edo period as Kanagawa-juku, a post station on the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto. During the Bakumatsu period, Kanagawa was the location of the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa, which ended Japan’s national isolation policy and led to the normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and Japan. The subsequent Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan) led to the establishment of a treaty port for foreign commerce and settlement, which was initially stipulated to be Kanagawa. However, for security reasons, the actual settlement was established at neighboring Yokohama (present day Naka Ward). The Namamugi Incident, which led to the 1863 Anglo-Satsuma War, occurred in Kanagawa.
After the Meiji Restoration, the area was transferred to the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1868. Kanagawa was connected to Yokohama and Tokyo by train in 1872, and was proclaimed a town on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1901, it was absorbed into neighboring Yokohama. Kanagawa suffered severe damage from the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. On October 1, 1927, it became Kanagawa Ward within the city of Yokohama. The area again destroyed during World War II, first being bombed during the Doolittle Raid of 1942, and finally being completely devastated during the massive Yokohama air raid of May 29, 1945. Kanagawa Ward soon rebuilt after the end of the war, although large portions of its territory remained under the control of the United States military until the 1970s.
## Economy
Kanagawa Ward is a regional commercial center and bedroom community for central Yokohama and Tokyo. The coastal area is part of the Keihin Industrial Zone, and is the most industrialized region within Yokohama. Major factories are operated by Nissan, JVC, Nippon Petroleum Refining Co., Ltd., Nippon Flour Mills, Showa Denko, Asahi Glass Co. Mazda has a research and development center in Kanagawa-ku.
## Transportation
### Railroads
### Highways
#### Prefecture roads
## Education
### Colleges and universities
### Primary and secondary schools
The Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education operates prefectural high schools. Public senior high schools:
The Yokohama Municipal Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools.
Public junior high schools:
Additionally, Karuisawa Junior High School (軽井沢中学校), outside of Kanagawa-ku, serves a part of Kanagawa-ku.
Public elementary schools:
Additionally the zones of Higashi Hongo Elementary School (東本郷小学校), Kamihoshikawa Elementary (上星川小学校), Kohoku Elementary (港北小学校), Miyagaya Elementary (宮谷小学校), Shirosato Elementary (城郷小学校), Terao Elementary (寺尾小学校), and Tokiwadai Elementary (常盤台小学校), all with campuses located outside of Kanagawa-ku, include portions of Kanagawa-ku.
Municipal special schools:
* Yokohama Municipal Special Needs School for the Blind (横浜市立盲特別支援学校)
Former municipal schools:
* Ikeue (池上) and Sugeta (菅田) Elementaries merged into Sugetanooka on April 1, 2021 (Reiwa 3).
International schools:
Private schools:
## Local attractions
## Noted people from Kanagawa Ward
* Kato, Yuzo. *Yokohama Past and Present*. Yokohama City University (1990).
## InfoBox
| Kanagawa 神奈川区 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| Kanagawa Ward | |
| | |
| | |
| Location of Kanagawa in Kanagawa | |
| Kanagawa | |
| Coordinates: 35°28′37″N 139°37′46″E / 35.47694°N 139.62944°E / 35.47694; 139.62944 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Kanagawa |
| City | Yokohama |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.88 km<sup>2</sup> (9.22 sq mi) |
| Population (February 2010) | |
| Total | 230,401 |
| Density | 9,650/km<sup>2</sup> (25,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| \- Tree | Magnolia kobus |
| \- Flower | Tulip |
| Address | 3-8 Hirodaiota-chō, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken<br>221-0824 |
| Website | Kanagawa Ward Office |
|
55,765,777
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Appalachian_State_Mountaineers_men%27s_basketball_team
|
2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team
|
The 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team represented Appalachian State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mountaineers, led by fourth-year head coach Jim Fox, played their home games at the George M. Holmes Convocation Center in Boone, North Carolina as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 15–18, 9–9 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three-way tie for fifth place. They defeated Little Rock in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Texas–Arlington.
| 2023-08-23T03:40:49
|
# 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team
2017–18 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball standings
| | Conf | | | | | | | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | | L | | PCT | | | W | | L | | PCT |
| Louisiana | 16 | | 2 | | .889 | | | 27 | | 7 | | .794 |
| Georgia State | 12 | | 6 | | .667 | | | 24 | | 11 | | .686 |
| Georgia Southern | 11 | | 7 | | .611 | | | 21 | | 12 | | .636 |
| Texas–Arlington | 10 | | 8 | | .556 | | | 21 | | 13 | | .618 |
| Louisiana–Monroe | 9 | | 9 | | .500 | | | 16 | | 16 | | .500 |
| Troy | 9 | | 9 | | .500 | | | 16 | | 17 | | .485 |
| Appalachian State | 9 | | 9 | | .500 | | | 15 | | 18 | | .455 |
| Coastal Carolina | 8 | | 10 | | .444 | | | 14 | | 18 | | .438 |
| South Alabama | 7 | | 11 | | .389 | | | 14 | | 18 | | .438 |
| Texas State | 7 | | 11 | | .389 | | | 15 | | 18 | | .455 |
| Arkansas State | 6 | | 12 | | .333 | | | 11 | | 21 | | .344 |
| Little Rock | 4 | | 14 | | .222 | | | 7 | | 25 | | .219 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2018 Sun Belt Conference tournament winner<br> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The **2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team** represented Appalachian State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mountaineers, led by fourth-year head coach Jim Fox, played their home games at the George M. Holmes Convocation Center in Boone, North Carolina as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 15–18, 9–9 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three-way tie for fifth place. They defeated Little Rock in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Texas–Arlington.
## Previous season
The Mountaineers finished the 2016–17 season 9–21, 4–14 in Sun Belt play to finish in 11th place. They lost in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament to Troy.
## Roster
| 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown 0 Isaac Johnson 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 212 lb (96 kg) So Charlotte, North Carolina 1 Justin Forrest 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 195 lb (88 kg) Fr Decatur, Georgia 2 Ronshad Shabazz 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 217 lb (98 kg) Jr Raleigh, North Carolina 3 Nick Hough 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 205 lb (93 kg) RS Jr Harrisburg, North Carolina 4 O'Showen Williams 5 ft 11 in (1.8 m) 190 lb (86 kg) RS So Macon, Georgia 5 Griffin Kinney 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 240 lb (109 kg) Sr Delaware, Ohio 10 Michael Bibby 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 175 lb (79 kg) So Phoenix, Arizona 11 Joseph Battle 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 181 lb (82 kg) So Abbeville, South Carolina 13 Kevin Kerley 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 178 lb (81 kg) Jr Loveland, Ohio 14 Bennett Holley 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 238 lb (108 kg) Jr Roanoke, Virginia 15 Jake Wilson 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) 240 lb (109 kg) RS Jr Raleigh, North Carolina 23 Trey Ford 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 180 lb (82 kg) Jr Mooresville, North Carolina 24 Craig Hinton 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 203 lb (92 kg) RS Sr Winston-Salem, North Carolina 32 Tyrell Johnson 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 205 lb (93 kg) Jr Atlanta, Georgia 34 Zach Cottrell 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 205 lb (93 kg) So Hayesville, North Carolina 50 Hunter Seacaat 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 235 lb (107 kg) RS So Mooresville, North Carolina | Head coach Assistant coach(es) --- Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on --- Roster <br>Last update: November 10, 2017 |
## Schedule and results
| Date<br>time, TV | Rank<sup>#</sup> | Opponent<sup>#</sup> | Result | Record | Site (attendance) <br>city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 7, 2017*<br>7:00 pm | | Warren Wilson | **W** 126–71 | <br> | Holmes Center (815)<br>Boone, NC |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 11, 2017*<br>3:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Toccoa Falls | **W** 135–34 | 1–0<br> | Holmes Center (872)<br>Boone, NC |
| Nov 12, 2017*<br>3:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Bridgewater <br>*Puerto Rico Tip-Off* | **W** 95–57 | 2–0<br> | Holmes Center (550)<br>Boone, NC |
| Nov 16, 2017*<br>5:30 pm, ESPNU | | vs. Iowa State <br>*Puerto Rico Tip-Off quarterfinals* | **L** 98–104 | 2–1<br> | HTC Center (703)<br>Conway, SC |
| Nov 17, 2017*<br>5:00 pm, ESPNU | | vs. Western Michigan <br>*Puerto Rico Tip-Off* | **L** 67–86 | 2–2<br> | HTC Center (1,827)<br>Conway, SC |
| Nov 19, 2017*<br>11:30 am, ESPN3 | | vs. UTEP <br>*Puerto Rico Tip-Off* | **W** 76–72 | 3–2<br> | HTC Center (1,774)<br>Conway, SC |
| Nov 22, 2017*<br>4:00 pm | | at James Madison | **L** 99–105 <sup>2OT</sup> | 3–3<br> | JMU Convocation Center (2,062)<br>Harrisonburg, VA |
| Nov 25, 2017*<br>7:00 pm | | Davidson | **W** 78–62 | 4–3<br> | Holmes Center (1,216)<br>Boone, NC |
| Nov 28, 2017*<br>7:00 pm, MASN | | at VCU | **L** 72–85 | 4–4<br> | Siegel Center (7,637)<br>Richmond, VA |
| Dec 2, 2017*<br>7:00 pm | | South Florida | **W** 84–61 | 5–4<br> | Holmes Center (1,506)<br>Boone, NC |
| Dec 4, 2017*<br>7:00 pm, ESPN3 | | at Western Carolina | **L** 71–72 | 5–5<br> | Ramsey Center (3,303)<br>Cullowhee, NC |
| Dec 9, 2017*<br>2:00 pm, ESPN3 | | at Akron | **L** 89–94 | 5–6<br> | James A. Rhodes Arena (2,219)<br>Akron, OH |
| Dec 16, 2017*<br>6:00 pm, BTN | | at Ohio State | **L** 67–80 | 5–7<br> | Value City Arena (12,616)<br>Columbus, OH |
| Dec 20, 2017*<br>7:00 pm | | at Hampton | **L** 53–86 | 5–8<br> | Hampton Convocation Center (2,145)<br>Hampton, VA |
| Sun Belt Conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Dec 29, 2017<br>7:30 pm | | Texas State | **W** 66–62 | 6–8<br>(1–0) | Holmes Center (1,058)<br>Boone, NC |
| Dec 31, 2017<br>2:30 pm | | Texas–Arlington | **W** 80–76 | 7–8<br>(2–0) | Holmes Center (891)<br>Boone, NC |
| Jan 4, 2018<br>8:15 pm | | at Louisiana | **L** 45–78 | 7–9<br>(2–1) | Cajundome (4,329)<br>Lafayette, LA |
| Jan 6, 2018<br>3:00 pm | | at Louisiana–Monroe | **W** 79–73 | 8–9<br>(3–1) | Fant–Ewing Coliseum (1,423)<br>Monroe, LA |
| Jan 11, 2018<br>7:30 pm | | Georgia State | **L** 58–71 | 8–10<br>(3–2) | Holmes Center (701)<br>Boone, NC |
| Jan 13, 2018<br>3:30 pm | | Georgia Southern | **L** 59–60 | 8–11<br>(3–3) | Holmes Center (1,669)<br>Boone, NC |
| Jan 20, 2018<br>4:00 pm | | at South Alabama | **L** 77–83 | 8–12<br>(3–4) | Mitchell Center (3,877)<br>Mobile, AL |
| Jan 22, 2018<br>8:15 pm, ESPN3 | | at Troy | **L** 79–81 | 8–13<br>(3–5) | Trojan Arena (79–81)<br>Troy, AL |
| Jan 25, 2018<br>7:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Little Rock | **W** 72–67 <sup>OT</sup> | 9–13<br>(4–5) | Holmes Center (1,053)<br>Boone, NC |
| Jan 27, 2018<br>3:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Arkansas State | **L** 88–93 | 9–14<br>(4–6) | Holmes Center (1,805)<br>Boone, NC |
| Feb 1, 2018<br>8:15 pm, ESPN3 | | at Texas–Arlington | **L** 77–89 | 9–15<br>(4–7) | College Park Center (2,330)<br>Arlington, TX |
| Feb 3, 2018<br>5:30 pm | | at Texas State | **W** 59–56 | 10–15<br>(5–7) | Strahan Coliseum (1,744)<br>San Marcos, TX |
| Feb 10, 2018<br>3:30 pm | | at Coastal Carolina | **W** 81–66 | 11–15<br>(6–7) | HTC Center (2,100)<br>Conway, SC |
| Feb 15, 2018<br>7:30 pm, ESPN3 | | South Alabama | **L** 66–77 | 11–16<br>(6–8) | Holmes Center (2,100)<br>Boone, NC |
| Feb 17, 2018<br>3:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Troy | **W** 65–54 | 12–16<br>(7–8) | Holmes Center (2,407)<br>Boone, NC |
| Feb 22, 2018<br>8:30 pm, ESPN3 | | at Arkansas State | **L** 79–82 <sup>OT</sup> | 12–17<br>(7–9) | First National Bank Arena (2,671)<br>Jonesboro, AR |
| Feb 24, 2018<br>3:30 pm | | at Little Rock | **W** 69–67 | 13–17<br>(8–9) | Jack Stephens Center (2,472)<br>Little Rock, AR |
| Mar 3, 2018<br>3:30 pm, ESPN3 | | Coastal Carolina | **W** 76–67 | 14–17<br>(9–9) | Holmes Center (1,437)<br>Boone, NC |
| Sun Belt tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 7, 2018<br>3:00 pm, ESPN3 | (5) | vs. (12) Little Rock <br>*First round* | **W** 93–64 | 15–17<br> | Lakefront Arena <br>New Orleans, LA |
| Mar 9, 2018<br>3:00 pm, ESPN3 | (5) | vs. (4) Texas–Arlington <br>*Quarterfinals* | **L** 63–84 | 15–18<br> | Lakefront Arena <br>New Orleans, LA |
| *Non-conference game. <sup>#</sup>Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. <br>All times are in Eastern Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |
Source
## InfoBox
| 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Conference | Sun Belt Conference |
| Record | 15–18 (9–9 Sun Belt) |
| Head coach | |
| Assistant coaches | * Jason Allison * Bryan Lentz * Mantoris Robinson |
| Home arena | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
|
|
13,229,506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_Bessa
|
35 mm Bessa
|
The Bessa family of cameras was manufactured in Japan by Cosina as a revival of the Voigtländer brand name between 1999 and 2015.
| 2024-09-28T11:58:43
|
# 35 mm Bessa
The **Bessa** family of cameras was manufactured in Japan by Cosina as a revival of the Voigtländer brand name between 1999 and 2015.
## Models
Every Cosina Voigtländer Bessa camera has a double focal-plane shutter with two sets of curtains to prevent damage by the sun. Shutter speeds range from 1 to 12000 s and bulb (B), with flash sync at 1125 s on hot-shoe or PC terminal. They all have TTL exposure metering, and manual exposure controls; models with an "A" suffix (e.g., R2A, R3A, R4A) also have an aperture priority automatic mode.
Cosina Voigtländer Bessa cameras
| FeaturesModel | Image | Mount | RF | VF | Intro. | Disc. | Notes / Refs. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bessa-L | | M39 | No | No | Feb 1999 | May 2003 | |
| Bessa-R | | | Yes | Yes 0.7× (35, 50, 75, 90) | Mar 2000 | Jul 2004 | |
| Bessa-T | | | | No | Apr 2001 | Dec 2005 | |
| Bessa-R2 | | | Yes 0.7× (35, 50, 75, 90) | Apr 2002 | Oct 2004 | |
| Bessa-R2S/R2C | | | / | Yes 0.7× (35, 50, 85) | Nov 2002 | Apr 2005 | |
| Bessa-R2A | | | | Yes 0.7× (35, 50, 75, 90) | Oct 2004 | Jul 2007 | Gray variant introduced July 2005, discontinued July 2007. |
| Bessa-R3A | | | Yes 1.0× (40, 50, 75, 90) | Oct 2004 | Jun 2006 | Gray variant introduced July 2005, discontinued July 2007. |
| Bessa-R2A (revised) | | | Yes 0.7× (35, 50, 75, 90) | Jan 2007 | Jun 2013 | Minor cosmetic differences for folding rewind lever. |
| Bessa-R2M | | | Feb 2007 | Sep 2015 | |
| Bessa-R3A (revised) | | | Yes 1.0× (40, 50, 75, 90) | Jan 2007 | Jun 2013 | Minor cosmetic differences for folding rewind lever. |
| Bessa-R3M | | | Feb 2007 | Sep 2015 | |
| Bessa-R4A | | | Yes 0.52× (21, 25, 28, 35, 50) | Mar 2007 | Jun 2013 | |
| Bessa-R4M | | | Mar 2007 | Sep 2015 | |
### Bessa-L and Bessa-T (finderless)
The first model was the **Bessa-L**, introduced in 1999. This was a finderless body with a Leica screw mount, and operation and specifications similar to SLRs built by Cosina for other brands, such as the Nikon FM10, Olympus OM-2000, and Ricoh KR-5. It was introduced with a range of Voigtländer 39 mm screw lenses that were quite inexpensive and said to be of excellent quality. It could of course mount all the wide variety of 39 mm screw lenses by manufacturers as diverse as Leica, Canon, Nikon and even cheaper but often excellent Soviet lenses.
The *Bessa-L* was mostly intended to be used with ultra wide angle lenses, with which the absence of a focusing device is not a problem. Most notably Voigtländer introduced a 15 mm and a 12 mm lens, the latter being the widest rectilinear full-frame lens ever marketed up to then.
The *Bessa-L* has TTL metering with LED readout on the back edge of the top plate with an ASA range of 25–1600 and an EV range 1 to 19 at ASA 100. The readout consists of two red arrows pointing to a green light in between to indicate over, under, or correct exposure.
For some markets, the Voigtländer *Bessa-L* was sold as the **Cosina 107-SW**.
The *Bessa-L* was supplemented in 2001 by the **Bessa-T**, which used the Leica M-mount, could receive a trigger advance design, and had an integrated rangefinder with high magnification, but no viewfinder. It was sold in silver or black; from 2002, also in gray or olive (at a higher price and perhaps only in Japan). It is now discontinued.
In 2001, the *Bessa-T* was sold in a special kit, called **Heliar 101st Anniversary** (in short "T101"), with a 50 mm f:3.5 collapsible Heliar lens, for the anniversary of the Voigtländer Heliar lens design. It existed in black, grey, olive and blue: five hundred numbered examples were produced for each color.
### Bessa-R and Bessa R2 (manual rangefinder)
The **Bessa-R**, introduced in 2000, was a rangefinder camera with a projected frame finder and a Leica screw mount. Although considerably cheaper than a Leica M camera, its viewfinder was comparable in function and feeling. It featured manually selectable frames for 35 mm/90 mm, 50 mm, and 75 mm lenses. The body, made of polycarbonate plastics, was not comparable to that of a Leica but was solid enough. All in all it was an inexpensive, all-manual rangefinder with TTL metering at a significantly lower price than a comparably equipped Leica M camera. It was available in black or silver; from 2002, also in navy blue or olive (at a higher price and perhaps only in Japan).
The **Bessa R2** replaced the *Bessa-R* in 2002. It was an updated version, with a Leica M-mount replacing the Leica screw mount, and the ability to take the same trigger advance accessory as the *Bessa-T*. Its quality of fabrication and overall finish was much better than the R, with magnesium alloy replacing the former model's plastic plates and a more substantial cast (as opposed to pressed) metal film rewind lever. The changes resulted in a more solid and marginally larger camera, available in either olive (with chrome detailing) or splatter-textured black paint finishes. The Bessa-R's self-timer was deleted from the R2, possibly due to the packaging constraints imposed on the design by the adoption of thicker metal panels.
#### Rollei 35 RF
The names Cosina, Voigtländer and Bessa appear nowhere on the *Rollei 35 RF* (2002), marketed not by Cosina but instead by Rollei Fototechnic. However, the camera is very obviously based on the *Bessa R2*. The most obvious differences are the price (much higher) and somewhat gaudy appearance; more importantly the framelines are for 40, 50, and 80 mm. Arguably it remains the best Bessa camera for people who wear glasses and primarily use a 40 mm lens.
#### Bessa-R2S and Bessa-R2C (Nikon and Contax mount)
The **Bessa-R2S** and **Bessa-R2C** are special versions of the *Bessa R2*, introduced in 2002, the *Bessa-R2S* having a Nikon rangefinder mount and the *Bessa-R2C* a Contax rangefinder mount.
In 2005, shortly before discontinuation of these two models was announced, the *Bessa-R2S* was also available in a "Nikon Historical Society" (NHS) version with special paintwork and a rigid version of the *Heliar* f/3.5 50 mm lens sold earlier with the *Bessa-T*. The set was available to the general public through regular retail channels in the US: Society membership was not required.
### Bessa R2A and R3A (auto-exposure rangefinder)
The **Bessa R2A** and **Bessa R3A** were introduced in 2004 and discontinued in 2013. They were updated versions of the *Bessa R2*, with the Leica M-mount and an aperture-priority automatic exposure, switchable to manual. The *R2A* has a finder with a 0.7x magnification, and 35/50/75/90 frame lines. The *R3A* has a finder with a 1x magnification, and 40/50/75/90 frame lines. Both can take the trigger advance accessory.
They were sold in textured black or flat grey paint finishes.
These cameras feature an electronic shutter, making the camera inoperable without batteries.
#### Epson R-D1
The Epson R-D1 was first shown in March 2004 as a prototype interchangeable-lens rangefinder digital camera developed in partnership between Epson and Cosina. It uses an APS-C sensor with 6 megapixel (3008×2000) resolution. Although the appearance is similar to the earlier *Bessa-R*/*R2*, internal features are closer to the *Bessa-R2A*, including an aperture-priority autoexposure mode.
#### Zeiss Ikon
The Zeiss Ikon ZM (2004) and SW (2006) were introduced under the Zeiss Ikon branding, with features similar to the Bessa-R3A, including an autoexposure mode and Leica M mount compatibility, and a longer rangefinder base length. The ZM finder has 0.74× magnification and frame lines for 28, 35, 50, and 85 mm lenses. The SW omits the rangefinder and viewfinder assembly altogether and is intended for use with ultra wide angle lenses, which take advantage of extended depth of field to enable scale focusing at a hyperfocal setting. Both cameras were discontinued after December 2012.
#### Bessa R2M and R3M (manual rangefinder)
The **Bessa R2M** and **Bessa R3M**, both announced in Germany around March 2006 and in May elsewhere, are the updated manual-exposure, mechanical-shutter equivalents of the *R2A* and *R3A*.
A special 250th Anniversary Set, sold with a 50 mm f/2 M-mount collapsible Heliar lens, was also announced. They were sold in black (1000 examples of the *R3M*, 500 of the *R2M*) or silver (700 of the *R3M*, 300 of the *R2M*).
The Bessa R3m has a 1x viewfinder and 40/50/75/90 framelines. The internal meter requires batteries to operate but since the camera is mechanical it can still take pictures with no batteries.
#### Bessa R4M and R4A (wide-angle rangefinder)
Announced in October, 2006 at photokina, the **Bessa R4M** and **Bessa R4A** were the first Leica M-mount cameras to include framelines wider than 28 mm. The *R4*-series keeps the same features as the *R3*-series, but utilizes a wide-angle-specific viewfinder with .52x magnification and framelines for 21, 25, 28, 35, and 50 mm lenses. Like the previous limited edition *R*-series cameras, the *R4A* features aperture-priority autoexposure, while the *R4M* features full manual operation, including a mechanical shutter that will continue to work even if the battery (which powers the meter) is dead.
The *R4M* is available in the classic black of the *R2* and *R3*-series, while the R4A is available in matte black.
* "*Bessa-R2S* 'NHS' kinen moderu ga Amerika de hatsubai". (ベッサR2S「NHS」記念モデルがアメリカで発売, Bessa-R2S "NHS" commemorative model for sale in America). KKS076 P. 96.
*This article was originally based on "Bessa (35mm)" in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License.*
|
11,888,106
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congaree_people
|
Congaree people
|
The Congaree were a historic Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who once lived within what is now central South Carolina, along the Congaree River. The Congaree joined the Catawba people in company of the Wateree several years after temporarily migrating to the Waccamaw River in 1732. They spoke a language distinct from and unintelligible to local Siouan languages. The language today is unclassified, though, some linguists believe that the language was related to Catawba.
| 2024-04-23T01:38:24
|
# Congaree people
The **Congaree** were a historic Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who once lived within what is now central South Carolina, along the Congaree River.
The Congaree joined the Catawba people in company of the Wateree several years after temporarily migrating to the Waccamaw River in 1732.
They spoke a language distinct from and unintelligible to local Siouan languages. The language today is unclassified, though, some linguists believe that the language was related to Catawba.
## Territory
The Congaree lived along the Santee and Congaree rivers, above and below the confluence of the Wateree River, in central South Carolina. According to James Mooney's 1894 history of the Siouan tribes, the Congaree occupied territory between the Santee tribe downriver of them and the Wateree tribe above.
## Language
| Congaree | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | South Carolina |
| Extinct | 18th century |
| Language family | unclassified |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | *None* (`mis`) |
| Linguist List | `071` |
| *Glottolog* | *None* |
English explorer John Lawson noted in 1709 that members of the Congaree tribe were distinguishable from other nearby tribes by their appearance, customs, and language. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, American scholars thought the Congaree were likely part of the Siouan language family, given their geographic location and characteristics of neighboring tribes like the Catawba.
During the middle of the 18th century, Congaree was considered one of the languages spoken by Catawba people.
Since the late 20th century, scholars have suggested that the Congaree people did not speak a Siouan language due to their language not being intelligible to their immediate Siouan-speaking neighbors, the Wateree. Linguist Blair A. Rudes suggested that the name "Congaree" is possibly a rendering of *kųkari•* Catawban for 'over there, out of sight'. He noted that if this is the case, the name is an exonym and not the name members of the tribe would have called themselves.
## History
### 17th century
In Native American practice, people taken as captives in warfare, particularly women and children, were often enslaved. European colonists encouraged the tribes to take and sell Indian captives into their domestic slave trade. By 1693, the Congaree, Esaw, and Savannah slave-catchers had pursued the Cherokee as "objects of the slave trade to the extent that a tribal delegation was sent" to Governor Thomas Smith. They sought protection, claiming that Cherokee had been sold in the Charles Town slave market.
In 1698, the Congaree lost "most tribe members to smallpox." The Native Americans suffered high mortality from new infectious diseases that had become endemic for centuries among Europeans, leading to some acquired immunity for the latter.
### 18th century
The English explorer John Lawson encountered the survivors in 1701, apparently on the northeastern bank of the Santee River below the junction of the Wateree. Lawson described their village as consisting of about a dozen houses, located on a small creek flowing into the Santee River. He described them as a small tribe that lost population due to tribal feuds and raids, but especially by smallpox which had depopulated whole villages. A 1715 map shows their village as located on the southern bank of the Congaree and considerably above the previous area, perhaps near Big Beaver Creek, or about opposite the future site of Columbia, on the eastern boundary of Lexington County. They may have been moving upriver to get further from English colonists.
At that time, Keyauwee Jack, a Congaree by birth, had become chief of the Keyauwee by marriage.
During the Tuscarora War of 1711, the Congaree fought on the side of English colonist John Barnwell, who raised a militia. In early 1715, John Barnwell took a census that identified the Congaree as living in one village, with a total population of 22 men and 70 women and children.
During the Yamasee War of 1715–17, the Congaree joined with other tribes in the fight against the colony of South Carolina. Over half were either killed or enslaved by the colonists and Cherokee; some were sent into slavery in the West Indies. Following that, surviving Congaree moved upriver and joined the Catawba, with whom they were still living in 1743.
In 1718, Fort Congaree was established near the Congaree village, near today's Columbia. It became an important trading station and a European-American settlement formed around it.
In the subsequent decades, Congaree survivors merged with the larger Catawba people. Different tribes lived in their own villages within the loose Catawba federation of peoples. The Congaree maintained their distinction until the late 18th century, as they had a language different from the Siouan Catawba, but they became extinct as a tribe. Their descendants intermarried with the Catawba and other peoples of the confederation.
Based on colonial accounts, American anthropologist James Mooney (1928) described the historic Congaree as: "A friendly people, handsome and well built, the women being especially beautiful compared with those of other tribes."
## Legacy
Some members of the present-day Catawba and other tribes of the Carolinas are likely genetic descendants of the Congaree, among others.
Namesakes of the tribe include:
## InfoBox
Congaree
| Total population | |
| --- | --- |
| Extinct <br>40 (1715) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| On Congaree River near present-day Columbia, South Carolina. Later on Waccamaw River in Horry County, South Carolina | |
| Languages | |
| Unclassified<br>Possibly Siouan | |
| Religion | |
| Native American religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Catawba, Keyauwee, Santee,Wateree | |
|
76,568,980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucochrysum_alpinum
|
Leucochrysum alpinum
|
Leucochrysum alpinum, commonly known as alpine sunray, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small, clumping perennial with grey leaves, white flower-heads and is endemic to Australia.
| 2024-04-18T06:28:26
|
# Leucochrysum alpinum
***Leucochrysum alpinum***, commonly known as **alpine sunray**, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small, clumping perennial with grey leaves, white flower-heads and is endemic to Australia.
## Description
*Leucochrysum alpinum* is a perennial herb to about 50 cm (20 in) high and leaves that are woolly and whitish. The white flower heads are 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) in diameter, outer involucral bracts oblong or oval-shaped, mostly purplish or brownish, sessile and florets yellow. Flowering occurs from December to February and the fruit is an egg-shaped achene 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, smooth to almost warty, bristly and brown.
## Taxonomy
*Leucochrysum alpinum* was first described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name *Helipterum incanum* var. *alpinum*. In 2010 R.J.Dennis & Neville Grant Walsh changed the name to *Leucochrysum alpinum* and the description was published in *Muelleria*.
## Distribution and habitat
Alpine sunray grows at higher altitudes and in subalpine heath and grasslands mostly on shallow soils in New South Wales and Victoria.
## InfoBox
| Alpine sunray | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Leucochrysum* |
| Species: | ***L. alpinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leucochrysum alpinum***<br>(F.Muell.) R.J.Dennis & N.G.Walsh | |
|
|
72,346,367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraxinus_platypoda
|
Fraxinus platypoda
|
Fraxinus platypoda, the Chinese red ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to central China, and Japan. In the latter stages of succession it often dominates the mountain riparian forest habitat in which it is found. It has high resistance to the emerald ash borer. A slow-growing deciduous tree, it is used as a street tree in Aarhus, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden.
| 2024-06-22T12:53:54
|
# Fraxinus platypoda
***Fraxinus platypoda***, the **Chinese red ash**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to central China, and Japan. In the latter stages of succession it often dominates the mountain riparian forest habitat in which it is found.
It has high resistance to the emerald ash borer. A slow-growing deciduous tree, it is used as a street tree in Aarhus, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden.
## InfoBox
| *Fraxinus platypoda* | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Leaves | |
| | |
| Habit | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Genus: | *Fraxinus* |
| Species: | ***F. platypoda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fraxinus platypoda***<br>Oliv. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Fraxinus commemoralis* Koidz. + *Fraxinus inopinata* Lingelsh. + *Fraxinus longicuspis* f. *hortensis* Lingelsh. + *Fraxinus longicuspis* var. *sambucina* (Blume) Lingelsh. + *Fraxinus mandshurica* var. *shiojii* Kudô + *Fraxinus nipponica* Koidz. + *Fraxinus platypoda* f. *nipponica* (Koidz.) Yonek. + *Fraxinus sambucina* (Blume) Koidz. + *Fraxinus shikokiana* Sugim. + *Fraxinus sieboldiana* var. *sambucina* Blume + *Fraxinus spaethiana* Lingelsh. + *Fraxinus spaethiana* f. *nipponica* (Koidz.) Kurata + *Fraxinus spaethiana* var. *nipponica* (Koidz.) H.Hara + *Fraxinus verecunda* Koidz. | |
|
36,288,470
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%26SWR_45_Class_2-2-2
|
G&SWR 45 Class 2-2-2
|
The Glasgow and South Western Railway (GSWR) 45 class was a class of eleven 2-2-2 steam locomotives designed in 1865, an enlarged version of his 40 class intended for express passenger duties.
| 2024-03-10T11:26:16
|
# G&SWR 45 Class 2-2-2
The Glasgow and South Western Railway (GSWR) **45 class** was a class of eleven 2-2-2 steam locomotives designed in 1865, an enlarged version of his 40 class intended for express passenger duties.
## Development
Eleven examples of this final express passenger class designed by Patrick Stirling for the FSWR were built at Kilmarnock Locomotive Works at regular intervals between March 1865 and July 1868 (Works Nos. 32, 39-40, 43-4, 47-8, 50-53). They were numbered 45, 151-6, 84, 61, 16 & 79. The members of the class were fitted with domeless boilers and safety valves over the firebox. The safety valves were later replaced by those of Ramsbottom design over the centre of the boiler following a boiler explosion at Springhill in 1876. They were fitted with Stirling’s own design of cab and open fan-like splashers.
## Withdrawal
The class were withdrawn Hugh Smellie between 1884 and 1887.
* Baxter, Bertram (1984). Baxter, David (ed.). *British locomotive catalogue 1825-1923, volume 4: Scottish and remaining English Companies in the LMS Group*. Buxton: Moorland Publishing. ISBN 0-903485-53-2. OCLC 59913101. OL 25432141M.
## InfoBox
| G&SWR 45 Class | |
| --- | --- |
| Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Patrick Stirling Builder Kilmarnock Locomotive Works Build date 1865-1868 Total produced 11 | |
| Specifications Configuration:<br> Whyte 2-2-2 Gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) Leading dia. 3 ft 7 in (1.09 m) Driver dia. 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) Trailing dia. 3 ft 7 in (1.09 m) Loco weight 28 LT 9.75 cwt (63,812 lb; 28.945 t) Fuel type Coal Boiler pressure 125 psi (860 kPa) Cylinders two, outside Cylinder size 16 in × 24 in (410 mm × 610 mm) | |
| Career Withdrawn 1884-1887 Disposition All scrapped | |
|
14,517,481
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR142
|
GPR142
|
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 142 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR142 gene. GPR142 is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs).[supplied by OMIM]
| 2023-11-08T14:16:40
|
# GPR142
**Probable G-protein coupled receptor 142** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *GPR142* gene.
GPR142 is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) (Fredriksson et al., 2003).\[supplied by OMIM\]
## Further reading
## InfoBox
| GPR142 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | GPR142, PGR2, G protein-coupled receptor 142, GPRg1b | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609046; MGI: 2668437; HomoloGene: 18770; GeneCards: GPR142; OMA:GPR142 - orthologs | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Orthologs Species **Human** **Mouse** Entrez Ensembl UniProt RefSeq (mRNA) NM\_181790<br>NM\_001331076<br>NM\_001331077 NM\_181749<br>NM\_001346772<br>NM\_001379097 RefSeq (protein) NP\_001318005<br>NP\_001318006<br>NP\_861455 NP\_001333701<br>NP\_861414<br>NP\_001366026 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 74.37 – 74.37 Mb Chr 11: 114.69 – 114.7 Mb PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |
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8,989,744
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Sherwood
|
Alf Sherwood
|
Alfred Thomas Sherwood was a Welsh international footballer. Between 1947 and 1957, he gained a total of 41 caps, the first on his 23rd birthday, against England in 1946. Known as the King of the sliding tacklers, Sherwood was an ex-miner who threw his all into the game especially when facing the England forward, Stanley Matthews, who described him as "the most difficult opponent he ever played against". His qualities were pace, sureness of tackle and a great positional sense. Sherwood also captained Wales to a famous win over England in 1955.
| 2023-07-09T03:47:18
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# Alf Sherwood
**Alfred Thomas Sherwood** (13 November 1923 – 12 March 1990) was a Welsh international footballer. Between 1947 and 1957, he gained a total of 41 caps, the first on his 23rd birthday, against England in 1946.
Known as the King of the sliding tacklers, Sherwood was an ex-miner who threw his all into the game especially when facing the England forward, Stanley Matthews, who described him as *"the most difficult opponent he ever played against"*. His qualities were pace, sureness of tackle and a great positional sense. Sherwood also captained Wales to a famous win over England in 1955.
## Early life
Sherwood was born in North View Terrace, a short distance away from the ground of his hometown club Aberaman Athletic. As a youngster, Sherwood was a youth international for Wales at both football and cricket, playing alongside Trevor Ford and Gilbert Parkhouse, before becoming one of the Bevin Boys, a scheme created by former Minister of Labour and National Service Ernest Bevin, in which young men aged between 18 and 25 were drafted to work as miners during World War II.
## Career
Sherwood joined Cardiff City in 1942, from Aberaman Athletic after impressing then manager Cyril Spiers in a wartime friendly. He originally played as a wing half but during a match against Lovells Athletic the club was short of defenders so Sherwood was moved to full-back where he was so impressive that he played the position for the rest of his career. In total he played in 140 wartime fixtures for the club. The Football League returned for the 1946–47 season and Sherwood missed just one match as the club finished top of the third division south. Following the departure of Fred Stansfield, he formed a full back partnership with another Cardiff City great, Ron Stitfall, and in the 1951–52 season Sherwood was appointed captain of the club, leading them back to the first division that year.
Sherwood was also the stand in goalkeeper for both club and country, due to substitutes having not yet been introduced. His greatest goalkeeping moment came on 17 April 1954 in a match against Liverpool. Goalkeeper Ron Howells fractured his thumb while making a save during the match and Sherwood took over in his place, facing a penalty from Scottish international Billy Liddell from which he performed a double save to all but assure Liverpool of relegation. Sherwood went on to become one of the all-time appearance leaders for the club in all competitions before he was allowed to leave the club by manager Trevor Morris, to join Newport County, in 1956 at the age of 33. He went on to confound critics by playing in over 200 matches for Newport as well as adding his last two Wales caps at the club. He was selected to play in the Third Division South representative team in 1957. After leaving Newport in 1961 he had a short-lived spell as player-manager of Barry Town.
In 2006, he was inducted into the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame.
## After football
After retiring from football and working for the National Coal Board as a security officer. He died of a heart attack at Llantrisant & Pontyclun golf club on 10 March 1990.
## Honours
Cardiff City 1946–47 1951–52
## InfoBox
Alf Sherwood
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Alfred Thomas Sherwood | | |
| Date of birth | (1923-11-13)13 November 1923 | | |
| Place of birth | Aberaman, Wales | | |
| Date of death | 12 March 1990(1990-03-12) (aged 66) | | |
| Place of death | Cowbridge, Wales | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1940–1942 | Aberaman Athletic | | |
| 1942–1956 | Cardiff City | 354 | (14) |
| 1956–1961 | Newport County | 205 | (21) |
| 1961–1963 | Barry Town | | |
| International career | | | |
| 1946–1956 | Wales | 41 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1961–1963 | Barry Town (player-manager) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |
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9,216,000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBCH-scale_(bulb_vegetable)
|
BBCH-scale (bulb vegetable)
|
In biology, the BBCH-scale for bulb vegetables describes the phenological development of bulb vegetable plants, such as onion, leek, garlic and shallot, using the BBCH-scale. The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of bulb vegetables are: 1 Seed sown
2 Onion sets, shallot and garlic
3 For onions, garlic
4 For leek
| 2020-10-17T06:29:43
|
# BBCH-scale (bulb vegetable)
In biology, the **BBCH-scale for bulb vegetables** describes the phenological development of bulb vegetable plants, such as onion, leek, garlic and shallot, using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of bulb vegetables are:
| Growth stage | Code (2-digit) | Code (3-digit) | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0: Germination | 00 | 000 | Dry seed,<sup>1</sup> dormant bulb<sup>2</sup> |
| | 01 | 000 | Beginning of seed imbibition<sup>1</sup> |
| | 03 | 003 | Seed imbibition complete<sup>1</sup> |
| | 05 | 005 | Radicle emerged from seed.<sup>1</sup><br>Roots appearing<sup>2</sup> |
| | 07 | 007 | Cotyledon breaking through seed coat<sup>1</sup> |
| | 09 | 009 | Emergence: cotyledon breaks through soil surface.<sup>1</sup><br>Green shoot visible<sup>2</sup> |
| | | 010 | Cotyledon visible as hook<sup>1</sup> |
| | | 011 | Hook stage: hooked cotyledon green<sup>1</sup> |
| | | 012 | Whip stage: cotyledon has whip-like form<sup>1</sup> |
| 1: Leaf development (Main shoot) | 10 | 100 | Advanced whip stage: whip begins to die off<sup>1</sup> |
| | 11 | 101 | First leaf (\> 3 cm) clearly visible |
| | 12 | 102 | 2nd leaf (\> 3 cm) clearly visible |
| | 13 | 103 | 3rd leaf (\> 3 cm) |
| | 1 . | 10 . | Stages continuous till . . . |
| | 19 | 109 | 9 or more leaves clearly visible |
| 4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts | 41 | 401 | Leaf bases begin to thicken or extend |
| | 43 | 403 | 30% of the expected bulb or shaft diameter reached |
| | 45 | 405 | 50% of the expected bulb or shaft diameter reached |
| | 47 | 407 | Bolting begins; in 10% of the plants leaves bent over<sup>3</sup><br>70% of the expected shaft length and diameter reached<sup>4</sup> |
| | 48 | 408 | Leaves bent over in 50% of plants<sup>3</sup> |
| | 49 | 409 | Leaves dead, bulb top dry; dormancy<sup>3</sup> Growth complete; length and stem diameter typical for variety reached<sup>4</sup> |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 51 | 501 | Onion bulb begins to elongate |
| | 53 | 503 | 30% of the expected length of flower stem reached |
| | 55 | 505 | Flower stem at full length; sheath closed |
| | 57 | 507 | Sheath burst open |
| | 59 | 509 | First flower petals visible; flowers still closed |
| 6: Flowering | 60 | 600 | First flowers open (sporadically) |
| | 61 | 601 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open |
| | 62 | 602 | 20% of flowers open |
| | 63 | 603 | 30% of flowers open |
| | 64 | 604 | 40% of flowers open |
| | 65 | 605 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers open |
| | 67 | 607 | Flowering finishing: 70% of petals fallen or dry |
| | 69 | 609 | End of flowering |
| 7: Development of fruit | 71 | 701 | First capsules formed |
| | 72 | 702 | 20% of capsules formed |
| | 73 | 703 | 30% of capsules formed |
| | 74 | 704 | 40% of capsules formed |
| | 75 | 705 | 50% of capsules formed |
| | 76 | 706 | 60% of capsules formed |
| | 77 | 707 | 70% of capsules formed |
| | 78 | 708 | 80% of capsules formed |
| | 79 | 709 | Capsule development complete; seeds pale |
| 8: Ripening of fruit and seed | 81 | 801 | Beginning of ripening: 10% of capsules ripe |
| | 85 | 805 | First capsules bursting |
| | 89 | 809 | Fully ripe: seeds black and hard |
| 9: Senescence | 92 | 902 | Leaves and shoots beginning to discolour |
| | 95 | 905 | 50% of leaves yellow or dead |
| | 97 | 907 | Plants or above ground parts dead |
| | 99 | 909 | Harvested product (seeds) |
|
1 Seed sown
2 Onion sets, shallot and garlic
3 For onions, garlic
4 For leek
* Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder; L. Buhr; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Klose; U. Meier; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: I. Zwiebel-, Wurzel-, Knollen- und Blattgemüse. Nachrichtenbl. Deut". *Pflanzenschutzd*. **47**: 193–206.
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17,033,330
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_Flat,_Victoria
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Kangaroo Flat, Victoria
|
Kangaroo Flat is a suburb of Bendigo, located in Victoria, Australia. It is located 5 kilometres southwest of the Bendigo CBD. Kangaroo Flat is neighbours with Golden Square, Big Hill, Lockwood, Maiden Gully and Mandurang.
| 2024-03-27T21:59:18
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# Kangaroo Flat, Victoria
**Kangaroo Flat** is a suburb of Bendigo, located in Victoria, Australia. It is located 5 kilometres (3 miles) southwest of the Bendigo CBD. Kangaroo Flat is neighbours with Golden Square, Big Hill, Lockwood, Maiden Gully and Mandurang.
## Toponymy
The suburb was originally named Yankee Boot Flat, after the high boots the gold miners wore whilst mining in the area. The name of Kangaroo Flat was derived from one particular eastern grey kangaroo, who was surrounded and captured by the gold miners.
## History
Prior to the gold rush the Bendigo (called Sandhurst, in those days) district was part of a large sheep station known as "the Ravenswood Run". Discovery of gold deposits in the 1850s brought many miners to the region, looking to seek their fortune. People came from a number of overseas countries, such as England, Netherlands, Ireland, The United States of America, Germany and others. Large numbers came from Mainland China. Chinese miners conducted searches of alluvial (surface level) and shallow mine-sites. Characteristically "round" Chinese digs are still able to be viewed in places such as Charcoal Gully, a bushland reserve located between Morrison and Thomas Streets to the southwest of Kangaroo Flat's town centre. This Chinese influence was at first resented by other diggers, many who came from European countries with little or no understanding of the Asian lifestyle. Concerted efforts by Chinese settlers to assist their adopted communities led to their being eventually embraced in the district.
Bendigo and satellite towns, including Kangaroo Flat, Golden Square, Eaglehawk and White Hills, sprung up essentially as tent cities. These gave way to more permanent structures and the current street layout was established by the 1880s. The Post Office opened on 2 February 1857.
The population of Kangaroo Flat itself decreased along with the rest of the "Sandhurst" region as the gold rush subsided, although the town has always maintained its own cultural heritage and identity. Kangaroo Flat is home to the Crusoe Reservoir, built during the gold rush to supply water to Bendigo's goldfields. Water for the reservoir came from a series of channels reaching as far south as Kyneton. Crusoe's filtration system included a lime/sand-based installation. The reservoir is open today as a recreation park and swimming beach.
At November 2016, with the town's population approaching 12,000 residents, local facilities have been upgraded to keep pace with community needs.
The Kangaroo Flat Fire Brigade was established in 1873 and initially operated out of a wooden station in Smith Street. The Brigade was established and equipped with funds donated from within the community. The Brigade moved to a new premise in Station Street in 1956 in part to facilitate a second fire fighting appliance (tanker). It has now relocated to a new site in Helm Street, adjacent to Charcoal Gully. The new fire station houses four firefighting appliances and facilities for its volunteer fire fighters. The Brigade will celebrate its 150th anniversary in 2023. The Country Fire Authority's District 2 Headquarters have been relocated, from their former site atop Bendigo's Fire Station, to the site of the old Don Murray's Windermere Hotel, at the intersection of Lockwood Road and Helm Street.
Kangaroo Flat itself has grown from its early beginnings. The 4-lane Calder Highway carries thousands of vehicles daily on a 90-minute trip to the nearby Victorian capital city of Melbourne and suburbs. Three shopping precincts cater to the growing demographic, and a restored and upgraded railway station allows commuters access to the V/Line Fast Train system linking Bendigo to Melbourne and other urban districts.
## Churches
A number of old churches, built in the mid-1800s, give testimony to a well-established community with strong British ties. St. Monica's Roman Catholic Church sits at the Northern end of Kangaroo Flat's busy "Main" business & shopping street, striking red brick & white masonry trim creating a unique landmark. Its newly modernised Catholic primary school is located directly opposite on the corner of Station Street. The Kangaroo Flat Uniting Church, (formerly Methodist) occupies a similar prominent spot on the Southern approach to the main street. Standing in an elevated position in Camp Street, it looks west towards Lockwood Road and the town's famous farming district. The Kangaroo Flat Baptist Church is to be found in Church Street, just a short stroll from Camp Street. Formerly the Kangaroo Flat Presbyterian Church, it has a long & proud history in the local area.
St. Mary's Anglican Church, is situated further along Melbourne Road from the Uniting Church. A part of Kangaroo Flat since gold rush times, the original church was destroyed by a horrific fire in December 2008. Constructed around 1862, the main building had housed stone & timber tablets paying tribute to community members. A Flight Sergeant killed over England during the Second World War, a much-loved resident Minister, & a young girl from the parish flock; these & others commemorated on St. Mary's walls reinforced the importance of community itself within the church. A large oil painting in modern style, completed in the 1950s by Anne Moller, a young local girl, depicted the birth, crucifixion & resurrection of Jesus Christ. It formed a thematic above the altar, but was lost in the fire along with nearly all of the Parish's history. The church and community rallied to raise funds, and in mid-2014 a new, modern facility was opened where the original building had stood. It features a modern church and facilities with which to serve the parish and community well into the future.
## Economy
The suburb has one shopping centre, Lansell Square, which is located on the Calder Highway to the south of the Kangaroo Flat main CBD. It was opened in 1979 with a K-Mart department store, Coles and Safeway (now known as Woolworths) supermarkets, in addition to 55 specialty stores. The centre received a development upgrade between 2014 and 2015.
## Sport
### Australian rules football
A Kangaroo Flat football club was first formed in 1862, though it is unknown how long it lasted for. The present Kangaroo Flat Football Club was first formed in the 1890s, its most successful era being the 1920s. The club is the oldest established football club from the Golden City Football League to have been incorporated into the present Bendigo Football League in 1981. Their home ground is located at Dower Park. A junior league club for under 12s also exists.
Dower Park, Kangaroo Flat's principal sporting complex and home to the local football, cricket, bowling and swimming clubs, has been remodelled. A sports club with restaurant and gaming facilities was completed in recent years, as was a new grandstand on the western side of the oval. An indoor aquatic centre has been constructed in Browning Street, while a new Ambulance Station operates in View Street.
### Other clubs
The Kangaroo Flat Mens Bowls Club was founded in 1945. In 1947, a Ladies club was also established. A wooden clubhouse was opened in 1953, with extensions completed in 1962 and 1972, when the clubhouse was rebuilt in brick.
The Kangaroo Flat Rifle Club was formed in 1861. During World War II, the club closed, until it reformed in 1948, although the Kangaroo Flat rifle range was not reopened. The club currently operates as the South Bendigo Rifle Club in the locality of Wellsford.
The clubhouse for the Kangaroo Flat Tennis Club was constructed in 1976.
## Public services
### Education
Kangaroo Flat is home to the Kangaroos Football and Netball team in the Bendigo Football League, and a number of educational institutions; Crusoe Secondary College, Kangaroo Flat Primary School, St. Monica's Primary School, the Bendigo campus of Glenvale Primary School and Bendigo Special Development School.
### Citations
### Works cited
## InfoBox
| Kangaroo Flat<br>Bendigo, Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Main street | |
| Kangaroo Flat | |
| | |
| Coordinates | 36°47′S 144°14′E / 36.783°S 144.233°E / -36.783; 144.233 |
| Population | 11,328 (2021 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 3555 |
| Location | |
| LGA(s) | City of Greater Bendigo |
| Federal division(s) | Bendigo |
| **Suburbs around Kangaroo Flat:** Maiden Gully Golden Square Golden Gully Lockwood Kangaroo Flat Mandurang Ravenswood Ravenswood Mandurang | |
|
56,288,315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Appalachian_State_Mountaineers_women%27s_basketball_team
|
2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball team
|
The 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball team represented Appalachian State University in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Eagles, led by fourth-year head coach Angel Elderkin, played their home games at George M. Holmes Convocation Center and were members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 8–23, 5–13 in Sun Belt play, to finish in ninth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt women's tournament where they lost to Little Rock.
| 2024-08-19T15:52:01
|
# 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball team
2017–18 Sun Belt Conference women's basketball standings
| | Conf | | | | | | | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | | L | | PCT | | | W | | L | | PCT |
| Little Rock | 17 | | 1 | | .944 | | | 23 | | 10 | | .697 |
| Texas State | 14 | | 4 | | .778 | | | 23 | | 10 | | .697 |
| UT Arlington | 12 | | 6 | | .667 | | | 18 | | 12 | | .600 |
| Troy | 12 | | 6 | | .667 | | | 18 | | 13 | | .581 |
| South Alabama | 11 | | 7 | | .611 | | | 21 | | 13 | | .618 |
| Coastal Carolina | 10 | | 8 | | .556 | | | 17 | | 14 | | .548 |
| Louisiana | 10 | | 8 | | .556 | | | 17 | | 16 | | .515 |
| Arkansas State | 10 | | 8 | | .556 | | | 15 | | 15 | | .500 |
| Appalachian State | 5 | | 13 | | .278 | | | 8 | | 23 | | .258 |
| Georgia State | 4 | | 14 | | .222 | | | 8 | | 22 | | .267 |
| Georgia Southern | 2 | | 16 | | .111 | | | 5 | | 25 | | .167 |
| Louisiana–Monroe | 1 | | 17 | | .056 | | | 4 | | 26 | | .133 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2018 Sun Belt tournament winner<br>As of March 19, 2018<br>Rankings from AP poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The **2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball team** represented Appalachian State University in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Eagles, led by fourth-year head coach Angel Elderkin, played their home games at George M. Holmes Convocation Center and were members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 8–23, 5–13 in Sun Belt play, to finish in ninth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt women's tournament where they lost to Little Rock.
## Previous season
They finished the 2016–17 season 13–19, 6–12 in Sun Belt play, to finish in ninth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt women's tournament where they lost to Little Rock.
## Roster
| 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Year Previous school Hometown 1 Maya Calder 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Fr National Christian Academy Landover, MD 3 Tierra Wilson 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) Fr RJ Reynolds Winston-Salem, NC 4 Nicola Mathews 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) So Cabra Dominican<br>College of Central Florida Adelaide, Australia 5 LaPresha Stanley 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Fr Rockledge Rockledge, FL 10 Kaila Craven 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) RS So Southwestern Randolph Asheboro, NC G/F 14 Armani Hampton 5 ft 11 in (1.8 m) So Atkins Winston-Salem, NC G/F 20 Katelyn Doub 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Sr Southwestern Randolph Asheboro, NC 23 Ashley Polacek 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) Jr SPIRE Institute<br>UCF Ottawa, ON 24 Anna Perez Gomez 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Jr CB Arenys<br>Eastern Wyoming College Canet de Mar, Spain 30 Lainey Gosnell 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Fr Habersham Central Demorest, GA 32 Dominique Jeffery 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Fr FAMU DRS Tallahassee, FL 34 Madi Story 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Sr Bandys Maiden, NC F/C 42 Bayley Plummer 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) So East Davidson Thomasville, NC | Head coach Assistant coach(es) --- Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on --- Roster <br>Last update: August 19, 2024 |
## Schedule
| Date<br>time, TV | Rank<sup>#</sup> | Opponent<sup>#</sup> | Result | Record | Site (attendance) <br>city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| October 31, 2017*<br>3:00 p.m. | | Tusculum | **W** 78–58 | <br> | Holmes Center <br>Boone, NC |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| November 10, 2017*<br>7:00 p.m. | | Georgia Tech | **L** 41–75 | 0–1<br> | Holmes Center (750)<br>Boone, NC |
| November 12, 2017*<br>5:00 p.m. | | at Radford | **L** 40–61 | 0–2<br> | Dedmon Center (689)<br>Radford, VA |
| November 15, 2017*<br>6:00 p.m. | | East Tennessee State | **L** 57–70 | 0–3<br> | Holmes Center (317)<br>Boone, NC |
| November 19, 2017*<br>2:00 p.m. | | Davidson | **L** 57–59 | 0–4<br> | Holmes Center (322)<br>Boone, NC |
| November 21, 2017*<br>5:30 p.m. | | at North Carolina A&T | **L** 56–81 | 0–5<br> | Corbett Sports Center (550)<br>Greensboro, NC |
| November 26, 2017*<br>2:00 p.m. | | at College of Charleston | **W** 76–70 | 1–5<br> | TD Arena (333)<br>Charleston, SC |
| December 1, 2017*<br>11:00 a.m. | | UAB | **L** 59–70 | 1–6<br> | Holmes Center (466)<br>Boone, NC |
| December 3, 2017*<br>5:30 p.m., ACCNX | | at North Carolina | **L** 43–56 | 1–7<br> | Carmichael Arena (2,617)<br>Chapel Hill, NC |
| December 7, 2017*<br>7:00 p.m. | | at Wake Forest | **L** 49–78 | 1–8<br> | LJVM Coliseum (509)<br>Winston-Salem, NC |
| December 16, 2017*<br>1:00 p.m. | | at Marshall | **W** 56–54 | 2–8<br> | Cam Henderson Center (615)<br>Huntington, WV |
| December 21, 2017*<br>7:00 p.m. | | at UNC Asheville | **L** 60–69 <sup>OT</sup> | 2–9<br> | Kimmel Arena (896)<br>Asheville, NC |
| Sun Belt regular season | | | | | | | | |
| December 29, 2017<br>5:00 p.m. | | Texas State | **L** 54–69 | 2–10<br>(0–1) | Holmes Center (654)<br>Boone, NC |
| December 31, 2017<br>12:00 p.m. | | UT Arlington | **L** 60–64 | 2–11<br>(0–2) | Holmes Center (275)<br>Boone, NC |
| January 4, 2018<br>6:00 p.m. | | at Louisiana | **L** 45–61 | 2–12<br>(0–3) | Cajundome (704)<br>Lafayette, LA |
| January 6, 2018<br>1:00 p.m. | | at Louisiana–Monroe | **W** 71–67 | 3–11<br>(1–3) | Fant–Ewing Coliseum (1,423)<br>Monroe, LA |
| January 11, 2018<br>5:00 p.m. | | Georgia State | **W** 77–62 | 4–11<br>(2–3) | Holmes Center (282)<br>Boone, NC |
| January 13, 2018<br>1:00 p.m. | | Georgia Southern | **W** 87–56 | 5–11<br>(3–3) | Holmes Center (357)<br>Boone, NC |
| January 20, 2018<br>2:00 p.m. | | at South Alabama | **L** 52–54 | 5–12<br>(3–4) | Mitchell Center (3,877)<br>Mobile, AL |
| January 22, 2018<br>6:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | at Troy | **L** 74–81 | 5–13<br>(3–5) | Trojan Arena (1,069)<br>Troy, AL |
| January 25, 2018<br>5:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | Little Rock | **L** 40–52 | 5–14<br>(3–6) | Holmes Center (297)<br>Boone, NC |
| January 27, 2018<br>1:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | Arkansas State | **W** 68–66 | 6–14<br>(4–6) | Holmes Center (319)<br>Boone, NC |
| February 1, 2018<br>6:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | at UT Arlington | **L** 48–49 | 6–16<br>(4–7) | College Park Center (2,330)<br>Arlington, TX |
| February 3, 2018<br>3:00 p.m. | | at Texas State | **L** 50–92 | 6–17<br>(4–8) | Strahan Coliseum (1,744)<br>San Marcos, TX |
| February 15, 2018<br>5:00 p.m. | | South Alabama | **W** 57–56 <sup>OT</sup> | 7–18<br>(5–9) | Holmes Center (278)<br>Boone, NC |
| February 10, 2018<br>1:00 p.m. | | at Coastal Carolina | **L** 68–73 <sup>OT</sup> | 7–19<br>(5–10) | HTC Center (386)<br>Conway, SC |
| February 17, 2018<br>1:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | Troy | **L** 74–81 | 7–19<br>(5–10) | Holmes Center (582)<br>Boone, NC |
| February 22, 2018<br>6:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | at Arkansas State | **L** 52–69 | 7–20<br>(5–11) | First National Bank Arena (319)<br>Jonesboro, AR |
| February 24, 2018<br>4:00 p.m. | | at Little Rock | **L** 35–61 | 7–21<br>(5–12) | Jack Stephens Center (1,794)<br>Little Rock, AR |
| March 3, 2018<br>1:00 p.m., ESPN3 | | Coastal Carolina | **L** 51–66 | 7–22<br>(5–13) | Holmes Center (484)<br>Boone, NC |
| Sun Belt women's tournament | | | | | | | | |
| March 6, 2018<br>12:30 p.m., ESPN3 | (9) | vs. (8) Arkansas State <br>*First round* | **W** 79–68 | 8–22<br> | Lakefront Arena <br>New Orleans, LA |
| March 8, 2018<br>12:30 p.m., ESPN3 | (9) | vs. (1) Little Rock <br>*Quarterfinals* | **L** 34–66 | 8–23<br> | Lakefront Arena <br>New Orleans, LA |
| *Non-conference game. <sup>#</sup>Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. <br>All times are in Eastern. | | | | | | | | | | | |
Source:
## InfoBox
| 2017–18 Appalachian State Mountaineers women's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Conference | Sun Belt Conference |
| Record | 8–23 (5–13 Sun Belt) |
| Head coach | |
| Assistant coaches | * Sam Pierce Jr. * Cristina Centeno * Kate Dempsey |
| Home arena | Holmes Center |
|
|
18,744,625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Special_Service_Brigade
|
2nd Special Service Brigade
|
The 2nd Special Service Brigade was formed in late 1943 in the Middle East and saw service in Italy, the Adriatic, the landings at Anzio and took part in operations in Yugoslavia.
On 6 December 1944 the Brigade was renamed 2nd Commando Brigade, removing the title Special Service and its association with the Schutzstaffel.
| 2021-10-25T14:07:06
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# 2nd Special Service Brigade
The **2nd Special Service** Brigade was formed in late 1943 in the Middle East and saw service in Italy, the Adriatic, the landings at Anzio and took part in operations in Yugoslavia. On 6 December 1944 the Brigade was renamed **2nd Commando Brigade**, removing the title *Special Service* and its association with the Schutzstaffel.
## Italian Campaign
The brigade as a formation, was not involved in Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, but 40 RM Commando was involved in the assault landings as Army Troops. In Operation Shingle, the assault at Anzio, No. 9 (Army) Commando and No. 43 (Royal Marine) Commando were the only units involved. The whole brigade would be involved in the final offensive of the Italian Campaign.
In 1945 the brigade was involved in the Lake Comacchio battle, Operation Roast, where Corporal Thomas Peck Hunter of 43 Commando was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for conspicuous Gallantry in single-handedly clearing a farmstead housing three Spandau machine guns after charging across 200 metres of open ground firing his Bren gun from the hip, then moving to an exposed position to draw fire away from his comrades by engaging further Spandaus entrenched on the far side of the canal. After Operation Roast the brigade was involved in the follow-up actions until the German surrender.
The brigade remained in the area on security duties until it was disbanded in 1946
## Formation
## Battle honours
The following Battle honours were awarded to British Commandos during the Second World War.
## InfoBox
| 2nd Special Service<br>2nd Commando Brigade | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1943–1946 |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army<br>Royal Navy |
| Type | Commando |
| Role | Coastal raiding<br>Assault infantry<br>Special operations |
| Part of | Combined Operations |
| Engagements | Second World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Ronnie Tod |
| Insignia | |
| Combined<br>Operations<br>Tactical<br>recognition<br>flash | |
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1,487,312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_Reaction_(1996_film)
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Chain Reaction (1996 film)
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Chain Reaction is a 1996 American science fiction action thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and starring Keanu Reeves, Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn and Brian Cox. The plot centers on the invention of a new non-contaminating power source based on hydrogen and the attempts by the United States Government to prevent the spreading of this technology to other countries. The film was released in the United States on August 2, 1996.
| 2024-09-21T17:39:22
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# Chain Reaction (1996 film)
***Chain Reaction*** is a 1996 American science fiction action thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and starring Keanu Reeves, Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn and Brian Cox. The plot centers on the invention of a new non-contaminating power source based on hydrogen and the attempts by the United States Government to prevent the spreading of this technology to other countries. The film was released in the United States on August 2, 1996.
## Plot
While working with a team from the University of Chicago on a project to convert hydrogen from water into clean energy, student machinist Eddie Kasalivich inadvertently discovers a sound frequency in his home laboratory that perfectly stabilizes their process the next day. As the team celebrates with a party at the project laboratory, Dr. Paul Shannon, the leader of the project, and Dr. Alistair Barkley, the project manager, debate whether or not to share the scientific discovery. Later that night, project physicist Dr. Lily Sinclair finds her car unable to start, so Eddie gets her home by bus. Back in the laboratory, Alistair and assistant Dr. Lu Chen prepare to upload their discovery to the Internet to share the breakthrough with the world, while a van approaches the premises. Chen hears a noise and goes outside to investigate, but is kidnapped by unknown assailants as Alistair is also attacked.
Once he has dropped Lily off at Alistair's house, where she lives on the third floor, Eddie returns to the laboratory to retrieve his motorcycle but notices a suspicious van departing. Hearing alarms, he runs inside to find Alistair dead with a plastic bag over his head and Chen missing. As the hydrogen reactor has become dangerously unstable, Eddie, unable to deactivate it, speeds away as a concealed detonator triggers a massive hydrogen explosion that destroys the laboratory and eight blocks' worth of surrounding streets.
Upon returning from questioning by the FBI, Eddie and Lily realize that they are being framed after encountering planted evidence in both of their houses. The two flee to an observatory in Wisconsin belonging to Maggie McDermott, an old friend of Eddie's. After resting up, they contact Paul but are almost caught and narrowly escape. As the pair are evading more police, Paul meets with Lyman Earl Collier at the C-Systems Research complex, where it is revealed that C-Systems orchestrated the plot to destroy the laboratory and frame the pair for it, with Lyman ordering the attack. Despite some disagreement, Paul and Lyman decide to continue hunting for the pair, a task facilitated when Eddie covertly arranges a meeting with Paul. At their rendezvous, Paul reveals his involvement in framing Eddie, but the meeting ends in an ambush in which Lyman’s thugs Yusef Reed and Clancy Butler, who murdered Alistair, capture Lily while Eddie barely escapes.
After tracing the license plate on the thugs' van, Eddie tracks them to the secret C-Systems Research facility where Paul and Lyman are forcing Lily and Chen to replicate the project. When C-Systems' test reactor malfunctions, Paul, the scientists and the prisoners all depart, allowing Eddie to furtively "fix" the system that night. The next morning, one of the other scientists discovers the working reactor and everyone celebrates. A suspicious Paul immediately obtains a download of the fusion data, and secretly gives it to his assistant, Anita, for safekeeping. He then encounters Eddie at a computer in the company boardroom, who demands his release for making the reactor work. Paul agrees but Lyman refuses, so Eddie sets the reactor to explode while sending proof of his innocence to the FBI and blueprints of the reactor to "hopefully a couple thousand" international scientists. Lyman responds by shooting Chen dead, then locking in Eddie and Lily to die in the explosion as he, Paul, and their staff flee the site.
Lyman is given a falsified copy of the fusion data before Paul kills him for overstepping the bounds of the program, leaving his body in an elevator. During his own escape, he deactivates the containment system, allowing Eddie and Lily to escape. They are attacked by Reed and Butler over an ascending construction lift but escape by climbing aboard it moments before a blast wave sweeps through the complex, incinerating the corpses of Reed, Butler, and Lyman. Having survived the shockwave, Eddie and Lily are met by FBI agents Ford and Doyle, now convinced of their innocence, who take them to safety. Paul is shown dictating a memo to Anita in a chauffeured limo, informing the Director of the CIA that "...C-System \[is\] no longer a viable entity."
In a post-credits scene, the C-Systems facility is seen imploding into the landscape.
## Cast
* Keanu Reeves as Eddie Kasalivich, a machinist working on a team from the University of Chicago; he is forced to go on the run with Dr. Lily Sinclair when someone frames him for the murder of his boss, Dr. Alistair Barkley, and the destruction of his laboratory, and both must work to clear their names before they are captured or killed
* Morgan Freeman as Paul Shannon, the enigmatic leader of the project at the University of Chicago; his motives are unclear throughout the movie, but he advises Eddie to turn himself into the authorities. It is later disclosed that he is the head of the entire program that includes Lyman, who tries to kill the research team. A scene with Agents Ford and Doyle and the ending suggests Shannon is with the CIA.
* Rachel Weisz as Lily Sinclair, a physicist working with Dr. Alistair Barkley who goes on the run with Eddie when they are framed for Alistair's murder and the destruction of his laboratory
* Fred Ward as FBI Agent Leon Ford, who leads the investigation to discover the cause of the destruction of the laboratory; initially focusing on Eddie and Lily, he soon suspects the involvement of government organizations
* Kevin Dunn as FBI Agent Doyle, Ford's assistant in the investigation who helps Ford track down Eddie, Lily, and later, C-Systems
* Brian Cox as Lyman Earl Collier, Chairman of C-Systems Research who is behind the conspiracy to keep the hydrogen power plant a secret
* Joanna Cassidy as Maggie McDermott, an old friend of Eddie's who lives in an observatory in Wisconsin, where Eddie and Lily escape to after a warrant is issued for their arrest
* Chelcie Ross as FBI Agent Ed Rafferty
* Nicholas Rudall as Dr. Alistair Barkley, head of the project to develop energy from the water who is later suffocated
* Tzi Ma as Lu Chen, Project Manager on the Hydrogen Project and Dr. Barkley's right-hand man; when Barkley is killed, Dr. Chen is kidnapped and forced to work at C-Systems
* Krzysztof Pieczyński as Lucasz Screbneski, the scientist on the original project who is secretly working for C-Systems
* Eddie Bo Smith Jr. and Danny Goldring as Yusef Reed and Clancy Butler, Collier's right hand men for C-Systems
In addition, Michael Shannon and Neil Flynn make appearances as a van driver and a Wisconsin State Police Trooper, respectively.
## Production
Large portions of the film were shot on location in and around Chicago, Illinois, including the University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, the Museum of Science and Industry, the Field Museum of Natural History, Michigan Avenue, and the James R. Thompson Center (Atrium Mall). Additional scenes were shot at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, on Geneva Lake in southern Wisconsin, interiors of the U.S. Capitol were shot at the Wisconsin State Capitol, in Madison, Wisconsin, at Inland Steel Company (now known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.) in East Chicago, Indiana, and at a private residence in Barrington Hills, Illinois. Because of the cold Great Lakes winter and filming taking place during record-breaking winter weather, unique challenges were present for the cast and crew. Morgan Freeman noted "It was difficult for everyone, particularly for me because I'm tropical," he said. "I don't do cold weather. This is Chicago...in the winter. I was ill and in bed \[for\] four days at a crack. It was really rough."
## Reception
*Chain Reaction* received negative reviews. The film holds an 18% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 33 reviews, with the site's critical consensus stating, "Ironic given the scientific breakthrough at the story's core, *Chain Reaction* is a man-on-the-run thriller that mostly sticks to \[the\] generic formula." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.
Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four, writing: "By movie's end, I'd seen some swell photography and witnessed some thrilling chase scenes, but when it came to understanding the movie, I didn't have a clue." Jeff Millar of the *Houston Chronicle* wrote: "The narrative is very complex, but what's on the screen is little more than generic, non-narrative-specific, guy-being-chased stuff". Conversely, Edward Guthmann of the *San Francisco Chronicle* felt the film was one of the summer's best movies, writing: "\[*Chain Reaction*\] has better acting, better writing, more spectacular chase sequences and more genuine drama than all of this summer's blockbusters."
*Chain Reaction* and its cast were nominated for one award, with Keanu Reeves being nominated for the Razzie for Worst Actor, which was won by both Tom Arnold and Pauly Shore.
*Chain Reaction* debuted in fourth place at the box office behind *A Time to Kill*, *Independence Day* and *Matilda*, collecting a total of $7.5 million during its opening weekend. The film grossed just over USD$60.2 million worldwide.
Reeves has since expressed regret about *Chain Reaction*, blaming script changes. Of his character, he said: "Originally, I was married. I had this kid and I did this research and I didn't know that what I was researching had this effect. And someone got killed and I had these regrets and I'm trying to stop what I'm doing, but they can't let me so they're chasing me. And then all of a sudden I turn into this 24-year-old machinist and I turned to (director) Andrew Davis and I said, 'What happened to the movie I said yes to? What happened to that script? Where did that go?' And he said, 'No, I got something better,' and so I just had to go with it."
## Scientific accuracy
In one interpretation of the film's plot, a scientific process supposedly extracts hydrogen from water, then burns the hydrogen to generate power, and leaves only water as a residue, essentially a chemical perpetual motion. The movie never clarifies how the hydrogen is extracted from the water, nor how water is still left over. The character Dr. Shannon makes contradictory statements in the combination of ideas mashed together: one time he says this is accomplished with a laser with millions of degrees, another time he says frequencies of sound and sonoluminescence. In one scene, the movie shows a bubbling container reminiscent of cold fusion electrolytic cells and another reference sustained fusion. A character in the film claims that a glass of water could power Chicago for weeks, but no clear explanation is ever given as to whether this is by simply burning hydrogen released by highly efficient means or through nuclear processes. The film's title is also misleading, since "chain reaction" is related to nuclear fission, not fusion.
The film is based on the premise that free energy suppression is real. The main character is told that his discovery is too disruptive: energy would suddenly be cheap, oil would no longer be necessary, oil companies would go bankrupt, and such sudden economic changes would throw society into chaos.
## InfoBox
| Chain Reaction | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Andrew Davis |
| Screenplay by | |
| Story by | |
| Produced by | * Arne L. Schmidt * Andrew Davis |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Frank Tidy |
| Edited by | |
| Music by | Jerry Goldsmith |
| Production<br>companies | |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * August 2, 1996 (1996-08-02) |
| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $50 million |
| Box office | $60.2 million |
|
8,910,598
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesney_Products
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Lesney Products
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Lesney Products & Co. Ltd. was a British manufacturing company responsible for the conception, manufacture, and distribution of die-cast toys under the "Matchbox" name. The company existed from 1947 until 1982.
| 2024-10-05T10:39:05
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# Lesney Products
**Lesney Products & Co. Ltd.** was a British manufacturing company responsible for the conception, manufacture, and distribution of die-cast toys under the "Matchbox" name. The company existed from 1947 until 1982.
## History
Lesney was founded on 19 January 1947 as an industrial die-casting company by Leslie Smith (6 March 1918 - 26 May 2005) and Rodney Smith (26 August 1917 - 20 July 2013). The name "Lesney" was a portmanteau from both partners' (who were not related by blood) names. They had been school friends and served together in the Royal Navy during World War II. Shortly after they founded the company, Rodney Smith introduced to his partner a man named John "Jack" Odell, an engineer he had met in a previous job at D.C.M.T. (another die-casting company). Mr. Odell initially rented a space in the Lesney building to make his own die-casting products, but he joined the company as a partner in that same year.
Lesney originally started operations in a derelict pub in north London (The Rifleman), but later, as finances allowed, changed location several times before finally moving to a factory in Hackney which became synonymous with the company. In late 1947 they received a request for parts for a toy gun. As that proved to be a viable alternative to reducing their factory's output during periods in which they received fewer or smaller industrial orders, they started making die cast model toys the following year. Seeing no future for the company, Rodney Smith left in 1951.
The first model toy they produced in 1948; a die-cast road roller based clearly on a Dinky model (the industry leader in die-cast toy cars at that time); in hindsight proves to be the first of perhaps three major milestones on the path to their eventual destiny. It established transportation as a viable and interesting theme; other similar models followed, including a cowboy-influenced covered wagon and a soap-box racer. The company continued to produce non-toy items; of those marketed directly by Lesney, one of the more popular ones was a fishing bait press, well liked by British anglers at the time.
The next crucial milestone was the production of a replica of the Royal State Coach in 1953, the year of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Two versions were created, the first in a larger scale, followed by a smaller-scale model. It was this second model that sold over a million units, a massive success at the time. The profits from the sales provided valuable capital for further investments.
The final and decisive stepping stone in the pre-Matchbox era was a toy which Mr. Odell designed for his daughter Annie: a scaled-down version of the Lesney green and red road roller. The toy's origin is debatable; it's been said that the daughter's school only allowed children to bring toys that could fit inside a matchbox, but Nick Jones debunks this story in his book, Matchbox Toys. According to the book, Annie "kept bringing home spiders and creepy-crawlies inside a matchbox", so Odell promised to make her a toy that fit in the matchbox if she didn't bring any more spiders home. Odell then made her a scaled-down Road Roller, which became popular at her school. The idea was then born to sell the model in a replica matchbox thus also yielding the name of the series which would propel Lesney to worldwide, mass-market success. The road roller ultimately became the first of the Matchbox *1-75* miniature range; a dump truck, a cement mixer, and a Massey Harris Tractor (labelled 1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a respectively) completed the original four-model release.
In the early years of the series, Lesney used a partner company, "Moko" (itself also named after its founder, Moses Kohnstam), to market/distribute its toys. This distribution was documented on the boxes themselves, on which the text "A Moko Lesney product" appeared. By the end of the decade, Lesney was able to buy Moko, marketing its products under its own name from that point on. A period of great expansion, tremendous profit, and recognition followed: In 1966, Lesney received their first (of several) Queen's Awards for Industry. By the mid-'60s, Matchbox was the largest brand of die-cast model vehicles in the world, and had diversified the line into multiple series.
On 11 July 1982, after years of difficulties due to the economic climate in Britain at the time, Lesney went bankrupt and into receivership. Competing companies Mettoy (Corgi) and Meccano (Dinky) also suffered the same fate. The Matchbox brand as well as Lesney's tooling were bought by and became a division of Universal Holdings/Universal Toys, where the company re-formed as "Matchbox International Ltd." Tooling and production were moved to Macau. Jack Odell went on to form a new company, Lledo, where he produced models similar to early Matchbox *Models of Yesteryear*. Since 1996 the Matchbox brand has been owned by Mattel, creators of Hot Wheels.
Some of the tools and dies created in the Lesney era were still used in the Matchbox line of 2007.
## Non-Matchbox Lesney toys
Although the name Lesney became synonymous with Matchbox, the company produced several toys previous to and into the Matchbox era which were not sold under that famous moniker. Today, these are highly collectible items. They include:
* Road Roller (1947), later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 1
* Cement Mixer (1948), later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 3
* Caterpillar Crawler (1948), later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 8
* Caterpillar Bulldozer (1948), later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 18
* Milk Float (1949), later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 7; this was the 1st toy made in Lesney's second factory at Barratts Grove
* Soap-Box Racer (1949)
* Rag & Bone Cart (1949)
* Prime Mover & Trailer (1950), used in different scales later as Matchbox *1-75* and *Major Pack* models
* Jumbo the Elephant (1950), a clockwork toy (marketed by Moko)
* Muffin the Mule (1951), a puppet animal based on a TV show (marketed by Moko)
* large Royal State Coach (1951 & 1952); the 1st version included figures of king *and* queen; the horses were cast by competing company Benbros
* small Royal State Coach \[Coronation Coach\] (1953), first big seller, provided capital for further ventures
* Massey-Harris Tractor (1954), perhaps the finest Lesney toy, later scaled down to become Matchbox no. 4
* Conestoga Covered Wagon (1954)
Notes 1. Jones, Nick (2016). *Matchbox Toys* (1 ed.). Great Britain: Shire Publications. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-78442-038-3.
## InfoBox
Lesney Products & Co. Ltd.
|
| |
| Industry | Toy |
| Founded | 1947 |
| Founder | Leslie Smith<br>Rodney Smith |
| Defunct | 1982 (1982) |
| Fate | Company defunct, Matchbox brand remained after being acquired by Universal Toys |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Die-cast cars, commercial vehicles |
| Brands | Matchbox |
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75,423,727
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campospinoso_Albaredo
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Campospinoso Albaredo
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Campospinoso Albaredo is a comune located in the province of Pavia, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It was established in November 2023 from the merger of Campospinoso and Albaredo Arnaboldi. It is located about 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Pavia.
| 2024-06-30T19:12:39
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# Campospinoso Albaredo
**Campospinoso Albaredo** is a *comune* located in the province of Pavia, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It was established in November 2023 from the merger of Campospinoso and Albaredo Arnaboldi. It is located about 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Pavia.
## Geography
Campospinoso Albaredo is located in the Oltrepò Pavese on the south bank of the Po, just east of its junction with the Ticino. It borders the *comuni* of Linarolo to the north, Belgioioso to the northeast, San Cipriano Po to the east, Broni to the southeast, Barbianello to the south, Casanova Lonati to the southwest, and Mezzanino to the northwest.
## History
The place names Albaredo and Campospinoso first appear in historical records in 973 and 1250 respectively.
The *comuni* of Campospinoso and Albaredo Arnaboldi were first merged to form the *comune* of Campospinoso Albaredo in 1928, but the merger was undone in 1948. From September 2000 onward, the two *comuni* were governed by a single municipal union, the Unione Campospinoso Albaredo. The citizens of Campospinoso and Albaredo Arnaboldi voted to re-merge the two *comuni* on 20 November 2022. The Regional Council of Lombardy published the law effecting the merger on 14 November 2023, which went into effect on 18 November 2023.
## Economy and infrastructure
Until the end of the 1980s, the local economy was dominated by agriculture; since then, handicrafts and commerce have gained in importance.
State highway 617 runs north to south through the *comune*, connecting it with Pavia to the north via the Ponte della Becca, and with Stradella and the A21 motorway to the south.
## InfoBox
| Campospinoso Albaredo | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Santi Lorenzo e Giuseppe church in Campospinoso | |
| Location of Campospinoso Albaredo | |
| Campospinoso AlbaredoLocation of Campospinoso Albaredo in ItalyCampospinoso AlbaredoCampospinoso Albaredo (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 45°5′47″N 9°14′44″E / 45.09639°N 9.24556°E / 45.09639; 9.24556 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Pavia |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Olga Volpin |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.69 km<sup>2</sup> (1.42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 64 m (210 ft) |
| Population (1 January 2023) | |
| Total | 1,092 |
| Density | 300/km<sup>2</sup> (770/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 27040 |
| Dialing code | 0385 |
| Website | Official website |
|
57,512,393
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecheville_Community_Association_F.C.
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Frecheville Community Association F.C.
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Frecheville Community Association Football Club was a football club based in Frecheville, Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
| 2023-08-18T18:17:49
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# Frecheville Community Association F.C.
**Frecheville Community Association Football Club** was a football club based in Frecheville, Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
## History
The club first came to prominence when they won the Hatchard League title in 1966, following this up with a Sheffield Association League win in 1968 – the same season they first entered the FA Amateur Cup.
After winning the Association League they joined the Yorkshire League, winning promotion from Division Two to Division One in their first season. They won the Sheffield & Hallamshire Senior Cup in 1973–74 and finished as Yorkshire League runners-up in 1974–75. A year later they finished bottom of the league, being relegated back to Division Two, but they did not stay out of the top flight for long, winning promotion back to Division One at the first time of asking. During the same 1976–77 season they made their FA Cup debut, but lost to Winterton Rangers in the preliminary round at Silkstone Road. A year later they reached the quarter-final of the FA Vase.
In 1982 the Yorkshire League merged with the Midland League to form the Northern Counties East League (NCEL), and Frecheville were entered into Division One South of the new competition. When the league was reorganised in 1985, the club was placed in Division Two, which it won in 1986–87, gaining promotion to Division One. After three seasons in the top division, the club left the NCEL to join the more local Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior League (S&HCSL), entering at the S&HCSL's second tier, Division One.
Frecheville were crowned champions of Division One in 1991–92 and were promoted to the Premier Division. In their first season in the S&HCSL's top flight, the club won the league title, an achievement they repeated two years later. In 2002, just a year after finishing as runners-up, they were relegated to Division One when finishing bottom of the league, and in 2009 they were relegated again, to Division Two. They won the Division Two title at the first time of asking, and were promoted back to the Premier Division in 2012.
In 2016, they won their third S&HCSL title, but a year later the club was effectively disbanded when it moved to the Davys Sports Club and twice changed its name, first to **Frecheville-Davys**, and later to just **Davys**. A new Frecheville Community Association was formed in 2019, but lasted only the duration of the shortened 2019–20 season before disbanding again.
### Season-by-season record
### Notable former players
Players that have played in the Football League either before or after playing for the club –
## Ground
The club plays at the Davy Sports & Social Club in Sheffield.
## Honours
## Records
## InfoBox
Frecheville Community Association
| Full name | Frecheville Community Association Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Dissolved | 2020 |
| Ground | Silkstone Road, Frecheville, Sheffield |
| 2019–20 | Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior League Division Two, season suspended |
|
40,870,714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Qatar
|
List of companies of Qatar
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Qatar is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field. The discovery transformed the state's economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens. With no income tax, Qatar is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1%. Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the Emirate. In January 2018 a new draft law was approved by the Council of Ministers that would allow 100 percent foreign investment in all economic and commercial activities and sectors to help foreign capital inflow.
| 2023-11-07T12:52:30
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# List of companies of Qatar
Qatar is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field. The discovery transformed the state's economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens. With no income tax, Qatar (along with Bahrain and the UAE) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1%. Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the Emirate. In January 2018 a new draft law was approved by the Council of Ministers that would allow 100 percent foreign investment in all economic and commercial activities and sectors to help foreign capital inflow.
## Notable firms
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Notable companies
Active State-owned Defunct
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Al Jazeera Media Network | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | Doha | 1996 | Multimedia corporation |
| Barwa Group | Financials | Real estate holding & development | Doha | 2005 | Development |
| BSI-Steel Building System Integration W.L.L | Basic materials | Iron & steel | Doha | 2006 | Steel company |
| GSSG Holding | Conglomerates | \- | Doha | 1994 | Engineering, aviation, education, automotive company |
| Gulf Drilling International | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Doha | 2004 | Part of QatarEnergy |
| Gulf Helicopters | Consumer services | Airlines | Doha | 1970 | Charter helicopters |
| Hamad Medical Corporation | Health care | Health care providers | Doha | 1979 | State-owned healthcare provider |
| International Bank of Qatar (IBQ) | Financials | Banks | Doha | 1956 | Private bank |
| Kahramaa | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Doha | 2000 | State-owned electrical and water company |
| Nakilat | Industrials | Marine transportation | Doha | 2004 | State-owned gas shipping company |
| Nehmeh | Industrials | Diversified industrials | Doha | 1955 | Multidisciplinary company |
| Ooredoo | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Doha | 1987 | State-owned telecommunications provider |
| Oryx GTL | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Ras Laffan Industrial City | 2003 | Gas to liquids company |
| Qatar Airways | Consumer services | Airlines | Doha | 1993 | State-owned airline |
| Qatar Amiri Flight | Consumer services | Airlines | Doha | 1977 | State-owned VIP airline |
| Qatar Development Bank | Financials | Banks | Doha | 1997 | State-owned development bank |
| Qatar Exchange | Financials | Investment services | Doha | 1995 | State-owned primary exchange |
| Qatar Executive | Consumer services | Airlines | Doha | 2009 | Charter jet subsidiary of Qatar Airways |
| Qatar Insurance | Financials | Full line insurance | Doha | 1964 | State-owned insurance company |
| QNB Group | Financials | Banks | Doha | 1964 | Commercial bank |
| Qatar National Cement Company | Industrials | Building materials & fixtures | Umm Bab | 1965 | Cement manufacturing company |
| Qatar National Company for Medical Projects | Health care | Health care providers | Doha | 2005 | Healthcare company |
| QatarEnergy | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Doha | 1974 | State-owned petroleum company |
| Qatar Steel | Basic materials | Iron & steel | Mesaieed | 1974 | State-owned steel company |
| QatarEnergy LNG | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Doha | 1984 | State-owned natural gas company |
| RasGas | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Doha | 2001 | Natural gas company |
| Salam International Investment Limited | Conglomerates | \- | Doha | 1952 | Multidisciplinary company |
| Seashore Group | Conglomerates | \- | Al Khor | 1989 | Multidisciplinary company |
|
1,980,812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Sharma
|
Gabriel Sharma
|
Gabriel Sharma is an Anglican Bishop in Fiji. On 1 May 2005, he became the first Indo-Fijian to be consecrated as an Anglican Bishop, the first ethnic Indian Bishop in the Province of Aotearoa, of which Fiji forms a part, and the first Bishop specifically assigned to Fiji's Western Division, when he was installed as Bishop of Viti Levu West. On 10 April 2005, in a service at Suva's Holy Trinity Cathedral, he was consecrated together with Apimeleki Qiliho, who became Bishop of Vanua Levu, and Dr Winston Halapua, who was installed as Bishop of the Diocese of Polynesia, which covers New Zealand. He resigned his See in 2013, but returned in 2017.
| 2024-01-16T20:39:16
|
# Gabriel Sharma
**Gabriel Sharma** is an Anglican Bishop in Fiji. On 1 May 2005, he became the first Indo-Fijian to be consecrated as an Anglican Bishop, the first ethnic Indian Bishop in the Province of Aotearoa, of which Fiji forms a part, and the first Bishop specifically assigned to Fiji's Western Division, when he was installed as Bishop of Viti Levu West. On 10 April 2005, in a service at Suva's Holy Trinity Cathedral, he was consecrated together with Apimeleki Qiliho, who became Bishop of Vanua Levu, and Dr Winston Halapua, who was installed as Bishop of the Diocese of Polynesia, which covers New Zealand. He resigned his See in 2013, but returned in 2017.
## Family background
Sharma, who hails from a farming family in the village of Korokoro in Nadroga-Navosa Province, was raised as a Hindu but converted to Christianity after meeting Ana, whom he married in 1985.
## View on the 2006 coup
After the 2006 coup, Sharma told Anglicans in Sydney that Fijian Christians were praying especially that no one would be harmed. He said that the majority of Fijians believed that the coup was illegal, but that a silent minority thought that the coup was "the only thing that could have happened." He called on the outside world to try to understand the situation. "We have heard a number of negative remarks \[about the situation in Fiji\], but this will not help the people," he said.
Sharma said that many churchgoers in his region had been laid off as hotel visits had slumped. He said that many people were still hopeful for a democratic resolution, but requested that Sydney Anglicans continued to pray.
1. ACANZP Lectionary, 2019 (p. 145)
2. "Fijian fears drive Bishops to prayer". Archived from the original on 11 January 2007.
|
3,235,654
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BHP_Nevada_Railroad
|
BHP Nevada Railroad
|
The BHP Nevada Railroad was a shortline railroad that operated in Nevada from 1996 to 1999. BHP acquired the line from Nevada Northern Railway. Constructed by Utah Construction Company in 1908, the railroad hauled copper ore concentrate from BHP's concentrator at Riepetown to Shafter, Nevada. At Shafter the railroad interchanged with the Union Pacific and the ore continued to BHP's smelter at San Manuel, Arizona. BHP is an Australian-based company that took over Magma Copper, the owner of the Robinson Mine at Ruth, Nevada, in January 1996. The line ran south from a connection with the Union Pacific at Shafter to Ely.
| 2024-09-27T00:39:53
|
# BHP Nevada Railroad
The **BHP Nevada Railroad** (reporting mark **BHP**) was a shortline railroad that operated in Nevada from 1996 to 1999. BHP acquired the line from Nevada Northern Railway. Constructed by Utah Construction Company in 1908, the railroad hauled copper ore concentrate from BHP's concentrator at Riepetown to Shafter, Nevada. At Shafter the railroad interchanged with the Union Pacific and the ore continued to BHP's smelter at San Manuel, Arizona. BHP is an Australian-based company that took over Magma Copper, the owner of the Robinson Mine at Ruth, Nevada, in January 1996. The line ran south from a connection with the Union Pacific at Shafter to Ely.
## Locomotives
The BHP Nevada Railroad used five former Southern Pacific Railroad EMD SD9 locomotives built between 1954 and 1956 to operate over the line. They were numbered #201 – 205. For switching and local operations the railroad used two GE 70-ton switchers from the Santa Maria Valley Railroad. BHP also had one ALCO RS-3. The switchers were also built in the 1950s and numbered #12 and #13.
## Nevada Northern Railway Museum
BHP ended up turning over its locomotives and rolling stock to the Nevada Northern Railway Museum as part of a settlement over their track lease agreement.
A small portion of the BHP Nevada Railroad was operated over the Nevada Northern Railway Museum tracks with trackage rights between East Ely and Ruth. The line was abandoned in 1999 when copper mining was discontinued, however in 2004 the mines were reopened, and the copper concentrate was hauled by road. The disused line between Ely and Cobre was acquired by the city of Ely in 2006.
Former BHP Nevada #204 was part of a contest by the Nevada Northern Railway Museum to design a locomotive to celebrate the United States Semiquincentennial. BHP Nevada #204 will be renumbered as #250 and repainted in the winning design for the 2026 celebrations.
## Route
Stations, listed from north to south:
* Shafter, Nevada (connection with the Union Pacific Railroad, former Western Pacific)
* Decoy
* Dolly Varden
* Mizpah
* Currie
* Goshute
* Greens
* Cherry Creek
* Schellbourne (Ray)
* Requa (Raiff)
* Warm Springs
* Steptoe
* Glenn
* McGill Junction
* J&M Spur
* Hiline Junction (Hi Line Junction)
* Mosier
* East Ely
* Ore Yard
* Calumet
* Tunnel 1
* Lane
* Keystone
* Lone Tree Road
* Ruth
* Sunshine
* Tripp Pit
* Riepetown
## Other sources
## InfoBox
BHP Nevada Railroad
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Ruth, Nevada |
| Reporting mark | BHP |
| Locale | Northern Nevada ShafterEly |
| Dates of operation | January 1996July 9, 1999 |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
|
36,521,193
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaca%C3%B6ren,_Ko%C3%A7arl%C4%B1
|
Karacaören, Koçarlı
|
Karacaören is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Koçarlı, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 150 (2022).
| 2023-07-24T12:06:54
|
# Karacaören, Koçarlı
**Karacaören** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Koçarlı, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 150 (2022).
## InfoBox
| Karacaören | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| KaracaörenLocation in TurkeyKaracaörenKaracaören (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°41′00″N 27°47′00″E / 37.6833°N 27.7833°E / 37.6833; 27.7833 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Aydın |
| District | Koçarlı |
| Population (2022) | 150 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
|
54,702,832
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Argentinos_Juniors_season
|
2017–18 Argentinos Juniors season
|
The 2017–18 season is Argentinos Juniors' 1st season back in the top-flight of Argentine football, following promotion from Primera B Nacional in 2016–17. The season covers the period from 1 August 2017 to 30 June 2018.
| 2024-03-31T05:32:37
|
# 2017–18 Argentinos Juniors season
The 2017–18 season is Argentinos Juniors' 1st season back in the top-flight of Argentine football, following promotion from Primera B Nacional in 2016–17. The season covers the period from 1 August 2017 to 30 June 2018.
## Current squad
*As of 22 August 2017*.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. Pos. Nation Player GK ARG Federico Lanzillotta GK ARG Leandro Finochietto GK ARG Lucas Chávez GK ARG Maximiliano Cavallotti DF ARG Agustín Alberione DF COL Juan Camilo Saiz *(on loan from Independiente Medellín)* DF ARG Enzo Ybañez DF ARG Gonzalo Piovi DF ARG Guillermo Benítez DF ARG Joaquín Laso DF URU Jonathan Sandoval DF ARG Kevin Mac Allister DF ARG Leonel Mosevich DF ARG Miguel Ángel Torrén DF ARG Nicolás Freire DF URU Sebastián Martínez | No. Pos. Nation Player MF ARG Alexis Mac Allister MF ARG Damián Batallini MF ARG Esteban Rolón MF ARG Ezequiel Ham MF ARG Facundo Barboza MF ARG Gastón Machín MF ARG Ignacio Méndez MF ARG Iván Colman MF ARG Leonardo Pisculichi MF ARG Nicolás González FW ARG Braian Romero FW ARG Esteban Rueda FW ARG Fabricio Lenci FW URU Javier Cabrera FW ARG Jonathan Cañete FW ARG Nahuel Barragán |
| --- | --- |
### Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. Pos. Nation Player MF ARG Francisco Solé *(at Brown until 30 June 2018)* FW ARG Lucas Cano *(at Felda United until 31 December 2017)* FW ARG Lautaro Mesa *(at Brown until 30 June 2018)* |
| --- |
## Transfers
### In
| Date | Pos. | Name | From | Fee |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 August 2017 | MF | Leonardo Pisculichi | Vitória | Undisclosed |
| 5 August 2017 | GK | Maximiliano Cavallotti | Gimnasia y Esgrima | Undisclosed |
| 16 August 2017 | FW | Jonathan Cañete | Independiente | Undisclosed |
### Out
| Date | Pos. | Name | To | Fee |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 August 2017 | DF | Juan Sabia | Libertad | Undisclosed |
### Loan in
| Date from | Date to | Pos. | Name | From |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 August 2017 | 30 June 2018 | DF | Juan Camilo Saiz | Independiente Medellín |
### Loan out
| Date from | Date to | Pos. | Name | To |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 August 2017 | 30 June 2018 | MF | Francisco Solé | Brown |
| 20 August 2017 | 30 June 2018 | FW | Lautaro Mesa | Brown |
## Friendlies
### Pre-season
Win Draw Loss
| 26 August 2017 Friendly | **Argentinos Juniors** | | **Villa Dálmine** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10:00 | | Report | | |
## Primera División
### League table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 | Unión | 27 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 33 | 23 | +10 | 43 | Qualification for Copa Sudamericana first stage |
| 11 | Colón | 27 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 32 | 22 | +10 | | 41 |
| 12 | Argentinos Juniors | 27 | 12 | 5 | 10 | 36 | 30 | +6 | | 41 |
| 13 | Belgrano | 27 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 29 | 28 | +1 | 40 | |
| 14 | Vélez Sarsfield | 27 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 31 | 32 | 1 | | 38 |
Source: AFA
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) play-off (only if needed to decide championship); 3) goal difference; 4) goals scored; 5) head-to-head points; 6) head-to-head goal difference; 7) head-to-head goals scored.
### Results by matchday
| Matchday | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | | H | | H | | H | | H | | H | | H | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Result | W | L | L | D | W | W | W | L | L | L | D | W | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Position | 12 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 21 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Updated to match(es) played on 12 December 2017. Source: Soccerway
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
| 8 October 2017 1 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **1–0** | **Chacarita Juniors** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 | N. González 27' | Report | | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Nicolás Lamolina (Argentina) |
| 9 September 2017 2 | **Patronato** | **2–1** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Paraná, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:05 | L. Márquez 37'<br>S. Ribas 74' | Report | B. Romero 12' | Stadium: Estadio Presbítero Bartolomé Grella<br>Referee: Juan Pompei (Argentina) |
| 16 September 2017 3 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **1–2** | **Belgrano** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:05 | N. González 18' | Report | E. García 34'<br>C. Lema 47' | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Hernán Mastrángelo (Argentina) |
| 24 September 2017 4 | **River Plate** | **1–1** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:05 | G. Martínez 18' (pen.) | Report | N. González 37' | Stadium: Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti<br>Referee: Diego Abal (Argentina) |
| 30 September 2017 5 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **2–0** | **Racing Club** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:05 | M. Quiroga 88'<br>L. Pisculichi 90+2' | Report | | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Mauro Vigliano (Argentina) |
| 14 October 2017 6 | **Rosario Central** | **1–3** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Rosario, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:05 | F. Zampedri 90+3' | Report | B. Romero 30', 82'<br>N. González 89' | Stadium: Estadio Gigante de Arroyito<br>Referee: Pablo Echavarría (Argentina) |
| 27 October 2017 7 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **3–2** | **Arsenal de Sarandí** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:05 | J. Sandoval 32'<br>D. Batallini 37'<br>L. Pisculichi 82' | Report | F. Monteseirín 6'<br>Mosquito 17' | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Ariel Penel (Argentina) |
| 5 November 2017 8 | **Estudiantes** | **1–0** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Quilmes, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:05 | J. Schunke 47' | Report | | Stadium: Estadio Centenario Dr. José Luis Meiszner<br>Referee: Pablo Echavarría (Argentina) |
| 17 November 2017 9 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **0–1** | **Colón** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | | Report | G. Ortiz 63' | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Nicolás Lamolina (Argentina) |
| 25 November 2017 10 | **San Lorenzo** | **1–0** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:15 | N. Blandi 10' | Report | | Stadium: Estadio Pedro Bidegain<br>Referee: Hernán Mastrángelo (Argentina) |
| 2 December 2017 11 | **Argentinos Juniors** | **2–2** | **Temperley** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | L. Pisculichi 67'<br>N. González 75' | Report | J. Sánchez Sotelo 20'<br>R. De Ciancio 85' | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona<br>Referee: Darío Herrera (Argentina) |
| 9 December 2017 12 | **Banfield** | **2–3** | **Argentinos Juniors** | Banfield, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | J. Carranza 27', 59' | Report | B. Romero 6', 69'<br>J. Cabrera 32' | Stadium: Estadio Florencio Sola<br>Referee: Andrés Merlos (Argentina) |
| January 2018 13 | **Argentinos Juniors** | | **San Martín** | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Report | | Stadium: Estadio Diego Armando Maradona |
## Copa Argentina
Win Draw Loss
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
1. Match was originally scheduled for 28 August 2017 before being postponed.
1. "Argentinos Juniors squad". *Soccerway*. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
2. "Argentinos Juniors transfers". *Soccerway*. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
3. "Reglamento del Campeonato de Primera División 2017–18" (PDF) (in Spanish). AFA.
4. "Reglamento General AFA" (PDF) (in Spanish). AFA.
5. "Superliga: Argentinos y Chacarita se ponen al día". *TyC Sports*. 8 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
## InfoBox
Argentinos Juniors
| 2017–18 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Cristian Malaspina |
| Manager | Alfredo Berti<br>(from 4 August 2017) |
| Stadium | Estadio Diego Armando Maradona |
| Primera División | **12th** |
| Copa Argentina | **Round of 16** |
| Top goalscorer | League: Two players (5)<br>All: Two players (5) |
| | |
|
50,590,866
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-inch/40-caliber_gun
|
4-inch/40-caliber gun
|
The 4″/40 caliber gun was used for the secondary batteries on the United States Navy's battleship Iowa, Columbia-class protected cruisers, and the armored cruiser New York, and was the primary batteries on the gunboats Nashville, Wilmington, and Helena.
| 2024-05-31T21:02:08
|
# 4-inch/40-caliber gun
The **4″/40 caliber gun** (spoken "four-inch-forty-caliber") was used for the secondary batteries on the United States Navy's battleship *Iowa*, *Columbia*-class protected cruisers, and the armored cruiser *New York*, and was the primary batteries on the gunboats *Nashville*, *Wilmington*, and *Helena*.
## Design
The 4-inch (102 mm) Mark 1 Mod 0 was a built-up gun constructed in a length of 40 caliber. The Mod 0 had a tube, jacket, and two hoops, hooped to 50 in (1,300 mm) from the muzzle, all of gun steel. All Mark 1s were fitted with slotted-screw breeches but were later refitted with Fletcher rapid-fire breeches. The Mark 1 was described in the 1902 handbook as the **M1889**. The Mod 1 was of similar construction as the Mark 1 Mod 0 but had a screw-box liner and chamber liner so that it could use fixed ammunition instead of bag like the Mod 0 with all Mark 1s having their chambers bored out to 5.7 in (140 mm) diameter with a liner inserted so they could all use fixed ammunition in 1900. All Mark 1, 2, and 3 guns, were mounted on rapid-fire recoil mounts.
The Mark 2 only consisted of two guns, Nos. 4 and 5. They were of similar construction as the Mark 1 but with the addition of a balancing hoop and the bore length being reduced to 157.5 in (4,000 mm) (39 caliber). They use a Driggs-Schroeder breech and were also an **M1889** gun. Gun No. 4, the first Mark 2, was completed in September 1890.
The Mark 3 Mod 0, **M1890**, would be the production version of the 4-inch/40 caliber bag gun with a total of 69 built in five Mods. The Mod 1 added a screw-box liner and chamber liner allowing it to use fixed ammunition along with only one hoop and a locking hoop and was hooped to within 52.5 in (1,330 mm) of the muzzle. Mod 2 was slightly heavier than the Mark 1 Mod 0 by 10 lb (4.5 kg) even with a 2.5 in (64 mm) shorter length, 39 caliber. The Mod 2 used fixed ammunitions with 500 psi (3,400 kPa) higher chamber pressure and balancing hoop. Mod 3s mounting threads on the barrel were in a different location and dimension from the Mod 2, other than this the two Mods were very similar. Mod 4 was a Mod 0 or 1 with a modified conical nickel-steel liner with a smaller chamber and the Mod 5 was a Mod 2 or 3 with the same liner as the Mod 4.
The Mark 4, also known as the **M1895** gun, was of an entirely new design intended to arm auxiliaries. It consisted of a tube, jacket, hoop, locking hoop, and faceplate with the Mod 1 being a Mod 0 but with a conical nickel-steel liner. The Mark 5 was almost the same as the Mark 4 just without the faceplate, with the Mod 1 also being a Mod 0 with a conical nickel-steel liner.
Mark 6, **M1895–1898**, were to be the last of the 40 caliber 4-inch guns. The Mark 6 Mod 0 only differed from the Mark 5 by its breech mechanism. Some of the Mark 6s had a muzzle bell and like the Mark 4s and 5s before, the Mod 1 was a Mod 0 with a conical nickel-steel liner. Contracts were given to American Ordnance Company for 21 guns, Nos. 145–164, and 212, and Bethlehem Steel for 20 guns, Nos. 163–179, 210, and 211. Obviously, guns No. 163 and 164 are listed for both companies, but it is not known at this time where the error lies.
The navy had five different mounts, Marks 2–4, 7 and 9, for the 4-inch/40. They were all single gun mounts with manual elevation and training. The Mark 2 and 3 where Central Pivot mounts with the Mark 3 being different from the Mark 2 in not having a directing bar, the training was by handwheel, the sights were located on the slide and it was non-recoiling, many of the Mark 2 mounts were converted to the Mark 3. The Mark 4, 7, and 9 were all Pedestal mountings. The cruiser that these were mounted on had continuous chain ammunition hoists that were electrically powered.
## Army coast artillery service
The United States Army Coast Artillery Corps adopted this weapon in very limited quantities. Four guns were acquired, with two each emplaced in Battery Plunkett at Fort Warren in the Harbor Defenses of Boston and in Battery White at Fort Washington in Maryland near Washington, D.C. The Army guns were designated **4-inch Navy gun M1896** and were designed by Driggs-Schroeder, on mounts built by the William Cramp & Sons shipyard of Philadelphia. It is unclear which Navy mark or model they corresponded to. Battery Plunkett was active 1899-1920, while Battery White was active 1899-1921. The guns were removed and Battery White's scrapped as part of general removal from service of weapons deployed in limited quantities in the 1920s. Battery Plunkett's guns were retained for display at Fort Warren through early World War II, but probably were donated to a scrap drive in that war.
## Bibliography
* "Battery Plunkett". FortWiki.com. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
* "Battery White". FortWiki.com. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
* Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). *American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide* (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
* Friedman, Norman (2011). *Naval Weapons of World War One*. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
* "United States of America 4″/40 (10.2 cm) Marks 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 4″/39 (10.2 cm) Mark 2". Navweaps. 12 February 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
## InfoBox
| 4″/40 caliber Marks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of USS *Iowa*, 4-inch gun and gunner. | |
| Type | |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1897—1945 |
| Used by | United States Navy |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Bureau of Ordnance |
| Manufacturer | |
| No. built | * Mark 1: 4 (Nos. 1–3, 6) * Mark 2: 2 (Nos. 4–5) * Mark 3: 69 (Nos. 7–69, 71, 73, 74, 82, 87) * Mark 4: 45 (Nos. 108–117, 180–209, 255 * Mark 5: 23 (Nos. 70, 72, 75–81, 83, 85, 86, 88–98) * Mark 6: 119 (Nos. 99–107, 118–179, 210–212, 256, 283–312, 339–352) |
| Variants | Marks 1 – 6 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | * **Mark 1**: 3,388 lb (1,537 kg) (without breech) * **Mark 2**: 3,398 lb (1,541 kg) (without breech) * **Mark 4**: 3,160 lb (1,430 kg) (with breech) * **Mark 5**: 3,100 lb (1,400 kg) (with breech) * **Mark 6**: 3,529 lb (1,601 kg) (with breech) |
| Length | * **Marks 1–3, 6**: 164 in (4.2 m) * **Marks 4–5**: 166.25 in (4.22 m) |
| Barrel length | * **Marks 1 and 3**: 160 in (4.1 m) bore (40 calibers) * **Marks 2**: 157.5 in (4.00 m) bore (39 calibers) * **Marks 4–6**: 164 in (4.2 m) bore (41 calibers) |
| --- | |
| Shell | 33 lb (15 kg) armor-piercing |
| Caliber | 4 in (102 mm) |
| Elevation | -15° to +20° |
| Traverse | −150° to +150° |
| Rate of fire | 8 – 9 round per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) |
| Effective firing range | 11,500 yd (10,500 m) at 31.2° elevation |
|
63,365,895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/38th_TVyNovelas_Awards
|
38th TVyNovelas Awards
|
The 38th TVyNovelas Awards is an academy of special awards to the best of telenovelas and TV series. The awards ceremony took place on October 31, 2020. The ceremony was televised in Mexico on Las Estrellas. Michelle Rodríguez and Jorge van Rankin hosted the ceremony. The finalists were announced on March 13, 2020. The first winners were also announced on March 13, 2020. The ceremony was originally to take place on March 29, 2020. Omar Chaparro was originally set to host. However, on March 13, the ceremony was postponed to a future date due to public health concerns regarding the international coronavirus pandemic. La usurpadora won 7 awards, the most for the evening including Best Telenovela of the Year. Among other winners are Vencer el miedo who won 4 awards, Ringo and Médicos won one award each.
| 2024-08-06T05:54:46
|
# 38th TVyNovelas Awards
The **38th TVyNovelas Awards** is an academy of special awards to the best of telenovelas and TV series. The awards ceremony took place on October 31, 2020. The ceremony was televised in Mexico on Las Estrellas. Michelle Rodríguez and Jorge van Rankin hosted the ceremony. The finalists were announced on March 13, 2020. The first winners were also announced on March 13, 2020.
The ceremony was originally to take place on March 29, 2020. Omar Chaparro was originally set to host. However, on March 13, the ceremony was postponed to a future date due to public health concerns regarding the international coronavirus pandemic.
*La usurpadora* won 7 awards, the most for the evening including Best Telenovela of the Year. Among other winners are *Vencer el miedo* who won 4 awards, *Ringo* and *Médicos* won one award each.
## Summary of awards and nominations
| Telenovela | Nominations | Awards |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Vencer el miedo* | 13 | 4 |
| *Ringo* | 12 | 1 |
| *La usurpadora* | 11 | 7 |
| *Cuna de lobos* | 8 | 0 |
| *Cita a ciegas* | 7 | 0 |
| *Médicos* | 6 | 1 |
| *La reina soy yo* | 5 | 0 |
| *Por amar sin ley* | 3 | 0 |
| *Soltero con hijas* | 3 | 0 |
| *El corazón nunca se equivoca* | 1 | 0 |
|
## Awards and nominees
Winners are listed first, highlighted in **boldface**.
### Telenovelas
| Best Telenovela of the Year | Best Original Story or Adaptation |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Best Actress | Best Actor |
| | |
| Best Antagonist Actress | Best Antagonist Actor |
| | |
| Best Leading Actress | Best Leading Actor |
| | |
| Best Co-lead Actress | Best Co-lead Actor |
| | |
| Best Direction | Best Direction of the Cameras |
| | |
| Best Musical Theme |
| |
|
### Others
| Best Drama Series | Best Comedy Series |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Best Actress in a Drama Series | Best Actor in a Drama Series |
| | |
| Best Actress in a Comedy Series | Best Actor in a Comedy Series |
| | |
| Best Female Host | Best Male Host |
| | |
| Best Unit Program | Best Reality |
| | |
| Best Entertainment Program | Best Program of Pay Television |
| * ***Me caigo de risa* \- Eduardo Suárez** | * ***Netas divinas* \- Miguel Ángel Fox** + *Con permiso* \- Yordi Rosado + *Consecuencias* \- Raquel Rocha + *Miembros al aire* \- Eduardo Suárez + *Terapia de shock* \- Raquel Rocha |
|
### Favoritos del público
"Favoritos del publico" are categories that the public votes for through the official website of the awards. The awards were presented by Erika Buenfil and Alexis Ayala.
| The Most Handsome Guy | The Most Beautiful Woman |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| The Most Handsome Villain | The Most Beautiful Villain |
| | |
| Favorite Couple | The Most Beautiful Smile |
| | |
| The Most Delicious Kiss | Slap of the Year |
| | |
| The Most Handsome Senior | Star Inflencer |
| | |
| Best Finale | Best Cast |
| | |
| Musical Release of the Year |
| |
## InfoBox
| 38th TVyNovelas Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | October 31, 2020 |
| Location | Mazatlán, Sinaloa |
| Hosted by | |
| Most awards | *La usurpadora* (7) |
| Most nominations | *Vencer el miedo* (13) |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | Las Estrellas |
|
|
20,902,541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st_parallel_south
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41st parallel south
|
The 41st parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 8 minutes during the December solstice and 9 hours, 13 minutes during the June solstice.
| 2024-09-27T13:54:29
|
# 41st parallel south
41°class=notpageimage|41st parallel south
The **41st parallel south** is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 8 minutes during the December solstice and 9 hours, 13 minutes during the June solstice.
## Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 41° south passes through:
| Coordinates | Country, territory or ocean | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 41°0′S 0°0′E / 41.000°S 0.000°E / -41.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) | Atlantic Ocean | |
| 41°0′S 20°0′E / 41.000°S 20.000°E / -41.000; 20.000 (Indian Ocean) | Indian Ocean | |
| 41°0′S 144°37′E / 41.000°S 144.617°E / -41.000; 144.617 (Australia) | Australia | Tasmania |
| 41°0′S 145°45′E / 41.000°S 145.750°E / -41.000; 145.750 (Bass Strait) | Indian Ocean | Bass Strait |
| 41°0′S 146°59′E / 41.000°S 146.983°E / -41.000; 146.983 (Australia) | Australia | Tasmania |
| 41°0′S 148°20′E / 41.000°S 148.333°E / -41.000; 148.333 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Tasman Sea |
| 41°0′S 172°6′E / 41.000°S 172.100°E / -41.000; 172.100 (New Zealand) | New Zealand | South Island |
| 41°0′S 173°0′E / 41.000°S 173.000°E / -41.000; 173.000 (Tasman Bay) | Pacific Ocean | Tasman Bay |
| 41°0′S 173°45′E / 41.000°S 173.750°E / -41.000; 173.750 (New Zealand) | New Zealand | South Island |
| 41°0′S 174°13′E / 41.000°S 174.217°E / -41.000; 174.217 (Cook Strait) | Pacific Ocean | Cook Strait |
| 41°0′S 174°56′E / 41.000°S 174.933°E / -41.000; 174.933 (New Zealand) | New Zealand | Wellington Region, North Island |
| 41°0′S 176°7′E / 41.000°S 176.117°E / -41.000; 176.117 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | |
| 41°0′S 73°56′W / 41.000°S 73.933°W / -41.000; -73.933 (Chile) | Chile | Los Lagos Region – passing through Llanquihue Lake (at 41°0′S 72°50′W / 41.000°S 72.833°W / -41.000; -72.833 (Llanquihue)) |
| 41°0′S 71°52′W / 41.000°S 71.867°W / -41.000; -71.867 (Argentina) | Argentina | Neuquén Province – passing through Nahuel Huapi Lake (at 41°0′S 71°32′W / 41.000°S 71.533°W / -41.000; -71.533 (Nahuel Huapi LAke))<br>Río Negro Province |
| 41°0′S 65°11′W / 41.000°S 65.183°W / -41.000; -65.183 (Atlantic Ocean) | Atlantic Ocean | San Matías Gulf |
| 41°0′S 64°14′W / 41.000°S 64.233°W / -41.000; -64.233 (Argentina) | Argentina | Río Negro Province |
| 41°0′S 62°38′W / 41.000°S 62.633°W / -41.000; -62.633 (Atlantic Ocean) | Atlantic Ocean | |
|
8,328,424
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41xx_steel
|
41xx steel
|
41xx steel is a family of SAE steel grades, as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Alloying elements include chromium and molybdenum, and as a result these materials are often informally referred to as chromoly steel. They have an excellent strength to weight ratio and are considerably stronger and harder than standard 1020 steel, but are not easily welded, requiring thermal treatment both before and after welding to avoid cold cracking. While these grades of steel do contain chromium, it is not in great enough quantities to provide the corrosion resistance found in stainless steel. Examples of applications for 4130, 4140, and 4145 include structural tubing, bicycle frames, gas bottles for transportation of pressurized gases, firearm parts, clutch and flywheel components, and roll cages. 4150 stands out as being one of the steels accepted for use in M16 rifle and M4 carbine barrels by the United States military. These steels are also used in aircraft parts and therefore 41xx grade structural tubing is sometimes referred to as "aircraft tubing".
| 2024-09-22T15:33:09
|
# 41xx steel
**41xx steel** is a family of SAE steel grades, as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Alloying elements include chromium and molybdenum, and as a result these materials are often informally referred to as **chromoly** steel (common variant stylings include *chrome-moly*, *cro-moly*, *CrMo*, *CRMO*, *CR-MOLY*, and similar). They have an excellent strength to weight ratio and are considerably stronger and harder than standard 1020 steel, but are not easily welded, requiring thermal treatment both before and after welding to avoid cold cracking.
While these grades of steel do contain chromium, it is not in great enough quantities to provide the corrosion resistance found in stainless steel.
Examples of applications for 4130, 4140, and 4145 include structural tubing, bicycle frames, gas bottles for transportation of pressurized gases, firearm parts, clutch and flywheel components, and roll cages. 4150 stands out as being one of the steels accepted for use in M16 rifle and M4 carbine barrels by the United States military. These steels are also used in aircraft parts and therefore 41xx grade structural tubing is sometimes referred to as "aircraft tubing".
## Properties
Alloy composition by weight (%)
| SAE grade | Cr | Mo | | Mn | , max. | , max. | Si |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4118 | 0.40–0.60 | 0.08–0.15 | 0.18–0.23 | 0.70–0.90 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4120 | 0.40–0.60 | 0.13–0.20 | 0.18–0.23 | 0.90–1.20 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4121 | 0.45–0.65 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.18–0.23 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4130 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.28–0.33 | 0.40–0.60 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4135 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.33–0.38 | 0.70–0.90 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4137 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.35–0.40 | 0.70–0.90 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4140 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.38–0.43 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4142 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.40–0.45 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4145 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.43–0.48 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4147 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.45–0.50 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4150 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.48–0.53 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| 4161 | 0.70–0.90 | 0.25–0.35 | 0.56–0.64 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15–0.35 |
| | | | | | | | |
Mechanical properties
| Material | Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation at fracture, <br>2-inch gauge \[%\] | Hardness, <br>Rockwell |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4130 | Cold drawn, normalized | 85–110 ksi (590–760 MPa) | 70–85 ksi (480–590 MPa) | 20–30 | B 90–96 |
| 4142 | Hot rolled, annealed | 90–100 ksi (620–690 MPa) | 60–70 ksi (410–480 MPa) | 20–30 | B 90–95 |
| | Cold drawn, annealed | 105–120 ksi (720–830 MPa) | 85–95 ksi (590–660 MPa) | 15–25 | B 96–100 |
| 4150 | Hot rolled, annealed | 90–110 ksi (620–760 MPa) | 65–75 ksi (450–520 MPa) | 20–30 | B 90–96 |
## Other characteristics
One of the characteristics of this class of steel is the ability to be case hardened by carburization of the surface. The core of the material retains its bulk properties, while the outer surface is significantly hardened to reduce wear and tear. This makes this grade of steel an excellent material for uses such as gears, piston pins, and crankshafts.
## 4140 Steel
4140 Steel (Quenched and Tempered) Mechanical Properties
| Diameter | d ≤ 16 | 16 \< d ≤ 40 | 40 \< d ≤ 100 | 100 \< d ≤ 160 | 160 \< d ≤ 250 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Thickness | t ≤ 8 | 8 \< t ≤ 20 | 20 \< t ≤ 60 | 60 \< t ≤ 100 | 100 \< t ≤ 160 |
| Tensile Strength | 160–190 ksi (1,100–1,300 MPa) | 150–170 ksi (1,000–1,200 MPa) | 130–160 ksi (900–1,100 MPa) | 116–138 ksi (800–950 MPa) | 109–131 ksi (750–900 MPa) |
| Yield Strength (Min) | 130 ksi (900 MPa) | 109 ksi (750 MPa) | 94 ksi (650 MPa) | 80 ksi (550 MPa) | 73 ksi (500 MPa) |
| Elongation (% Min) | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Reduction (% Min) | 40 | 45 | 50 | 50 | 55 |
| Impact Strength (J) ≥ | - | 26 ft⋅lbf (35 J) | 26 ft⋅lbf (35 J) | 26 ft⋅lbf (35 J) | 26 ft⋅lbf (35 J) |
1. Metals, Online. "Online Metal Store | Small Quantity Metal Orders | Metal Cutting, Sales & Shipping | Buy Steel, Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless | Metal Product Guides at OnlineMetals.com". *www.onlinemetals.com*. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
2. *Central Steel & Wire Company Catalog* (2006–2008 ed.), p. 246. Note: "For bar products; plate, sheet and tubing may be slightly different."
3. *Central Steel & Wire Company Catalog* (2006–2008 ed.), p. 260.
4. "4140 Steel". *steel-bar.com*. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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44,413,629
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_Artillery_(United_States)
|
3rd Infantry Division Artillery (United States)
|
The 3rd Infantry Division Artillery (DIVARTY) is the divisional artillery command for the 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. The DIVARTY has served with the division in World Wars I and II, the Korean War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and in peacetime at Fort Stewart and Germany. The DIVARTY was inactivated in 2004 as part of transformation to modular brigade combat teams, but was reactivated on 17 October 2014 to provide fire support coordination and mission command for the training and readiness of Field Artillery units across the division.
| 2024-06-07T18:29:19
|
# 3rd Infantry Division Artillery (United States)
The **3rd Infantry Division Artillery** (DIVARTY) is the divisional artillery command for the 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. The DIVARTY has served with the division in World Wars I and II, the Korean War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and in peacetime at Fort Stewart and Germany. The DIVARTY was inactivated in 2004 as part of transformation to modular brigade combat teams, but was reactivated on 17 October 2014 to provide fire support coordination and mission command for the training and readiness of Field Artillery units across the division.
## History
### World War I
The 3rd Field Artillery Brigade was constituted in the Regular Army as part of the 3rd Division (later 3rd Infantry Division) on 12 November 1917, and organized at Camp Stanley, Texas, on 26 November 1917. Besides the headquarters, the brigade’s initial units were the 10th Field Artillery Regiment, stationed at Fort Douglas, Utah, with 24 75 mm guns; the 76th Field Artillery Regiment, at Fort Bliss, Texas, with 24 75 mm guns; the 18th Field Artillery Regiment, with 24 155 mm howitzers at Fort Ethan Allen Vermont; and the 3rd Trench Mortar Battery, with 12 6-inch trench mortars. The 3rd Division was never concentrated at a single location before departure to France. After sailing to France in March and April 1918, the units of 3rd Field Artillery Brigade began training at Camp Coetquidan, France
### World War II
#### Pentomic
On 1 July 1957, the DIVARTY reorganized under the pentomic organization. The pentomic DIVARTY organized with a direct support 105mm battalion (1st Howitzer Battalion, 10th Artillery), with five firing batteries to support the divisions five battle groups and a composite general support battalion (1st FA Battalion, 9th Artillery), with two 155 mm howitzer batteries of six guns, a four gun battery of 8-inch howitzers, and an Honest John rocket battery with two launchers.
In April 1958, the 3rd Infantry Division rotated to Germany under Operation Gyroscope, replacing the DIVARTY of the 10th Infantry Division at Kitzingen, West Germany.
On 1 April 1960, the DIVARTY was reorganized with a five composite 105mm/155mm direct support battalions (one for each battle group; three towed and two self-propelled) with the composite general support battalion consisting of 8-inch howitzers and Honest John rockets. The DIVARTY's new direct support battalions were 1st Howitzer Battalion (Self-Propelled), 10th Artillery; 6th Howitzer Battalion, 18th Artillery; 2nd Howitzer Battalion (Self-Propelled), 39th Artillery; 2nd Howitzer Battalion, 41st Artillery; 3rd Howitzer Battalion, 76th Artillery.
#### ROAD
In August 1963, the DIVARTY reorganized under the Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD) organization. The DIVARTY now fielded three DS battalions (one for each of the division's three brigades) equipped with self-propelled 105 mm howitzers (1st Bn, 10th Arty; 2nd Bn, 39th Arty; 2nd Bn, 41st Arty), a composite 155mm and 8-inch general support howitzer battalion (3rd Bn, 76th Arty), and an Honest John rocket battalion (1st Bn, 9th Arty). By 1965, the M108 self-propelled 105 mm howitzers in the DS battalions had been replaced with 155mm M109 howitzers.
In 1972, the 3rd Bn, 76th FA reflagged as the 1st Bn, 76th FA.
In the 1970s, as a result of increasing weapons capability and unit zones, the DIVARTY activated a target acquisition battery. In 1984, this battery was designated Battery A, 25th Field Artillery.
In 1987, as part of the conversion to the "Army of Excellence" organization, 1-76 FA was reorganized and redesignated as Battery A, 76th FA. The division lost its 8-in howitzers, and retained a single firing battery of \[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System|MLRS\].
In 1988, the DIVARTY reflagged 1st Bn, 10th FA and 2nd Bn, 39th FA as 5th and 6th Bns, 41st FA, grouping three battalions from the 41st FA in the DIVARTY. The separate target acquisition and MLRS batteries retained different regimental lineages.
### Post Cold War. In 1990 2-41 deployed to Desert Shield from Bad Kissengen Germany
In 1991, the DIVARTY deployed 2-41 FA and 6-41 FA to Saudi Arabia to participate in Operation Desert Storm. As a result of force reductions following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the DIVARTY inactivated two battalions (2-41 FA and 6-41 FA in 1991). In return, 6-1 FA (from 1st Armored Division) and 3-35 FA (from 72nd FA Brigade) were attached to the division. When 3-1 FA returned from Operation Desert Storm, it was also attached to the division. In 1992, 2-14 FA (MLRS) was attached to the division from V Corps Artillery. A/76 FA, the division's MLRS battery, was inactivated and its personnel and equipment used to form one of the batteries in 2-14 FA. 3-35 FA was also inactivated as part of continuing force reductions. A/25 FA was reassigned to V Corps Artillery, with B/25 FA reassigned from 1st Armored Division as its replacement In 1994, 6-1 FA inactivated as part of continuing US force reductions in Germany. In 1995, 2-14 FA was inactivated, and A/76 FA activated as a separate MLRS battery for the division.
On 15–16 February 1996, the DIVARTY was involved in a complicated reflagging action involving three divisions. As part of finalizing the designations of the reduced 10 division force, the Germany-based units of 3rd Infantry Division were reflagged to 1st Infantry Division (1st ID): HHB, 3rd Infantry Division Artillery as HHB, 1st Infantry Division Artillery; 3-1 FA was inactivated, with its personnel and equipment used to activate 1st Bn, 6th FA (1st ID); and 5-41 FA was inactivated, with its personnel and equipment used to activate 1st Bn, 7th FA (1st ID). Btry A, 76th FA and Btry B, 25th FA were simultaneously reassigned to the 1st ID. At the same time, the Georgia-based units of the 24th ID were reflagged to 3rd ID units: HHB, 24th Infantry Division Artillery as HHB, 3rd Infantry Division Artillery; 1st Bn, 41st FA reassigned to the 3rd ID at Fort Steward, GA; 3rd Bn, 41st FA reflagged as 1st Bn, 9th FA, at Fort Stewart; and 4th Bn, 41st FA, reflagged as 1st Bn, 10th FA, at Fort Benning, GA. Battery G (TAB), 333rd FA at Fort Stewart was reflagged as Btry A (TAB), 39th FA. In addition, the three battalions and TAB battery, Btry A, 13th FA was reassigned to the 3rd ID.
## Lineage and honors
### Lineage
* Constituted 12 November 1917 in the Regular Army as Headquarters, 3d Field Artillery Brigade, and assigned to the 3d Division
* Organized 26 November 1917 at Camp Stanley, Texas
* Disbanded 16 October 1939 at Fort Lewis, Washington
* Reconstituted 1 October 1940 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3d Division Artillery, and activated at Fort Lewis, Washington
* Redesignated 1 July 1957 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3d Infantry Division Artillery
### Campaign participation credit
* World War I: Champagne-Marne; Aisne-Marne; St. Mihiel; Meuse-Argonne; Champagne 1918
* World War II: Tunisia; Sicily (with arrowhead); Naples-Foggia; Anzio (with arrowhead); Rome-Arno; Southern France (with arrowhead); Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe
* Korean War: CCF Intervention; First UN Counteroffensive; CCF Spring Offensive; UN Summer-Fall Offensive; Second Korean Winter; Korea, Summer-Fall 1952; Third Korean Winter; Korea, Summer 1953
### Decorations
* Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for COLMAR
* French Croix de Guerre with Palm for COLMAR
* French Croix de Guerre, World War II, Fourragere
* Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for UIJONGBU CORRIDOR
* Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for IRON TRIANGLE
* Chryssoun Aristion Andrias (Gold Cross of Valour of Greece) for KOREA
## Heraldry
### Distinctive unit insignia
#### Description/Blazon
A red triangle with one point down charged with five gold fleurs-de-lis, three and two, superimposed upon a gold circular bend bearing the motto "FULFILL YOUR MISSION" in black. The insignia is 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter.
#### Symbolism
The three points of the triangle are indicative of the numerical designation of the unit and also, of the 3rd Division to which the organization is assigned. The five fleurs-de-lis symbolize the major engagements in which the unit participated in World War I.
#### Background
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3rd Field Artillery Brigade on 4 February 1930. It was redesignated for Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3rd Infantry Division Artillery on 29 April 1952.
## InfoBox
| 3rd Infantry Division Artillery | |
| --- | --- |
| Distinctive unit insignia | |
| Country | United States of America |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Type | Field artillery |
| Role | Division force fires HQ |
| Size | Brigade |
| Part of | 3rd Infantry Division |
| Garrison/HQ | Fort Stewart, Georgia |
| Nickname(s) | Marne Thunder |
| Website | http://www.stewart.army.mil/units/home.asp?u=DIVARTY |
| Commanders | |
| Current<br>commander | COL William “Lee” Davis |
| Command Sergeant Major | CSM James M. McGuffey |
|
72,205,435
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_International_Emmy_Kids_Awards
|
3rd International Emmy Kids Awards
|
The 3rd International Emmy Kids Awards ceremony, presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), took place on February 20, 2015 in New York City. The nominations were announced on October 8, 2014.
| 2022-11-11T11:42:44
|
# 3rd International Emmy Kids Awards
The **3rd International Emmy Kids Awards** ceremony, presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), took place on February 20, 2015 in New York City. The nominations were announced on October 8, 2014.
## Ceremony information
Nominations for the 3rd International Emmy Kids Awards were announced on October 8, 2014 by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS). The winners were announced on February 20, 2015 at a ceremony in New York City. The winners spanned series from Chile, France, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
## Winners
| Kids: Animation | Kids: Preschool |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Kids: Series | Kids: TV Movie/Mini-Series |
| | * ***Alles mag* \- ( Netherlands) - (BIND/VPRO)** + *Against the Wild* \- ( Canada) - (Against The Wild Films) + *The Devil with the three Golden Hairs* \- ( Germany) - (Bavaria Film/ARD/SWR) |
| Kids: Non-Scripted Entertainment | Kids: Factual |
| | * ***¿Con qué sueñas?* \- ( Chile) - (Mi Chica Producciones/CNTV/TVN)** + *Heart & Soul* \- ( Australia) - (1440 Productions) + *Snoffe, döden och jag* \- ( Sweden) - (Dokumentärministeriet/SVT) + *Think like a Crow! - The Scientific method* \- ( Japan) - (NHK) |
|
## InfoBox
| 3rd International Emmy Kids Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Date | * February 20, 2015 (2015-02-20) |
| Location | Pier 60, Chelsea Piers, New York City, NY |
|
|
47,562,664
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3000_Nights
|
3000 Nights
|
3000 Nights is a 2015 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Mai Masri. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film focuses on a Palestinian woman, who whilst in jail, gives birth to a son. It was selected as the Jordanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.
| 2024-06-15T02:22:27
|
# 3000 Nights
***3000 Nights*** is a 2015 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Mai Masri. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film focuses on a Palestinian woman, who whilst in jail, gives birth to a son. It was selected as the Jordanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.
## Plot
Layal is a young schoolteacher who lives with her husband, Farid in the occupied West Bank town of Nablus, Palestine. They are preparing to leave for Canada in search of a new life when Layal is arrested and falsely accused of helping a teenage boy suspected of attacking a military checkpoint. When she refuses to testify against the boy in court, Layal is charged with being an accomplice and sentenced to 8 years in prison despite the staunch defense put up by her human rights defense lawyer.
Layal is transferred to a high-security Israeli women's prison where she encounters a terrifying world in which Palestinian political prisoners are incarcerated with Israeli criminal inmates. After witnessing a fierce confrontation between the two sides and being attacked by a female drug addict, Layal discovers that she is pregnant. Her husband does not want her to have their child in prison and tells her that he is leaving for Canada. The prison director, Ruti pressures Layal to abort the baby and spy on the Palestinian inmates. Traumatized and betrayed, Layal hits rock bottom but with the support of the women around her, she finds the strength to stand up for herself and fight to have her child.
Layal goes into labour and is taken in chains to a military hospital where she gives birth to a baby boy she names Nour. As she struggles to raise her son behind bars, she manages to find a sense of hope and a meaning to her life. At the infirmary in the men's section of the penitentiary, she meets Ayman, an imprisoned Palestinian doctor who helps her cope and find love again.
Prison conditions deteriorate and the Palestinian women decide to launch a major hunger strike. Ruti warns Layal against joining the strike and threatens to take Nour away. Rihan, a Palestinian inmate who is secretly working with the prison authorities, urges Layal to collaborate with Ruti. Layal is terrified of losing her son but in a moment of truth overcomes her fear and joins the strike. The guards are sent in to take Nour from her by force. Layal barricades herself with the women inside their cells. Armed soldiers in gas masks storm the prison and subdue the women with clubs and tear gas. Ayman and the male prisoners join the rebellion. The news hits the headlines. The women succeed in realizing their demands and several prisoners are released but Layal is not among them. She is condemned to serve her full prison term. She must find the strength to fight for herself, her child, and the day they will be reunited.
## Cast
## Reception
The film received generally positive reviews, with the Middle East Eye calling it "is an unforgettable human portrait of a group of Palestinian women in Israel’s Ramla prison in the 1980s." In the London Film Festival, the film received a positive reception, with many in the audience in tears.
## InfoBox
| 3000 Nights | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Mai Masri |
| Written by | Mai Masri |
| Starring | Maisa Abd Elhadi |
| Edited by | Michèle Tyan |
| Distributed by | Cinema Politica (Canada) |
| Release date | * 12 September 2015 (2015-09-12) (TIFF) |
| Countries | Palestine<br>France<br>Jordan<br>Lebanon |
| Languages | Arabic<br>Hebrew |
|
25,922,931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/556th_Strategic_Missile_Squadron
|
556th Strategic Missile Squadron
|
The 556th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 820th Strategic Aerospace Division at Plattsburgh Air Force Base, New York, where it was inactivated in 1965 with the withdrawal of the Atlas missile from operations. The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 556th Bombardment Squadron, a Martin B-26 Marauder unit. After training in the southeastern United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it conducted operations until April 1945, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation during the Battle of the Bulge. Following V-E Day the squadron remained in Europe until the fall of 1945, returning to the United States for inactivation in November. The squadron became a missile unit in 1957, when it conducted tests with the SM-62 Snark in Florida. Later moving to Maine as an operational unit, it was inactivated in 1959 when Strategic Air Command reorganized its Snark missile wing. The squadron was activated again and equipped with the SM-65F Atlas Intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence. It was the only ICBM squadron east of the Mississippi River. The squadron was inactivated as part of the phaseout of the Atlas ICBM on 25 June 1965.
| 2024-02-09T15:09:18
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# 556th Strategic Missile Squadron
The **556th Strategic Missile Squadron** is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 820th Strategic Aerospace Division at Plattsburgh Air Force Base, New York, where it was inactivated in 1965 with the withdrawal of the Atlas missile from operations.
The squadron was first activated during World War II as the **556th Bombardment Squadron**, a Martin B-26 Marauder unit. After training in the southeastern United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it conducted operations until April 1945, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation during the Battle of the Bulge. Following V-E Day the squadron remained in Europe until the fall of 1945, returning to the United States for inactivation in November.
The squadron became a missile unit in 1957, when it conducted tests with the SM-62 Snark in Florida. Later moving to Maine as an operational unit, it was inactivated in 1959 when Strategic Air Command reorganized its Snark missile wing. The squadron was activated again and equipped with the SM-65F Atlas Intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence. It was the only ICBM squadron east of the Mississippi River. The squadron was inactivated as part of the phaseout of the Atlas ICBM on 25 June 1965.
## History
### World War II
The **556th Bombardment Squadron** was activated at MacDill Field, Florida on 1 December 1942 as one of the four squadrons of the 387th Bombardment Group and trained at bases in the southeastern United States with Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers until June 1943, when it deployed to the European Theater of Operations. The squadron's ground echelon departed for the port of embarkation on 10 June and sailed on the RMS *Queen Mary* on 23 June, while the air echelon ferried its Marauders to England via the northern ferrying route.
The squadron established itself at its first base in Europe, RAF Chipping Ongar at the beginning of July 1943. Although the squadron initially trained for low level attacks, VIII Air Support Command, in consultation with the Royal Air Force, decided to employ its B-26 units in attacks at medium altitude, mirroring a decision made earlier in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. The squadron flew its first combat mission on 15 August, with initial operations focusing on German airfields near the coast of France, in an effort to force the Luftwaffe to withdraw its interceptors from the coastal belt, reducing their effectiveness against heavy bombers passing through on their way to strike targets deeper in occupied Europe. By early September, the squadron adopted a tactic first employed by the 386th Bombardment Group, where all bombers in a formation dropped their bombs based on the lead aircraft, rather than individually, to achieve a greater concentration of bombs on the intended target. September 1943 would prove the busiest while the squadron was part of Eighth Air Force as B-26s made heavy attacks on airfields and communications sites near Boulogne as part of Operation Starkey, an attempt to make the Germans believe an invasion of France was imminent. On 9 October 1943, the squadron flew what would prove to be the last B-26 mission flown by Eighth Air Force.
In October, Ninth Air Force moved to England to take over tactical operations operating from England, building on the core of B-26 units already there. During the winter of 1943-1944, the squadron made numerous attacks on V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket sites. During Big Week, the squadron attacked Leeuwarden and Venlo Airfields. In the spring of 1944, the squadron attacked coastal defenses and bridges prior to Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. On D-Day, it attacked targets along the coast, and supported ground forces during June 1944 by attacking line of communication targets and fuel dumps. In late July, the squadron supported Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo. During August, it attacked German forces at Brest, France.
The squadron moved to France in September, when it began operations from Maupertuis Airfield. For the rest of the war, it operated from Advanced Landing Grounds in Europe, advancing eastward with Allied ground forces. Its operations from advanced fields permitted its first attacks directly on targets in Germany by the fall of 1944. During the Battle of the Bulge, it attacked strongly defended communications and transportation targets at Mayen and Pruem, for which it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation. It continued to support the Allied advance into Germany, flying its last combat mission in April 1945.
After V-E Day the squadron moved to Rosieres-en-Santerre Airfield, France, where it remained until returning to the United States for inactivation in November 1945.
### Missile operations
#### Snark missiles
The squadron was redesignated the **556th Strategic Missile Squadron** and activated at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida in December 1957 and was assigned directly to Strategic Air Command (SAC). Air Research and Development Command (ARDC) had been test launching the Snark at Patrick since November 1952, although the first full range test of an operationally configured Snark did not occur until October 1957. The squadron was not only SAC's first Snark squadron, it was SAC's first missile squadron. The squadron was responsible for training Snark crews and cooperating with ARDC in conducting test launches of the Snark.
In 1959, SAC activated the 702d Strategic Missile Wing at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine to be the operational headquarters for its Snark missiles. The squadron was assigned to the 702d Wing in April and began moving to Presque Isle on 9 July. However, SAC decided to assign Snark missile and maintenance functions directly to the wing, and the squadron was inactivated a week later before it could complete its move to Maine.
#### Atlas missiles
The squadron was organized at Plattsburgh Air Force Base, New York in October 1961. The squadron was the last SM-65F Atlas squadron to be activated and with its activation all Atlas squadrons were organized. The squadron was assigned twelve missiles, based in twelve independent launch sites. The 556th was the only Atlas ICBM squadron east of the Mississippi River. The Atlas F was the final and most advanced version of the Atlas ICBM and was stored in a vertical position inside underground concrete and steel silos. When stored, the Atlas F sat atop an elevator. If a missile was placed on alert, it was fueled with RP-1 (kerosene) liquid fuel, which could be stored inside the missile for extended periods. If a decision was made to launch the missile, the liquid oxygen tank was filled and ít was raised to the surface. The launch would occur shortly after completion of this process. The exposure on the surface that this procedure entailed was the great weakness of the Atlas F. It was exposed and vulnerable during this time. Titan II and Minuteman missiles could be launched from within their silos, thereby eliminating this vulnerability. Also, since the Titan did not use a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, and the Minuteman was a solid fuel rocket, they could be stored fully fueled and ready to launch within a few minutes.
The squadron operated twelve missile sites with one missile at each site.
556–1 5.2 mi W of Rouses Point, NY 45°00′04″N 073°28′18″W / 45.00111°N 73.47167°W / 45.00111; -73.47167 (556-1) 556–2 1.0 mi E of Alburg, VT 44°59′14″N 073°17′18″W / 44.98722°N 73.28833°W / 44.98722; -73.28833 (556-2) 556–3 1.3 mi SSW of Swanton, VT 44°54′08″N 073°08′17″W / 44.90222°N 73.13806°W / 44.90222; -73.13806 (556-3) 556–4 6.4 mi S of Willsboro Point, NY 44°20′33″N 073°22′11″W / 44.34250°N 73.36972°W / 44.34250; -73.36972 (556-4) 556–5 8.2 mi NNE of Elizabethtown, NY 44°19′55″N 073°33′13″W / 44.33194°N 73.55361°W / 44.33194; -73.55361 (556-5) 556–6 2.1 mi NE of Au Sable Forks, NY 44°27′36″N 073°38′33″W / 44.46000°N 73.64250°W / 44.46000; -73.64250 (556-6) 556–7 4.1 mi E of Loon Lake, NY 44°32′48″N 073°58′33″W / 44.54667°N 73.97583°W / 44.54667; -73.97583 (556-7) 556–8 6.6 mi WSW of Saranac, NY 44°36′04″N 073°51′24″W / 44.60111°N 73.85667°W / 44.60111; -73.85667 (556-8) 556–9 5.9 mi NW of Dannemora, NY 44°46′15″N 073°49′20″W / 44.77083°N 73.82222°W / 44.77083; -73.82222 (556-9) 556–10 7.3 mi SE of Chateaugay, NY 44°50′36″N 073°59′17″W / 44.84333°N 73.98806°W / 44.84333; -73.98806 (556-10) 556–11 14.0 mi WNW of Ellenburg, NY 44°54′44″N 073°49′04″W / 44.91222°N 73.81778°W / 44.91222; -73.81778 (556-11) 556–12 10.7 mi WNW of Mooers, NY 44°58′05″N 073°38′01″W / 44.96806°N 73.63361°W / 44.96806; -73.63361 (556-12)
The first missile arrived in April 1962. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, on 20 October 1962, SAC directed that the squadron's missiles that had been received but were not yet on alert be placed on alert status "as covertly as possible." Training was suspended and missiles being used for operational training were to be placed on alert as soon as liquid oxygen became available. The squadron's training for the increased alert was greatly accelerated, but it became clear that the alert status of the unit would be degraded without additional crews. Only two squadron missiles were on alert at the beginning of the crisis, which soon increased to seven, with more missiles being brought on line and turned over to SAC. Four crews from the 577th Strategic Missile Squadron at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma and four from the 551st Strategic Missile Squadron at Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska were deployed to augment the squadron, along with an instructor crew from the 576th Strategic Missile Squadron at Vandenberg to fully train the 556th's crews and assist with maintaining its missiles.
From 3 November the number of alert missiles was reduced until on 29 November the number was the same as before the crisis. As tensions eased, on 15 November normal training resumed. On 20 December, the squadron was declared operational, completing SAC's deployment of the Atlas F missile.
Secretary of Defense Robert MacNamara had earlier directed that early model Atlas missiles be removed from the nuclear deterrent force. In November 1964, he announced that the Atlas F would also be phased out by the end of June 1965 in Project Added Effort. As the phase out progressed, the squadron became nonoperational on 1 May and was inactivated on 25 June 1965.
## Lineage
* Constituted as the **556 Bombardment Squadron** (Medium) on 25 November 1942
Activated on 1 December 1942 Redesignated **556 Bombardment Squadron**, Medium on 9 October 1944 Inactivated on 12 November 1945 * Redesignated **556th Strategic Missile Squadron** on 22 November 1957
Activated on 15 December 1957 * Redesignated **556th Strategic Missile Squadron** (ICM-Snark) on 1 April 1958
Inactivated on 16 July 1959 * Redesignated **556th Strategic Missile Squadron** (ICBM-Atlas) and activated on 26 April 1961 (not organized)
Organized on 1 October 1961 Inactivated on 25 June 1965
### Assignments
* 387th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 12 November 1945
* Strategic Air Command, 15 December 1957
* 702d Strategic Missile Wing, 1 April–16 July 1959
* Strategic Air Command, 26 April 1961 (not organized)
* 820th Air Division (later 820th Strategic Aerospace Division), 1 October 1961
* 380th Strategic Aerospace Wing, 15 September 1964 – 25 June 1965
### Stations
### Aircraft and missiles
* Martin B-26 Marauder, 1942–1945
* Northrop SM-62 Snark, 1958–1959
* General Dynamics SM-65F (later HGM-16F) Atlas, 1962–1964
### Awards and campaigns
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Presidential Unit Citation | Germany 23 December 1944 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Air Offensive, Europe | 1 July 1943 – 5 June 1944 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| | Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| | Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| | Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| | Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
| | Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 556th Bombardment Squadron |
### Notes
Explanatory notes Citations 1. Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*, pp. 657-658
2. Watkins, pp. 74-75
3. Maurer, *Combat Units*, pp. 274-275
4. Freeman, p. 254
5. Freeman, pp. 59-60
6. Freeman, p. 60
7. Freeman, p. 62
8. SAC Missile Chronology, pp. 8, 14
9. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 15
10. Ravenstein, p. 292
11. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 21
12. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 32
13. Kipp, *et al*., p. 75
14. Kipp, *et al*., pp. 62-63, 66, 70-71
15. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 37
16. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 38
17. Ravenstein, pp. 205-206
18. *See* Mueller, p. 478 (Parenthetical designation)
19. Lineage information, including assignments and stations, through March 1963 in Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*, pp. 657-658, except as noted.
20. *See* Ravenstein, pp. 205-206 (end of assignment to 380th Wing), Mueller, p. 478 (end of time stationed at Plattsburgh)
21. "Factsheet 820 Strategic Aerospace Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
22. Station number in Anderson.
23. Station number in Johnson.
24. Mueller, p. 478
### Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
## InfoBox
| 556th Strategic Missile Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| Squadron Convair SM-65F Atlas No. 100 at Site 6 Au Sable Forks NY | |
| Active | 1942–1945; 1957–1959; 1961–1965 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Intercontinental ballistic missile |
| Motto(s) | *In Utumque Paratus*<br>(Latin for 'Ready for Anything') (1962-1965) |
| Engagements | European Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation |
| Insignia | |
| 556th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem | |
| 556th Bombardment Squadron emblem | |
| World War II fuselage code | **FW** |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Vuelta_a_Burgos
|
2024 Vuelta a Burgos
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The 2024 Vuelta a Burgos was a men's road cycling stage race that tool take place from 5 to 9 August 2024 in the Spanish province of Burgos. It was the 46th edition of the Vuelta a Burgos, and was rated as a 2.Pro event as part of the 2024 UCI ProSeries calendar.
| 2024-08-14T08:37:39
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# 2024 Vuelta a Burgos
The **2024 Vuelta a Burgos** was a men's road cycling stage race that tool take place from 5 to 9 August 2024 in the Spanish province of Burgos. It was the 46th edition of the Vuelta a Burgos, and was rated as a 2.Pro event as part of the 2024 UCI ProSeries calendar.
## Teams
Fourteen of the eighteen UCI WorldTeams were joined by seven UCI ProTeams to make up the twenty-one teams that will participate in the race.
**UCI WorldTeams**
**UCI ProTeams**
## Route
Stage characteristics and winners
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | | Stage winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 5 August | Vilviestre del Pinar to Burgos | 168 km (104 mi) | | Hilly stage | Pavel Bittner (CZE) |
| | 6 August | Valle de Mena to Ojo Guareña | 161 km (100 mi) | | Medium-mountain stage | Caleb Ewan (AUS) |
| | 7 August | Gumiel de Izán to Lagunas de Neila | 138 km (86 mi) | | Mountain stage | Sepp Kuss (USA) |
| | 8 August | Santa María del Campo to Pampliega | 18.5 km (11.5 mi) | | Individual time trial | Jay Vine (AUS) |
| | 9 August | Frías to Condado de Treviño | 156 km (97 mi) | | Hilly stage | Pavel Bittner (CZE) |
| Total | | | 641.5 km (398.6 mi) | | | |
## Stages
### Stage 1
5 August 2024 – Vilviestre del Pinar to Burgos, 168 km (104 mi)
| Stage 1 Result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Pavel Bittner (CZE) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL 4h 02' 26" 2 Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team \+ 0" 3 Iván García Cortina (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 0" 4 Edoardo Affini (ITA) Visma–Lease a Bike \+ 0" 5 Ivo Oliveira (POR) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 6 Ide Schelling (NED) Astana Qazaqstan Team \+ 0" 7 Marius Mayrhofer (GER) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 0" 8 Kim Heiduk (GER) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 0" 9 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Team Jayco–AlUla \+ 0" 10 Sander De Pestel (BEL) Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale \+ 0" | General classification after Stage 1 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Pavel Bittner (CZE) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL 4h 02' 16" 2 Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team \+ 4" 3 Iván García Cortina (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 6" 4 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 7" 5 Ben Tulett (GBR) Visma–Lease a Bike \+ 9" 6 Edoardo Affini (ITA) Visma–Lease a Bike \+ 10" 7 Ivo Oliveira (POR) UAE Team Emirates \+ 10" 8 Ide Schelling (NED) Astana Qazaqstan Team \+ 10" 9 Marius Mayrhofer (GER) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 10" 10 Kim Heiduk (GER) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 10" |
| --- | --- |
### Stage 2
6 August 2024 – Valle de Mena to Ojo Guareña, 161 km (100 mi)
| Stage 2 Result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Team Jayco–AlUla 3h 59' 43" 2 Roger Adrià (ESP) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 3 Iván García Cortina (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 0" 4 Rémy Rochas (FRA) Groupama–FDJ \+ 0" 5 Quinn Simmons (USA) Lidl–Trek \+ 0" 6 Antonio Angulo (ESP) Burgos BH \+ 0" 7 Jon Aberasturi (ESP) Euskaltel–Euskadi \+ 0" 8 Patrick Konrad (AUT) Lidl–Trek \+ 0" 9 Pavel Bittner (CZE) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 0" 10 Nicolò Parisini (ITA) Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team \+ 0" | General classification after Stage 2 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Caleb Ewan (AUS) Team Jayco–AlUla 8h 01' 59" 2 Pavel Bittner (CZE) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 0" 3 Iván García Cortina (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 2" 4 Roger Adrià (ESP) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 4" 5 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 7" 6 Antonio Angulo (ESP) Burgos BH \+ 10" 7 Matevž Govekar (SLO) Team Bahrain Victorious \+ 10" 8 Marc Brustenga (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 10" 9 Rémy Rochas (FRA) Groupama–FDJ \+ 10" 10 Quinn Simmons (USA) Lidl–Trek \+ 10" |
| --- | --- |
### Stage 3
7 August 2024 – Gumiel de Izán to Lagunas de Neila, 138 km (86 mi)
| Stage 3 Result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Sepp Kuss (USA) Visma–Lease a Bike 3h 22' 05" 2 Lorenzo Fortunato (ITA) Astana Qazaqstan Team \+ 7" 3 Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) Caja Rural–Seguros RGA \+ 7" 4 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 20" 5 Javier Romo (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 23" 6 Jefferson Alexander Cepeda (ECU) EF Education–EasyPost \+ 26" 7 Pablo Castrillo (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 28" 8 Victor Lafay (FRA) Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale \+ 32" 9 Michael Storer (AUS) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 32" 10 Sergio Higuita (COL) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 34" | General classification after Stage 3 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Sepp Kuss (USA) Visma–Lease a Bike 11h 24' 04" 2 Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) Caja Rural–Seguros RGA \+ 13" 3 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 27" 4 Lorenzo Fortunato (ITA) Astana Qazaqstan Team \+ 30" 5 Jefferson Alexander Cepeda (ECU) EF Education–EasyPost \+ 36" 6 Pablo Castrillo (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 38" 7 Victor Lafay (FRA) Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale \+ 42" 8 Michael Storer (AUS) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 42" 9 Cian Uijtdebroeks (BEL) Visma–Lease a Bike \+ 44" 10 Davide Piganzoli (ITA) Polti–Kometa \+ 44" |
| --- | --- |
### Stage 4
8 August 2024 – Santa María del Campo to Pampliega, 18.5 km (11.5 mi) (ITT)
| Stage 4 Result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Jay Vine (AUS) UAE Team Emirates 19' 51" 2 Edoardo Affini (ITA) Visma–Lease a Bike \+ 11" 3 Antonio Tiberi (ITA) Team Bahrain Victorious \+ 12" 4 Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) UAE Team Emirates \+ 16" 5 Brandon Rivera (COL) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 17" 6 Thymen Arensman (NED) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 20" 7 Iván Romeo (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 21" 8 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 21" 9 Txomin Juaristi (ESP) Euskaltel–Euskadi \+ 26" 10 David de la Cruz (ESP) Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team \+ 38" | General classification after Stage 4 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Sepp Kuss (USA) Visma–Lease a Bike 11h 44' 38" 2 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 5" 3 Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) UAE Team Emirates \+ 34" 4 Urko Berrade (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 41" 5 Michael Storer (AUS) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 42" 6 Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) Caja Rural–Seguros RGA \+ 53" 7 Pablo Castrillo (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 57" 8 Brandon Rivera (COL) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 59" 9 Patrick Konrad (AUT) Lidl–Trek \+ 1' 00" 10 Sergio Higuita (COL) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 1' 01" |
| --- | --- |
### Stage 5
9 August 2024 – Frías to Condado de Treviño, 156 km (97 mi)
| Stage 5 Result Rank Rider Team Time 1 Pavel Bittner (CZE) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL 3h 24' 28" 2 Nicolò Parisini (ITA) Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team \+ 0" 3 Iván García Cortina (ESP) Movistar Team \+ 0" 4 Jon Aberasturi (ESP) Euskaltel–Euskadi \+ 0" 5 Matevž Govekar (SLO) Team Bahrain Victorious \+ 0" 6 Marc Brustenga (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 0" 7 Roger Adrià (ESP) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 0" 8 Ivo Oliveira (POR) UAE Team Emirates \+ 0" 9 Matthew Walls (GBR) Groupama–FDJ \+ 0" 10 Antonio Angulo (ESP) Burgos BH \+ 0" | General classification after Stage 5 Rank Rider Team Time 1 Sepp Kuss (USA) Visma–Lease a Bike 11h 44' 38" 2 Max Poole (GBR) Team dsm–firmenich PostNL \+ 5" 3 Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) UAE Team Emirates \+ 34" 4 Urko Berrade (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 41" 5 Michael Storer (AUS) Tudor Pro Cycling Team \+ 42" 6 Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) Caja Rural–Seguros RGA \+ 53" 7 Pablo Castrillo (ESP) Equipo Kern Pharma \+ 57" 8 Brandon Rivera (COL) Ineos Grenadiers \+ 59" 9 Patrick Konrad (AUT) Lidl–Trek \+ 1' 00" 10 Sergio Higuita (COL) Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe \+ 1' 01" |
| --- | --- |
## Classification leadership table
Classification leadership by stage
| Stage | Winner | General classification<br> | Points classification<br> | Mountains classification<br> | Young rider classification<br> | Team classification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pavel Bittner | Pavel Bittner | Pavel Bittner | Diego Pablo Sevilla | Pavel Bittner | Movistar Team |
| 2 | Caleb Ewan | Caleb Ewan | | | Caleb Ewan | Lidl–Trek |
| 3 | Sepp Kuss | Sepp Kuss | | Pavel Bittner | Max Poole | Equipo Kern Pharma |
| 4 | | Jay Vine | | Edoardo Affini | Visma–Lease a Bike |
| 5 | | | | Pavel Bittner | Pavel Bittner |
| Final | | Sepp Kuss | Pavel Bittner | Diego Pablo Sevilla | Max Poole | Visma–Lease a Bike |
## Classification standings
| Legend | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Denotes the winner of the general classification | | Denotes the winner of the mountains classification |
| | Denotes the winner of the points classification | | Denotes the winner of the young rider classification |
### General classification
Final general classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sepp Kuss (USA) | Visma–Lease a Bike | 15h 09' 06" |
| 2 | Max Poole (GBR) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | \+ 5" |
| 3 | Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) | UAE Team Emirates | \+ 34" |
| 4 | Urko Berrade (ESP) | Equipo Kern Pharma | \+ 41" |
| 5 | Michael Storer (AUS) | Tudor Pro Cycling Team | \+ 42" |
| 6 | Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) | Caja Rural–Seguros RGA | \+ 53" |
| 7 | Pablo Castrillo (ESP) | Equipo Kern Pharma | \+ 57" |
| 8 | Brandon Rivera (COL) | Ineos Grenadiers | \+ 59" |
| 9 | Patrick Konrad (AUT) | Lidl–Trek | \+ 1' 00" |
| 10 | Sergio Higuita (COL) | Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe | \+ 1' 01" |
### Points classification
Final points classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pavel Bittner (CZE) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | 57 |
| 2 | Iván García Cortina (ESP) | Movistar Team | 48 |
| 3 | Edoardo Affini (ITA) | Visma–Lease a Bike | 35 |
| 4 | Caleb Ewan (AUS) | Team Jayco–AlUla | 32 |
| 5 | Roger Adrià (ESP) | Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe | 29 |
| 6 | Sepp Kuss (USA) | Visma–Lease a Bike | 27 |
| 7 | Nicolò Parisini (ITA) | Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team | 26 |
| 8 | Jay Vine (AUS) | UAE Team Emirates | 25 |
| 9 | Jon Aberasturi (ESP) | Euskaltel–Euskadi | 23 |
| 10 | Max Poole (GBR) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | 22 |
### Mountains classification
Final mountains classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Diego Pablo Sevilla (ESP) | Polti–Kometa | 50 |
| 2 | Sepp Kuss (USA) | Visma–Lease a Bike | 32 |
| 3 | Max Poole (GBR) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | 28 |
| 4 | Jefferson Alveiro Cepeda (ECU) | Caja Rural–Seguros RGA | 28 |
| 5 | Gorka Sorarrain (ESP) | Caja Rural–Seguros RGA | 27 |
| 6 | Lorenzo Fortunato (ITA) | Astana Qazaqstan Team | 25 |
| 7 | Rodrigo Álvarez (ESP) | Burgos BH | 17 |
| 8 | Chris Hamilton (AUS) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | 16 |
| 9 | Jefferson Alexander Cepeda (ECU) | EF Education–EasyPost | 14 |
| 10 | Mario Aparicio (ESP) | Burgos BH | 13 |
### Young rider classification
Final young rider classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Max Poole (GBR) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | 15h 09' 11" |
| 2 | Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) | UAE Team Emirates | \+ 29" |
| 3 | Pablo Castrillo (ESP) | Equipo Kern Pharma | \+ 52" |
| 4 | Davide Piganzoli (ITA) | Polti–Kometa | \+ 1' 00" |
| 5 | Iván Romeo (ESP) | Movistar Team | \+ 1' 02" |
| 6 | Javier Romo (ESP) | Movistar Team | \+ 1' 11" |
| 7 | Darren Rafferty (IRL) | EF Education–EasyPost | \+ 1' 18" |
| 8 | Thymen Arensman (NED) | Ineos Grenadiers | \+ 1' 26" |
| 9 | Welay Berhe (ETH) | Team Jayco–AlUla | \+ 1' 39" |
| 10 | Ibon Ruiz (ESP) | Equipo Kern Pharma | \+ 1' 42" |
### Team classification
Final team classification (1–10)
| Rank | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Visma–Lease a Bike | 45h 30' 00" |
| 2 | UAE Team Emirates | \+ 1" |
| 3 | Equipo Kern Pharma | \+ 29" |
| 4 | Ineos Grenadiers | \+ 39" |
| 5 | Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale | \+ 3' 49" |
| 6 | Polti–Kometa | \+ 3' 54" |
| 7 | Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe | \+ 4' 59" |
| 8 | Euskaltel–Euskadi | \+ 5' 51" |
| 9 | Movistar Team | \+ 6' 49" |
| 10 | EF Education–EasyPost | \+ 6' 56" |
## InfoBox
2024 Vuelta a Burgos
| 2024 UCI ProSeries | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 5–9 August 2024 |
| Stages | 5 |
| Distance | 641.5 km (398.6 mi) |
| Results | |
| Winner Sepp Kuss (USA) (Visma–Lease a Bike) Second Max Poole (GBR) (Team dsm–firmenich PostNL) Third Finn Fisher-Black (NZL) (UAE Team Emirates) --- Points Pavel Bittner (CZE) (Team dsm–firmenich PostNL) Mountains Diego Pablo Sevilla (ESP) (Polti–Kometa) Youth Max Poole (GBR) (Team dsm–firmenich PostNL) Team Visma–Lease a Bike | |
|
|
76,052,787
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Vuelta_a_Murcia
|
2024 Vuelta a Murcia
|
The 2024 Vuelta a Murcia was the 44th edition of the Vuelta a Murcia road cycling race. It was held on 10 February 2024 in the titular region of southeastern Spain as a category 1.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar.
| 2024-02-10T15:44:00
|
# 2024 Vuelta a Murcia
The **2024 Vuelta a Murcia** was the 44th edition of the Vuelta a Murcia road cycling race. It was held on 10 February 2024 in the titular region of southeastern Spain as a category 1.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar.
## Teams
Nine UCI WorldTeams, nine UCI ProTeams, and one UCI Continental teams made up the nineteen teams that participated in the race.
**UCI WorldTeams**
**UCI ProTeams**
**UCI Continental Teams**
## Results
Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ben O'Connor (AUS) | Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale | 4h 50' 59" |
| 2 | Jan Tratnik (SLO) | Visma–Lease a Bike | \+ 58" |
| 3 | Tim Wellens (BEL) | UAE Team Emirates | \+ 59" |
| 4 | Michał Kwiatkowski (POL) | Ineos Grenadiers | \+ 1' 27" |
| 5 | Valentin Madouas (FRA) | Groupama–FDJ | \+ 1' 45" |
| 6 | Sergio Higuita (COL) | Bora–Hansgrohe | \+ 1' 45" |
| 7 | Alessandro Covi (ITA) | UAE Team Emirates | \+ 1' 45" |
| 8 | Steff Cras (BEL) | Team TotalEnergies | \+ 1' 45" |
| 9 | Mick van Dijke (NED) | Visma–Lease a Bike | \+ 1' 45" |
| 10 | Gianluca Brambilla (ITA) | Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team | \+ 1' 45" |
## InfoBox
2024 Vuelta a Murcia
| 2024 UCI Europe Tour | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 10 February 2024 |
| Distance | 198.7 km (123.5 mi) |
| Winning time | 4h 50' 59" |
| Results | |
| Winner Ben O'Connor (AUS) (Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale) Second Jan Tratnik (SLO) (Visma–Lease a Bike) Third Tim Wellens (BEL) (UAE Team Emirates) | |
|
|
22,012,978
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/303rd_Fighter_Wing
|
303rd Fighter Wing
|
The 303rd Fighter Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the XXIX Tactical Air Command. It was disbanded on 12 August 1945.
| 2024-02-09T15:51:14
|
# 303rd Fighter Wing
The **303rd Fighter Wing** is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the XXIX Tactical Air Command. It was disbanded on 12 August 1945.
## History
Established and organized at Norfolk Army Airfield, Virginia in 1943 as a command and control organization. Deployed to the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in late 1943 and assigned to IX Fighter Command, Ninth Air Force. Initial mission of the wing was to receive operational orders from Headquarters, IX Fighter Command and direct subordinate groups in attacking enemy targets in Occupied France and the Low Countries in preparation for the Normandy Invasion in June 1944.
Operational missions included strafing and dive-bombing armored vehicles, trains, bridges, buildings, factories, troop concentrations, gun emplacements, airfields, and other targets in preparation for the invasion of Normandy. Also flew some escort missions with Eighth Air Force Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator strategic bombers.
Participated in the June 1944 D-Day invasion of France in by patrolling the air over the landing zones and by flying close-support and interdiction missions. Operations supported the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July and the thrust of The United States Third Army toward Germany in August and September. Reassigned to XIX Tactical Air Command in November 1944 and continued supporting Third Army with Air-Ground support missions, moving through Nancy and Metz to the Siegfried Line near Saarbrücken and Haguenau.
Reassigned to support the United States Ninth Army in Belgium as a result of the German offensive during the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944. Attacked enemy targets in the Northern Rheinland during the Rhineland Campaign and Operation Grenade, which was the southern prong of a pincer attack coordinated with Canadian First Army's Operation Veritable, with the purpose of closing the front up to the Rhine River. By 10 March, the Rhine had been reached in all sectors of Ninth Army's front. It was not until after 20 March that Ninth Army units first crossed the Rhine itself.
Attacked ground targets in the Ruhr, providing air support as Allied ground forces encircled enemy forces in the Ruhr Pocket, essentially ending organized enemy resistance in Western Germany. Ninth Army halted its advance at the Elbe River in late April 1945, the wing engaging targets of opportunity in enemy-controlled areas until combat was ended on 5 May 1945.
Remained in Europe after the war as part of United States Air Forces in Europe, performing occupation duty and the destruction or shipment to the United States of captured enemy combat equipment. Demobilized in Germany and organization was inactivated on 20 November 1945.
### Operations and decorations
* Combat Operations: Combat in European Theater of Operations (ETO), 8 March 1944-May 1945.
* Campaigns: Air Offensive, Europe ;Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe
* Decorations: Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army: 1 Oct 1944-; Dec 1944-Jan 1945. Belgian Fourragere
### Lineage
* Constituted as **303rd Fighter Wing** on 15 Nov 1943
Activated on 24 Nov 1943 Disbanded on 12 August 1945
### Assignments
### Components
### Stations
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4
* Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.
## InfoBox
| 303rd Fighter Wing | |
| --- | --- |
| P-47D-28-RA Thunderbolt (s/n 42-28473) of the 373rd Fighter Group at RAF Woodchurch, England (UK), in 1944 | |
| Active | 1943–1945 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Army Air Forces |
| Role | Fighter Command and Control |
|
5,714,316
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3I_Sky_Arrow
|
3I Sky Arrow
|
The Sky Arrow is a tandem two-seat, high-wing pusher light aircraft that was manufactured by 3I. 3I entered bankruptcy proceedings in 2008, and in 2012 the design was purchased by Magnaghi Aeronautica, of Naples, Italy.
| 2024-09-11T02:27:25
|
# 3I Sky Arrow
The **Sky Arrow** is a tandem two-seat, high-wing pusher light aircraft that was manufactured by 3I (Iniziative Industriali Italiane).
3I entered bankruptcy proceedings in 2008, and in 2012 the design was purchased by Magnaghi Aeronautica, of Naples, Italy.
## Design and development
Magnaghi Aeronautica, the new owners of the design in 2012, announced that it will be upgraded with larger wing tanks, improved aerodynamics and stability, strengthened structural elements and a new avionics package. The Sky Arrow will be available as a completed certified aircraft for light sport or as a kit. A four-seat version is planned. Magnaghi Aeronautica expects to market it for government utility roles, such as border patrol, pollution monitoring and aerial surveillance, with belly- and nose-mounted sensors.
The 3I Sky Arrow 600 Sport and the Magnaghi Aeronautica Sky Arrow LSA are both US Federal Aviation Administration approved special light-sport aircraft. The company completed FAR 23 type certification for the Sky Arrow TCNS.
## Variants
* Sky Arrow LSA
* Sky Arrow Sport (100 hp (75 kW))
Meets ATSM requirements for the FAA Light-Sport category of aircraft. * Sky Arrow 1450L (100 hp (75 kW)/115 hp (86 kW))
kitplane version, meets FAA 51 per cent builder rule. * Sky Arrow 650 TCN
* Sky Arrow 650 TC
* Sky Arrow 650 TCNS
* Sky Arrow 650 TCS:
(100 hp engine), VFR and Sky Arrow 650 TCNS for VFR Night - Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 650 kg (1,430 lb) * Sky Arrow 710 RG:
100 hp engine, C for VFR and CN for VFR Night with an increased MTOW of 710 kg (1,570 lb) and retractable landing gear * Sky Arrow 710 PLUS:
100 hp engine, C and CN with an increased MTOW of 710 kg (1,570 lb) and fixed landing gear * Sky Arrow 650 ERA:
fitted with RAWAS instrumentation by the Atmospheric Turbulence Diffusion Division of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and Iniziative Industriali Italiane, for use in territory control environmental monitoring and for scientific research purposes.
## Specifications (650)
*Data from* Giotto Air
**General characteristics**
* **Crew:** One, pilot
* **Capacity:** One passenger
* **Length:** 7.60 m (24 ft 11 in)
* **Wingspan:** 9.68 m (31 ft 9 in)
* **Height:** 2.56 m (8 ft 5 in)
* **Wing area:** 13.5 m<sup>2</sup> (145 sq ft)
* **Gross weight:** 650 kg (1,433 lb)
* **Useful load:** 250kg (556 lbs)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Rotax 912 F2 , 73.5 kW (98.6 hp)
**Performance**
* **Maximum speed:** 194 km/h (121 mph, 105 kn)
* **Cruise speed:** 187 km/h (116 mph, 101 kn)
* **Service ceiling:** 4,100 m (13,500 ft)
* **Rate of climb:** 4.3 m/s (840 ft/min)
* *World Aircraft Information Files*. London: Bright Star Publishing.
## InfoBox
| Sky Arrow | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| General information | |
| Type | Recreational aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Iniziative Industriali Italiane/3I, Magnaghi Aeronautica |
| History | |
| First flight | 13 July 1992 |
|
3,723,419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3KND
|
3KND
|
3KND is a community radio station which represents the Indigenous communities within Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3KND broadcasts in Melbourne at 1503 on the AM radio band and also streams on the internet. By late 2006, 3KND had the beginnings of an mp3 library. In 2011, 3KND added DAB+ to its broadcast services, which operate 24/7. As at early 2019, the station operator is First Australians Media Enterprises (FAME), formerly the South Eastern Indigenous Media Association (SEIMA). The station provides training for indigenous broadcasters.
| 2024-04-25T23:19:22
|
# 3KND
**3KND** is a community radio station which represents the Indigenous communities within Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3KND broadcasts in Melbourne at 1503 on the AM radio band and also streams on the internet. By late 2006, 3KND had the beginnings of an mp3 library. In 2011, 3KND added DAB+ (digital broadcasting) to its broadcast services, which operate 24/7. As at early 2019, the station operator is *First Australians Media Enterprises (FAME)*, formerly the *South Eastern Indigenous Media Association (SEIMA)*. The station provides training for indigenous broadcasters.
## History
The 1503 frequency had been previously vacated by 3AK as it moved to occupy 1116 AM The first test broadcast was in 1998.
3KND was one of the later entrants into the temporary community broadcasting period in Melbourne as part of the lead up to the granting of four additional community licences for the City. It was granted the only AM license available for community radio at that time. 3KND was licensed at the same time as JOY 94.9, for the LGBT community; Christian contemporary-formatted Triple 7 (now LightFM); and the student-run SYN FM (now SYN 90.7) At the time it was founded, 3KND was Melbourne's first Indigenous radio station.
Official broadcasting began in June 2003. Internet streaming was introduced in 2006. 3KND was one of nine Melbourne community radio stations to launch a digital radio (specifically, DAB+) service during an historic simulcast from Federation Square on 14 April 2011.
Since 2016, 3KND has published a *Top 100 indigenous songs* list. In 2019, those top songs are numbered from 100 down to 1 for the first time, with top honours going to Ruby Hunter's *Proud, Proud Women*, the first song she wrote.
## Internet streaming
3KND's internet streaming is provided by Internode (ISP).
## Program categories
* Breakfast
* Talkback & Chat
* Aboriginal Current Affairs
* Sports
* Music and Entertainment
* Arts News
* Health Programs
## InfoBox
3KND
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Broadcast area | Melbourne RA1 |
| Frequency | * AM: 1503 kHz * DAB+: 9B Melbourne |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Indigenous Australians community radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | First Australians Media Enterprises Aboriginal Corporation |
| History | |
| First air date | June 2003 (2003-06) |
| Call sign meaning | **K**ool **N** **D**eadly |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | ACMA |
| Power | 5000 |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°44′42″S 145°06′38″E / 37.744893°S 145.110507°E / -37.744893; 145.110507 |
| Links | |
| Public licence information | Profile |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |
| Website | www.3knd.org.au |
|
7,139,483
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3K_Battery
|
3K Battery
|
3K Battery is a brand of automotive and motorcycle batteries in Thailand and other international markets. The products are marketed by Thai Storage Battery Public Company Limited, which manufactures and distributes these batteries. TSB was established on 10 June 1986. The company recently delayed a major investment in Thailand due to investor pressures. The company's shares (BAT-3K) are traded on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The company closed in mid-2017 due to the heavy losses.
| 2023-04-29T17:08:54
|
# 3K Battery
**3K Battery** is a brand of automotive and motorcycle batteries in Thailand and other international markets. The products are marketed by **Thai Storage Battery Public Company Limited** (SET: BAT-3K, ABBV: TSB), which manufactures and distributes these batteries. TSB was established on 10 June 1986.
The company recently delayed a major investment in Thailand due to investor pressures. The company's shares (BAT-3K) are traded on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET).
The company closed in mid-2017 due to the heavy losses.
## InfoBox
Thai Storage Battery Public Company Limited
|
| |
| Trade name | 3K Battery |
| Native name | บริษัท ไทยสโตเรจ แบตเตอรี่ จำกัด |
| Traded as | SET: BAT-3K, ABBV: TSB |
| Industry | Automotive battery |
| Founded | 10 June 1986 |
| Headquarters | Thailand |
| Website | https://www.3kbattery.com/ |
|
35,128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/381
|
381
|
Year 377 (CCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius. The denomination 381 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| 2024-07-12T21:03:26
|
# 381
381 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 381<br>*CCCLXXXI* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 1134 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5131 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 302–303 |
| Bengali calendar | −212 |
| Berber calendar | 1331 |
| Buddhist calendar | 925 |
| Burmese calendar | −257 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5889–5890 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)<br>3078 or 2871<br>*to* <br>辛巳年 (Metal Snake)<br>3079 or 2872 |
| Coptic calendar | 97–98 |
| Discordian calendar | 1547 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 373–374 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4141–4142 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 437–438 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 302–303 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 3481–3482 |
| Holocene calendar | 10381 |
| Iranian calendar | 241 BP – 240 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 248 BH – 247 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 263–264 |
| Julian calendar | 381<br>*CCCLXXXI* |
| Korean calendar | 2714 |
| Minguo calendar | 1531 before ROC<br>民前1531年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1087 |
| Seleucid era | 692/693 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 923–924 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金龙年<br>(male Iron-Dragon)<br>507 or 126 or −646<br>*to* <br>阴金蛇年<br>(female Iron-Snake)<br>508 or 127 or −645 |
Year 377 (**CCCLXXXI**) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Syagrius and Eucherius** (or, less frequently, **year 1134 *Ab urbe condita***). The denomination 381 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire
#### Europe
* The Visigothic chieftain Athanaric becomes the first foreign king to visit the Eastern Roman capital of Constantinople. He negotiates a peace treaty with emperor Theodosius I that makes his people *foederati* as "one body within the imperial soldiery". Athanaric dies 2 weeks later after an 18-year reign in which he has been undisputed king of all the Goths for just 1 year. The peace will continue until Theodosius's death in 395.
* The Sciri together with the Huns attack along Rome's lower Danubian frontier.
### By topic
#### Religion
## Births
## Deaths
### Date unknown
## InfoBox
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
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690,812
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2C-D
|
2C-D
|
2C-D is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family that is sometimes used as an entheogen. It was first synthesized in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, and its activity was subsequently investigated in humans by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, Shulgin lists the dosage range as being from 20 to 60 mg. Lower doses of 10 mg or less have been explored for microdosing. Not much information is known about the toxicity of 2C-D, as no major studies have been conducted. According to Shulgin, the effects of 2C-D typically last for 4–6 hours. Shulgin himself referred to this substance as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning that when mixed with other substances, it can extend or potentiate their effects without coloring the experience too much, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with. Hanscarl Leuner, working in Germany, explored the use of 2C-D under the name LE-25 in psychotherapeutic research.
| 2023-08-28T02:26:50
|
# 2C-D
**2C-D** (**2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine** or **2C-M**) is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family that is sometimes used as an entheogen. It was first synthesized in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, and its activity was subsequently investigated in humans by Alexander Shulgin. In his book *PiHKAL*, Shulgin lists the dosage range as being from 20 to 60 mg. Lower doses of 10 mg or less have been explored for microdosing.
Not much information is known about the toxicity of 2C-D, as no major studies have been conducted. According to Shulgin, the effects of 2C-D typically last for 4–6 hours. Shulgin himself referred to this substance as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning that when mixed with other substances, it can extend or potentiate their effects without coloring the experience too much, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with. Hanscarl Leuner, working in Germany, explored the use of 2C-D under the name LE-25 in psychotherapeutic research.
## Drug prohibition laws
### China
As of October 2015 2C-D is a controlled substance in China.
### Canada
As of October 31, 2016; 2C-D is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.
### Denmark
2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.
### Finland
Listed in the government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market.
### Germany
2C-D is an Anlage I controlled drug.
### Sweden
Sveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified 2C-D as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Mar 1, 2005, in their regulation SFS 2005:26 listed as "2,5-dimetoxi-4-metylfenetylamin (2C-D)", making it illegal to sell or possess.
### United States
2C-D became a Schedule I Controlled Substance in the United States as of July 9, 2012, with the signing of Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. On a state level, both Oklahoma and Pennsylvania list 2C-D under schedule I.
## InfoBox
2C-D
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine | |
| Other names * 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-phenethylamine * 4-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine * LE-25 | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C11H17NO2/c1-8-6-11(14-3)9(4-5-12)7-10(8)13-2/h6-7H,4-5,12H2,1-3H3<sup> Y</sup>Key: UNQQFDCVEMVQHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> Y</sup> * InChI=1/C11H17NO2/c1-8-6-11(14-3)9(4-5-12)7-10(8)13-2/h6-7H,4-5,12H2,1-3H3Key: UNQQFDCVEMVQHM-UHFFFAOYAJ | |
| SMILES * O(c1cc(c(OC)cc1CCN)C)C | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>17</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> |
| Molar mass | 195.262 g·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| Melting point | 213 to 214 °C (415 to 417 °F; 486 to 487 K) (hydrochloride) |
| Pharmacology | |
| Legal status | |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is <sup>YN</sup> ?) Infobox references | |
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4,976,430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53_Camelopardalis
|
53 Camelopardalis
|
53 Camelopardalis is a binary star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located 290 light years away from the Sun as determined by parallax measurements. It has the variable star designation AX Camelopardalis; 53 Camelopardalis is the Flamsteed designation. This object is dimly visible to the naked eye as a white hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of +6.02. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 6.63 years and a high eccentricity of 0.718. The "a sin i" value of the primary is 280 Gm (1.9 AU), where a is the semimajor axis and i is the orbital inclination. The visible component is a well-studied magnetic Ap star with a stellar classification of A3VpSrSiCrEu and a visual magnitude of 6.3. The magnetic field topology of 53 Camelopardalis is complex, and is accompanied by abundance variations across the surface of elements like silicon, calcium, titanium, iron, and neodymium. It is classified as an Alpha Canum Venaticorum type variable star and the combined brightness of the system varies from magnitude +6.00 down to +6.05 with a rotationally-modulated period of 8.0278 days. The primary has 2.1 times the mass of the Sun and 2.4 times the Sun's radius. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 12.5 km/s and a rotation period of 8.0268 days. The inclination angle of the pole is estimated to be 57°±5°. The star is about 615 million years old and is radiating 25 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,400 K.
| 2023-08-13T19:17:08
|
# 53 Camelopardalis
**53 Camelopardalis** is a binary star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located 290 light years away from the Sun as determined by parallax measurements. It has the variable star designation **AX Camelopardalis**; *53 Camelopardalis* is the Flamsteed designation. This object is dimly visible to the naked eye as a white hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of +6.02. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 6.63 years and a high eccentricity of 0.718. The "*a* sin *i*" value of the primary is 280 Gm (1.9 AU), where *a* is the semimajor axis and *i* is the orbital inclination.
The visible component is a well-studied magnetic Ap star with a stellar classification of A3VpSrSiCrEu and a visual magnitude of 6.3. The magnetic field topology of 53 Camelopardalis is complex, and is accompanied by abundance variations across the surface of elements like silicon, calcium, titanium, iron, and neodymium. It is classified as an Alpha<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum type variable star and the combined brightness of the system varies from magnitude +6.00 down to +6.05 with a rotationally-modulated period of 8.0278 days.
The primary has 2.1 times the mass of the Sun and 2.4 times the Sun's radius. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 12.5 km/s and a rotation period of 8.0268 days. The inclination angle of the pole is estimated to be 57°±. The star is about 615 million years old and is radiating 25 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,400 K.
## InfoBox
53 Camelopardalis
| <br>A light curve for AX Camelopardalis, plotted from *TESS* data | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data<br>Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Camelopardalis |
|
| Right ascension | 08<sup>h</sup> 01<sup>m</sup> 42.43137<sup>s</sup> |
| Declination | +60° 19 27.8016 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.02 (6.3 + 7.5) |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence |
| Spectral type | A3VpSrSiCrEu |
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| B−V color index | 0.158±0.005 |
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| Variable type | α<sup>2</sup> CVn |
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| Astrometry | |
| | |
| **Radial velocity (R<sub>v</sub>)** | −2.2 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −21.367 mas/yr <br>Dec.: −26.386 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 11.2327 ± 0.1547 mas |
| **Distance** | 290 ± 4 ly <br>(89 ± 1 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (M<sub>V</sub>)** | 1.05 |
| | |
| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 2,422.04±2.42 d |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.718±0.012 |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 2,427,723.6±14.3 JD |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**<br>(secondary) | 5.22±1.64° |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K<sub>1</sub>)<br>(primary) | 12.08±0.45 km/s |
| Details | |
| 53 Cam A | |
| **Mass** | 2.074±0.012 |
| **Radius** | 2.36±0.10 |
| **Luminosity** | 24.9±1.15 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.70±0.10 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 8,400±150 |
| **Rotation** | 8.02681±0.00004 d |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 12.5±0.5 km/s |
| **Age** | 615+56<br>−51 Myr |
| | |
| Other designations | |
| 53 Cam, AX Cam, BD+60°1105, FK5 302, GC 10822, HD 65339, HIP 39261, HR 3109, SAO 14402, CCDM 08017+6019, WDS J08017+6019 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |
|
65,433,294
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53_(album)
|
53 (album)
|
53 is a studio album by jazz pianist Jacky Terrasson. The album, his fifteenth, was recorded in Pompignan, France and released on September 27, 2019 by Blue Note Records.
| 2022-02-24T00:00:20
|
# 53 (album)
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
***53*** is a studio album by jazz pianist Jacky Terrasson. The album, his fifteenth, was recorded in Pompignan, France and released on September 27, 2019 by Blue Note Records.
## Background
The album, his 15th, marks his 53rd birthday and 25 years since his debut release for Blue Note. Terrasson explained, "Why 53? Quite simply because I will have conceived and recorded this music during my 53rd year and that on this occasion, I wanted to make a record that really resembles me. With this record, I wanted to give myself completely, to take risks, while assuming my career, my choices artistic..." The release contains 16 tracks: 15 originals written by Terrason and one composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
## Reception
Matt Collar of AllMusic stated, "Jacky Terrasson's 2019 studio album, 53, is an engaging, deeply nuanced set that reflects his ever-deepening artistic maturity. An inventive, technically adept "young lion", Terrasson has continued to refine his style over the years. Here he displays a broad range of rhythmic and harmonic colors." Steven Wine of *The Associated Press* wrote, "Not that the package is skimpy. Terrasson serves up a generous 56 minutes of terrific piano trio music via 16 compositions, most less than four minutes in length. There's no flab, no showboat soloing and lots of lovely ensemble work as Terrasson and his colleagues explore various moods and melodies." Claude Loxhay of Jazz Halo mentioned, "An album which perfectly illustrates the technical mastery of Jacky Terrasson as well as his passionate temperament."
## Track listing
All tracks are written by Jacky Terrasson except track 11 written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
1. The Call – 4:03
2. Alma – 4:20
3. Mirror – 1:49
4. Jump! – 3:02
5. Kiss Jannett for Me – 7:13
6. Palindrome – 3:31
7. La Part Des Anges – 3:36
8. Babyplum – 3:13
9. What Happenes Au 6eme – 1:45
10. My Lys – 6:28
11. Lacrimosa – Mozart: Requiem in D Minor – 1:24
12. Nausica – 3:38
13. This Is Mine – 4:45
14. La Part Des Anges (Reprise) – 2:04
15. Blues En Femmes Majeures – 2:06
16. Resillience – 3:19
## Personnel
* Jacky Terrasson – piano, vocals
* Thomas Bramerie – bass
* Philippe Gaillot – vocals
* Gregory Hutchinson – drums
* Ali Jackson – drums
* Stephane Menut – vocals
* Lukmil Pérez – drums
* Geraud Portal – bass, bass (electric)
* Sylvain Romano – bass
## InfoBox
| 53 | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Studio album by Jacky Terrasson | |
| Released | September 27, 2019 |
| Recorded | 12–19 June 2019 |
| Studio | Recall Studios, Pompignan, France |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 56:15 |
| Label | Blue Note |
| Producer | Jacky Terrasson |
| Jacky Terrasson chronology | |
| *Mother*<br>(2016) ***53***<br>(2019) | |
|
64,438,472
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50-a
|
50-a
|
New York Civil Rights Law § 50-a was a section of the New York Civil Rights Law, enacted in 1976, which required the concealment of disciplinary records of police officers, firefighters, and prison officers from the public. Under the former law, any "personnel records" were "confidential and not subject to inspection or review," unless the officer granted permission for their release. The stated rationale for the law was to protect law enforcement officers who served as witnesses for the prosecution in trials. In particular, the law was meant to protect officers from subpoenas seeking misconduct records issued by defense attorneys. Section 50-a was a major source of controversy from its enactment, with civil rights activists blaming it for a lack of police accountability, saying that it served to preserve institutional racism, and calling it one of the strongest police secrecy laws in the country. On June 12, 2020, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed to repeal the law as part of New York State Assembly/Senate Bill A10611/S8496.
| 2024-06-26T05:00:42
|
# 50-a
**New York Civil Rights Law § 50-a** was a section of the New York Civil Rights Law, enacted in 1976, which required the concealment of disciplinary records of police officers, firefighters, and prison officers from the public. Under the former law, any "personnel records" were "confidential and not subject to inspection or review," unless the officer granted permission for their release.
The stated rationale for the law was to protect law enforcement officers who served as witnesses for the prosecution in trials. In particular, the law was meant to protect officers from subpoenas seeking misconduct records issued by defense attorneys. Section 50-a was a major source of controversy from its enactment, with civil rights activists blaming it for a lack of police accountability, saying that it served to preserve institutional racism, and calling it one of the strongest police secrecy laws in the country.
On June 12, 2020, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed to repeal the law as part of New York State Assembly/Senate Bill A10611/S8496.
## Criticism
Critics have argued that the law was used to hide records of police misconduct and wrongdoing from the public and that this contributed to a culture in which misconduct by the New York City Police Department often goes unpunished and oversight is rare Media organizations complained also that the law created difficulty in investigating police misconduct as well.
According to the New York Civil Liberties Union, "50-a was arguably the worst law in the nation when it comes to the public's ability to access these records."
## Repeal Process
Beginning in 2014, following the killing of Eric Garner, a coalition of activists began to call for the repeal of Section 50-a. Some organizations that advocated for the repeal of the law include Communities United for Police Reform, New York Communities for Change, East Coast Coalition for Tolerance and Non-Discrimination, Make the Road New York, New York City Bar Association, the New York Civil Liberties Union, and Moms Rising. In 2016, Mayor Bill de Blasio issued a written statement that "public interest was disserved" by the law. Following the murder of George Floyd, large-scale protests began in many parts of the world, including in New York, calling for police reforms and police accountability.
On June 10, 2020, the New York State Legislature voted to repeal Section 50-a and on June 12, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed an act amending the Civil Rights Law to totally repeal Section 50-a.
## Aftermath
In July 2020, Judge Katherine Polk Failla of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York temporarily blocked the release of records covered by the former Section 50-a. Failla issued the temporary restraining order upon the request of New York City police, fire and correctional unions, citing potential "employment" and "safety" issues.
Despite initially siding with the police unions and temporarily blocking release, Failla later decided that the release of records should be permitted prior to trial (with the exception of certain minor "technical infractions") and reversed most of the initial order. However, Failla also agreed to maintain the restraining order long enough for the unions to appeal the decision.
In February 2021, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit agreed that the records should be released. The Second Circuit ruling affirmed Failla's order and permitted almost all of the disclosures that the police unions wished to block, while maintaining the exception for technical infractions.
In January 2021, it was reported that police departments had continued to find ways to hide their discipline records. A joint effort by USA Today Network New York, MuckRock, Brechner Center for Freedom of Information, and Syracuse University journalism made a total of 600 record requests from 400 police agencies. Only 40 agencies provided records in response to the requests.
1. "The law that shields police records, explained". *Brooklyn Eagle*. April 23, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
2. "The state legislature may repeal 50-a. Here's what that means". *Queens Daily Eagle*. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
3. "How New York protects police records from public view". *Columbia Journalism Review*. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
4. Wykstra, Stephanie (June 16, 2020). "The fight for transparency in police misconduct, explained". *Vox*. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
5. "In a Historic Victory, NY Governor Cuomo Signs Repeal of 50-A Into Law". *Innocence Project*. June 9, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
6. Belle, Elly. "Why Advocates In New York Are Working To Repeal The 50-A Law". *Refinery29*. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
7. Boyer, Trevor. "No way 50-A! Activists call for repeal of law that hides police misbehavior". *New York Daily News*. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
8. "Pushing for Social Impact During a Pandemic". *MEET NYU*. July 14, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
9. Rojas, Rick; Goodman, J. David (October 14, 2016). "De Blasio Calls for Change in Law That Blocks Release of Police Disciplinary Actions". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
10. "NY State Senate Bill S8496". *New York State Senate*. June 6, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
11. staff/christopher-robbins; staff/george-joseph (July 23, 2020). "Federal Judge Blocks Release Of NYPD Misconduct Records, Orders NYCLU To Keep Records Secret". *Gothamist*. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
12. "NYPD Loses Appeal to Keep Disciplinary Records Under Lock & Key". *www.courthousenews.com*. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
13. Jon Campbell (January 11, 2021). "New York 50-a repeal: Months later, police find ways to shield disciplinary records". *news.wbfo.org*. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
## InfoBox
| 50-a | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| New York State Legislature | |
| Full name | New York Civil Rights Law § 50-a |
| Signed into law | 1976 |
| Section | 50-a |
| Status: Repealed | |
|
8,493,025
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_Mallory_Street
|
7 Mallory Street
|
The 7 Mallory Street, formerly Comix Home Base and Green House, is a block of ten tenement houses located at 1–11, Mallory Street and 6–12 Burrows Street, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Its former name derives from the green colour painted on the external walls of the building. It is one of the few remaining tong-lau of the balcony type in Hong Kong. Because of its historic significance, the houses are listed as Grade II historic buildings.
| 2022-01-07T00:13:55
|
# 7 Mallory Street
The **7 Mallory Street**, formerly **Comix Home Base** and **Green House**, is a block of ten tenement houses located at 1–11, Mallory Street and 6–12 Burrows Street, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Its former name derives from the green colour painted on the external walls of the building. It is one of the few remaining *tong-lau* of the balcony type in Hong Kong. Because of its historic significance, the houses are listed as Grade II historic buildings.
## Historic background
The property where the tenement house is currently located was first owned by the American firm Messrs Burrows and Sons. It was later owned by Lawrence Mallory. A timber yard and boat building yard previously occupied the site. It was later occupied by warehouses, timber and coal storage and several other small industries.
Around 1905, Hong Kong Land Investment Company took possession and in the mid-1920s, the company demolished the former buildings and developed 10 tenement houses on its former site in two phases, with the first phase been completed between 1916 and 1922. At first the tenement house had no name, but after the government took over the building in the later years, its outer walls were painted green, hence the name **Green House**.
In 2005, Green House became the first preservation project of the Urban Renewal Authority, and in 2007 the Lands Department took over the ownership of the house. The house was later renovated and officially opened on 18 July 2013 as the **Comix Home Base** by the Hong Kong Arts Centre and was no longer known as the Green House.
Aedas as Design and Documentation Architect was awarded a Medal of the Year of Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Institute of Architects for its design of the preserved buildings.
Upon its opening, the Comix Home Base had a record total of 250,000 visitor records in 2013. There are more than 40 educational groups with more than 2,000 people, including primary and secondary school students, who had visited the base and attended its comic activities. In the past five years, 545 exhibitions and events were held there, with a total attendance of more than 1 million people.
However, due to its location being further away from the MTR station and the lack of human traffic led to its operational difficulties and many exhibitions were only attended by the arts industry participants. The URA stopped its operations upon the expiration of its contract period in July 2018 and renamed it to **7 Mallory Street**.
Currently, only the shops and restaurants on the ground floor and second floor are operating their businesses there, while the third and the fourth floor once occupied by Comix Home Base had remained vacant since then.
## InfoBox
| 7 Mallory Street | |
| --- | --- |
| 茂蘿街7號 | |
| Green House, Hong Kong after its revitalisation in July 2013. | |
| | |
| Former names | Green House <br>Comix Home Base |
| General information | |
| Address | 1–11, Mallory Street and 6–12 Burrows Street, Wan Chai, Hong Kong |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Coordinates | 22°16′38″N 114°10′36″E / 22.27722°N 114.17665°E / 22.27722; 114.17665 |
| Completed | 1922 |
| Client | Hong Kong Arts Centre (former) |
| Owner | Hong Kong Land Investment Company (former) <br>Urban Renewal Authority |
| Landlord | Hong Kong Land Investment Company (former) <br>Government of Hong Kong (former) <br>Lands Department |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 4 |
|
34,489,442
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_(2nd_North_Midland)_Division
|
59th (2nd North Midland) Division
|
The 59th Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in late 1914/early 1915 as a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 46th Division. After training in the United Kingdom and seeing service in the Easter Rising in April 1916, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in early 1917. It saw action at Ypres and Cambrai, and was almost destroyed during the German Army's Spring Offensive in March 1918. The reconstituted division took part in the final advances of the war.
| 2024-06-07T08:17:45
|
# 59th (2nd North Midland) Division
The **59th (2nd North Midland) Division** was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in late 1914/early 1915 as a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 46th (North Midland) Division. After training in the United Kingdom and seeing service in the Easter Rising in April 1916, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in early 1917. It saw action at Ypres and Cambrai, and was almost destroyed during the German Army's Spring Offensive in March 1918. The reconstituted division took part in the final advances of the war.
## Origin
The formation of Reserve or 2nd Line units of the Territorial Force (TF) was authorised on 31 August 1914, and the units were quickly formed from the flood of volunteers coming forward, trained by those men of the 1st Line TF who had not signed up for overseas service or were medically unfit. At first the men had to live at home, and parade in civilian clothes until the county TF associations were able to issue clothing and equipment. In January 1915, the 2nd North Midland was created as an exact duplicate of the 1st North Midland Division, the units being differentiated by '1/' or '2/' prefix. The 1st North Midland Division was the first complete TF formation to reach the Western Front, where it received the designation 46th (North Midland) Division. The 2nd Line division was designated **59th (2nd North Midland) Division** in August 1915.
## Order of battle
The composition of 59th (2nd North Midland Division) until May 1918 was as follows:
### 176th (2/1st Staffordshire) Brigade
* 2/5th Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment *(drafted and disbanded 1 January 1918)*
* 2/6th Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment
* 2/5th Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment *(absorbed 1/5th Bn 30 January 1918 and became 5th Bn)*
* 2/6th Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment
* 174th Company, Machine Gun Corps *(joined 24 February 1917; to 59th Battalion, MGC 7–8 March 1918)*
* 176th Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 20 January 1917; temporarily disbanded 8 May 1918)*
The infantry battalions of 176th Bde were reduced to training cadres on 9 May 1918 and transferred to 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division on 30 May 1918.
### 177th (2/1st Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade
The infantry battalions of 177th Bde were reduced to training cadres on 9 May 1918 and transferred to 16th (Irish) Division and 30th Division.
### 178th (2/1st Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire) Brigade
* 2/5th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters
* 2/6th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters
* 2/7th Robin Hood Battalion, Sherwood Foresters *(absorbed 1/7th Bn and became 7th Bn)*
* 2/8th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters *(drafted and disbanded 1 January 1918)*
* 178th Company, MGC *(joined 17 February 1917; to 59th Battalion, MGC 7–8 March 1918)*
* 178th Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 20 January 1917; temporarily disbanded 7 May 1918)*
The infantry battalions of 178th Bde were reduced to training cadres on 7 May 1918 and transferred to 16th (Irish) and 30th Divisions.
### Support troops
**Mounted Troops** **Artillery** * 2/I North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (2/1st, 2/2nd, and 2/3rd Lincolnshire Batteries, and 2/I North Midland Brigade Ammunition Column) *(numbered CCXCV Bde in May 1916 and 2/1st Hampshire Royal Horse Artillery joined as D Battery; served with other divisions 22 March to 27 August 1918)*
* 2/II North Midland Brigade, RFA (2/1st, 2/2nd, and 2/3rd Staffordshire Batteries, and 2/II North Midland Brigade Ammunition Column) *(numbered CCXCVI Bde in May 1916 and 2/1st Essex Royal Horse Artillery joined as D Battery; served with other divisions 22 March to 27 August 1918)*
* 2/III North Midland Brigade, RFA (2/4th, 2/5th, and 2/6th Staffordshire Batteries, and 2/III North Midland Brigade Ammunition Column) *(numbered CCXCVII Bde in May 1916 and 2/1st Glamorganshire Royal Horse Artillery joined as D Battery; broken up before the division embarked for France)*
* 2/IV North Midland (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA (2/1st and 2/2nd Derbyshire (H) Batteries, and 2/IV North Midland (H) Brigade Ammunition Column) *(numbered CCXCVIII Bde in May 1916; left on 4 April 1917)*
* 1/IV Home Counties (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA *(10 March to 27 June 1915)*
* 2/1st North Midland (Staffordshire) Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery (*until 18 April 1916*)
* 1/1st Wessex (Hampshire) Heavy Battery, RGA *(joined 13 March 1915, to 60th (2/2nd London) Division 7 April 1915)*
* 2/1st Wessex (Hampshire) Heavy Battery, RGA *(joined 20 February 1916, drafted to 1/1st Wessex October 1916)*
* 59th Divisional Trench Mortar Brigade, RFA
+ V.59 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 21 January 1917; left in March 1918)*
+ X.59 Medium Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 21 January 1917)*
+ Y.59 Medium Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 21 January 1917)*
+ Z.59 Medium Trench Mortar Battery *(formed 21 January 1917; absorbed by X and Y in March 1918)*
* 59th (North Midland) Divisional Ammunition Column, RFA *(absorbed brigade ammunition columns 31 July 1916)*
**Engineers** * 59th Divisional Engineers
+ 1/3rd North Midland Field Company, Royal Engineers *(later numbered 467th Field Company)*
+ 2/1st North Midland Field Company, RE *(joined 46th Division 10 July 1915)*
+ 2/2nd North Midland Field Company, RE *(joined 4 February 1915; later numbered 469th Field Company)*
+ 3/1st North Midland Field Company, RE *(joined 3 February 1915, later numbered 470th Field Company)*
+ 59th (2/1st North Midland) Signal Company, RE
**Pioneers** * 6/7th Bn Royal Scots Fusiliers *(joined 21 February 1918; reduced to training cadre in 176th Bde 7–10 May)*
**Machine Guns** * + 200th Company, MGC *(formed 20 January 1917; left behind when division embarked for France; rejoined on 18 April 1917)*
+ 201st Company, MGC *(formed 25 October 1916; joined 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division in April 1917)*
+ 202nd Company, MGC *(formed 20 January 1917; joined 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division in April 1917)*
+ 203rd Company, MGC *(formed 20 January 1917; joined 66th Division in April 1917)*
* 59th Battalion, MGC *(formed on 7–8 March 1918; reduced to training cadre May 1918)*
+ 176th Company, MGC *(moved from 176th Brigade)*
+ 177th Company, MGC *(moved from 177th Brigade)*
+ 178th Company, MGC *(moved from 178th Brigade)*
+ 200th Company, MGC *(see above)*
**Medical Services** * 2/1st North Midland Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps
* 2/2nd North Midland Field Ambulance, RAMC
* 2/3rd North Midland Field Ambulance, RAMC
* 59th Sanitary Section *(left on 18 May 1917)*
* 59th (2/1st North Midland) Mobile Veterinary Section, Army Veterinary Corps
**Transport** * 59th (2/1st North Midland) Divisional Train, Army Service Corps
+ 513th Horse Transport Company, ASC
+ 514th HT Company, ASC
+ 515th HT Company, ASC
+ 516th HT Company, ASC
**Labour** * 250th Divisional Employment Company, Labour Corps *(formed 16 June 1917)*
## Training
Early in January 1915, the units assigned to the division concentrated round Luton, where it formed part of Third Army in Central Force. In February the men were issued with .256-in Japanese Ariska rifles with which to train, and it was not until November 1915–March 1916 that these were replaced with .303 SMLE rifles and Lewis guns. Similarly, the gunners had to train with 'Quaker' guns – logs of wood mounted on cart wheels – until March 1915 when a few 90 mm French guns arrived for training. Later, some 15-pounder field guns and obsolete 5-inch howitzers were received, without sights.
In June 1915, the 2nd Line units began to send drafts of reinforcements to their 1st Line parents serving on the Western Front, while the Home Service men were transferred to provisional battalions. This reduced the strength and delayed the training of the division. In July 1915 it moved to a training area around St Albans. Here in early 1916 the artillery finally received their establishment of horses, 18-pounder field guns and 4.5-inch howitzers.
## Ireland
The 59th was the 'mobile division' in Home Forces, held in readiness to combat a landing along the East Coast; when the Easter Rising broke out in Dublin on 24 April 1916, it was ordered into immediate readiness and despatched to Ireland, the first TF formation to serve there. Here, units of the division – many with only a few weeks' training – were hastily thrown into combat, some taking heavy casualties; the 2/7th and 2/8th Sherwood Foresters lost over two hundred men killed or wounded at Mount Street on 26 April and at the South Dublin Union on 27 April. After the end of fighting in Dublin, the 59th moved to the Curragh for further training until the end of the year.
The division returned to England in January 1917 and began final battle training at Fovant, where there was a large purpose-built camp on the edge of the Salisbury Plain training area, before embarking for France on 17 February.
## Western Front
### Polygon Wood
The 59th Division took part in following the German Retreat to Hindenburg Line in March and April, but it was not until September that it was engaged in its first full-scale action, the phase of the 3rd Ypres Offensive known as the Battle of the Menin Road Ridge. This was a carefully prepared assault with massive artillery preparation, and most of the objectives were taken easily. The next phase, the Battle of Polygon Wood (26 September), was equally successful, with 59th Division advancing steadily behind its barrage onto the final objectives.
### Bourlon Wood
59th Division was next moved south to join in the Battle of Cambrai. The division entered the recently captured line between Cantaing and Bourlon Wood on 28 November. Fierce German counter-attacks began on 30 November. Two infantry assaults were made against 176 Bde, but both attacks were easily broken up under British artillery fire. Lance-Corporal John Thomas of the 2/5th North Staffords was awarded the Victoria Cross for his gallantry in reconnoitring these attacks. That night the rest of 176 Bde in Bourlon Wood were subjected to a violent bombardment of high explosive and gas shells, but the division was not directly attacked the following morning. By 4 December the decision had been made to withdraw from the Bourlon Salient, and 59th Division held covering positions while this was carried out. By 7 December the British were back on the line that they would hold for the coming winter.
As a result of the BEF's manpower crisis at the end of 1917, the establishment of each infantry brigade was reduced from four to three battalions in January 1918. In 59th Division, each brigade saw one battalion disbanded to provide reinforcements, and one other absorbed its 1st Line parent from the 46th Division.
### Spring Offensive
When the German spring offensive opened on 21 March 1918 (the Battle of St Quentin), 59th Division was holding the line of the Bullecourt Salient, with a thinly held 'Forward Zone', covering Bullecourt itself. This was where the heaviest German attack fell, following a hurricane bombardment and covered by morning mist. The battalions in front were driven from their defences and forced back through the village. Here and in the defences further to the north west a few survivors fought on for some hours. 176th and 178th Brigades were virtually destroyed (only one front-line officer of 176 Brigade made it back), and the reserves moving up were swamped. The division's field guns in the forward zone were captured after firing over open sights at the advancing Germans. The line was held by rear details, including the gunners using rifles and Lewis guns. Only two batteries of 59th Divisional Artillery escaped.
Over the next few days, 177th Brigade and the remaining divisional artillery remained in action under the command of 40th Division, fighting rearguard actions during the British Army's 'Great Retreat'. 59th Division was sent north to recuperate (without its artillery), but there the survivors were caught up in the second phase of the Spring Offensive at the Battle of Bailleul (14–15 April) and the Battle of Kemmel Ridge (17–18 April). About 2,000 men of the division, under Brig-Gen C.H.L. James of 177th Brigade, formed 'James's Force' and fought on for a couple more days under the command of 49th (West Riding) Division, but then the exhausted 59th Division was withdrawn from the front line.
In May 1918 the shattered 59th Division was temporarily disbanded at Saint-Omer and its battalions and trench mortar batteries reduced to training cadres, the surplus men being drafted to other units.
However, the Divisional Artillery (CCXCV and CCXCVI Bdes) remained in the Line, serving with various formations as required: 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division (15–24 April and 17 May–19 June), 37th Division (24 April–17 May), XVIII Corps (23 June–1 July), 5th Division (1–8 August) and 61st (2nd South Midland) Division (8–26 August).
The 59th Division was reconstructed at Hestrus from Garrison Guard battalions sent from the United Kingdom. Until June, it was employed in digging rear defences, then it underwent training to enable it to hold a sector of the front line. On 25 July the reconstructed division went back into the line.
## Reconstruction
The order of battle of the reconstructed 59th Division (the 'North Midland' designation was no longer relevant) was as follows:
### 176th Brigade
* 6th/7th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers *(joined as training cadre from divisional pioneers 7–10 May 1918, left for England 18 June 1918)*
* 1st Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from Reserve Army 13 May 1918; became 17th Garrison Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment 25 May 1918, left 18 June 1918)*
* 2nd Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from Reserve Army 13 May 1918; transferred to 177th Bde 22 May 1918)*
* 3rd Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from Reserve Army 13 May 1918; transferred to 177th Bde 22 May 1918)*
* 4th Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from Reserve Army 13 May 1918; became 23rd Garrison Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers 25 May 1918, left 18 June 1918)*
* 5th Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from Reserve Army 13 May 1918, became 17th Garrison Guard Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment 25 May, then 17th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 4th Garrison Guard Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers *(joined 16 May 1918, became 26th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 25th Garrison Guard Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) *(joined 16 June 1918, became 25th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 176th Trench Mortar Battery *(reformed 11 July 1918)*
### 177th Brigade
* 2/6th Garrison Guard Battalion, Durham Light Infantry, *(joined from England 10 May 1918; became 2/6th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 11th Garrison Guard Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry *(joined from England 12 May 1918; became 11th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 15th Garrison Guard Battalion, Essex Regiment *(joined from England 12 May 1918; became 15th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 2nd Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from 176th Bde 22 May 1918; redesignated 25th Garrison Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps 25 May, and became divisional pioneers 16 June 1918)*
* 3rd Provisional Garrison Guard Battalion *(joined from 176th Bde 22 May 1918; redesignated 13th Garrison Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment 25 May; to 178th Bde 16 June 1918)*
* 177th Trench Mortar Battery *(reformed 17 August 1918)*
### 178th Brigade
* 36th Garrison Guard Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers *(joined from England 12 May 1918, became 36th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 11th Garrison Guard Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers *(joined from United Kingdom 12 May 1918, became 11th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 2nd Garrison Guard Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment *(joined from Ireland 17 May 1918, became 8th Garrison Battalion 25 May and left 19 June 1918)*
* 13th Garrison Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment *(from 177th Bde 16 June 1918; became 13th Battalion 16 July 1918)*
* 25th Garrison Guard Battalion, Cheshire Regiment *(joined from England 24 May 1918, left 19 June 1918)*
* 178th Trench Mortar Battery *(reformed 24 June 1918)*
### Support troops
**Mounted Troops** * XI Corps Mounted Troops *(attached 17–21 October and 9 –14 November 1918)*
**Artillery** * CCXCV Brigade, RFA
+ A, B, C and D (H) Batteries
* CCXCVI Brigade, RFA
+ A, B, C and D (H) Batteries
* 59th Divisional Trench Mortar Brigade, RFA
+ X.59 and Y.59 Medium Trench Mortar Batteries
* 59th Divisional Ammunition Column, RFA
**Engineers** **Pioneers** * 25th Garrison Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps *(from 177th Bde 16 June 1918; dropped 'Garrison' title on 16 July 1918)*
**Machine Guns** * 25th Battalion, MGC *(joined from 25th Division from 23 July to 19 October 1918)*
+ 7th, 74th, 75th and 195th Companies
* 200th Battalion, MGC *(joined on 2 October 1918)*
+ A, B, C and D Companies
**Medical Services** * 2/1st, 2/2nd and 2/3rd North Midland Field Ambulances, RAMC
* 59th Mobile Veterinary Section, AVC
**Transport** * 59th Divisional Train, ASC
+ 513th, 514th, 515th and 516th Horse Transport Companies
**Labour** * 250th Divisional Employment Company, Labour Corps
**Attached Allied Troops** * III Artillery Brigade, Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (CEP) *(3 October to 15 November 1918)*
* 14th Infantry Battalion, CEP *(3 October to 2 November 1918)*
* 15th Infantry Battalion, CEP *(3 October to 15 November 1918)*
## Advance to Victory
On 21 August the 59th Division once more took part in active operations, at the Battle of Albert. 59th Divisional Artillery rejoined on 27 August. From 2 October until 11 November 1918 the division participated in the final advance in Artois and Flanders. On 2 October, 59th Division ordered two minor operations in which detachments advanced under cover of smoke and a creeping barrage; these determined that the enemy had retired, and so the division advanced against little opposition. On 16 October the division fought its way through the old defences of Lille, and liberated the city against minimal opposition the following day. Opposition stiffened at the River Schelde was approached, but this was crossed in early November. The Armistice on 11 November found the division astride the Schelde north of Tournai.
## Demobilisation
After the Armistice, 59th Division moved first to the area around Lille and then around Béthune. It was engaged in training and education. On 8–10 December it sent 178th Brigade, with 2/2 NM Field Ambulance and 516 Co ASC to Dunkirk to operate a dispersal camp for miners who were being demobilised early from the British Expeditionary Force. On 13–15 January 1919, 177th Brigade moved to Dieppe for demobilisation duties, where it was joined on 25 January by the pioneer battalion to build the demobilisation camp. On 8 March, Divisional HQ moved to Calais, and during the month other units followed. On 21–23 May, the units of 176th Brigade left for service in Egypt (the Brigade HQ was disbanded in July) and were replaced on 16 June by 19th Brigade transferred from 33rd Division:
**19th Brigade**
By now, the division's responsibility was to train drafts for the forces serving in Egypt and the Black Sea. 59th Divisional Artillery was demobilised on 8 August, and on 29 August orders arrived to break up the rest of the division. Divisional HQ closed on 1 September 1919, and during the month the remaining cadres returned to England.
## General Officers Commanding
The following officers commanded 59th Division during its existence:
## Notable personnel
## Bibliography
* Becke, Maj A.F. *History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions,* London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
* Edmonds, Brig-Gen Sir James E. (1992) *History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1917*, Vol II, *Messines and Third Ypres (Passchendaele)*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1948/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, ISBN 0-90162775-5.
* Edmonds, Brig-Gen Sir James E. (1995) *History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918*, Vol I, *The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries*, London: Macmillan, 1935/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, ISBN 0-89839-219-5.
* Brig-Gen Sir James E. & Maxwell-Hyslop, (1993) Lt-Col R. *History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918*, Vol V, *26th September–11th November, The Advance to Victory*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1947/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, ISBN 978-1-870423-06-9.
* Middlebrook, Martin (1983) *The Kaiser's Battle, 21 March 1918: The First Day of the German Spring Offensive*, London: Allen Lane, 1978/Penguin, ISBN 0-14-017135-5.
* Farndale, Gen Sir Martin (1986) *History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Western Front 1914–18*, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, ISBN 1-870114-00-0.
* Miles, Capt Wilfred *History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1917*, Vol III, *The Battle of Cambrai*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1948/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84574724-4.
* Wolff, Leon *In Flanders Fields: the 1917 Campaign*, London: Longmans, 1959/Corgi, 1966.
## InfoBox
| 2nd North Midland Division<br>59th (2nd North Midland) Division<br>59th Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Division insignia | |
| Active | 6 January 1915 – 1 September 1919 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Territorial Force |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Engagements | Easter Rising<br>Menin Road Ridge<br>Polygon Wood<br>Bourlon Wood<br>St Quentin<br>Bailleul<br>Kemmel Ridge<br>Albert<br>Final Advance in Artois and Flanders |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Maj-Gen Raymond Reade<br>Maj-Gen Arthur Sandbach<br>Maj-Gen Cecil Romer<br>Maj-Gen Sir Robert Whigham<br>Maj-Gen Sir Nevill Smyth, VC<br>Maj-Gen Charles Budworth |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_metres_at_the_World_Athletics_Championships
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5000 metres at the World Athletics Championships
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The 5000 metres at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by men since the inaugural edition in 1983 and by women since 1995. Women competed over 3000 metres from 1980 to 1993, in line with championship standards of the time. It is the shortest long-distance running event at the competition, the 10,000 metres and marathon being the other two such events on the programme. It is the second most prestigious title in the discipline after the 5000 metres at the Olympics. The competition format typically has a two-race heats stage that leads directly to a final between fifteen athletes. The championship records for the event are 12:52.79 minutes for men, set by Eliud Kipchoge in 2003, and 14:26.72 minutes for women, set by Hellen Obiri in 2019. The world record has never been broken or equalled at the competition by either men or women, reflecting the lack of pacemaking and athletes' more tactical approach to championship races. Similarly the women's 3000 metres world record was not improved during its 13-year history. The championship record for that event was set on its last appearance in 1993, by Yunxia Qu with a time of 8:28.71 minutes. The women's 3000 m was among the first ever IAAF World Championship events as it was one of two designated events at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics, which was held after the International Olympic Committee refused to add the women's event to the Olympic programme that year. Mo Farah of Great Britain is the only athlete to win this title three times, between 2011 and 2015. Meseret Defar is the most successful female athlete of the event, having won two world championship titles and reached the medal podium five times consecutively from 2005 to 2013. Vivian Cheruiyot is the next most successful with two golds and one silver. Six other athletes have won the 5000 m championship twice: Ismael Kirui, Muktar Edris and Jakob Ingebrigtsen on the men's side, and Gabriela Szabo, Tirunesh Dibaba and Hellen Obiri on the women's side. Tatyana Dorovskikh was also a double champion in the women's 3000 m, and the only woman to win multiple medals over that distance. Kenya is the most successful nation in the discipline, with seven wins in the men's distance and five in the women's, and has the highest medal total at 30. Ethiopia is the next best performer with six women's titles, three men's titles and 30 medals overall. Morocco, Great Britain, Romania, Ireland and Norway are the other nations to have won multiple gold medals in the 5000 m. The Soviet Union won the most 3000 m medals during its run, with two titles and four medals. China produced a medal sweep in 1993.
Eamonn Coghlan and Jakob Ingebrigtsen are the only non-African-born men to win the 5000 m.
| 2024-04-25T15:35:46
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# 5000 metres at the World Athletics Championships
The **5000 metres at the World Championships in Athletics** has been contested by men since the inaugural edition in 1983 and by women since 1995. Women competed over 3000 metres from 1980 to 1993, in line with championship standards of the time. It is the shortest long-distance running event at the competition, the 10,000 metres and marathon being the other two such events on the programme. It is the second most prestigious title in the discipline after the 5000 metres at the Olympics. The competition format typically has a two-race heats stage that leads directly to a final between fifteen athletes.
The championship records for the event are 12:52.79 minutes for men, set by Eliud Kipchoge in 2003, and 14:26.72 minutes for women, set by Hellen Obiri in 2019. The world record has never been broken or equalled at the competition by either men or women, reflecting the lack of pacemaking and athletes' more tactical approach to championship races. Similarly the women's 3000 metres world record was not improved during its 13-year history. The championship record for that event was set on its last appearance in 1993, by Yunxia Qu with a time of 8:28.71 minutes.
The women's 3000 m was among the first ever IAAF World Championship events as it was one of two designated events at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics (alongside women's 400 metres hurdles), which was held after the International Olympic Committee refused to add the women's event to the Olympic programme that year.
Mo Farah of Great Britain is the only athlete to win this title three times, between 2011 and 2015. Meseret Defar is the most successful female athlete of the event, having won two world championship titles and reached the medal podium five times consecutively from 2005 to 2013. Vivian Cheruiyot is the next most successful with two golds and one silver. Six other athletes have won the 5000 m championship twice: Ismael Kirui, Muktar Edris and Jakob Ingebrigtsen on the men's side, and Gabriela Szabo, Tirunesh Dibaba and Hellen Obiri on the women's side. Tatyana Dorovskikh was also a double champion in the women's 3000 m, and the only woman to win multiple medals over that distance.
Kenya is the most successful nation in the discipline, with seven wins in the men's distance and five in the women's, and has the highest medal total at 30. Ethiopia is the next best performer with six women's titles, three men's titles and 30 medals overall. Morocco, Great Britain, Romania, Ireland and Norway are the other nations to have won multiple gold medals in the 5000 m. The Soviet Union won the most 3000 m medals during its run, with two titles and four medals. China produced a medal sweep in 1993. Eamonn Coghlan and Jakob Ingebrigtsen are the only non-African-born men to win the 5000 m.
## Age
| Distinction | Male | | | Female | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Athlete | Age | Date | Athlete | Age | Date |
| Youngest champion | Ismael Kirui (KEN) | 18 years, 177 days | 16 Aug 1993 | Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH) | 17 years, 333 days | 30 Aug 2003 |
| Youngest medalist | Ismael Kirui (KEN) | 18 years, 177 days | 16 Aug 1993 | Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH) | 17 years, 333 days | 30 Aug 2003 |
| Youngest finalist | Selemon Barega (ETH) | 17 years, 204 days | 12 Aug 2017 | Sally Barsosio (KEN) | 17 years, 144 days | 12 Aug 1995 |
| Youngest participant | Abdullah Al-Qwabani (YEM) | 16 years, 177 days | 26 Aug 2015 | Wisam El-Bekheet (PLE) | 14 years, 281 days | 9 Aug 2001 |
| Oldest champion | Bernard Lagat (USA) | 32 years, 264 days | 2 Sep 2007 | Hellen Obiri (KEN) | 29 years, 296 days | 5 Oct 2019 |
| Oldest medalist | Bernard Lagat (USA) | 36 years, 266 days | 4 Sep 2011 | Edith Masai (KEN) | 36 years, 148 days | 30 Aug 2003 |
| Oldest finalist | Bernard Lagat (USA) | 38 years, 247 days | 16 Aug 2013 | Teresa Récio (ESP) | 38 years, 35 days | 11 Aug 2001 |
| Oldest participant | Bernard Lagat (USA) | 38 years, 247 days | 16 Aug 2013 | Nora Rocha (MEX) | 39 years, 254 days | 29 Aug 2007 |
## Doping
The World Championship 5000 metres was unaffected by doping until the 2001, when men's silver medallist Ali Saïdi-Sief of Algeria failed his post-race urine test due to nandrolone traces. He was stripped of his medal. Only one other competitor has been disqualified from the 5000 m for doping: Turkey's Alemitu Bekele Degfa, whose unsuccessful run in the heats in 2011 was annulled retrospectively after biological passport irregularities.
Among those failing tests outside the competition was 1983 men's bronze medallist Martti Vainio, who admitted to using testosterone supplements and failed a test for steroids in 1984. Marta Domínguez, the women's runner-up in 2001 and 2003, was banned later in her career for abnormalities in her biological passport readings. Additionally, 2023 silver medalist Mohamed Katir was suspended in February 2024 for whereabouts failures.
In the women's 3000 m, no athletes were banned during World Championships competition but 1983 medallist Tatyana Kazankina ended her career in 1984 by refusing a drug test, while the 1987 and 1991 world champion for the distance Tetyana Dorovskikh also ended her career with a drugs ban in 1993. The 1983 women's champion Mary Decker was another banned for doping later in her career.
## Medalists
### Men
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983 Helsinki<br> | Eamonn Coghlan (IRL) | Werner Schildhauer (GDR) | Martti Vainio (FIN) |
| 1987 Rome<br> | Saïd Aouita (MAR) | Domingos Castro (POR) | Jack Buckner (GBR) |
| 1991 Tokyo<br> | Yobes Ondieki (KEN) | Fita Bayisa (ETH) | Brahim Boutayeb (MAR) |
| 1993 Stuttgart<br> | Ismael Kirui (KEN) | Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) | Fita Bayisa (ETH) |
| 1995 Gothenburg<br> | Ismael Kirui (KEN) | Khalid Boulami (MAR) | Shem Kororia (KEN) |
| 1997 Athens<br> | Daniel Komen (KEN) | Khalid Boulami (MAR) | Tom Nyariki (KEN) |
| 1999 Seville<br> | Salah Hissou (MAR) | Benjamin Limo (KEN) | Mohammed Mourhit (BEL) |
| 2001 Edmonton<br> | Richard Limo (KEN) | Million Wolde (ETH) | John Kibowen (KEN) |
| 2003 Saint-Denis<br> | Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) | Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) |
| 2005 Helsinki<br> | Benjamin Limo (KEN) | Sileshi Sihine (ETH) | Craig Mottram (AUS) |
| 2007 Osaka<br> | Bernard Lagat (USA) | Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) | Moses Kipsiro (UGA) |
| 2009 Berlin<br> | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) | Bernard Lagat (USA) | James Kwalia (QAT) |
| 2011 Daegu<br> | Mo Farah (GBR) | Bernard Lagat (USA) | Dejen Gebremeskel (ETH) |
| 2013 Moscow<br> | Mo Farah (GBR) | Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH) | Isiah Koech (KEN) |
| 2015 Beijing<br> | Mo Farah (GBR) | Caleb Ndiku (KEN) | Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH) |
| 2017 London<br> | Muktar Edris (ETH) | Mo Farah (GBR) | Paul Chelimo (USA) |
| 2019 Doha<br> | Muktar Edris (ETH) | Selemon Barega (ETH) | Mohammed Ahmed (CAN) |
| 2022 Eugene<br> | Jakob Ingebrigtsen (NOR) | Jacob Krop (KEN) | Oscar Chelimo (UGA) |
| 2023 Budapest<br> | Jakob Ingebrigtsen (NOR) | Mohamed Katir (ESP) | Jacob Krop (KEN) |
#### Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Period | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mo Farah | Great Britain (GBR) | 2011–2015 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | Ismael Kirui | Kenya (KEN) | 1993–1995 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Muktar Edris | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2017–2019 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Jakob Ingebrigtsen | Norway (NOR) | 2022-2023 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Bernard Lagat | United States (USA) | 2007–2011 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | Benjamin Limo | Kenya (KEN) | 2003–2009 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 7 | Kenenisa Bekele | Ethiopia (ETH) | 1999–2005 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Khalid Boulami | Morocco (MAR) | 1995–1997 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Fita Bayisa | Ethiopia (ETH) | 1991–1993 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Hagos Gebrhiwet | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2013-2015 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Jacob Krop | Kenya (KEN) | 2022-2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
#### Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kenya (KEN) | 7 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| 2 | Ethiopia (ETH) | 3 | 6 | 4 | 13 |
| 3 | Great Britain (GBR) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Morocco (MAR) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 5 | Norway (NOR) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | United States (USA) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 7 | Ireland (IRL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Portugal (POR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Uganda (UGA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 12 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Qatar (QAT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
### Women's 5000 metres
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 Gothenburg<br> | Sonia O'Sullivan (IRL) | Fernanda Ribeiro (POR) | Zahra Ouaziz (MAR) |
| 1997 Athens<br> | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) | Roberta Brunet (ITA) | Fernanda Ribeiro (POR) |
| 1999 Seville<br> | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) | Zahra Ouaziz (MAR) | Ayelech Worku (ETH) |
| 2001 Edmonton<br> | Olga Yegorova (RUS) | Marta Dominguez (ESP) | Ayelech Worku (ETH) |
| 2003 Saint-Denis<br> | Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH) | Marta Dominguez (ESP) | Edith Masai (KEN) |
| 2005 Helsinki<br> | Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH) | Meseret Defar (ETH) | Ejegayehu Dibaba (ETH) |
| 2007 Osaka<br> | Meseret Defar (ETH) | Vivian Cheruiyot (KEN) | Priscah Jepleting Cherono (KEN) |
| 2009 Berlin<br> | Vivian Cheruiyot (KEN) | Sylvia Jebiwott Kibet (KEN) | Meseret Defar (ETH) |
| 2011 Daegu<br> | Vivian Cheruiyot (KEN) | Sylvia Jebiwott Kibet (KEN) | Meseret Defar (ETH) |
| 2013 Moscow<br> | Meseret Defar (ETH) | Mercy Cherono (KEN) | Almaz Ayana (ETH) |
| 2015 Beijing<br> | Almaz Ayana (ETH) | Senbere Teferi (ETH) | Genzebe Dibaba (ETH) |
| 2017 London<br> | Hellen Obiri (KEN) | Almaz Ayana (ETH) | Sifan Hassan (NED) |
| 2019 Doha<br> | Hellen Obiri (KEN) | Margaret Kipkemboi (KEN) | Konstanze Klosterhalfen (GER) |
| 2022 Eugene<br> | Gudaf Tsegay (ETH) | Beatrice Chebet (KEN) | Dawit Seyaum (ETH) |
| 2023 Budapest<br> | Faith Kipyegon (KEN) | Sifan Hassan (NED) | Beatrice Chebet (KEN) |
#### Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Period | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Meseret Defar | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2005–2013 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 2 | Vivian Cheruiyot | Kenya (KEN) | 2007–2011 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Hellen Obiri | Kenya (KEN) | 2017-2019 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Gabriela Szabo | Romania (ROU) | 1997–1999 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Tirunesh Dibaba | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2003–2005 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Almaz Ayana | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2013–2017 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 7 | Marta Domínguez | Spain (ESP) | 2001–2003 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| | Sylvia Jebiwott Kibet | Kenya (KEN) | 2001–2003 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Sifan Hassan | Netherlands (NED) | 2017-2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Beatrice Chebet | Kenya (KEN) | 2022-2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Fernanda Ribeiro | Portugal (POR) | 1995–1997 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Zahra Ouaziz | Morocco (MAR) | 1995–1999 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 13 | Ayelech Worku | Ethiopia (ETH) | 1999–2001 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
#### Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ethiopia (ETH) | 6 | 3 | 8 | 17 |
| 2 | Kenya (KEN) | 5 | 6 | 3 | 14 |
| 3 | Romania (ROU) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Ireland (IRL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 7 | Morocco (MAR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Portugal (POR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
### Women's 3000 metres
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 Sittard<br> | Birgit Friedmann (FRG) | Karoline Nemetz (SWE) | Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) |
| 1983 Helsinki<br> | Mary Decker (USA) | Brigitte Kraus (FRG) | Tatyana Kovalenko-Kazankina (URS) |
| 1987 Rome<br> | Tetyana Samolenko (URS) | Maricica Puică (ROU) | Ulrike Bruns (GDR) |
| 1991 Tokyo<br> | Tetyana Dorovskikh (URS) | Yelena Romanova (URS) | Susan Sirma (KEN) |
| 1993 Stuttgart<br> | Qu Yunxia (CHN) | Zhang Linli (CHN) | Zhang Lirong (CHN) |
#### Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Period | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tatyana Dorovskikh | Soviet Union (URS) | 1987–1991 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
#### Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | China (CHN) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | West Germany (FRG) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | United States (USA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Romania (ROU) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Kenya (KEN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
## Finishing times
**Top ten fastest world championships times (5000 metres)**
## Championship record progression
### Men
Men's 5000 metres World Championships record progression
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Year | Round | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:43.36 | Markus Ryffel | Switzerland (SUI) | 1983 | First round | 10 August |
| 13:32.34 | Markus Ryffel | Switzerland (SUI) | 1983 | Semi-final | 12 August |
| 13:31.40 | Dmitriy Dmitriyev | Soviet Union (URS) | 1983 | Semi-final | 12 August |
| 13:28.53 | Eamon Coghlan | Ireland (IRL) | 1983 | Final | 14 August |
| 13:22.68 | John Ngugi | Kenya (KEN) | 1987 | Heats | 4 September |
| 13:14.45 | Yobes Ondieki | Kenya (KEN) | 1991 | Final | 1 September |
| 13:02.75 | Ismael Kirui | Kenya (KEN) | 1993 | Final | 16 August |
| 12:58.12 | Salah Hissou | Morocco (MAR) | 1999 | Final | 28 August |
| 12:52.79 | Eliud Kipchoge | Kenya (KEN) | 2003 | Final | 31 August |
### Women 5000 metres
Women's 5000 metres World Championships record progression
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Year | Round | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:36.39 | Elena Fidatov | Romania (ROU) | 1995 | Heats | 10 August |
| 15:13.88 | Sonia O'Sullivan | Ireland (IRL) | 1995 | Heats | 10 August |
| 14:46.47 | Sonia O'Sullivan | Ireland (IRL) | 1995 | Final | 10 August |
| 14:41.82 | Gabriela Szabo | Romania (ROU) | 1999 | Final | 27 August |
| 14:38.59 | Tirunesh Dibaba | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2005 | Final | 13 August |
| 14:26.83 | Almaz Ayana | Ethiopia (ETH) | 2015 | Final | 30 August |
| 14:26.72 | Hellen Obiri | Kenya (KEN) | 2019 | Final | 5 October |
### Women 3000 metres
Women's 3000 metres World Championships record progression
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Year | Round | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9:04.7 | Aurora Cunha | Portugal (POR) | 1980 | Heats | 14 August |
| 9:04.7 | Birgit Friedmann | West Germany (FRG) | 1980 | Heats | 14 August |
| 8:48.05 | Birgit Friedmann | West Germany (FRG) | 1980 | Heats | 14 August |
| 8:46.65 | Svetlana Ulmasova | Soviet Union (URS) | 1983 | Heats | 8 August |
| 8:44.72 | Tatyana Kazankina | Soviet Union (URS) | 1983 | Heats | 8 August |
| 8:34.62 | Mary Decker | United States (USA) | 1983 | Final | 8 August |
| 8:28.71 | Qu Yunxia | China (CHN) | 1993 | Final | 16 August |
## Bibliography
## InfoBox
| 5000 metres<br>at the World Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Women competing in the 2013 final | |
| Overview | |
| Gender | Men and women |
| Years held | Men: 19832023 <br>Women: 19952023 |
| Championship record | |
| Men | 12:52.79 Eliud Kipchoge (2003) |
| Women | 14:26.72 Hellen Obiri (2019) |
| Reigning champion | |
| Men | Jakob Ingebrigtsen (NOR) |
| Women | Faith Kipyegon (KEN) |
|
23,159,907
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5001st_Composite_Wing
|
5001st Composite Wing
|
The 5001st Composite Wing is a defunct United States Air Force organization. Throughout its existence, it was assigned to the Alaskan Air Command and stationed at Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska. It was established as the Yukon Composite Wing on 15 June 1948, and then redesignated as the 5001st Composite Wing on 20 September 1948. It was inactivated on 1 October 1957 when the four digit unit designations on Ladd got changed to 5060th.
| 2024-09-03T13:52:16
|
# 5001st Composite Wing
The **5001st Composite Wing** is a defunct United States Air Force organization. Throughout its existence, it was assigned to the Alaskan Air Command and stationed at Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska.
It was established as the Yukon Composite Wing on 15 June 1948, and then redesignated as the 5001st Composite Wing on 20 September 1948. It was inactivated on 1 October 1957 when the four digit unit designations on Ladd got changed to 5060th.
## Components
Redesigned: 72d Reconnaissance Squadron, 25 October 1947 – 28 June 1949
## Operations
Activated at Ladd AFB in 1948 as the host unit for a diverse mission. The wing routinely hosted attached aircraft and personnel from CONUS bases in large-scale winter exercises, while at the same time guarding against the Cold War threat of Soviet aggression. Attached units carried out a wide variety of missions, including
* Strategic Aerial Reconnaissance
* Air Defense
* Search and Rescue
* Arctic Research
The 5001st also hosted Army personnel deployed to the Fairbanks area. The wing was inactivated in 1961 when Ladd AFB turned over to the United States Army.
### Strategic Aerial Reconnaissance
In the early years of the Cold War, some of the most important strategic reconnaissance was carried out by Strategic Air Command units deployed to Ladd AFB. One of the SAC's initial missions was to plan strategic aerial reconnaissance on a global scale. The first efforts were in photo reconnaissance and mapping. Along with the photo-recon mission, a small electronic intelligence, or ELINT, cadre was operating. Weather reconnaissance was part of the effort, as was Long Range Detection, the search for Soviet atomic explosions.
In the late 1940s, strategic intelligence on Soviet capabilities and intentions was scarce. Before the development of the U-2 high-altitude spy plane and reconnaissance satellites, technology and politics limited American reconnaissance efforts to the borders, and not the heartland, of the Soviet Union. Ladd AFB was one of the important staging areas for gathering what strategic intelligence could be obtained along Soviet borders.
However the early reconnaissance crews did more than gather intelligence about Soviet coastal operations. With the advent of the polar concept, military planners realized that they had very little operational knowledge of the Arctic region north of Alaska. Alaskan recon crews had a variety of missions that helped lay the groundwork for polar navigation, flying and maintaining aircraft under Arctic conditions, and understanding weather systems. Their missions contributed to military and civilian knowledge in topography, Arctic search and rescue, and other areas.
Ladd was the base for one of the first strategic reconnaissance squadrons of the Cold War was the 46th Reconnaissance Squadron (later redesignated the 72d Reconnaissance Squadron (also known as the 46th/72d). The squadron's mission was to develop accurate polar navigation, survey and map the Arctic, perform comprehensive weather studies, test its men and equipment in Arctic conditions, and later train other units, particularly SAC bombers, in polar navigation and operations and fly long range photographic intelligence flights with RB-29 Superfortresses.
During the squadron's tenure at Ladd its men accomplished some of the most challenging tasks of Arctic flying and laid the groundwork for other units which carried on its mission through the 1950s. The 46th/72d was a tenant unit, reporting directly to SAC headquarters.
SAC selected Ladd as the home for this unit because of Ladd's northern location. In 1946, prior to the formation of the Yukon Composite Wing, the base was in caretaker status. Demobilization was still the order of the day throughout the services. Ongoing cold weather testing was Ladd's main operation, together with oversight of the scattered outposts of the Yukon Sector. The 46th/72d's reconnaissance missions were intertwined with basic operational concerns, particularly since this was the first such unit to undertake long-range, long-term duties in the western Arctic. In order to perform reconnaissance, for example, the crews had to perfect the grid navigation system for polar flying, a complex method which until that time had not been systematically tested.
As a photo reconnaissance unit, the 46th/72d collected intelligence until 1949, when other units took over the work. Its missions included searching for unclaimed Arctic land masses, evaluating the Soviet presence in the Arctic, and photomapping Alaska, the Canadian archipelago, Greenland, and portions of Soviet territory. Using specially modified RB-29s, crews flew long-range missions of 12 to 30 hours' duration, virtually all of it under strict radio silence. The ten-man crews included a captain and a combination of relief pilots, navigators, radar operators, radio operators, and photographers. One aircraft, #871, had a high-tech oblique camera with 100 inch focal length which could photograph installations up to 100 miles away.
Some of the most important missions involved reconnaissance of the Soviets' Chukotski Peninsula in 1948 and 1949, which allayed fears of Soviet buildup in that region directed against the United States. The 46th/72d also photographed the Kamchatka Peninsula, Anadyr, Diomede, Wrangel Island, northern Siberia, and Novaya Zemlya, the Soviet Union's nuclear testing area.
Aerial reconnaissance also contributed to mapping projects in Alaska and the Arctic carried out by a number of agencies including the Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Coast & Geodetic Survey. In 1946–48, the 46th/72d recon squadron, with the assistance of Canadian crews, completed the "Polaris" project which systematically photomapped the Canadian archipelago. Later, builders of the DEW Line referred back to this information during site selection.' In October 1949, the National Geographic Society released its new map of the Arctic, crediting the aerial photography teams of the U.S. Air Force, and the Ladd squadron in particular, with providing the updated information.
In addition to the aerial reconnaissance, Electronic Reconnaissance (ELINT) missions were flown from Eielson, during the summer of 1947. By 1949, the missions had discovered and assessed eleven Soviet radar sites, and had revealed where significant gaps in Soviet Arctic defenses lay. This gave planners the information they needed to develop routes for strategic bombers, and laid the groundwork for the initial war plans covering the Soviet Far East. Electronic reconnaissance continued through the 1950s although little information is available. At neighboring Eielson AFB, ELINT missions took place throughout the 1950s and continued to the 1980s
Weather reconnaissance took place throughout Ladd's Cold War years, from the first arrival of the 59th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron in 1946 through the flights of the 55th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron in 1960. Gathering weather information for combat readiness was an integrated part of strategic aerial reconnaissance. Weather recon, though, was a particularly loose term. There was a constant need for weather information, but weather flights were also a convenient cover for the more covert missions.
As neighboring Eielson AFB developed into a SAC base, much of the reconnaissance mission shifted to its facilities. Eielson became the primary site for strategic reconnaissance around 1949, when the 375th Reconnaissance Squadron was transferred from Ladd.
### Air Defense
The wing's central mission was air defense. Ladd AFB was the northern hub for Alaskan air defense operations and logistics. It was the sector command headquarters for air defense engagement, coordinating ground control and intercept functions and supporting the outlying northern elements of the air defense system.
Initially, Ladd's role was to emphasize defense against manned aircraft attack. However, after 1957, ballistic missiles changed the direction of air defense, and Ladd's role would change accordingly. The regional air defense mission involved locating, identifying, and destroying hostile manned aircraft. It consisted of several coordinated functions. Radar sites swept the skies for indications of air intrusions; communications links provided information to the ground controllers and intercept pilots; fighter-intercept aircraft were kept on alert for dispatch to identify and intercept intruders. Ground controllers prepared to track and direct potential air battles, while ground-based artillery units stood by to attack any enemy aircraft that passed through the intercept net and approached the air base itself.
AC&W squadrons from Ladd manned the new outlying radar sites as they came on line in the early 1950s. They were supported by fighter intercept squadrons based at Ladd. In 1951, three AC&W squadrons were active; by the late 1950s, there were as many as ten AC&W squadrons assisted by three squadrons of fighter-interceptors at Ladd and Galena, the major forward base Fighter-intercept pilots and ground crews served on alert duty, ready to scramble their aircraft to intercept any unknown airplanes entering Alaskan airspace in the northern zone.
An Air Defense Control Center (ADCC) coordinated air defense operations and training exercises for the AC&W, Fighter-Interceptor, and AAA units. After 1958, the entire air defense operation ran out of the Alaskan NORAD Region Command and Control Center at Elmendorf.
As part of the national-level division of roles and missions, Army units were responsible for certain ground-based air defenses. At Ladd, Army AAA units cooperated with the ADCC to provide antiaircraft defense with Skysweeper artillery. After 1959, five outlying Nike sites protected the Ladd/Eielson complex. The Nike Hercules weapons were computer-guided surface-to-air missiles designed to explode amid enemy bomber formations.
### Search and Rescue
During World War II, Alaska's military search and rescue teams had developed equipment, operating systems and knowledge to serve the men in action. At the end of the war, the resources all but disappeared. By April 1946, the Alaskan Air Command realized that it would need to re-establish this capability, and it consolidated its efforts into one reorganized unit, the 10th Air Rescue Squadron.
With headquarters and a coordination center located at Elmendorf AFB, this unit took responsibility for search, aid and rescue. The 10th maintained the 74th detachment at Ladd, which was upgraded to a squadron in 1952. By the time USAF inactivated the 10th Rescue in 1958, it had saved military and civilian lives throughout the Territory and had become well known as the glamour unit of the 1950s Air Force in Alaska.
### Arctic Research
Cold weather testing was Ladd Field's original mission. The first Cold Weather Detachment arrived in September 1940 and set to work testing aircraft, clothing and equipment. By the end of the war, they had evaluated nearly every type of aircraft in the frigid conditions of interior Alaska. Initially, Ladd Field had been the only U.S. facility which could perform these tests under continuous conditions of extreme cold.
By 1950, Ladd's Cold Weather Test Group had been assigned to the new Air Force Research and Development Command. The 5001st Research and Development Group at Ladd came into existence a year later "to monitor all arctic tests of equipment and material...which are conducted in Alaska..., \[and\] to furnish test facilities and administrative services...."9~ Under this umbrella, the 5064th Cold Weather Materiel Testing Squadron continued the cold weather testing mission together with the Arctic Aeromedical Lab In 1951 the 5064th performed tests on engines, arctic flying clothing, and armament as well as on aircraft maintenance procedures. The 5064th operated aircraft maintenance and shop facilities.
From 1946 to 1961, USAF engaged in observations of polar ice pack phenomena which resulted in the support of three major manned ice stations. The Russians had begun drift station research a decade earlier. In 1937, they undertook scientific experiments from a drifting ice station near the North Pole, and they had followed that up after the war with an accelerated program of ice pack investigations.
USAF began its inquiries in 1946 with the reconnaissance sorties of Project Nanook, as the 460th photo recon unit from Ladd searched the Arctic for undiscovered lands
During the 1950s, AAC and Ladd AFB were involved in supporting a series of ice stations. The first, T-3, was located on a drifting ice island and hosted scientific parties during several lengthy occupations. Joint military-civilian teams first occupied T-3 from 1952 – 1954 during Project Icicle. Under Project Ice Skate, the station was used again during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58 and beyond. Over the years, T-3 drifted across the Arctic basin, leaving the zone of AAC support periodically. During the IGY, when T-3 had drifted to Greenland, two other stations were established in the western Arctic as pack ice stations.
Ice Station Alpha was occupied from 1957 – late 1958. When it began to break up, crews established a new station the following spring. Known as Ice Station Charlie, it lasted ten months before meeting the same fate. In 1961, USAF ended its sponsor¬ship of ice station research, turning its remaining facilities on T-3 over to the Navy. In an approach typical of the Cold War, ice station research included both basic and applied science in a framework of partnership between military and contracted researchers. By sponsoring and supporting the stations, USAF contributed to basic geophysical research as it tested military applications for its own purposes. Contributions to basic geophysics included studies in oceanography, arctic meteorology and the upper atmosphere, ice movement, solar radiation, gravity and magnetism, and ice island features and origins. The Air Force also gained experience in developing the islands as forward military stations with weather stations, emergency landing facilities and listening posts.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
## InfoBox
| 5001st Composite Wing | |
| --- | --- |
| Emblem of the 5001st Air Base Group | |
| Active | 1948–1961 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Air Defense/Cold Weather Testing |
| Part of | Alaskan Air Command |
|
10,126,953
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/75th_Battalion_(Mississauga),_CEF
|
75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF
|
The 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 29 March 1916. It disembarked in France on 12 August 1916, where it fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
| 2024-08-31T10:01:20
|
# 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF
The **75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF** was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 29 March 1916. It disembarked in France on 12 August 1916, where it fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
## History
The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915. Recruitment was undertaken in Toronto, Hamilton and London, Ontario and the unit was mobilized at Toronto. The 75th was formed by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel G. Beckett, who had been trained as a cavalry officer in the 9th Mississauga Horse. Following training in Niagara and Toronto, the 75th left for overseas on 29 March 1916 and arrived on 9 April 1916.
On arrival in England they formed part of the newly created **11th Brigade** of the **4th Canadian Division** and saw their first action in the trenches in Belgium in August 1916. Within the month, the 75th Battalion was at the Somme and fought with great distinction in the battles at the Regina and Desire Trenches.
In December, the 75th had been moved to Vimy Ridge, immediately after taking part in the assault on the Regina Trench, where they, with the rest of the Canadian Army dug in, prepared for, and waited until the great assault on 9 April 1917.
On the night of February 28 – 1 March 1917, the 75th, along with the 72nd, the 73rd, and the 54th Battalions were chosen to conduct a multi-battalion sized raid on German positions at Hill 145 at Vimy Ridge in preparation for the larger assault 5 weeks later. A total of 1,700 personnel of all ranks participated in this large scale raid, 491 (all ranks) participating from the 75th. The defensive position was manned by soldiers of the 261st Regiment "Section Fischer" in the centre, on the left as the Canadians attacked, was the 16th Bavarian Infantry Division, and the 262nd Regiment "Section Zollern" on the right.
All 75th Battalion troops were ready at their jumping off point just behind the Snargate Trench by 0250 hours. Phosgene gas had been released by the Canadians prior to going "over the top". The gas release had alerted the defenders that an attack was forthcoming, and the alarm was raised. German shells began a steady fire on the Canadian lines, some hitting canisters of Chlorine gas that had been brought forward but not deployed. The Battalion had to wait until the gas cleared before advancing. A second wave of gas released by the 12th Brigade rolled down no-mans land right on top of the 75th, further delaying the assault. By this time the Germans were fully prepared, and waiting. After waiting for their own artillery barrage, they finally advanced at 0547 hours. The German defences were too strong to breach, especially on the right of the battalion's attack, and the battalion had no choice but to retire to the comparative safety of their own lines.
The raid was especially costly, as it claimed the life of the Commanding Officer, LCol S.G. Beckett, his adjutant Maj. James Miles Langstaff, and a total of 9 Officers, 112 other ranks killed, missing or wounded. These losses so depleted the battalion that its participation in the multi-divisional assault of Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917 was as a weakened battalion in the 11th Brigade, behind the 87th Battalion, the 102nd Battalion, and the 11th Canadian Machine Gun Company. Elements of the 75th attacked in the first wave at 0530 hrs in front of the Tottenham Trench on a particularly stubborn German sniping position. By 1500 hours the area was reported clear with 40 prisoners captured.
One member of the 75th Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Medical Officer Captain Bellenden Hutcheson was awarded the medal for his actions on 2 September 1918 at the Drocourt-Quéant Line.
The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
## Perpetuation
The 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF is perpetuated by **The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own)**.
## Commanding officers
The 75th Battalion had three commanding officers:
* Lt.-Col. S.G. Beckett, 1 April 1916 – 1 March 1917
* Lt.-Col. C.B. Worsnop, DSO, 11 March 1917 – 16 April 1917
* Lt.-Col. A.J. C.C. Harbottle, DSO, 16 April 1917 – Demobilization
## Further reading
* McKillican, The Reverend Donald R., CD Major (Ret'd), *The Hodden Grey: A Short History of The 75th (Mississauga) Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force World War I and the Toronto Scottish Regiment 1915–1995*, Toronto, Ont.: 1995.
* Nicholson, Col. G.W.L. *Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919*, Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, 1962
## InfoBox
| The 75th (Mississauga) Battalion, CEF | |
| --- | --- |
| Cap badge of the 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF | |
| Active | 10 July 1915 – 15 September 1920 |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch | Militia |
| Type | Line Infantry |
| Role | Light Infantry |
| Size | One battalion |
| Part of | 4th Canadian Division |
| Garrison/HQ | Toronto |
| Nickname(s) | the Six-Bits, the 'Jolly 75' |
| Motto(s) | *Carry On* |
| Colors | Laid up at Knox Presbyterian Church, Toronto, Ontario |
| Battle honours | (The battle honours in **bold** are on the Battalion Colour) |
| Insignia | |
| Unit Distinguishing Patch | |
|
19,412,425
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87.8_FM
|
87.8 FM
|
This is a list of radio stations that broadcast on FM frequency 87.8 MHz:
| 2024-01-05T04:48:08
|
# 87.8 FM
This is a list of radio stations that broadcast on FM frequency **87.8 MHz**:
## Australia
## China
* CNR Business Radio in Haikou
* CNR Hong Kong Radio
* TJTRS Tianjin Binhai Radio
## France
## Malaysia
* 8FM in Kedah, Perlis, Penang & Taiping, Perak
* Sinar in Johor Bahru, Johor & Singapore
## New Zealand
* Various low-power stations up to 1 watt
## United States
In the United States, a number of low-power radio stations operate on analog television channel 6; this channel broadcasts its audio on the 87.75 MHz frequency. While most of these stations market themselves on "87.7," (due to the .2 MHz odd-decimal spacing used in the United States) such stations are equally audible on 87.8 MHz.
|
52,376,353
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Minnesota_Legislature
|
6th Minnesota Legislature
|
The sixth Minnesota Legislature first convened on January 5, 1864. The half of the 21 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented even-numbered districts were elected during the General Election of November 4, 1862, while the 42 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives and the other half of the members of the Minnesota Senate were elected during the General Election of November 3, 1863.
| 2024-08-03T02:15:34
|
# 6th Minnesota Legislature
The **sixth Minnesota Legislature** first convened on January 5, 1864. The half of the 21 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented even-numbered districts were elected during the General Election of November 4, 1862, while the 42 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives and the other half of the members of the Minnesota Senate were elected during the General Election of November 3, 1863.
## Sessions
The legislature met in a **regular session** from January 5, 1864 to March 4, 1864. There were no special sessions of the 6th Minnesota Legislature.
## Party summary
### Senate
| | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | | Total | Vacant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | |
| | Democratic | Republican | | |
| End of previous Legislature | 5 | 16 | 21 | 0 |
| | | | | |
| Begin | 4 | 17 | 21 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | 19% | 81% | | |
| | | | | |
| Beginning of the next Legislature | 4 | 17 | 21 | 0 |
### House of Representatives
| | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | | | Total | Vacant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | |
| | Democratic | Republican | Union Dem. | | |
| End of previous Legislature | 12 | 29 | 1 | 40 | 2 |
| | | | | | |
| Begin | 11 | 27 | 4 | 42 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | 26% | 64% | 10% | | |
| | | | | | |
| Beginning of the next Legislature | 10 | 32 | 0 | 42 | 0 |
## Leadership
### Senate
Lieutenant Governor Charles D. Sherwood (R-Elkhorn)
### House of Representatives
Speaker of the House Jared Benson (R-Anoka)
## Members
### Senate
| Name | District | City | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Berry, John McDonogh | 08 | Faribault | Republican |
| Cameron, Daniel | 13 | La Crescent | Republican |
| Daniels, John V. | 12 | Rochester | Republican |
| Langley, Dudley F. | 07 | Hastings | Republican |
| Lincoln, Isaac | 18 | Shakopee | Democratic |
| McKusick, John | 02 | Stillwater | Republican |
| Miller, Luke | 14 | Chatfield | Republican |
| Morrison, Dorilus | 05 | Minneapolis | Republican |
| Nicols, John | 21 | Saint Paul | Republican |
| Norton, Daniel Sheldon | 11 | Winona | Republican |
| Ottman, R. | 10 | Lake City | Republican |
| Pillsbury, John Sargent | 04 | Saint Anthony | Republican |
| Porter, John J. | 17 | Mankato | Democratic |
| Rice, Edmund | 01 | Saint Paul | Democratic |
| Shillock, Daniel G. | 20 | New Ulm | Republican |
| Sprague, Benjamin D. | 15 | Lansing | Republican |
| Stevens, F. J. | 16 | Meriden | Republican |
| Swift, Henry Adoniram | 19 | Saint Peter | Republican |
| Thatcher, Joseph A. | 09 | Zumbrota | Republican |
| Warner, Charles A. | 06 | Chaska | Republican |
| Wilson, Joseph P. | 03 | Saint Cloud | Democratic |
### House of Representatives
| Name | District | City | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ackley, J. F. | 07 | Lakeville | Unknown |
| Armstrong, Thomas Henry | 12 | High Forest | Republican |
| Barlow, Augustus | 15 | Wasioja | Unknown |
| Benson, Jared | 04 | Anoka | Republican |
| Bullis, A. H. | 08 | Warsaw | Unknown |
| Butler, W. G. | 06 | Clearwater | Republican |
| Butters, Reuben | 17 | Kasota | Democratic |
| Coffin, Samuel | 19 | Nicollet | Unknown |
| Coleman, John A. | 05 | Tamarack | Unknown |
| Conniff, Thomas H. | 13 | Caledonia | Unknown |
| Crane, Royal | 15 | Mantorville | Unknown |
| Dixon, Thomas P. | 11 | Saratoga | Unknown |
| Ferrin, Jonathan | 04 | Sauk Rapids | Unknown |
| Fitz, Rudolph H. | 01 | Saint Paul | Unknown |
| Foster, Major J. | 14 | Forestville | Democratic |
| Gates, J. M. | 09 | Roscoe | Unknown |
| Gibbs, John La Porte | 16 | Geneva | Republican |
| Graham, Gilbert | 05 | Richfield | Unknown |
| Grannis, Sidney Smith | 09 | Red Wing | Unknown |
| Guiteau, Kendrick N. | 07 | West Saint Paul | Unknown |
| Henry, R. R. | 02 | Point Douglas | Unknown |
| Hill, Henry | 06 | Glencoe | Unknown |
| Huey, William | 19 | Traverse des Sioux | Republican |
| Hunt, S. A. | 14 | Spring Valley | Unknown |
| Johnson, Hugh | 18 | Cedar Lake | Unknown |
| Kidder, Jefferson Parish | 01 | Saint Paul | Democratic |
| Kiefer, Andrew Robert | 21 | Saint Paul | Republican |
| Latimer, Jacob A. | 20 | Winnebago City | Unknown |
| Letford, John S. | 06 | Carver | Republican |
| McKay, John J. | 10 | Plainview | Unknown |
| Meagher, John L. | 17 | Marysburg | Unknown |
| Moulton, Justin P. | 12 | Marion | Republican |
| Nourse, A. N. | 08 | Northfield | Unknown |
| Richardson, Reuben M. | 03 | Torah | Democratic |
| Rigby, W. T. | 03 | Clearwater | Unknown |
| Ruffee, C. A. | 03 | Crow Wing | Unknown |
| Smith, Ansel | 02 | Franconia | Republican |
| Soule, Jesse H. | 02 | Stillwater | Unknown |
| Whittemore, Reuben | 14 | Rushford | Unknown |
| Wiswell, James A. | 17 | Garden City | Democratic |
| Woodruff, Philo | 16 | Swavesey | Republican |
| Youmans, Earl S. | 11 | Winona | Republican |
## InfoBox
| Sixth Minnesota Legislature | |
| --- | --- |
| 5th Minnesota Legislature 7th Minnesota Legislature | |
| | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | Minnesota Legislature |
| Jurisdiction | Minnesota, United States |
| Term | January 5, 1864 (1864-01-05) – January 3, 1865 (1865-01-03) |
| Website | www.leg.state.mn.us |
| Minnesota State Senate | |
| Members | 21 Senators |
| Lieutenant Governor | Charles D. Sherwood |
| Party control | Republican Party |
| Minnesota House of Representatives | |
| Members | 42 Representatives |
| Speaker | Jared Benson |
| Party control | Republican Party |
|
2,328,462
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_cm_mountain_gun
|
7 cm mountain gun
|
The 7 cm mountain gun was a Japanese ordnance first used in 1883. It was used in the First Sino-Japanese War as the main artillery, and was used again in the Russo-Japanese War by second-line troops.
| 2023-04-11T22:26:17
|
# 7 cm mountain gun
The **7 cm mountain gun** was a Japanese ordnance first used in 1883. It was used in the First Sino-Japanese War as the main artillery, and was used again in the Russo-Japanese War by second-line troops .
## History
From 1880, the Imperial Japanese Army wanted to produce guns on its own. With Italian help, the army designed new 75 mm guns. Because steel was expensive as a raw material in Japan at the time, bronze was used to produce the gun barrel.
1. "7cm Gun". *www3.plala.or.jp*. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
## InfoBox
| 7 cm mountain gun | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Type | Mountain gun |
| Place of origin | Empire of Japan |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Wars | Russo Japanese War<br>First Sino-Japanese War |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | .256 tonnes (560 lb) |
| Barrel length | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) L/13.3 |
| --- | |
| Shell | 4.28 kilograms (9.4 lb) |
| Caliber | 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) |
| Elevation | -10° to +21° |
| Muzzle velocity | 255 m/s (840 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 3,000 m (3,300 yd) |
|
36,335
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/665
|
665
|
Year 665 (DCLXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 665 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| 2023-08-23T03:28:56
|
# 665
665 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 665<br>*DCLXV* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 1418 |
| Armenian calendar | 114<br>ԹՎ ՃԺԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5415 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 586–587 |
| Bengali calendar | 72 |
| Berber calendar | 1615 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1209 |
| Burmese calendar | 27 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6173–6174 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲子年 (Wood Rat)<br>3362 or 3155<br>*to* <br>乙丑年 (Wood Ox)<br>3363 or 3156 |
| Coptic calendar | 381–382 |
| Discordian calendar | 1831 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 657–658 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4425–4426 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 721–722 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 586–587 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 3765–3766 |
| Holocene calendar | 10665 |
| Iranian calendar | 43–44 |
| Islamic calendar | 44–45 |
| Japanese calendar | Hakuchi 16<br>(白雉１６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 556–557 |
| Julian calendar | 665<br>*DCLXV* |
| Korean calendar | 2998 |
| Minguo calendar | 1247 before ROC<br>民前1247年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −803 |
| Seleucid era | 976/977 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1207–1208 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木鼠年<br>(male Wood-Rat)<br>791 or 410 or −362<br>*to* <br>阴木牛年<br>(female Wood-Ox)<br>792 or 411 or −361 |
Year **665** (**DCLXV**) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 665 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
## Events
### By place
#### Europe
#### Britain
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#### Asia
### By topic
#### Religion
#### Science
## Births
## Deaths
### Sources
## InfoBox
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
|
34,534,144
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/76th_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)
|
76th Brigade (United Kingdom)
|
The 76th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army. It was raised during World War I as part of Lord Kitchener's New Armies and was assigned to the 25th Division, and was sent, with the rest of the division, to the Western Front in September 1915, remaining there for the rest of the war. In mid-October 1915 the brigade was exchanged for the 7th Brigade and joined the 3rd Division.
| 2024-01-11T13:46:37
|
# 76th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The **76th Brigade** was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army. It was raised during World War I as part of Lord Kitchener's New Armies and was assigned to the 25th Division, and was sent, with the rest of the division, to the Western Front in September 1915, remaining there for the rest of the war. In mid-October 1915 the brigade was exchanged for the 7th Brigade and joined the 3rd Division.
## Order of battle
The 76th Brigade was composed as follows during the war:
|
61,749,748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_(Jason_Aldean_album)
|
9 (Jason Aldean album)
|
9 is the ninth studio album by American country music singer Jason Aldean. It was released on November 22, 2019 via Broken Bow Records. It debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart. It also debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart.
| 2024-08-04T00:26:12
|
# 9 (Jason Aldean album)
***9*** is the ninth studio album by American country music singer Jason Aldean. It was released on November 22, 2019 via Broken Bow Records. It debuted at No. 2 on the *Billboard* 200 chart. It also debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart.
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| God Is in the TV | (favorable) |
| The Musical Divide | |
## Content
As with all of Aldean's previous albums, *9* was released on Broken Bow Records, with Michael Knox serving as producer. The lead single is "We Back", a song that was co-written by Tyler Hubbard of Florida Georgia Line. A press release described the 16 tracks as "interwoven \[...\] in an era that's hyper-focused on singles". The album was noted to have stayed true to Aldean’s “foundation” with his “signature blend of country and rock”.
## Commercial performance
The album debuted at No. 2 on the *Billboard* 200 based on 83,000 equivalent album units, 68,000 of which are in traditional album sales. It also debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart, which made it his seventh No. 1 on the chart. It sold a further 11,000 copies the second week. As of March 2020, the album has sold 143,300 copies in the United States, with 269,000 units consumed in total.
## Track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tattoos and Tequila" | | 3:10 |
| 2. | "Blame It on You" | * Kurt Allison * John Edwards * Tully Kennedy * Michael Tyler * Tyler Phillips * Brian Gene White | 3:35 |
| 3. | "Champagne Town" | | 3:11 |
| 4. | "Some Things You Don't Forget" | | 3:19 |
| 5. | "Got What I Got" | * Thomas Archer * Alex Palmer * Tyler | 2:58 |
| 6. | "Keeping It Small Town" | | 2:42 |
| 7. | "Camouflage Hat" | | 3:35 |
| 8. | "Came Here to Drink" | * Boyer * Palmer * Tyler | 3:02 |
| 9. | "We Back" | | 3:17 |
| 10. | "Dirt We Were Raised On" | | 3:36 |
| 11. | "I Don't Drink Anymore" | | 3:02 |
| 12. | "Cowboy Killer" | | 2:56 |
| 13. | "One for the Road" | * Lynn Hutton * Brandon Kinney * Thompson | 3:11 |
| 14. | "Talk About Georgia" | * Allison * Kennedy * Tyler | 2:44 |
| 15. | "The Same Way" | | 3:21 |
| 16. | "She Likes It" | * Boyer * Ben Stennis * Tyler | 4:33 |
| Total length: | | | 52:12 |
## Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic
## Charts
## Certifications
Sale certifications for "9"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.<br> | | |
## InfoBox
| 9 | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Studio album by Jason Aldean | |
| Released | November 22, 2019 (2019-11-22) |
| Genre | |
| Length | 52:32 |
| Label | |
| Producer | Michael Knox |
| Jason Aldean chronology | |
| *Rearview Town*<br>(2018) ***9***<br>(2019) *Macon, Georgia*<br>(2021/2022) | |
| | |
| Singles from *9* | |
| 1. "We Back"<br>Released: September 9, 2019 2. "Got What I Got"<br>Released: April 6, 2020 3. "Blame It on You"<br>Released: October 26, 2020 | |
| | |
|
30,801,178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_cm_Flak_41
|
5 cm Flak 41
|
The 5 cm Flak 41 (Flugabwehrkanone 41) was a German 50 mm (2.0 in) anti-aircraft gun produced for defending the intermediate zone above the range of light guns, but below the ceiling of the heavy pieces. The gun proved inadequate and was produced only in small numbers.
| 2024-09-05T10:36:54
|
# 5 cm Flak 41
The **5 cm Flak 41** *(Flugabwehrkanone 41)* was a German 50 mm (2.0 in) anti-aircraft gun produced for defending the intermediate zone above the range of light (37 mm (1.5 in)) guns, but below the ceiling of the heavy (75 mm (3.0 in) and above) pieces. The gun proved inadequate and was produced only in small numbers.
## Development
Development of the gun was slow: it began in 1936, but the contract was awarded to Rheinmetall-Borsig only in 1940. The gun was produced in two models, one mounted on a two-axle trailer, the other one stationary and used for defending important industrial installations. Neither was a success, and they shared the same faults. The speed of traverse was too slow for fast-moving targets and the gun proved underpowered, even though the propellant gave a blast powerful enough to dazzle the aimer in broad daylight. The relatively heavy cartridge (the shell alone weighed 2.2 kg (4.9 lb)) was cumbersome and heavy when loaded in 5-round clips.
The gun was automatic, gas-operated, and locked by the breech block dropping down, which engaged the buttress guides on the block against the guides on the jacket. The recoil of the breech operated the feed mechanism. The buffer was mounted centrally in the cradle, between the two springs of the recuperator.
Altogether 60 examples of the 5 cm Flak 41 were produced, starting from 1941, with only 24 of them still in use in 1945.
Later German attempts to create a medium anti-aircraft gun focused on 55 mm (2.2 in) weapons (Gerät 58) and the 5 cm Pak 38-derived Gerät 241.
## InfoBox
| 5 cm Flak 41 | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Type | Anti-aircraft gun |
| Place of origin | Nazi Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1941–1945 |
| Used by | Nazi Germany |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1936 |
| Manufacturer | Rheinmetall-Borsig |
| Produced | 1940 |
| No. built | 60 |
| Variants | * twin-axle wheeled carriage * static mount |
| Specifications (Flak 41 on trailer) | |
| Mass | 4,300 kg (9,500 lb) |
| Length | 605 cm (19 ft 10 in) |
| Barrel length | 434 cm (14 ft 3 in) bore (86.8 calibers) |
| Width | 239 cm (7 ft 10 in) |
| Height | 216 cm (7 ft 1 in) |
| Crew | 7 |
| --- | |
| Shell | 50 × 346B |
| Shell weight | HE; 2.25 kg (4 lb 15 oz) |
| Caliber | 50 mm (2.0 in) |
| Breech | gas-operated bolt |
| Elevation | -10° to +90° |
| Traverse | 360° |
| Rate of fire | 180 rounds/min (cyclic) |
| Muzzle velocity | 840 m/s (2,800 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | 3,050 m (10,010 ft) |
| Maximum firing range | 10,350 m (33,960 ft) |
| Feed system | 5 round clip |
|
19,462,879
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/816th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division
|
816th Strategic Aerospace Division
|
The 816th Strategic Aerospace Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Second Air Force at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, where it was inactivated on 1 July 1965. The division was activated in 1958 as the 816th Air Division, an operational headquarters for three dispersed wings flying Boeing B-52 Stratofortress and Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft from bases in Texas and Oklahoma. In 1961 it added a squadron of SM-65 Atlas missiles and a year later was renamed the 816th Strategic Aerospace Division to reflect its control of missile and bomber forces. The division continued this role until inactivation in 1965, when Strategic Air Command realigned its command structure.
| 2024-07-11T22:12:48
|
# 816th Strategic Aerospace Division
The **816th Strategic Aerospace Division** is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Second Air Force at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, where it was inactivated on 1 July 1965.
The division was activated in 1958 as the **816th Air Division**, an operational headquarters for three dispersed wings flying Boeing B-52 Stratofortress and Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft from bases in Texas and Oklahoma. In 1961 it added a squadron of SM-65 Atlas missiles and a year later was renamed the **816th Strategic Aerospace Division** to reflect its control of missile and bomber forces. The division continued this role until inactivation in 1965, when Strategic Air Command realigned its command structure.
## History
The **816th Air Division** was activated at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma in the summer of 1958 as an operational headquarters for dispersed Strategic Air Command (SAC) wings. During the late 1950s, SAC dispersed its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. The division initially commanded only the 11th Bombardment Wing, which had moved to Altus from Carswell Air Force Base, Texas six months earlier, and was beginning to re-equip with B-52s and Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers. Initially, the division and the wing shared the same commander. In September, the 4123d Air Base Group was organized at Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base, Oklahoma and assigned to the division. This group's mission was to prepare the former Naval Air Station for the arrival of operational aircraft the following year.
In early 1959, the division assumed command of two strategic wings, the 4245th, which was assigned in January when it organized at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, and the 4123d, assigned in March, shortly after it moved from Carswell to Clinton-Sherman. The 4123d Air Base Group was assigned from the division to this wing on the same day the wing became part of the 816th. Each of the division's wings had one B-52 squadron and one KC-135 squadron assigned. The division conducted training in strategic air warfare on a global scale from 1958 to 1965. Starting in 1960, one third of the aircraft assigned to the division's wings were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike. This was increased to half the wings' aircraft in 1962. Starting in November 1961, the division's wings began flying Operation Chrome Dome airborne alert missions as well. The Chrome Dome concept had been tested by the division's 4123d Strategic Wing, augmented by crews from its 11th Bombardment Wing under the name Operation High Trip.
In June 1961, the 11th Wing was assigned a squadron equipped with the SM-65 Atlas missiles. In the spring of 1962, SAC units with responsibility for both bomber and missile forces were renamed to include the term aerospace in their designations. The 816th became the **816th Strategic Aerospace Division**, while its 11th wWng became the 11th Strategic Aerospace Wing.
In February 1963, the 70th and 494th Bombardment Wings assumed the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the discontinued 4123d and 4245th Strategic Wings. The strategic wings were Major Command controlled (MAJCON) wings, which could not carry a permanent history or lineage, and SAC replaced them with a permanent units.
The division was inactivated in June 1965 when SAC realigned its command structure as B-52s began to be retired from the inventory, and its component wings were assigned to other divisions.
## Lineage
* Constituted as the **816th Air Division** on 20 May 1958
Activated on 1 July 1958 Redesignated **816th Strategic Aerospace Division** on 1 April 1962 Discontinued and inactivated on 1 July 1965
### Assignments
### Stations
* Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 1 July 1958 – 1 July 1965
### Components
**Wings**
* 11th Bombardment Wing (later 11th Strategic Aerospace wing): 1 July 1958 – 1 July 1965
* 70th Bombardment Wing: 1 February 1963 – 1 July 1965
Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base, Oklahoma * 494th Bombardment Wing: 1 February 1963 – 1 July 1963, 1 July 1964 – 1 July 1965
Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas * 4123d Strategic Wing: 1 March 1959 – 1 February 1963
Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base, Oklahoma * 4245 Strategic Wing: 5 January 1959 – 1 February 1963
Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas
**Groups**
* 4123d Air Base Group: 9 September 1958 – 1 March 1959
**Other**
* 4037th USAF Hospital: 1 July 1958 – 1 March 1959
### Aircraft
Boeing RB-47 Stratojet, 1958–1962
### Notes
### Footnotes
1. "Factsheet 816 Strategic Aerospace Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
2. "Abstract (Unclassified), Vol 1, History of Strategic Air Command, Jan–Jun 1957 (Secret)". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
3. Ravenstein, *Combat Wings*, pp. 26–27
4. The 11th had flown Convair B-36 Peacemakers at Carswell
5. "Abstract, History 816 Air Division, July 1961". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
6. "Abstract (Unclassified), History 816 Air Division (Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 September 1958. Retrieved 20 June 2014. (dated 1 September 1958, but covers material later in the month)
7. *See* "Abstract, History 4123 Strategic Wing Apr 1958". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
8. *See* Mueller, p. 543
9. Mueller, p. 68
10. "Abstract, History 816 Air Division". Air Force History Index. 1 March 1959. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
11. Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*. p. 326
12. Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*, pp. 716–717
13. "Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 April 1975. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
14. "Abstract, History 816 Air Division". Air Force History Index. 1 March 1959. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
15. "Abstract, History 816 Air Division". Air Force History Index. 1 July 1960. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
16. Ravenstein, pp. 109–110
17. Ravenstein, p. 271
18. Ravenstein, *Guide to AF Lineage*, p. 12
19. *See* Knaack, p. 248 n.41
### Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
## InfoBox
| 816th Strategic Aerospace Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Boeing KC-135 refueling a Boeing B-52 | |
| Active | 1958–1965 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Command of strategic strike forces |
| Commanders | |
| 1 July 1958 – 1 September 1959 | Brigadier General John S. Samuel |
| 1 September 1959 – 7 September 1961 | Brigadier General Howard W. Moore |
| 7 September 1961 – 19 August 1964 | Major General William B. Campbell |
| 19 August 1964 – 1 July 1965 | Brigadier General Everett W. Holstrom |
| Insignia | |
| 816th Strategic Aerospace Division emblem | |
|
35,912
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/839
|
839
|
Year 839 (DCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
| 2024-06-15T23:02:40
|
# 839
839 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 839<br>*DCCCXXXIX* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 1592 |
| Armenian calendar | 288<br>ԹՎ ՄՁԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5589 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 760–761 |
| Bengali calendar | 246 |
| Berber calendar | 1789 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1383 |
| Burmese calendar | 201 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6347–6348 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊午年 (Earth Horse)<br>3536 or 3329<br>*to* <br>己未年 (Earth Goat)<br>3537 or 3330 |
| Coptic calendar | 555–556 |
| Discordian calendar | 2005 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 831–832 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4599–4600 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 895–896 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 760–761 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 3939–3940 |
| Holocene calendar | 10839 |
| Iranian calendar | 217–218 |
| Islamic calendar | 224–225 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōwa 6<br>(承和６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 736–737 |
| Julian calendar | 839<br>*DCCCXXXIX* |
| Korean calendar | 3172 |
| Minguo calendar | 1073 before ROC<br>民前1073年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −629 |
| Seleucid era | 1150/1151 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1381–1382 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土马年<br>(male Earth-Horse)<br>965 or 584 or −188<br>*to* <br>阴土羊年<br>(female Earth-Goat)<br>966 or 585 or −187 |
Year **839** (**DCCCXXXIX**) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### By place
#### Europe
#### Britain
## Births
## Deaths
## Sources
## InfoBox
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
|
67,228,511
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campiglossa_undata
|
Campiglossa undata
|
Campiglossa undata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Campiglossa of the family Tephritidae.
| 2022-01-26T19:52:13
|
# Campiglossa undata
***Campiglossa undata*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Campiglossa* of the family Tephritidae.
## Distribution
The species is found in China.
## InfoBox
| *Campiglossa undata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Campiglossa* |
| Species: | ***C. undata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Campiglossa undata***<br>(Chen, 1938) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Paroxyna undata* Chen, 1938 | |
|
13,176,807
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frechilla_de_Almaz%C3%A1n
|
Frechilla de Almazán
|
Frechilla de Almazán is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 37 inhabitants.
| 2024-08-19T01:09:18
|
# Frechilla de Almazán
**Frechilla de Almazán** is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 37 inhabitants.
## InfoBox
| Frechilla de Almazán | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| | |
| | |
| Frechilla de AlmazánLocation in Spain.Frechilla de AlmazánFrechilla de Almazán (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 41°25′33″N 2°30′55″W / 41.42583°N 2.51528°W / 41.42583; -2.51528 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Soria |
| Municipality | Frechilla de Almazán |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.68 km<sup>2</sup> (9.92 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 24 |
| Density | 0.93/km<sup>2</sup> (2.4/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
|
4,251,836
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Route_122
|
Connecticut Route 122
|
Route 122 is a primary, minor arterial highway in the United States. It begins at Interstate 95 in West Haven, Connecticut. It runs north of West Haven center and roughly follows the path of the West River. It then enters the Westville neighborhood of New Haven and ends at Route 63. Route 122 is 3.51 miles (5.65 km) long.
| 2024-05-31T19:19:02
|
# Connecticut Route 122
**Route 122** is a primary, minor arterial highway in the United States. It begins at Interstate 95 in West Haven, Connecticut. It runs north of West Haven center and roughly follows the path of the West River. It then enters the Westville neighborhood of New Haven and ends at Route 63 (Whalley Avenue). Route 122 is 3.51 miles (5.65 km) long.
## Route description
Route 122 officially begins as First Avenue in West Haven at the end of the southbound Exit 43 ramp of I-95 heading north. First Avenue continues south of the interchange as an unsigned state highway (SR 745). First Avenue ends at Campbell Avenue in the Allingtown section of West Haven while Route 122 continues north on Campbell Avenue. The road passes by the University of New Haven, crosses US 1 at diagonal four-corners involving two sets of traffic lights, then continues north as Forest Road. Forest Road travels for another 2.4 miles (3.9 km) following the line of the West River. Along the way it intersects Route 34 (Derby Turnpike) and enters the Westville neighborhood of New Haven. Forest Road ends at Route 243 (Fountain Street). Route 122 jogs left and right, continuing north on Dayton Street for another block until its end at Route 63 (Whalley Avenue).
## History
In the 1920s, old **State Highway 337** ran from Route 1 in downtown Milford via Woodmont and West Haven center, ending at Campbell Avenue in the Allingtown section of West Haven. The old route went along current Route 162 to Ocean Avenue, then ran along the West Haven shoreline to First Avenue, then north along First Avenue. In the 1932 state highway renumbering, old Highway 337 was renumbered to Route 122. **Route 158** was also established in 1932 and ran along Campbell Avenue and Forest Road from West Haven center (Campbell Avenue and Main Street) to Westville (Forest Road and Fountain Street). In 1950, the Route 158 designation was removed and the portion north of First Avenue was added as a northward extension of Route 122. The portion of former Route 158 south of First Avenue was transferred to the town. In 1962, Route 122 was extended north to Whalley Avenue (Route 63) along Dayton Street. In 1966, the south end of Route 122 was truncated to end at I-95, while Route 162 was extended along the Milford portion of Route 122.
## Junction list
The entire route is in New Haven County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Haven | 0.00 | 0.00 | First Avenue (SR 745 east) | Continuation beyond I-95 |
| | | I-95 New Haven, New York City | Exit 43 on I-95 |
| | 0.91 | 1.46 | US 1 Orange, New Haven | |
| | 1.97 | 3.17 | Route 34 Orange, New Haven | |
| New Haven | 3.38 | 5.44 | Route 243 Ansonia, New Haven | |
| | 3.51 | 5.65 | Route 63 Woodbridge, New Haven | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |
## State Road 745
**State Road 745** (SR 745) is a 1.21-mile (1.95 km), unsigned state highway that begins at Interstate 95 in West Haven, at the southern end of Route 122. It runs south as First Avenue, then turns east at Elm Street. After crossing the West River into New Haven, the road becomes Kimberly Avenue and has an interchange with I-95 at Exit 44. SR 745 ends at Route 10 (Ella T. Grasso Boulevard).
Template:Attached KML/Connecticut Route 122KML is from Wikidata
## InfoBox
| Route 122 | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of New Haven County in southern Connecticut with Route 122 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by CTDOT | |
| Length | 3.51 mi (5.65 km) |
| Existed | 1932 (truncated 1966)–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | I-95 / SR 745 in West Haven |
| Major intersections | US 1 in West Haven |
| North end | Route 63 in New Haven |
| | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Connecticut |
| Counties | New Haven |
| | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Connecticut State Highway System** | |
| Route 121 Route 123 | |
|
74,579,502
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Severus
|
Gabriel Severus
|
Gabriel Severus or Severos was a Greek Orthodox theologian and prelate active in Venice.
| 2024-07-13T11:56:58
|
# Gabriel Severus
**Gabriel Severus** or **Severos** (c.1540 – 1616) was a Greek Orthodox theologian and prelate active in Venice.
## Life
Gabriel's exact date of birth is uncertain. He was born either before 1540 or in 1541. He was a native of Morea, perhaps from Monemvasia. He spent his early life on Venetian Crete. He studied at the University of Padua. In 1572, he moved to Venice. At the time, he was a hieromonk. In 1573 or 1575, he was elected pastor of San Giorgio dei Greci, the church of the Greek community in Venice.
On 18 July 1577, Gabriel was consecrated metropolitan of Philadelphia by Patriarch Jeremiah II. Since the metropolis was under Ottoman rule and its Christian population too few to support him, he remained in Venice to act as the bishop of the Orthodox there. He never visited Philadelphia, but did receive recognition as exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Orthodox communities in his charge, namely those of northern Italy, Dalmatia, the Ionian Islands and Crete. He acquired a sizable library, including a copy of a Greek translation of the *Summa Theologiae* that had belonged to Patriarch Gennadios II.
Gabriel died on 21 October 1616 either in Venice or Hvar in Dalmatia.
## Theology
Gabriel readily engaged, sometimes polemically, in defence of Orthodox theology. He advocated the adoption of the Gregorian calendar and the same date of Easter as the Catholic Church. He engaged in polemics with Maximus Margunius concerning the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit and the *filioque* clause, about which he wrote a tract. At one point, Gabriel accused him of apostasy in front of the patriarch.
Gabriel wrote a tract on the seven sacraments, *Syntagmation peri ton hagion kai hieron mysterion* (Συνταγμάτιον περὶ τῶν ἁγίων καὶ ἱερῶν μυστερίων), which was printed at Venice in 1600. It is heavily influenced by the scholasticism of Lawrence of Brindisi and defends the doctrine of transsubstantiation. In 1604, he wrote the treatise *Kata ton legonton tus orthodoxus \[...\] kakos te kai paranomos poiein to timan kai proskynein ta hagia dora*. In it he defends the Liturgy of Preparation, wherein the Eucharistic elements are venerated during a procession from the prothesis to the altar, arguing that as the elements were dedicated before consecration they were proper objects of veneration from that point.
Gabriel's major work is the *Ekthesis* (Εκϑεσις). This was written sometime after 1591. It was directed against two leading Jesuits, Antonio Possevino and Robert Bellarmine. Following the Council of Florence, he identifies five fundamental doctrinal differences between Orthodox and Catholic churches. The doctrines in question are the double procession of the Holy Spirit, Petrine primacy, the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist, Purgatory and the state of the saved prior to the Last Judgement.
Gabriel's theology was largely unoriginal, but it was occasionally appropriated by Protestants for use against Catholics. Gabriel himself corresponded with several Protestants, including Martin Crusius. A selection of his writings was translated from Greek into Latin by Richard Simon as *Fides Ecclesiae Orientalis seu Gabrielis Metropolitae Philadelphiensis Opuscula* and printed at Paris in 1671.
## Further reading
* Apostolopoulos, D. G., ed. *Gavriil Seviros, arcivescovo di Filadelfia a Venezia, e la sua epoca*. Venice, 2004.
|
71,356,820
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_1/12
|
G 1/12
|
G 1/12 is a decision issued on 30 April 2014 by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), holding that an appellant's identity in a notice of appeal can be corrected under Rule 101(2) EPC, provided the requirements of Rule 101(1) EPC are met. The Enlarged Board of Appeal also held that an appellant's identity can be corrected under Rule 139 EPC, first sentence, under the conditions established by the case law of the Boards of Appeal.
| 2024-05-16T22:49:52
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# G 1/12
| ***G 1/12*** |
| --- |
| <br>**Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office** |
| Issued 30 April 2014 |
| **Board composition** |
| **Chairman:** Wim Van der Eijk **Members:** T. Kriner, R. Menapace, C. Rennie-Smith, U. Oswald, A. Pézard, M. Vogel, G. Weiss |
| **Headword** |
| |
|
**G 1/12** is a decision issued on 30 April 2014 by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), holding that an appellant's identity in a notice of appeal can be corrected under Rule 101(2) EPC, provided the requirements of Rule 101(1) EPC are met. The Enlarged Board of Appeal also held that an appellant's identity can be corrected under Rule 139 EPC, first sentence, under the conditions established by the case law of the Boards of Appeal.
## Background
The European Patent Convention (EPC), the multilateral treaty instituting the legal system according to which European patents are granted, contains provisions allowing a party to appeal a decision issued by a first instance department of the EPO. The appeal procedure before the EPO is a judicial procedure proper to an administrative court, and the EPO Boards of Appeal have been recognised as courts, or tribunals, of an international organisation, the EPO.
When an appeal is lodged, the notice of appeal has to contain specific information including "the name and the address of the appellant", "an indication of the decision impugned", and "a request defining the subject of the appeal". The question has arisen as to whether the name of the appellant could be corrected after filing the notice of appeal, and questions have been referred to the Enlarged Board of Appeal under Article 112(1)(a) EPC in that regard.
## Questions referred to the Enlarged Board of Appeal
The referral to the Enlarged Board of Appeal lies from an interlocutory decision T 445/08 from Technical Board of Appeal 3.3.07. The referred questions were:
> (1) When a notice of appeal, in compliance with Rule 99(1)(a) EPC, contains the name and the address of the Appellant as provided in Rule 41(2)(c) EPC and it is alleged that the identification is wrong due to an error, the true intention having been to file on behalf of the legal person which should have filed the appeal, is a request for substituting this other legal or natural person admissible as a remedy to "deficiencies" provided by Rule 101(2) EPC?
> (2) If the answer is yes, what kind of evidence is to be considered to establish the true intention?
> (3) If the answer to the first question is no, may the Appellant's intention nevertheless play a role and justify the application of Rule 139 EPC?
> (4) If the answer to questions (1) and (3) is no, are there any possibilities other than restitutio in integrum (when applicable)?
## Answers to the referred questions
The Enlarged Board of Appeal answered these questions as follows:
> (1) The answer to reformulated question (1) - namely whether when a notice of appeal, in compliance with Rule 99(1)(a) EPC, contains the name and the address of the appellant as provided in Rule 41(2)(c) EPC and it is alleged that the identification is wrong due to an error, the true intention having been to file on behalf of the legal person which should have filed the appeal, is it possible to correct this error under Rule 101(2) EPC by a request for substitution by the name of the true appellant - is yes, provided the requirements of Rule 101(1) EPC have been met.
> (2) Proceedings before the EPO are conducted in accordance with the principle of free evaluation of evidence. This also applies to the problems under consideration in the present referral.
> (3) In cases of an error in the Appellant's name, the general procedure for correcting errors under Rule 139 EPC, first sentence, is available under the conditions established by the case law of the Boards of Appeal.
> (4) Given the answers to questions (1) and (3), there is no need to answer question (4).
This means that the flexible approach adopted in earlier decision T 97/98 has been confirmed. Namely, the name of the appellant may be corrected to substitute another natural or legal person for the person indicated in the notice of appeal if the real intention was to file the appeal in the name of that person.
## Practical aspects
As to answer (3), point 37 of the reasons for the decision G 1/12 provides practical guidance on how to correct an Appellant's identity under Rule 139 EPC, first sentence. The correction must at least satisfy the following requirements:
(a) The correction must introduce what was originally intended.
(b) Where the original intention is not immediately apparent, the requester bears the burden of proof, which must be a heavy one.
(c) The error to be remedied may be an incorrect statement or an omission.
(d) The request for correction must be filed without delay.
As to requirement (d), a decision T180/14 of April 2019 deals with a delay of four and a half years, "after the appellant had been made aware of the error for the second time". That delay did not satisfy the "without delay" requirement.
## Applicability in opposition proceedings
The principles laid out in G 1/12 can also be used in opposition proceedings to correct the designation of the opponent in the notice of opposition.
## Further reading
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71,702,596
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_1/13
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G 1/13
|
G 1/13 is a decision issued on 25 November 2014 by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), holding that in opposition proceedings a retroactive effect of a restoration of a company must be recognised by the EPO. In other words, a restoration of a company has retroactive effect before the EPO when it has such retroactive effect under national law.
| 2022-11-20T22:24:44
|
# G 1/13
| ***G 1/13*** |
| --- |
| <br>**Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office** |
| Issued 25 November 2014 |
| **Board composition** |
| **Chairman:** Wim Van der Eijk **Members:** K. Garnett, A. Klein, R. Moufang, R. Murphy, U. Oswald, G. Weiss |
| **Headword** |
| |
|
**G 1/13** is a decision issued on 25 November 2014 by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), holding that in opposition proceedings a retroactive effect of a restoration of a company must be recognised by the EPO. In other words, a restoration of a company has retroactive effect before the EPO when it has such retroactive effect under national law.
## Questions referred to the Enlarged Board of Appeal
The referral to the Enlarged Board of Appeal lies from an interlocutory decision T 22/09 from Technical Board of Appeal 3.3.07. The referred questions were:
> (1) Where an opposition is filed by a company which is dissolved before the Opposition Division issues a decision maintaining the opposed patent in amended form, but that company is subsequently restored to the register of companies under a provision of the national law governing the company, by virtue of which the company is deemed to have continued in existence as if it had not been dissolved, must the European Patent Office recognise the retroactive effect of that provision of national law and allow the opposition proceedings to be continued by the restored company?
> (2) Where an appeal is filed in the name of the dissolved company against the decision maintaining the patent in amended form, and the restoration of the company to the register of companies, with retroactive effect as described in question 1, takes place after the filing of the appeal and after the expiry of the time limit for filing the appeal under Article 108 EPC, must the Board of Appeal treat the appeal as admissible?
> (3) If either of questions 1 and 2 is answered in the negative, does that mean that the decision of the Opposition Division maintaining the opposed patent in amended form automatically ceases to have effect, with the result that the patent is to be maintained as granted?
## Answers to the referred questions
The Enlarged Board of Appeal answered these questions as follows:
> (1) Where an opposition is filed by a company which subsequently, under the relevant national law governing the company, for all purposes ceases to exist, but that company is subsequently restored to existence under a provision of that governing national law, by virtue of which the company is deemed to have continued in existence as if it had not ceased to exist, all these events taking place before a decision of the Opposition Division maintaining the opposed patent in amended form becomes final, the European Patent Office must recognise the retroactive effect of that provision of national law and allow the opposition proceedings to be continued by the restored company.
> (2) Where, in the factual circumstances underlying question (1), a valid appeal is filed in due time in the name of the non-existent opponent company against the decision maintaining the European patent in amended form, and the restoration of the company to existence, with retroactive effect as described in question 1, takes place after the expiry of the time limit for filing the notice of appeal under Article 108 EPC, the Board of Appeal must treat the appeal as admissible.
> (3) Not applicable.
## Further reading
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26,930,613
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Fabius_Ambustus_(consul)
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Gaius Fabius Ambustus (consul)
|
Gaius Fabius Ambustus was consul of the Roman Republic in 358 BC, in which year, according to Livy, a dictator was appointed through fear of the Gauls. He was appointed Interrex in 355 BC. He was the son of Numerius Fabius Ambustus, consular tribune in 406 and 390 BC, and the brother of Marcus Fabius Ambustus, consul in 360, 356 and 354 BC.
| 2024-01-08T11:28:04
|
# Gaius Fabius Ambustus (consul)
**Gaius Fabius Ambustus** was consul of the Roman Republic in 358 BC, in which year, according to Livy, a dictator was appointed through fear of the Gauls. He was appointed Interrex in 355 BC.
He was the son of Numerius Fabius Ambustus, consular tribune in 406 and 390 BC, and the brother of Marcus Fabius Ambustus, consul in 360, 356 and 354 BC.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Ambustus (8)". *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. Vol. 1. p. 141.
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136,004
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena_Park,_Texas
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Galena Park, Texas
|
Galena Park is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 10,740 at the 2020 census. The population is predominantly Hispanic.
| 2024-08-26T21:17:17
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# Galena Park, Texas
**Galena Park** is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 10,740 at the 2020 census. The population is predominantly Hispanic.
## History
Issac Batterson and his family settled in the area in 1833; it was a part of the Ezekiel Thomas survey. The area of Galena Park began as the settlement of Clinton in 1835. The center of what would become Galena Park was a 1,000-acre (400 ha) tract that Batterson purchased from the estate of Ezekiel Thomas. The settlement originally served as a farming and ranching community, but in the 1880s transformed into a railroad center along the new Port of Houston. With the coming of the petrochemical industry in the early 1900s, Clinton again transformed into a refinery center.
Clinton attempted to establish a post office in 1935, but the request was denied, as another Clinton, Texas, had established the name. The settlement's name was changed to Galena Park after the Galena Signal Oil Company of Texas, which built the first refinery there. Galena Park's original name survives today as the name of a major street in the city, Clinton Drive. Because of the 1935 incorporation, Houston did not incorporate Galena Park's territory into its city limits, while Houston annexed surrounding areas that were unincorporated. By the late 1930s Houston was growing as a port, so Galena Park expanded. Since the 1940s, area residents considered the city to be a part of greater Houston.
The economy of Galena Park began to suffer in the early 1980s, when cranes used to haul ship cargo were reduced; prior to the early 1980s, a team of workers, known on the docks as longshoremen, took up to one week to unload cargo off a ship. Many lived in the Galena Park area and contributed to its local economy. The use of cranes, however, led to ships unloading all cargo in less than one day. The 1980s also hit Galena Park's economy with layoffs from the steel mills as the U.S. steel contracted due to overseas competition. The economy further decreased after the September 11 attacks, when seaport administrators tightened security rules that governed whether sailors could leave ships docked at port.
## Geography
Galena Park is located at 29°44′20″N 95°14′14″W / 29.73889°N 95.23722°W / 29.73889; -95.23722 (29.738928, –95.237211).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (13 km<sup>2</sup>), all land.
The city is east of the 610 Loop, north of the Houston Ship Channel, and adjacent to the City of Jacinto City, as well as the Clinton Park neighborhood of Houston. Clinton Drive is the main arterial road for Galena Park and traffic to and from the ship channel and the Port of Houston uses this road. The area around Galena Park includes freeways, freight railway, and heavy industry.
The border between Galena Park, previously an all-white city and Clinton Park, an African-American neighborhood, was barricaded as of 2008. Rafael Longoria and Susan Rogers of the Rice Design Alliance said in 2008 that the barricade "provides a stark example of how the prevailing segregationist sentiments of the era \[are\] still in evidence."
## Demographics
Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 1,562 | | |
| 1950 | 7,186 | | 360.1% |
| 1960 | 10,852 | | 51.0% |
| 1970 | 10,479 | | −3.4% |
| 1980 | 9,879 | | −5.7% |
| 1990 | 10,033 | | 1.6% |
| 2000 | 10,592 | | 5.6% |
| 2010 | 10,887 | | 2.8% |
| 2020 | 10,740 | | −1.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |
**Galena Park racial composition as of 2020**
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (NH) | 856 | 7.97% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 622 | 5.79% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 12 | 0.11% |
| Asian (NH) | 9 | 0.08% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 2 | 0.02% |
| Some other race (NH) | 31 | 0.29% |
| Mixed/multiracial (NH) | 71 | 0.66% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 9,137 | 85.07% |
| **Total** | **10,740** | |
As of the 2020 United States census, 10,740 people, 3,019 households, and 2,481 families were residing in the city.
As of the census of 2010, 10,887 people and 3,021 households resided in the city. The population density was 2,183.3 inhabitants per square mile (843.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The 3,273 housing units had an average density of 654.6 per square mile (252.7/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 11.4% White, not Hispanic, 6.6% African American, not Hispanic, 0.13% Native American or Native Alaskan, not Hispanic, 0.09% Asian or Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, not Hispanic, and 0.25% from two or more races. People of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin of any race were 81.4% of the population, a 21% increase over the 2000 census.
As of the 2000 census, of the 3,054 households, 46.9% had children under 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were not families. About 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.47, and the average family size was 3.92.
In the city, the age distribution was 33.8% under 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,660, and for a family was $34,702. Males had a median income of $29,814 versus $21,172 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,207. About 21.5% of families and 25.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.2% of those under 18 and 10.6% of those 65 or over.
## Government and infrastructure
As of 2014, Esmeralda Moya is the mayor of the City of Galena Park. Mayor Moya also serves as the chief executive officer of the city, as the city's chief administrator and official representative. The city made history on June 21, 2014, by electing her as the first female Hispanic to hold this elected position.
The City of Galena Park operates with a mayor-council type of government. The city council has four positions, with each having a responsibility for a particular municipal department.
The Galena Park Fire Department and the Galena Park Police Department serve the citizens of the city.
### County, federal, and state representation
Galena Park is located within Harris County Precinct 2; as of 2011, Jack Morman headed Precinct 2.
Galena Park is located in District 143 of the Texas House of Representatives As of 2011, Ana Hernandez Luna represented the district. Galena Park is within District 6 of the Texas Senate; as of 2011, Mario Gallegos, Jr. was the representative.
Galena Park was within Texas's 29th congressional district; as of 2019, Sylvia Garcia represented the district. The United States Postal Service operates the Galena Park Post Office at 1805 Clinton Drive.
The designated public health center of the Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Health System) is the Strawberry Health Clinic in Pasadena. The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center, Houston.
## Education
### Primary and secondary schools
#### Public schools
Students in Galena Park attend schools in Galena Park Independent School District.
Four separate elementary schools, Galena Park Elementary School in Galena Park, MacArthur Elementary School in Galena Park, Jacinto City Elementary School in Jacinto City, and Pyburn Elementary School in Houston, serve students from the city of Galena Park Almost all Galena Park students are zoned to Galena Park Middle School (6–8) in Galena Park. A few in northeast Galena Park are zoned to Woodland Acres Middle School in Houston. All Galena Park residents are zoned to Galena Park High School (9–12) in Galena Park.
In addition, GPISD operates the William F. "Bill" Becker Early Childhood Development Center, a preschool program for low-income families, in Galena Park.
In the pre-1970 era of racial segregation in schools, the local high school for Black children was Fidelity Manor High School.
#### Private schools
Our Lady of Fatima School, a prekindergarten to grade 8 Roman Catholic school, is in Galena Park. The school is fully accredited by TEA and TCEA. It has served the community for over 60 years and is open in enrollment to all faiths and denominations.
### Colleges and universities
The Galena Park ISD area (and therefore Galena Park) is zoned to the San Jacinto College system.
### Public libraries
The Harris County Public Library (HCPL) system operates the Galena Park Branch at 1500 Keene Street in Galena Park. The 5,800-square-foot (540 m<sup>2</sup>) branch, a partnership between HCPL and Galena Park, was built in March 1996, and opened in December of that year.
## Notable people
1. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
## InfoBox
| Galena Park, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Galena Park sign | |
| Location in Harris County and the state of Texas | |
| Coordinates: 29°44′20″N 95°14′14″W / 29.73889°N 95.23722°W / 29.73889; -95.23722 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Harris |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.92 sq mi (12.74 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Land | 4.80 sq mi (12.44 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Water | 0.12 sq mi (0.30 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Elevation | 7 ft (2 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 10,740 |
| Density | 2,239.18/sq mi (864.58/km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 77547 |
| Area codes | 713, 281, 832, 346 |
| FIPS code | 48-27996 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1377177 |
| Website | www.cityofgalenapark-tx.gov |
|
1,504,385
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Research/Design
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Game Research/Design
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Game Research/Design (GR/D) was a board wargame publisher, principally concerned with the Europa series of European World War II wargames. GR/D was formed in 1985 by John Astell, one of the Europa designers, and Winston Hamilton, another World War II wargame designer. The company published several Europa expansions, as well as a magazine dedicated to the series, and in 1989 GR/D acquired the rights to the series. They published collectors' editions of the Europa games, as well as beginning two more series focusing on the Pacific War and World War I. The Europa Winter War Game was designed by Gary Stagliano, friend of John Astell. He was partly Finnish and grew up in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. He was an avid gamer and highly interested in military history. In 2001, GR/D was purchased by Mill Creek Ventures. In 2004, Mill Creek sold GR/D to Historical Military Services.
| 2020-09-12T02:03:16
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# Game Research/Design
**Game Research/Design** (**GR/D**) was a board wargame publisher, principally concerned with the *Europa* series of European World War II wargames. GR/D was formed in 1985 by John Astell, one of the *Europa* designers, and Winston Hamilton, another World War II wargame designer. The company published several Europa expansions, as well as a magazine dedicated to the series, and in 1989 GR/D acquired the rights to the series. They published collectors' editions of the *Europa* games, as well as beginning two more series focusing on the Pacific War and World War I.
The Europa Winter War Game was designed by Gary Stagliano, friend of John Astell. He was partly Finnish and grew up in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. He was an avid gamer and highly interested in military history.
In 2001, GR/D was purchased by Mill Creek Ventures (principal owner Carl Kleihege).
In 2004, Mill Creek sold GR/D to Historical Military Services.
* HMS history of HMS and GR/D
|
53,227,222
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Show_Models
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Game Show Models
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Game Show Models is a 1977 comedy-drama film directed by David N. Gottlieb. Set in Los Angeles, it is about a man who tries to make it in mainstream society by getting a job in a public relations firm.
| 2024-10-09T05:20:02
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# Game Show Models
***Game Show Models*** is a 1977 comedy-drama film directed by David N. Gottlieb. Set in Los Angeles, it is about a man who tries to make it in mainstream society by getting a job in a public relations firm.
## Plot
Stuart Guber (John Vickery) is a writer who leaves his dancer girlfriend and cuts his hair to try to make it in the mainstream society of Hollywood. Stuart gets a job as a trainee in the office of a PR firm. He also enters into a relationship with one of the company's clients while working there. However, Stuart witnesses the negative side of mainstream society, which includes a sex-themed game show called *Guessword* created by a company executive. And eventually, he starts to realize that having a respectable job is not as fulfilling as he thought it would be.
## Cast
## InfoBox
| Game Show Models | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | David N. Gottlieb |
| Written by | David N. Gottlieb |
| Produced by | David N. Gottlieb |
| Starring | John Vickery<br>Nick Pellegrino<br>Gilbert DeRush |
| Release date | * 1977 (1977) |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
|
12,992,800
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Related
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Game Related
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Game Related is the second studio album by American hip hop quartet The Click. It was released on November 7, 1995, via Sick Wid' It/Jive Records. Production was handled by Studio Ton, Mike Mosley, Kevin Gardner, Tone Capone and Roger Troutman. The album peaked at number 21 on the Billboard 200 and number 3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 9, 1998 for selling 500,000 copies in the US alone. Two singles with accompanying music videos were released for "Hurricane" and "Scandalous", with its lead single reaching number 63 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Music video for "Scandalous" features a cameo from Boots Riley. Both "Hurricane" and "Scandalous" were later included on the 1999 compilation album Sick Wid It's Greatest Hits. The song "Hot Ones Echo Thru the Ghetto", was originally heard in the 1995 film Tales from the Hood, as well as released on the film's soundtrack album.
| 2024-05-19T03:09:24
|
# Game Related
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| *Muzik* | |
| *Rap Pages* | |
***Game Related*** is the second studio album by American hip hop quartet The Click. It was released on November 7, 1995, via Sick Wid' It/Jive Records. Production was handled by Studio Ton, Mike Mosley, Kevin Gardner, Tone Capone and Roger Troutman. The album peaked at number 21 on the *Billboard* 200 and number 3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 9, 1998 for selling 500,000 copies in the US alone.
Two singles with accompanying music videos were released for "Hurricane" and "Scandalous", with its lead single reaching number 63 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. Music video for "Scandalous" features a cameo from Boots Riley. Both "Hurricane" and "Scandalous" were later included on the 1999 compilation album *Sick Wid It's Greatest Hits*. The song "Hot Ones Echo Thru the Ghetto", was originally heard in the 1995 film *Tales from the Hood*, as well as released on the film's soundtrack album.
## Track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wolf Tickets" | | Studio Ton | 4:32 |
| 2. | "Hurricane" | * E. Stevens * Jones * D. Stevens * T. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 4:21 |
| 3. | "Out My Body" | * E. Stevens * Jones * Mike Mosley | Mike Mosley | 3:55 |
| 4. | "World Went Crazy" | * E. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 4:40 |
| 5. | "Actin' Bad" | * E. Stevens * Jones * D. Stevens * Kevin Gardner | Kevin Gardner | 4:24 |
| 6. | "Get Chopped" | * E. Stevens * D. Stevens * Mosley | Mike Mosley | 4:26 |
| 7. | "We Don't Fuck Wit' Dat" | * Jones * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 4:44 |
| 8. | "Be About Yo' Paper" | * E. Stevens * Jones * D. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 4:36 |
| 9. | "Boss Baller" | * D. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 3:58 |
| 10. | "Scandalous" | | Roger Troutman | 5:07 |
| 11. | "Learn About It" | * E. Stevens * Jones * Mosley | Mike Mosley | 4:24 |
| 12. | "If I Took Your Boyfriend" | | Tone Capone | 3:57 |
| 13. | "Rock up My Birdie" | * E. Stevens * Jones * D. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 5:24 |
| 14. | "Hot Ones Echo Thru the Ghetto" | * E. Stevens * Jones * D. Stevens * T. Stevens * Whitemon | Studio Ton | 4:38 |
| Total length: | | | | 1:03:06 |
Sample credits
## Personnel
* Earl "E-40" Stevens – lead vocals (tracks: 1-6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14), mixing (tracks: 3, 5, 11), executive producer
* Brandt "B-Legit" Jones – lead vocals (tracks: 1-3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14), mixing (tracks: 3, 5, 11), executive producer
* Danell "D-Shot" Stevens – lead vocals (tracks: 1, 2, 5, 8-10, 13, 14), backing vocals (track 6)
* Tenina "Suga-T" Stevens – lead vocals (tracks: 1, 2, 10, 12, 14)
* Kevin "Kaveo" Davis – backing vocals (track 1)
* Thomas "T-Pup" Hudson – backing vocals (track 1)
* Lewis "Levitti" King – backing vocals (tracks: 8, 14)
* Marvin "Studio Ton" Whitemon – keyboards, drum programming, producer (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 7-9, 13, 14), mixing (track 6), engineering (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 6-9, 13, 14)
* Mike Mosley – keyboards, drum programming, producer (tracks: 3, 6, 11), guitar (tracks: 3, 11), mixing (track 6)
* Kevin Gardner – drum programming & producer (track 5)
* Roger Troutman – talkbox, keyboards, guitar, bass, drum programming, producer (track 10)
* Anthony "Tone Capone" Gilmour – guitar, drum programming, engineering, producer (track 12)
* Femi Ojetunde – keyboards (track 3)
* Ken "K-Lou" Franklin – keyboards & guitar (track 5), mixing & engineering (tracks: 3, 5, 11)
* Lester Troutman – engineering (track 10)
* J. Lane – keyboards (track 12)
* Tom Coyne – mastering
* Chaz Hayes – executive producer, management
* Phunky Phat Graph-X – artwork & design
* Keba Konte – photography
## Charts
## Certifications
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000<sup>^</sup> |
| <sup>^</sup> Shipments figures based on certification alone.<br> | | |
## InfoBox
| Game Related | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Studio album by The Click | |
| Released | November 7, 1995 (1995-11-07) |
| Recorded | 1994–1995 |
| Genre | |
| Length | 63:06 |
| Label | |
| Producer | |
| The Click chronology | |
| *Down and Dirty*<br>(1992) ***Game Related***<br>(1995) *Money & Muscle*<br>(2001) | |
| | |
| Singles from *Game Related* | |
| 1. "Hurricane"<br>Released: August 23, 1995 2. "Scandalous"<br>Released: March 11, 1996 | |
| | |
|
136,185
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganado,_Texas
|
Ganado, Texas
|
Ganado is a city in Jackson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,975 at the 2020 census.
| 2024-08-04T17:49:46
|
# Ganado, Texas
**Ganado** (/ɡəˈnd/ *gə-NAY-doh*) is a city in Jackson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,975 at the 2020 census.
## Geography
Ganado is located at 29°2′28″N 96°30′44″W / 29.04111°N 96.51222°W / 29.04111; -96.51222 (29.041111, –96.512136), approximately 35 miles northeast of Victoria.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km<sup>2</sup>), all land.
## Demographics
Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 558 | | |
| 1920 | 716 | | 28.3% |
| 1930 | 626 | | −12.6% |
| 1940 | 717 | | 14.5% |
| 1950 | 1,258 | | 75.5% |
| 1960 | 1,626 | | 29.3% |
| 1970 | 1,640 | | 0.9% |
| 1980 | 1,770 | | 7.9% |
| 1990 | 1,701 | | −3.9% |
| 2000 | 1,915 | | 12.6% |
| 2010 | 2,003 | | 4.6% |
| 2020 | 1,975 | | −1.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |
**Ganado racial composition as of 2020**
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (NH) | 787 | 39.85% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 44 | 2.23% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 6 | 0.3% |
| Asian (NH) | 6 | 0.3% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 8 | 0.41% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 34 | 1.72% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,090 | 55.19% |
| **Total** | **1,975** | |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,975 people, 723 households, and 459 families residing in the city.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,915 people, 656 households, and 478 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,645.3 inhabitants per square mile (635.3/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 767 housing units at an average density of 659.0 per square mile (254.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 72.48% White, 4.86% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 17.91% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.06% of the population.
There were 656 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.35.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,038, and the median income for a family was $39,514. Males had a median income of $31,058 versus $16,667 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,758. About 11.7% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 18.2% of those age 65 or over.
## History
The City of Ganado was a ranching community when it was first settled. Most settlers lived near Mustang Creek and traveled to Texana, Victoria and Indianola for supplies. Jackson County's "second city," Ganado was originally known as Mustang Settlement, after nearby Mustang Creek. Cattle ranching was the primary economic engine and herds were driven to Louisiana for sale and later to Kansas City. That came to an abrupt end with the coming of the railroad in 1882. As the story goes, a railroad official looked out the window of a train car and saw a large herd of cattle. He decided the area should be called Ganado, which means "herd" in Spanish. Thus Ganado was named in 1882.
Scandinavian immigrants bought land and began farming in 1891. A second wave of immigration brought Germans and Bohemians in the 1880s and 1890s. Jim McFarland moved his general store from its earlier location on McFarland Creek to a site in town. After McFarland died, Thomas Babcock-who was also the town's first postmaster, bought the remaining stock and continued a store in the building. Babcock's establishment, later known as the Old Texas House, provided supplies to local ranchers. Soon afterwards, Babcock also established the first residence and first cotton gin in Ganado. In 1891 T. N. Mauritz opened the first bank in Ganado. By 1909 the town had sixty businesses. When the railroad was built through, Ganado grew almost overnight into a bustling city. New homes, hotels, and businesses sprang up quickly. The city incorporated in 1909.
By 1914 the town was thriving with a rice mill and storage facilities, 750 citizens, a school district and a weekly newspaper. By 1937, Main Street was paved, concrete sidewalks were added and water lines were installed. By 1950 the population had increased to 1,253.
The Little School of the 400 was created in 1957 to meet the educational needs of Spanish-speaking children in Texas who were being discriminated against for their lack of knowledge of the English language. The goal of the program was to teach 400 basic English words to help Spanish-speaking children to manage instruction given in English in the regular public educational system. Under the leadership of Felix Tijerina, LULAC Council 60, of Houston, Texas, chose Ganado to be its first community to pilot the program. The program went on to become very successful and the state of Texas adopted it as their own. It later became a precursor to the national Head Start Program.
In 1963, a municipal bond was overwhelmingly approved for $60,000. This bond would be separated into two parts: $44,000 for a new city hall and $16,000 for new fire truck and equipment. The Council at that time were Mayor W.W. Brandes, Councilmen Dr. C.L. Bishop and J.B. Housson. The open house for new building was on May 3, 1964. In 1988 forty-three businesses served 1,770 citizens. In 1990 the population was 1,701, increasing to 1,915 in the 2000 Census. As of the 2010 Census, the population is 2,003. Many descendants of the early pioneer families still live in the city today .
## Highways
## Education
Ganado is served by Ganado Independent School District and is home to the Ganado High School Indians.
The designated community college for Ganado ISD is Wharton County Junior College.
## Notable people
## Trivia
* Ganado is the second largest town in Jackson County, after Edna.
* Ganado is also known for a theater that was part of a now defunct chain of theaters in Texas called Long Theaters. The theater opened in 1939 that not only showed movies, but that had stage acts as well. The theater still operates to this day.
* The first classes for the group Little School of the 400 took place in Ganado in 1957.
1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
6. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
7. https://www.census.gov/
8. "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". *www.census.gov*. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
9. ed.gov
10. "We're Sorry".
11. Texas Education Code Sec. 130.211. WHARTON COUNTY JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.
## InfoBox
| Ganado, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| City of Ganado | |
| | |
| | |
| Location of Ganado, Texas | |
| | |
| Coordinates: 29°2′28″N 96°30′44″W / 29.04111°N 96.51222°W / 29.04111; -96.51222 | |
| Country | United States of America |
| State | Texas |
| County | Jackson |
| Incorporated | 1909 |
| Government | |
| Type | General Law |
| Mayor | Clinton Tegeler |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.17 sq mi (3.03 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Land | 1.17 sq mi (3.02 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Elevation | 66 ft (20 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,975 |
| Density | 1,763.95/sq mi (681.18/km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 77962 |
| Area code | 361 |
| FIPS code | 48-28080 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1357846 |
| Website | City of Ganado |
|
33,429,249
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganado_Airport
|
Ganado Airport
|
Ganado Airport was a public-use airport located 2.3 miles east of the central business district of Ganado, in Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is privately owned by the Navajo Nation government. This airport was included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.
| 2023-02-03T09:23:37
|
# Ganado Airport
**Ganado Airport** (FAA LID: **85V**) was a public-use airport located 2.3 miles (2.0 nmi; 3.7 km) east of the central business district of Ganado, in Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is privately owned by the Navajo Nation government.
This airport **was** included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a *general aviation* facility.
## Facilities
Ganado Airport covers an area of 47 acres (19 ha) at an elevation of 6,662 feet (2,031 ) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated
* 18/36 with a dirt surface measuring 4,500 ft × 80 ft (1,372 m × 24 m).
1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for 85V PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. effective 27 August 2009.
2. "2009–2013 NPIAS Report, Appendix A: Part 1 (PDF, 1.33 MB)" (PDF). *2009–2013 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems\]*. Federal Aviation Administration. 15 October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-06.
## InfoBox
| Ganado Airport<br>*Lókʼaahnteeldi chidí naatʼaʼí ńdinibįįhígi* (Navajo) | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Navajo Nation |
| Serves | Ganado, Arizona |
| Elevation AMSL | 6,662 ft / 2,031 m |
| Coordinates | 35°42′06″N 109°31′00″W / 35.70167°N 109.51667°W / 35.70167; -109.51667 |
| Map | |
| **85V****85V** | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface ft m 18/36 4,500 1,372 Dirt | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |
|
13,733,841
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganadhara
|
Ganadhara
|
In Jainism, the term Ganadhara is used to refer the chief disciple of a Tirthankara. In samavasarana, the Tīrthankara sat on a throne without touching it. Around, the Tīrthankara sits the Ganadharas. According to Digambara tradition, only a disciple of exceptional brilliance and accomplishment (riddhi) is able to fully assimilate, without doubt, delusion, or misapprehension, the anekanta teachings of a Tirthankara. The presence of such a disciple is mandatory in the samavasarana before Tirthankara delivers his sermons. Ganadhara interpret and mediate to other people the divine sound (divyadhwani) which the Jains claim emanates from Tirthankara's body when he preaches. The monastic sangha of Jainism is divided into a number of orders or troupes called ganas, each headed by a ganadhara. In 20th century, statues depicting Tīrthankaras and Ganadharas were unearthed in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.
| 2024-08-24T22:56:31
|
# Ganadhara
In Jainism, the term **Ganadhara** is used to refer the chief disciple of a *Tirthankara*. In *samavasarana*, the *Tīrthankara* sat on a throne without touching it (about two inches above it). Around, the *Tīrthankara* sits the *Ganadharas*. According to Digambara tradition, only a disciple of exceptional brilliance and accomplishment (*riddhi*) is able to fully assimilate, without doubt, delusion, or misapprehension, the *anekanta* teachings of a *Tirthankara*. The presence of such a disciple is mandatory in the *samavasarana* before *Tirthankara* delivers his sermons. *Ganadhara* interpret and mediate to other people the divine sound (*divyadhwani*) which the Jains claim emanates from Tirthankara's body when he preaches.
The monastic sangha of Jainism is divided into a number of orders or troupes called *gana*s, each headed by a ganadhara.
In 20th century, statues depicting *Tīrthankaras* and *Ganadharas* were unearthed in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.
## List of the Ganadhara of 24 Tīrthankara
| No. | Tīrthankara | Count | Famous Ganadhara |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rishabhanatha (Adinatha) | 84 | Vrishabha Sen, Kachha, Maha Kachha, Nami, Vinami |
| 23 | Parshvanatha | 8 | Kesi, Subhadatta, Aryaghoṣa, Vashishtha, Brahmachari, Soma, Sridhara, Virabhadra and Yasas |
| 24 | Mahavira | 11 | Indrabhuti Gautama, Agnibhuti, Vayubhuti, Sudharmaswami, Vyakta, Mandikata Mauryaputra, Akampita, Acalabharata, Metarya and Prabhasa |
## Ganadhara Vrisabha Sen
Vrishabha Sen was the *Ganadhara* of *Tīrthankara Rishabhanatha*. According to Jain legends, after the *nirvana* of *Rishabhanatha*, Bharata was in grief. Ganadhara Vrisabha Sen saw him and spoke to him:
> "Surely, this is not an occasion for grief, for the Lord has gone to the everlasting Abode of the Immortals, which you and I even are also going to reach very soon!
After this, Bharata recollected himself, touched the feet of *Ganadhara Vrisabha Sen* and left for his kingdom.
## Sources
## InfoBox
| Indrabhuti Gautam Ganadhara | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
17,721,521
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamston,_Bassetlaw
|
Gamston, Bassetlaw
|
Gamston is a village and civil parish four miles south of Retford in the English county of Nottinghamshire. The village lies on the A638 road between Retford and the Markham Moor junction with the A1 and the A57 roads. The population of the civil parish as at the 2011 Census was 246, which increased to 253 in 2021. The River Idle lies to the west of the village. St Peter's Church is a Grade I listed building. Gamston was home to a rectory in the past, and today forms the name of a lane in the village. To the east of the village, beyond the East Coast railway line, is Gamston Wood. The ancient parish wood was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 1984 and covers 41 hectares. The area has been designated as a Site of Specific Interest.
| 2024-05-19T08:40:32
|
# Gamston, Bassetlaw
**Gamston** is a village and civil parish four miles south of Retford in the English county of Nottinghamshire. The village lies on the A638 road between Retford and the Markham Moor junction with the A1 and the A57 roads. The population of the civil parish as at the 2011 Census was 246, which increased to 253 in 2021. The River Idle lies to the west of the village.
St Peter's Church is a Grade I listed building. Gamston was home to a rectory in the past, and today forms the name of a lane in the village.
To the east of the village, beyond the East Coast railway line, is Gamston Wood. The ancient parish wood was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 1984 and covers 41 hectares (100 acres). The area has been designated as a Site of Specific Interest.
## Historical Events
The village has played a significant role in Baptist history, especially as the baptismal place of the 'Baptist John Wesley', Dan Taylor. A Baptist congregation met in the village from about 1690, at first led by Aaron Jeffrey.
Henry Fynes Clinton (1781–1852), an English classical scholar, chronologist and Member of Parliament was born in Gamston.
## Education
The village is home to one school, Gamston Church of England Primary School.
## Retford Gamston Airport
Retford Gamston Airport, a former RAF aerodrome, is a small airport based to the west of the village on the B6387 road. The airport is used for small private aircraft as well as the base for several flying schools.
## InfoBox
| Gamston | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| St Peter's Church, Gamston | |
| Parish map | |
| GamstonLocation within Nottinghamshire | |
| Area | 3.08 sq mi (8.0 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Population | 253 (2021) |
| Density | 82/sq mi (32/km<sup>2</sup>) |
| OS grid reference | SK705765 |
| London | 125 mi (201 km) SE |
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | RETFORD |
| Postcode district | DN22 |
| Dialling code | 01777 |
| | |
| Police | Nottinghamshire |
| Fire | Nottinghamshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
| | |
| UK Parliament | |
| Website | www.gamstonwestdraytoneatonparishcouncil.co.uk |
|
|
3,152,812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gancho_(dance_move)
|
Gancho (dance move)
|
Gancho means "hook" in Spanish and Portuguese, and describes certain "hooking actions" in some dances of Latin American heritage, in Argentine Tango and Salsa in particular.
| 2024-04-22T11:12:18
|
# Gancho (dance move)
**Gancho** means "hook" in Spanish and Portuguese, and describes certain "hooking actions" in some dances of Latin American heritage, in Argentine Tango (leg action) and Salsa (arm action and foot action) in particular.
## Tango
In Argentine Tango, a gancho is a sharp move when a dancer hooks a leg around a partner's leg by bending the knee and then straightening. Both male and female partners may perform ganchos, however when followers perform them, they often happen as a consequence of their trailing leg running into one of the leader's (purposefully positioned) legs. This hooking may be done both from either side of the partner's leg.
## Salsa
In Salsa, the term "gancho" is used in two senses.
One is a synonym of the Hook Turn.
Another one is an arm action, usually performed by the man. The man holds the lady's left hand by his right hand at approximately the shoulder level, the joined arms are bent in the elbows. With hands still joined, the man hooks his elbow by a motion from the inside to the outside over the lady's arm and slightly presses the inside of his arm to the outside of the lady's arm, drawing the lady closer. This gancho action may be done by the either arm or by both arms, either simultaneously or in turn. The hand grip may either be kept, or immediately released after the hook. Exits from the resulting position vary.
|
59,350,583
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja-Gazakh_Economic_Region
|
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
|
The Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region was one of the 10 economic regions of Azerbaijan. It consisted of Aghstafa, Dashkasan, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goygol, Gazakh, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz administrative districts, as well as the cities of Ganja and Naftalan. The most developed and important city of Ganja-Gazakh economic region was Ganja city. The total population was 1,265,200 as of January 1, 2017, representing about 13.6% of the country's population. In the economic region, 47 percent of the population lived in urban areas, and 53 percent lived in rural areas. Population density 103 people per km of land area. The region was abolished on 7 July 2021 and its territory was split among the newly created Ganja-Dashkasan and Gazakh-Tovuz economic regions.
| 2024-07-10T21:38:40
|
# Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
The **Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region** was one of the 10 economic regions of Azerbaijan. It consisted of Aghstafa, Dashkasan, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goygol, Gazakh, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz administrative districts, as well as the cities of Ganja and Naftalan. The most developed and important city of Ganja-Gazakh economic region was Ganja city. The total population was 1,265,200 as of January 1, 2017, representing about 13.6% of the country's population. In the economic region, 47 percent of the population lived in urban areas, and 53 percent lived in rural areas. Population density 103 people per km<sup>2</sup> of land area.
The region was abolished on 7 July 2021 and its territory was split among the newly created Ganja-Dashkasan and Gazakh-Tovuz economic regions.
## Agriculture
| | **2010** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Total area of sown agricultural crops (ha)** | | | | | | |
| Cereals and cereal legumes | 90265 | 95035 | 101972 | 94654 | 86111 | 91063 |
| Including wheat | 58865 | 59986 | 63695 | 61018 | 48887 | 53738 |
| Cotton | 889 | 1380 | 960 | 622 | 566 | 2354 |
| Tobacco | - | - | - | - | - | 38 |
| Sugar beet | 18 | 85 | 356 | 398 | 458 | 2054 |
| Sunflower for seed production | 3576 | 4953 | 4893 | 6260 | 5647 | 4816 |
| Potato | 31712 | 31022 | 31906 | 29828 | 29819 | 31163 |
| Vegetables | 12816 | 12321 | 12150 | 11906 | 11864 | 11852 |
| Viticulture | 1751 | 1039 | 1196 | 1084 | 968 | 1120 |
| Fruit and berry | 14405 | 14620 | 14774 | 14927 | 15399 | 15943 |
| Grape | 4071 | 4459 | 4081 | 4079 | 4263 | 4220 |
| **Productivity (in all categories of farming), ton** | | | | | | |
| Cereals and cereal legumes | 237706 | 297482 | 322418 | 264765 | 281760 | 277945 |
| Including wheat | 149053 | 184665 | 201316 | 166801 | 154236 | 163596 |
| Cotton | 1677 | 2568 | 1472 | 1093 | 419 | 4334 |
| Tobacco | - | - | - | - | - | 24 |
| Sugar beet | 57 | 1765 | 7803 | 11346 | 17241 | 76564 |
| Sunflower for seed production | 6977 | 10264 | 9811 | 10730 | 9738 | 9752 |
| Potato | 574834 | 564551 | 587014 | 453697 | 426535 | 454219 |
| Vegetables | 203179 | 201757 | 204067 | 199158 | 203119 | 218435 |
| Viticulture | 28020 | 16984 | 19985 | 18636 | 16973 | 20732 |
| Fruit and berry | 129204 | 138403 | 140972 | 134135 | 135917 | 138830 |
| Grape | 45458 | 52435 | 53704 | 55653 | 57257 | 56048 |
| **Productivity (in all categories of farming), centner / ha** | | | | | | |
| Cereals and cereal legumes | 26,3 | 31,3 | 31,6 | 28,1 | 32,7 | 30,3 |
| Including wheat | 25,3 | 30,8 | 31,6 | 27,5 | 31,6 | 30,4 |
| Cotton | 18,9 | 18,6 | 15,3 | 17,6 | 7,4 | 18,6 |
| Tobacco | - | - | - | - | - | 6,8 |
| Sugar beet | 32 | 211 | 224 | 301 | 396 | 417 |
| Sunflower for seed production | 20,0 | 21,1 | 20,7 | 17,6 | 17,8 | 21,1 |
| Potato | 181 | 182 | 184 | 152 | 143 | 146 |
| Vegetables | 152 | 157 | 159 | 158 | 163 | 171 |
| Viticulture | 160 | 164 | 167 | 172 | 175 | 186 |
| Fruit and berry | 101,8 | 106,0 | 106,1 | 100,4 | 100,6 | 97,9 |
| Grape | 103,6 | 121,2 | 120,7 | 126,9 | 129,3 | 125,5 |
| **Number of Livestock (in total)** | | | | | | |
| cattle | 322841 | 328581 | 330994 | 329301 | 329172 | 326581 |
| including cow and buffalo | 154303 | 156913 | 158176 | 156934 | 156281 | 156412 |
| Sheep and goats | 1736622 | 1740207 | 1745925 | 1741316 | 1736467 | 1714926 |
| Pigs | 76 | 185 | 643 | 207 | 147 | 123 |
| Birds | 2399809 | 2483108 | 2997419 | 3119063 | 2566803 | 2584876 |
| Bee families | 33434 | 34316 | 35431 | 36276 | 37107 | 39000 |
| **Production of animal products, ton** | | | | | | |
| Meat | 22536 | 24461 | 26154 | 27564 | 28287 | 29141 |
| Milk | 222702 | 248197 | 259982 | 266862 | 276848 | 293988 |
| Eggs, thousand | 110680 | 113036 | 175470 | 210888 | 152913 | 123213 |
| Wool | 3603 | 3725 | 3788 | 3841 | 3891 | 3446 |
## Demographics
The demographics of the economic region includes the demographic features of the population of the region including population growth, population density, economic status and other aspects. According to the population census data in 2017, urban population accounted for 47% and rural was 53%.
| | 2010 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | | | | | | |
| Population (by the end of the year, thousand people) | 1191,7 | 1216,1 | 1227,5 | 1240,8 | 1253,4 | 1265,2 |
| Natural increase | 12474 | 11932 | 12015 | 13516 | 12630 | 11521 |
| Birth | 20649 | 20205 | 20366 | 21934 | 20971 | 20176 |
| Death | 8175 | 8273 | 8351 | 8418 | 8341 | 8655 |
| Including: | | | | | | |
| Children under the age of 1 | 213 | 186 | 182 | 162 | 159 | 129 |
| Marriages | 9732 | 9488 | 10717 | 11552 | 8754 | 8400 |
| Divorces | 954 | 1281 | 1343 | 1685 | 1877 | 1815 |
| Per 1000 people | | | | | | |
| Natural increase | 10,5 | 9,9 | 9,9 | 11,0 | 10,1 | 9,1 |
| Birth | 17,4 | 16,7 | 16,7 | 17,8 | 16,8 | 16,0 |
| Death | 6,9 | 6,8 | 6,8 | 6,8 | 6,7 | 6,9 |
| Including; | | | | | | |
| Children under the age of 1 | 10,2 | 9,3 | 9,1 | 8,1 | 7,5 | 7,0 |
| Marriages | 8,2 | 7,8 | 8,8 | 9,4 | 7,0 | 6,7 |
| Divorces | 0,8 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,5 | 1,4 |
## State programs
The State Program on socio-economic development of regions of Azerbaijan Republic (was approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated February 11, 2004) covered also the Ganja-Gazakh region and was aimed to ensure efficient use of internal resources, development of sectors that bearing particular importance for the economic region, further expansion of production activity of enterprises, stimulation of export-oriented production of goods, increase of employment levels through the development of local entrepreneurship, expand reforms in the agrarian sector and further improvements in the living standards of the population of the economic region. The program covered Aghstafa, Dashkesen, Gedebey, Goranboy, Goygol, Gazakh, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz districts and the cities of Ganja and Naftalan. “The state program for the development of tourism in the Republic of Azerbaijan between 2010 and 2014” tended to prepare recreational plans for recreational tourism resorts and sanatoriums (recreation-placement objects) in the economic region. In addition, the third state program on regional development (2014-2018) contributed to the improvement of the agriculture, tourism, housing and public utilities, transport and other sectors.
## InfoBox
| Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region | |
| --- | --- |
| Economic region | |
| Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region in Azerbaijan | |
| Abolished | 7 July 2021 |
|
2,075,177
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez
|
García Íñiguez
|
García Íñiguez I, also known as García I was the second king of Pamplona from 851–2 until his death. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Educated in Cordoba, he was a successful military leader who led the military campaigns of the kingdom during the last years of his father's life.
| 2024-06-12T10:28:15
|
# García Íñiguez
**García Íñiguez I** (Latin: *Garsea Enneconis*, Basque: *Gartzea Eneko*; c. 810 – 882), also known as **García I** was the second king of Pamplona from 851–2 until his death. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Educated in Cordoba, he was a successful military leader who led the military campaigns of the kingdom during the last years of his father's life.
## Biography
Educated in Córdoba, as a guest at the court of the Emir of Córdoba, García was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of a Basque dynasty ruling in Pamplona up to the late 9th century. When his father was stricken by paralysis in 842, he became regent of the kingdom (or perhaps co-regent with his uncle Fortún Íñiguez). He and his kinsman Mūsā ibn Mūsā ibn Fortún of the Banu Qasi rebelled against the Cordoban emir in 843. This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd ar-Rahman II, who attacked the Kingdom of Pamplona, defeating García badly and killing Fortún. At his father's death in 851/2 (237 A.H.), he succeeded to the crown of Pamplona.
Following the death of Íñigo Arista, the Banu Qasi leader Mūsā ibn Mūsā pursued a policy of closer allegiance with Muhammad I of Córdoba, leaving García to look to Catholic Asturias for an ally. In 859, the Vikings captured García, probably far removed from his Basque kingdom of Navarre, somewhere in the Andalusian heartland, and extorted a hefty ransom, rising to around 70,000 gold dinars. Later the same year, Mūsā ibn Mūsā attacked the Pamplonese city of Albelda. García and his new friend Ordoño I of Asturias together dealt Mūsā a crushing blow, killing, it is said, 10,000 of his magnates in the Battle of Albelda. This, in turn, provoked a raid by Mohammed I of Córdoba in response and the next year, 860, saw García's son and heir Fortún captured and imprisoned by Mohammed I of Córdoba.
He languished in Córdoba for the next 20 years. In 870, García formed an alliance with the Muslim rebel Amrūs ibn Umar ibn Amrūs, who had killed Garcia's nephew Mūsā ibn Galindo of Huesca, and the next year was apparently in a new alliance with the sons of Mūsā ibn Mūsā, now in rebellion against Córdoba.
García's death has been subject to scholarly dispute, a result of a paucity of records from the last years of his reign. The lack of subsequent mention of him after 870 led to the suggestion that he died in that year, while his eldest son and heir was in the hands of his enemies, it was argued that García Jiménez governed the kingdom as regent. García's son, Fortún Garcés, is then made to succeed upon his release in 880. There is, however, no evidence for such a regency, and Sanchéz Albornoz has cited evidence that García was still living at the time of his son's return. Thus it is likely that Balparda was reporting an accurate tradition when he suggested García and ally Umar ibn Hafsun fought a battle at Aibar, not far from present-day Lumbier, against the troops of the Emir of Córdoba in 882, García dying there (although the age provided him, 84 years, is clearly exaggerated).
## Marriage and descendants
The identity of García's wife or wives is poorly documented, and has been subject to much speculation. An undated confirmation of an earlier lost charter refers to King García and Queen Urraca Mayor, and this is thought by some to refer to García Íñiguez and an otherwise unknown wife, Urraca. Based on her name alone and the fact that one of his sons' names was Fortún, a common name among the Banu Qasi dynasty (but also that of García's paternal uncle), it has been argued that Urraca could have been a granddaughter of Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, the leader of the Banu Qasi clan. Other historians have suggested alternative parentage, or suggested the document does not refer to García Íñiguez at all but instead to García Sánchez II of Pamplona and his mother Queen Urraca Fernández. A second possible wife is *infanta* Leodegundia, daughter of Ordoño I of Asturias. She is known to have married a ruler of Pamplona not named in the primary source, and García Íñiguez is one of those speculated to have been this prince.
He may also have been the father of Jimena, who married King Alfonso III of Asturias between 26 May and 20 December 873, both appearing together for first time in 874 making a donation to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Her name and the status of her husband as the premier monarch in Catholic Iberia suggests that she could have come from nothing short of the highest levels of Pamplona society, though some have instead derived her from the Jimenez dynasty.
1. Martínez Díez 2007, p. 23.
2. Lévi-Provençal 1953, pp. 11 and 14.
3. Gibb et al 1986, p. 1079.
4. Collins 1995, p. 267.
5. Collins 1990, p. 143.
6. Martínez Díez 2007, p. 25.
7. Collins 2012, p. 45.
8. Salazar y Acha 2006, pp. 33–34.
9. Martínez Díez 2007, p. 24.
10. Carriedo Tejedo 1993–1994, p. 142.
11. Sánchez Albornoz 1959, p. 33.
12. Ubieto Arteta 1967, pp. 289–291.
13. Sánchez Albornoz 1959, p. 34.
14. Carriedo Tejedo 1993–1994, p. 144.
## Sources
* Barrau-Dihigo, Lucien (1900). "Les origines du royaume de Navarre d'apres une théorie récente". *Revue Hispanique* (in French). **7** (21–22): 141–222. ISSN 9965-0355.
* Cañada Juste, Alberto (1980). "Los Banu Qasi (714–924)". *Príncipe de Viana* (in Spanish) (Year 41): 5–95. ISSN 0032-8472.
* Carriedo Tejedo, Manuel (1993–1994). "Nacimiento, matrimonio y muerte de Alfonso III el Magno" (PDF). *Asturiensia Medievalia* (in Spanish) (7). Oviedo: 129–145. ISSN 0301-889X.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
* Collins, Roger (2012). *Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796–1031*. Blackwell Publishing.
* Collins, Roger (1990). *The Basques* (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0631175652.
* Collins, Roger (1995). MacKitteric, Rosamund (ed.). *The New Cambridge Medieval History*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521362924.
* García Gómez, Emilio; Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1954). "Textos inéditos del *Muqtabis* de Ibn Hayyan sobre los orígines del Reino de Pamplona". *Al-Andalus* (in Spanish). **19** (2): 295–316. ISSN 0304-4335.
* Gibb, H.A.R. (1986). *The Encyclopaedia of Islam*. Vol. I. Coauthors: Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J. Brill. ISBN 9789004081147.
* Lacarra de Miguel, José María (1945). "Textos navarros del Códice de Roda" (PDF). *Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón*. **1**: 193–284. OCLC 694519776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
* Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1953). "Du nouveau sur le royaume de Pampelune au IXe siècle". *Bulletin Hispanique* (in French). **55** (1). Université de Bordeaux: 5–22. doi:10.3406/hispa.1953.3340. ISSN 0007-4640.
* Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). *Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus* (in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. ISBN 978-84-96467-47-7.
* Pérez de Urbel, Justo (1954). "Lo viejo y lo nuevo sobre el origin del Reino de Pamplona". *Al-Andalus* (in Spanish). **19** (1): 1–42. ISSN 0304-4335.
* Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2006). "Urraca. Un nombre egregio en la onomástica altomedieval". *En la España medieval* (in Spanish) (1): 29–48. ISSN 0214-3038.
* Sánchez Albornoz, Claudio (1959). "Problemas de la historia Navarra del siglo IX" (PDF). *Príncipe de Viana* (in Spanish) (20): 5–62. ISSN 0032-8472.
* Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1967). "¿Un nuevo rey pamplonés para el siglo IX?". *Príncipe de Viana* (in Spanish). **28** (108–109): 289–292. ISSN 0032-8472.
## InfoBox
| García Iñiguez | |
| --- | --- |
| King of Pamplona | |
| Reign | 851-2 – 870 |
| Predecessor | Íñigo Arista |
| Successor | Fortún Garcés |
| | |
| Born | c. 810 |
| Died | 870 |
| Burial | Monastery of Leyre |
| Consort | Urraca |
| Issue<br>*more...* | Fortún Garcés |
| House | House of Íñiguez |
| Father | Íñigo Arista |
|
42,850,447
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Turnbull
|
Gareth Turnbull
|
Gareth Turnbull is an Irish middle distance runner who specialises in the 1500 metres. He won the silver medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade.
| 2024-03-25T12:42:10
|
# Gareth Turnbull
**Gareth Turnbull** (born 14 May 1979) is an Irish middle distance runner who specialises in the 1500 metres. He won the silver medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade.
## Competition record
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing Ireland | | | | | |
| 1997 | European Junior Championships | Ljubljana, Slovenia | 3rd | 1500 m | 3:48.16 |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 7th | 1500 m | 3:44.23 |
| | European U23 Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 7th | 1500 m | 3:46.79 |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 11th (h) | 1500 m | 3:42.97 |
| 2001 | European U23 Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 9th | 1500 m | 3:42.78 |
| | Universiade | Beijing, China | 2nd | 1500 m | 3:44.21 |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 19th (sf) | 1500 m | 3:42.01 |
| 2007 | European Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 21st (h) | 1500 m | 3:52.20 |
## Personal bests
**Outdoor**
**Indoor**
|
48,287,817
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Geomagnetism
|
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
|
The Indian Institute of Geomagnetism is an autonomous research institution established by the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology. The facility is engaged in basic and applied research in geomagnetism, as well as allied areas of geophysics, atmospheric physics and space physics, as well as plasma physics. The institute currently operates 12 magnetic observatories and actively participates in the Indian Antarctic Program.
| 2023-12-24T05:57:23
|
# Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
The **Indian Institute of Geomagnetism** is an autonomous research institution established by the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology. The facility is engaged in basic and applied research in geomagnetism, as well as allied areas of geophysics, atmospheric physics and space physics, as well as plasma physics. The institute currently operates 12 magnetic observatories and actively participates in the Indian Antarctic Program.
## History
The institute was developed as a successor of Colaba Observatory in 1971. The original Observatory was founded in 1826. Its first Director was B. N. Bhargava, appointed in 1971, and held this title until 1979.
## Research
The institute has collaborated with Kyoto University in Japan, the University of the Western Cape in South Africa, and the National Science Council in Taiwan. It established a World Data Center for the topic of Geomagnetism that maintains comprehensive sets of analog and digital geomagnetic data, as well as indices of geomagnetic activity supplied from a worldwide network of magnetic observatories.
## Centers and Observatories
### Location of Regional Laboratories
### Location of Magnetic Observatories
## Facilities
The institute developed fluxgate magnetometers.
1. DOCTORAL PROGRAMME (Ph.D.) :
```
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) offers Doctoral Programme in Geomagnetism and Allied Fields pertinent to studies of Solid Earth, Upper Atmosphere and Observatory Data Analysis. Selected candidates will be required to do research work at its HQ and/or its regional centres (EGRL-Tirunelveli, KSKGRL-Allahabad and MO-Shillong). Indian Institute of Geomagnetism is a recognized centre for conducting research leading to Ph.D. degree by following universities in the subjects specified:
```
University of Mumbai (Physics) Shivaji University, Kolhapur (Physics) North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (Physics, Applied Geology, Environmental Science) SRTM University, Nanded (Geophysics, Environmental Science) Andhra University, Visakhapatanam (Physics & Geophysics) Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli (Physics) 2. POSTDOCTORAL PROGRAMME (PDF) : Nanabhoy Moos Research Fellowship (NMRF) Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) is a premier institute of the Department of Science & Technology engaged in fundamental research in Geomagnetism and its allied fields. The institute has been able to attract young and rich scientific talent for carrying out research. To further enrich and create scientific talent in a variety of scientific disciplines in this institute, a new Postdoctoral Research Fellowship "Nanabhoy Moos Research Fellowship (NMRF)" has been introduced.
1. "Indian Institute of Geomagnetism - IIG Mumbai, India". *iigm.res.in*. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
## InfoBox
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Research Institution |
| Established | 1971 |
| Director | Professor A P Dimri |
| Location | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | http://www.iigm.res.in |
|
18,191,977
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_(Sneaky_Sound_System_song)
|
Kansas City (Sneaky Sound System song)
|
"Kansas City" is the first single by Australian dance group Sneaky Sound System, taken from their second studio album 2. The Adam Callen directed music video was nominated for Best Video at the ARIA Music Awards of 2008.
| 2022-10-10T15:53:37
|
# Kansas City (Sneaky Sound System song)
"**Kansas City**" is the first single by Australian dance group Sneaky Sound System, taken from their second studio album .
The Adam Callen directed music video was nominated for Best Video at the ARIA Music Awards of 2008.
## Track listing
CD single / iTunes EP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kansas City" (Original) | 4:29 |
| 2. | "Kansas City" (Lifelike Remix) | 6:44 |
| 3. | "Kansas City" (Beni Remix) | 5:06 |
| 4. | "Kansas City" (Tomboy Remix) | 5:28 |
| Total length: | | 21:46 |
12" vinyl
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kansas City" (Sam la More Remix) | |
| 2. | "Kansas City" (Beni Remix) | |
| 3. | "Kansas City" (Tomboy Remix) | |
| 4. | "When We Were Young" (Shazam Remix) | |
## Music video
The music video for the song features a yellow brick road and dancing puppets including one that looks like the character of Dorothy from the *Wizard of Oz*. In the Wizard of Oz Dorothy Gale was from the US state of Kansas. The Kansas City most people recognize (from skyline photos and sports teams) is the city in the US state of Missouri. Still, references to Kansas City being in Kansas can be technically correct because there is a separate municipality of Kansas City, Kansas across the Kansas-Missouri border from Kansas City, Missouri.
## Charts and certifications
Kansas City has been the band's second highest-peaking single ever. Second after their 2007 hit "UFO" which peaked at number #11. The single certified Gold with sales of up to 35,000
### Weekly charts
| Chart (2008) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian ARIA Singles Chart | 14 |
| Australian Airplay Chart | 16 |
| ARIA Australian Singles | 3 |
| ARIA Dance Chart | 2 |
| ARIA Club Chart | 3 (\*) |
(\*) indicates that the Club/lifelike/Tomboy/Ben's Red Eye/Sam La More mix charted
### Year-end charts
| Country | Chart | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | ARIA End of Year Singles | 87 |
|
## Release history
| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 12 July 2008 | Whack | CD, digital download | WHACK08 |
| | 22 January 2009 | | 12" vinyl | WHACK11 |
## InfoBox
| "Kansas City" | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Single by Sneaky Sound System | |
| from the album | |
| Released | 12 July 2008 (2008-07-12) |
| Recorded | at The House of Whack, Bondi |
| Genre | Electropop, synth-pop, dance-pop |
| Length | 4:29 (single version)<br>3:56 (album/video version) |
| Label | Whack |
| Songwriter(s) | Angus McDonald (Black Angus), Connie Mitchell |
| Producer(s) | Black Angus and Donnie Sloan |
| Sneaky Sound System singles chronology | |
| "Goodbye" <br>(2007) "**Kansas City**" <br>(2008) "When We Were Young" <br>(2008) | |
|
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